SUBSECTON IB TYPE B MISSILE SUPPORT BASES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82T00709R000200580001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 35
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 1, 1982
• Content Type: REPORT

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Subsection IB
Type B Missile Support Bases (S)
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SECRET
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Biii
Introduction to Subsection 16 ........................................................................................................................1-B
Tonghua Complex
Introduction
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2 .........................................................................16-Tonghua-2
Launch Group A
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1 ......................................................................1B-Tonghua-4
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1A ...................................................................1B-Tonghua-6
Launch Group B
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2A ...................................................................16-Tonghua-8
Launch Group C
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 3 ....................................................................1B-Tonghua-10
Lianxiwang Missile Launch Complex SSM
Introduction
Launch Group A
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1 ..............................................................1B-Lianxiwang-2
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1A ...........................................................1B-Lianxiwang-4
Launch Group B
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2 ..............................................................1B-Lianxiwang-6
Launch Group C
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 3 ..............................................................1B-Lianxiwang-8
Jianshui Missile Launch Complex SSM
Introduction
Launch Group A
Jianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1 .........................................................................1B-Jianshui-2
Launch Group B
Jianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2 .........................................................................16-Jianshui-4
Liuqingkou Missile Launch Complex SSM
Introduction
Launch Group A
Liuqingkou SSM Launch Complex Garrison ................................................................1B-Liuqingkou-2
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PREFACE
Report Overview
1. (S/WN) This subsection of the compendium contains an overall introduction and an introduction
and a map for each complex and regimental (possibly launch group) area. Following the introduction to
each regimental area are the 'individual basic reports on each type B missile support base.
Notes for the Reader
2. (S/WN) Each individual basic report contains textual information which is formatted by subject so
that comparisons are easier for the reader. The photograph of each base shows all drive-in cave
~fhe photographs show all the buildings for housing, support, and GSE storage. The
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buildings at the bases may be considerably scattered over an area of 1 to 5 km. All buildings have been
measured and accounted for in the text for each individual basic report.
3. (S/WN) It was not practical to present a chronology of construction and missile equipment
observations by each date of photographic coverage because the imagery record for each base spans up
to 16 years. Coverage also has been sporadic This 25X1
hiatus and the poor resolution of the imagery acquired prior to 1972 considerably reduced the amount of
obtainable information.
4. (S/WN) In each basic report, construction activity was sometimes dated within a span of time-
from negation date to the date first observed-because of a lack of coverage and poor resolution. Where
evidence from photography was sufficient, a judgment was made as to the probable time of construction
within the time span.
5. (S/WN) The floorspace of buildings used for housing is presented in square meters. It was
determined that the floorspace in barracks averages 80 percent of the measured roof area. Terms such as
"company-sized unit" and "company-sized area" indicate a military unit of from 90 to 140 people or the
housing space to accommodate a unit of that size at a ratio of 4.6 square meters of floorspace per person.
The buildings used for housing at missile bases were often geographically separated into company-sized
areas, each with one messhall and one basketball court. The number of company-sized areas, as well as
total floorspace and other data to indicate personnel strength and organization, are presented in each
basic report.
DIA. Missile Order of Battle: Asian Communist Countries (U), 1ul 81 (SECRET
W N I NTEL/NOCONTRACT*)
COMIREX A01
Project 542053A
Distribution 86-001
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 SUBSECTION IB: TYPE B MISSILE SUPPORT BASES (S)
INTRODUCTION
Definition
Type B Missile Support Base
1. (S/WN) A type B missile support base is essentially a type A missile support base that is located in
a missile launch complex. Type B missile support bases serve as storage installations for missiles, missile
launchers, and GSE which are not associated with a particular launch site in the complex. Storage is in
buildings or caves, or both. Type B missile support bases are located only in launch site complexes and
are termed SSM launch complex garrisons by many in the US intelligence community. Type B missile
support bases support the Chinese SRBM, CSS-1 MRBM, and CSS-2 IRBM systems.
Number and Location
2. (S/WN) Through March 1982, NPIC had identified 12 type B bases in China. They are located in
all four CSS-1 and CSS-2 launch complexes-Tonghua, Lianxiwang, Jianshui, and Liugingkou (Figure 1).
The following installations are classified as type B missile support bases (listed by complex and by the
order they were established in the complex).
Date of
Initial
Installation Name Construction
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2 1964
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1 1965
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1A 1965
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2A 1968
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 3 1968
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1 1965
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1A 1966
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2 1965
Lianxiwang S5M Launch Complex Garrison 3 1972
Jianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1 1974
Jianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2 1974
Liugingkou SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1973
General Description and Comparison
3. (S/WN) None of the 12 type B missile support bases is similar to another. The common element
among them is a missile storage building or missile storage cave; some bases have both. A few installa-
tions contain only one missile storage building or cave, which is sufficient to store one launcher (the
missile on its transporter and its T/E) or two missiles on their transporters. Other bases contain space for
six to ten launchers. The same space could be used to store up to 20 missiles..Likewise, housing space
indicates that from as few as 50 to as many as 900 personnel could be accommodated at some of the type
B bases.
4. (S/WN) The disparities between each base-size, configuration, and the type of structures-have
led to uncertainty about the function of launch complex garrisons. Given that type B bases are storing
missiles and/or missile launchers, how are the missiles or launchers (and any other GSE stored there) used
in the surrounding complex in a deployment scheme?
function
5. (S/WN) The missiles, launchers, and GSE stored at type B missile bases are not sufficient to form
complete launch units. One possibility is that equipment which is lacking, primarily propellants and
support vehicles, would be supplied during deployment to complete the launch units. Alternatively, the
missiles and GSE at type B bases could be used to replace defective equipment at launch units in
surrounding launch site garrisons. In the former case, the type B installations would be operating exactly
as type A missile bases (field garrisons). In the latter, the type B installation would be operating as a rear
services or logistical element of the surrounding launch group. A launch group is a regiment-sized
element of the missile forces. To best answer the question of function, activity at each launch complex
garrison must be reviewed historically and activity there placed in context with activity at surrounding
components of the launch complex.
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6. (S/WN) A historical review of imagery shows that the oldest of the type B missile bases operated
as separate bases, the same as type A missile bases. The oldest type B bases are Tonghua SSM Complex?
Garrisons 1 and 2 (Figure 2) and Lianxiwang SSM Complex Garrisons 1, 1A, and 2. These missile bases
were constructed in the 1964-1967 timeframe and portions of them were usable in late 1965 or 1966
(Figure 3). In 1967, surrounding launch site garrisons (type C missile support bases) were in the early stage
of construction; their caves and tunnels were not completed until the 1970s. Therefore, in the mid-1960s,
type B bases were not operating in support of units deployed at type C missile bases.
7. (S/WN) With the identification of the missile RTPs serving Tonghua and Lianxiwan com lexes
(Tonghua SSM Rail-to-road Transfer Facility 1,Dand Lianxiwang SSM RTP , it
became possible to review activity which occurred in the 1960s at each RTP to determine if deployment
had taken place in the complex. It was noted that both RTPs were operational by late 1966 or early 1967
and that missile railcars were there throughout the late 1960s. The low resolution of available imagery in
the 1960s precluded identification of missile equipment in type B missile bases but was sufficient to show
that missile equipment was being supplied to them through the associated RTPs.
8. (S/WN) Though one or two SRBM units apparently were brought to Tonghua and Lianxiwang
complexes in 1965 and 1966, the CSS-1 MRBM was the principal missile system in these complexes
through the 1960s. With the buildup of tensions with the Soviet Union, MRBM basing was extended from
the complex garrisons to many of the unfinished launch site garrisons {Figure 4) being built for CSS-2
deployment in the 1970s.
9. (S/WN) New MRBM bases were constructed at launch site garrisons in reaction to the Soviet
threat. They were simple to construct, consisting only of a few GSE storage garages, a missile checkout/-
storage building, and acompany-sized housing area (Figure 5). The bases were erected quickly, as a
contingency, without interrupting construction on the caves and tunnels of the launch site garrisons, Like
types A and B missile support bases, the new MRBM bases also could not store complete launch units and
had to be supplied with additional equipment, primarily propellants, before the launch unit was opera-
tional. Also as a contingency in 1968 and 1969, a launch pad was constructed at nine of the 12 Tonghua
launch site garrisons, eight of the 16 Lianxiwang launch site garrisons, and two of the four Liugingkou
launch site garrisons (Figure 6). A missile checkout/storage building or shelter (the principal element of
one of the contingency MRBM bases) was observed at 11 of the 19 launch site garrisons where a launch
pad had been built. Together with the missile checkout/storage buildings at the type B missile support
bases already completed, there was, at the end of 1969, nearly aone-to-one ratio between completed
launch pads and completed missile checkout/storage buildings at Tonghua and Lianxiwang and com-
pleted earth-covered shelters at Liugingkou. Continued . 1B-6
~ i' )
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:.Improved Road
Railroad
TONGHUA
Type B Missile Support Base
SRBM CheckoutlStorage Bldg
MRBM Checkout/Storage Bldg
Missile Storage Cave
SUSPECT
LAUNCH
AREA 1
FIGURE 2. LOCATION OF SRBM AND CSS-1 MRBM TYPE B MISSILE SUPPORT BASES AT TONGHUA MISSILE
LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM IN DECEMBER 1967
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Improved Road
Railroad
Launch Complex Garrison
(Type B MSB?
? SRBM Checkout/Storage Bldg
? MRBM Checkout/Storage Bldg
?~ Missile Storage Cave. or Tunnel
~ Usable Launch Pad at Launch
Site Garrison (Type C MSB) Ucon
FIGURE 4. LOCATION OF SRBM AND CSS-1 MRBM TYPE B MISSILE SUPPORT BASES AND USABLE LAUNCH PADS
AT TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM IN DECEMBER 1969
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a missile storage cave like those at Xuanhua SSM Depot ~ However, this v i m h
larger and may contain as much space for missile storage as do all of the caves at Xuanhua.
Tonghua RTP 2 provides easy and
direct access to this part of Tonghua complex.
18. (S/WN) Liugingkou SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1 should probably be redesignated. It con-
tains an odd-sized, single-bay building, apparently used basically for missile and vehicle repair or mainte-
nance, and one vehicle garage. There is no launcher storage area and the facility is more properly
designated as a RIM facility. Liuqingkou Complex does not have another RIM facility. Additionally,
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2A appears, in part, to be also operating as a RIM facility.
)ianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2 is, except for one building, a typical regimental motor pool
area. Since the launch group around this facility has been recently occupied by CSS-2 equipment, it
probably functions as a motor pool, which was its original function. Tonghua SSM Launch Complex
Garrison 3 has`been abandoned as abase, and construction on its underground GSE storage area has also
been abandoned. More details on each of these facilities are presented in the basic reports in Section IB.
19. (S/WN) The remaining six active type B missile support bases are more similar to each other and
are closely associated with the launch groups next to or surrounding them. They contain missile check-
out/storage buildings and garages (Figure 7), and some have small caves. Together with the propellant
and propellant vehicle storage facility in each launch group (a launch regiment area), the missile equip-
ment in these six type B missile bases constitutes a sizable element to support the regiment where they
are located. Presently, where a launch group is occupied by CSS-2 units, the type B base and propellant
storage facility in it are most likely organized as a subordinate support (rear services) element of the
launch regiment. Therefore, on a day-to-day basis, the equipment in the type B base would be available
as replacements to the launch units in the regiment. During periods when the regiment or an element of
the regiment has deployed to the field outside of the complex, the equipment could be used in several
ways, depending on the circumstances-to replace damaged equipment, to provide the means for refire,
or to equip missile launch companies which do not have a complete set of equipment.
20. (S/WN) The information in this subsection supersedes the previously published NPIC basic
reports listed below.
RCA-01/0008/74, Jan 74 (TOP SECRET
RCA-01/0007/74, Jan 74 (TOP SECRET
RCA-01/0011/74, Feb 74 (TOP SECRET
RCA-01/0003/73, Oct 72 (TOP SECRET
RCA-01/0009/74, Feb 74 (TOP SECRET
RCA-01/0010/74, Feb 74 (TOP SECRET
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Army or Division Level
Support Area
Buried Communications Cabie
Launch Complex Garrison
'? Launch Site Garrison
Improved Road
Railroad
~ LAUN 1
GR~
TONGHUA
LAUNCH
GROUP A
LAUNCH
.GROUP B
FIGURE 1. TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM, CHINA
1 B-Tonghua-1
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HUN JIANG,~
TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH
COMPLEX SSM (S)
1. (S/WN) The Ton hua Missile Launch
Complex SSM is in northeastern
China. The comp ex contains 12 launch site garri-
sons (type C missile support bases). The launch site
garrisons are organized by groups of four into a
total of three launch groups, designated A, B, and
C (Figure 1). Each launch group is administered
from aregiment-level headquarters, SSM Regi-
ment Headquarters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The
Tonghua Complex also contains five type B mis-
sile support bases, called complex garrisons. One
army or division headquarters installation has been
identified as a part of the Tonghua complex.
2. (S/WN) The launch site garrisons are
served directly by road. Paved all-weather roads
lead to each launch group, but roads within the
launch group are composed of packed earth that
is probably overlain with gravel, There is rail ser-
vice directly to the complex, and three RTPs have
been identified. Electric power is supplied from
the local power grid via aboveground lines.
Aboveground and buried communications lines
extend to all areas of the complex.
3. IS/WN) The launch site and complex gar-
risons and support areas of Tonghua complex are
in separate valleys in a mountainous and forested
area surrounding the city of Tonghua. Winters are
severe and there is snow cover four to five months
of the year. Summers are mild with moderate
rainfall. The steep mountainsides provide the iso-
lation and physical security for the missile installa-
tions. Fences are not used. There are guardposts
along the access road to each valley where a
missile installation is located. A lift gate is across
the road leading to each launch site garrison.
4. (S/WN) SRBMs were probably deployed
to the Tonghua complex as early as 1965. Portions
of what is now Tonghua Launch Complex Garrison
20 were complete in May 1965,
including one missile storage/checkout building,
garages, and barracks, SSM-associated railcars
were first confirmed at the complex in September
1967. Missile-associated vehicles could not be
identified until June 1971 when medium-resolu-
tion photography was first available. Both CSS-1
and CSS-2 equipment were observed, indicating
that both systems already were deployed at Ton-
ghua complex in 1971. By 1972, more than 30
missile railcars and propellant railcars were seen at
one time in the railyard. The complex has grown
gradually but continually throughout the 1970s as
well as during the 1960s.
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Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0290-17, scale 1;200,000
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2, originally designated Possible SSM Launch
Site 3 and later SSM Complex Support Facility, is one of five type B missile support bases in Tonghua
Missile Launch Complex SSM, China (Figure 1). It is the oldest part of the complex and was operating in
1965 independently of any launch group. It still appears to provide support to the complex as a whole,
rather than to any particular launch group. The base is approximately 11 km by road from Tonghua SSM
RTP 2 0 and extends for 5 km through a forested mountain valley. Both buried and
aboveground communications lines serve the garrison. Power is supplied through the local power grid.
Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains aboveground and below ground storage for missiles and missile
GSE, a hardened command post, and a barracks and housing area (Figure 2).
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Surface storage for missiles is provided by missile checkout/stora e buildin s one single
bay and two double bay (Figure 2B). One of the double-bay buildings nd was
built in 1965 to accommodate SRBM-sized equipment. It is, however, long enough to accommodate CSS-
2 IRBM transporters which have been observed at the base since 1970. Surface GSE storage is in five
buildings which contain a total of 30 equipment bays,
3. (S/WN) There are four drive-in caves, two of which have been confirmed as missile and/or
missile GSE storage.
T e cave is service y a
loop road and had rail guides extending from the alit, However, t e rai gui es apparently were removed
in the mid-1970s. Based on the amount of spoil removed, this cave is approximately 100 to 150 meters
long if the coring for the cave was 5 meters high and 4 meters wide. In late 1980, the entranceway was
extended and clamshell-type (convex) blast doors installed.
4. (S/WN) A very large missile storage cave (Figure 2C) is located 1.1 kmsouth-southwest of the first
cave. Based on the amount of spoil removed, it is the largest single cave or tunnel in any of China's
missile launch complexes. If it is a single cave, it could be nearly 1 km in length. Because both missile
storage cave entrances are on the same elevation, it is conceivable that they are connected (Figures 26
and 2C). This very large cave is apparently used solely for the storage of missiles on transporters and T/Es,
based on equipment sightings and the rail guide-to-road transfer system at the entrance. Guide rails
extend 175 meters from the alit where they are parallel with adouble-loop road. This configuration
enables two missile transfer operations to proceed simultaneously. Recent construction, however, has
blocked one of the loops. A cave for environmental control equipment for the missile storage cave is 36
meters southeast of the large missile storage cave. Coal for a heating system is outside the walk-in
entrance, and two large stacks or ventilators are on the hillside above the cave.
5. (S/WN) At the south end of the garrison (figure 2C), two new drive-in caves, two flat-roofed
buildings, and one walk-in cave were completed in 1981, No GSE has been observed nearby to provide
evidence of the function or the purpose of the new area. Following interior modifications to the
environmental control cave, from December 1974 to May 1979, a buried pipeline was installed between it
and aflat-roofed building 306 meters to the south. The pipeline passes but does not enter one of the
drive-in caves where a door openin and 3.0 meters high has been observed (Figure 2C).
The door opening was concealed before blast doors could be observed on the alit.
Other Storage
6. (S/WN) No other storage was observed except for 19 small personnel support/general storage
buildings. A hardened command post for the garrison (inset, Figure 2A) is located at the north end of the
facility. It consists of one walk-in cave, one barracks with an attached kitchen, one barracks and support
building, and one basketball court.
Barracks and Housing Areas
7. (S/WN) Base housing facilities consist of 30 barracks and five messhalls situated in five physically
separate areas (Figures 2A, B, and C). Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains 4,049 square meters of
barracks floorspace to accommodate 880 personnel representing five to seven company-sized units.
Seven basketball courts, five messhalls, and an auditorium are within the garrison.
Construction Chronology and Status
8. (S/WN) Initial construction was observed in July 1964. By May 1965, two missile checkout and
storage buildings were complete and the missile forage cave was under construc-
tion. By late 1965, a buried communications cable had been completed through the facility from the
hardened command post (inset, Figure 2A), located 1,5 km north of the garrison, and 22 buildings were
complete. In addition, the northernmost missile storage cave was probably usable and the large missile
storage cave was under construction.
9. (S/WN) Except for the south end of the facility, the garrison had attained its present form by the
end of 1967. Construction continued on the large missile storage cave until it was finished in late 1969. In
March 1970, a probable CSS-2 missile transporter was observed on the road leading to the cave.
Construction activity continued in the same area, and the walk-in cave 36 meters to the southeast was
considerably enlarged.
10. (S/WN) From 1971 through 1974, three barracks and one support building were added to the
garrison, followed by refurbishment of the single-bay, drive-in checkout building. A third missile
checkout/storage building was also added, which increased aboveground missile storage capacity to five
bays. Initial excavation of a third drive-in storage cave approximately 120 meters southeast of the large
missile storage cave was confirmed in November 1975. Aseven-bay addition to an existing vehicle garage
and a foundation for an auditorium were added in the fall of 1976. Work on the auditorium was finished
in July 1977. In September 1977, construction of the southernmost drive-in storage cave was initiated.
11. (S/WN) In 1978, a support building on the loop road next to the northernmost storage cave was
razed and two barracks and a messhall were added to the base in the southern area. A new, flat-roofed
support building, was built approximately 20 meters north of the new
drive-in GSE storage cave on the east side of the stream. In January 1979, a second flat-roofed support
building was under construction at the south end of the garrison, 140 meters southeast of the cave.
During the latter half of 1979, the cave and second support building were completed.
12. {S/WN) Construction activity at the southern end of the garrison continued through 1980.
Excavation of the drive-in cave and associated walk-in cave on the west side of the stream and installation
of the pipeline were nearly complete. In 1981, construction cleanup and landscaping work was in
progress at the south end of the garrison, and new clamshell-type blast doors were confirmed on the
missile storage cave. No changes were observed during late 1981 and early 1982. The
function of the most recently completed facilities at the southern end of the garrison remained unknown.
Missile System Association and Activity
13. (S/WN) Limited field deployment of the Chinese SRBM is believed to have occurred at Tonghua
SSM Complex beginning in 1965. However, because of constraints imposed by low-resolution imaging
systems, confirmation/identification of equipment and possible SRBM bases did not occur until 1972.
Although restricted by imagery of poor interpretability, analysis of activity at Launch Complex Garrison 2
from 1965 to 1969 indicated that the base was operationally associated with the deployment of China's
first missile systems-the SRBM and the CSS-1 MRBM.
14. (S/WN) In March 1970, probable CSS-2 GSE was identified for the first time in the garrison. By
February 1974, CSS-2 transporters had been confirmed on at least 15 occasions. Following the completion
of additional GSE storage buildings in 1974, quantities of CSS-2 launch support vehicles increased;
however, sightings of missile transporters decreased. Appearances of CSS-1 equipment in the garrison
remained infrequent. An A-frame crane, associated with the CSS-1 MRBM complement, was confirmed
on imagery in 1975 and 1979. Activity involving two CSS-2 transporters was observed from 1973 through
1976. Frequently, the transporters were seen adjacent to and partially enclosed by the drive-in missile
checkout/storage buildings,
15. (S/WN) An increase in GSE occurred in 1979 and 1980. In May 1979, two warhead vans were
parked near the 14-bay garage. Five support vehicles and aCSS-2 transporter were in the south support
area. Subsequent imagery in the fall of 1980 revealed that the number of warhead vans had increased to
four and at least five other support vehicles, including struck-mounted crane, were present. Sightings of
missile-related equipment have been infrequent since the fall of 1980, following the completion of an
additional five-bay vehicle garage in the north support area. Activity involving missile GSE occurred in
October 1981, when a missile checkout tent, a probable warhead van, and two support vans were
adjacent to the entrance of the northernmost storage cave. This activity, which had ended by 15 October,
was the most recent missile-related activity observed through February 1982.
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Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0290-17, scale 1;200,000
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2, originally designated Possible SSM Launch
Site 3 and later SSM Complex Support Facility, is one of five type B missile support bases in Tonghua
Missile Launch Complex SSM, China (Figure 1). It is the oldest part of the complex and was operating in
1965 independently of any launch group. It still appears to provide support to the complex as a whole,
rather than to any particular launch group. The base is approximately 11 km by road from Tonghua SSM
RTP 2 0 and extends for 5 km through a forested mountain valley. Both buried and
aboveground communications lines serve the garrison. Power is supplied through the local power grid.
Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains aboveground and below ground storage for missiles and missile
GSE, a hardened command post, and a barracks and housing area (Figure 2).
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Surface storage for missiles is provided by missile checkout/stora e buildin s one single
bay and two double bay (Figure 2B). One of the double-bay buildings nd was
built in 1965 to accommodate SRBM-sized equipment. It is, however, long enough to accommodate CSS-
2 IRBM transporters which have been observed at the base since 1970. Surface GSE storage is in five
buildings which contain a total of 30 equipment bays,
3. (S/WN) There are four drive-in caves, two of which have been confirmed as missile and/or
missile GSE storage.
T e cave is service y a
loop road and had rail guides extending from the alit, However, t e rai gui es apparently were removed
in the mid-1970s. Based on the amount of spoil removed, this cave is approximately 100 to 150 meters
long if the coring for the cave was 5 meters high and 4 meters wide. In late 1980, the entranceway was
extended and clamshell-type (convex) blast doors installed.
4. (S/WN) A very large missile storage cave (Figure 2C) is located 1.1 kmsouth-southwest of the first
cave. Based on the amount of spoil removed, it is the largest single cave or tunnel in any of China's
missile launch complexes. If it is a single cave, it could be nearly 1 km in length. Because both missile
storage cave entrances are on the same elevation, it is conceivable that they are connected (Figures 26
and 2C). This very large cave is apparently used solely for the storage of missiles on transporters and T/Es,
based on equipment sightings and the rail guide-to-road transfer system at the entrance. Guide rails
extend 175 meters from the alit where they are parallel with adouble-loop road. This configuration
enables two missile transfer operations to proceed simultaneously. Recent construction, however, has
blocked one of the loops. A cave for environmental control equipment for the missile storage cave is 36
meters southeast of the large missile storage cave. Coal for a heating system is outside the walk-in
entrance, and two large stacks or ventilators are on the hillside above the cave.
5. (S/WN) At the south end of the garrison (figure 2C), two new drive-in caves, two flat-roofed
buildings, and one walk-in cave were completed in 1981, No GSE has been observed nearby to provide
evidence of the function or the purpose of the new area. Following interior modifications to the
environmental control cave, from December 1974 to May 1979, a buried pipeline was installed between it
and aflat-roofed building 306 meters to the south. The pipeline passes but does not enter one of the
drive-in caves where a door openin and 3.0 meters high has been observed (Figure 2C).
The door opening was concealed before blast doors could be observed on the alit.
Other Storage
6. (S/WN) No other storage was observed except for 19 small personnel support/general storage
buildings. A hardened command post for the garrison (inset, Figure 2A) is located at the north end of the
facility. It consists of one walk-in cave, one barracks with an attached kitchen, one barracks and support
building, and one basketball court.
Barracks and Housing Areas
7. (S/WN) Base housing facilities consist of 30 barracks and five messhalls situated in five physically
separate areas (Figures 2A, B, and C). Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains 4,049 square meters of
barracks floorspace to accommodate 880 personnel representing five to seven company-sized units.
Seven basketball courts, five messhalls, and an auditorium are within the garrison.
Construction Chronology and Status
8. (S/WN) Initial construction was observed in July 1964. By May 1965, two missile checkout and
storage buildings were complete and the missile forage cave was under construc-
tion. By late 1965, a buried communications cable had been completed through the facility from the
hardened command post (inset, Figure 2A), located 1,5 km north of the garrison, and 22 buildings were
complete. In addition, the northernmost missile storage cave was probably usable and the large missile
storage cave was under construction.
9. (S/WN) Except for the south end of the facility, the garrison had attained its present form by the
end of 1967. Construction continued on the large missile storage cave until it was finished in late 1969. In
March 1970, a probable CSS-2 missile transporter was observed on the road leading to the cave.
Construction activity continued in the same area, and the walk-in cave 36 meters to the southeast was
considerably enlarged.
10. (S/WN) From 1971 through 1974, three barracks and one support building were added to the
garrison, followed by refurbishment of the single-bay, drive-in checkout building. A third missile
checkout/storage building was also added, which increased aboveground missile storage capacity to five
bays. Initial excavation of a third drive-in storage cave approximately 120 meters southeast of the large
missile storage cave was confirmed in November 1975. Aseven-bay addition to an existing vehicle garage
and a foundation for an auditorium were added in the fall of 1976. Work on the auditorium was finished
in July 1977. In September 1977, construction of the southernmost drive-in storage cave was initiated.
11. (S/WN) In 1978, a support building on the loop road next to the northernmost storage cave was
razed and two barracks and a messhall were added to the base in the southern area. A new, flat-roofed
support building, was built approximately 20 meters north of the new
drive-in GSE storage cave on the east side of the stream. In January 1979, a second flat-roofed support
building was under construction at the south end of the garrison, 140 meters southeast of the cave.
During the latter half of 1979, the cave and second support building were completed.
12. {S/WN) Construction activity at the southern end of the garrison continued through 1980.
Excavation of the drive-in cave and associated walk-in cave on the west side of the stream and installation
of the pipeline were nearly complete. In 1981, construction cleanup and landscaping work was in
progress at the south end of the garrison, and new clamshell-type blast doors were confirmed on the
missile storage cave. No changes were observed during late 1981 and early 1982. The
function of the most recently completed facilities at the southern end of the garrison remained unknown.
Missile System Association and Activity
13. (S/WN) Limited field deployment of the Chinese SRBM is believed to have occurred at Tonghua
SSM Complex beginning in 1965. However, because of constraints imposed by low-resolution imaging
systems, confirmation/identification of equipment and possible SRBM bases did not occur until 1972.
Although restricted by imagery of poor interpretability, analysis of activity at Launch Complex Garrison 2
from 1965 to 1969 indicated that the base was operationally associated with the deployment of China's
first missile systems-the SRBM and the CSS-1 MRBM.
14. (S/WN) In March 1970, probable CSS-2 GSE was identified for the first time in the garrison. By
February 1974, CSS-2 transporters had been confirmed on at least 15 occasions. Following the completion
of additional GSE storage buildings in 1974, quantities of CSS-2 launch support vehicles increased;
however, sightings of missile transporters decreased. Appearances of CSS-1 equipment in the garrison
remained infrequent. An A-frame crane, associated with the CSS-1 MRBM complement, was confirmed
on imagery in 1975 and 1979. Activity involving two CSS-2 transporters was observed from 1973 through
1976. Frequently, the transporters were seen adjacent to and partially enclosed by the drive-in missile
checkout/storage buildings,
15. (S/WN) An increase in GSE occurred in 1979 and 1980. In May 1979, two warhead vans were
parked near the 14-bay garage. Five support vehicles and aCSS-2 transporter were in the south support
area. Subsequent imagery in the fall of 1980 revealed that the number of warhead vans had increased to
four and at least five other support vehicles, including struck-mounted crane, were present. Sightings of
missile-related equipment have been infrequent since the fall of 1980, following the completion of an
additional five-bay vehicle garage in the north support area. Activity involving missile GSE occurred in
October 1981, when a missile checkout tent, a probable warhead van, and two support vans were
adjacent to the entrance of the northernmost storage cave. This activity, which had ended by 15 October,
was the most recent missile-related activity observed through February 1982.
1 B-Tonghua-2
Z-14578/82 SECRET
RCA-01/0006/82
25X1
25X1
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/07 :CIA-RDP82T00709R000200580001-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/07 :CIA-RDP82T00709R000200580001-2
SECRET
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0290-17, scale 1;200,000
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2, originally designated Possible SSM Launch
Site 3 and later SSM Complex Support Facility, is one of five type B missile support bases in Tonghua
Missile Launch Complex SSM, China (Figure 1). It is the oldest part of the complex and was operating in
1965 independently of any launch group. It still appears to provide support to the complex as a whole,
rather than to any particular launch group. The base is approximately 11 km by road from Tonghua SSM
RTP 2 0 and extends for 5 km through a forested mountain valley. Both buried and
aboveground communications lines serve the garrison. Power is supplied through the local power grid.
Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains aboveground and below ground storage for missiles and missile
GSE, a hardened command post, and a barracks and housing area (Figure 2).
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Surface storage for missiles is provided by missile checkout/stora e buildin s one single
bay and two double bay (Figure 2B). One of the double-bay buildings nd was
built in 1965 to accommodate SRBM-sized equipment. It is, however, long enough to accommodate CSS-
2 IRBM transporters which have been observed at the base since 1970. Surface GSE storage is in five
buildings which contain a total of 30 equipment bays,
3. (S/WN) There are four drive-in caves, two of which have been confirmed as missile and/or
missile GSE storage.
T e cave is service y a
loop road and had rail guides extending from the alit, However, t e rai gui es apparently were removed
in the mid-1970s. Based on the amount of spoil removed, this cave is approximately 100 to 150 meters
long if the coring for the cave was 5 meters high and 4 meters wide. In late 1980, the entranceway was
extended and clamshell-type (convex) blast doors installed.
4. (S/WN) A very large missile storage cave (Figure 2C) is located 1.1 kmsouth-southwest of the first
cave. Based on the amount of spoil removed, it is the largest single cave or tunnel in any of China's
missile launch complexes. If it is a single cave, it could be nearly 1 km in length. Because both missile
storage cave entrances are on the same elevation, it is conceivable that they are connected (Figures 26
and 2C). This very large cave is apparently used solely for the storage of missiles on transporters and T/Es,
based on equipment sightings and the rail guide-to-road transfer system at the entrance. Guide rails
extend 175 meters from the alit where they are parallel with adouble-loop road. This configuration
enables two missile transfer operations to proceed simultaneously. Recent construction, however, has
blocked one of the loops. A cave for environmental control equipment for the missile storage cave is 36
meters southeast of the large missile storage cave. Coal for a heating system is outside the walk-in
entrance, and two large stacks or ventilators are on the hillside above the cave.
5. (S/WN) At the south end of the garrison (figure 2C), two new drive-in caves, two flat-roofed
buildings, and one walk-in cave were completed in 1981, No GSE has been observed nearby to provide
evidence of the function or the purpose of the new area. Following interior modifications to the
environmental control cave, from December 1974 to May 1979, a buried pipeline was installed between it
and aflat-roofed building 306 meters to the south. The pipeline passes but does not enter one of the
drive-in caves where a door openin and 3.0 meters high has been observed (Figure 2C).
The door opening was concealed before blast doors could be observed on the alit.
Other Storage
6. (S/WN) No other storage was observed except for 19 small personnel support/general storage
buildings. A hardened command post for the garrison (inset, Figure 2A) is located at the north end of the
facility. It consists of one walk-in cave, one barracks with an attached kitchen, one barracks and support
building, and one basketball court.
Barracks and Housing Areas
7. (S/WN) Base housing facilities consist of 30 barracks and five messhalls situated in five physically
separate areas (Figures 2A, B, and C). Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains 4,049 square meters of
barracks floorspace to accommodate 880 personnel representing five to seven company-sized units.
Seven basketball courts, five messhalls, and an auditorium are within the garrison.
Construction Chronology and Status
8. (S/WN) Initial construction was observed in July 1964. By May 1965, two missile checkout and
storage buildings were complete and the missile forage cave was under construc-
tion. By late 1965, a buried communications cable had been completed through the facility from the
hardened command post (inset, Figure 2A), located 1,5 km north of the garrison, and 22 buildings were
complete. In addition, the northernmost missile storage cave was probably usable and the large missile
storage cave was under construction.
9. (S/WN) Except for the south end of the facility, the garrison had attained its present form by the
end of 1967. Construction continued on the large missile storage cave until it was finished in late 1969. In
March 1970, a probable CSS-2 missile transporter was observed on the road leading to the cave.
Construction activity continued in the same area, and the walk-in cave 36 meters to the southeast was
considerably enlarged.
10. (S/WN) From 1971 through 1974, three barracks and one support building were added to the
garrison, followed by refurbishment of the single-bay, drive-in checkout building. A third missile
checkout/storage building was also added, which increased aboveground missile storage capacity to five
bays. Initial excavation of a third drive-in storage cave approximately 120 meters southeast of the large
missile storage cave was confirmed in November 1975. Aseven-bay addition to an existing vehicle garage
and a foundation for an auditorium were added in the fall of 1976. Work on the auditorium was finished
in July 1977. In September 1977, construction of the southernmost drive-in storage cave was initiated.
11. (S/WN) In 1978, a support building on the loop road next to the northernmost storage cave was
razed and two barracks and a messhall were added to the base in the southern area. A new, flat-roofed
support building, was built approximately 20 meters north of the new
drive-in GSE storage cave on the east side of the stream. In January 1979, a second flat-roofed support
building was under construction at the south end of the garrison, 140 meters southeast of the cave.
During the latter half of 1979, the cave and second support building were completed.
12. {S/WN) Construction activity at the southern end of the garrison continued through 1980.
Excavation of the drive-in cave and associated walk-in cave on the west side of the stream and installation
of the pipeline were nearly complete. In 1981, construction cleanup and landscaping work was in
progress at the south end of the garrison, and new clamshell-type blast doors were confirmed on the
missile storage cave. No changes were observed during late 1981 and early 1982. The
function of the most recently completed facilities at the southern end of the garrison remained unknown.
Missile System Association and Activity
13. (S/WN) Limited field deployment of the Chinese SRBM is believed to have occurred at Tonghua
SSM Complex beginning in 1965. However, because of constraints imposed by low-resolution imaging
systems, confirmation/identification of equipment and possible SRBM bases did not occur until 1972.
Although restricted by imagery of poor interpretability, analysis of activity at Launch Complex Garrison 2
from 1965 to 1969 indicated that the base was operationally associated with the deployment of China's
first missile systems-the SRBM and the CSS-1 MRBM.
14. (S/WN) In March 1970, probable CSS-2 GSE was identified for the first time in the garrison. By
February 1974, CSS-2 transporters had been confirmed on at least 15 occasions. Following the completion
of additional GSE storage buildings in 1974, quantities of CSS-2 launch support vehicles increased;
however, sightings of missile transporters decreased. Appearances of CSS-1 equipment in the garrison
remained infrequent. An A-frame crane, associated with the CSS-1 MRBM complement, was confirmed
on imagery in 1975 and 1979. Activity involving two CSS-2 transporters was observed from 1973 through
1976. Frequently, the transporters were seen adjacent to and partially enclosed by the drive-in missile
checkout/storage buildings,
15. (S/WN) An increase in GSE occurred in 1979 and 1980. In May 1979, two warhead vans were
parked near the 14-bay garage. Five support vehicles and aCSS-2 transporter were in the south support
area. Subsequent imagery in the fall of 1980 revealed that the number of warhead vans had increased to
four and at least five other support vehicles, including struck-mounted crane, were present. Sightings of
missile-related equipment have been infrequent since the fall of 1980, following the completion of an
additional five-bay vehicle garage in the north support area. Activity involving missile GSE occurred in
October 1981, when a missile checkout tent, a probable warhead van, and two support vans were
adjacent to the entrance of the northernmost storage cave. This activity, which had ended by 15 October,
was the most recent missile-related activity observed through February 1982.
1 B-Tonghua-2
Z-14578/82 SECRET
RCA-01/0006/82
25X1
25X1
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/07 :CIA-RDP82T00709R000200580001-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/07 :CIA-RDP82T00709R000200580001-2
SECRET
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0290-17, scale 1;200,000
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2, originally designated Possible SSM Launch
Site 3 and later SSM Complex Support Facility, is one of five type B missile support bases in Tonghua
Missile Launch Complex SSM, China (Figure 1). It is the oldest part of the complex and was operating in
1965 independently of any launch group. It still appears to provide support to the complex as a whole,
rather than to any particular launch group. The base is approximately 11 km by road from Tonghua SSM
RTP 2 0 and extends for 5 km through a forested mountain valley. Both buried and
aboveground communications lines serve the garrison. Power is supplied through the local power grid.
Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains aboveground and below ground storage for missiles and missile
GSE, a hardened command post, and a barracks and housing area (Figure 2).
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Surface storage for missiles is provided by missile checkout/stora e buildin s one single
bay and two double bay (Figure 2B). One of the double-bay buildings nd was
built in 1965 to accommodate SRBM-sized equipment. It is, however, long enough to accommodate CSS-
2 IRBM transporters which have been observed at the base since 1970. Surface GSE storage is in five
buildings which contain a total of 30 equipment bays,
3. (S/WN) There are four drive-in caves, two of which have been confirmed as missile and/or
missile GSE storage.
T e cave is service y a
loop road and had rail guides extending from the alit, However, t e rai gui es apparently were removed
in the mid-1970s. Based on the amount of spoil removed, this cave is approximately 100 to 150 meters
long if the coring for the cave was 5 meters high and 4 meters wide. In late 1980, the entranceway was
extended and clamshell-type (convex) blast doors installed.
4. (S/WN) A very large missile storage cave (Figure 2C) is located 1.1 kmsouth-southwest of the first
cave. Based on the amount of spoil removed, it is the largest single cave or tunnel in any of China's
missile launch complexes. If it is a single cave, it could be nearly 1 km in length. Because both missile
storage cave entrances are on the same elevation, it is conceivable that they are connected (Figures 26
and 2C). This very large cave is apparently used solely for the storage of missiles on transporters and T/Es,
based on equipment sightings and the rail guide-to-road transfer system at the entrance. Guide rails
extend 175 meters from the alit where they are parallel with adouble-loop road. This configuration
enables two missile transfer operations to proceed simultaneously. Recent construction, however, has
blocked one of the loops. A cave for environmental control equipment for the missile storage cave is 36
meters southeast of the large missile storage cave. Coal for a heating system is outside the walk-in
entrance, and two large stacks or ventilators are on the hillside above the cave.
5. (S/WN) At the south end of the garrison (figure 2C), two new drive-in caves, two flat-roofed
buildings, and one walk-in cave were completed in 1981, No GSE has been observed nearby to provide
evidence of the function or the purpose of the new area. Following interior modifications to the
environmental control cave, from December 1974 to May 1979, a buried pipeline was installed between it
and aflat-roofed building 306 meters to the south. The pipeline passes but does not enter one of the
drive-in caves where a door openin and 3.0 meters high has been observed (Figure 2C).
The door opening was concealed before blast doors could be observed on the alit.
Other Storage
6. (S/WN) No other storage was observed except for 19 small personnel support/general storage
buildings. A hardened command post for the garrison (inset, Figure 2A) is located at the north end of the
facility. It consists of one walk-in cave, one barracks with an attached kitchen, one barracks and support
building, and one basketball court.
Barracks and Housing Areas
7. (S/WN) Base housing facilities consist of 30 barracks and five messhalls situated in five physically
separate areas (Figures 2A, B, and C). Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains 4,049 square meters of
barracks floorspace to accommodate 880 personnel representing five to seven company-sized units.
Seven basketball courts, five messhalls, and an auditorium are within the garrison.
Construction Chronology and Status
8. (S/WN) Initial construction was observed in July 1964. By May 1965, two missile checkout and
storage buildings were complete and the missile forage cave was under construc-
tion. By late 1965, a buried communications cable had been completed through the facility from the
hardened command post (inset, Figure 2A), located 1,5 km north of the garrison, and 22 buildings were
complete. In addition, the northernmost missile storage cave was probably usable and the large missile
storage cave was under construction.
9. (S/WN) Except for the south end of the facility, the garrison had attained its present form by the
end of 1967. Construction continued on the large missile storage cave until it was finished in late 1969. In
March 1970, a probable CSS-2 missile transporter was observed on the road leading to the cave.
Construction activity continued in the same area, and the walk-in cave 36 meters to the southeast was
considerably enlarged.
10. (S/WN) From 1971 through 1974, three barracks and one support building were added to the
garrison, followed by refurbishment of the single-bay, drive-in checkout building. A third missile
checkout/storage building was also added, which increased aboveground missile storage capacity to five
bays. Initial excavation of a third drive-in storage cave approximately 120 meters southeast of the large
missile storage cave was confirmed in November 1975. Aseven-bay addition to an existing vehicle garage
and a foundation for an auditorium were added in the fall of 1976. Work on the auditorium was finished
in July 1977. In September 1977, construction of the southernmost drive-in storage cave was initiated.
11. (S/WN) In 1978, a support building on the loop road next to the northernmost storage cave was
razed and two barracks and a messhall were added to the base in the southern area. A new, flat-roofed
support building, was built approximately 20 meters north of the new
drive-in GSE storage cave on the east side of the stream. In January 1979, a second flat-roofed support
building was under construction at the south end of the garrison, 140 meters southeast of the cave.
During the latter half of 1979, the cave and second support building were completed.
12. {S/WN) Construction activity at the southern end of the garrison continued through 1980.
Excavation of the drive-in cave and associated walk-in cave on the west side of the stream and installation
of the pipeline were nearly complete. In 1981, construction cleanup and landscaping work was in
progress at the south end of the garrison, and new clamshell-type blast doors were confirmed on the
missile storage cave. No changes were observed during late 1981 and early 1982. The
function of the most recently completed facilities at the southern end of the garrison remained unknown.
Missile System Association and Activity
13. (S/WN) Limited field deployment of the Chinese SRBM is believed to have occurred at Tonghua
SSM Complex beginning in 1965. However, because of constraints imposed by low-resolution imaging
systems, confirmation/identification of equipment and possible SRBM bases did not occur until 1972.
Although restricted by imagery of poor interpretability, analysis of activity at Launch Complex Garrison 2
from 1965 to 1969 indicated that the base was operationally associated with the deployment of China's
first missile systems-the SRBM and the CSS-1 MRBM.
14. (S/WN) In March 1970, probable CSS-2 GSE was identified for the first time in the garrison. By
February 1974, CSS-2 transporters had been confirmed on at least 15 occasions. Following the completion
of additional GSE storage buildings in 1974, quantities of CSS-2 launch support vehicles increased;
however, sightings of missile transporters decreased. Appearances of CSS-1 equipment in the garrison
remained infrequent. An A-frame crane, associated with the CSS-1 MRBM complement, was confirmed
on imagery in 1975 and 1979. Activity involving two CSS-2 transporters was observed from 1973 through
1976. Frequently, the transporters were seen adjacent to and partially enclosed by the drive-in missile
checkout/storage buildings,
15. (S/WN) An increase in GSE occurred in 1979 and 1980. In May 1979, two warhead vans were
parked near the 14-bay garage. Five support vehicles and aCSS-2 transporter were in the south support
area. Subsequent imagery in the fall of 1980 revealed that the number of warhead vans had increased to
four and at least five other support vehicles, including struck-mounted crane, were present. Sightings of
missile-related equipment have been infrequent since the fall of 1980, following the completion of an
additional five-bay vehicle garage in the north support area. Activity involving missile GSE occurred in
October 1981, when a missile checkout tent, a probable warhead van, and two support vans were
adjacent to the entrance of the northernmost storage cave. This activity, which had ended by 15 October,
was the most recent missile-related activity observed through February 1982.
1 B-Tonghua-2
Z-14578/82 SECRET
RCA-01/0006/82
25X1
25X1
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/07 :CIA-RDP82T00709R000200580001-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/07 :CIA-RDP82T00709R000200580001-2
SECRET
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0290-17, scale 1;200,000
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2, originally designated Possible SSM Launch
Site 3 and later SSM Complex Support Facility, is one of five type B missile support bases in Tonghua
Missile Launch Complex SSM, China (Figure 1). It is the oldest part of the complex and was operating in
1965 independently of any launch group. It still appears to provide support to the complex as a whole,
rather than to any particular launch group. The base is approximately 11 km by road from Tonghua SSM
RTP 2 0 and extends for 5 km through a forested mountain valley. Both buried and
aboveground communications lines serve the garrison. Power is supplied through the local power grid.
Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains aboveground and below ground storage for missiles and missile
GSE, a hardened command post, and a barracks and housing area (Figure 2).
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Surface storage for missiles is provided by missile checkout/stora e buildin s one single
bay and two double bay (Figure 2B). One of the double-bay buildings nd was
built in 1965 to accommodate SRBM-sized equipment. It is, however, long enough to accommodate CSS-
2 IRBM transporters which have been observed at the base since 1970. Surface GSE storage is in five
buildings which contain a total of 30 equipment bays,
3. (S/WN) There are four drive-in caves, two of which have been confirmed as missile and/or
missile GSE storage.
T e cave is service y a
loop road and had rail guides extending from the alit, However, t e rai gui es apparently were removed
in the mid-1970s. Based on the amount of spoil removed, this cave is approximately 100 to 150 meters
long if the coring for the cave was 5 meters high and 4 meters wide. In late 1980, the entranceway was
extended and clamshell-type (convex) blast doors installed.
4. (S/WN) A very large missile storage cave (Figure 2C) is located 1.1 kmsouth-southwest of the first
cave. Based on the amount of spoil removed, it is the largest single cave or tunnel in any of China's
missile launch complexes. If it is a single cave, it could be nearly 1 km in length. Because both missile
storage cave entrances are on the same elevation, it is conceivable that they are connected (Figures 26
and 2C). This very large cave is apparently used solely for the storage of missiles on transporters and T/Es,
based on equipment sightings and the rail guide-to-road transfer system at the entrance. Guide rails
extend 175 meters from the alit where they are parallel with adouble-loop road. This configuration
enables two missile transfer operations to proceed simultaneously. Recent construction, however, has
blocked one of the loops. A cave for environmental control equipment for the missile storage cave is 36
meters southeast of the large missile storage cave. Coal for a heating system is outside the walk-in
entrance, and two large stacks or ventilators are on the hillside above the cave.
5. (S/WN) At the south end of the garrison (figure 2C), two new drive-in caves, two flat-roofed
buildings, and one walk-in cave were completed in 1981, No GSE has been observed nearby to provide
evidence of the function or the purpose of the new area. Following interior modifications to the
environmental control cave, from December 1974 to May 1979, a buried pipeline was installed between it
and aflat-roofed building 306 meters to the south. The pipeline passes but does not enter one of the
drive-in caves where a door openin and 3.0 meters high has been observed (Figure 2C).
The door opening was concealed before blast doors could be observed on the alit.
Other Storage
6. (S/WN) No other storage was observed except for 19 small personnel support/general storage
buildings. A hardened command post for the garrison (inset, Figure 2A) is located at the north end of the
facility. It consists of one walk-in cave, one barracks with an attached kitchen, one barracks and support
building, and one basketball court.
Barracks and Housing Areas
7. (S/WN) Base housing facilities consist of 30 barracks and five messhalls situated in five physically
separate areas (Figures 2A, B, and C). Launch Complex Garrison 2 contains 4,049 square meters of
barracks floorspace to accommodate 880 personnel representing five to seven company-sized units.
Seven basketball courts, five messhalls, and an auditorium are within the garrison.
Construction Chronology and Status
8. (S/WN) Initial construction was observed in July 1964. By May 1965, two missile checkout and
storage buildings were complete and the missile forage cave was under construc-
tion. By late 1965, a buried communications cable had been completed through the facility from the
hardened command post (inset, Figure 2A), located 1,5 km north of the garrison, and 22 buildings were
complete. In addition, the northernmost missile storage cave was probably usable and the large missile
storage cave was under construction.
9. (S/WN) Except for the south end of the facility, the garrison had attained its present form by the
end of 1967. Construction continued on the large missile storage cave until it was finished in late 1969. In
March 1970, a probable CSS-2 missile transporter was observed on the road leading to the cave.
Construction activity continued in the same area, and the walk-in cave 36 meters to the southeast was
considerably enlarged.
10. (S/WN) From 1971 through 1974, three barracks and one support building were added to the
garrison, followed by refurbishment of the single-bay, drive-in checkout building. A third missile
checkout/storage building was also added, which increased aboveground missile storage capacity to five
bays. Initial excavation of a third drive-in storage cave approximately 120 meters southeast of the large
missile storage cave was confirmed in November 1975. Aseven-bay addition to an existing vehicle garage
and a foundation for an auditorium were added in the fall of 1976. Work on the auditorium was finished
in July 1977. In September 1977, construction of the southernmost drive-in storage cave was initiated.
11. (S/WN) In 1978, a support building on the loop road next to the northernmost storage cave was
razed and two barracks and a messhall were added to the base in the southern area. A new, flat-roofed
support building, was built approximately 20 meters north of the new
drive-in GSE storage cave on the east side of the stream. In January 1979, a second flat-roofed support
building was under construction at the south end of the garrison, 140 meters southeast of the cave.
During the latter half of 1979, the cave and second support building were completed.
12. {S/WN) Construction activity at the southern end of the garrison continued through 1980.
Excavation of the drive-in cave and associated walk-in cave on the west side of the stream and installation
of the pipeline were nearly complete. In 1981, construction cleanup and landscaping work was in
progress at the south end of the garrison, and new clamshell-type blast doors were confirmed on the
missile storage cave. No changes were observed during late 1981 and early 1982. The
function of the most recently completed facilities at the southern end of the garrison remained unknown.
Missile System Association and Activity
13. (S/WN) Limited field deployment of the Chinese SRBM is believed to have occurred at Tonghua
SSM Complex beginning in 1965. However, because of constraints imposed by low-resolution imaging
systems, confirmation/identification of equipment and possible SRBM bases did not occur until 1972.
Although restricted by imagery of poor interpretability, analysis of activity at Launch Complex Garrison 2
from 1965 to 1969 indicated that the base was operationally associated with the deployment of China's
first missile systems-the SRBM and the CSS-1 MRBM.
14. (S/WN) In March 1970, probable CSS-2 GSE was identified for the first time in the garrison. By
February 1974, CSS-2 transporters had been confirmed on at least 15 occasions. Following the completion
of additional GSE storage buildings in 1974, quantities of CSS-2 launch support vehicles increased;
however, sightings of missile transporters decreased. Appearances of CSS-1 equipment in the garrison
remained infrequent. An A-frame crane, associated with the CSS-1 MRBM complement, was confirmed
on imagery in 1975 and 1979. Activity involving two CSS-2 transporters was observed from 1973 through
1976. Frequently, the transporters were seen adjacent to and partially enclosed by the drive-in missile
checkout/storage buildings,
15. (S/WN) An increase in GSE occurred in 1979 and 1980. In May 1979, two warhead vans were
parked near the 14-bay garage. Five support vehicles and aCSS-2 transporter were in the south support
area. Subsequent imagery in the fall of 1980 revealed that the number of warhead vans had increased to
four and at least five other support vehicles, including struck-mounted crane, were present. Sightings of
missile-related equipment have been infrequent since the fall of 1980, following the completion of an
additional five-bay vehicle garage in the north support area. Activity involving missile GSE occurred in
October 1981, when a missile checkout tent, a probable warhead van, and two support vans were
adjacent to the entrance of the northernmost storage cave. This activity, which had ended by 15 October,
was the most recent missile-related activity observed through February 1982.
1 B-Tonghua-2
Z-14578/82 SECRET
RCA-01/0006/82
25X1
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SECRET
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2A
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0290-17, scale 1:200,000
Location
BASIC DESCRIPTION
1. (S/WN) Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2A, originally designated Launch Site 2 West
Support Area, is one of five type B missile support bases within Tonghua Missile Launch Complex SSM,
China (Figure 1). Garrison 2A is situated in Ton hua Launch Group B (Figure 6), approximately 36 km by
road from Tonghua SSM RTP 2 ~ 750 meters east of the mouth of the narrow, forested
stream valley which also contains Tonghua SSM Launch Site Garrison 2 There is a
separate security post at the entrance to Complex Garrison 2. The complex garrison contains above-
ground and below ground facilities for missile checkout/storage and storage of GSE and a barracks area.
Aboveground power and communications lines and a buried communications cable serve the base. A
4.6-meter-square concrete launch pad for missile crew training is located in the northeast corner of the
garrison, approximately 200 meters from the garrison service road (Figure 7).
Missile and GSE Storage
2, (S/WN) Aboveground missile and GSE storage is provided by a double-bay, drive-in missile
checkout/storage building in the east-central portion of the vehicle storage area and
drive-through RIM building, The RIM building has ahigh-bay, gable-roofed center
section which allows for operation of an overhead crane. Additional aboveground storage is provided by
eight GSE storage buildings located in two rectangular areas in the southeast corner of the garrison. Three
inline vehicle storage buildings are interconnected by two shorter, gable-roofed structures which are
probably for offices and repair equipment storage. A third similar structure is attached to the south end
of the southernmost garage. The adjacent GSE storage area consists of four multibay garages, the RIM
building, and acheckout/storage building. There is a total of 46 drive-in vehicle storage bays in the
garrison.
3. (S/WN) Underground missile and GSE storage is furnished by a single drive-in cave, located in
the southwest corner of the garrison on the west side of a small stream. The cave is approximately 123
meters west of the garrison service road. A short, single-lane bridge connects the cave to the main road.
Clamshell-type (convex) doors have been confirmed on the single entrance,
Barracks and Housing Areas
5. (S/WN) The garrison contains eight barracks, one messhall, and one kitchen, All but two barracks
are west of the garrison service road. Launch Complex Garrison 2A has 989 square meters of barracks
floorspace to accommodate 215 personnel, housed as two separate company-sized units. Two basketball
courts are at the north end of the garrison.
Construction Chronology and Status
6. (S/WN) Construction began between December 1967 and May 1968. In May 1968, six small
housing/support buildings for construction workers were clustered west of the valley access road,
adjacent to a single cave adit under excavation. The garrison was essentially operational by October 1968
when six additional buildings were added, including four multibay garages and the two-bay missile
checkout building. An unimproved road extended from the service road east to the location where a
training launch pad would eventually be built. Cave construction and road work continued during 1969
and 1970. Installation of the training pad occurred between July 1971 and February 1972.
7. (S/WN) From February 1972 through November 1974, the number of buildings in the garrison
increased from 12 to 21; among them were six barracks and five garages, Refurbishment of a five-bay
garage was completed during the period and clamshell-type doors were confirmed on the single drive-in
cave. In 1975, a new support building was erected on an existing foundation on the west side of the south
vehicle storage area. Three inline, multibay garages, present since 1968, were made into a single structure
by the addition of two gable-roofed structures, each having a lower roof level than the garages, Four
multibay garages and the RIM building were added to the north GSE storage area in
1976 and 1977. All garages were completed by 1978, which provided the garrison with a total of 48 storage
bays. During the period 1979-1981, construction activity was reduced and involved only minor modifica-
tion/repair to existing structures.
Missile System Association and Activity
8. (S/WN) facilities for maintenance and storage ofmissile-related equipment were available in the
fall of 1968; however, low-resolution imagery prevented positive identification of GSE and system
association until June 1971. Since that time, all GSE observed has been for the CSS-2. Quantities of GSE
were high during 1972 and 1973, frequently numbering as many as 30 missile-related vehicles which
included CSS-2 transporters, launch stand transporters, and propellent vehicles. By the fall of 1973,
however, 25 vehicle storage bays were available and sightings of missile-related vehicles began to
decrease substantially. Two electronics van trailers arrived at the garrison in March 1978 and have
remained in the northeast corner of the south vehicle area.
9. (S/WN) In April 1974 and September 1979, activity involving one CSS-2 transporter was noted on
or near the training launch pad. A missile launch stand has been noted on the training pad on at least
four separate occasions
10. (S/WN) Missile equipment activity declined during 1980 and 1981. In May 1980, a launch stand
transporter and three prime movers were near the GSE storage building. In addition to the equipment
seen in May, three truck-mounted cranes arrived in June 1980. The garrison was observed on 14 occasions
from July 1980 through January 1982 and no missile-related activity was noted.
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Other Storage
Imagery Analyst's Comments
4. (S/WN) In the fall of 1972, construction of a POL storage bunker was confirmed. The bunker
consists of an earth-covered concrete building containing storage tanks with an earthen ramp road
11, (S/WN) Although smaller than the typical structure used for RIM purposes, the presence of the
high-bay, RIM-type building suggests that these functions, previously performed at Tonghua RTP 1 (BE
leading to the top. At least four other cylindrical tanks have been installed adjacent to the southwest
0, may be performed at Complex Garrison 2A, However, the unique size and lack of other
25X1
corner of the bunker. There are six '
dings within the garrison for personnel and general
su
ort buildin
s known to be associated
ith th
RIM f
ti
i
i
di
i
h
h
hi
h
b
support, the largest of whic
None are drive in,
pp
g
w
e
unc
ons
s an
n
cat
on t
at t
e
g
-
ay
building observed here may serve primarily as a vehicle maintenance building.
25X1
16-Tonghua-8
SECRET
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~. ~
1~ i
~.1-~'~
I`~ STATION
i
~~ UCON
~?- I PROPELLANT STORAGE
LAUNCH SITE FACILITY
GARRISON 1 (' ~ / AREA 2
.LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 9
FIELD TRAINING
POSITION
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 2
Regiment-Level Supporf Area
Buried Communications Cable
Road
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SECRET
Tonghua SSM Launch Complex Garrison 3
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
42-03-55N 126-00-15E
barracks and Housing Areas
4. (S/WN) Launch Complex Garrison 3 contains six barracks and one messhall, providing 575 square
meters of barracks floorspace to accommodate 125 personnel in one company-sized unit. The garriso25X1
has two basketball courts-one in the northeast corner of the base near a barracks area, and the other
adjoining the south side of the five-bay garage. Although both courts have been used for storing locally
harvested wood, they do have backboards and are usable.
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0290-12, scale 1:200,000
May 69
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Tonghua SSM Launch Com lex Garrison 3 formerly known as the East Support Area of
Tonghua SSM Regimental Headquarters 3 is one of five type B missile support bases
within the Tonghua Missile Launch Complex SSM, China (Figure 1), The arrison is in Tonghua Launch
Group C (Figure 8), approximately 50 km by road from Tonghua SSM RTP The garrison
is situated in a narrow, forested valley. Launch Complex Garrison 3 (Figure 9) contains aboveground
facilities for missile checkout/storage and GSE storage, and a barracks area. Construction of a GSE storage
cave was started but abandoned before it was complete.
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Aboveground missile and GSE storage is provided by a two-bay, drive-through missile
checkout and storage building and one five-bay garage. Though shorter than the typical 24-meter-long
missile checkout/storage building, the double-bay building and was built to
accommodate the SRBM. Prior to the spring of 1975, the tota num er o ays was 14 in three
garages; however, two garages were razed at that time, decreasing vehicle storage capacity to five bays.
Other Storage
3. (S/WN) No other storage was observed.
Construction Chronology and Status
5, (S/WN) Construction of the garrison was initiated between November 1968 and May 1969 with
construction of a new road that extended into the valley from the main east/west highway, By December
1969, the garrison contained 12 buildings, including the missile checkout/storage building, which
indicated that the base was probably usable at that time. Spoil from the cave excavation was also present.
Work on the storage cave and the addition/modification of construction support buildings continued
through 1974.
6. (S/WN) Detectable changes in construction progress and numbers of support buildings in early
1975 indicated a probable downgrading of the garrison to a lesser role, relative to SSM deployment. A
four-bay garage and afive-bay garage in the south end of the garrison were dismantled along with most
of the construction support buildings, Rails for the spoil removal carts used in cave excavation
deteriorated. From 1976 through 1979, activity declined and removal of construction support structures
continued. Dismantlement of a building and a support barracks in early 1980 brought the base to it25X1
present status.
Missile System Association and Activity
7. (S/WN) Although the garrison was functional and the missile checkout/storage building was
present in 1969, constraints imposed by low-resolution imagery prevented confirmation/identification of
missile system association and equipment prior to 1971. While construction support vehicles were noted
at this facility in 1972, no missiles or related GSE has been confirmed within the garrison. Failure to
complete underground missile storage facilities, lack of missile-related equipment/activity, and the
removal of equipment and personnel housing indicate that the base has not been used for operational
units since the early 1970s.
1B-Tonghua-10
SECRET
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SECRET
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 14
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 13
REGIMENTH03PR06
HARDENEDCOMMO
FACILITY AND OLD
COMMAND POST ;
Regiment?Level
Support Area
Buried Communications
Cable
Road'
D 5
~ I ~~ I ~
KILOMETERSIAPPROX)
FIGURE 8. LAUNCH GROUP C (REGIMENT 3), TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
1 B-Tongh ua-11
SECRET
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SECRET
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 14
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 13
REGIMENTH03PR06
HARDENEDCOMMO
FACILITY AND OLD
COMMAND POST ;
Regiment?Level
Support Area
Buried Communications
Cable
Road'
D 5
~ I ~~ I ~
KILOMETERSIAPPROX)
FIGURE 8. LAUNCH GROUP C (REGIMENT 3), TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
1 B-Tongh ua-11
SECRET
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SECRET
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 14
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 13
REGIMENTH03PR06
HARDENEDCOMMO
FACILITY AND OLD
COMMAND POST ;
Regiment?Level
Support Area
Buried Communications
Cable
Road'
D 5
~ I ~~ I ~
KILOMETERSIAPPROX)
FIGURE 8. LAUNCH GROUP C (REGIMENT 3), TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
1 B-Tongh ua-11
SECRET
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SECRET
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 14
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 13
REGIMENTH03PR06
HARDENEDCOMMO
FACILITY AND OLD
COMMAND POST ;
Regiment?Level
Support Area
Buried Communications
Cable
Road'
D 5
~ I ~~ I ~
KILOMETERSIAPPROX)
FIGURE 8. LAUNCH GROUP C (REGIMENT 3), TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
1 B-Tongh ua-11
SECRET
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SECRET
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 14
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 13
REGIMENTH03PR06
HARDENEDCOMMO
FACILITY AND OLD
COMMAND POST ;
Regiment?Level
Support Area
Buried Communications
Cable
Road'
D 5
~ I ~~ I ~
KILOMETERSIAPPROX)
FIGURE 8. LAUNCH GROUP C (REGIMENT 3), TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
1 B-Tongh ua-11
SECRET
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SECRET
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 14
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 13
REGIMENTH03PR06
HARDENEDCOMMO
FACILITY AND OLD
COMMAND POST ;
Regiment?Level
Support Area
Buried Communications
Cable
Road'
D 5
~ I ~~ I ~
KILOMETERSIAPPROX)
FIGURE 8. LAUNCH GROUP C (REGIMENT 3), TONGHUA MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
1 B-Tongh ua-11
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SECRET
Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 3
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0493-13, scale 1:200,000
NEGATION DATE (If required)
Dec 70
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Lianxiwang SSM Launch Complex Garrison 3, formerly designated General Support Area
19, is one of four type B missile support bases within Lianxiwang Missile Launch Complex SSM, China
(Figure 1). The facility is approximately 179 km by road from the SSM RTP and approximately 51 km from
the SSM RIM facility. Situated in a broad, level area of cultivated fields, the garrison is centrally located
within Launch Group C (Figure 7), approximately 0.4 km west of the main highway. The garrison contains
aboveground facilities for missile checkout/storage, garages for GSE, and a small vehicle service area
(Figure 8). Barracks and mess facilities are on the west side of the garrison, generally separate from the
missile-related buildings.
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Aboveground missile storage is provided by a 29- by 13-meter, double-bay, drive-
through missile checkout/storage building and a 26- by 9-meter, single-bay, drive-in building. GSE
storage is furnishf by four garages, two with 18 bays each, one with three bays, and one with five bays.
The garrison contains no underground missile or GSE storage.
Other Storage
3. (S/WN) A possibly related area, Lianxiwang Regiment 3 Support Area DOconsists
of two caves (possibly drive in) located approximately 150 meters west of the garrison. Though not
directly linked by road, the related area is cable connected to the garrison.
Barracks and Housing Areas
5. (S/WN) The base contains ten barracks and two messhalls in a consolidated support area situated
primarily west of the GSE and missile-related buildings. Launch Complex Garrison 3 contains 1,407 square
meters of barracks floorspace to accommodate 306 personnel, representing two company-sized units.
There are two basketball courts within the base, One is south of the support area access road and is also
used as a vehicle parking area, and the other is in the center of the garrison.
Construction Chronology and Status
6. (S/WN) Launch Complex Garrison 3 was in the initial stage of construction in January 1972 and
consisted of three buildings in a graded clearing surrounded by cultivated fields. A foundation for a
fourth building was adjacent to the south edge of the graded area. In March 1973, a foundation for a fifth
building was under construction. By December, two new buildings had been erected in the area which
would eventually become the northeast corner of the garrison.
7. (S/WN) Work continued during 1974, by which time the base consisted of ten completed
structures and three structures under construction. In January 1975, the garrison contained one single-bay
missile checkout/storage building, four barracks, three support buildings, two messhalls, and two
buildings still under construction. Following the completion of the double-bay, drive-through missile
checkout/storage building in the fall of 1976, the garrison service road was straightened, widened, and
resurfaced. After a 3-year hiatus, the expansion of garrison facilities resumed in 1980. In addition to a new
barracks, a loading dock was built in the center of the GSE storage area. The GSE buildings were also
fence secured by connecting the outer walls of the buildin son the erimeter. Wall supports for a new
five-bay garage were identified the building had been
completed and the garrison had reac e its present orm.
Missile System Association and Activity
9. (S/WN) With the completion of the single-bay missile checkout/storage building in 1972, the
garrison was first usable. Three CSS-1-associated, van-bodied trucks were identified in the garrison in
August 1975. This was the first confirmation of missile GSE in the facility. In July 1976, two CSS-1 cryogenic
trailers, a probable launch stand transporter, and four support vehicles were in the garrison. Sightings of
small quantities of CSS-1 GSE continued with regularity through 1979.
10. (S/WN) Following the arrival of CSS-2 GSE at the base in 1980, CSS-1 equipment sightings
declined. During 1980, three to six CSS-2 propellant transporters and control/ali nment or support vans
were in the garrison. ACSS-2 transporter was in the GSE storage area and CSS-2
equipment activity continued into early 1981. Beginning in April 1 1 1 equipment sightings became
more frequent and 0 a CSS-1 T/E was observed. the CSS-1 T/E was gone. One
warhead van, two to six CSS-2 propellant transporters, one cryogenic trailer, four support vans, and one
launch stand transporter remained in the garrison through January 1982.
1B-Lianxiwang-8
SECRET
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SECflET
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 8
Regiment-Level
Support
Road
Buried Communication
Line
i i' i
KILOMETERS(APPROX)
TO LAUNCH
GROUP B
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 4
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 5
,6f~rIMENT 3 H0
ADMIN BLDG
REGIMENT 3 HO
HARDENED COMMO
FACILITY
LAUNCH COMPLEX
GARRISON 3
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 6
,~~
PROPELLANT
.STORAGE AREA 3
1B-Lianxiwang-9
SECRET
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SECRET
JIANSHUI SSM MISSILE
LAUNCH COMPLEX (S)
LAUNCH GROUP B
REGT 2
HQ
t
I
I-
`)
I'
L
1
f
SSM ARMY OR
DIVISION
HEADQUARTERS ~
~l
ALTERNATE
HQJCOMM
FACILITY
1. (S/WN) The Jianshui SSM Missile Launch
Complex Is in southwest China,
120 km sout o unming and 45 km north of the
Vietnamese border. The complex contains eight
launch site garrisons (type C missile support bases)
and two launch complex garrisons (type B missile
support bases). The launch site garrisons are orga-
nized by groups of four into a total of two launch
groups, designated A and B (Figure 1). Each launch
group is administered by a regiment-level head-
quarters, SSM regiment headquarters 1 and 2,
respectively. One SSM army or division headquar-
tersinstallation has been identified in Jianshui.
2. (S/WN) The launch site garrisons are
served directly by road. Paved all-weather roads
lead to each launch group, but roads within the
launch group are composed of packed earth that
is probably overlain with gravel. There is only
narrow-gauge rail service directly to the complex,
and the specialized missile railcars and propellant
railcars cannot use this service. The nearest stan-
dard-gauge rail service is at the Kunming SSM RTP
in Kunming, Electric power is
supplied from the local power grid via above-
groundlines. Aboveground and buried communi-
cations lines extend to all the launch site garrisons,
3. (S/WN) The garrisons and support areas of
the Jianshui complex are in separate valleys in a
mountainous and forested area surrounding the
city of Jianshui. The climate is moderate and tem-
REGT 1
,HQ
10
I I
KILOMETERS tAPPROX)
NPIC T?4212-
FIGURE 1. JIANSHUI MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM, CHINA
Ji~JVSxu><
~~ WEATHER STATION
/ WITH RADAR
1
J
1,
J
LAUNCH GROUP A 1 COMPLEX
\ 1 GARRISON 1
~ i
'~ COMPLEX
GARRISON 2
r 'Army or Division-Level
Support Area
? Launch Site Garrison
Road
Railroad
Buried Communications Cable
1B-Jianshui-1
SECRET
peratures are rarely below freezing. The rainfall
is about 40 inches (1,000 millimeters), occurring
mostly between May and August. The steep
mountainsides provide the isolation and physical
security for the missile installations. Fences are not
used. There are guardposts along the access road
to each valley where a missile installaton is lo-
cated. There is a lift gate across the road leading to
each launch site garrison.
4. (S/WN) Jianshui complex is probably
closely associated with the Kunming SSM Field
Garrison the Kunming SSM Train-
ing Launch Site 1 and the Kun-
ming SSM RTP. The RTP is the nearest rail service
to Jianshui, and the training positions are the only
field training areas identified in the region. SRBMs
were based at the Kunming SSM Field Garrison in
1966; CSS-1 MRBMs arrived in 1967, Construction
at the Jianshui complex was also started in 1967.
The first observation of missile equipment at Jian-
shui was not until 1972 when in July, CSS-2 GSE
was observed in Launch Group A. CSS-1 MRBM
GSE, identified in Launch Group B in 1976, was the
first missile equipment observed in that launch
group.
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Jianshui launch Complex Garrison 1
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0616-2, scale 1:200,000
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Jianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 1, formerly known as Jianshui Missile Support
Facility, is one of two type B missile support bases within Jianshui Missile Launch Complex SSM; China
(Figure 1). The garrison is situated in Launch Group A (Figure 2), approximately 284 km by road from the
Kunming SSM RT the nearest SSM RTP to the complex, and approximately 42 km from
the Jianshui SSM RIM Facility The garrison is situated in a forested, level foothill area in
the north-central section o aunc roup A and is bounded on three sides by the Regimental
Headquarters 1 Support Area A Electricity and communications lines serve the
installation. The launch complex garrison con alns a oveground storage areas for missiles and GSE and a
barracks area (Figure 3).
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Missile and GSE storage is provided by two double-bay, drive-in missile checkout/storage
buildings. Additional storage is furnished by seven GSE storage buildings, four in the walled compound
containing the missile checkout and storage buildings and three approximately 200 meters to the south.
There is a total of 48 drive-in vehicle storage bays in the garrison. The base contains no underground
storage for missiles or GSE.
Other Storage
3. (S/WN) A POL storage area, partially underground, is located on the west edge of the garrison.
Regiment Headquarters 1 Support Area A contains a motor pool and its garages could be used to store
additional GSE.
Barracks and Housing Areas
4. (S/WN) The garrison contains 11 barracks and three messhalls. Launch Complex Garrison 1 has
1,631 square meters of barracks floorspace to accommodate 354 personnel. They are housed as three
company-sized units or two company-sized units and two platoons of a third company. The garrison
contains two basketball courts.
Construction Chronology and Status
5. (S/WN) Construction of the garrison began between July 1974 and April 1975 when foundations
for the drive-in missile checkout buildings and three vehicle storage buildings were observed. By
November, these buildings had been completed and the base was initially usable. During 1976 and 1977,
construction of additional housing was underway in the garrison. In 1978, all barracks-related construc-
tion was finished and the garrison had achieved its present form. No construction activity or status
changes occurred from 1979 through February 1982, the date of latest available imagery.
Missile System Association and Activity
6. (S/WN) No missile GSE has been confirmed inside the fence-enclosed missile checkout/storage
area, In the vehicle storage area atruck-mounted crane and a launch support van were present in
December 1976. On three occasions in 1977, CSS-2 activity involving propellant transporters, acherry-
picker, and other support vehicles was observed.0 the complement also contained a
warhead van. No significant equipment activity occurred during 1978 and 1979, except for the presence of
a van-bodied truck and a "figure-eight" driver-training course within the enclosed missile checkout area.
three CSS-2 T/Es, atruck-mounted crane, and a prime mover were in the
Regimental Headquarters 1 Support Area A motor pool just west of the garrison.
the GSE training or maintenance activity had ended. No movement of missile GSE was etected during all
of 1981 and January 1982.
1B-Jianshui-2
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LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 1
1
REGT 1 HO
ADMINBLDG
1
LAUNCH COMPLEX-'
~~.
i
HARDENED
COMMAND
POST
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 4,
Regiment-Levey Support Area
Buried Communications Cable
Road
o
I ~ ~ I
KItOMETERS(APPROX)'
FIGURE 2. LAUNCH GROUP A (REGIMENT 1), JIANSHUI MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
~1
I
STATION ''
HARDENED
COMMUNICATIONS
FACILITY
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Jianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0616-2, scale 1:200,000
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
Other Storage
3. (S/WN) No other storage was observed.
Barracks and Housing Areas
4. (S/WN) The garrison contains six barracks and one messhall for one company-sized unit. Launch
Complex Garrison 2 contains 870 square meters of barracks floorspace to accommodate 189 personnel.
The housing area has one basketball court.
Construction Chronology and Status
5. (S/WN) In February 1974, two agriculture-related buildings were razed to make room for the
missile checkout/storage building. Building materials were stacked in the area, and nine small sheds were
razed in the area intended for garrison housing. In April, early construction of foundations for the missile
checkout/storage building and ashop/warehouse building were confirmed. By July 1974, the missile
checkout/storage building and two shop/warehouse buildings were complete. Three vehicle garages
were under construction and the associated housing area contained six buildings. Except for minor
reconfiguring of two small support buildings in 1978, the garrison had reached its present form by January
1975. The garrison was fence-secured by interconnecting the outer walls of buildings on the perimeter.
1. (S/WN) )ianshui SSM Launch Complex Garrison 2, formerly the vehicle maintenance/storage area
within Jianshui Main Support Base, is one of two type B missile support bases within the Jianshui Missile
Launch Complex SSM, China (Figure 1). The garrison is in Jianshui Launch Group B (Figure 4),
approximately 180 km by road from the Kunming SSM RTPO and approximately 69 km
from the )ianshui SSM RIM Facility Situated in a broad, level area of cultivated fields,
the garrison is adjacent to the main highway which connects to the launch site garrisons in Launch Group
B and the complex support facilities. Aboveground power and communications lines serve the
installation, The garrison (Figure 5) contains an aboveground facility for missile checkout/storage and five
multibay garages which, because of the narrow width of the bays, are restricted to storage of CSS-1 GSE
or ordinary cargo vehicles. The facility, except for the missile checkout/storage building, contains the
same number and type of buildings as the motor pool attached to each regiment headquarters. The
messhall and five barracks are approximately 100 meters west of the fence-secured GSE storage area.
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Missile and GSE storage is provided by a single-bay, drive-through
missile checkout/storage building. GSE storage is furnished by five garages with a total of 38 bays. The
garrison contains no underground missile or GSE storage.
Missile System Association and Activity
6. (S/WN) With the com letion of the single-bay missile checkout building in )uly 1974, the garrison
was initially usable missile GSE was confirmed at the base for the first time. One
canvas-covered CS - ransporter, one pro able launch stand trailer, one prime mover, and two support
vans were in the enclosed garrison area. No other missile equipment has been seen in the garrison. Since
1976, from one to three cargo trucks or prime movers have been parked in the base.
Imagery Analyst's Comments
7. (S/WN) CSS-1 GSE has been observed in the base and also at two launch site garrisons in the
launch group. Apparently, one or two CSS-1 units were assigned to the launch group from 1976 through
1979. Some of the GSE for the units was stored at this facility. Since mid-1980, CSS-2 equipment has
arrived in Launch Group B and no CSS-1 GSE has been observed. No missile GSE has been observed in
Complex Garrison 2, indicating that it may now be used as a motor pool.
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WEATHER
STATION
LAUNCH COMPLEX
GARRISON 2
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 5
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 7,
LAUNCH SITE'.
GARRISON 9'
PROPELLANT.
STORAGE
AREA2
SSM FIELD
TRAINING. POSITION
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 6
REGT HO 2
HARDENED
COMMAND
POST
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LIUQINGKOU SSM LAUNCH COMPLEX (S)
Road
~*- Railroad
? Launch Complex Garrison
~ Launch Site Garrison
1. (S/WN) The Liuqingkou SSM Launch Complex (Figure 1) is in the Lanzhou MR in north-central
China. Most of the complex is west of and within 21 km of the town of Qilian. The village of Liuqingkou
is immediately northwest of Qilian. The complex is in the Qilian Shan (mountains), an area of very high
elevation. Some of the mountain peaks in the area are over 4,570 meters high. The launch site garrisons
are situated in mountain valleys above 3,000 meters in elevation. An improved road network serves most
areas within the complex. The nearest RTP, Liuqingkou RTP is 100 km by road south of
the complex. A second possible RTP (Shandan RTP; is in the town of Shandan, approxi-
mately 180 km by road to the northeast. Other SSM-related installations in the region include the CSS-3
rollout-to-launch sites at Delingha and Daqaidam, the field garrison at Datong, and the Haiyan SSM Field
Training Facility
2. (S/WN) The complex currently consists of one launch group of four launch site garrisons, two
field training positions (Liuqingkou Field Training Positions 1 and 2; a
launch complex garrison (Liuqingkou Launch Complex Garrison, and a command
There may be related
3. (S/WN) Construction of the four launch site garrisons began between March 1968 and November
1970. All of the launch areas were usable in 1969 or 1970. The site garrisons were essentially complete by
June 1975 but have been improved since then. An intersite communications cable trench linking major
installations within the complex was observed in mid-1973. The complex garrison was completed during
1976. Communications cable trenches linking most of the underground storage facilities within each
launch site garrison were constructed in mid-1978.
post/bunker facility (Liuqingkou Command Post/Bunker Facility,
installations in the town of Qilian.
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Liuqingkou SSM Launch Complex Garrison
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0332-14, scale 1:200,000
NEGATION DATE (If required)
Nov 72
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Location
1. (S/WN) Liuqingkou SSM Launch Complex Garrison, formerly the complex support facility, is a
type B missile support base within Liuqingkou Missile Launch Com lex SSM, China (Figure 1). The facility
is approximately 100 km by road from the Liuqingkou RTP and approximately 1 km north
of the town of Liuqingkou. The garrison is situated on the Wort an c o t e Hei Ho River, just west of the
access road and approximately 4.5 km from Launch Site Garrison 4 Located in Launch
Group A (Figure 2), the. only launch group in the complex, the garrison contains aboveground facilities
for missile checkout/storage and housing of GSE (Figure 3). The garrison does not contain underground
missile or GSE storage areas. Electric power and communication lines, all aboveground, serve the
installation.
Missile and GSE Storage
2. (S/WN) Missile and GSE stora a is rovided b a sin le-ba drive-through missile checkout and
storage building and one six-bay garage. The
33-meter length o t e rive-through building enables it to easily accommodate the CSS-2 road transport
equipment. Total vehicle storage capacity remained at six bays as of January 1982.
Other Storage
3. (S/WN) A POL storage area consisting of six cylindrical, aboveground tanks is just north of the
service road in the northeast corner of the base.
Barracks and Housing Areas
4. (S/WN) The garrison contains 24 barracks and seven messhalls situated within afence-enclosed
area. The launch complex garrison contains 4,768 square meters of barracks floorspace to accommodate
1,036 persons, representing seven company-sized units. Seven basketball courts are within the garrison
area; however, only four have backboards and are usable. Additional structures include adouble-build-
1 B-Liuqingkou-2
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in dis ensar and two warehouses for general storage. One warehouse has a combination barracks and
g p Y
messhall attached.
Construction Chronology and Status
5. (S/WN) The facility was in the initial stage of construction in the spring of 1973. A new road was
railed into the area and old buildings (proba~,bly abandoned civilian housing) were being dismantled.
g
Ei ht barracks foundations were under constriuction just south of the access road. By September, the
g
service road had been improved and temporary housing and support buildings for construction workers
were present in addition to 11 completed barracks.
6. (S/WN) In 1974 and 1975, three more barracks were completed and construction materials/-
e ui ment were stacked in the area. Six more barracks foundations were under construction and five
q P
tem orar construction support buildings were added in the east end of the base. By the fall of 1975, the
P Y
garrison contained 33 completed buildings and two buildings under construction.
7. (S/WN) During 1976, three additional barracks were finished and foundations for the missile
checkout/storage building and a multibay vehiicle storage building were confirmed. By November 1976,
the facility had attained its present form; the rrnissile-related structures were complete and the perimeter
of the garrison was fence secured.
Missile System Association and Activity
8. (S/WN) Following the completion of tMe missile checkout/storage building in 1976, the base was
first usable. In October 1976, CSS-2 missile GSIE was confirmed in the garrison for the first time. During
Se tember 1977, a small quantity of CSS-2 support equipment arrived at the base, includin three launch
three CSS-2 transporters or T/Es, one warhead van, and atruck-mounted crane were adjacent to the
missile checkout building. CSS-2 propellant transporters and other elements of the CSS-2 GSE comple-
ment continued to arrive through early Januar~ 1979.0 only one CSS-2 transporter or T/E
and a rime mover remained in the garrison a second CSS-2 transporter or T/E, one
P
warhead van, and atruck-mounted crane were parked near the missile checkout building; By June, both
of the CSS-2 transporters or T/Es were gone. From three to five pieces of GSE remained m the garrison
through
9. (S/WN) Quantities of missile GSE remained low from September 1979 through June 1980. In July
1980, at least seven CSS-2 propellant transporters arrived at the base and remained in garrison through
April 1981, 012 probable CSS-2 (propellant transporters, four support vans, and atruck-
mounted crane were in the missile checkout area. By June 1961, missile GSE activity had ended and the
GSE was gone at least seven CSS-2 propellant transporters had returned to the base and a
possible launch stand transporter and two support vans were near the missile checkout building, No
further significant missile GSE or missile-related activity was observed at the garrison from October 1981
through January 1982.
Imagery Analyst's Comments
10. (S/WN) This garrison functions more as a small RIM facility for the Liugingkou complex than as a
missile base. The single missile checkout/sto~rage building actually is an auditorium which has been
converted to adrive-through maintenance bwilding. The lack of other GSE storage areas and the large
housing areas associated with this facility indiicate that it is one of the regiment headquarters support
areas rather than a missile base.
Regiment-Leve{
Support Area
- Buried Communications
Cable
------ Road
LAUNCH SITE
GARRISON 3
FIGURE 2, LAUNCH GROUP A (REGIMENT 1), LIUQINGKOU MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX SSM
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