POLISH COMMUNIST VIEW OF [ ] AND WEST GERMAN ECONOMIC SITUATION [ ] THE FIRST HALF OF 1949

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 127
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 16, 2004
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: December 2, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

FORM NO.
MAY 1949
t I.
CLASSIF[CATION
CENTRAL'
4
25
REPORT NO.
,IN FOR
._'40UNT11+-151:Mid/a;initSO:Viet
5
fk! E
RtPORT
CD NO.
rirt,.yies)
#(.18JEC14 Polish Communist View of
Economic 6itua io
949
25X1 PLACE
ACQUIRED
25X1 miRyDINFO
,ntis DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFt
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANI
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OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER 10 A
MISITED BY LAW REPRODUCTION OF
F
DATE DISTR. 2 Dec. 1949
NO. OF PAGES
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25X1 REPORT NO.
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THIS DOCUMENT ErIV?tzt A
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? De DIT DETACH
25X114 - The accompanying material is being sent to you for retention. It should be
rad in the "light of the following Inft.,rtiiation and comments which were furnished
by sour.
25X1 Thia is a free translation of an economic report prepared 23 u1y 1949
25X
25X1
25X1
4.
Soviet tone of German
d Part .0 co
rs ie stern German
- The reports are based on overt ant semi-overt data.
Part I covers the
CLASSIFICATION S
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NAVY
-..
NSTR1BUTION
ARMY
AIR
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On the basis of this report anr1 of factual eoonomic situation
reports pat out by ocoupation fird 2ferman economic authorities, it
.111 be possible toastudy and esti7tte the extent or Communist re-
porting bias composed of tender,10,41noss and propagandes
BO 4." 01 *A.
Cortati
3
.sr,3It_42.02_91.1strazu
1. Basic Foundation of ovzin iio Policy
2. Economic Situation
/3. Industry . 3
4, Domestic Trade "Fries H r HO." 5
5, Foreign Trade of the 9ovm,)1 f,yr 1948
v6, Food and Agriculture
7. Transportation and Commiricrir
8, Employment
91 Basis of Financial Folic 9
10. 1949 Economic Plan le
11. FOlfilment of Plan for 71st i1f of 1949 11
12. General Characteristic, tovson Economic t .012 lt
13 Appendices 13-23
'ease,
7
r 4F)
t
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1. B
The dbilontl*Paent of ""
cono1uIon of hostilities tn a
the economic goals, namely:
1/ socialization and democl
2/ development of peace-tin..
3/ raising of the standard
IA-RD 83-00415R00380001 05(31
WM' P911"
life in the Sov-zon since the
ally consistent
ion of the econom
ustries,
iing.
alizat on of
Realisation of the Wove goals is consistently accomplished
by the German Economic Comm4t43iOn (aNK), whose competence is gradually
widening to include not only executive but also initiative functions.
The Soviet occupational authcxities limit their activities in the ?
00onomic field to general svpervivion. Beeause of eeonemic policy
applied in the Sovzon, it wes posrible to record several favorable
coins and at the present Use it is expected the economic recovery
will be -accelerated in
1/ carrying out of basic s. toonomle reforms, Land reform and
socialization of basic ts of industry and
2/ commencement of a decided plaried economy.
2
u t
rder to depict the ol-s
Sovzon we shall tike up successive
branches of economic life, namely;
trade, agriculture and food, -7.4.ave
ployment and finances. In c7,11.11te
economic plan and character13e its
3 ?Tau.=
sent economic, situation in the
ly the developments of the main
industry, domestic trade, foreign
pertation and commmnieatinn, em-
ion we shall analyze the l49
execution up to the present time.
Industrial product1c f I4F" was 26.8% greater than that 0
1947. Especiallysuccessful develoent was registeree by baSIc
Industries, Coal industry th* 3ovzon reached the following pro-
duction figures, exceeding thk-, produotion figures of 1936:
12A2
Of Toni
brown coal
briquettes
hard coal
111
30
2,84
102
26
2,75
?
I 4
,3
4
1948 production of electrical nnerrv was 6% greeter ttn
reaching the total of 14 mill '41
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Smelting Industry reached tho flowing production norms:
24-4 j relative to 1947
steel '
raw iron
rolled steal
225,000 t
125,000 t
260,000 t
102,000 t
92000 t
13,Cee t
211
131
195
Development of the ieittig industry deserve special
attention when one realizes that after the conclusion of hostiliti
it was dismantled in the Sov7,1n Intoause it was almost exclusive'
the service of the war 1.ndultrn-5 Only in the latter part or 194.
did the Soviet authorities nermit steel and iron needs to be satis-
fied from German sources. In 447 and 1948 the following smelting
*Wks were received: Max-EtnIttn, Riess, Hennigadort Male,
Greeditz. According o the 1)q plan, further revilrial of the smelt-
ing industry is envisaged end fnr this purpose large investtent
Credits were established (men t'Teoaomic Plan for 1949", below).
:Raw metal* for the smelting -Indystry of the Sovzon are found in
\scrap iron and iron ore (44i Yangenese ore is delivered by
the USSR and by Hungary. Ci1 nf coke during the interruption of
economic relation with the Ilnr tre delivered by PoIand (80g) and
Czechoslovakia (20%). ?or 1714 end experimentation in the snelting
industry,. DWK estsblished 14 'Ami'Oti 1949 the so-called "Steel and
Iron Experimental Institute" tn lennigsdorf. The Freiberg Vining
Academy, opened in 1948, priot44-1 cadre for mining arid smelting.
Development of the chemieal '-dvsnry is oharacterized by the follow-
ing table:
1946 equals 100
sulphuric acid
soda
soda lye
carbon sulphate
carbide
lacquers and paints
salt
potash salts
Plan for 1949
187
? 185
? 157
164
230 .
3
9
2
The production of sulphuric 1,-,n nnd of calcinat.4 scaa is proved
to be insufficient causing s ihnrtage of raw materials for synthetic
fiber and fertilizers. The 190t economic plan expecially stressed
higher production of these t-In 1,rticles, of. Appendix No. 6.
This building, glass, qnd ceramic industries Wive snlwn in
1948 production gains of 64S in c,7mpanison with 1947. Itentzed
production gain is as follow,
Slaked lime 22% fladow glass 200%
Dement 5 _ 1cofing tile
Kaolin 57% 11,ofing paper
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Machine dnstry regit? :
of deIiverl.s froll the Ruhr mid
Icaused temporary difficulties 4
0 lict1_,_xotorst and olectrical
siff&o-been oonquered Needed type
livered by the USSR CSR, and
5% gain over 1
of some spool.*
notion of heavy
ts. These diffilml
of steel and iron
Light industry gained over 1947.
Dolit1ng.X1141 "Ut
T4741 - 4?13."
Production gains in thr 14tht industry's eonsunP goods
largely contributed to greater indtstrial turnover on the dcstie
market. This turnover it 190 tot/tied cos 45 milliard DU,
20 mare than in 1947. indettnic and agrienitural gtowth e, tabled
setting aside some over-prodtee4'items for the so-tolled Free Stores
(91,0.4), or stores selling Rees nt commercial priest. These Fret
Stores became a serious fattor en 1:he road leading to normalisation
of econmsie life. Growirg tnrlover of the Free Store contributes
to the liquidation of the blnei. tarket. Also, the Frt. Mores play
a very important role in ralsOlg ithe buying power of the mark and
that way is the standard of Vs of the working populution. Prices
in the Free Stores will be rofIleed to proportion to the growth of
production end greater suppll 4r commodities. Prices were lowered
20-50% from Jahuary to June 1949. Further enlargement of the Fre
-
Stores net and the enlargemeet of their stocks from-the growing
reduction will allow gradual dein, of the difference between
be controlled and free pricel should lead to the establishment
of common stable prices, and ti to normal eeonomio life. :he Free
Stores operate as public tiI1tis and their prorits are usq or
investments.
5 Drain, Traci. pfAkt.,_
ions gains ard etel.
Berson. Foreitr
In 1947Z Of tt
Because of the
value of fore'
lion dollars 1'0
ter than in lp41,
1 produett, rtft. sten
r_Li_Lozjag
for the year 194 'foreign
for the Sovnon-is 194 wi 240%
was accounted for by import and
of official statistics, we will
at 250 million dtllars for 194
ligarts of the Sovson for "194
greatest gains were registered
nd iron nennforrous metals,
end super-phonnlaten. Airicultura3. Prcdnets InPor.
*hole import Anir2C this that of 194, Export in
granter -than All 1,47.- The greatest turnover of ex-
1"..!4i, in miralg 444 iettalur ical industry (16017),
cal mlehtnee 'i' tots (610%), ellemicals wood
products (630%).
ed data eooeet 1n the foreign trade of he 3ovor for
the various- 1,s is given in Appendix no 1,
fficially
1948 aecor
arid include
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Dividing the fort gr zaie of the Sovson,accordin
id.strjation, it appears that -As Peoples' Democracie!; par
and the arshall Plat: ttries in 22%. Details at'
ndix No g
1948 sittessed enli
the USSR and the Sovson. It
Sovson imports as compared t
Sovzon needs of raw iron, ro14_
rain, edible fats cotton crc
s Poland., accounting for 2Vf
greement of 29 Mireh 1949
cooperation of the two coun
Poland became almost exclusl
Poland covors the total nee4-,
coal and 80% of coke
In return Poland go
sorep iron and potash salts
Polish agr culture). Another
machinery.
6. 1.221.1g.Aultaltaa
Land reform in the
farms were thus established.
divided. The structure of 1
in comparison to the altos
;env in Ile.
0.5 5
5 20 3
20 50
50 100
eVer 100
economic relatipnship
e USSR accounted for 40%
f_n 1947, The USSR eovers
steel products, non.-ferro etals
_4)1.. Second most lmtortart irnporter
total Sovzon imports. The trade
r enlarged the sphere of economic
According to this agreement,
laporter Of Sovzon coil and
!lovson for gas (?) end flame (?)
ated
ven
the Sows on roan,
account for the
;o-tart Sovzon expor
able raw ores
1 reeds of
?o Poland Is
made in 1948; 530,000 new
315011;000 hectares of land were
Amership after the 1948 land reform
1949 changes as follows:
26
1.4 1,4
1.1
All erns of over 100 ha. at
technical institutions.
The 1948 land refo
land yield in 1948/9. Grain
were completed two months alit
deliveries were eompleted a
full food rations for the p
sale of some products like p
.14.5 10
47,5 30
6.8
1 9
30
al-,te and expel.
12
22
9
d in a great imp!, me.
ies and repayment of s?ed loans
e. Also, potato and vegtsb1.
, The 1948/9 \yie1d uarante
until the next harvest and even
potables and fruit,
by
The agrieultural sitl,
(in thousand3
ts
mp
1
PotatoROATRA es
Release liorrit
I!) it,
?1L 0:
the Sovson s al follows:
2A4?19
.719
214
24
DP83-00415R003800010014V
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Xi034 Der ha (in Kg)
Grain
Siliquose plants
Oleaginous plants
Sugar bests
Potatoes
,02,..-9:Cl1irRIDID83-00415R0038000?Org
Ifortekt. (in thousands of /on:
Grain
Siliquose plants
Oleaginous plants
Sugar beets
Potatoes
1,110
1,020
760
A1,140
14,600
4,114
92
97
4,605
11,825
For the coming harvest and rvr f!r1 planting and planning, the
number of machine stations TIV7 1,_ereased. At the present there ere
as. 100 of thou with a total c,f 6,000 tractors, 6,500 harvesters.,
4,000 thrashing machines, and sa? 16,000 skilled workers.
A basic improvement 1c the Sovzon agricultural situation
this year is expected by the -!..ntrtduc4ion of local manufacture of
tractors. As of 1 'Way 1949, the Sovzon had ea. 25,000 tractors
which satisfied only about ha7f of the need. Great help in this
respect was the delivery this spring of 1 000 tractors from the
USSR. Until now local productiOn was limited to a stall number of
tractors assembled by various eachine shops from available replace-
ment parts and 'motors. Serluos tractor production was started by
the socialized auto factory Pprch 'n Zwickau, with aeoessories de-
livered by the Famo Firm in Sehefhebeck/Slbe, Ip Zulu' th?Branden-
burg tractor firm produced !",( tr7Ittors; an additional fir is being
established in Nordharsen.
The expected product this year is 300 tractors; next year
2,400. The tractor prodretle!- wl,?1 Consist of two types, both
powered by gasoline motors. The Horch establishment is to produce
the tractor of 40 h.p. and thv Nordhausen and Brandenburg firms,
22 b.p. Ibm type produced Er tdrtthausen and Brabdtaturg is a
teehnical innovation in the It bps no ball bearings, A special .
experimental institute is wtring on new u6diai.',
7. T ? d
The Salmon railways 413ppis of 3,000 locomotives _, 000
freight cars, ud 8,000 past v4,-1:0 srs. Under repair are
locomotives, l8000 freight 4,---7sIT .;.'nd 21300 passenger cars.:- -----
Comparison of RR trerlic littween 1947 and 1948 is as follows:
RR freight traffic (in mliii, -.! tons)
RR tr ( in milliards of
RP passenger traffic Or. miiiri f persons) 74 910 24.
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The main improvement 41AS 44 shortening the time the Average
RR car stands waiting to be lseded from 25.2 to 4.7 dem, In the
first half of 1949 there were 14 ,WO carsswailable dilly as against
12,000 - st year. Whereas ts 191,6 only 51,000 snits were moved
4
daily,: ''l May 1949 the &ails! mOvement amounted to 94,000 unit.
River transportation gained fll sgairst 1947. The freight sea
traffic of the Sovson is ha-04149e 'oy two ports, Rostock and wismar
In 1948 Rostock handled 7E5,0S0 tsns and Wismar 760,0?C tons.
' In 1949 these ports rire cleared of wrecks and investments
made to initiate new harbor p-sjSsts. Under constrrction as an
RR miscasloading crane, repel- dboks, two large mobilo hoisting
machines in Rostock, 100 metes ISfter, a crane for loading presh
salt in Wismar, and also thros notile cranes In WarnemOnde. At
present the crane loadins oaptsity in Rostock is Ca. 200 tors per
hour and in Wismar 125 tons. The Warneende-Rostosk sorts 're
omissible to larger ships tron tbn port in Wismar besasse of their
greater depth. Bst the loadisg capaeity of the SovzOm prots is not
nearly sufficient for tha ststiily growing requirements of the Zone.
This suggests the possibility o4' stilisation of the ntettin port
for Sovzon freight in trsnsitr
8 Employment
Tb. Sefton has full syment. There As even a shsrtage
of seasonal workers. Over!ss ,Iltent of the economic plan for first
half of 1949 in the building ' isitry permitted adding a work
program in the field of city, Vtllsge building, and in road con-
struction. Increased wage prsgism created the possibility sr
ing ca. 10041000 workers. Becauss of lack of unesplo/ment in the
Bovson, nasiployed of the VW 7ctors of Perlin are being hired.
Belowsare some data concernirr Sstloyment within the Sovzors The
employment situation in the msst !mportant irdsstries is as follows:
14-3
mdu s trY EMPLOYVEYT
%0,000 23.8%
110,000 49.3%
68otoo0 15.9%
460l000 10.8%
10,000.21
,
14 '47,000 21.2%
165,000 3.7%
759,000 17%
593,000 58.1%
P83-00415R003800010014-3
1,090,00c
450,00(
400,000
220, C0
37.8%
31.4%
13%
11.5%
6.3%
8.6%
23.8%
18.1%
49.5%
Agriculture ,000 30%
and forestry
Industry 3,200,000 41% .
and crafts
Transportation 1,130,000 14.6%
and trade
State & private 860,000 11.1%
bureau employees
Domestics . 230,000
000
Dependents in 1,041,000 Lt
family business
Whits collar 1,424,000
workers
Workers 4,411,000
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876,000
665,0c,n
10818,000
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to
Over
9.
*000 56,000
7,000 1 9%3,000
4,000638,000
2206%
58,4%
19
* 000
379,000
196,000
36.6%
55.5%
7.9%
Ah important deVeloment lithin the period, covered y this
report was the official pob,4ati.,1:1 for the first tire of the Sovson
budget and its ratification .1;y? organs of German peoples' representa-
tion. The phnliclzen and rntlfied budget of the whole Zone and
budgets of the five Linder of the Sovzon depict the basis of novzon
financial policy and enable characterization.
The zonal bodget cotn-t, 'the period 1 April to 31 December
3.949 because the VAX wishes t.A.at the budget year for 195o N. rim
simultansouely with the econnmic plan,. The budget for the iat
, three soar ers or lenvionts an income of 12 ard
expenditure-3 Of 20 illion DV. Thf,!refore the incore is 4o exceed
the ezpendiZues by 3.2 bI1LPH, Since the 1948A budget realised
tne gain of DM cw-r.tW3 expenditures it is evident that
the 1949 budget is based on x,i4t2ity and on healthy financial policy.
Active balance of Sovzor bavt lv to be utilized for the creation
of financial reserves.ard rox fi:Aincial investment. Particular
attention should be called tc the fact that favorable budgetary
Valtnee was realized in spite or the initiation of tex reform which
400reased income by about 3M. Txpecially was the endowment (7)
'400ressed, thereby inorenn4n the net endowment. The possibility
al reduction was caused ly.thc increase of income of the state
undertakings. This income tcAla for this year 1,25 billion DM.
Decreasing tax income with n Anutaneoua increase in the income
from state undertakings unbvrden5 the working. population, 1:11 1948
the treasury Income from tase6 vac 60% of the total income and in
1949 only 48%. This is preen' of the healthy evolutien of the Sovson
budget, especially since before the war taxes formed 80% of the
state income and in the Unite. 9tutel today taxes account for 90%
of state income.
The 1949 bugst also given definite data on reparations Paid.
to the SovietUnion, ending finally the reports of the reactionary
press concerning their oppressing proportions.
The value of reparatins for the last three quarterc of 1949
is to be 1.034 billion DV, or not quite 10% of total expendltur
Appendix Ko. 3 gives the income and expenditure date of the
1949 budget for the whole of the Sovzon. The Zone-wise and Land
budget figures appear in Appendix 7o. 4.
Money circulstion sins the financial reftorm remains un-
changed at ca. 4,112 billiOn DI. Of this sum, as of 1 June 1949,
.800 million DX was in credit tnstitutions, 3.3 billinn DI ir private
hands and in the treasuries o' uniertakings. The money circulation
is ganged according to the asilgr,sent of 152 DU per parson as against
157 DM in Western Germany.
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10.
In the current
e Year Plan. The
ts details are ki
Industrial produ-
greater than in 1949. ProducIt
branches ae planed as folln-q:
electrical energy
coal mining
tactile industry
owl working
eonsumere goods
4eather and shoes
materials
imdustry
construction
on instruments trid
?technical industry
and cellulose
The above table
of gains, shows that
4, and industries of
, electrotachnical or
*on in metal ore and
utilisation of the lir
with consumer goods.
ion plan on_supplying
ri in-OPdii to bettet-
sion of the Sovzon popql
will cover greater ireM
The goal in agriou
by 10%. Winter planting wil7
3,056,0O0 ha.' Spring plantir
ovzOn eeonomy is bated on the
ratified by. the VW! on me eh
ppendix No. 5.
n for 3,949 is planned to be 16%
gain in various producti-)n
9%
11.2% -
12.9%
14,8%
15
16/
20.1% '
20.41
21.1%
25.1%
454 '
g to rIctv
toss was laid In the
With fertiljzer
t?l and thus to b?tr
, Production gain
,retal ore and of some
1,106,000 ha. for
810,000 he. for
220,000 he, for
5,000 ha. for
30,000 ha. for
8,O00 ha, for
ll6,000 ha. for greens
239,000 ha. for cattle few
43,000 ha for hey
5,000 ha for herbs and =-_-)rdt
grain and 1-
potatoes
sugar bee
oleaginou
flax end h-
tobacco
d per-
o smelting,
oods
? Higher
ii enable
upply the
seonomic
and farm
the food
export
fw,d items.
e is to raise the harvest yield
1,874,000 ha. and spring planting
take:
tihles
n s.
The area under oc,Itt tion
949/50 than in 1948/9. goof f the add o
teed for fodder plants. 1-1F1 sinter planting w
eater for winter grain and 7-5,100 for oleaginous
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The plan visue1.1zes grester rural constryct ors. It
calls for implementation of the .4_and reform by constrict or of
28,150 houses, 2,250 stablp;, ari 17,500 barns.
Industrial and evieultural industrial gal!-s will de-
mand greater transportation fletEities. According to the 1949 elan,
transportation is to be 12.at ereater in 1949 than in 1948.
According to the 1943 plan, the sus of 1174,0.00 DI
will be invested. 20% of thL! qte-a will be for rural construction
and 19 for communal buildinr. The greatest investment in the
industry is for raw materials2 Er4ort goods, and prodIction means.
In agriculture and forestry tZra !nlen calls fordWV4IdeMent of machine
stations, state farms, reclatticr work, and reforestretion of'
40,000 ha.
In domestie tradt the plan calls for procurement and
socialization of the wholesal ttqwe by the means of'estatlishment
of state trade centers. In t!-Le field of retail trade the pier calls
for enlarging the Pro, Stores increasing the asSortment of
articles, lenprOviment of their relity, and lowering-of prices. In
foreign trade the plan demend greater trade turnover with the USSR.,
Poland, and other peoples' 4e7neT,sc1es.
11. Fulfilment of PlanjInlit,;t_ Half of 1949,
Both the German ecosoic cnd the Soviet Occupational euthoritis
consider the fulfilment of Ow sionomic plan of basis tmportance,
rectognizing its fulfilment los a is upon which to build more long
range and more productive piers. The Two Year Plan is but the
starting basis for the careP7ily planned .1954=15 Five Year Plan. Th
spite,of some difficulties Ole tr!%fi1ment-6T-Tbsi-firet half of 1949
plan was satisfactory FAA argrls iThe fulfilment and overfulfilment
of the whole 1949 plan. Ths Itilcation that the plat will be fu1A.
filled is based on productim data covering 40 basieindustrial
product* and showing average !*ulffament for the first quarter bf 1949
by 104.9% and in the second ql:&rter by l0s.5%. The fulfilment of the
plan in separate industries Tind industrial articles is expressed in
percentages in the follewirt teele:
brown coal?
briquettes
hard coal
raw metals
stool
rolled stool
copper ore
cement
103.2
102.5
101.7
109.1
105.6
119
89
- 1
105.7
LC6.6
"IC. .2
94
1,71
7
9
6
52
65
50 (or 60*:.
3
Approved For Releas
IA DP83-00415R003800010014-3
,
Approved For Releas
plAiRDP83-00415R00380001001
slack Idle 123.1
. window glass
11L7
sulphuric acid
soda 101.5
potash soda100
:paper cellulose 123.2
t/ortifioial rubber_ 126.8
electrical energy- 102.7
artificial :wool 101.3
artificial silk 104
paper 112.7
Of special isportanet ?A4-4evelopment of Sorsa Industrv is
the fulfilment of the plan fOr the.mmeiting Industry., In comptrison
With the Second half of 194e? lrOduction of raw metal* was greater
in 1949 by_52%, of steel by 4.4, re rolled steel by 6c$. g(!)
greater prOdnotion of su1phUtil.1 *cid (in comparison with le 'rear)
hetra very basic importance fir delmloping the textile industry.
Because of it, production of .N.,mthotic wool in 1949 *nal -in com-
parison with production 'In 19/i4, T'eater by 66%, and of syntItie
,..-
silk by 106%.
Noticeable overfulfiAmen. of the plan, especially 1,, the
field of bptlding matntn1 t, lime, glass, etc) allowed the
DWK to make an additional pIen fur the second half of 1949,
at utilization of these prod7t11- 'beyond the original plan. This
supplementary plan includes '21 FO-tieles, most of them building
materials. ,This plan fOresets additional investment works in
drainage of swamps, reclamation, reforestration, building oC roads
and bridges, removal of rrAtitl, 47.11ty and rural construction. To
accomplish this additional 100,000 workers will be eMployed. In
agriculturet planned spring-snd --atnmer work was eospisted sheaf, of
toe by 11 June 1949. The pins for cattle raising was substaotially
overfulfilled as is evident Troi the inventory of 3 ;11A0 19A-9. Thik
planes norm was hot reached-41. thr field of improvement and drainage,
toil conservation and rrral vitirntiOfl.
Favorable results lalned in forestry. Peforftstrtion
a' omplisbments exceeded 01111 114n tly 118%.
Resin.c011eCtion and prtdetion of turpentine was 33%.
greater that tailed for in *els flan; ealection Rnd urooessine
oak bark for tanning indroet7, wtdt 15.3% greater than 4ismand.ad.
Transportation norms fot the first half of 1949 *ors readhed
by railroads, water, and InttIrottve transportation. Data on fulfil-
ment of *is pion are as follot!t
to- , river transport .108%
RR freight loading trn local automotive transport 102%
..time .of wagon circulation _ International aut. transPcrt 110
net tot-UM
Approved For Release 20
83-00415R003800010014-3
SIM
24
3
25X1A
Approved For Release 2
In the field of for
was reached in import
5 months of 1949 the
rolled steel
ray metals
coal and coke
superphosphates
pyrites
apatites
grain
fish
earned meat
butter ard lard
P83-00415R003800010c
the increase siptelf
s and food product
Alg items were imported:
14-3
In expecte
to export to Western
irr items,47bta1 valu
agriculture and forest
oils and grease
mine products (except e
loam and stone
nnehines
eleetrotechn. products
precision instruments
P'ehemical goods
rubber products
glass products
eellulose and paper
textiles
metal products
musical instruments,
products, furnitrre
miseellaneons
73,000
22,000
40,000
35,000
4,000
6.800
small
rmeny
?
West
to the Sovzo
n Gar
ieultural pro acts
and grease
and steel
hines and metal pr
be
teals
products
text 3.L0$
graphite
m, and
id 90%) (3.0%
J. d, Belgium
4,1-1:y1 Bulgaria, Firl d,
Nil
:fr,T-41y, Sweden, Folane
Irrviry, Denmark
y pral:e
l)
aye
Approved For Release 2904/0
46' 'Et
irtrsoral trade, the
fn-e the end of thls
reit 171 million plv
75,000,000 DM
41250,000
2,940,f)00
7,1471500
5,000,000
1,900,000
6,400,000
5,850,000
1,000-1000
6,100,000
6,900,000
30,110,000--
2,000,000
/ ;4
d by the
In the
25X1A
on offered
tl #0110w
hand is p1arrtn to deliver
8,100,000 DM
2,490,000
69,300,000
63,100,000
5,000,000
-42,016,000
6,045,000
525,000
DP83-00415R003800010014-3
1
4.?
144
Approved For Release 2 if : 1A-RDP83-00415R0038000100114 3
The Simon expressed else willingness to conelude an
additional trade agreement t teplying West Sectors of Berlin with
commodities, the total value e-4' eh 'eh world exceed 80,000,000 DIt
briquettes
fuel wood
other wood
coniferous boards
re:Mee'
sleet_
peeler:1F
cement
window glass
hay and straw
vegetables and !reit
12. GeneralCiele*_ZIreWeje...etiel r,orzon QOtC
The enclosed enclosed filmes ;
economic development of the T-
promises further and quicker
developments will be vie:ken-J-3
the first half of 1949, especi
economic cooperation with Teee
oracles. At the same time tee
dependence of its economic dee-
of Western Germany, An additi
orSovzon economy will be the
basis experiences gained In
principles, a fact which is Te,
fulfilment and overfulfileent
by the spirit of oompetition,
industries. A widening of Oh!
spheres of economic life Fill
Competition in the ece
n, bet also the generel eiv
costs, and production of good,
attainment of these goals wag
half of 1949 has already show-
Favorable results wars
better the lot of the working,
the working masses is reflect
ed. bets lead to the assertion that
Tr,F1 is steadily going :ahead rind
Ter-lees. The tenpo of economic
be the economic aceomplishrent in
9.1y in the establishment of lively
relart? and other peoples' demo-
nevzon is freed from the present
eleenent on the politioal flueteations
enel factor bearing on the development
emelementation of economie pine-ing on
49, This planning is based or sound
rhe out by prodettion figuret. The
of the plan was strongly infleeneed
ehech at first included only the key
s eperit of competition to nelude All
elettlestly produce important results.
eor aims not only to raise the produc-
e efel.ciency, lowering ef proOretion
oe eetter quality. Althoegh the
thet!ated only this year, the first
ireortant gains.
realized in the conseieus eneeevor to
peeeletion. Material improveeent of
_
25X1A
1/ The growth of wages by ea.2(Y. In the first half of l9 LP the
average hourly wage wa a.1.-1 or 216 DM nonthly, Th ie eompares
with the present av rage ofel,O4 r7 hourly or 259 DM monthly.
2/ Lowering of wage and endeenert (e) taxes by ca.30L
3/ Lowering of living costs -7 ea.1510(
4/ Increase of rationed fool
by ca.20%,
51 Gradual lifting of the rt
potatoes, vegetables, frnit,
itel5 and of other hasie ?Aojities
-'ri-g of food and othee ertielee like
-11-2eleng materials, etc.
? it
Approved For Release 2604102/19 : 1A-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
Approved For Release JJO4O
Data enclosed in this
making a concerted effort in
of the following basic econo*J.
1/ Peaceful developMent of -M-
.
2/ Raising of the people's s,
13.
CP 0011.AilUi
agriculture and forestry
agricultural product::,..,
mining and metall4gy
products of mining 1rldus'Ir7
Iron and steel
iron and steel products
machine construction
electrotechrical product!
chemical products
raw inorganic product
chemico-technical prD lot -
wood and plastic produc43
processed wood materils
paper and cellulose
consumer goods
textiles
foods
utility supplies ?
SOURCE: *Statist-
REP83-00415R00380001
prove that the Sovzon is
ecticn of steady rsalizail
cies:
10014-3
ctive sphere of activitY.
of life.
d) S. BRONT7
Trade
to C
25X1A
it i
7.3%
5.5
70.4
23.7
0.9
3.6
3.2
5.6
.9
1.6
24.9%
22.2
56:9
22.0
22.1
1.9
0.5
0.2
5.3
3.5
0.4
1.4 2.3
440 1/I
944
41111. 11 OE
0.4
8.7
0.5
6.7
Alf 11110
Total 100.0 106.0
he Praxis"r 1949
Approved For Release 2
4.5
36.6
0.7
2.6
4,2
0.3
3.7
0.7
4.4
2.4
0.3
42.8
40.8
13.0
7.3
1,9
14.2
9.3
1.7
r!CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
Approved For Release 2
PPENDIXJO
countrY
Europe
East European democracies
USSR
Poland
CSE
Yugoslavia
Other Peoples' Ropullics
Marshall Plan countries
Bolgium-Luxembourg
Holland
Switzerland
Scandinavia
Austria
Other European countries
Non-European countr4
Tott1
25X1
P83-00415R00380001001
_Irade Acco d txi
190)148
96.6% e2,7%
55.8 7,0
_1.5 .42.0
0.0 -24.1
5.9 9.6
2.0
0.3
40., 21.7
5.1
6.4
1.2
3.6
3.8
1,7
12.4
9,0
2.7
15.5
0.9
SOURCE: "Statistizehes PralO4 rr?,,r 1949
APPINDV WO. 3: $ovzon T t
This appendix lists various cr
with the Sovzon in 1949. Mel-
Poland, Sweden, ?inland, Fillw
land. Since only the over-4411
is listed and sires these fsci
property, they are not hcre
AP7E1UEL2&2:
Agencies
4
A
3
Court
98.9%
18.5
Ma
5.9
c;.c:
1-0,4
2.6
7.1
4-2.8
0.2
10.3
4
99.4%.
75,0
untries which concluded trade ,:f.7.reement
rt-, Holland, Bulgaria, Denma7-k, Norway,
Czechosloval4a, ar F,witzer-
e of imported and 'exportitd goods
4ire a properly publicized mblic
VILILT1
4 of 194-9)
=mat=
ions of rmo
t f
A. Gernan Economic Commission (r
1. Administration and sec7i4.
2. RV for Pinances
3, HT for Communication
4, HV for Post 4,Te3egraph
HV for Poreign t Interzo-
6. HV for Reparations
7. HT for Metallurgy
8. HT for Machine Constmct,-: gmctrotechr.
9, HT for Trade 4 Supply
10, HV for Agriculture & PoN
11. HV for Coal Industry
12. HV for Energy Supply
Ter
2.86
2,368.80'
1,297.00
488.3t
0.55
Approved For Release
+kw WO
49.62
0.26
2.6
5C090
75.54
4';*11
2,769.48
1,047.0r;
2e8.38
401.45
1,034 74
216.16
89.1C
.169.21
122.96
191.21
.7.65?
P83-00415R003800010014-3
if?
B.
C.
D.
E.
Approved For Release 2004/02/19 :,,CIA-RDP83-00415R00380001001
ARPncifes Income vjarymara
-3
13. HV for Chemical Indust
14. HV for Light Industry
15. HV for Supplies
16. HV for Economic Plann ng
12. HV for Tineral Industry
18. HV for Technical Exp3ri1taeion
19. HT of Health
20. HV of Labor & Social InsuTane
21. Central Statistical Oftiet
22. Central Control Commission
23. Commission for Protection of
cats.
?party
German Administration of Publ!c Fehools C9E.64
Totta
German Administration of the 3ntprior (GAI) 17.03
German Administration of Juet!oo 0.03
Institute for the Study of Sotiai conomie
Quilst= rs
Total
76.83
179.86
8.90
5.40
0.61
0.06
0.03
PIP
IMIP?
PO
Grand Total
APBNDI NO. 5:
1.Peop es
.A.Pretsentation
2.A4ministration 6.5
3.Domestic Affairs 31.4
4.instice 38.2
5.Public Education 73.3
6.Social Security
& Health 255.7
7.Agrieulture &
Forestry 283.8
8,Industry &
Communal Economy 252.5
9.Trade & Food
Supply 15.3
10.Communications 20.6
11.Postal & Telegraph
Service
12.Finances 615.6
13.Taxes 1,121.43.4
Total na27:1
41.4
40.95
1.21-6
301..4-e
1.89
4.14
23.34
7.75
1.51
6.1
8.88
267.23
1.20
4,657.86 7,126.46
25X1A
of DM)
Cities, Adm. 'If s-
ecurities trOl
OPP PM
or this total:-
a.State Enterprises 182.3
b.Investmen s
an
Balanc
Against
oak
OPP
7.7
?OP
7.7
61.6
464.0
525,6
433
370.6
270.3
640.
38.2
82.6
1.2
83.
103.0
780.6
127.2
907.8
256.4
840.6
9.3
849,9
.9
2e6 ? 7
356.0
123.0
4794
702.2
424.8
1,857,4
2,282.2
15.6
15%9
169.2
365.1
17.6
138.0
1,047.0
1,185.0
48
488.4
mi
288,4
2E8.4
2
2,984.4
425.0
2,769.5
194.5
4
OP
4
2
5.1 ,2,417.4
7 4 1,839.3 1
494.c4
004O/19,: 0179 11,985.1
P.' r
ii
;
Approved For Release 2064t6124q0.-CrA-RDP83-00415R0038n19914-3
karinaajlas.At 12.14122,112.ir
_24,0-12L-Ja.f.2
The German FOOnomie Conmilica (DWK) on 30 March 1949 rati_fied
the economic plan for 1949 at !lac t, the following goals:
I/ /KDUBTRT
Total industrial product!. ,n or the Sovzon in to be raistd in
1949 by 16%.over that of 194!i. Cuecessful ex cution of thik plan
will be assured by:
a) Greater quantitative and 7.ua1tative production because of better
industrial supplies and becsulAe ,-)f- economic cooperatiDnuith the ussa
and with People's Democracieel
b) Better utilization of elleti-4 means of production:
a) Investments aiming at bet-lr 0,ilieation of existing prcduction
means and at construction of ew enes:
d) Better supply of populetif,n y,ith the necessities of life:
0 Better work efficiency sele teielopment of the work activist
movement.
Raise in production in 1r- expected in the fellowine
industries:
1. mining
2. metallurgy
3. machine construction
/4. electrotechnical industry
V
6./ precision tools and optic
chemical industry -
stone, ceramics and glat inultry
wood working
textile industry
leather, shoes, tobacco, - ilif,nery articles
cellulose, paper, printLfl ar';icles
food articles
13. resin production and tatileg
14. electrical energy and gar
II/ AGRICULTURE AID FOFESTL:
The 1949 economic plan at
cultivation, raising of yie1.6
raising the number of cattln.
the raising of yield per heat
The 1949 plan calls for
most important agricultural
beets, oleaginous plant, fae
cultivated area will beco7e I
7.
8.
VI 9.
10.
11.
12.
Approved For Relea
,!1r enlarging the total area under
per 'lectare, improvement of seed and
Titl most important of these 'pals is
.re.
v3ater yield per hectare of the
r.edqIts like grain, potatoes, sugar
'x *nil hemp than in 1948. Total
lrte by 31,000 hectares by th71 1949
rCIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
rl
,
4
Approved For Release 2004/021149?1A-RDP83-00415R00380
harvest-time. The area andv oLitivation will be divided in the
following manner among the, ix croper
1. winter crops 1,780,300 hectares
2. spring wheat and siliqu 1,1sats 1,109,700
3. potatoes 818,000
5.Poot fodder 398,000
4. grass fodder
228,000
6. sugar beets 218,000
7. vegetables 117,000
8. spring oleaginous plants
9. winter oleaginous plants glItgg
10. fertilizer plants 31,000
11. flex and hemp 27,000
12. tobacco /0000
13. others
total cultivated area
In planning the 1948-9 special stress AWE laid on
spring planting. As to 'eel arcluction special attention was to
be paid to the oleaginous, lit7K hemp, sugarbeets, and fodder-
producling seeds.
The program to bring nut arias under cultivation calls for
titilization of 50,000 hectat, n7 fallow ground and reclamation of
additional 57,500 hectares.
A large growth of farm ,thivapia is expected by theplan, especially
of pigs. End of 1949 is ext(i to give the following picture of
the farm &flimsier
horses
livestock (except horses)
cows
swine
sheep
1!.48
--34,600 'Goo
2,379,400 3,180,000
1,23.,600 1,330,000
2,613,200 3,000,000
723,300 894,010
With the production gro4tn titain the machine and chemical
industry, agricultural indwrsry is in a position to supply farm
machinery and fertilizers. :1 cddition to the tractors and other
'farm machinery supplied by the VAZ:RI it is planned for 1949 to
produce locally 500 tredTTA-4 an4 Dther machinery and farm tachine
parts of the total value of 59,073,000 DM. This number of tractors
in 1949 is to be greater by _,;(1.51 lver the precedini year.
In order to assure the devela;;lent of new farms it is planned
to build 28,150 farm homes, stables, and 17,500 barns; total
sum of planned new farm buiaitincJ -- 72,900 DM.
The plan concerning forutr- ,zalls for cutting of 13,000,000 m3
of wood (compared to 17 3.15,r in 1948) and for reforestratim
of 40,000 hectares.
'
Approved For Release 20 / 2/19-': ' IA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
-
4*,
Approved For Release 28 -R6P83-00415R003800010014-3
ir
III/ COMUNICATI1N
The 1949 economic plan
than in 1948.
The expected norms for tra, vg o s types of transportat
(Compared to 1948) are as follows!
112% greater tral
25X1A
portation
daily freight loading RR car
passenger service rsserger
repair of locomotives
repair of freight cars .eo-
repair of RR passenger cars peer
time of freight car
circulation aays
average daily run of
freight locomotive
average daily run of
passenger locomotive km
river freight transportatiou 1,000 t
repair of self-propelled
river craft
repair of barges
motor freight transport
passenger auto transportat
repair and construction of
roads
repair of large bridges
ioce
liecte
.1000 t
assenger
'7)00 m2
niece
EFeovtion of
1948 Aar'
13,681
916,770,000
59584
8.281
6,465
4.62
194.1
235
7,829
1,121
1,482
46,657.7
71,325,000
6,670
114
on
?i191' 194:9
15,800
920.000,000
5,630
69.900
6.602
4.3
205
260
9,000
10170
"555
52,000
75,100,000
6,000
150
IV/ INVESTUENT
Investments are planned f3r all economic branches; industry,
agriculture, communication, t1.7rt lonstruction, social insurance,
.education, etc. The investmnt 31M will be divided as follows;
20% for construction of new lorts; 19% for cultural and social
construction; 49ft for fores aJriculture, transportation,
postal services and industry atd 12% for miscellaneous economic
branches. 57% of financing investments will be from? public
budget, 31.5% from current ;innrti7ation and 11.5% front long-term
credits.
Among the most importan
following should be mention*, ,
rd Mines,' Kreis Lebl
Erika Briquette Factory
New established anthracite t-al in in Doberlugk-Kirchhain
Zwickau anthracite mine
Werminghof establishment
Werminghof briquette faAory
Approved For Relea A-04219I:C1X-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
fie investment projects
Approved For Release
Mansfeld cooper mine
Riese steel works
Unterwellenborn iron smelting Alrte
Chemnitz automotive works
Zwickau automotive works
-el-Enlargement of Zeiss & Schott Aorki in Jena
Shipyard "Warno" in Warnemeendil
Shipyards in Stralsund
,--Oberschoeneweide transformer f;ltetty
Brandenburg tractor works
Thdringische Zellwolle in Schws,rz
Auto tire faetory "Deka" in Xefsehendorf
014glialiForestry
4:11
Canal iaprovements
Reforestration
Public farms
Farm machinery
Fishing
Port enlargement end improveme; t
DP83-00415R003800010014-3
bOt University, Berlin
Leipzig University
Groifswald University
Rostock University
Technical School in Dresden
Academy of Selliattes
Academy of Administration Bei11CUI
Berlin Museum
Volkstheater
And several million DM for talat;ers in Berlin(Staatsoper
Komische ()per, etc) and in otter large cities.
25X1A
a,
Mlep :reraltinr:14
0,,
netrue
new aeartments C ustrial centers --
each apartment 52 m- in size. 'i';repse apartments are to be dlvided
among the various industries Li ,ollows:
1,000 apartments for use of worters in coal and energy
1,200 " II It St ft " metallurgy
1,300" le it St st " elleMiCala
1,500 n el e 1 ti " machine construction
Another 18,850 apartments w,71 he regained from damared build ngs.
Thanks to housing control ante,hee 50,000 will be added (??).
Reconstruetion of eities wiL prleted in the following order of
priority: Berlin, Potsdam, i.,ipzig, Dresden, Magdeburg, and Wismar.
T
?
1 A x
Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
Approved For Release
ETH
In 1949 there will be 16
mostly to TB pati Nuab.r of
be doubled and amount to 17,13(Y)
of the FMB will be raised
number of state physicians rill;
industrial undertakings there r
centers and 15 clinics. In Lrrtr
centers will be organized. r
larged from 5,260 to 7,960. rT1
in 1949. The investment plan a 1
tion of hospitals, clinics
GM- DP83-00415R003800010014-3
pital beds (to be ass
ospital beds in spa at'
Amber of hospital beds
990 to 56,670. During 1949
raised from 1,123 to 8,070.
'le organized 240 senitatiln
rural centers 600 new sanitation
of ehild cribs (T) will be en-
r of student nurses will be 6,335
for enlargement and new construe
to.
25X1A
VI/ CULTDRAL DEVTLOPMBNT3
The most important piens
as folio's:
Number of schools in 1949
number of students
Of these, number of elemer
number of students
Trade and general schools
number of students
Planned number of new speei
number of students
Number of new elementary so
Students in trade schools
Students in special trade s
College students
of these will graduate
Number of university studen
of these, will gradrate
New students In higher echo
Number of people's universi
neuter of students in 1
will be raised in 1949
Students in teachers' senir..r1
Students making first exam n.
Second exam
Number of kindergartenswi.L.
'Number of orphanages will ts;
272,700 ehildren vi1l be adre_t
will be laid an enlargement
of factories and industrial 1,ndert
1 dowel nta in 1949 are
sehools
'1 lt7:..dents
13.49
n tovzon
144.9
will be raised b
Investment
ereities, h
s. In ed
al center
plants and
n calls
schoolm
on will, t
elubs and
n technics
3,185
712,000
11,257
906,000
1,232
64,5
2
30,990
7,000
4,500
16,000
104,700
1,2
27,4
44 to ttMi
147
1216.500
151,100
9.410
12,680
3,975
al 5,340
27
teacher trai
god by 800 to
by 775 to tot
kindergartens
of kindergar
figs.
etion and co ru tiIn
ry schools, nouns nd
d in larger industrial
Number of libraries in
ill be enlargmd.
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as
nity
of
plan
ndus
r.
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VII, immuna OF 1949 MOP?
.
Produetion growth will 't,c
meat important consumer goof
their quality, Zn 1949 there
for peeples ROSA, 52% mrt
bed linen, and 45% more furr
The people's food situat1
SuceessfUl fulfilment of apt
regular availability of ratir-
also special rations for in0
in the "free stores* (HO) 0*
supplementary items. Supply
imports from the Soviet UhiPt
Although meat supply is st11:1
merkedly improved in conrecti
per heater's
VIII/ FULFILMENT AND COVTROL oF TNO-YAR PLAN
1/ Objective of the DW R mil] be development of directives f'or
various Hauptvervaltungen azie for Linder administrations. Proper
direstives guaranteeing fulfilment of the Plan will le isserd.. DWI
s new working on instruetitre ained at highest poss prfits of
Olkseigene Betrlebel contiteity of plan fulfilment and proper
system of distOibution charte:eritA by simpler and *beeper means
et distribution.
2/ DIX system will enlist I4or wide working masses, tectinieIafls
engineers, farmers, and scisr:1st!,?
3/ Successful implementatict or the plan demands:
a/ proper utilization vf ra-4, Aaterials, energy, weans of
production and working power;
b/ proper utilization tf 1i7dntments and other financial
e/ raising of work effie*Arn,71, in Volkeeigene Betriebe:
d/ utilization of reservt mlterials and improvement of quality
of produced goods.
4/ It is necessary to support initiative in craft isdustries and in
those private undertakings stove products come within the objective
of the plan.
5/ Proper DIX and Linder, oicea are obligated to control constantly
fulfilment of objeetives assignee by the plan. Secretariat af DWK
through the DIK Planning Office to take all measures to iaplement
the plan.
6/ Plan for the sec= year llt,) Two Year Plan, i.e., for 1950, is
to be submi!ted to the DX Plow* by 15 November 194ot.
T
P83-00415R003800010014-3
Or STANDARD OP LIFE
accompanied by gradual release of
frm rationing and improvemen-, of
win be 145% more textile products
3boeu 50% more stockings, 1401 more
..then in 1948.
,Dm 17111 he greatly improved in 1949.
cultural plan for 1949 vill guarantee
red and supplementary articlee and
strial workers. Also, through sales
people will be able to secure other
't fats will also improve thanks to
one, nrom People's Demetracies.
too small, the fat supply will be
'LI -with projected raisirg of r_eid
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C. Economic Sitaion jone. of Germany
Content!
1. Basis of Western Gorman 1ncirn.i Ppliey
2. Importance of Employers and Inlustrialistst
Associations
3.
4, "Demilitarization" as an TL.
German Competition. 26
5. Seizure of German Indust r by A g o-Ame i an Monopolies 28
6. Hidden Reparation 29
7. Economic situation 30
8. Analysis of Bisonal Itatitles 31
9. Development of War Indust tes lr Western Germany 32
10. Foreign Trade
11. Food and Agriculture 37
12. Transportation and CommlinIcati n 39
13. Economic Crisis 41
14. Unemployment 41
15. Rising Gulf between Prodrrtir and Consumption 43
10. Symptoms of Financial Cri5II 41
17. Lowering of Living Standerd 44
18. Growth of Profits from Ctpital as against Rise of lag.
Incomes
25
25
Real Meaning of "DocartellzatiDnw of German Industry 26
-sent for Eliminating
19. Combatting the Crisis
20. Investments
44
45
45
21. Introduction of Force. 46
22. Emigration Overseas 47
23. Economic Situation in thr, French Zone of Germany 4i7
24. Tripchambrikeigmettlimoiptdv CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3 46
25 Titles of Appendices 49
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1.
&WO Of Wtotter.q. giotrt11112,220,1122.1i1X
Judging from data eveilai)le to date, the eoon ice policy
of Western Germany appears to te based on the following guiding
principles:
I/ Strengthening of the capital tic system and through it attraction
of Western Germany into the orbit of capitalistic exploitation ,
placing it under the influence oftnglo-american financial and
industrial monopolies.
2/ Subordination of Western ?Man economic developments to the
immediate material and polit_cal interests of the occepation powers,
espedially those of the United $tates.
3/ Preservation of the Germer industrial war potential erected to
support the last war at the expeene of peace-time industria pro-
duction which eould eventually suceessfully compete with the
industrial production of theoccupying powers.
2. Imuortance of Ersplo1lerr_!__Ind du
In order to conselidate the capitalistic system, We ern
occupying powers enlisted close cooperation et former German
industrialists and financiers and are protecting their interests
and making special concensionl to them. Thanks to this support,
representatives of German capitalism and industry are now controlling
the Whole economic administratior of Bisonia and have a majority
in the administration of all important offices, industrial
associations and economic commissions. Thus at the present time
the Western Germaq cause is -represented by the same property classes
which formerly sewed the caue of littler. They are directing the
oconollic lif? of Western Germny' in accordance withthe indtruction
Of the empowering authorities. This is easier for them to do
because of their common interests.
In eppositton to the association of employers and
in(lustrialists, labor unions are purposely disorganised and
weakened. With the help of propaganda, Allier orgarizational
diversion and plies action, attempts at organization of labor
movement by class-conscious labor elements are neutralized. A
cress example of the influenee of German capitalists La the fact
that they managed te secure permission from Occupation authorities to
declare payment of dividends for the 1940-44 war perftod, even by
those firms whose sole income W45 from satisfying the German war
needs. In order to avoid losses the dividends were paid after the
financial reform.
Political orgenisat'on of employers end industrialists,
the rWirtsehaftspolitische losellsehaft", initiated efforts to
secure rehabilitation of industrial magnates, war criminals who'
served Hitler, Krupp, Flick sid Roeehling, and is still very
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active in thi end?avor. i n4et of Schacht shcws beef the
power of their influence.
3. ailmtkiank2L-L-M--11--ID,r12*.z i Ge
According to the pol!ly o'7 preservation of the capitalistic
system "dseartelization" and :!_quidation of the excestive con-
centration of German industry -las still not executed In compliance
with the Potsdam agreement. :".1 the contrary, Weetern ocoapation
powers utilized the shield of Ideertrtelization" and "deeentralliation'
of the German industry for tho pw-lose of its subordination to,
and its delivery irto the han(s Anglo-American monopollets.
According to officially published data the gigantic Rhi e-
tphalian Coal syndicate wnp suo0sedly dissolved. Actually it.
onl d t firrt an "Ferth-German Coal Control" and later
1 (DKBL) and does tot differ from
4" either in organisatienal
in enlargement of its control
Coal Syndicate" and the "Brown
in eontrols of DKBL is that of
Agher technical and trade
eine owners.
We
was as "Deutscherename
Koh at
the "Rhine-WestPhaliat Coal 51:-1
Ottuetrre or in personnel, be
wil!ch now includes the "lower
Coal Syndicate". The decidlnr
mine owners and representativrs
adrinistrations subservient t!
In the smelting Indus
elite,.s and trusts, such indu
not formerly exist even In pr
supervisional administration --
trust was created; it control,
Western Germany almost in tato.
by eight war coneerns, namely-
Mannesmann, Kloeekner, Hoe s&
Rhine-Westphalia Coal lyndioata.
capital control of the Ruhr I,
mentioned "Deutsehe Kohlenherlba
Office for 1*Ilmelting Industry"
lader the cloak of dissolution of
concentration took place as did
Germany. Under the mask of
smelting industry a gigantf_e
smelting and metal industry of
,t ear's end the R,Jhr was controlled
einigte Stahlwerke Flick, rrupp,
lel, Hermann Goering Werke, and
t present the administrative-
atered in two organs, the above-
Leitung" and the "Supervisor,/
A similar situation ixists in the heretofore greatest
German concern, I.G. Flerbenitlastrie. In accordance alth the
decision of the Control Cunei]., 1G. Farben was supposed tc have
been dissolved. In practice, however, the institution created to
liquidate I.G. Farben, the eo-called FARDIP (IG-Farben Dispersal
Panel) not only did not disaolee !Arbon but strengthened it by the
Infiltration of foreign capita arid association with the American
monopolists "Dupont de NOMOU7S" and "Standard Oil".
The developMent of weitern German economy along the lines
of monopolies and trusts did -tAt raise the living standard of the
broad masses, but it did asiure ntxlmum gains for the monopolists.
4.
gemOOtiti
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In the Soviet Oecupt n Zie of Germany dismantlin
at tna3. 1iquidation'of war' In the Western Zones
mantling became a tool of German competition in the
domestic and World market. 1nt1ng was directed here against
production in which German e4tition-was a powerful threat to
American and English monepolis,. ThousaMs of the most modern
'Whines ware transported fres., We,t,rn Germany to England, France and
the "Crated States only ih *rife- to prohibit successful competition of
German industry. At the saint all German inventions were allocated
to American and English prodtc enabltng them to destroy competition
of German industry '711 many phelet of industrial production.
characteristie exam-4e of the policy of Western occupiers
is their view On the German Wateh-making industry. Before this we*
Ge ?man elvwmaking industry ttiled not only domestic needs but
alio had a very Strong export petition. As a result of dismantling
sceoMplished this year, this mlgt peaceful industry is no longer
eapablo of satisfying demestic revirements, and only with difficulty
does it resist foreign OmpetIti(t,n, in the.domestic market. Dig-
settlings within suCh world renbtn44 firms as Zunghans, Kienale,
Beeunle, Menthe and Ws.? r6moved 60% of most modern machinery. The
remaining outdated machinery marke,!ly raised production costs and it
stOpPed the return of cheaply oricsi German watehes to the world
merket which is now in the hA P 1r the English and American watch
industry.
The Washington agr.4It of March, 1949, between England
and America *learty reveals t,rotuat objectives of dismantling
in the Western Zones. This agree ent destroyed among other things
the superior position of Gerriri Chetieal production and made Iii-
possible its competition witt thn English and American ehemical
indnstry and also opened the stie German market to chemical
goods manufactured by Anglo-IT:erean monopolies. According to the
WIshington agreement Bizonia is te tefminate production of synthetic
rubber, and all firms which blretelfore were engaged in such pro-
duction are to be dismantledth,4,7 year. In this manner the Anglo-
iAmeriean raw rubber monOpoliS tied for themselves great new
disposal markets.
Other plans call f
gaged in production of sy
heAnglo-American oil monoptl
is right of exelusive impalY
with gas, petroleum and oil.
antling of all industrial branches
gasoline and Oil. In this ease
want to preserve for themsettes
the hungry Western German market
ned also is the j,santling of the nitrogen firm in
0 p u, of caustic soda in tiewignhafen and a whole series of other
c teal establishments preeitoinll basic chemical and pharmaceutic
stthetancese Simultaniouily the f'rst dismantlihg list whicl, in-
Olui0d baeic war production f/Akes was reduced in Bisenia by 160
large histories, among them r fnundories, 88 motel factories and
7 tmelting firms(non-ferrout -net111). In the French Zone the
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dismantling list was reduced hy ,t 40 war industrial firms. At
the present time the Western Zones acknowledge annual steel pro
-
auction capabilities of more Ulan 11,500,000 tons. In actuality this
figure should read 16,000,000 tone.
Thus limitation of peace production is associ ted with
invalidation of limitations agreed to at Potsdam concerning pro-
hibition of war potential capshillt'es. Specifically it is now
permissable for the Western Zones nr Germany to produce heavy
machinery, heavy tractors, some (stopy metalowe), allutimum, ball
bearings and ships (300,000 tors).
In the I.G. Farben firms of "Anorgana" which produced ex-
elusiv ly.for the German war effort but which in postovai-ehahted
, thili production to-Withetin ritrns, machirery was dismantled in
1 May 1.949 because synthetic ff_bre production competes on the German
doesstie market with American cotton and English wool. Other
factorees of the same "Anorner9" rshtch produced poisonous gasses foo
' the Auswitz extermination caw, remain untouched.
5. Lti5mo-sr-th2-22zE
As a result of the constSous policies of the occupation
powers of Western Zones, Western' Germany became an area of ex-
ploitation especially by American financial and industrial mono-
polies. The above mentioned indtstrial eentrelisatIon indicates a
desire to gain a deciding inf17,7f,nce in centralised financial
and production monopolies. Trp ndministration and council posts
of these organizations are rtrrerented by deeiding interests of
American capital which had ()scanned very important positions in.
German industry during the 1914-73 period. Nattrally the Anglo-
imeriean backers placed it ths adainistration individuals of the
ir
awn choice, for examples H. ninkelbach, Director SO the 9i.peMOry
Office for Smelting Industry who before the war was elosely assoeia ed
with the American banking fir ll or Dillon, Read and Co. which had
investments in the German letehl G. Hellas, *ember of the
Supervisory Office for Sieltfng Industry, (rendition of the industrial
magnate Kloeckner, former 41r-tot:I. of the Deutsche Bonk and pre-
war confident of the Americer banking house of Kuhn, Loeb and 0o.;
Baron von relkenhausen, *esbe. or the SnpervisorY Office for
Smelting Industry, president i the banking house Burchhardt & to.
of Essen allied With the etre dr Banking CorporattOn.
In addition Americet oonopolists extend their direct,
influence over the Occupatint t,Jthorities through industrial control
agencties Which ars 'tanned by spresentatives of American capital
and industry.
The most attract ve abject for foreign capital is, of
enure*, the Ruhr Basin. PlAnned annual production or 150,000,000 t
of coal and potential produttor of about 15,000,000t of steel and
Iron gives an unusual prospect tr steady profits. An example of
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the attempt at oapitalistic poses sion of an important part of the
Ruhr industry were the conference of April 1949 between the
German and Anglo-American isdpetriallats. Goal of the conferences
was eventual organization of hn International holding company which
would assume control over sme3tirs and metal industries scheduled
for dismantling. This company was to have at its disposal the initial
capital of 750,000,000 dollarl. Production potential of the
smelting industries which thi,i company was to control was 8,000,000
tons, This raw metal was rot !:or lome,tic consumption but exclueively
for Western European war induqtry* especially that of England.
American objection alone deter.ed organisation of this company.
The binding London WA. 1-,atute formally delivered control
of the Ruhr into the Anglo-kw-lean hands; the objective of this
statute according to its contents is:
1/ Protection of foreign inter In the BAIT steel and coal
industries,
2/ Protect'on of all undertaki
invest:tents,
Present Ruhr control
not had by any pre-oecupation
authorities determine amounts
amounts set aside for domestic
all production and disposal pol
which there are foreign eaptial
t?orities have powers which were
rman control agency. The Ruhr
mining and production* prices4
edli and for export, and dictate
t les.
As one of the most imvortart tools of economic penetration
by American capital was the Bisonal financisl credit apparatus,
which remains under exclusive contrca of Ameriean financial circles.
Two banks which are most important to economic life, the Reconstruc-
tion Bank and the Industrial ntirrk, remain under the immediate
influence of American credit inttitutione. Through these and
through local banks associated *1471 them is created ever stronger
dependence of German industry a., .A trade on American capital.
6. Hieldenjeura4gAr.
Further exprersion of tern occupation policies is ,he
burdening of the Western German rny with important direct
financial and material demands. nedal attention should be called
here to the enormous occupation r!ost which grow from year to year.
In 1945/0 these costs amountdd o? billion DM, in 1944/47 to 5.2
billion, in 1947/48 to 5.8 billion. In 1948/49 the cost is agaf.n
to be 3.8 billion DM. It costs Peetern Germany one billion Dr
to cover the demanded obligation of si)pporting renegades, re
actionaries and law-breakers whd rerlse to return to their home
The occupaticli burden aTaunt.. to 40% of all budgetary
xpenditures of Western Germany lnd roximatsly 450 DM for each
member of the working population,
authoriasiddition to the ii.Aret oscukation costs the occupation
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purchase of German raw materia lo below world market prices and
Sale of their own products in Gorm000 at prices exceedirg the world
market prises. The basic Gomm exports are raw materials, the
most important of wtc_ch are: moo, wood, and ores. Theo constitute
approximately 65% of the total r7,:lrTA0 export whioh the Western
powers buy at prices about 30% lower than the world prices.
Simultaniously the Gerin Aarket became a profitable
ceiver of the products of Ocoupotioo Powers. The United States
in particular disposed of an important amount of their post war
surplus on this market. The lOooldoting commisoion foo disposal
of American surplus materials troounced in June 1949 the los o of
417.7 million DM. This loss wtoo aboorbed by the Bizonal economy.
Since the conclusion of hostilOtiee the United States has monopolized
the Woot German food supply. Me Wertern Zones found themselves
in a situation which was force O opon them, since according to the
ZEIA policies controlling interrotional trade i they were not allowed
to secure their food in the Nett advantageous manner, i.e., barter,
but had to buy exclusively for dollarm of which they had only a
small amount, The United !tat to goofy Western Germany coedit for
procurement of food including to thet_r credit calculations the cost
of granting that credit. AcooteOng to an estimate of seonomic experts
the impixtmmt import of food are raw materials was set at prices
10o20% too high. Details are ren tn other parts of tis report
which taken up the question of fr-velfn trade.
)10014-3
ra.e.
25X1A
7. 122.112Mig?litaltiao
After a sudden growth c
following the financial reform
checked and even went downward.
register a slight and seasonal po
of the expected seaoonal growth,
by about 4%, from 88 in May 194O
index for 1949 is as follows:
gabuary
February
March
April
May
June
Bizonal industrial production
loroary 1949, it was suddenly
OnOy in May 1949 did the industry
Odoction rise. In June, inotead
tho industrial index was lowered
to f4. The general indootriaO
81
PO
0 (3 days more thon tr February)
2
88
84
In June 1949 the production deel no was especially notioenble
in 4ndustries producing oonoumot-oo roods whose index fell fror
in May to 83 in Juno. In sepato-e :oduetriem the index fell as
follows:
textiles
paper
rubber
leather
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In the group of indutra1 tpt items lower production. hard
coal was notable. Hard coil e tion in June was 3.1 million
tone and in May e.35 millior n Coal mining for the first half
of 1949 amounted to 49 millier tots. Simultaneously also fell the
production (in comparison to 741 49) of brown coal (by 4.5
briquettes (3.8%) amounting tr: 216,000 tons of brawn coal and
45.300 tons of briquette,. The ,31ectrical energy and gas pro?
duction index fell from 136 te 177. The worst etagnetion ie evident
in the chemical and machine e-de,,,try. The low index of thEee
products is caused by an inehllity to find marts for them. Tome
growth was regietered by prtetion, optic and attomotive induetries.
A production rise was noted tlie building industry whIch, however,
is only a seasonal sign. Groelfte production gains aee in pig iron
and in steel. Production of iron in June tils 5941000 tons, of
steel 750,000 tons of ro1le steel $62,100 tons. Peoduction of
steel planned for 3une was in reility greater by 6.i% and of pig
iron by 5.6%.
8. Arasie of Bjon jt3tic1. Bizonal tetietics,
tallyboso referring tcTnugtia1 production ere to be
d with a critical eye. A great percentage of dtte eepecially
concerning the finisbe prdu?ts indestries, ate based on
estimates, since the latest f7-.ati8tiCs do not furnist quantetative
data. Therefore, it is tempt ng o estimate production of finished
Weis in accordance with av a'oLe production data of such raw
materials as coal, cpke, iror, stud, wood and synthetic fibre*
Since, however, the raw ttr !l were largely for etportli estimating
the production of finished pr' accerding to the production of
the raw materials will not be cee ct. For instance, production of
synthetic fibre does not necevearily guarantee Its finished product
In the couetry and, therefor, eetimatee of production of textiles
according to fibre productior ms e be very misleading* Often, in case
of lack of definite productfeee datl, the industrial index is computed
from statistical data on aseecieted industrial subjetete, for example,
work hours and prices. Such tr endex contains in itrelf great
errors since production per werk hour in comparison with the 1936
reference year has markedly f41-311 off and prices have risen.
'mother the new indices do nt take into coneideratien qualitative
differences between the preeelt and 1936 for ietanee wood soled
shoes produced now cannot be otpared with shoes many actured in
1936 but. are, neverthelesee counted as just so many pairs.
The most eloquent nee
indices is the fellowing o
statistice for the Amon were
went and for the British Zone
each using its awn statistioel t
statistics are for the whole
American statistical system. Ile
data of the British Zone in U.
the production index of BiZ07!.&
higher than if the old separeee
le of elasticity in industrial
Until the end of 1943
ed by American Military Govern-
s British Military Government,
el am. In 1949 the available
oni& and are made according to the
a 'mat of translating statietical
e American statistieal system,
el, falsely estimated to be 4.6%
statistical reports were made. The
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Western preset made a special -Itr, out of this and it was crticail
pointed out that the Bizonal peodeetion index was at least lee
higher than the actual industr al p-oduction if statistical
"correction" of British Zone etzi 13cordthg to the American system
caused such growth of the in*:e f 1? the whole of Bisotia.
A further example ot to propagandistic charecter of Bizonel
statistics is the statistic Ve erreng to shoe manufaeture. According
to the statistic 20.5 million ,eire of shoes were mantfactured in
1948. At the same time leatbre experts determined thee Bizonal
leather supplies, according tr the same statistical table, were
sufficient to produce only 9 eitleon pairs of shoes.
An important factor
indices after the financial re
reform took place a great pale
production statistics, becaue,
market charnels. As !OM as t
gainful market value, thes pee
the manufacturers causing a r,
ductior.
Tb the same extent e
elevation, lowering of the pi
it applies to the smelting ale
estimate present steel and ie:
of 1936. Western occupation ,
fact by reporting smaller prlfi
feeing the growth of ell profile- on
-ore as the fact that before the
of erodection was not oontainee ln the
it eas disposed of through black
le
reform caused establishment of
iretler was officielly registered by
eur;ent statistical growth of pro.
44 meet with artificial index
Jrctton index is also practiced when
steel industry. German experts ,
e proeuction in Bizonia at about e0e-
ltheeities attempt to pay down tele
lctien figures.
These few remarks ieetecte that Bizonal statestical deta
are to be taken with a large 4!*$ifn of salt.
9. DeT40.0moilt PL2LE_Laillar ies en Western Gemeee.
Careful analysis of eaeeern German economic development
and especially of the structlee rf production index discloses its
objective; reetual.pictere of erelo-Saxon economic policy is seen
to be primarily based on proteet,eon and development of Gorman war
industry. During the last seeserl months Western Occupation Powers
took special interest in the irrJr smelting industry. Until the end
of 1948 Western Oscupatian Peer demanded a,maximum export of coal,
wood and other raw materials. nesse exports were at prices greatly
lower than the world prices lelce greatly subsidised the reeepients
at the expense of the German leeeory. Bisons.' official statistic
for 3,948 showed greater prod ti of eleettieity than in 1936. alit
German industry still die not get a sufficient supply of electrical
energy. But unlimited energy fueely was granted to the steel and
iron industry.
1948 coal productier million tons gteater than in
1947. In spite of that, eose rtelening was not raised either for
heating or for general indtlitria urposes with the exc. ptien of the
smelting industry. Because or teems privileges there was a sudden
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growth in production of iron lad oteal in 'mosso of the initlol
produetion plans. According to estoblishod and publicized Bizonal
Military Govornmont pleas for the sweating industry, the fir,t year
the Marshall plan (covering tho porlod from 1 July 1948 to 30 June
1949) was to produce 6 million or of steel. But actually 7.65
million tons of steel and 6.26 miliion tons of pig iron were
produced. In comparison with Los s000nd part of 1948, the firot
part of 1949 saw the rills of otoel production from 1.4 million tong
to 4.3 million tons. Present !tool production rate is equal to the
annual production of 9.2 million tons. During the period 1 Jnne
1948 to 30 June 1949 steel production room by 106%.
This outstanding and one-eided growth of iron meltlng
production is made at the oxpenge of other industries, and evpocially
of eonsumer goods. In order to confirm this fact it is sufficient
to Compare coal supplies available tor other industrien and for
heating purposes. In 1948 t1.5 million tons of coal, coke and
briquettes were produced; of thil the domestic market share was
58.3 million tons, 8.9 million t,ons or 18% more than in 1947. In
gpito of this the doily pr*, tooted that "the coal situation" doos
not allow a full winter ration of eoal of 12 eentnarg. At the same
time various industrieg recolvod tiol same amount of cool as in 1947,
with the exception of the smoltoo indertry? which was given addition-
al supplies.
Appondices 1 - 10 i1.13 tttt the Bisonal economic
situation and developments.
10. rorelen Tradk.
The West Gorman fcpej1 trade situation cannot fail but
show its colonial and ?pecu1atLv onaracter. Germany is the only
European country whose foreign tmle in 1948 did not reach the pre-
was le'''. Trade policy Wire 10 under the guidance of the Joint
Export-Import Agency (JEIA) where tot deciding power in vemted ir
pspresentatives of American capital. They diroct German imports
and exports according to the Marrhall Plan, or, in other word,* in
accordance with the interests or Amoriean monopolies. As clearly
proven by statistics and by obsezvationt the United notes bars
reoestablishmant of normal triads relations between Germany and
Eastern and louthern Europe. IgiA forces Germany to buy raw
materials and food for dollars, ow though trade relationships with
countries of the People's Demoomaoios would allow Germany to buy
these items in the natural markoo of barter without using the dollar
medium. In this way Germany sutrers great losses by covering the
eosts of unneoessary transport and taoomes more and more dependent
On the U.9. finances. According to the import plan for 1249oJEI1
wisualixes imports valued at ono billion dollars. As of 31 December
1948 Bisonal debts caused by creOlt imports was 4 billion dollars.
By fording the German exporters to soil oxelusivily for dollar, end
prohibiting barter trade JEIA hoO artoficially. limited the AULe10-
of potential buyers.
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0014-3
Western German econoi' cd political circles are entirely
cognizant of the fact that thiT: policy has a retarding inflwence
on German export possibilitie. they continually streets that the
nuMber of countries which are ,ot capable of making their purchases
in Bizonia because of their laA of dollars is growing ever larger.
As is evident from thf, 4Love, *stern German _foreign trade
policy dictated by the Americv ak2thorities is incompatible with
the natural economic developset 'of German interests. American
monopolies confer a colonial cilaracter upon the whole Bizona
foreign trade pattern, In l4 only 36,0 of Western German ex-
ports was in finished goods, iA,:most 2/3 of Bizonel exports were
in raw materials, e.g., coal, :ton ore and wood. The following
tables of oompatison show the -!trctural difference between imports
and exports of Bizonia now auf1 before the war.
imports
Wheat
Rye
Flour
Sugar
Wool
Cotton
Wood
Crude oil
Iron ores
Fertilizers
Paper and Tar
4Apozts
P?
Wood
"ZlOm"
Hard coal
Cotton articles
Wood articles
Porcellan article.
Glass products
Machine tools
in
2c.)
11,J.
325,4 -325,1-;
-
18 '469
1?.-)2
194! %
iqt
2,734
751
7,061
4,04'4
Y.5
cr: ?
ib
.8
70
43
1,892
203
299
70
it
8.9
3.9
1.4
American monopolies t*,urposely make export or finished goods
from Bizonia more difficult bedante of their competition with
American industry. Through VIA they make up the lists of articles
rhose import or export is not desirable from the AneVioan Vint of
view. They hinder the develtrisent of peacetiMe industries manu-
facturing goods for current t-_,nsuription and for export. They wish
to preserve for themselve tYe exclusive production end trade rights
in these article.. The most AAiguent example of the structnral
changes in Bizonal foreign trAo is the comparison between the 4est
German export of machinery trAf and in 19,4 noon in the following
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.35
Mi.
t' $ 39 ASO
and leather machinery 59,40
wirers (?) 3740
1.tural machinery 14 0
ng machinery;oo 3
ive machines 7,470
sitellaneous machinery 71,390
Export of maehine y ir 1948 was only slightly mthan
10% of the 1936 expert. Present German export of machinery was
displaced by the Anglo-Americari industry. A contributing cause of
the non-competitive ttus of rttn export is the German high
production toot. -In analyzing ths elements of calculation of
Western German production, the ?10wing observations can be mades
wagee ,or_the_breed-working swa!leF re low and there is a great gap
betikten the wages of workers an4trte salaries of administrative
personnel, Western Germany is VA et to huge occupation oasts which
pa14 for by taxies greatly re14e e production costs. Further,
public financial resources art age to recompense the owners of
dismantled and war-damaged plerts. At the same tte shareholders
in many industrial undertakinpt are being paid a 6 retroactive
dividend for the 1940-44 war 'mars. Thanks to the Mk policy of
procurement of raw materials if! hard currency countries, especially
in America, their prices are hrAh. At the same time prices of
raw materials exported by Gerraoy are much below the world standard,
fora a wirtain-type of bidder reparation to the iaport countries,
and are divided according to preoisely defined quotas. A further
factor causing higher productAor costs is the high norm of
amortization and modernizatior of industry. All the stove mentioned
factors cause higher produce.ol *Gets.
As pointed out, the Low Bizonal wages are not at all the
important factor in production costs and do not deterrine prices
of export articles. Production elste are_highbecause of various
non-productive interest, enriching the German and iiii4dan monopolists
ane-matnteining-thir low wagea of Western German workers. It is
nIeY to register one other chareeteristie of the Gentian foreign
trade, namely the great extento smuggling. Lccordig to t e
G aocennted
for 1/3 of the- total 041 a eirl7;:litllt:n
estimet Atir?e,tfrn German ev7norists mull
lad-in-smuggling an, eecerdiD to evidence they were
7 citizens or Western occupation powers.
VI the field of BilinnaI exports the rivalry bet Wer the
American and English monopeliel it discernible. The conflict is
eitusid by the fact that seer of these groups wants to shape West
German foreign trade aeeording to its own interests, and these
sometimes are different or even contradictory. The tnited ates
consiOters the west German foreign trade a part of their own :foreign
trade. Aserioan monopolies have managed to control a very great
part of German industry. Attempts at financial control of erman
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)014-3
3,20.
4,460
1,220
4,380
3,710
2,250
9,770
14,440
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indultry have already caused direrenees of opinion between the
United states and England. Uglane, which does not have at hand
lugs finances as the United_ Itsteel views with distaste the American
capital expansion In Germany are of the opinion that the Utited
states should limit itself to tre ereservation or such capital in-
veetmente as were preeent befere the war. But the United States
deelared that it will continue ete eepital offeneive. It is pre-
cisely this difference of opitien eldch is the source (If the sharp ?
English campaign against the to-called German competition. Acutally
it is not the present German eeeperetion that England tears but the
AmericoeGerman competition.
The Tarshall Plan mo7evet the problem of competition by
forcing each -participating country to limit its production of goods
in which America is intereeted . ke,:ording to this scheme the
Weistern Zones are to pe ala feiret in mar indeetrier, and then
in the manufacture of theme g46,11r, ehich do not competee with American
goods even though they may comet. with Britieh produeelon. Englieh
monopolies naturally. teok adie-rev-ant position. They propoeed, for
instance, organization of a. nti eteel cartel which would control the
total Western Emeopean smelt ii dustry. According te this project
the Ruhr Basin was to supply tneeerglish war indultriee with iron
and steel. In understandable el/..interest American monopolies
preferred that this steel she. CA et utilized in the manufacture of
finished goods in those Weettee Gernan factories in wtich the
American monopolies are ownere. aee exploiters; the English proposal
wai therefore turned down. ii4;1igh monopolies worked out a
plan aimed at enlargement of ttlr export to Western Europe. The
American monopolies prefer to 71eo1 Weetern European markets with
West German products and their eerticipate in profits 'which aceree
from Western German low wage, eeelee. This is the rearon for the
very resolute policy of low vmge tuaranteeng greater profits to the
monopolists. The disagreemene between the English are American
monopolists stems from the ateemet to establish the eltres of spoils
acquired frees the German wortIrr ird the economic eubeervience of
the German worker!. Xmericar anr Fnglish differences fn the queetion
of economic subordination e eern Germany are all the more
interestng because they illv-teete the contradictory character in-
herent in the whole Marshall elan. In queetion here are rot only
the intereete of England and rica. Western Europe le threatened
by both variants of the PlareeTneieen and American--eila mtrangulation
of her industrial development- on one hand by Uglier produetion
and, on the other, by AmerieeleCerman. Creation of ebeteeles aimed
at stoppage of eetab7iehment ef antural economic and trade relations
between Eastern and Western eereee causes serious difficulties for
where
Western Germany and for other kerenallized countries. For as
the ettaBRI eteelq9P(Mie PhMf,eatiele O,17e;eetert GeriPPAY with other
Western EurcIptan eonntfIes forets them to compete w eece other,
ZeiturrEliMpe, hitt-been and wIU remain the heteriIii7erAit-fer
GeriMMrIlletwtriaIennetpUteerel ttle eapplier of Ni:tWn"110Perte of raw
,ehOarzfiniithed preacte, and f004,, 'OW of thia -
t7''-' -Parison table giviee eate of German foreign trade with
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Approved For Release 200
Eastern Europa for 19
6
02/19- bP83-00415R003800010014-3 25X1 A
Rumania
2.7
CSR
Hungary
Jugoslavia
2.1
Poland
1.7
Bulgaria
1,4
USSR 11
1.4
41.*
Total
13.9
Still more interes
pre-war German share in the
countries:
Bulgaria
Rumania
Jugoslavia?
USSR
Hungary
CSR
Poland
Ore
2.4
OP *Ilk
2.7
.99
1.9
136
2.1
.23
1.9
.03
1.1
.02
1.7
--
the pleura of the !extent of the
gr trade of the Eastern Eurcpean
The question of Wm.
whole of Europe sine* the' proe
dependent both on normal ard
and on utikisation and dispo.13
The new trade agra4-ter
calling for the exchange or lood
is the first serious attempt At
relations with Germany.
Data On German foreign
12 - 16.
11. P0o4 ard AtriptutVra
IA Oentootion with
Wm art, Germany is entlrely d
for data sea appendices 15 F
COmparativis data nr-
and 1938/9 are as follows:
ign trade is of
European sconce
European esonow
or German industry.
between %stern Ge any
valued at ovezmillio
eestablishment-W-nAtural
48,:
21
24
160
14
14
emit to tb
recovery is
devPlooment
de are enclosed in app
tion of food
dent on Ameriean
d Poland
dollars
trade
dices
that
tm;
state of agricult et in 194E/9
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Approved For Releasez,2004/q2/1,9 p CI -RDP83-00415R00380
break gral"
barley
oats
spring corn
oleaginous plAnt,
potatoes
sugar beets
podded, edible
podded, fodder
I1211.21E-.111.111.11Q?Ig
bread grains
barley
eats
spring corn
,
*Vol* fer
ole&g1.flQs
pots o
sugar beets
podded, edible
podded, fodder
liaLL2
2,44
1,164
106
rmr
24
951
148
13
77
23.1
24.8
23.3
21,4
./..re..0100.1P.1111Pgs
23.4
184.0
327.0
17.0
20.4
5,584
bread grains 1,71
barley 2,70
oats
spring corn 1
VAlal grain 17,492
oleaginous 4,770
potatoes 22
podded, edible 157
podded, fodder
cattle
Pigs
sheep
Oats
horses, total
horses, less then 3 yr
horses, more than 3 yr
chicten, geese, etc.
9,215,500
030100
? 800
1,14,10,?
447
1, ,7M
old ,700
old 10103,000
000
25X1A
0010014-3
"Lila
2,13e
'360
'87
166
1751
60
1,019
146
37
93
214
20.6
180';
19.'3
0
210.5
13.1
14.4
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Approved For Release
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io
d
9.
Railway communication _
pre-war level. Usable rail, aro
almost 95% of their pre-war stetus.
noted in renting stock as is aLlwt
beforewar
1 an 1948
1 Apr 1949
nearly restored to its
25,200 kilometsors or to
gnificant improVements are
the following tablo
lptaiRtkest allshi.tsta
9,000
6,725
8.150
Poo
Goo
500
PaisiWor AR tor,
0,000
15,700
17,100
In 1948 the railway hrndlad 175 million tons of freight,
of which 95 was coal. In the first half of 1949 transport of
freight amounted to ea. 83 million tons. Car circulation was im-
proved from 6.2 in 19448 to 5.2 dayr in June 1949.
On the other hand, the financial situation of Bisonal.
railways is catastrophic. Until the financial reform the.ma n
source of railway income was pasaanger traffic which ameounted for
75% of the instal income. Since than passenger traffic has become
smaller by 1/3 and income fray! pts-,anger traffic smaller by 2/3.
To regain these losses freight *mains tariffs wag* raised 40%
at the close of 1948* Passenger fare, already 50A highar than
before the war, could not be raiser& any more. Just the same, rail-
way income fell off 15%. Besalar of this deteriorating situation
45,000 railway workers were laid off in this beginning of 1949,
and, at the present moment, tr.e total figure of dismissed railway
workers is about 70,000. Bec&use of the financial crisis the
railways were forced to canoel their orders for rolling stock which
had been placed with German firms, and, as a consequence of the
mancellations, additional Gervan workers lost their jobs.
Because of the worearing situation in rolling stock repair
and procurement, railway experts see transportation difficulties in
*mating the expected autumr transportation demands. At present
Bisons' railways have a deficit of 440 million DM. This deficit
will be partly covered by raiLwav reserves (200 million DM) and
partly by acquisition of credits through suPseriptions to a 6-year
loan which enjoyed the approval ut occupation authorities. This
loan would bear 6% interest and would be exempt from tax. lub-
seriptions to the railway lOhn IVOTO the first post-war attempts at
allowing the broad masses to participate in financi German
economic life. This attempt was a total fiasco. Instead of tho
expected 400-500 million DM, the subsalptionaby private citizens
amounted to only gone 70 mil_ior Ai. The daficit (170 million DM)
was made up from public fund,
Data pertaining te the Vast German railway situation are
given in appendices 17 - 20.
During the last for weeks a group of American financiers
Initiated discussions with tn, (,iermian directorate of railways and
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Approved For Release CIPIC-FkOP83-00415R0038000100142?X1A
with the Bizonal economic d.irto3 ato concerning a grant to the
Bizonal railways of credit amel;, g to nearly 200 million dollars.
One of the credit conditions tsilr obligate the Bisonal railways
to buy a large part of their rollIng stook and other railway
equipment from America. The Aver1eans would also reserve for
thomselves the right of direct eontrol over rail operations in
order to rarantee repayment co' tilt credit and of dividends.
Following inersased port loadings in the first three months
of 1949, there was a marked teductioq in April 1949. Imports going
through Hamburg were reduced by 17.6 and exports ly 12.7%. Port
loadings fell off bocauss of doerenoed imports of ram materials
and fewer of finished producti . lualler quantities of wool, cotton
non-ferrous metals and petrole-um wers, imported; in exports lesser
amounts were registered in ffinisbed textiles, machinery and electro-
technical and pharmseoutical oreolotts. In May there was a further
8% port loading reduction. To Zotis. the loading VAS equal to May, i.e.
788,124 tons. Reductions we nvted in toast.' sea traffic because
of competition by Benelux poi. A further reduction of loadings in
June was eausod by the lifting of the blot:kat.. Loading of goods
dostinod for Berlin was 40,00C tvoq of grain and of goods frow
Berlin, 18,000 tons of pig iro ond 5,000 tons of sugar.
Cssoeh transit traffIti leas greater by 70%. It totalled
60,798 tons, including the import of 17,644 tons of or. and the
export of 11,000 tons of cooart, 7,178 tons of magnesite and
3,085 tons of sugar. -
Hamburg sea loading In the first half of 1949 amounted to
4,720,000 tons, which is sotowhat more than 401 of its pre-war
level. As a resilt of diminivhod port activity, Hamburg sow
rise in unemployment. The nrobor of unempleyod it June 1949 was
approximately 60,000 men anti s still growing.
The sea freight trait situation shows distinct signs of an
impending crisis. Lesser !loon traffic in German ports was caused by:
1/ Steadily rising utilisatin tf Benelux ports.
2/ Greater Bisons' railway foltight traffic.
3/ Competition of foreign water transportation, especially on the
Rhine River.
4/ Competition of truck trart;
In opposition to EeitbUr loadings in the river ports of
the Ruhr Valley show an upward 'swing. In first half of 1949 these
ports accounted for freight 1oad!-4.ngs of 4,577 tons as agaihst
3,594,000 tons in the first Ist1, of 1948. Most of this was
accounted for by growing transports of opal end pig iron. Loadings
of eoal were raised by 600 ,000 tons, reaching a total of 2,000,000
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Approved For Release
tons, and of pig iron by 105,
Water transports from the Buhr ee
foreign vessels, especially no
Sea transportation da-..
DP83-00415R00380001001L
to a tots
made almost
nd Dutch.
25X1A
-3
of 590,000 t'mas.
xclusiwely by-
given in sppendis 21
13.
EIMOLIATIAIL
The first half Of 1943 uas characterised by
ste* y growing erisis in the -nal economy. The
a1tip1ying symptoms of crisis *. _Rd serious unrest among
*congas circles. A flied and le Ian offiaial circles, on
tite
ether hand, still maintain thef_r erroneous views and attempt lull
public opinion by pointing te nuecesses reached in specific branches
of **oncosts life. They fail tn stress the basic symptoms of crisis
with the explanatior that thty are only temporary and incidental.
The reason for this position is esrily seen when we realise the
mIncemoun coi.responsibility of official German economic circles for
the cause of this crisis. I ell*racteristie feeling of German experts
is the opinion of the renouned eeonomist, Prof. Adolf Weber, who,
in a number of articles and 1. 'tures, proved the existence of an
economic eirsis in Western Germany. He foresees a further deepening
of the 'crisis if immediate 'Wig against it are not taken.
14. EgglallWient
The most charaoterist'te stgn of the crisis is the unemploy-
ment of 1,250,000 men, 10% of the :,tal working population. Tf7:
this number of unemployed ghnrld Iv added another 2,0001000 workers
who are employed only 2-5 dayr per week. In the Western sectors
of Berlin the :tine unemploymort figare stood at 190,000 men. The
unemployment pattern following the financial reform is as follows:
1948
June 415,000
July 650,000
August 765,000
!leptons r767,00C
October 72 WO
November 701,000
December 742,000
1949.
Strulry 93C,000
fttruary 1,038,000
Itar*n. 1,132,000
April 1,198,000
lsv- 1,215,000
Mtert' 1,240,000
Unemployment grew in &rnary and in March by about
100,000, in April by 60000, in av by 17,000 and in the first
half of June by 25,000. The 3esening of the tempo of growing
unemployment stems from seastrAl fitictuetioni. For the first time
since the last unemployment ertss in 1927/29 the months of April,
Way and June did not sharply Ardlee unemployment. The budget
the German Bisonal Bconou,.o Voll-listration took into consideration
this seasonal reduction of In,.moltyment and did not export the
number of unemployed in lay tr be above 4000,000 and in Obn.
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25X1A
'it !fa
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014-3
above 900,000, But in reality, not only was unemployment rot
reduced, it increased. In Jere even the unemployment tempo became
faster and, aecording to eeonnmic experts, it may continue to
quieken unlest some measures intervention are adopted.
Unemployment spread tlth geographically and from one
industrial branch to another. Until now, unomploysent was a
relatively minor issue in Wentobelia and in Hamburg. But in May
and June even here unemploymnr,; Ihean to grow rapidly. The un-
employment situation from a geogralhical point of vtew is as follows:
&LAM bar 1/49
Bavaria
Bremen
Hamburg
Hesse
Lower qamony
Westphalia
Ochlereig.Holstein
Wuertenberg-Baden
34? 1000
16,100
41,,t100
101,200
28;),400
179,500
166,600
1,215,100
348,300
16,700
51,900
104,900
286,700
182,700
189,100
/71100
1,2370700
The following table lhown that unemployment
all industrial branehest
agrieultur3
forestry, fish
mihing
stone and minerals
metals
toys & music initruments
chemicals
rubber
textiles
paper
leather
woodworking
consumers goods
clothing
barbering
building
Phles
*leaning
and theater
irks and hotel men
emeranication
housework
misc. helpers
1 A'Ag 48 1 Way 1948
21112t0
2,70
2.500
3, lit
19,30C
50
1. 600
40(
6,10C
1,100
400
9r100
140100
11,00
15,200
2, 300
00 1L
00
101414 00
2E 00
2q 00
45600
80
18, 00
6,200
11,400
128,100
3,200
4,200
1700
23,100
1500
1900
40,300
41,2.00
46500
10,100
87?500
4,900
3,600
me Up
27,500
86,900
53,800
162,400
ig extant in
Difference between
Way & April 1949
Jit ltsrVontafi*
00 . 5.4
- 2.1
- 3.1
1
418.5
416.7
421.4
410.0
416.7
421.9
412.6
4 5.3
416.0
4 3.1
.21.9
14 8.9
f4 9.1
4 or - 0
4 5.4
A 1.6
4 5.0
4 1.7
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?4
sts
stokers & mach
bureau workers
merchants
eineers &
terehnicians
minor crafts
laborors without
special skill
SOP
15,804-:
26,1o'
3512eY,
UnesPloyment which at rf.rs
industries producing consumer* good
of 3.949 throughout industries hi_oh
goods.
150 langta",16-3L--jr--IttAntl,..,..aggstatULAGILSamaittlialt
The difference betweer, prcduction and consumption has again
grown in May of this year. arnwtng production is accompanied by
falling consumption and sales. 2%txx Tho index of industrial
produetien rose from 82 in April to 87 in May (1936 ? 100), and
was evident generally in all trancbes of industrial production.
Tho lowest rise, 2.6%, was r4wIr4ed in investment production.
Production of consumer goods v)se ty 7.5%. An above average rise
was evident in tho processing f petroleum (caused by the dismantling
of synthetic gas and oil plant., and a eonsoquent large import of
An lo-American petroletm), in the tuilding industry - 20% (seasonal),
u *motive industry - 10% and vomiting . 9%.
16.gjaplaisnar a
Chiefly responsible
crisis is the Bizonal bank et
financed production without
Boum,* of thls policy newly
buyers. Bonitos* of diffieulti
Gorman banks complain of low f
with the difficulties of croor
for their goods, Bisonia regis
noticsablis growth of proteotte
protested checks is illustrate
25X1A
-RDP83-00415R003800010014-
6,700
198,200
28,800
46,500
55,900
442,6
was strongly evident only in
spread in the second quarter
produced capital and investment
January 1949
February
March
April
May
June
appearance and Ilration of the
policy, which until now exclusiv ly
any attention to consumption.
imloted goods could sot find
es in selling manufactured good,
luidtty of credit'. In connection
contractors who cannot find buyers
tired within the last months a
ch.okw and bankrupcits. Growth of
as follows:
trotosAvk
3 millIon DM
4.1
6,2 N It
5,2
5.47
6.3
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Growth of bankropeloF is us follows:
November 194F 16
December 1948 40
:anuary 1949
90
February 1949
208
March 1949
275
April 1949
285
May 1949
300
Tuns (;49
337
25X1A
17. Lowering co_fl=r,...MArS,-ATI
Together with unomploTment can be seen a marked decline
in the iving standard. In adlittc)n to the 1?_2504000- unemployed
who _mtr reeeive stite aid there are
about 3,00,O00 to 4,000,O.7hr, are affected by unemployment in
a lesser degree.Two mill .or Tlwr who work only two to five lays
a week receive proportionate t, lower wages and, together lalth their
fawilies, feel the offsets thc Bizonal economic depress on.
Because of lack of money abokl-': 4.6 million cannot buy even t-ne
food towhich they are entitle or their ration cards.
According to the Cologne Reonomic Institute, nominal wages
amount to about 392bil1ion DT Ithoh is about 21000 DM for each
working man. There is a wide cliff:renal bet-Wien industrial wages and
administrative salaries. Dueng the period of thie report equalisatiot
of wages paid to men and womel-= and to skilled and unskilled workers
-
took place. This equalizett wtis downward, thus establishing s
lower general wage level.
More important than namiaal wages are real wages. According
to the calculations of the flame Cologne Economic Institute, living
costs since 1938 have risen by 8100%, whereas the nominal wages
rose only some 30% (kppendiT- 24 gifts the rises in pries, of
various items.) ?
Higher living costs
wages doss not yet folly illo
1928 wages up to 180 DM were
wage earners, and-tow they as
of a great number of workers
of wages with living costs s-
60% of real pre-war wages; in
its and pensions real wages
total.
18
r?.omparison to smaller rises in
-trmte the falling living standard. In
:eV only to 10% of the total magma
-ant to 22%. This indicates a shift
to tbe /lowest wage scales. Comparkson
:Iss that present real mope amount to
thp case of individuals dependent on
*wont to only 50% of the pre-war
a a_
In opposition to tte wage earning masses, including the
great majority of the population, a proportionately small group
of intmotri?,11ista_and higher Adothistrative personnel allied with
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25X1A
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.4te
the industrialiets managed n otly to pre ?rye, but to strenethen
their incomes in comparipon 11!_-h tle pre-war standard and to gain an
unusually high standard of 1vng. According to statistics of the
Trade Unions Institute, wages In Mane 1949 accounted for only 39%
of total income as against 50 in 1930. At the expense of this
decline the income of industralists and capitalists grew pro-
portionately. This -increased ireame is clearly shown by the fact
that prices of finiihed goodn Taave risen faster than prices of
raw materials. Incomes of foreign monopolies play a serious role
which impede to ever stronger -.ibnrdination of Western German
economic life to the dispensors or foreign credit.
100 2,23bajilLSALSZWIL_'',
In order to arrest furtn7,7 unemployment and to combat
existing unemployment , the re,:rmen economic administration demands
immediate intervention, partfxtlsrly in the form of wide-spread
Investments.
20. Ineyetmente
The German Economic
sent scheme for the second yen.,
with the so-called "Longterm rs
1948 to 30 June 1952, foresee
Financing of these investmentr
a/ Domestic industrial funds
b/ Budget
e/ Longterm foreign credits
stration worked out an invest
the Marshall Plan in accordance
sr" which, in the period 1 Slily
stments of 27 billion DM.
expected to be covered by:
1.4 billion DM
1.86
5.24 ft
The occupation Powers madn acquisition of any investment
credits conditional upon exenited investments from domestic funds.
In accordance with this rule tie Inman Economic Administration
worked out a plan concerning t'le manner of *squiring tnvestments
from domestic finances. In im?lementation of this plan during the
period 1 July 1948 to 31 Janup-y 1949 the following gross investments
were wide:
1/ From investment industrief
Smelting
Machine industries
Electrotechn. industrfAis
Automotive industries
2/ From building industrief,
3/ From crafts
4/ From transportation 8:
sommupication
5/ From all other Industrie?,
Gross investments inLlude sums for upkeep and moderi z
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on
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of industrial plart. Inveetme,rts
means of a sinking-fund and verP
The other 6,000 million DY was ;o
investment. Theee facts werev.vesa
sceptieism. They questioned tv,,
overall picture, purportedly badly ,Rtorted by gigantic tendentious
sums. A ccording to the German plan new investments made werft
obtained from the following fr.r-4s1
his type were *am ed by
mated to be 5,000 million DY.
rated as an effective new
by the Occupation Powers with
he furnished data but also the
1/ Saving banks
2/ Insurance as-oiation
3/ social insurance
4/ Communal credit instituti--
5/ Postal money orders in
transfer
6/ lhort-term bank credits
7/ From budget
8/ Funds from private
industries
From Laender budget
investments
90
llion DM
TI
?
?
?
re mada the
house constructi'm 413,6 million DV
agriculture and forestry 64.8 "
industry 75.8 ?
gasworks, electr. energy p1aw,s1
waterworks rz.2
communication undertakings 7.l
ports, waterways, roads, bri411 .1
TI
Characteristic is till! Urge investment financing mad*
from the private funds of infrowtriel, This was made ossible thanks
to the Bizonal Economic Adminstrstion which reformed taxation
with the aim of encouraging invemtments. This reforM, on the one
hand., taxed all cepital fineness, and,. on the other, freed frture
profits from taxation for a n D
umber 11
J. years.
But the greatest effort to gain induetrial eapital was to
be made by means of greater lnintrial profits through raising
prices ofitnished products. 'En -this manner the invOtments are
financed from the soealled vrivate industrial sunsat the cost
of a lowered living standard of the working masses.
21, ZitgramitsgUILSZA
The proposal was made
unemployment compensation. 4!
will be called upon to porro,u
unemployment compensation.
to reform the manner of granting
rding to this reform the unemployed
greed labor in order to roe
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ralmailam2mtmLNL
P83-00415R003800010014-3
25X1A
Emigration overseas as t )1(1 another means of solving the
unemployment situation. Thi 1ut,ton had the backing of the
United States. MeCloy, Amerinv Cosioner for Western Germany,
coordinated thin pro;ect with a speeial commission of the English
House of Commons. Financ n oi th emigration project is to be in
the hands of the World Bank. rerident Truman asked Cohgress to set
aside the initial sum of 45 mi' ' dollars for the purpose of
developing the soacaled "baoirwar areas" of Africa and Touth
America. At the same time the jestern German press, inspired by the
United Itates, initiated stroN- ol-tpaganda for emigration to Afriea and
South America. Dr. Koehler, cLairaan of the Bizonal Economic, Council,
made public officially that s plea is being considered which calls
for the "emigration" of 6.5 ti_lion Germans, espeeially to Africa.
Designation of Africa as a goal of German mass emigration is not
an accident. After the fiasec in Joao, Africa became the main goal
of American conquest. The soaaessful march of the Chinese democratic
army forces the United "tater to loak for a substitute market from
which to draw their raw materls and on which to dump their surplus.
Quick incorporation of Africa iae orbit of American imperialist
exploitation is hindered by tick suitable qualified workers.
For that reason the United tte welcomes and will financially
support German emigration.
Illustration of methds of repression to cause em ration
was given by France. PreasTfirst applied to the Ge an
prisoners of war forcing them with hunger and heavy work to
"volunteer" for the Foreign Itg.otz. In this manner it was possible
to recruit about 150,00C Germans maw, were then sent to Viet Nam
where they in serving the trraprialist cause. The relatively low
number of unemployed in the French Zone of Germany it the result
of the activity of the Frenn lsr recruitment offices whioh
aesept all unemployed but capable Germans for work in France and in
Freneh colonies. The unemploy-ea still left in the Fk.ench Zone are
almost exclusively economicaly useless or overage.
23. 142A2111_21.111Ilan
ItilimsLagas_atJammant
he economic importrica of the French Zone of Germany in
comparison with Bisonia is ralatively small and calls for only a few
comments.
In spite of American and English politie l'pres ure, the
French Zone still avoids integration with Bisonia ae a single economic
unit. Announcements publieized in the Western prober about creation
of Trizonia refer onhy to lest Important symptoms of economic life
and are mostly of propaganda value. Actually the economic fate of the
French Zone is in the handl )f French occupation authorities whose
objective is the Zone's expoitation. In expectation of eventual
inevitabiT ity of merger wit,: Bi4onia, the French intensively apply
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the
Zon
of
uni
ren
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3*,
**
fa1.t aecoapli mthodo whoos
',Ietructure of own?rhI, a
e present area congtitut
catIon with P zonia. T'iH ac
al asgociationg. Pregent Frt_. h
Oun odian and administrator 0,
rents all Important indostriao
Joint 'took asgociations. fl! ee
exploitation of German induttoo
for an indefinite period.
240 ltia01.2011-121011110.
y thoroughly aLter the
e Frontal capttiI exploitation
ench Zone even after its
omplighed through the so-called
ilitary Government as a
Ascated German public property
taking and commotion! to French
tracts are made, longoteru Freneh
the present Freneh Zone 1-9 ageured
The statistical Teo of French Military &cverrLort
published the announcement -tit in March 1949 the production index
of the Fretch Zone was 661 But the method 'of arriving
at the preeent productioo iriix le entirely different from that
used for 1936. There are two coos s for the falgity of the pressnt
production index. Compilatia of the present index was based on
a somparigon of German produntiot data compiled in 1936 and com-
putation of the value of net protroction Ir separate branches of
industry. The present inti doer not take into contideration many
restore Which were eoneidered wherl the index was mate in 1936,
espeeially production of eyotheolo fuels, finiehed rood products,
textile goods, consumer g0009 production, and such craft production
As toys, sport erticlee, brolheg, etc. The excluded items formed
almost 3c% of the total proicilon of the 1936 index. The new index
exeludes therefore 1/4 of voorotion in which was rogieter d the grea
egt reduction.
The statioties of tho French Military Government also
excluded from the 1936 figores ell arum Oroduction'and'productiend
such items which eould be eolloo- utilized for war indumtry.
Excluded, among others, wt oo tou following large itduetries:
Mauserwerke, Oberndorf, Dorlie-oorke, Friedrichshafen, a substantial
part of the Badische AnilOo- unxi lodafabrik, ludwitshafen and a
iterten part of the fOnishoi tetal industry.
German ecientifi: anti mimic experts estimate the yell*
of net production of excloded faetories at about 220 mil ion DM
compared to the value of erman production of these 1tes in
1916, which amounted to 1,63 tillion DM. Thus the 1916 production
figure is reduced by ecorreeting the Freneh "correction' of
1936 German production fifor, downward, the pregent proCoction
of the French Zone is app000 oately 58% of 1936. Present production
in eomparigon to 1916 1. Flven in the table below;
19, equals 104
pr.cision ind,try
metal industry-
paper industry
loather induetry
textile industry
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36
42
53
25
60
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The 1949 "duet xa
in the Frenth Zone to ?Ig of
Ap
1.
2.
3.
4,
6
g production
ligned S. BM:MINIM
taonia in 1948 co ed to
A Indust rpm!)
workers employed tilers
lroup,
Iource: Combined Coal
man use. No source given.
nia; Source: Bipartite
ce: Bip. Com? & r111;
Bip, COm. Ittd. Group
ash, ete; SourCet Bip.0 & I 0
erg; Source: B.C. &: I. Group
rials; Souree:
-_coring to industrial ,groups;
du on o
ltzonal production of BuLl
1948 Bizonal riseeign Trade
1948 Bizonal Foreign Trade
16*. l3ize
Coal 0
27, Belli
miry
is, cat's
ouroos
19. Freight
Bipart I
20, Registra
Bipartite
21 Bisonal
B1Sa4trite
gebietos
and Watts
22. 1948 Bison
Vertidirs
23, 1948 & 1
Bisoaal St
1 Trade with U
n Gorman BoOmo
Food imports
t und Forste
1 export, aceo
Gr
k of *
El b
nd Freight Tra
art ite Transpor
portati
rariiport Group.
of Autem
ransport roap.
er Fleet as oft*hrt des i
sc.,.)rding to countries. lorreo
ilLL7.06 not given.
Atreements. Sour.*
Verwaltun
-ainigten 1r
countries.
given.
'arum
bietes.
bined
Otir Ce
Jan 1949; louree: 1aupt-
C.s 7ersinigten Wirtcebaf getie
- :on of Bizet:al Rail, ye;
-rol
ilways fo 1943; ource:
of 1 Jan 49;
''ouree- Han ir
.
ten uridbrit1s4Us
70everkehrs des air'
Hauptverw*Itung des
atzungsbabletes,
tE in izonla; Sour
prices of bas
tistleal Office.
roe
_ng der
?ungs*
isehen
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PRZEDSTAWICIELSTWO
iti,si_WE Lip. wr BERL _NIE
25X1
SPRAWOZDANIE ESONOMICZNE
z NIEMIEC
za okras od 1.I.1949r do 50.4'0 949r.
azild6 II.
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
PELNOMOCNIK
MINISTRA UNDID ZAGRANICZNEGO
W NIEMGZECH
Berlin, dnia 29.VII.1949r.
Tajne
SPRAWOZDAKIE EKONOMICZNE
za okres od 1.I.1949r. do 30.V1.1949r.
C z 6 II
ZACHODNIE STREFY OKUPACYJNE NIEMIEC
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
ZACHODNIE STREFY OKUPaCYJNE NIEMIEC
T
Podstawowe zalotenia polityki gospodarczej.
PoIotenie tycia gospodarozego.
a/ Przemysi.
b/ Handl zagranicznyo
Rolnictwo i wytywienie#
d/ Transport komunikacja0
001na oharakterystyka polot.enia gospodarczego.
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las zala2a1h.
1. Rozw64 wakatinik-1 przemyslowego Bizonii w 1948r.
2, Liozba zakiadOw przemysIowych w Bizonii I zatrudnionych
w nioh robotnik6w._
3. Wydobycie wgLiorqz produkcja koksu w Bizonii._
4. Plan rozdzirau wgiiw Zachodnich Strefaoh Okupacyj-
nych Niemloo w II kwartale 1949 r.
5. Produkoja 1r i stall w Bizonii.
6. Produkoja pojazd6w mechanicznych w Bizonii.
7. Produkcja przemrsiu chemicznego w_Bizonii.
8. Wydobycie rud,2-laznych9 soli potasowych i rud
metali nietelaznych w Bizonii.
9. Produkcja energ L eiektrycznej w Bizonii.
Produkcja gazu twietlnego
10. Produkcja maberialOw budowlanych w Bizonii.
11. Handel zagranlozny Bizonii w 1948 r.
rowych. _
12. Handel zagranlcmy Bizonii w-1948 r.
poohodzenla wzgAdnlo przeznaczania.
13. Obroty handlowe
nymi.
144 Umowy Handlowe Bizonii w 1949 r,
15. Import iywnoaci do Bizonii w 1948 r.
16. Eksport wqgla z Bizonii wg kra16w przeznaczenia.
17. Tabor kolejowy, diugotid linii kolejowych i 11066
personelu kolejowego_w_Bizonii,
18. Przewozy towarow i Pasateraw kolejami telAznymi.
19. Przewozy towar6* kolejami Bizonii.
20, Zarejestrowane 2ojazdy meohaniczne.
21. Handlowa flota morska I er6d1gdowa Bizonii.
22. Morskie obroty towarowe Bizonii w 1948 r.
23. Obroty_towarowe port6w Bizonli w 1948 r.
24. Ceny za produk-ti 7asadnicze w Bizonii.
wg grup tawa-
wg kraj6w
mledzy Bizoniet a Stanami Zjednocz0-
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CzQii6 IIc
ZACHODNIE STREFY OKUPACYJNE NIEMIEC
Podstawowe zaIotenia po1itlkii_acuodarcze12,
W 6wiet1e dotychczao ujawnionych faktow 1 cyfr
polityka gospodarcza Zeahodnich Stref Mupacyjnych
Niemiec opera siq na nRste,pujqcych zosadniczych talc) -
teniach;
1) utrwaleniu ustroju kapitplistycznego9 a przez to
wciqgniqciu obstaru Stref ZRchodnich w orbit eksploR-
tacji kapitalistycznej i poddanie jej wpIywom ango-
amerykRAskich monopoli finansowych i przemysIowychy
2) podporzqdkownniu rotwoju gospodarczego Stref Zachodnich
bezpo6rednim matelialnym i politycznym interesom
mocarstw okupacyjnych, a przede wszystkim Std,nOw Zjed-
noczonych,
3) oszczqdtaniu rozbIldowanego na potrzeby wojny potenc-
jalu przemysIu tbrojeniowego kosztem rozwoju pokojo -
wych gmlqzi produkcji, mogqcych ewentualnie skutecznie
konkurowa6 z przellysIami rodzimymi paAstw okupujqoycho
ZnPczenic z10.azk6w yracodawcOf i xrzedsia.florcow.
Celem utrwalenia ustroju?kapitalistycznego zachodnie
mocarstwa okuppcyjne wciquily do jaknaj6cLi1ejszej-
wspOlpracy na odcinku gospodarczym kola dawnych przemys-
lowcow i finansistow niemieckich otaczajqc opiekq ich
interesy_i darzqc ich_szczegolnym poparciem. DziQki
temu popalrciu przedstqwiciele kapitalu I przemysIu
mieckiego opRnowali calq administracjq gospodarczq Bi -
zonii i posiadajq decydujqcq wiqkszo66 we wszystkich za-
rzqdach powatnych instytucjil zrzeezeii brantowych, ko -
misjRch gospodarczych. W ten spos6b w chwili obecnej
zRchodnio-niemieckq racje2 gospodarczq w Strefach Zchod-
nich reprezentujq te same klasy posiadaAce, co siuyly
hitleryzmowi. One kierujq tycieagospodarczym Stref
Za.chodnich zgodnie z zaleceniami swoich mocodawc6wQ
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Przychodzi im to tym atwiej, e istnieje miqdzy niemi
zbietno66 interes6w.
W przeciwieAstwie do zrzeszeA przedsiqbiorc6w
pracodawc6w zwigzki zawodowe sq celowo dezorganizowane
osIabiane. Przy pomocy propagandy, wewnqtrznej dy -
wersji organizacyjnej, wreszcie 6rodk6w policyjnych uda-
remnia siq proby organizowania ruchu zawodowego przez
klnsowo u6wiadomione elementy robotnicze. Ratqcym
przykladem wplywOw kapitalistow niemieckich jest fakt
uzyskanis przez niah ad Wiadz okupacyjnych zgody
wyp1atE dywidend za lata wojny 1940/44, nawet w przed
sitbiorstwach, ktorych zyski plynqly wylqcznie z zaspa -
kajania potrzeb wojennych. Dia unikniqcia strat przeli-
czeniowych wypIaty dywidend dokonano po przeprowadzeniu
reformy walutowej.
Organizacja polityCzna pracodawcow I przedsigbioreft
"Wirtschpftspolitische Gesellschaft" wszczgia starania
o uzyskanie wyrokow rehabilitacyjnych d1a_magnat6w prze-
myslowych, zbrodniarzy wojennych na uslugach Hitlera,
Kruppal Flicka i WIchlinga I przejawia w tym kierunku
ruchliwq dzia1a1no66. Precedens z Schachtem wykazuje
Za6 najlepiej si1 ich wp1yw6w.
Istotny sens "dekartelizac'i" rzem slu niemieckiego.
W wyniku polityki utrwalania ustroju kapitalistycz-
nego nie zostala w dalszym ciqgu przeprowadzona zgodna
z diachem uchwal poczdamskich "dekartelizacja" i likwi -
dacja wybujaiej koncentracji przemyslu niemieckiego.
Przeciwnie, zachodnie Wiadze Okupacyjne utyly szyldu
tPekrte1iCjit i dekoncentracji" przemyslu niemiec
kiego dla podporzqdKaaania tego przemyslu I oddania go
w eksploatacjq anglo-.merykaAskich monopolist6w.
Wedlug oficjalnie ogloszonych danych glgantyczny
ReAsko-Westfalskl Syndykat Wlglowy zostal rzekomo
rozwivany. Faktycznie przeksztalcil siq on najsampierw
w North-German-Co-' On,itrol, a potem w Deutsche Kohlen-
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- 6 -
bergbau-Leitung (DKBL), ktory od ReAskop-Wastfalskiego
Syndykatu nie rotni siq ani strukturq orgpnizncyjnq, ani
obsadq personalnq, lecz tylko rozsaerzeniem znkresu
dyspozycji gospodarczej na Dolno-Snski Syndykat Wglowy
Syndykat Wtgla Brunatnego. Decydujqcy glos we wIadzach
DKBL mgjEt wIa6cicie1e kopalA i pozostajzicy na ich sIutbie
przedstnwiciele wytszej administracji technicznej
handlowej..
przemy61e httnictym pod pokrywkq akcji rozwiqzy-
wania karteli i trustaw w zasadzie przeprowadzono koncen-
tracjI przemysIowq nlespotykanych nawet w Niemczech roz-
miarow. W postaci zarzEtdu powierniczego przemysIu
niozego doprowadzono do utworzenia trustu poziomego 01-
brzymich rozmiaraw, gdyt obejmujacego prawie caIy za -
chodnio-niemiecki przemysl hutniczy i metRlowy
zakoiczenia dziaIal5 wojennych 8 koncernaw panowaIo .nad
Znglqbiem Ruhry, a njanowicie: Vereinigte Stahlwerkey
?lick, Krupp, Mannesmann, Klbcknerv Hoesch i Haniel,
ZakIady Hermanna Ge9ringa i wreszcie Reilsko-Westfaiska
Syndykat Nqglowy. W chwili obecnej dyspozycja admini
stracyjno-kapitalowa ZPgIe6bia Ruhry zogniskowala sie w
dwoch organach, a mianowicie wytej wymienionych,
Deutsche Kohlenbergbau Leitung i
Zarzqdzie Powierniczym Przemyslu Hutniczego.
Podobna sytuacja panuje na odoinku dotychcznsowego
najwiqkszego koncernu niemieckiego I, G.FarbeniAbstrle.
W mytil rozporzqdzenia 'lady Kontrolnej miaIo I,G0 zootaa
rozwiqzane. W praktyce instytucja powoiana do likwidlcji
I.G. na obszarze Bizonii, t0zw4 FARDIP (IG-Farben pis,
persal PANEL) nietyLco nie rozwiotzala IA,Farben, lie
je wzmocnila przez umotliwienie infiltraeji kapiLn4:aw
obcych I zWigzanie z monopolistami amerykqtiskimi .-Dupont
de Nemours" i "Standard Oil".
Rozwoj gospodarki zeichodnio-niemjeckiej w wyniku
polityki monopoli i trustow poszedI nie w kierunku ogol
nego podniesienip standaltu tyciowego szerokich mas,
ale w kierunku zape-wnienia jak nnjwitrszych zyskaw mono -
polls-tow.
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
"DemilitftrIzAQe lako narzedzie usun:,,ecta konkurencji.
FITFETFEET6' nazynku Swintoyall)..wewnPtTaum.,
N Radzieckiej Strefie Okupncyjnej Niemiec demontate
miAly na celu rzeczywiste zlikwidowanie przemysIu zbro-
niowego. W Strefach ZRchodnich demontate staiy sit
tRrztdziem walki z 'conkurencjEt niemieclq na rynku Owia-
towym i wewnttrznym, ObjtIy one przede-wszystkim dzialy
produkcji, w ktarych konkurencja niemiecka stanowila
powatnq groftt dla monopoli ameryka6skich ? angielskich
Tysive najnowocze6niejszych maszyn zostaio wywiezionych
z Stref Zachodnich do inglii9 rancji i Stanow Zjedno -
czOnych, gdyt pozwalaIyby one na skatecznq konkurencjfi
przemyslu niemieckiego. Rowniet wszystkie wynalazkini
-
mieckie zostaly udosttpnione producentom Ameryki i Anglii,
umotliwl_ajqc im na zniszczenie konkurencyjno6ci przemysIu
niemieckiego w wielu dziedzinach
Gharakterystycznym przykIadem polityki zachdlnich
okupants6w jest stoFarlek do niemieckiego..przemyslu. zegar-
mistrzowskiego Njemicki przemysl zegarmistrzowski
zafJpakajaI_przed wojnq nietylko zapotrzebownnie wewntrz-
44, ale stanowil powainq pozycj elceportows?Q W wyniku
iarzeprowadzonych w tyth roku demontaty ten z najbardziej
pokojowych dzialow wytw6rczo6ci nie jest dziti w stanie
poky zapotrzebownis wewnttrznego i z trudem opiera
ei
konkurencji zagranicznej. Demontate w najbardziej zna-
nycli-firmRch 6wiatowychi jRk Junghans, Kienzle, Equrie,
Manthe i Kni-eer.obitiy 60 % najnowszych maszyn. Pozo -
sta*ione przestarzaie typy maszyn podrotyly znacznie
kosrty produkcji i uniemotliwiajq powrOt tanich zegarkaw
nierAeckich na rynki iwiatowe, opanowane przez angielski
przemys zegarmistrzowski.
Porozumienie waszyngtoiiskie mitdzy kngli8 i Stanami
ZjeVoczonymi z marca b.ro rowniet wyrainie odsIania
isiotne demcntaty w Strefach Zachodnich
mifinie to m.d.fl zniszczylo prymat Niemiec w dziedzinie
piodukcji hemiczrej i umiemotliwilo mu konkurencjq- z
zemysIem chemicznym Rngielskim i amerykaAskim, pozatym
otworzyIo wewnttrzny rynek niemiccki dla surc7cw w
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
dyspozyc4i monopoll angio-emerykaAskich. W my61 posta-
nowieA waszyngtoAskiCh Bizonia ma zaprzesta6 produkcji
sztucznej gumy i wszelkie zakIady,slutqce jej produkcji,
maj4 by6 w biet4cym roku zdemontuwane. W ten sposob
kauczukowe monopole angio-amerykPliskie zapewnily sobie
nowe, due mot1iwo6ci zbytu.
Dalej majq by6 Zdemontowane wszystkie dzialy za -
-kladOw przemysIowych, przeznaczone do produkcji..synte -
tycznej benzyny i. 'Ilejc;wo W tym wypadku anglo-amery
kaliskie monopole 1-Lftowe pragnq. dla siebie zachowa6 wy-
1qczno66 zaopatrzeras chIonnego rynku Stref ZachodniCh.
w benzynt, rop I uleje,
Maj 4 zosta6 zdemontowane rowniet zaklady azotowe
w Oppau i sody kaustycznej w Ludwigshafen oraz szereg
innych fabryk chemicznych, dostarczaWych poistPwowych
surowcow dla chemicznego i farmaceutycznego przemyslu
przetwarczegoo
Rownocze6nie z pierwotnej listy demontatowej, obej-
mujgcej kluczowe zaklady przemysiu zbrojeniowego, skre6-
lono w Bizonii 160 dutych fabryk w tym 32 huty, 88
fabryk przemysIu metplowego 1 7,zaklad6w hutnictwa
metali kolorowych. W Strefie_Prancuskiej skreillono
z listy demontatowej ok. 40 dawnych zakIadOw przemysIu_
zbrojeniowego, W chwili obecnej Zachodnie Strefy Okupa-
cyjne Niemiec przyznajg sig do rocznej zdo1no6ci pro -
dukcyjnej stali w wys 13 500 000 t. W rzeczywistoaci
jest on wytsza i mote by6 z dutym przybliteniem szaco-
wana na 16 mil. tor=.
Ponadt,ograniezeniom produkcji pokojowej towarzyszy
zniesienie ograniczeh pradukcyjnyOL przewidzianych
uchwalami poozdamskimi zppobietenia mot1iwo6ciom zbro-
jeniowym Niemfec0 f szczeg61no6ci w Zochodnich Strefach
Niemiec zezwolono na produkcjl citkiCh maszynf obrabia-
rek, citkich traktorOw, niektorych stopow metalowych,
aluminiump lotysk kulkow7ch statkOw (300.000 T).
W naletqcych do koncernu I.G.Pnrben zakladach
ttAnorgana"1 _ktOrych produkcja siutyla wylqcznie potrzebom
wojennym.: ZakOISC Di.`1(. Tri demontat urzEtdzenia
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
-9-.
do.produkowania wiakien sztucznychf gdyt wI6kna sztuczne
stanowitt konkurencjq na rynku wewnqtrznym .dla weIny an-
gielskiej i bawelny amerykpAskiej. Natomiast urzqdzenia
tych samych zakladow "Anorgana", produkujgce w czasie _
wojny gazy trujqce, wypr6bowywane w 06witrimiu, pozosta-
wiono nietkniqte.
O_Panowanie przemysiu niemieckiego przez anglo-amerykalis-
kie mono221L1
Jako wynik 6wi?Idamej polityki Viladz Okupacyjnych
Stre*Zachodnie staIy sI q obszarem_eksploatowanym przez
ameryksaskie zwIsszcza monopole finansowe I przemyslowe.
Wytej jut wspomniana koncentracja przemysIowa jest wy -
razem dqtenia do uzyskania decydujepego wplywu na seen-
tralizowan4 w kilku organizacjach mGnopolistycznych
dysposycjq produkcyjno-finansowq. Na obsadq zarzgdow i
rad nadzorczych tych organizacji decydujacy wpiyw ma _
kapital amerykPliski, ktory-posiada bardzo powatny udziaI
w przemyale niemieckim z lat 1924 - 1933. _Oaywi6cie
anglo-amerykaAscy dyspanenci ulokowali w zarzEtdach zwiq-
zanych z sobq 1udz, jak n.p.:
H.Dinkelbaoha, Dyrektora Administrpcyjnego Zarzgdu
Powierniczego Przemyslu Hutniczego, ktdry byl przed
wojnq 6cifi1e_zimiEtzany z amerykstiskim domem bankowym in-
wilatujqcym na obszrze Rzeszy: Dillon, Read and Co.
G. Hehnle, czlonka Zarzadu Powierniczego Przemyslu
Hutniczego, wnuka magnata przemysIowega KlAcknera,_
b.dyrektora Deutsche Bank i przedwojennego mqtR zaufania
domu bankowego Kuhn, Loeb and Co.
Barona von Falkenhausen, czlanka Z,,rzqdu Powierniczego
Przemysiu Hutniczego, prezesR zwitpanego ze Schroeder
Banking Corporation domu bankowego Burchhsrdt & Co.,
Essen.
Pozatym jadnak rozciggaja monopolidci amerykaetscy
swoje wpiywy na WIRdze Okupacyjne i przemysiowe organy
kontrolne tychte obsadzone sq przedstawicielami kapitaiu
przemyslu ameryksliskiego.
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
--
Najbardziej atrakeyjnym obiektem dla zagranicznego
kapitalu pozostaje oczywAcie Znglqbie Ruhry. Planowane
roczne wydobycie ok. 150 000 000 t w? I zdolno66 pro -
dukcyjna ok. 15 000 000 t etli Itelaza otwiera niezwykIe
perspektywy staIych aysk6w, Przykladem pr6by kapitalistycz-
nego zawladniqcia pewatnq cze6ciq przemysIu ZagIbia
Ruhry przez monopole migdzynarodoWe_byIy rozmowy prowa-
dzone w kwietniu miqdzy przemyslowcami niemieckimi a_
ang10-ameryka15.skimi. Przedmiotem rozmow byla ewentual1lo66
utworzenia midzynarodoWego Towarzystwa Holdingowego,
kt6reby przejq.Io przedsiqbiorstwa hutnicze i metalowet
przeznaczone do demontaty, Towarzystwo miato rozporzqdza6
poczqtkowym lapitalem 750 milion6w $, Zdolno66 produkcyj-
na zakIadOw hutniczych9 ktore Towarzystwo_miaIo_przejOy
wynosiIa 8 milion6w t surowki. Surowka ta miaIa by6 _
przeznaczona nie na rynek wewn-4trzny2 ale wylqcznie na
zaopatrywanie suroweowe europejskiego przerysIu_tbrojenio-
wego, przede wszystkim angielskiego. Sprzeciw amerykaliski
uniemoiIWil utworzenie tego Towarzystwa.
Obowiqzujqcy Londyriski Stitt Ruhry oddaje formalnie
panowanie nad ZagIcIbiem Ruhry w rqce anglo-amerykaAskie.
Celem statutu jest wg jego brzmienia:
1) ochrona interes6w obcych w przemy6le stalowym i g6r-
nictwie wqglowym Zaglebia7
2) ochrona wszelkich przedsiqbiorstw, w kt6rych partycy-
puje kapital zagranl.czny.
Madze Kontroli Ruhry wyposatone zostaly w stosunku
do przemyslu Ruhry w uprawnienia, jakic'c- nie posiadal
taden rzqd niemieckJ ffIadze Ruhry wyznaczajq wysokod6
produkcji I wydobyeia, ceny okre6lajq ilo6ci przezna -
ozone na rynek wewnqtrzny ? na.eksport5 jednym sIowem
dyktujq politykq produkcyjnq I rozdzielczq.
Jako jeden z watniejszych nPrzqd2i penetracji gospo-
darczej kapitatu. amerykallskiego utyty zostal bizonalny
aparat kredytowc=finansowy, pozostajqcy pod wylqcznymi
wplywami k61 fina.nsowych amerykaAskich. Dwa najwatniejsze
dla tycia gospodarczego bankip a mianowicie; Bank Odbu-
dowy i Bank, PrzemysIowy pozostajq.pod bezpo6rednimi
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIAWP83-00415R003800010014-3
wplywamj ameryka:6skch instytucji.kredytowych. Poprzez
te bank! i wspoI.prpcujqco znimi banki terenowe nastqpuje
ooraz silniejsze uznietnianie przemysIu i handlu od ame-
rykadskich oerodkaw kapitalowych.
Ukryte reparla.21L2
Dalszym wyrazem Dolityki zachadnich IN/adz dkupacyjnych
.jest obciqtenie gospodarki Stref Zachodnich powatnymi bez-
podrednimi dwiadczeniami finansowymi i materialowymi,.
Przede wszystkim wspomnie6._tu nalety o olbrzymich wzrasta-
j4cych z roku na rok kosztach okupacyjnych. Koszty te wy-
niosly w 1945/46r.. - 3 miliardy mk.p w 1946/47r. -
5,2 miliardy mk., w..1947/48r. - 5,8 miliardOw mk. W
1948/49r. przewidywane jest_dalsze 518 miliardow mk.
kosztow okupacyjnych- Miliprd morek kosztuje Strefy
Zachodnie narzucony 3bowigzek utrzymania odmawiajqcych
powrotu do krajow renegataw, reakcji i wykolejeAcaw.
0bci4tenia okup.l.cyjne stanowlq ok. 40 % ogolnych wy-
datkow budtetowych Stref Zachodnich i wynosz4 ok. 450 mk.
nn glow ludnodci praculvej.
-Procz bezpodred.,:Ach kosztow okupacyjnych mocnrstwa
okuppeyjne zapewnily sobie olbrzynie zyski na zakupie
surowcOw niemieckich Donitej cen dwiatowych_a sprzedaty
produktow wIasnych powyZej tych cen. PodstRwowe artykuly
eksportu niemieckiep:o stanowlq surowce. Najwatniejsze
surowce7 a to: wgiel, drzewo, zIom, stanowlace 65 %
ogoinegoEksportu, nabywane byly do tej pory przez_Moca
stwa Okupacyjne po onnach nitszych Q.C? 6*?atowych a prze -
? '''
cittnie 30 %.
Rownoctednie ryriek niemiecki stal siee korzystnym
odbiorcq Mocprstw Oklpacyjnych. Stany Zjednoczone przede
wszystkim ulaynniiy na tym rynku powatne ilodci swoich
remanantOw powojennich._ KorrAja likwidacyjna organizanji
zbytu remanentaw amerykaliskich stwierdzila w czerwcu b.r,
strate 417,7 milion6w marek. Strata ta obeigta gasp?,
dark .'t bizonainq. Od zakcAczenia_dziaIan wojennyah Stany
Zjednoczone zPopptrzenie Stref Z-nhoeir
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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : GIA-MP83-00415R003800010014-3
w tywno66. Strefy ?L-Ichodnie znalazIy si w sytuacji
przymusowejf gdyt wobec uprawianej przez JEIA (Centrala
Hendlu Zagrsnicznego) polityki handlu zagranicznego nie
mogla ona nabywa Zdwno6ci na drodza jaknajkorzystniej-
szej, a mianowicie Lompensacyjnej, R wyIqcznie ZR dolary,
kt6re miaia w ogranLezonej ilo6ci. Stany Zjednoczono
udzielily Strefom Zaohodnim kredytu na zakup tywno6ci,
wliczajqc do kalkulscji sprzedaty koszty tego kredytu.
Wedlug szacunkow fachowych k61 gospodarczych import tyw-
no6ci i surowc6w przemysTowych do Bizonii jest przepIa -
cany ok. 10 - 20 %. Blitsze szczeg6ly_znajduje, sie,; w
dalszym ciElgu sprawozdania w czq6ci ompwiajqcej handel
zagraniczny.
PoIotenie_Lcia gosTodarczev.
Przemysl.
, Po szybkim wzro6cie wskaLlika produkcji przemysIowej
BizOnii po reformie malutowej do stycznia.b.r. npstqpiTo
gwaltowne zahamowania wzrostu_produkcji, a nawet jago
spadek, Dopier? w rviju wykazaI wskainik przemysIowy
poraz pierwszy od lutego b.r lekki, sezonowy zresztq,
wzrost produkcji. W czerwcu
nowego wzrostu nastqpil
przemyslowego 0 4 %
przemyslowy wynosiI
w styczniu
lutym
marcu
kwietniu
" maju
czerwcu
W czerwcu r.b,
wszystkim daje
it
It
11
zamiast przewidywanego
znowu
sezo-
spadek ogolnego wsicainika
88 w maju na 84. 0g6lny wskrItntk
r.b.
81
NO
90 (3 dni witcej nit w lutym)
02
88
84
epade produkcji zauwaty6 siq przede
w pi'zemysiach konsumcyjnychf ktorych
wskanik z 89 w maj:4 3pril.na 83 w ?czerwcu. W szczeg61_
nodei wskainik prod.lAcji
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Approved For Release 2004/02/1,9 :p,A-RDP83-00415R003800010014-3
w przemydle
19
tt
tekstylyym
papiernic.4ym z
gumowym
skarzanym
w mlla
93
89
94
74
czerwcu_
na
86
na
83
na
90
na
72
W grupie_przemyslu d6br produkcyjnych nistqpil_sptiAek
wydobycia wctgla kamiennego. WydobycAe wqgla kamiennego
w ozerwcu wynoallo 8,1 mil.t, w maju zaki 8,35 mil,t.
Wydobycie wggla kamiennego w pierwszym pOlroczu 1949r.
wynioslo ok. 49 mil?t, ROwnoazesny spadek produkcji
w pordwnaniu do maj,1 nastuil w wglu brunatnym (4,5%)
I brykietach (3,8%), osjElgajgc 216 000 t wgla brunat-
nego i 45 300 t bryft.et6w., W produkcji energii elek-
trycznej i gazu spadt wcka6nik z 136 na 127._Najwlqksz4
stagnacj wykazujq pyzemysl ohemiczny oraz maszynowy.
Spadek produkcji w t7ch dwach przemysIach wywoIany jest
niemot1iwo6ciq znalezienia rynkow zhytu. Pewien wzrost
produkaji w czerwou wykazaiy przemysIy precyzyjny
optyczny oraz samochodowy. Nieco 3ilniejszy wzrost
produkcji nastqpil w przemygle budowlanym, co zreszt4
zwitpane jest z sezonem. Stay wzrost produkcji na -
sttpuje w surawce Produkcja sur6wki wyniosa
w czerwcu 596 000 t produkcja stali 750 000 t, produk-
cja stall wa1cowane-562 100 t. Planowana w czerwcu
produkcja stall zostaIa przekroczona o 6,1 % a surawki
o 5,6 %.
Analiaa wartotici stitystyki_Stref Zachodniohd
aanSas
Dane statystyczne Bizunii zwlaszcza w dziedzinIe_
produkcji przemyslowej nalety oceniad krytycznie. Du
oz0,4 Aanych zwinsL-za w przemyslach przetworczych
opiera sig na szacunk%ch, gdyt dotychczasowe_ankiety
statystyczne nie zdoialy uchwycid 6cis1ych danych
ilogclowych Stqd przyjmuje siq latwo statystycznie
dostone cyfry predlkcji surowcow przemyslowych n.p.
wqglat.koksu, drzewa i wlokna sztucznego
jako baze, wyjficiom szacunkow dla przemysIow przetwor,
czyCh, Pondewat jednak przemysly surowcowa w przewatn -
jelcej mierze prPow-fI, np sksport stqd szacowanie wg
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14 -
nich produkcji przemysI4w przetworczych prowadzi do
dutych b1ed6w. Nonc 11066 wyprodukowsnego wiakna sztucz-
nego wcale nie &iads.zy a jego przerobie w kraju_i atqd
opieranie produkcji tkanin2wyrob6w teksty3nych na danych
produkcji wl6kn/ d'Oe zapelnie falszywy ?bras. N cz7s-
tych wypadk/ch z bt/ku rozporzsdzalnych danych produk-
cyjnynh obliczone as poszczegolne wskainiki roa podst/wie
dsnych pomocniczych j/k n.p0 przeprscowanych-robotniko-
godzin wzglqdnie csn, Naksinlki takie zswierrls, r6wniet
due b:0?dy, gdyfz. wy0,jnol6 pracy w porftnaniu do roku
wyj6oioweg0 1936 zn-, snie gig obnUyl.a? n,itomisst
ConY
wzrosIy. :oalej nowf.imek*J6niki nic uwsg1.,.2dnisjel rotnicy
3akot5ci z I936r, ncp, (;buwio na drewnisnych zelawkach
produkowane obecnic aczkolwiek nio dft_siq por6wn/6 _
z obuwiem z 193Fr., jest liczone tak s/mo na ilo66 par.
? Najwymowniejszim przykiadem elaatycznoaci wsk/ini-
kow produkcyjnyoh jest fskt nnotuujqcy: Do koxica
1948r. statystyk,i ,11/ Otrefy 4merykallskiej sporzqds/I
4meryk/etski Zarzqd ;ojskowy dL Strefy Brytyjskej -
4ngie1ski Zarntld Nojskowy, katdy- oPierajEtc sit?, na
wlasnym systemic, Nbr oba Zarzqdy oprscowujr1 wso61-
nie dane statystyoz,le d1.i c/Iego obszaru Blzonii?
ZE
podstalq przykto a?merykokie metody ststystyczne,
N/ skutek obliczer:Lf wksAnikow produkcyjnych Strefy
Brytyjskiej. opoacbem mryku5.eki, wymsnipulownno_
wzrost waka6aiks produkcji dla Bizonii o 46 %,
ten zastta podkrefly a prrasieLzachodniej? kt4ra wy-
sunqIa przypuszczenie te bizonalny wskainik produkcji
jest o r.on/apie:). 10 2;_syytszy.nit_wyzecuwisto6i4,
jedli samr, tylko 4:oprqwkso danych Strely Brytyjsbiaj
sposobem anteryksaelfim wywoIs11 taki wzrost wsktInika
dirt caIej Bizoni3.
D/losym pizy/der "proprigandowago" charaktera
statystyk bizonlitch jest stqtystyka produkcji obuwia.
Statystyks poda e w r.1948..y.yRrodukowao_20t!Lm
liona_psy_pbuwi,a, Tymczssem fachowe kols skZrzlne
stwierozny fte b:zonl]ne zsprisy skory5 podana w tejte
ittystyce pczw. ty na produkcjq9JILT1
obuwia.
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ViRtnym czynnikiem wzrostu wszystkichwskainikow
produkoyjnych po reformie walutowej byl fakt, te do
2.T.MILialaILAIltYRIZSEL1121.91Uagna, gdYt-przedeiqbioroY
powatn4 cz466 produkcji Przeznaczali na czarny_rynei.
chwiiq wproWadzenia ref ormy waiu.thWGi przywracajqcej
rynkowe nokmy rentownodci, produkcja tn zostala przez
przedsiqbibio6w ulawniona, wplywajqc na wydatne podnie-
sienie wskainikow produkcji.
0 lie z jednej strony spotykamy siq ze sztucznym
podnoszeniem jednych wskRinikow o tyle niewqtpliwym
jest fakt zmniejszenia wska4nika produkcji w dziedzinie
hatnictwa telaznego I stalowego.
mallalls1L401t1.024.
oh; ILUislnedanet
Rozw6 podB2sla zbro eniowe 0.
Uwatna analizn rozwoju gospodarczego Stref Zs chod-
nicht a zwlaszcza struktury wskainika produkcji, ujawni
jej tendencje i ukgte fRktyczne oblicze.uprawianej przez
Rnglosas6w polityki gespodarczej, polegajqcej na chro-
nallia-l-E2W1112111Y,.przsde wszystkim_przemyslu Nyale_n=,_
neo Stref Zachodpl.ch. Od szeregu miesiqcy na czoio
zainteresowai Zachodnich WIRdz Okupacyjnych wysunqlo
siq hutnictwo telszne. Do korica 1948 r. wysilki Zachod-
nich nadz Okapacyjnych szly w kierunku optymalnego
wzmotenia ekaportu wqgla I drzewa oraz innych surowc6w.
Eksporty te dokonywane po cenach znRcznie nitszych ad
dwiatawych, stInowliy powatne subwencje dla odbiorc6w,
oplacane kosztem pubstancjalnej straty gospodRrki nie-
mieckiej.
Bizonalne statystyki oficjalne wykazaly w r.1948
znaczne przekroczie poziomu prOdukcji pretiu z 1936
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Zaopatrzenie jednak przemysiu w energi elektrycznq_
bylo stale niadost,Ateczned Tylko na eel? wytapiania
stall i-telaza przyznane zostaly nieogranic zone kontyn-
genty.
Wydobycie wegia w 1948 r. wzroslo do.947 r. -
o_819 mil.t. Mira) to Lie zwitlkszono_uudziaI6w mala
na o.tli_unlowoLanT przerlyslowej_praz "roltiritcyr!,
Tylko hutnictwo tel-tzne otrzymalo dodatkowe przydzlaIy
wqgia. Na skutek ttkiego uprzywilejowqnia nastqpil
gwaltowny wzrost produkcji stqli 1 tolaza ponad_pier
wotnie ustalone plany produkcyjncd Wedlug as-Lao/leg?
i ogloszonego przez Z,IrzEldy_Wojskowe Bizonli planu
hutniczego w I ro'm pielnu Mnrshalla od 1 lipea 1948 do
30_czerwea 1943 ro Laiaio byt5_wypmdukowane 6 mil. t
stRlio TymezPsem wviarodukowRno 7965 mit staii_i
6926 mil.? sur6wki. g I poircezu 1949 r wzrosIa pro-
dukcja stall w por6wnnniu de II p6Irocza 1948 r._z
3,4 mil.t na 493 mfl t, a surawki z 298 milot na
394 mil.t. Obecna produkcja stall odpowiftda_rocznej
produkcji 992 mil, to W okresio od 1 ezerwca 1948r.
do 30 czerwca 1949-1- p:codukcja staliwzrosIa o 106 %.
Takwydatny9 a jednostronny wzrost produkcji w
hutnictwie telaznzol odbywa sig kosztem innych przomys-
16w9 a przede wswtkim konsumpcyjnycho Dia stwierdze-
niq tego faktu wysiArezy porawna6 dane o zaopatrzeniu
w wqgiel hutnietwa I'L-elaznego I pozostaiyeh przemysI6w
oraz zutycie wgla dla cel6w opalowycho 4 roku 1948
na ogolnq rozporzajizainq kwot 8195 mil,t wqg1a9 koksu
i brykiet6w na utyH,:k rynku wewnqtrznego pozostaIo
5823 mildt; co stftnowlio o 899 milt wzgiqdnie 18_%
wiqeej Rniteli w 1.947 r. Mimo tego prRsa doniosIa9 te
ftpolotenie wulewen uniemotliwia przydzielenie caiych
przewidzianych w Bzonit na ztmowe miesiElee 12 co
wggia, R6wniet po3zczeg6inym przemyslom pozostawiono
te.same kontyngenty wglowe, tylko hutnictwo uzyskalo
znaczne kontyngenty dodatkowe.
- Szereg zaIqczonych zestRwile5.statystycznyeh uwi.
dlcznia pOO?cfl i rozw6j gospodarczy Bizonii: wyka-
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zywany prz r5d1. 4-dajaino. Rozwoj wsk,Inika prze
mysIowego Bizonii w 1y6,8 r0 wekazuje zalAcznik nr01,
Liczb zlkiRd6w przomys?owych w Bizonii I za
trudnionych w nich rootrif,e5w wedIag gIawnych galqzi
produkcji zawieTa z-ltrIcznik nr.2o
Rozw6j. wydobycla wctgla oraz produkcji koksu w
Bizonii uwid.ozniTz z-Itqcznikrir
Plan rozdziqIu wgi wydobytego w Zachodnich.
$trefach OkupRcyjnych Niemiec w III kwartale b.r. za -
wiera zaIqcznik
Rozwoj prodakc ji iz I tall uwidacznia
zalqcznik nr.5.
Rozw6j produLoji samochod6w zalqcznik nr.6.
Rozwoj producji przemysIu chemicznego za14cz..
nik nr. 7.
_ Wydobycie rud telaznych soli potasowych i rud
metali nieZelaznyoh - za14cznik nr.B.
Produkcjg energii olektrycznej I gazu - zalAcznik
nr.9.
Produkcjq materialft budowlanych - zalqcznik
nr.10.
Handel zagE21112.Eny.
Na odainku hRndiu zagrInicznego Zaohodnich
$tref Okupacyjnych Niemiec rzuca sig w oczy jego cha-
rakter kolonialny i speku1acyjny. Niemcy sq jedynym
krajem w Burepie, kt6rege handel zagraniczny w 1948 r,
nie osiunql poziora przedwojennego. Politykq hand1ow4
prowadzi tu Joint "Fxport-Import Agency (JEIA), w kt6rej
decydujgcy gIos ma:lq przedstawiciele kapitalu ameryka4s-
kiego. Kierujg on. importom ? eksportem niemieckim_
zgodnie z planem Yqrshalla, czyli zgodnie z_interealmi
monopold amery6101 Jr to wykazujq statystyka i
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0
obserwacja_faktow ataxy ZjednuerAuno uniemot1iw1aj4 pod-
Wie_normalnych naturlirwch stosunkow handlowych miqdzy
Niemcami Zachodnimi ? luropq wschodni4 i paudniowo -
wechodni4. JEIA zmusza Niamey do zakupu surowc6w i yw -
no6ci za dolary, gdy tymcznsem stosunki handlowe z krsjami
demokracji ludowej I ZwitrAciom Radzieckim pozwolilyhy im
na dokonanie tych zakupOw na drodze naturalnej wymiany
rozrachunkowej bez porednictwa dolara. W ten sposdb
Nismay_ponosz4 olbrz;rmie koszty zbqdnego transportu
wpadaj4 w coraz wisksz4 za1etno56 finansow4 od U.S.A.
JEIA w planie importuAym 1949 r0 przewiduje import war-
tofici miliarda dolaiSq, Zadlutenie Bizonii z tytuIu
kredytowych dostaw towarowych Bizonii wynosilo na ultimo
grudnia 1948 r, okolo 4 miliard6w dolar6w. Zmuszaj4c
eksporterow niemiecki-Jh do sprzedsty wy14cznie na bazie
dolarowej, a wyI4czaj4c mot1iwo6ci transakcji rozrachun-
kowycht JEIA sztucznie ograniczyIa 1iczb4 potencjalnych
(mOtliwych) nabywc6w
Zachodnio-niemokie sfery gospodarcze i polityczne
udwiadsmiaj4 sobie w peIni fakt hamujqcy wpIyw takiej
polityki na mot1iwo5ei eksportowe Niemiec podkre6laj4c
te coraz wi4k3za liczba krajow nie ma motnotici
dokonania got6wkowych zakapow w Bizonii, ze wzglqdu ns
brak dolarow.
Jsk z powytszego wids6? polityks hlandlu zsgranicz-
nego dyktowsna Strefom Zachodnim przez_wladze amerykads-
kie jest gospodarozo niezgodna z naturalnym rozwojem
interesem Riemiec. Monopole amerykaliskie nadaj4 calemu
handlowi zagranicznemu Bizonii cechy kolonialnoaci.
W 1948 r. zaledwie 324 Lticsportu zachodnio-niemieckilaa
??????11W.,,no?Rv
stanowily wyroby_Eptowe. ?ramie 2/3 ekspprtu Bizonii
stanowily suro:mi_ mianowicie wegiell zlom ? drzewo..
Panitsze tabelki por6wnawcze wskazuj4 rOtnice struktu-
ralne miqdzy przywozem I wywozem Bizonii przad wojn4
a obecnie t
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Artykul 101 1.248
TOOU t It IT-6-Tosunku
do 1936 r.
pezenica
74,1
2 734
Zyto
. 24
758
artykuly mEtczne
'6,6
7 061
oukier
11,2
4 043
welna .
125,4
34
bawelna
325,0
7,5
drzewo
1 35810
2,5
ropa naftowa982,8
16
rudy telazne
la 469,3
6,8
,nawozy _ .-
597
70
'papier i papa dachowa
' 12,32
43
drho
1
892
zlom
203
wqgiel kamienny
299
wyroby bawelniane
70
drzewne
18
poroelanowe
szk;ane
maszyny narzqdziowe
8,9
39
,
1,4
Monopole amerykaAskie celowo utrudni/11.22222rt
wyrob6w sptowych z Bizonli ze wzglqdu nn Joh konkurenojt
z przemyelem amerykadskim. Przez JEIA usta1aJ4 oni listy
towarowe uniemotliwiajztoe wksport wzgl4 import artykulaw
niepotEldanych z punktu widzenia ameryka4skiego. HamujEt
oni rozwoj pokojowych gablzi przemyslu wytwarzaj4cych
bietve nrtykuly koneumcyjne i eksportowe. Pragnel_zacho-
wa6-d1a siebie wytqcznoti6 produkoji I handlu tymi arty-
kulami. Najwymowniejszym przykladem zmien stfukturalnych
w handlu zagranicznym Bizonii jest chociby porownnnie
eksportu mnszyn Niewlec Zachodnioh w 1936 r. z eksportem
obecnym:
maszyny narzqdziowe
It teketylne ? sk6rz-pcne
122k
-89 500
59 430
1 948
4 460
1 220
silniki t 37 150 4 380
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moszyny rolniczo
34
290
3
710
drukrskie
i papieru
33
050
2
250
pojazdy mechaniczne
57
470
9
770
inne maszyny
71
390
14
440
Eksport mpszyn w 1948 ro wyni6s1 nieco pond 10%
eksportu z 1936r. g hwi1i obecnoj eksport maszynomy
z-Niemiec zostal. wyparty przez przemy91 angio-4morykl-etski4
Na niekonkurencyjnoi oksportu niemieckicgo wplywaA
wysokie koezty produkcii Analizajgc clemonty krakulacji
produkcji zachodnio-ilemieckiej stwioxdzi,5 trzehap co
nastuuje5 upcsatoni, everokieh mas pracuja,cych sq
niakie i ietnicje otorymia rozpIto66 mldzy uposate-
niami robr3tniczymi a aposateniaml administracji kierow-
niczej. Nlstpnie Etrefy Zachodnie ponaszq olbrzymie
koszty utrzymania ckpqcyjnej administ-i-acji A.siI zbroj-
nyoh Srodki to, pochodzqce z wiwiadczell podatkowych,
w silaym stopniu obc:0?tyl. koszty produkcjio Baled
w Bizonii z publicznydh, eirodkow finansowyen wyp?-10.1
alq-odszkodowania w1161ilie1om zakIad6w zdemontowanych,
? nqwet zniszcznnych dztalaniami wojennymi. Piaci ,94
rOwniet 6 dywidenly akcjonariuszum calego ezerega
przedsiOxiorstw za ore s wsteczny obejmujqce lata wojny
1940 - 1944. Dziki upIsswianej przez JELL polityce
zakupow rowniet w krljach wolnodewizowych a przede
wszystkim kmerycep cony surowc6w przemysiowychp nabywa -
nyCh przez Niemcy, Eq. wysokie. Natomiast cony surowc6w
eksportowanych przez Niemcy sek duto nitsze _od gwiato
wych I stanowig pewns, form ukrytych reparacji dlq kra-
j6w importujqcych I Litt rozdzielane wgci1eokr1OflYCh
kontyngentow. Dalszxm ozynnikiem podratajtIcym koszty
produkcji sq wysoki,_ normy odpis6w ni moI'tyzaojq i reno-
wacjq zakladow. Odldsy to majt1 na cola poparcle tzwo
inwestycji wewnqtrznych Wszystkie wytej wymionicne
czynniki wpIywajqn wzrost kosztaw produkcji.
Jak widzimy itiki poziom piac w Bizonii nio jest
bynajmniej gl6wnym ezynnikiem ksztaltujqcym koszty pro-
dukcji I wyznaczajtinym pozium con artykla6w eksportowych,
Koszty produkcji sq wysokie na skutek Dewnych gwiad -
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cze4 nieproduktywnych wzbogRcajgcych monopolist6w
amerykR4skich i niemieckich, acigtqcych na uposate
niach i niskim poziomie tycia robotnik6w Stref Zachod
nich. Na odcinku handlu zagranicznego Bizonii nalety
zarejestrowad jeszoze jedng_jego cechqIa mianowicio
olbrzymio do tej porv rozmiary nielegalnego hRndlu
przemytniczegoo.Woflug przyblitonych szRounk6w sfer
gospodarczych zachoonio-niemieckich obroty.przemytniczo
w 1948 r. obliczane 9g rift 1/3 obrotu oficjalnego.
Olbrzymie organizacje trudnily sie przemytem I jRk siq
okazaio, ich dzialowcami byli obywatele zachodnich
mo...
carstw okupacyjnych
Na_odcinku_ekscortu bizonalnego zaobserwowad motna
rywalizacje_i walk monopoli amerykalskidt z_angielskimid
Walka-polegn na tym, ke kada z tych grup_pragnie
ukoztaltowad handel zagraniczny_Niemiec Zachodnich
zgodnie z wlasnymi interesami, a te czestokro6 sg roz -
bietne a nawat przeciwstawne. Stany Zjednoczone trak-
tujg.handel zagraniczny Stref Zachodnich jao 07,06
wiasnego handlu_zagraniaznego. Monopole ameryk9lAskie
jut opRnowaly bardzo znaczng cze66 przemysiu niemiec ,
kiego. Na tie tej tendencji do finansowego opanowania
przemyslu doszlo nawet do rftnicy mildzy Stanami
Zjednoczonymi a rigIi inglicy nie rozporzgdzajgcy
takimiArodkami finansowymi jak_Xmeryka, niechetnym
okiem patrzg na ekspansj.e kapitaiu ameryka4skiego w
Niemczech ? stO-jg nA stanowisku, ke Stasy..1121e,
Elam_2LTaniczy6 wyn_une do zachowania kplital6w
zainwestowanz_c_h_R-zod wolnla Tymczasem StRny Z"Icano-
ozone cAwiadczyly, ;:te w dalezym ciggu kontynuowho bd
swojg ofenauticapitAIowg. WlaAnie_ta r6tnica zdd
znajduje sie u ir6dIa, ostrej kampanii, prowRdzonej
przez Angliq przeciwko tZWG konkurencji niemieckiej
W istocie w chwili Dbecnej niegro6na ,leat
konkurencja niemiocka9 ale konkurencja amerykarisko
niemiecka.
Plan Marshalla rozwiclzuje zagadnienie konkurencji_
zmuszajgc katdy kr91 uczestniczgcy w nim do ogrgnicz,JniR
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produkaji do tych azialow; w ktorych le* to w interoz$io
ameryk48kimQ Stroy 2lchodnie w tym szomcie winny
81.2 ?spo4alizowa6 pzede wszystktm w przemy6lo zbrojo-
niowym.i, a n!istvJni tych artykul6wy kt6ro nie kunIrunljg
z amorykaAskimt, ;1M mog4 konkurowad z angiLakio
Monopole Angioiskie znjmuclq oczywApte
WysunrIy one n,p,, p.rolekt_utworzenta nowago
strilowego, obejmujogo cake hutnictwo zachodnio -
GuropojBkio0 If Pi4rj OWfifU7_too_prou
ntowypkw_natolph_zakIdach_prz