COINS FILES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82M00531R000400190025-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 27, 2005
• Sequence Number: 25
• Publication Date: August 8, 1973
• Content Type: MFR

25X1 ICLA'.,,.
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SUBJECT T~ GEr' ?!. OE !:4.: IFICATION SCHEDUL
OF E. 0. 11652, AUTOMATICALLY DOWNGRADED AT I
TWO YL. rd,t.ALS Ar;D DECLASSEF;ED ON
DCI/IC 73-0847
31 d~ecc_rr__7`3__ 8 August 1973
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(insert date IT event)
REFERENCES: a. Memo forl Subject:
COINS Files; dtd Aug Handle Via
COMINT Channels
for a Council for International Economic
Policy from the Joint SIC-EIC USIB Work-
ing Groups; Secret
to IHC-AR-5; 1 Aug 72
c. Draft paper from Messers.
b. IHC/USIB Inventory of Community Informa-
tion Handling Systems; Secret, Annex A
1. Ref A, para 1 - Agree. Ref A, para 2. The DIA
SINO-SOVIET AIR ORDER OF BATTLE (SIAOB) is on the DIAOLS/
COINS system. Some of the files marked with paper clips
(Ref B, Att A) includes items that should be. available
to the community. Some of the systems should probably
be connected to the COINS/IDHS network (e.g., AF CIRCOL).
Some of the files rather than being rewritten to be put
"on-line" should be made available by remote request and
outputs furnished by batch medium speed printout. Another
alternative is to make an index available on COINS regard-
ing what is available, where it is located and how this
information may be obtained. Some of the items marked in
Att A with a paper clip include biographic files.
2. Ref C, Att B, is a draft paper that the Joint
SIC (Scientific Intelligence Committee) and the EIC
(Economic Intelligence Committee) has prepared on the
computer industry/technology in Hungary and Poland.
Other studies for the USSR and PRC have been prepared.
Perhaps an index of what is available and where and
how it may be obtained would be useful on the COINS.
3. Ref A, para 3 - Agree. Computer files are
expensive to build and expensive to update and should
only be put on-line when the need and timeliness of
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the information so dictates. Therefore, I am not advocating
that the items discussed in this memo be put on COINS but
that the COINS Files Working Group consider these items.
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Chief, IHC Support Staff
Atts (2)
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Bulgaria
Bulgarian computers of domestic design have been confined to
some analog types using vacuum tubes, and more recently a few small
models of transistorized analog computers. The current inventory
of about 60 digital computers consists entirely of imported models
or models assembled under license. Heavy reliance has been placed
on imported parts, designs, and technical know-how to supplement a
small technical base in efforts to build digital computers and re-
lated equipment for both domestic uses and for exports. Imported
parts have been used for assembly of 7 or 8 of the Bulgarian ZIT
151, which is a licensed version of the Japanese Facom-230-30, and
about 20 of these Japanese computers have been imported fully
assembled. The ZIT-151 has internal storage capabilities and arith-
metic speeds comparable to the IBM-360/30 but is inferior to the
latter in overall computing capabilities. One ZIT x.51 also has been
exported to the USSR.
Only two computers exceeding the COCOM "easy access" guidelines
have been imported, the Facom 230/45 at the Ministry of Supply and
an ICL 1904A at the Management Training Cen':er. A few medium scale
Western computers such as 1DM 360/30 and 360/40 and ICL 4-40 and 4-50
models also have been imrox tcd but most of the imports have been small
scale types. Uses have been primarily in data processing for
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ccouoniic and industrial applications and in civil scientific and
engineering applications.
The main Bulgarian effort now is on collaborating with the
.USSR to achieve production of the ES-1020 model in the11YAD series
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of computers and related peripheral equipment. Bulgaria has con-
structed a prototype of the ES-1020 (called the IZOT 320 by the
Bulgarian plant) and is now attempting to overcome continuing parts
supply problems and initiate serial production.
Probably with the goal of maximizing potential exports to
other CEMA countries, Bulgaria has concentrated peripheral device
efforts on a magnetic tape unit, a magnetic disc unit, disc packs,
and a typewriter for the RYAD computers. The disc unit project,
which appears fairly successful, is typical of the heavy employment
of imported technology. Production equipment comes from Czechoslo-
vakia, and an IBM 360/30 is used to check out the units. Although
plated wire storage devices are being made and licenses for semi-
conductors have been acquired from Japan, Bulgaria's component capa-
bilities still appear primitive.
In addition to aiming at potential CEMA country markets, Bulgaria
also is seeking Western markets for their computer products in order
to finance imports. Over the next few years, Bulgaria is apt to con-
tinue needs for imports of components and production technology, but
imports of completely finished end products is apt to be minimal.
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I1w ga.ry
Hungary lagged well behind other East European countries in
starting domestic construction of computers but, with the application
of imported Western designs, technical assistance, and parts, has
made rapid progress in establishing a domestic computer industry.
Currently, Hungary has a total of 180-190 computers, half of which
are domestic or Communist country products including 50-60 small
models of domestic origin. The largest and most advanced computers
in Hungary are Western models such as the US CDC-3300 and IBM-370/145
and the UK ICL--4-70 and ICL 1904.
.The first domestically designed computer in Hungary was the
EMG-830 developed in 1968-69 by the Electrical Measuring Equipment
Plant in Budapest. They made about a dozen of these-transistorized---------
models which had capabilities roughly comparable to those of the
CDC 3100 (storage capacity of 8 to 32 K 24 bit words and a data
processing rate about .6 megabits). This computer was not success-
ful because it was technologically obsolete when it was developed
and the Plant turned to building the EMG-810 computer employing
imported integrated circuits. This was a very small scale computer,
a licensed version of the French CII-10010, and work on it and follow-
on models was shifted to the Videoton Plant.
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Current Hungarian production model computers are all small
scale or minicomputers with capabilities similar to Western models.
The Videoton Plant acquired French designs for the Mitra 15 which
with French technical assistance and training, was used. to make the
VT--10010/B. This latter computer,.also called the ES-1010 is
Hungary's model in the Ryad series. The Videoton Plant, in col-
laboration with the Central Physics Research Institute, also pro-
duces the TPA models of minicomputers. These minicomputers have
gone through 3 revisions since the first was developed in 1968 on
the basis of design information on the US Digital Equipment Cor-
poration's minicomputers. US integrated circuits were used in the
TPA minicomputers. Several of the Hungarian minicomputers have
been exported to the USSR and further exports to all--the CEMA- ----- ------
countries are anticipated.
Western peripheral devices have been used with most Hungarian
computers and also with some computers imported from the USSR, but
Hungary now is producing several types of peripherals. The Hungarian
Optical Works makes punched tape and card equipment and, on the basis
of a French license,. a small fixed magnetic disc unit for use with
minicomputers. Hungary also makes display devices and equipment for
using communications links to transmit data between computers. In
addition to intended use.4 with computers in Hungary, the display and
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data transmission equip ent probably will be exported to other CEIIA
countries and could prove significant in enhancing capabilities for
implementing computer networks.
Hungary still is dependent on imports for some types of com-
ponents but is making some types such as ferrite cores for both
domestic uses and export. Production of integrated circuits based
on Western designs, equipment and assistance also has begun and
priority is placed on getting further imports of a similar nature
to expand this capability. Plated wire storage devices also are
being made. Labor management problems, particularly in the area
of labor morale, still appear to plague the component industry.
In spite of a continuing emphasis on software over the last
several years, problems continue. Hungary was one of the"firs`t--of-__
the Eastern European countries to establish central repositories
for computer programs and in publishing periodicals listing pro-
grams available at the various installations. Sharing of software
has, however, been handicapped by the wide diversity of computer
models used, but some of these problems may be alleviated as more
of the computers in the Ryad series become available.
As it has in the past, Hungary continues to make use of every
opportunity for using foreign sources of computer training. These
include training given by Western vendors in Hurgary, training
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programs by co.npan.ies in Western Europe, training at facilities in
other CEMA countries, and training the West under United Nations
auspicies. The International Training Center established by the
United Nations in Hungary also is considered an important asset which
is to be supplemented by domestic training programs. Considerable
further Western assista.lLce is apt to be sought to implement the
Hungarian training plans.
The main Hungarian needs for computers in the near future are
apt to be for many small and some medium scale models but only a few
large scale models. Emphasis will be on minimizing imports of Western
finished end products while meeting needs from domestic and other CEMA
country sources, but efforts to obtain Western equipment for production
and technical know-how are, apt to continue unabated.
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Poland
Poland has been the most successful of the Eastern European
countries in developing and producing computers. Much of this suc-
cess derives directly from the Western assistance that has been
supplied Poland in the form of components, peripheral equipment,
licenses, production equipment, technical know-how and training.
The leading Polish computer producer, the ELWRO Plant in Wroclaw
completed more than 500 computers by the end of 1972, of which about
60 were exported to the USSR, about 140 to other Communist countries,
and a few to underdeveloped countries. The total Polish inventory of
about 525 digital computers consists mostly of small to medium scale
models from domestic sources and from other Communist countries with
a few medium to large scale models from the West.
Large Western computers in Poland include the IBM 360/50 and
370/145 models, the ICL 4/70, and most recently the CDC Cyber 72-14
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which is to be the central unit.in a multiprogramming system called
Cifronet that will serve remote terminal equipment at eleven academic,
research and planning establishments. Eventually this.system is to be
incorporated into a national network of interconnected computer
facilities.
The largest and fastest Polish current domestic production
model computer is the O')RA 1305 which employs integrated circuits
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and which like its predecessor, the 1304, employs the logical archi-
tecture and software of the UK ICL 1900 models. With a maximum in-
ternal storage capacity of 256 K 24 bit words, the ODRA 1305 exceeds
.the COCOM "easy access" guidelines and its data processing rate is
near the 8 megabits of the guideline cut-off point. The Elwro plant,
which makes the ODRA-1305 for general data processing uses, also is
producing the ODRA-1325, which has lesser capabilities and is intended
for industrial control uses. Plans call for 50 ODRA-1305 models to
be made in 1973 and for a total of 500 to 600 of a combination of
ODRA-1305 and 1325 computers by the end of 1975. Currently some
Western components and peripherals are used for the ODRA computers.
Poland is engaged also in the CEMA countries' development of
the Ryad computers. Poland and the USSR are to produce the ES-1030
model, which approximately equals the IBM 360/40 model. The Polish
ES-1030 is still in prototype although the USSR claims to have their
version in production. Poland plans to acquire smaller and larger
models of the Ryad computers from other CEMA countries and already
has signed a contract for import of ES-1020 computers. Production
of the ODRA computers will continue until Ryad computers in sufficient
quantities to satisfy needs are available. Poland already has started
to produce and export peripheral devices that are claimed to be com-
patible with both the ODRA and Ryad computers.
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