JPRS ID: 10602 WORLDWIDE REPORT TERRORISM

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• Collection: JPRS
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• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 101
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 48
• Content Type: REPORTS

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~
JPRS L/10E02
21 JuNE 1982 -
~ V~/oridwide Re ort
p
TERRORISM
FOUO 3/82
FBIS FORElGN BROADCAST It~FORMAYION SERVICE
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NOTE
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[j are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
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mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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~ JPRS L/10602
21 June 1982
_ WORLDWIDE REPORT
TERRORISM
FOUO 3/82
CONTENTS
NEAP. EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
ARMENIAN AFFAIRS - -
List of 'Armenian Rewlutionary Operations'
_ (ARMENIA, Apr-Msy 82) 1
Clandestine Radio on Assasaination Attempt
(Voice of Lebanese Arm~enians, 9 Apr 82) 6
Cl~.nd~estine Radio Comments on People's Su~port For ASALA
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 22 Apr 82) 8
Clandestine Radio Urges Armenians t o'Arise'
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 22 Apr 82) 10
Clandestine on 2~? April Posters in Bur~ Hammud
(Vo ice of Lebanese Armenians, 22 .Apr 82) 11
Clandestine Reports 2~+ Apri1 Demamstrations
( Voice of Lebanese Arm~enians, 2~+ Apr 8?_ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ASALA Calls on Internat3onal Public Opinion
(Voice of Lebanese Armeniaris, 2~+ Apr 82) 16
Clandestine Radio on ASALA Ca11 to Stuggle
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 24 Apr 82) 18
Clandestine on French Minister's Statement
(Voice ~f Lebanese Armenians, 27 Apr 82) 20
Clandestine Condemns Deotruction of 24 April Posters
~ (Voice of Lebanese Arm~enians, 27 Apr 92) 22
Clandestine Opposes A.rmeni~ I~i.gration
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 29 Apr 82) 23
- a - [III - WW - 133 FO'UO] .
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Clandestine Radio Assails 'Reactionaries'
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 29 Apr a2) 2>
Clandestine on Cypriot Parli~ment Deci�sion
(Voice of Lebanese Armeni ans, 1 Mey 82)....������������� 26
Armenian Clandestine Assails Western Media
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 1 May 82) 27
1
Clax~destine on Turkish Diplomat's Assassinatiar.
(Voice of Leb anese Armenie~~s, 6 May 82) 28
- ASALA Leader on Arms Smuggling
(Voice�of Lebanese Armenians, 6 May 82) 29
ASALA Asks for Assista.nce From Armenian SSR
_ (Voice of Lebanese Armenias, 7 May 82) 3~
Jordanian Committees Support ASALA
- (Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 7 May 82)................... 32
Workers League Advocates ASALA-Arab Front
_ (Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 7 May 82) 33
Bahrain Popular ~'ront Supports ASALA
(Voic~ of Leb~.nese Armenians, 7 May 82) 3~+
Kurdish Revoluti~nary Committees Support ASALA
(Voice of Leb anese Armenians, 8 May 82) 35
- Clandestine on Frt;nc~:. Socialist Paxty Announcement
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 11 May 82) 36
Clandestine Ra3io on Armenian Popular Movements
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 18 May 82) 37
C.landestine Calls For Revolutionary Struggle
(Voice of Lebanese Armenians, 19 May 82) 39
ASALA's Clandestine 'Voice of Lehanese Arm.enians' Repor~
- (Voice of Lebanese Armenians, various dates )
- On Madiro D~ amgochian's Letter
On South Ame ri can Armeni ans
- ~d to Uisputes Urged
Briefs
Armenian~ Party Club Activit~~ ~3
Killings in Bur~ Hammund ~3
Anti-Turkey Poster ~3
- Murder At t empt on AS ALA Me:nb e r
Turkish Center Closures in Jordan
- b -
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WEST EUROPE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GE~IANY
Alleged Yugoslav Agents Murder Plots Sub~i~ct of Tria1
' (DIE ZEIT~ 7 M~Y 82) 45
SPAIN
Communiques of ETA To Basque People
(ZUZII~T, 1981) 58
ETA-M Leade:shi~, Organization Ouclined
- (nBC, 24 Jan 82) 67
ETA Tries To Reorganize, by A. Semprun Gullen
ETd Organization, Leadership, by Pilar Urbano
Fighters for Democracy, by Caxlos Davila
TURKEY
- Admiral Orkunt Writes on Armeni an Terrorism
(Sezai Orkunt; TERCUMAN, 12-15 May 82) 77
ASALA, High-level Officials Linked To Smuggling Riz~g
(Kamil Basaran; HURRIYET, 9 May 82) 91
Columnist Alleges Soviet Instigation of Armenian Terrorism
( Ergun Goze; TEF.tCUMAN, 10 May 82 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
LIST OF 'ARME1vIAN REVOLUTIONARY OPERATIONS'
Beirut ARMENIA in Armenian, English, Arab.ic, Fren~h Apr-May 82 pp 52-55
[List of operations of the Armenian Secret Arnry for the L~iberatian of Armenia
from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 1981J
[Text]
t- 12/9/19~ Juetice Coffinandoe for the Ar-
menian Genocide Group~ bombiag
- of Balglan Sabena Airliaee in
Faris~ austerial damage.
2- 12/1/19~ Juetice Compandoe tor the Ar-
menian Genocide Group~ bombing
~ of 1~est fiez~maa I,uithauea Yir-
11nee la Paria~ 2 wouaa~d aad
matsrial damsg~.
~ 12/1/1980 Juatice Comaandoe tor the Ar-
met~ian Genocide ~3raup~ bombir~g
oi Britieh Airways~ 1 woundeQ
and material damage~ in Paris.
4- 1B/2/1980 Juatice Co~uai:do� !or tha Ar-
' menian Genacide aroup~ bombing
oi leraeli 81 Al Airlines in
Rome~ 3 ~~ed & mnterial dem-
- sge.
5- ;8/2/19e0 Juetice Comvandoe Yor the Ar-
_ menian G~nooide Group~ bombing
aS 3wiseAir in Eome~ 1 wounded
& mat rial damage.
6- 18/2%19~ Juetire Commndog for the Ar-
msai^~ Genocide Group~ bombing
ot ~Y69t German I.tttthaaea A1r-
iine~ in Rome~ material damage.
10/3/19~ ~tyr Ea=Yi bc~lian Com~aando~
- bombi.ng of Turkieh Airlines in
Home~ 2 dead & 17 wounded.
8- 19/4/19~ B1ack wpril 24~ Com~nando, roc-
ket attack oi Turkieh ConsulaLe
- in Ltareeille~
9- 31/7/1980 Kotu'ken Ysaikian Commando~ gun
atteck on Turkish diplomat and
Samily ia ~thens~ 2 d~ad & 2
wounded.
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10- 5/8/198U Yani}ciea & Saeaounian Comwandos~
penetration and attack oi Turl~ baeay in Tehran~ 2 guarde ki.lled
iea Cuusu.~atie in Y+yoa~ 4 wouaded. & 2 fedaii capture~ (later marty-
red by the reacti~ry Iranian
1~- 26/9/80 Bl~.ek llpril 24~? Co~ando~ g~m Eegime). ~
attaok on Turldsh diplomat ia '
, Po,rio~ wounded heavil,y. z7- 3/4/1981 Armer.ian People'e Organization~
gua attack on Turkieh diplomot in
13- 3/10/80 Axmenian Organizatioa tor Armed Wpenliageai ffidly wounded.
8truggla Group~ bombiag ot Turl~ '

~ ieh Airlinee ia 3lilano~ material 28- 9/6/9981 Antranig I'aeba Suicide Comcasndo~
damage. Armenian peo}:le~a ~uQgement ez-
ecuted on Turkieh vice-Consul ia
13- 3~/~0/80 218t Commando in Fsurope~ Bombing Geneva~ 1 fedaii captured.
oi ~dondadori in 1Silano~ more t.~an
1 million dollare damage. 29-16/9/1981 1d~rtyr Iiagop Darak~iaa Commando~
bombing oY Turl~ah Airlines in
1�h 3/10/80 Exploeion in a Geneva hotel~ 2 ~openhagen~ 1 dead ~ eome wounded.
re~unded comradee.
15- 4/10/80 21�t Commando in Europ~~ bombiag 30'24/9/1~81 '"Van Operation"~ Yeghio geehishisn
Si}icide Com..~ando~ Take-over ai the '
of Alita.l.fa in ~Iadrid~ some ~voun- Tyrldeh Coneulate in Paria ior 15
ded d: m: teriul daa~?ge. ,~h0urs.
16- 6/10/80 ldaart;ir RafZi F~alian Conrnando~ 31- 25/10/81 24~ ot 5eptember Suicide f,3o~ando~
J bombing of 'i'urkieh Coneulate in gun ~ttack on Turldeh oecond eoo-
I,oe Angelee~ material damags. retary in Rome~ diplomat heavi~y
17-12/10/80: Armenian,Juetice Comr~itte~~ bom~ ~~ed d~ 1 ieQ~ii wouaded.
bing of ?urkieh invel in Loe An- 8/10/1980 B~mbing of Swiee Embaeay ia
geles~ materi~l d:.mage. Beirut.
16-12/10/80 Armeniaa Justice Committee~ bom- 2- 8/10/1980 De9tructioa oi Swiee ambaeeadosfis
bing of `Purldeh I:.iseion to the b~~e ~ Beirut.
United l:atione in t~ew York~ 35
wounded &~aterial duwage. 3- B/10/19~ Bombing oi car oi the Swiss
firet eecre~ary la Beirut.
19-12/i0/fi0 Antrar.is ~esY,a Commando~ bombing
_ of'Turkieh Airlinee in I~ondon~ 4- 9/10/19C0 Bombing of SvriesAir in Beirut.
materii:l dr~~: ge. 5-~2/10/1980 Bombing oY SwiasAir in I,ondon.
20-10/11/fi0 ASi.I~A Unit and PIgC IInit~ Bom~ing ~12~~0/1980 Bombin~ oY Swies Touriet Iniar-
of Turkish Consulate in Streebourg~ m,ation ofPlce in Parie.
ma~eribl daraage.
21-11/11/b0 AS~LA Unit und PKK IInit bomb 7-20/10/1980 Fsomb on train to Inter]r~ke~~
r ~ Switzerland.
of Turkish Airlin~e in Romei mat- �
erial damage. 8-23/10/1980 Bombing oY SxiBe Co~ulat in
22-19/11%80 Alex Yenikomeshian Comi~ando~ bom- ~~eeille.
bdag oi Turki.eh Airlinee ia Rome~ 3- 4/1~/1980 Two bombe ezploded in the Palai~
some Aounded. de Juetice ot Geneva.
23_11/12/80 Alez Yeniloomeehian Commeado~ gua 10-9/11/19~ Deetructioc. of '.hQ Srries Touriet
atta k n Turldsh diNlomet 1n P.ome~ Infoxv~ation otfice and SwiesAir
nnt d~ea~. in Rome.
11~881 OPF'.RATIONS � 11-25/11/19~ Bombing oY Swies beak in aeneva.
24-13/1/1981 Alez Yenikome!~hian Commando~ 12-15/72/19~ Deetruction oi swiee Touriet Iator~
aseaeeination attempt ~n '1'~l~ ma~ioa oftice and 3arieaAir dn
iah dipl0mate in Farie~ heavily I,ondon.
wounded. 13-25/12/tg80 13ombi~,g oY Zurics 6lrport r?dar.
25- 4/3/1981 Shahan hat,~li Suic~~e Commando~ 1~29/12/19~ Double bnmbing ot TYA and SwiesAir
Armenian people~e ~ud~ement ex- ia Had~.~id.
~ ecuted on 2 Turkieh diFlomate
(oi kIT) in Pnrie.
26-12/3/1981 Attempt to take-over '1'urldah Bm-
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15-30/12/1980 Bombing of Credit-Suisse in Beirut.
16-27/1/1981 Destruction of SwissAir in Milano.
17-21/1/1981 Destruction of Swiss Consulat in Milano.
18-3/2/1981 Bombing of Swiss Consiilat in Los Angeles.
19-6/2/1981 Double bombing nf 1WA and Air France in Paris.
20-20/8/1981 Destruction of Alitalia in Paris.
21-22/8/1981 Bombing of Olympic AiYwaye in Par3s.
~ Opexations of the ~une Ninth Organization Until 31 December 1981
1-26/6/1981 Bombing of Swiss ban~C 3n Los Angeles.
2-2~/6/1981 Bombing of Swissl~ir in Tehran.
3-1/7/1981 Bombing of SwissAir in Baghdad.
4-19/7/1981 Bombing of 5wiss Parliament in Bern.
5-20/7/1981 Destruction of inner department of Zurich ~.irport.
- 6-21/7/1981 Destruction of department store 3n~ Lausanne.
7-22/7/3.981 Destruction of one of the major stations in Geneva.
8-22/7/19 81 Destruction of Cornav3n, Geneva.
9-11/8/1981 Bombing of SwissAir in Copenhagen.
10-20/8/1981 Bombing of Swiss watch company 3n Los Angeles.
11-16/8/1981 Bombing of Swiss Embassy in Tehran.
].2-27/10/1981 Bombing of Swiss bank in Geneva.
13-3/�11/1981 Bombing of SwissAir in Madrid.
14-3-11/1981 Double bombing of Palais de Justice in Geneva.
15-3-11/1981 Bomti.ing of post office in Geneva.
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Operations of the Orly Organization Until 31 December 1981
1- 12/11/1981 Bombing of Air France in Beirut.
2- 12/11/1981 Bombing of French Consul's ho~�.e in Beirut.
~ 3- 12/11/1981 Destruction of the French Cultural Center in Beirut.
4- 13/11/1981 Grenade attack on a police car 3n Paris.
5- 14/11/1981 Grenade attack on "Vedette de Paris" boat in the Se3.ne
near the Eiffel Tower.
6- 15/11/1981 Delay of flight from Beirut to Paris for 14 hours.
7- 15/11/1981 Bombing of AirFrance in Jounieh (Beirut).
- 8- 15/11/1981 Bombing of Banque Libano-Francaise in Dora (Beirut)..
9- 15/11/1981 Bombing of Fransa Bank in Zouk Michael (Beirut).
10-15/11/1981 Bombing of Banque Union de Paris in Bourj Hamoud (Beirut).
11-15/11/1981 Destruction of MacDonald's Restaurant in Paris.
12-16/11/1981 Destruction of one of the most important train stations in
Paris, Gare de 1'Est.
13-21/11/1981 Bombing of AirFrance in Tehran.
14-21/11/1981 Bombing of the French Embassy in Tehran.
15- Interruption of all flights at Orly Airport for three hours.
Operations of th e September France Organizat3on
1- 25/10/1981 Cafe on Champs d'Elysees destroyed.
2- 25/10/1981 Bombing of car on Champs d'Elysees.
3- 27/10/1981 Destruction of main elevator of central building of
Charles DeGaulle Airport.
4- 2,7/10/1981 Bombing of parking;lot of Charles DeGaulle Airport.
5- 28/10/1981 Bombing of a car parked by the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
6- 28/10/1981 Bombing of pol3ce car in Paris.
7- 29/10/1981 Five wounded in the bomb ing of a cinema in Paris.
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Miscellaneous Operations by Various Armenian Groups from 1 January 1980
to 31 December 1981
1- 19/1/1980 Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide group bomb TWA,
SwissAir and British Airlines in Ma,drid.
2- 2/2/1980 New Armenian Resistance bombs Turkish Airlines in Brussels.
3- 2/2/1980 New Armenian Resistance bombs Aeroflot in Paris.
4- 6/2/1980 Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide group wound
the Turki:sh ambassador in Bern in an assassination attempt.
5- 18/4/1980 Justice Commandos for rhe Armenian Genocide group wuund
Turkish diplomat at the Vatican.
6-17/12/1980 Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide kill Turkish
Consul with his bodyguard in Sydney.
7-20/11/1981 Justice Comm~andos of the Armenian Genocide bomb the Turki:sh
Consulat in Los Angeles.
CSO: 6000/0011
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.
ARMENIAN AFFATRS
CLAIVDESTINE RADIO ON ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT
GF191405 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
9 Apr 82
[Excerpts] The vanguard of the Armenian people struck once again yesterday
morning at one of the fascist Turkish Government's representatives, confirming
that the struggle will never cease so long as Armenian lands remain usurged
and so long as the rights of the Armenian people are being trampled upon.
Yesterday morning, Canada time, th e commercial attache of the Turkish Embassy
in Canada, Kemal Kani Gungor, was subjected to an armed attack. The Armenian
Secret ArmS~ for the Liberation of Armenia [ASALA], based in Ottawa, Los
Angeles, Athens and Beirut, has claimed full responsibility for t~ie operation
carried out against Gtmgor, the agent a~ the fascist Turkish Government. The
- Turkish diplomat is currently in the hospital in extremely critical co*~dition.
He underwent surgery yesterday and there is a possibility that he will have
a second operation today.
~ How did the event occur,? Yesterday, that is Th~rsday, 9 April 1982, ASALA
fedayeen fired at agent Kemal Kani Gungor, the commercial attache of the
Turkish Embassy in Ottawa, when the agent was in his car in the garage of
his apartment preparing to depart ~ar his emliassy. The shots fired at the
car window penetrated the agent's chest and leg, wounding tt.e Turkish
diplomat seriously.
Yesterday, that is Thursday morning, a statement by the T urkish Embassy in
Ottawa reported on ASALA's operation, saying that the commercial attache of
the embassy, Kemal Kani Gungor, had been transferred to the hospital in very
serious condition and his condition remained serious. The Turk:is.h Embassy
statement accused what it termed as ASALA terrorists of being responsible
for the operation.
After referring to the serious condition of the commercial attach, the Turkish
amb assador to Canada, Turgot Sunalp, announced that the authors of the assassi-
nation attempt were vile Armenians who would claim complete responsibility
very soon. The Turkish ~mbassador added that Turkish diplomats have been
attacked in 16 countries since 1975.
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The Canadian secretary of state for external af~airs, Mark MacGuigan announced
that the operation fi~d shocked him. He added: I can do nothing except ex-
press Tuy condolences and sympathy to Gungor'a wt~e and family.
Regarding the same event, AFP reported that initial police investigation hAd
shown that Kani Gimgor was hit by numerous bullets through his car window~~.
The repo*t added that the assail2.nt or assailants succeeded in escaping from
the site of the operation without leaving any trace.
ASALA's operation in Ottawa yesterday has been reported by intarnational and
Turkish media. During its noon broadcast today, the fascist Turkish Govern-
ment's official radio referred extensively to the operation in Ottawa yester-
day.
After expounding on the details of the attack, the Turkish announcer explained
the history of the Armenian armed struggle and stated that since 1973 the
- Armenians have been con~inuously attacking Turkish diplomatic envoys and
representatives and Turkish interests throughout the world. The Turkish
radio also com~mented that since 1973 Armenian revolutionaries have (?murdered)
13 high-ranking Turkish diplomats~. 4 diplomata of secondary status, 2 repre-
sentatives, 1 jword indistinct] and 7 Turkish employees.
CSO: 6133/2001
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' ARMENIAN AFFA~RS
CLAND~STINE RAI7T0 COMMENTS ON PEOPLE'S SUPPORT ~OR ASALA
GF031627 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
= 22 Apr 82
[Unattributed commentary]
[~~cerpts] The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia [ASALA]
has dlready (?begun) the eighth year of its activity. In order to further
the work for the liberation of Armenia and the just cause of our pecnple, the
Secret Arnry of the Armenian People has always been independent throughout
the 7 years of its existance. The arnry has never been the agent of any foreign
organization or government. It has never received any assistance from foreign
- organizations or governments. ASALA has only been the agent of the Armenian
people and it will keep on being so. The arnry's every operation and Iword
indi~tinct] in the interest of our people's and endeavors to defend these
interests. ASALA has operated independently until the present. It will
keep on operating independently until the final victory, that is, the return
of our people to the lands of our ancestors, and the liberation of our father-
- nad, ASALA does not redeive any financial aid from foreign governments or
- organizations. It is very natural that it should have financial needs and
it is also natural that the needs of the Armenian P~eople's Army be talcen care
of by the Armenian people. In fact, that is what has happened. For 7 years,
_ since the founding of the army, the Armenian people have taken care of the
_ army's financial needs and have financed the army's operat~ions. For 7 y~~ars,
aid from rich Armenians has greatly assisted the army's activities and its
successes. For 7 years, the Armenian laborers have donated their money to the
secret army and have contributed to its successes. For 7 years, the Armenian
people have been devotedly donatiing all they could, physically, financially
and morally to help ASr~LA.
They are jword indistinct] for the armed struggle waged for the liberation
of the fatherland. The fortification of ASALA today, the expansion of its
operations, the success of the Armenian armed struggle and the new Armenian
revolution in thrusting itself on the international politic~l stage, the
further success of the Armenian cause, the deep alarm of the~.Turkish Govern-
ment over the Armenian cause and its (?development), the fascist Turkish
- representatives and Turkish diplomat's fear and trembling before the righteous
bullets of the Armenian combatants have all been achieved by the devotion of
the Armenian people, the [word indistinct] aid of the prosperous Armenians and
the hard rock of the Armenian lahor~rs and tfieir jword indistinct].
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The Armenian people's unlimited devotion to the armed Armenian struggle, their
solidarity with the new Armenian revolution and their unlimi:ted physical,
financial and moral ass~istance will be xecorded in the pages of Armenian
history. Secause of this help, we ~rtll return to our fatherland and will
- liberate our lands. History has already ~?ecorded and will keep on recording
the names of all *hose worthy children of tfie Armenian people who have fielped
- the armed Armenian struggle and are still helping to further the cause of
our ~ust struggle.
ASALA is the rebirth of our Armenian people and their jword indistinct].
The progressire and independent Armenian Army will continue to employ all its
means to liberate the fatherland and promote the Armenian cause.
There is no doubt that the final victory will be ours. Armenia will certainly
be liberated and scattered Armenians will certainly come togeth.er in their
fatherland. All this will happen because of our people who haue helped our
army to develop and have been supporting our armed struggle.
CSO: 6133/2U01
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CL'ANDESTIPdE RADIO URGES ARMENIANS TO 'ARISE'
GF051436 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armentans in Armenian 1330 GMT
22 Apr 82 '
[Unattributed commentary]
[Excergts] It is the 67th anniversary of the April massacre. The Armer~ian
people jword indistinct] an unforgettable grave wound 67 years ago. ~'he
largest part of the Armenian lands were usurped by Turkey. We lost one and a
half million lives. However, loss of land and fatherland is not Iword indis-
tinct] and could never be so. Even the April ~massacre--the most horrible in
Armenian history--has not been able to crush our will for revolution and~en-
deavors for freedom.
It is A~pril, On 24 April 1982 the Armenian SSR still exists, and the Armen-
ians are still in Diaspora. The memory of our innocent martyrs is immortal.
The unquenchable love for our fatfierland is [word indistinct] in our hearts.
Moreover, the Armenians in Diaspora are alive and struggling. They are strug-
gling and wi~.l keep on doing so. The Armenian communities everywhere are
arising and initiating new liberation struggles.
The 4 million Armenians in Diaspora today are certainly demanders. There is
no doubt at all that the 4 million will unite and struggle together in the
near future. The rQSUlts achieved since the 7-year-old struggle began up to
24 April 1982 prove this point. The human losses cannot be retrieved. How-
ever, the same cannot be said about the land.
We assert that we will struggle only through our awn means. Today's April
once again confirms that the innocent Armenian victims have not been forgot-
ten. Today's April proves that the Armenian liberation struggle is co~:tin~uing.
Arise 0 you Armenians for the sake of your one and a half million martyrs,
your hold land and your right to live. The thousands-year-old Ararat is
looking yearningly at you. Your deliverence depends upon the liberation
struggle and the liberated lands.
~ CSO: 6133/2001
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~ ARMENIAN A'F'FAIRS
~ CLANDESTINE ON 24 APRIL POSTERS IN BURJ HAMMUA
- GF051446 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
22 Apr 82
jUnattributed commentary]
[Excerpts] The efforts to preserve the Armenian race are still in a success-
ful stage indeed. The protectors of Armenian race, ~~ho risk their lives for
the supreme interests of the Armenian people, are continuing to remain firm
in their constructive convictions. For sometime n~~w, a new method has been
uaed to protect the Armenian race. However, the drama to deceive the Armen-
- ians in Bur3 Hammud is continuing.
A few days ago, Turkish video tapes could be heard from houses in Bur~ Hammud.
It seemed as if there was a Turkish video-tape festival in progress in that
district. Moreover, after a few days, the Armenian posters were ripped off
the walls. These posters were not only Armenian, tRey were also the posters
dedicated to 24 April. Well, were those posters that cherish the memory of
our one and a half million martqrs, Turkish by gny ~hance?
This is how during these April days the Armenian posters, which are dedicated
_ to vur inartyrs, are being torn dawn in the Armenian streets. After organizing
- ~ a(?campaign) of Turkish video tapes and feasts in the clubs, the so-called
protectors of Armenian origin are tearing down the 24 April posters and T-
shirts in Bur~ Hammud and other districts. I$ it disgusting for the commit-
tees engaged in distributing lottery tickets in these April days to see
April 24 posters, which commemorate our one and a half million martyrs, on
the walls, replaced by posters of Indian and other movies? Are the 24 April
shirts being sold at Armenian shops so ugly to look at?
Nothing is (?unbelievable). Destruction of the posters dedicated to the un-
forgettable memory of our one and a half million martyrs was certainly ex-
pected from the so-called protectors of the Armenian origin who have been
]~ost for 60 years in the swampa made with their own fiands. There is nothing
to feel surprised at. However, the most pitiable are the simple Armenian
youths who are following these traditional protect~rs'of the Armenian race.
These youths knvw not how to respect their own martyrs and are taniishing
their memory on their own. These youths are hopeleas cases.
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However, the conscien~ious Armenian youths are certainly keeping their eyes
open. They are perplexed by these jworda indistinctJ facts. They are watch-
ing tRe Armenians and are getting jword indistinct] by the way their people
live. Instead of destroying tlie 24 April posters and shtrts, these knowing
youths w311 destroy the pretense of protecting the Ar~nenian people and *_he
conspirato~s involved.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMEN~AN A~'FAIRS
CLANDESTINE REPORTS 24 APRIL DEMONSTRATIONS
~ GF081356 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 (~iT
24 Apr 82
[Excerpts] Today at lOQO, a large nat~onal demonstration was held in At~~^s
to coummemorate the mem~ry of the April martyrs and mark the day for the per-
severence of the struggle. The demonstrators marched toward the Turkish
Embassy in Athens and condemned the fascist Turkish Government. The details
will be broadcast to you in our next grograms.
M~oreover, yesterday, Friday 23 April 1982, at 1800, a large national demon-
stration was held in Nicosia. The demonstration was attended by the G~priot-
Arnrenians and progressive organizations. The Cyprtot newspapers today re-
ported on the large national demonstration and the meeting held in Nicosia
yesterday and published numerous photos in which the banners of the Armenian
Secret Army for the I~iberation of Armenia jASALA] are clearly seen being car-
ried by the Cypriot-Armenian masses.
The demonstrators marched from (?Vassily) Square in Nicosia to Independence
Square, erected ASALA's red banners along the road and chanted revolutionary
slogans. The slogans particularly stressed the ~oint struggle to be waged
for the liberation of the usurped Cypriot and Armenian lands from the comnon
enemy, the fascist Turkish Government. The oppressed Cyrpiot people and
- their progressive organizations fully supported the Armenian people and their
~ust cause. The ~?amonstration of the Cy~sriot-Armenians yesterday was also
- attended by progressive Cyrpiot organizations, mainly by EDEK representatives;
Zahr el-Khatib, the revolutionary Lebanese deputy and the loyal frien~i of the
- Armenian people and Abu Sultan, the representative of the Jordanian National
(Martian) Committee [name as heard].
A meeting was held after the groups arrived at Independence Square from
(?Vassily) Square. A true atmosphere of international revolutionary solidar-
ity (?prevailed) in the meeting. The meeting was addressed by (?Hadi
Dimitriu) the representative of EDER, and Zahr el-Khatib, the revolutionary
deputy and the representative of the Workers League. Moreover, cables sent
by the Jordanian National (Martian) Co~ittee addressed to EDEK and fhe
National Movement 9ympathizing with ASALA, were read during the meeting. .
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(Garabed Pashabezian), the representative of Hagop Darak~ian Benevolent
Union, and Comrade Minas , the representative o~ the National T~3ovement 9ym-
pathizing with ASALA, also addressed th e meetin.g. We will b roa~cast tfie full
- contents of the speeches during our next programs. Meanwhile, we will brief
you on the speeches that were delivered.
(?Hadi Dimitriu), the representative of EDEK stated the following: "On the
occasion of the memory of the genocide, we assert that this is the memo'rial
day of'the genocide carried out against all the people. The Turkish fascism
execu~.ed a genocide against the Armenian people, believing that it could own
the Armenian lands. However, today, after 60 years of that genocide, the
Armenian people are struggling. Revalutionaries are struggling to liberate
- Armenia. We condemn the genocide carried out against the Armenian people and
demand the liberation of Armenia, Cyprus, Palestine, Kurdistan and E1 Salvador.
We demand freedom for all the oppressed people. Dear Cypriot-Armenians,
- strengthen your struggle beyond our skies. We will take your hands in ours
to liberate the Armenian lands. We will side with you in order to liberate
the Armenia ~and Cyprus."~ �
Comrade Minas, the representative of the National Movement Sympathizing i~ith
ASALA noted: "Today, the Hnchag, Ramgavar and Commimist parties are all pres-
ent at this meeting. Tf~ere are no absences whatsoever, except for the agent
of imperialism, the Tachnak ~larty. Tachnaks are unable to comprehend that
the United States is the enemy of all the people. They forget that it was
the United States that impelled Turkey to occspy Cyprus and the arms that
converted Cyprus into a graveyard were American. Compatriots, we believe that
24 April is the d$y of struggle. The united struggle of the Armenian and the
Cypriot people is the path to victory."
(Garabed Pashabezian), the representative of Hagop Darak~ian Benevolent Union
stated the following: "This is the day of struggle and revolution. The
Armenian people today fully support the Cypriot ~eople and their legal and just
cause. Despite all the hindrances, ASALA has existed for 7 years in order to
struggle for the liberation of Armenia and the restoration of the Armenian
rights
Zahr el-Khatib, the revolutionary deputy and the representative of the Workers
League asserted that 24 April is one of the darkest pages in the human his-
tory. It is a page that is full of blood and tears and contains the memory
of the suffering of a people who decided to live with dignity or to die. These
people who were deported by force and dispersed throughout the world after
the 1915 massacre, that aimed for their annihilation, are still surviving
today. Long live the Armenian people; long live the Cypriot people; long
live the Arab people and long live the solidarity of the people who strugg~.e
for freedom, liberation and peace."
The Jordanian National (Martian) Committee's cable addressed to the National
Movement Sympathizing with ASALA, noted: "The memory of 24 April must never
be forgotten or perish, in order that you strengthen your revolutionary
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struggle and increase your ranks againat the Turkish fascism which is the
a11y of international imgeriA].f~,m. We convey our greetings to all the revalu-
tionary combatants of the $truggling ~rmenian people who are fieaded by ASAI.A--
our firm ally. Long live Armenian aad Arab,revolutionary solidarity. Long
11ve international revolutionary solidarity. The victory ~s for our united
struggle."
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENTAN AFF'AIRS
ASALA CALLS ON IA'TERNATIONAL PUBLIC OPINION
GF091215 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians .in Armenian 1330 (~iT
24 Apr 82
[The call of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA)
to international public opinion on the occas3.on of 24 April]
[Excerpts] Once again we �ind ourselves in front of 24 April. April 24 sig-
nifies events that became meaningful for the A::-inenian people. The Turkish
fascist authorities organized the massacre of the Armenian people 67 years
ago so that the occupied Armenian lands would be devoid of their genuine
inhabitants and nobody would demand lands from Turkey. In order to make cer-
t ain of this aim, the Turkish authorities massacred more than 1 and 1/2 mil-
lion Arn?enians. Tfie [?survivors] among our people were deported from their
fatherland and were dispersed throughout the world. Our people today continued
to suffer the consequences of the massacre organized by Turkey and have lie-
come the victims of the contradictions of Diaspoxa. The Turkish fascist
regime today continues to extort and pressure our compatriots living in Turkey.
M~oreover, the Turkish authorities are attempting to dest~oy our historic land-
marks, symbols of Armenian civilization and our past, so as to finally erase
- the traces of the Armenian people's e~dstence. Those chiefly responsible
for-~this situation are the imperialist governments who support ~and defend Turkey
by all means. Imperialist forces are encouraging the Turkish policy of
exploitation and oppression. The Armenian people .could no longer rema3n
silent against all these said injustices. This is why our people determined
to struggle with all their power in order to liberate the occupied lands~and
regain the Armenian people's right to self-determination.
Moreover, the vanguards of our people are not only struggling against Turkey
but are also forced to struggle against the 3mperialist al'lies of the fascis~
Turkish Government, who are pursuing our rewlutionaries and pressuring our
communities in the Diaspora. Last year was full of evidences which served
to clarify the firm relationship between the imper~alist forces and the Turkish
Government. However, whatever difficulties come across the path of our strug-
gle, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia [ASALA] once
again reveals its firm convict ion that the Armenian people will continue to
s truggle and the Armenian armed struggle will continue to achieve new victories.
The Armenian people by their solidarity with all the oppressed people will
succeed in striking at the fascist Turkish Government and the imperialist
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forces. The Ax~oenian people will succeed in thrusting forward the Armenian
and various other oppressed people's causes. TEie previous operat~,ons of our
fed~yeens are the best examples of the achieved successes. The climax of
these successes was the historic Van operation during which our revolutionar-
ies occupied the Turkish Embassy in Paris for 15 hours, proving that the
Armenian people's struggle will never cease until the restoration of our ~tssC
right~.
7
On the occasion of 24 April, ASALA calls on all thP peoples and international
- pub lic opinion to support all the just causes. We demand that international
public opinion condemn the Turkish [words indistinct] government. Long live
the solidaritq of the people who are dep~ived of their rights. Long live
the ~ust causes of all the people. (?Dawnfall for) imperialism, the Turkish
fascist government and all those fascist governments who exploit the peoples
and ravish their rights. Freedom for all the oppressed people in the world.
[Signed] 24 Apri1,1982, ASALA
CSO: 6133/2001
7
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ARMENIAN AFF~,IRS
~ CLANDESTINE RADIO ON ASALA CALL TO STRUGGLE
GFa81955 (Clandestine) Voice of bebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
- 24 Apr 82
jThe call of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, ASALA,
to the Armenian people on 24 April 1982--read by announcerJ
[ExcerptsJ Armenian people, on the occasion~of the 24 April struggle day,
- we recall the~memory of our 1 and 1/2 million martyrs who died during the
massacre organized by tTie Turkisfi autfiorities 67 years ago.
Sixty-seven years after the massacre, a large part of the Armenian people
today are facing tfie fiarsh and difficult truth of the Diaspora. They are
living deprived of their fatherland and rights. Moreover for scores of years
they have Fieen suffering the consequences of local regional and international
political crises and various other complications merely because they are de-
pr~,ved of their fatherland and are livtng away from it. On the other hand,
while the Armenians in Diaspora are living in this sitation, the Armenian
iden~i~y is forming on the east banks of the Arax. On this day of struggle
which evokes the memory of the most violent genocide in human history, we
look at our small fatherland, the Armenian SSR, which rose from the ruins.
While dispersed throughout the world, we are watching with eyes which are
- yearning for a fatherland how the progressive public in mother Armenia are
- fdrg~l~ ahead every day and every year and haw the Armenian identity is becom-
ing enlightened. The Armenian SSR is flourishing alongside the ruins of Ani
and Kars. The Armenian SSR is the sole hope and foothold of all the Armenians
in the world. Let us fortify our small fatherland and the bright future will
be ours.
Armenian people, after 60 long ye~zs of silence and [word indistinct] we have
initiated a struggle to regain our rights and establish our own government.
The 7-year-old struggle of our people is aimed at the fascist Turkish Govern-
ment which is supported by imperialism. Our 7-year-old struggle has developed
and been popularized. It has currently entered into a new stage, a stage in
which the children of the Armenian people are gathering aroLmd the struggle.
The armed struggle has become the genuine expression of all the Armenians who
are supporting the combatants of our vanguard and donating all their capabili-
ties and decisiveness to these fighters. On the occasion of the 24 April
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struggle day. We call on all the Arnienians throughout the world to ~oin the
struggle being waged and further streagthen the national liberation struggle
by all possible means. We call on the Armenian masses to support and aid the
armed struggle financially, pfiysically and worally.
- It is up to the Armenian people to assemble on a large scale around the
ar~d struggle, away from all types of polarization and divisiveness.
Let us congregate around our revived fatherland, the Armenian SSR, and defend
it decisively against all dangers and threats. Let us defend our small father-
land with all our power so that it becomes the basic center and the starting
point for our struggle to liberate our occupied lands in Western Armenia. On
- the 24 April struggle day, the Armenian Secret Arnry for the Liberation of
Armenia [ASALA] assures the unquenchable spirits of our 1 and 1/2 million
martyrs, the martyrs of our 7-year-old atruggle and all the Armenian people
that it will continue the.aimed struggle waged fo r the liberation of Armenia
until our people achieve the rights for self-determination in our fatherland
and until final victory. Let us renew our vo~�.: with the jword indistinct]
' blood of our thousands of martyrs--the vow for struggle and perseverence.
Let us emb race and (?welcome) the promising future together through a united
front and one word. Eternal memory for our thousands of martyrs . Eternal
memory for our Fedayeens who died during the 7-year-old armed struggle. Long
live the revived Armenian revolution. Long live the Arn?enian youths who are
constantly alert and conscientious. Long live the solidarity of the Armenians
who are assembled around the national ltberation struggle.
[Signed] 24 April 1982, ASALA.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CLANDESTINE ON PRENCH 1"IINISTER' ~ STATII~NT
GF101732 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
27 Apr 82
jUnattriliuted co~entary]
[Text] Following Frencli Interior Minister Gaston Defferre's announcement in
front of tfie monument to our 1.5 million wartyrs of April in Ma.rseille,
French-Turkisfi state and diplomatic relations are gradually deteriorating.
Yesterday, 26 April 1182, the Turkish Foreign Ministry issued a communique
protesting Tnteri:or Minister Defferre's statement as creating an encouraging
atmosphere for Armenian terrorism.
On 24 April Gaston Defferre announced in front of the monument to our martyrs
in Marseille that France will follow up the Armenian cause. However, at the
same time he called on the French Armenians not to employ harsh methods in
expressing tiie demands of the Armenian people.
In October grench Defense Minister Charles Hernu said: An FRG prime minister
kneeled B efore tfie crimes of the Nazis. Will the Turks perform a similar
jword indistinct~]?
- The Turkish Foreign Ministry communique added that it has kept President
Evren informed about the French announcement regarding the alleged genocide and
Armenians. The communique noted that during its recent session the Turkiah
cabinet had discussed the issue. The communique also said that so-called
Armenian terrorists had ?:illed six Turkish diplomats in France and launched
numerous attacks on Turkish embassies.
The Turkish communique noted that despite frequent warnings by the Turkish ~
Governmen t, tfie French Government continues with its policy in favor of
Armenians. I't added that Gaston Defferre's recent announcements are the
latest proof of this policy.
It should also be mentioned that on 25 April Adnan Bulak, the Turkish ambas-
sador to France, warned France th at observance of Armenian genocide day in
France would strain French-Turkish relations.
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. The 67th anniversary of the Armenian massacre was marked on a very high level
in Paris. More tfian 7,000 Armenians attended a rally. They carried 1,000
flags displaying tfie armorial ensig~:s of the Armenian Secret Army for Liber-
. ation jASALA]. The rally was organized by the Armenian National Assembly
around ASALA organization Ias heard]. The demonstrators rallied in front of
the Turkisli Embassy and condemned tfi e massacre of the Armenians.
Moreover, A.ra Koranian, one of the leaders of the Armenian.;National Assembly
~ around ASALA organization in France, delivered a 25-minuze speech on 23 and
24 April on Channel 2 of the French television. Koranian expounded on the
l Armenian massacre, Turkish fascism, the Armenian cause and ASALA. He also
clarified the aany's political aims and spoke of the new liberation struggle
- of the Armenian people.
Although it is true that Gaston Uefferre's statement will result in a deter-
ioration of French-Turkish relations, Defferre's announcement included nothing
in favor of the Armenian people and their ~ust cause. Gaston Defferre's
statement is unacceptable. Defferre openly stressed that the Armenian people
must end the armed struggle. He even advised us to abandon the struggle so
that tfie Armenian people would return to the same passive state that they were
in b.efore 1J75.
Let us also not forget Defferre's deceptive promises. It is already known to
all of us~ that during the Van operation he fias promised the Yeghia Keshishian
suicidal commandos the status of political refugees if they withdrew from the
embassy. However, the fot~r fieroes are still imprisoned in French ~ails.
It is also clear that Defferre cantradicted himself regarding the successes
of the Armenian people's armed struggle. If the Armenian people had not used
so-called fiarsh mean~, Defferre could not have made such announcements and
Frencfi-Turkisfi relations need not have deteriorated. Defferre and all his
kin must knaw tfi at it is because of so-called harsh action that the Armenian
cause today is progressing and tfi e Turkish Government is facing d#fficult
times.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CLANDESTINE CONDENlNS DESTRUCTION OF 24 APRIL POSTERS
GF111230 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
- 2 7 Ap r 82
[Unattributed commentary]
[Excerpts] The condemnable disputes among the parties in Diaspora over the
past 50 years have been deeply abfiored by those who are not party members.
These disputes not only retarded tfie progress of the Armenian cause but also
resulted in immorality for pure-spirited Armenians. The situation was
so liad that the~killing among brothers became a daily fact. We do not wish
to recall tlie details of those dark days once again.
Yes, we are ashamed to recall even a single event th at occurred during those
SO years. Instead of tilessing us, our 1.5 million martyrs are cursing us from
their graves, liecause you, 0 traitors, converted their prayers into curses.
= Because of your selfish interests, you forgot the revenge of the Armenians
- and the massacre by the fascist Turks. All of us re~oiced and forgot the
shameful deeds wfien we decided to mark the SOth anniv~ersary of our martyrs to-
getfier. 0 unfortimate 50th, 60th, 67th anniversaries; 0 unfortunate Armen-
ian martyrs, open your eyes for a moment and watch your Armenian children
who just a short while ago vowed to band together and convert your curses
into blessings.
Immortal and holy Armenian martyrs, we are not worthy of your blessings.
We are not even worth lieing called your heirs because the ones that you had
- forgiven are once again plotting against their own brothers.
0 worshipful Armenian martyrs, once again look around and see how A~menian
Cains are pursuing their own brothers Abel. They have begun to destroy
monuments which represent your immortal memory, 24 April. These shameful
deeds were witnessed in Athens, Beirut, Leon, G~prus and Los Angeles where
_ the ~irmenian Cains tore down the 24 Apr.il posters representing our 1.5 million
martyrs set up by the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia.
- Yes, dear compatriots, we deserve our martyrs' insults and not their blessings.
CSO: 6133/2001
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~ ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CLANDESTINE OPPOSES ARMENIAN II~SIGRATION
GF120547 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
29 Apr 82
[Unattributed com~entary]
[Excerpts] The Turkish jword indistinct] has always been the aggressor in
history.. It is enough to recall the events which have occurred over the past
20 years, such as the occupation of Syrian lands~, the attack on Cyprus, the
(?aggressions) against Greece, and th e violent pressure on th e Kurdish re-
volutionary movements. The Turkish Govermnent has not been content with all
this. It fi as~ conttnued Tal'at's and Ataturk's anti-Armenian policy. Just
because tfi e said policy is pursued covertly, our people believe that Turkey
has lef t th~ Armenians alone .
Following the 1915 massacre, during 1920-25 jword indistinct], Turkey played
~ its great and (?tmdeniable) role in the Nakhichevan's [word indistinct] in
Armenian SSR and has continued its anti-Armenian policy under the cover of
foreign and Armenian establishments.
For numerous years the Armenians in Diaspora were engaged in the rehabili-~.
tation work in the countries they settled in. Meanwhile, the leaders of the
Turkish tyranny were very well aware of the fact that the Armenian people's
revival would mean the revival of the Armenian cause. In particular there
was the possibility that tfie Armenians wfio settled in the Arab world could
become stronger and pose a tfir~at because they were near the occupied lands.
The Turkish plan was otivious. It was necessary to destroy the Armenians in the
Middle East. In carryirig out this plan, the main role was played by the
United States, aided and guided by Turkey. The UNCHR offices were established.
It was alleged that these offices would aid the Armenians. In fact, they
were engaged in the traitarous mission of transporting the Armenians in the
Middle East to tfie United States. On the other hand, the Armenian reaction-
aries cooperated with U.S. imperialism and gave [word indistinct] excuses
regarding the plan. They did not wish to see the revival of the Armenian
revolutionary movements in the Middle East. They were opposed ta these move-
ments and threatened Armenian communities. There are other examples. Until
(?1952) there were 50,000 Armenians residing in Egypt. Uue to the reasons
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already mentioned, these Armenians immigrated ~o the United States and today
there are only 15,000 Armenians in Egypt. The Syrian-Armenians in that
period had numbered 200,OQ0, while today there are only 150,000 A~rmenians
left there. There were 35,000 Armenians in Iran. Today there are only 10,000
1eft. There were 70,000 Armenians in Greece, which was one of UNCHR's [word
indistinct], wfiile today there are 15,000 Armenians there. We can also con-
_ sider the state of tfie Armenians in Iran and Lebanon during the war when they
were in need of leaders. In peacetime tfiese leaders made speeches; in war
- they deserted tfie people and left for places of peace and security.
What [words indistinct] the revival of the Armenian cause. It was never dead
- and is not dead even today. The immigsti4n._ of the 1/2 million Armenians
from ~ll over the world including the Armenian SSR was advantageous to the
United States. But for fiow long? Until our people discover this plan. Tliis
state of affairs still continues. It can only be stopped by the (?aware) and
clever Armenians wag~ng their comBined struggle against everything that
_ threatens our people's interests in the Middle East and the Armenian SSR.
How long will we keep on feeding Turkish (?nationalism) and that of the
Armenian reactionaries who have anti-Armenian aims? How long will we keep on
celebrating tfie anniversaries of the Turkish (?agency) UNCHR, which is the
(?butchersfiop) of imperialists in the United States--the graveyard of Armen-
- ians? So much depends on tfie answers to these questions.
CSO: 6133/2001 -
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ARMENIAN AFFAIkS
CLANDESTINE RADIO ASSAILS 'REACTIONARIES'
GF111510 (Clandestine~ Vo~ce of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
29 Apr 82
[Unattributed commentary~
[Text] How long and how far? Ce~tainly, ~til suffocation.
The Armenian reactionaries are drowning in the jword indistinct] created
with their own hands. (?Feeling their end near), they have come out with
their final yellow poison. The reactionaries are employing all types af ineans
to erase the hardly cleared path of Armenia. On the occasion of the commemora-
tion of tfie 67th annivers~ary of the genocide, the Armenian reactionary .
Tachnak party leadexs have begun killing their own people. Armenian youths
who sympathize with tbe Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
jASALA] are being rim down. The national masses are being pressured. The
dying leaders are hitting their [word indistinctJ in Los Angeles, Lyon,
Beirut, Tehran, Atfiens, Nicosia and Bruj Hammud. Due to the continuous action
and pressures against the Armenians, the .~ituation is becoming grave.
An Armenian youth was shot in Los Angeles because he was sticking ASALA
posters on a wall. Similarly, four Armenian youths were tortured in Lyon for
the same reason. A wreath laid in front of the Armenian monument in Tehran
has been torn apart tiecause it bore ASALA's name. The 24 April posters and
shirts have been destroyed in Bur3 Hammud for the same (?reason), Moreover,
cruelty was also practiced in Bur~ Ha~nud against a humble Armenian family.
Two criminals, high on narcotics supplied by their party leaders, entered
the house of an Armenian family and shot at their two sons, pretending a dis-
pute~over 150 Lebanese pounds. They kidnapped the third son and took t~im to
their gambling center, the party club. The violence did not end there. The
crusader of tfie district arrived on the site and, after being informed that
the dispute was among Armenians, shot at the family's house. This is haw
those act who preach that their only enemies are the Turks. The knights of
- darkness Iwords indistinct] have been able to convert word into action. Ttie
Ii~ord indistinct] is by genocide, violence and killing of the Armenians.
The Armenian reactionaries are living their final moments. They have in-
creased their intrigues against the Armenian people. Still, it is up to the
Armenian people to unite and liberate themselves from all types of vile deeds,
actions and tqranny.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CLANDESTINE ON CYPRIOT PARLIAI~:NT DECISION
GF151553 (Clandestine~ Voice of Lebanese Armeniansrin Armenian 1330 GMT
1 May 82
[Text] The Armenian people and the 7-year-old armed political struggle of
their vanguard, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenian
[ASALA], achieved a new success yesterday. The Cypriot parliament adopted
a decision in favor of the Armenians and unanimously condemned the massacre
executed by Turkey 67 qears ago. The decision also demanded the full restor-
ation of tfie Cyrpiot people's rigfits. Moreover, it assailed the occupation
of southern Cyprus T~y tfie Turkish forces in 1974.
- In fact, the Cypriot parliament unanimously accepted the legitimacy and
righteousness of the Armenian cause by adopting a decision advanfiageous to the
Armenian people. The points of the decision are as follows:
1. It assails the massacre executed against the Armenians which resulted
in their deportation from their lands.
2. It defends the Armenian people's ~ust rights to return to their lands.
3. It notes the longlasting fraternal relations between the local Cypriots
and the Armenians, and the Armenian participation in tfie country's political,
economic and cultural life.
4. It accepts this attitude of solidarity as the best proof that all
Cypriot people are able to live tmited without discrimination by race,
religion or nationality.
5. It condemns the crime executed tiy the Turks against the Cypriot people
in 19 74 .
[Words indistinct] was unanimously adopted by the Cypriot parliament follaw-
ing Armenian Deputy Aram Kalajian's 15 minutes speech. The speech influenced
the parliament greatly. The resolution was prepared and represented by EDEK
and Deputy Aram Kala~ian. After being adopted by the foreign relations
committee, the resolution was dispatched to the parliament, and as we have
mentioned, was adopted unanimously.
On Aram Kala,jian~s request, th e parliament will dispatch the said decisions
to all the parliaments throughout the world.
CSO: 6113/2001
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aRr~Naarr ~aiRs
ARMENIAN CLANDESTINE ASSAILS WESTERN MEDIA
GF151616 (Clandestine) 4oice of Lebanese Armenians in Aranenian 1330 GMT 1 May
82
[Unattributed comn~entary]
, [Excerpts] When Western media report on the operations of the Armenian revo-
lutionaries, they often call them extremists. However, we are never surprised
when these sources define us as extremists. On numerous occasions we hane
proved the Western media's jwords indistinct] to imperialism.
We are only surprised by tfie political (?immaturity), military perversity
and the ignorance of the West. We, the Armenian revolutionaries are very well
aware of the West's mean and diabolic (?plot). By calling the Armenian revolu-
tionary movements extremist, they want to estab lish a(?gap) between the
Armenian people and~.their revolutionary organization. We believe that the
Arn~enian people because their majority are convinced of the purity of the
Armenian revolutionaries~; struggle and tfieir jwords indistinct].
The Western imperialist coimtries a.re very well ~ware of the legitimacy of
the Armenian struggle. Aowever, they belteve tfiat the Armenian people's
struggle will hinder tFieir imperialist plans.
Finally we want to explain who is the moderata and who is the extremist. If
the Western media understand that a moderate Armenian is the opportunist who
neglects the Armenian rights and plots against the Armenian revolutionary
organization, then we have only one definition for such a person: a traitor
who deserves death. If they understand the Armenian extremist as the one who
is devoted, defends Armenian rights, struggles for Armenian unification and the
achievement of Armenian rights Iwords indis~inct], then we have only one de-
finition for such a person: a devoted fighter who is worthy of jwords in-
distinct].
We are not only extremists in this struggle, we are even ready to become
fanatics if we become convinced that such a step will be advantageous to our
people.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CLANDESTINE ON TURKISH DIPLOMAT'S ASSASSINATION
GF180410 (Clandestine) Votce of Leb anese Armenians in Armenian 1330 Q~IT
6 May 82
[Text] Orhan Gimduz, a Turkish hono rary consul, was (?assassinated) on
Tuesday ni ght in Somerville. As is known, the Justice ~iommandos of Armenian
genocide have claimed responsibility for the killing. U.S. President Ronald
Reagan condemned tfie operation and stated that no quarter will be provided
to terroris ts in the United States. Mearnahile, the White House, which con-
sideres its elf the friend of the Turki.sh Government, announced that it ~oins
the Turkish ~overnment and weeps over this foul deed.
On the occasion of tfie satd killing, Alec Yenikomushian, member of the Cen-
tral Connnittee of the Armenian Secret Arnry for tY~e Liberation of Armenia
jASALA], in response to a question from the English international NEWSWEEK,
said yesterday that ASALA supports the operation by the 3ustice Commandos
and at the same time c:emands that they make their political view clear and not
become prey to the intrigues by reactionary leaders.
Let us hear Alec Yenikomushtan's answer to NEWSWEEK: IPassage indistinct].
We, ASALA, fully support the action in (?Boston~ yesterday by the Justice
_ Commandos of the Armenian genocide during which Orhan Gundu~.,,the Turkish
honorary cona.ul in Boston, was (?killed). We fully support that action
because it was within the framework of our people's struggle against our basic
enemy and [word indistinct].
Armed struggle is one of the basic means to liberate our people and land.
We believe that military operations are not enough. The political path must
be clarifi ed. We believe the political course of the Justice Commandos has
not been clarified enough because it does not (?specifically) define the
main enemies of our people. Consequently, our friends the Justice Commandos
must clarify their political aims and take care that they are not exploited
by certain reactionary Armenian elements.
CSO: 6133/20Q1
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ARI~TIAN AFFAIRS
~ ASALA LEADER ON ARMS SMUGGLING
GF180428 (Cland~estine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
6 I~ay 82
[Summary from poor reception] Based upon information received from Turkish
security sources, thQ Turkisfi reactionary dailq HURRIYET reported yesterday
that 800 people have been arrested in southern Turkey for being involved in a
ma3or arms smuggling operation. According to HURRIYET, the arms were destined
for the Armenian Secret Arnry for the Liberation o� Armenia jASALA]. HURRIYET
notes that the ogeration was organ9:zed by the C?Ocerco) Northern Cyprus Com-
pany, located in tfie Turkish part of Cyprus, and addR that the company had
supplied ASALA all types of arms~manufactured in Europe and the Middle East.
- Turkish securitp forces s~tated that the company was directed by (Movses
Keuleian), a Cypriot-Armenian, and had brancfies in the Netherlands, Iraq,
Syria and Lebanon and agents in soutfiern provinces of Turkey.
According to the same source~, tfie customs director of Famagusta Port in
Cyprus disappeared 2 days ago after being discharged by the interior minister
o� the Turkish part of Cyprus. According to the Turkish sources, the customs
director, in league with the director of the (?0 cerco) Northern Cyp rus Company,
has been s~muggling arms to the Greek part of Cyprus from where they were
dispatched to a Middle Eastern cotmtry and then handed to ASALA. nao years
ago (?63) carriers coming from Europe disappeared after entering Turkish
territory and delivering goods to the (?Ocerco) Northern Cy~srus Company.
On this occasion Alec Yenikomushian, member of ASALA Central Committee, made
this announcement to an international news agency today: "In response to the
news concerning the arrest of people in southem Turkey who were smuggling
arms for ASALA, we, the ASALA, announce that such arrests wil]. not be able
to hinder our struggle against the fascist TuYkish Government. Meanwhile,
we sternly warn the Turkish authorities that our reply is near at hand and
that our blow will be very hard."
CSO: 6113/2001
~
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/
A1~NIAN AFFAIRS
ASALA ASKS FOR ASSISTANCE FROM ARMENIAN SSR
GF181930 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
7 May 82
[Unattributed commentary]
,~Excerpts] The Armenian revolution organized during the past years has per-
turbed the Armenian bourgeoisie. These individuals who were helped by the
protectors of Armenian origin, the [word indistinct] constitutions in Diaspora
and led by tfie cons~ervative organizations, fiave begun a campai,gn against
Armenian revolutionary organizations and jwonds indistinct]. However, it is
expected that through tfie progress of the renolutionary struggle and the ex-
pansion of the revolutionary organization Iwords indistinct] will increase.
The Armenian SSR is in tlie Soviet Union. This clear truth is avoided by our
conservatives. Regarding tfi~s ~act, we will try to explain the strong ties
between the Armenian revolution and the Armenian SSR and the stand of the
Armenian revolutionaries in Dtaspora and tfieir feelings toward the Soviet
Union in general and tfie Armenian SSR in particu3.ar.
Owing to the socialist revolution, the Armenian SSR adopted the most economic-
ally and socially progressive constitution in human history. At a time when
the Third World countries are being [word indistinct] socially and economically
torn apart by international imperialism, the Arm~enian SSR is making progress.
There is no comparison between Armenian lands occupied by Turkey and the Ar-
menian SSR. After the socialist revolution took place in tsarist Russia,
human society has made much progress in the Soviet Union. 'I'his fact is proved
by Soviet history. Is their system the best? Or are there faults? Should
there be any reformation in the Soviet Union and the Armenian SSR? Yes,
absolutely. It is not possible to expect othexwise, because no force exists
which can resist the [word ~ indistinct] of human history.
The Armenian revolution is [word indistinct], progressing and swelling its
ranks. This is what the young men have proved in the Middle East, Europe and
the United States. Consequently, the Armenian revolution should qualify as a
struggle waged fon human progress. The Armenian revolution should be able
to analyze the [word indistinct] of history and not stick to obsolete �
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attitudes such as the traditionalists have. The traditionalists still do
not understand that it is not possible to return the Armenian SSR, which was
established tfirough a socialist revolution, to the bourgeoisie ranks.
There remains only one way for our revolution. This way has two parts:
1. Developing the socialist and ecc~namic system of the Armenian SSR.
2. 6athering the Armenians in Diaspora in the liberation lands and creating
an economic and social system that will not contradict the constitution of
the Armenian SSR and which should not hinder any future union.
The Armenian revolution should be able to make the Armenian SSR a strong
revolutionary foothold. Tfiat is why the Armenian Secret Army for the Libera-
tion of Armenia jASALA] regards the Armenian SSR as an already liberated
territory, and the Soviet IInion a friend of our revolution. This is why
we call for assistance from our fatherland, the Armenian SSR.
CSO: 6133/20.Q1
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS

~
JORDANIAN COMMITTEES SUPPORT ASALA
GF181451 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
~ May s2
[Text of the telegram from the Jordanian Popular (?Martian) Co~ittees to
the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia on the occasion of
anniversa�xy of 24 April]
[Sum~ary from poor reception] Friends of the Political Bureau of the Armen-
ian Secret Army ~or the Liheration of Armenia l~~~, on the occasion of the
commemoration of tfie genoci:de carrted out by the fascist Turkish Government
again,st the heroic Armenian people, we, tfie leaders and members--in the name
of the struggling Jordanian people--Jvow to continue our united struggle
against our enemies. The~memory of tlie 24 April must be an impetus for the
Armenian people and for tfie mobilization of their revolutionary struggle.
The vanguard of this struggle is ASALA. Due to your revolution the whole
world has come to know ab.out the Armenian cause; a cause which Turkish fas-
cism, imperialism and its agents are attempting to hide. Our friends, the
imperialist hostility is ~manifest against the Arab world and Jordan. The
revolutionary struggle of the world's peoples~ is a united struggle for liber-
ation, progress and recovery of the fatfierland. ASALA represents the Armenian
people's struggle being waged against Turkish fascists who have occupied~th~ir
lands and have annihilated 2 million Armenians. We are certain that the
Armenian people will come out victorious at the end of their struggle. We
are convinced tfiat the Armenian people will return to their fatherland one
day and decide their own future. Our friends, in the name of the Jordanian
Popular (?Martian) Committees and our people's struggling sons, we vaw to
struggle together for the freedom and independence of our people. We stress
the necessity of solidarity among all the revolutionaries in the region, aimed
at resisting schemes of imperialist, Zionist, reactionary and fascist Turkish
plots. Once again we confirm our solidarity. The struggle people will win
in the end.
[Signed] Jordanian Popular (?Martian) Courmittees ~
CSO: 6133/2001
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~ ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
,
WORKERS LEAGUE ADVOCATES ASALA-ARAB FRONT
GF181306 (Clandestine~ Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
~ r~y s2
jText d~ tRe telegram from Workers League organization Central Commj.ttee to
Armenian Secret Army for the Liber.ation of Armenia of the anniversary of 24th
of April]
[Summary from poor receptian~ Friends of the 8olitical Bureau of the Armen-
ian Secret Army for tfie Liberation of Armenia jASALA~, the 67th anniversary
of the Armenian genocide By tfie Turks coincides witfi the stage when the Ar-
menian people's cause ts imdergoing a complete revival and is entering a
new phase, owfing to the efforts of Armenian people's vanguard. The anniver-
sary of ttie genocide renewg the solidarity of tfie Armenian and Arab people,
and proves tfie i~mportance of the strategic alliance of the Armenian and Arab
revolutionaries for tfie e~tablishing of a Middle Eastern Revolutionary Front.
This front wfll resist tfie i~mperialists, Zionists and reactionaries and will
further the struggle of tfie people in tfie Middle East. The Workers League
regards the Armenian cause as one of the most vital causes in the world. It
supports the Armeniaa people's cause and their right to self-determingtion
and thetr return to their fatherland. ASALA has started a struggle for.the
- liberation of the Armenian lands and for the establishment of a united Armenia.
My friends, accept our warm greetings. We will remain your ~revolutionary
friends until Armenia lands in the Arab world are liberated. Death to the
imperialist, Zionist, and the reactionary f.ront. Down with Turkish occupation.
. Long live ASALA. Long live the united Armenian-Arab movement. The victory
is ours.
[Slgned] Workers League Central Committee
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
~ BAHRAIN POPULAR FRONT SUPPORTS ASALA
GF181440 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
7 May 82
jText] Of the telegram by the Central Committee of the Bahrain Popular Front
to ASALA. ]
[Text] Friends of tfie Armeni:an Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
_ [ASALA], revoluttonary greettngs to you. On the occasion of the 67th annivers-
ary of the Armenian genoc3:de by the fascist Turks, the Central Committee of
the Bahrain Popular Pront expresses its solidarity with your struggle and
the Armenian people's cause. It supports the Armenian fighters who are
doing their utmost to further the Armenian cause for the return of the'Ar-
menian people to their lands. Your cause is a cause of oppressed people who
have been subjected to nationalistic aims (?and is one) with the Palestinian
and Arab struggle.
The Zionists and imperialist~ are attempting to [word indistinct] the Pales-
tinian people's lands and convert Palestine into a U.S. imperialist base and
make it a constant and stauncfi jword indistinct] against the peoples of that
region, including the [word indisfiinctJ of the Armenian people. However, the
present heroic struggles that these peoples are waging against imperialism
for the determination of their national future, confirm that ~ustice certain-
ly succeeds when it is supported by a struggling people who remain righteous.
The past heroic struggles have proved that a~ust cause is supported by all
the socialist forces and goverrments of the world who are the defenders of
freedom and progress. Once again we express our solidarity with the Armenian
cause. We rightly believe that the Armenian people will come out victorious
(if) they continue the path of jword indistinctJ and struggle.
[Signed] Bahrain Popular Front Central Committee
CSO: 6133/2001
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_ ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
KURDISH REyOLUTIONARY COMNITTTEES SUPPORT ASALA
GF191404 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
- s r~y s2
- [Text] of the telegram from the Kurdish Revolutionary Committees to ASALA
on the oceasion of the anniversary of 24 April]
[Text ] Friends:o�the.! _Anmenian Secret Armj~ for the Liberation of Armenia jASALA] ,
greetings on your struggle. Tt is the 67th anniversary of 24 April 1915
when the Turkish fascists committed genocide against 1 and 1/2 million Ar-
. menians, and those who li~ved were deported from their fatherland. Friends
of the imited struggle and common fate, all of us are full of hope that the
- Armenian people will achteve their aims and determine their own future under
the leadership of the revolutionarq ASALA. Friends, our fate is one.
After annihilating the Armenian people, t'he Turkish fascists massacred
4i,000 Kurds. We foresee the further unification of our struggle. Similarly,
- on 24 April 1174, tfie Iraqi: Gover~ent carried out a Iword indistinct]
slaughter in ICurdistan fn which 4,000 Kurdish women, old people and children
were killed. We, tiie Kurdish Revolutionary Committees, call on you to let
24 April be the starting point for tfie solidarity of the Armenian and Kurdish
people throughout the world for the liberation of KurdiQtan and Armenia.
Long live the struggle of Armenians for their right to self-determination.
Long live world liberation movements. Long live international solidarity.
- jSigned] Kurdish Revolutionary Coa~mittees, Lebanon
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFk~AIRS
CLANDESTINE ON PRENCH SOCIALIST ~'ARTY ANNOUNCEMENT
GF221830 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
11 May 82
[Text] The Politburo of the French Unified Socialist Party jPSU] has issued
an announcement in which it fu11y supports the Armenian people. It is worth
mentioning that this is the first French political party to officially and
honestly adopt a stand in favor of the Armenian people. The announcement of
the PSU is as follows:
- Victims of the massacre organized by the fascist Turkish Government, the
Armenian people have been dispersed throughout the world for 60 years and
have been deprived of the:Cr most b asic national rights and their fatherland.
After 60 years of silence, the Armenian people have succeeded in reviving their
j ust national cause in.international jword indistinct] through their strug-
gling organizations.
The PSU supports the Armenian cause and will endeavor to find a permd.nent
and just solution for the struggle waged by the Armenian people against Turk-
ish fascism and imperialism. Regarding President Francois Mitterrand's state-
ments about human rights, the PSU demands that the French Government (?open- �
ly) and decisively recognize and condemn the 1915 massacre of the Armenians.
The PSU will strive to have the French Socialist Government assail the fascist
Turkish (?Government) in international courts and recognize the historic truth
about the Armenian genocide, so that the Armenian people achieve their national
rights and return to their fatherland, which is occupied by Turkish fascism.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CLANDESTINE RADTO ON ARMENIAN POPULAR MOVEMENTS
GF311510 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT 18 May
82 .
[Article published in (HAYASTAN HAY BAYKAR) magazine--no date given]
[Summary from poor reception] The first popular movement to sympathize with
the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia [ASALA] was established
in Iran. Similar movements were established later in five Canadian and U.S~
cities and cities in South America, England, France and India. Each week we
hear about the establishment of similar movements in a new countrq or city.
Many people are unable to understand the meaning of this new development.
We must take into consideration the fact that for the first.time in life in
Diaspora such political movements are tieing established in individual Armen-
ian communities. The second fact is the political awakening of the Armenians
in Diaspora. Never before fiave such popular demonstrations, meetings, poli-
tical activities, newspapers, pamphlets and posters been organized by the
w~.deZy scattered Armenian people. The Armenians in Diaspora, who have been
politically inactive to date, are beginni:~g a new life.
In one of his books in 1946, Levon (Tornigian), who had been a prominent
Tachnak leader in France for a long tiem, stated that out of 1 million Armen-
ians living abroad the number of party members did not exceed 20,000, that
is to say, they constituted 2 percent of the total. However, the picture was
- different in 1980, prior to the establishment of new political movements.
Out of 2.5 million Armenians, only 0.2 percent were party members.
This fact suffices for people of whatever political or party tendency to glad-
ly welcome the establishment of new movements--fact is that these movements
established in Diaspora are assembled around a struggling organization, ASALA.
This cannot be said for the parties that led the Armenians to political death
and neglected the struggle for a return to the homeland and for self-deter-
mination.
Furthermore, whatever the differences among the various Armenian communities,
the problems of an Armenian in Beirut or in Los Angeles remain the same. The
- common problem is land. The lack of a land is such a dominati~ig factor that
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the rest of the problems become secondary. ASALA activities are aimed at
achieving the restoration of Armenian land. 'I'he struggle for land is the
aim of the army and the people assembled around it.
The Armenians in Diaspora are waking up after a long sleep and are firmly
progressing taward a new phase--the organization of a new Armenian revolu-
tionary party to be the sole party in Diaspora. It will be the only party
that will imdertake full responsibility of the struggle for liberation. This
is the path laid dawn by the Armenian Army. This is the target of the
newly established Armenian political movements.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
CLANDESTINE CALLS FOR REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE .
GF311845 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT
19 May 82
[Unattributed coffinentary]
[Summary] The progress of the armed struggle coincides with the corrosion of
the conservatives in Diaspora. .The conservatives can keep on preaching their
futile revolution; it is their achievements that count in the end. Their
achievements display the tragic picture of Diaspora. The revolutionary liber-
ation struggle of the Armenian revolutionaries will assemble the Armeniatis
in one place.
Our struggle and our people have spread throughout the world. The genocide,
the deportation and the current immigration brought Armenians face to face
with a difficult situatian. The only way out of this state of affairs is
revolutianary struggle. Revolutionary struggle cannot be separated from
armed struggle.
Geographic basis, and in our situation our geographic basis is our usurped
lands and the Middle East. We are aware that our lands are devoid of ttieir
true inhabitants and that the struggle must be waged on our lands. However,
awareness alone is not enough; it must be converted into deeds. Awareness is .
meaningless if further futile years are added to the past 67 years.
In order to avoid this, revolutionary struggle for the liberation of our
usurped lands is a necessity. There are 'Armenians in the United States.
Therefore, we have to struggle in that country. The same applies to Canada.
Remaining indifferent to this fact deadlocks our struggle. Our aim is to
break the 6fi-year-long conservative deadlock.
Oui scattered state is an inconvenience. Our existence away from our lands
is a calamity. This is the truth which cannot be avoided.
We agree that the~Middle East must be the geographic basis of our struggle.
We agree that our aim is not to wage a struggle in the United States or
Europe. However, we are also aware that the ma~ority of our people are foLmd
in these regions. Therefore, starting from these regions, we will return to
the Middle East and then to our lands.
CSO: 6113/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
ASALA'S CLANDESTINE '~IOICE OF LEBANESE ARMENIANS' REPORT
On Madiro D~amgochian'a Letter
GF011650 (Clandestine) Voice of Lehanese Armeniane in Armenian 1330 GMT
22 r~y s2
['t'Text of letter from Martiros D~amgochian, arrested in Ger.eva on 9 July 1981
for assassinating a Turkish diplomat, sent on 24 April from a Swiss prison]
[Text] Dear friends, a year has passed and I am still in prison in Geneva.
I watched with great interest the 24 April programs on the Armenian genocide
on French and Swiss television. S~iss television twice relayed the "Present
Times" program during which a[word iudistinct] reporter was interrogating
my (?father) about me b.efore T came to Geneva. I was deeply moved. A se-
cond program on S~aiss television was aimed at acquainting Swiss citizens with
the Armenian cause. It was very interesting.
Some Swiss Armenians have no idea about the Armenian cause and are doing
nothing to understand it. It is disappointing that they have forgotten their
lost fatherland which we want to refind. If the Armenians wish to refind
their fatherland, return to it and live there, the most important thing for
them is to acquaint themselves with our history, the genocide and its con-
sequences.
We, the young Armenians who want a free Armenia for ourselves and our families,
are accused of being terrorists. This is totally wrong. The real terrorists ,
who have spread terror and fear and are still doing so are those responsible
for the genocide and its consequences. They handed Western Armenia to [words
indistinct] in order to establish their bases there. The best solution for
us, the Armenians, is alliance with Turkish and Kurdish revolutionaries and
joint struggle until our final victory.
I saw a new program on Swiss television today during which a discussion was
. held between a Swiss Armenian and Turk. It was very interesting. The Turkish
professor did not knaw that a genocide had been carried out against the Ar-
menians by the Turks. He had forgotten. He talked like the Turkish Govern-
ment.
I send my warmest regards to all my friends. I hope that our victory will
_ be verified as soon as possible and that I and my friends will be freed.
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. I am well physically az~d mentally. Do not worry about me. Everything is
going well. I am waiting the review of the verdict issued against me, but
I still do not know when it will take place.
_ [Signed] Mardinos Djamgochian, Geneva, 24 April 1982
On South American Armenians
- GF011544 (Cland~atine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 (~iT
zo r~y s2
jArticle from April issue of (HAYASTAN AZAD HAY), organ of Population Move-
ment of the Armenian Secret Army for tne Liberation of Armenia ~ in South
America]
[Summary] On 24 April 1981, 40,000 Armenians rallied in Tehran displaying
the armorial ensigns of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Ar-
menia jASALAJ and picture of'its combatants. On 24 September 1981 the Yeghia
Keshishian suididal commandos of ASALA seized the ~urkish Embassy in Paris.
_ Arn?enians throughout the world followed up the developments of the operation
with great anxiety. On 2w October 1981 a great popular demonstration by 10,000
Armenians was held in Paris. On 19 November 1J81 a large political meeting
dedicated to the four heroes of the van operatton was held in Paris by 2,000
Armenians.
ASALA, which is an organization established on a healthy and positive b asis,
and is sup~orted by the Armenian people, is strtking at the enemy. Further-
more, in South America, where the largest Armenian community exists, are
seven branches of the popular movement of ASALA. In order to achieve the
full participation of South American Armenians in the armed liberation strug-
gle, we, the members anc~ leaders of the popular movement of ASALA, must stop
- worrying about our personal proble.~os and allocate more time to popularize the
struggle. Let us carry out our serious responsibilities and tasks by united
endeavors. The Armenian people will certainly emerge victorious.
End to Disputes Urged
GF011250 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT 19 May
82
jUnattributed commentary]
[Summary from poor reception] Genocide and deportation cannot be accepted.
It is impossible to remain silent and not struggle. It is impossible to
approve of the imperialist and expansionist policy toward our lands. Those
lands must be liberated.
The Armenians in the Armenian SSR are struggling within the limits of their
possibilities; so are the Armenians~.in Diaspora. We must end our internal
disputes. The moment this is achieved we will be able to confirm the form
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and direction of our struggle. There are many who are aware of the Diaspora's
role in our revolutionary struggle but are attempting to put an end to it.
Some say there is no need for an armed struggle. Others, particularly the
conservatives, are criticizing the present armed struggle because it is strik-
ing at imperialist interests.
We are waging our struggle to retrieve our usurped lands and free the Armen-
ian people from all types of exploiting forces. We do not aim our guns at
anq Armenian, only at our enemies. We will cooperate with any Armenian who
wants to struggle for our usurped lands, even tf he is a conservative.
Whether the conservative leaders wish the establishment of cooperation among
Armenian youths or not, the Armenian revolutionaries will create this co-
operation.
CSO: 6133/2001
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ARMENIAN AFFAIRS
. BRIEgS
ARMENIAN PARTY CLUB ACTIyITY--The (Arakatz) Committee in Burj Hammud has de-
cided to work strenuously to construct an additional flo~r over its two-story
club building. In order to cover construction costs for the club's third
floor, the committee has begun to sell lottery tickets in the market for 125
Lebanese pounds each. This coffiai.ttee is working hard to sell the tickets
to the humble residents of the district. [Text] [GF190516 (Clandestine) Voice
of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 13~0 GMT 1 Apr 82]
KILLINGS IN BURT HANII~'IZJND--Further violence by "protectors" of Armenian origin:
This violence has b een committed against Armenians in Bur3 Hammud. At 2 145
yesterday the blood of Armenian youths flawed in their own houses in front of
their parents. In ~act, two criminals, Hovsep and Hratch, on the pretext of a
dispute over 150 Lebanese pounds, entered the Keshishian family's house near
Messrobian College and shot at Stmon and Hagop, two sons of the family. The
16-year-old Simon Keshishian is in serious condition while Hagop, 22, has been
taken to (Karassun Manoug~ hospital. After shooting the two Armenian youths,
the criminals kidnapped 20-yearrold Harout, the third son of the �amily, and
took him to their gambling center. Harout is currently imprisoned in the
party club. During the dispute one of the district's smart alecks, the
b rigand Garbis, was told that the dispute was a~ong the Armenians. This en-
couraged him to shoot at the Keshishians' house. After the said crime by pro-
tectors of Armenian origin, Armenians in Burj Hammud were angry and condemned
the deed. Do these criminal party members believe that struggle against the
Turks means destroying an Armenian family? Do they think that by keeping the
Armenians in B'ur~ Hammud frightened they are waging a struggle against the
Turks? [Text] [GF111336 (Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armen-
ian 1330 (~iT 2 7 Apr 82 ]
ANTI-TURKEY POSTER--IText of 24 April poster prepared by the National Move-
ment Sympathizing With the Armenian Secret Arnry for the Liberation of Armenia
in India]--0n 24~ April 1915 the Turkish Government (?cruelly) perpetrated the
massacre of the Armenians and their deportation from land on which they had
lived for more than 3,000 years. Turkey i:s once again Europe's "sick man" to-
day. It is maintaining its disreputable existence through huge military and
economic aid from international imperialist forces. With the aid of Europe
and imperialists, Turkey is continuing to keep Western Armenia occupied. The
solution of the Armenian problem does not depend on the imperialist countiies;
~3
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it depends on our own people`s struggle. History has proved that a nation,
- even if it is a small one, can be (?victorious) and can arise courageously.,
Down with the fascist Turkish Gover~ent aud international imperialism, led
by the United States; Long live the struggle o~ oppressed peoples agaiinst
imperialism! Long live the Armenian liberation struggle. jText] IGF180415
(Clandestine) Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT 6 May 82]
MURDER ATTEMPT ON ASALA D~ER--Last night at 1930, a murder attempt was made
against Mardiros, son of the (Zan~i) restaurant owner, and three other per-
sons. Unknown armed men shot at and wounded Mardiros, who is a member of the
Armenian Secret Army for the Liber~tion of Armenia [ASALA]; Dikran D~amgochian,
an uncle of Mardiros D~amgochian who is currently imprisoned in Switzerland;
(?Amin), who is Jawadallah's brother, and other person. The four wounded
people are currently at Mar Yusuf Hospital and their condition is improving.
[Text] [GF191334 (Clandestine) voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian
1330 GMT 8 M.ay 82 ]
TURKISH CENTER CLOSURES IN JORDAN--Last Friday, 23 April and Saturday,
24 April 1982, the Turkish Cultural Center of Jordan in Jabal 'Amman, the
Jordanian-Turkish Commerce Center in Wadi 'Abdun and the Turkish Embassy in
Jab al 'Amman were closed. Since the closure of the Turkish centers, strict
security measures have been taken and the Jordanian authorities have (?for-
b idden) any traffic in the areas of the Turkish centers. After inquiries were
made, it was discovered that the Turkish Embassy, and the Turkish cultural
and commercial centers were closed because the Turkish authorities feared
_ Armenian attacks. The guards at the Turkish Embassy and the remaining Turk-
ish centers, the Turke}t;~ secret agency, and the Jordanian security forces
have discovered posters of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of
_ Armenia [ASALA] posted on the doors of th e Turkish centers. However, Turkish
officials state that th~ Turkish Commercial Center was closed becaus.e of rats,
and the embassy and cultural center were closed for vacation. It is also
warth mentioning that 9 months ago, explosives were discovered within the
premises of the Turkish Embassy in Auunan. jText] jGF190630 (Clandestine)
Voice of Lebanese Armenians in Armenian 1330 GMT 8 May 82]
CSO: 6133/2001
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLV
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
ALLEGED YUGOSLAV AGENTS MURDER PLOTS SUBJECT OF TRIAL
Hamburg DIE ZETT in GeYman 7 May 82 pp 33-35
["Dossier" feature by Claus Bi~nfait: "Belgrade's Long Reach--Murder of Yugo-
slavs in the FRG: Are the Killers of Emigrants Acting on Behalf of the Govern-
ment?"]
[Text] It has been suspected for many years that the
Yugoslav secret service is directing assassinations of
enemies of the regime on German soil. This week a
trial is starting in Franlcfurt which may prove this to
be a fact.
As he saw the two strangers put their hands into their pockets, the owner of
the apartment could smell danger. He ran into the bedroom, threw himself on
the bed, tore his pistol from under the pillow, and while turning around, fired
through the door's frosted glass pane. Surprised by this determined defense,
the attackers fled; one of them had caught a bullet in the lung.
This is not an excerpt from a movie scenario; it was for real. The apartment
dweller whose fast reaction saved his life goes by the name of Fran3o Goreta
and he had killed someone himself once: in August 1966 he shot Yugoslav Vice
Consul Sava Milovanovic in Stuttgart's Hofbraeukeller because the latter had
a requested him to assassinate leading members of a Croat emigrant organization.
Serving 8 years in an FRG ~ail was not enough punish~ent; after his release
the former agent was put on the hit list of his former bosses. He has been a
fugitive from the government's revenge ever since.
Several hundred enemies of the Yugoslav regime like Goreta are presently living
in the FRG--most Croats, a few Serbians and a growing number of Albanians.
They are not linked by co~on ob~ectives, but only by their hate of the Bel-
grade gover~ent and their fear of the long arm of the Yugoslav secret service.
These people have been recognized as refugees from political persecution, have
asked for asylimm, which was granted, and some of them have even become German
citizens. But none of this constitutes a guarantee for their safety; dozens of
assassinations have thinned their ranks and have destroyed the illusion of
effective protection in their host country.
Anyone working against the .regime iM exile, distributing pamphlets, organizing
demonstrations and who incites his compatriots to resistance must count on the
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FoR oFFici,~i.. ~is~: oN~.v
wor:;t. Such w~1s the situation in Tito's t~mee and it huy not clian~;ed uudc~r 1~1N
successors.
Not even the methods have changed; they are as awkward as ever: observation,
asgassination attempt, flight, and then an outraged denial as soon as the accu-
sation is made that the responsibility lies with professional killers or paid
amateurs on official business. No apparent efforts are made to provide a false
alibi or a pretended motive to disguise the political background.
Emigrant activists have long since adopted James Bond-type safety precautions.
They frequently change domicile, automobile and habits; as a matter of princi- ~
ple, they distrust all strangers and, to be on the safe side, their f riends
also; they carry weapons and practice using them. Adversaries of the Yugoslav
regime are not suffering from paranoia--they are indeed being persecuted.
The question arises why Yugoslavia is pursuing its enemies in such a b loody
manner in foreign countries as well. What is involved is the very existence
of the nation. The multinational Balkan state is an artificial conglomeration,
not an ethnic unit. Yugoslavia is a product of the poker game of the great
powers after World War II. Ever since then, it has held together by virtue of
a fading socialist ideology which has its roots in national resistance: first
against Hitler, then against Stalin. The country cannot afford to pu t up with
component nationalism; the danger of disintegration is too great for that.
About 600,000 Yugoslavs are living in the FRG. The army of guest workers, which
has for many years been outside its gover~mment's control and which in addition
is familiar with the advantages of a market economy, has just about th e ideal
configuration of a revolutionary reserve army--a catch basin for dreamers,
reformers and revolutionary activists.
Nevertheless, the emigrants are not always hungering after lilywhite democratic
- dreams. Nor are their methods--violence, sabotage, terrorism. An independent
Croatia, still mourned by one part of the antiregime group, egisted only by
the grace of Hitler. Its president, Ante Pavelic, whose fascist "Ustasha"
(Croatian for "Uprising") murdered Yugoslavia's King Alexander l during his
vacation in Marseilles, was condemned to death after the victory by the com-
munist partisans. He fled to Italy in the garb of a priest and later on to
Argentina.
Pavelic never gave up on his murderous struggle against his rival Tito. It
was his followers who during the 1950's initiated an underground war against
Yugoslav embassies and consulates and with bullets against diplomats; the war
is still continuing.
When this terrorism finally entered Yugoslavia itself, espec3.ally af ter the
massive explosion at Belgrade's central railroad station in the early 1960's,
the regime counterattacked. Agents of the secret service Sluzbe Drxavne
Bezbednosti (SDB), better known under its former name of Unutrashya Bezbednosta
(Ubda), sought out undesirable compatriots, their contacts and their everyday
activities. Constantly using the same methods, they attempted to recruit in-
formers from emigrant circles. When promises of money and protection were not
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sufficient, threats of revocation of passports and interference with their
jobs brought wavering individuals to heel.
The struggle escalated. In the FRG and a few neighboring countries, violence
against Yugoslavs dozainated statistics of criminality by foreigners. To be-
gin with, it appeared that th~ secret service agents were exclusively aven~ing
attacks by Croatian e$tremists. But soon their actions assumed dynamics of
their own: Belgrade's minions no longer needed any ~ustification; they sys-
tematically checked off a hit list which continu~d to grow.
Prominent emigrants were found shot to death, beaten to death or strangled.
Clues to the perpetrators were found also, but, as one Munich member of the
criminal police complai.ned on one of those occasions: "What good is that to
. us, when those~guys can take the next flight to Yugoslavia and get a hero's
welcome there?"
In those delicate cases, the Yugoslav authorities ignore requests for investi-
gation by Interpol. And even if the whereabouts of a suspect could be de�ter-
mined by German sources, requests for extradition or even arraignment have
always remained without result.
The main problem for the German police remains the easily accessible refuge for
the perpetrators of such crimes and explains the miserably low ratio of their
solutions for these crimes of violence. "A goverrnmentally sponsored murderer,"
says an official of the FRG Ministry of the Tnterior, "only needs to bridge the
time gap between the crime and the mament in which the state affords him its
protection."
An assassin has the element of surprise on h3s side; he can plan the location
and the time of the crime and, if he is particularly clever, he can sometimes
even delay its discovery. The perfect assassination is cammitted near the
airport shortly before a flight to Yugoslavia departs, or at the railroad sta-
tion of a border town just prior to the departure of a train. The body of a
victim is hidden or disfigured so as to make identification more difficult.
If the victim had not even been acquainted with the murderer, this deprives
the criminal police additionally of the most important point of departure for
its investigation.
The killer almost always has the advantage of a decisive lead time. And with-
out his interrogation no light can be shed on the people behind the scenes.
It is reasonable to assume that this is of particular 3mportance to the pre-
sumptive employers of the killers so as to protect Yugoslavia's international
reputation.
This procedure appeared to be working for many years. While the Balkan repub-
lic's secret service always appeared implicated.automatically, its involvement
could never be legally proven by witnesses' statements or evidence. E~en in
those cases where Yugoslav newspapers reported the violent death of an enemy
of the regime, there would always be talk about Che criminal milieu in which
the crime had been co~mmitted or, ig political motives were all too evident,
about rivalry antong the emigrants. Tn any case, it was stated, official
Yugoslavia was uninvolved and a11 statements to the contrary were mere defama-
tion.
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None of this has ever been credible. But now evidence to the contraty has
come to light: something went wrong in two recent cases. Twice the victims
were lucky and the criminals unlucky and the evidence was unequivocal.
Fateful mishaps, from the Belgrade viewpoint, occurred for the first time in
the Goreta case, 2 weeks before Christmas 1980 in Saarbruecken. Not only was
the husky butcher able to defend himself against the attack and to appear in
court as an ad~unct complainant. Since the near-fatal in~ury of one of the
attackers had to be treated in a hospital, it was possible to arrest the
other two unsuccessful assassins as w~ll, in addition to their backup, a man
named Dragan Barac. During the trial he admitted having commuted with false
papers and a prepaid airline ticket between Yugoslavia and the FRG in the
service of the SDB. ~en more zmbarrassing, that he had received instructions
for liquidating Goreta from a deputy minister for interior matters of the
Croatian component republic. He had passed the murder contract on to two
Germans whom he had met in karate training. The hit fee of 1 million dinar
(at that time the equivalent of about DM 100,000) was to be split three ways).
After a trial lasting 10 days last year in the Saarbruecken cr3minal court,
Barac and his accomplices were sentenced to ~ail terms of 8 to 14 years. There
was nothing sensational about the length of the sentences. Attention was
caused several months later by the written ~ustification for the sentence, in
which presiding 3udge Franz Priester vented his anger. The statement, barely
couched in legal terms, went as follows: "After all, the sentences given were
necessary also from the standpoint of general deterrence so as to make it per-
fectly clear that it is unacceptable on our national territory for foreign
murder contracts to be executed and for internal problems of another country
to be resolved here through murder."
However, relations between Bonn and Belgrade remained unimpaired. At the very
moment where the trial in Saarbruecken's criminal court reinforced suspicion
of official sanction of assassinations, FRG Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich
Genscher and his Yugoslav opposite number Josip Vrhovec were meeting infor-
mally on Starnberg Lake. The German minister told the Yugoslav that between
the two states "not a single bilateral issue was dramatically unresolved."
Anyone willing to consider the attempted murder of Goreta as a unique case
found out different by way of the Zenelay case. At the time the ministers met
last July, the secret service background of the attempt upon the exiled Alban-
ian had been long known to the police and the law. The fact that two members
of the Yugoslav consulate general in Frankfurt were involved in it had been
made known to the district attorney's office by the criminal police; that
information had been passed on to the Ministry of Justice. But nothing
happened at the political level; no protest was made to Belgrade.
Specifically, the attempted murder of Rasim Zenelay, which this week is the
subject of a trial in courtroom 20 of the Frankfurt Land criminal court,
would have been an excellent sub~ect f or issuing a warning in principle. The
reason being that in this particular stage play the roles played by each actor
are more evident than ever before.
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Because of a series of coincidences there is a good chance that for once causes
and connections will be completely cleared up. Miraculously, the victim sur-
vived the murder attempt and while he will be forever hemiplegic, his mental
functioning is unimpaired. The presinned criminal was caught while trying to
flee back to~her country. She and one of her controls confessed during pretrial
detention. An independent witness reinforced the statements about the murder
contract. And early publicity about the ~ase preqented district attorneys and
defense counsels from forming an�alliance f or the purpose of downplaying the
case for political reasons.
The attempt on Zenelay's life deserves a detailed description because it points
up the methods of secret service terrorism, its unscrupulous brutality as well
as its poor organization. All details are taken f rom interrogation records and
court records, or else they have been confirmed by at least two sources.
Zenelay grew up in a small village on the Yugoslav-Albanian border. In 1970 he
came to Germany and was given political asylum. He joined the "League of
- Albanian Faith," which works for the incorporation of the Kosovo area into a
democratic Albania, and soon became a leading figure in it. In contrast to the
coarse Goreta, he has always pursued his political objectives in a nonviolent
way and has no prior convictions.
When riots broke out in Kosovo in early 1981--the first such event after Tito's
demise--Zenelay received some anonymous threatening phone calls. And while the
Belgrade gover~ent accused "separatist elements in imperialist foreign coun-
tries" of fomenting antiregime demonstrations from afar, the Frankfurt police
learned from an informant inside the consulate that an assassination attempt
was being planned against the exiled Albanian.
The criminal police took this seriously. Zenelay was fitted out with a bullet-
proof vest and several officers took him for a walk in front of the consulate
general in the Thueringerstrasse to make it clear that he was being given
protection. Two men followed the group through the nearby zoo and were in
turn shadowed by other policemen in civilian clothes.
But the comedy missed its mark. Zenelay's hunters knew too much about him
not to have found out about his weakness for beautiful women. And thus he
voluncarily removed his bulletproof vest on 14 May when he took darkhaired
Zorica Aleksic to his apartment. The woman went to the bathroom, removed the
safety from a 7.65 caliber "Ceska" pistol and started shooting i~ediately
upon reentering the room. Zenelay, hit by five bullets, collapsed in front
of the washbasin. That was the statement of the accused to the police; she
has since kept her silence.
The fact that the alleged attacker had in her excitement forgotten to close
the apartment door became her downfall. Zenelay was found barely alive by a
neighbor and before lapsing into a coma was able to say two words to the
attending physician, which sounded like "Zorica" and "Weststadt." The fact
that these meager clues led to a hot trail are a credit to a clever criminal
inspector who knew Zenelay and some of his friends from the comedy in front
of the consulate. He investigated, drew some conclusions and reacted quickly:
Flight JU 351 to Belgrade had already been called when the would-be assassin
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ruK urr~~~nt, u>r, un+?.v
was arrested at the passport control desk at Rhine-Main airport. In her pocket-
book there were DM 2,100 which she had received from her bosses after the
attack, presumably as a downpayment for the kill fee.
In her first shock, the then 24-yea-r old Aleksic did a lot of talking. She
admitted that she~,~as to have killed the enemy of the regime Zenelay under
orders and that she Ys:~d ~greed to do so after being intimidated by threats.
A quote from the next day's police transcript: "It did not matter to me where
I would go tojail. If I killed him, it would be here; if not, then in Yugosla-
via."
Zorica Aleksic's statements implicated two men who ar~ now accused along with
her: Iso Dautovski, who has to date remained stubbornly silent, and Miroslav
Illic who in the hope of receiving a reduced sentence decided to cooperate and
who is now expected to serve as a star witness for the prosecution. Both of
them were working for Rade Surla, owner of a small construction firm in Frank-
furt and, according to information received, the security service agent in
residence. He took a hasty departure to France on the evening of the assassi-
nation attempt, was later sought on an international arrest warrant and can now
once again be contacted by his wife at a Yugoslav address.
The politically most explosive part of the story results from the involvement
of two officials of the consulate. Svetozar Mirjacic, who is officially in
charge of dealing with customs matters, and the alleged janitor Salih Salihi
came under suspicion as being the controls and true initiators of the assassi-
, nation attempt. They were incriminated not only by the accused Illic but also
by several pieces of evidence.
Additionally, a young guest worker is slated to appear as a witness, to repeat
what he has already stated last December before the TV cameras: that two men
from the consulate general had wanted to hire him to comznit Zenelay's murder,
offering him lots of cash, a fast car and a lovely apartment. "Only when the
- police later showed me some pictures did i find out that one of the men was
Mirjacic and the other Salihi."
In accordance with normal procedure, the police recommended "criminal trial
procedures" against the off icials of the consulate in its final report to the
- public prosecutor: "observation, arrest warrant, search." When he neverthe-
less failed to proceed against them, Public Prosecutor Rainer Schilling faced
criticism which he tried t o fend off with the weak statementthat "no suff i-
' cient evidence" was in existence. He denied that there was any truth to the
assumption that he had restrained himself by direction f rom above. However,
he admitted, "this is hot stuf�, no doubt about it."
- Before the public prosecutor could change his mind, consulate officials Mirja-
cic and Salihi managed to evade German justice; one shortly after the attempt
on Zenelay, the other however not until a few months later. Their superior,
the consul general, declined prior to his "routine" transfer last December to
- take any position in the Zenelay case and merely declared that he had nothing
to do with "terrorist activities of fascist organizations." The Yugoslav gov-
ernment lodged an official complaint with the Foreign Ministry about the re-
quest by the Second German Television Program (ZDF) for an interviPw.
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Zorica Aleksic is no longer talkative either. During the 8 days of the first
two trials which were declared mistrials due to procedural reasons in January
and March, she would mttalk. Her attorneys unsuccessfully attempted with all
legal tricks at their co~and to prevent the reading of her initial confession.
The accused makes no secret of her fear for her own life, probably for good
- reason. The s~ame informant who earlier had sounded the alert for the attempt
on Zenelay's life, recently warned the autharities about a circus-type plan by
the Yugoslav secret service to shut up Mrs Aleksic in the courtroom forever:
by way of a knifethrower among the audience.
- The ~udge thereupon ordered a further tightening of security measures which had
been quite stringent even before: personal protection for the accused and
adjunct complainant Zenelay, who must every time be brought from home in a
wheelchair. The trial is taking place in the so-called state security court-
room, where the audience is seated behind bulletproof glass after having under-
gone body searches.
Should the testimony result in symbolically placing the Yugoslav goverrnnent
among the accused, this will become a subject of conversation during the perio-
dic German-Yugoslav consultations which take place between Belgrade's Director-
ate General for Public Safety and the FRG Criminal Police Bureau [Bundeskrimi-
nalamt, BIU`.] in Wiesbaden. One of the German participants describes the pro-
ceedings: "We certainly confront them with the murder incidents, but not even
a judgment like that in the Goreta trial can mo~re them to assume responsibil-
- ity. We are fully aware of the fact that the managers of the event are facing
us, and they know that we know. But all it amounts to is a cardgame with
hidden cards."
Every reproach is being met with a counterreproach, no matter how farfetched:
legalistic manipulation or the initiation of defamatory press campaigns. An
additional difficulty is the fact that the most important concepts are subject
to different interpretations. In a totalitarian state even the writing of
pamphlets or organizing a demonstration constitute active terrorism; in a
Western democracy thEy are co~only accepted civil rights. The Yugoslav police
officials frequently demand acknowledgement from their German colleagues for
infractions which are not even covered by a paragraph in the FRG's criminal
code.
Thus there is a vague borderline between Yugoslavia's justifiable interest in
thwarting punishable offenses on its own soil and its continuing intention of
preparing actions against critics of the regime on the basis of information
obtained in Germany. BKA Director Dieter Walther finds himself on the horns
of a dilemma. "It certainly is our duty," he emphasizes, "to inform the other
side when we have knowledge of planned attacks in Yugoslavia," especially in
those cases when not all weapons or explosives have been seized. On the
other hand, he shies away from providing names: "We don't want to contribute
to finding another body lying in the street."
The working climate in the joint commissio n leaves a lot to be desired anyway,
since arguments broke out in the su~ner of 1978 concerning the sub,ject of ex-
tradition. Yugoslavia had set f ree four members of the Red Army Faction (RAF)
after German courts had prohibited the requested exchange for eight exiled
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Croats. Bonn considered the package deal as blackmail; Belgrade was outraged
over two different standards being applied to 3udging terrorist activities.
Until today the Yugoslav authorities have even refused to furnish any informa-
tion as to the destination and the nature of identity papers used by Brigitte
Mohnhaupt and her three male companions when they left Yugoslavi a at that time.
On the other hand, extradition is no longer necessary for one of the eight
enemies of the regime: Nikola Mi13.cevic died in Frankfurt in a hail of
bullets.
When German-born Ilse Bilandzic arrived in Zagreb early this year, she was
arrested and accused of spying. She is the upright sister-in-law of Croat
leader St~epan Bilandzic, Yugoslavia's public enemy number 1, whose extradi-
tion the FRG goverrnnent had refused for formal reasons. It is not too far-
fetched to suspect a connection with the recently initiated Zenelay trial,
because an interesting precedent exists for "rescuing" an SDB agent prior to
his sentencing in the FRG. Even before arraignment, Michailo Ilya Svilar,
who had been involved in 1977 in the planning of a prior attenpt at killing
Franjo Goreta, was deported after 6 months in detention pending trial. The
Yugoslavs had used Eberhard de Haan, an expert adviser for foreigners' welfare
in the Federal Association for Workers' Welfare, as a bargaining chip. He was
arrested during a meeting in Belgrade and was not sent home until blaclamail
had succeeded for release of the secret service agent.
Ilse Bilandzic was probably spared from a simi:iar fate only because her case
was reported early on; a few weeks ago she was released unconditionally.
Frankfurt attorney Helmut Rosebrock, who specializes in representing Yugoslav
emigrants and who knows his way around in the polttical underground, recom-
- mends public exposure as being the best means of counteracting secret service
activities. "No state will acknowledge its killers. A detailed newspaper
story or a TV broadcast therefore provides as much protection as do 100
policemen," he says. "And the chancellor could calm things down with a sin-
~ gle sharp word--it would save human lives."
The fact that t.he politicians are nevertheless lying low cannot be explained
simply with Yugoslavia's delicate location at the edge of the East bloc.
- Greater impact may derive from the fear that German citizens or property
could be harmed if German authorities were to proceed strictly by the letter
of the law.
This constitutes the only sensible explanation for a confidential agreement
between FRG Minister of the Interior Gerhard Batun and Yugoslav Minister of the
Interior Franjo Herljevic, according to which the Yugoslav secret service
drastically reduces its activities in the FRG in return for the German author-
ities' curbing the liberty of the exile groups. An indication of the fact
that the Germans have complied with their promises is the prohibition of
several organizations and the restrictions imposed upon the leading"activists,
starting with Croat leader Bilandzic who is not permitted to leave his apart-
ment in Cologne without making a report, let alone engage in any political
activity.
Even trifles are being investigated, among them a pamphlet which accuses the
' German police of giving aid to SDB agents. It was written by former student
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leader Damir Petric, whose name was one of the eight on Belgrade's wish list.
What is more remarkable than the fact that a higher court sentenced him to a
fine of DM 400 for defamation, is what happened beforehand. The Bochum pub-
lic prosecutor's office did not intend to prosecute but wanted to dismiss the
case as being insignificant. The reason: the passages in question "were with-
_ in th~ limits of constitutionally guaranteed freedom of expression."
But then-BKA President Horst Herald would have none of this decision. Under
his office's letterhead he made it known that "the intended dismissal is firmly
disapproved," and added a clear legal criticism: "It is unacceptable for the
police or individual officials to be accused of terrorist measures and that a
public prosecutor considers this as being nothing more than a critical dis-
agreement." This intervention appeared to show results: Petric went on trial.
The Yugoslav emigrants do not get much sympathy from the Germans. They cannot
always choose their friends. Their need for practical solidarity might consti-
tute a slight base for cooperation with leftwingers on the FRG. The police and
the Office for the Protection of the Constitution have recently learned that
antiregime pamphlets written by exiles have lately been printed on the presses
of the German Communist Party (KPD) which, since its breach with the People's
Republic of China, has developed ideological ties with Albania. The three vic-
tims of the murder incident at Untergrappenbach had been interviewed by members
of the KPD newspaper's editorial staff shortly before their deaths in the mid-
dle of January.
Orders From Belgrade: "Cleanup of the Terrain"
A more than 10-year old secret paper reinforces the suspicion that Yugoslav
agents are instructed by the state to proceed against enemies of the regime in
foreign countries, and that in doing so they can count on support from embassy
and consular officials. In addition, it hinted at the fact that the Yugoslav
government was speculating on receiving FRG cooperation in curbing exile
- organizations. The letter originated in the Foreign Ministry in Belgrade, was
addressed to the Yugoslav military mission in West Berlin, was dated
28 August 1970 and was classified "strictly confidential." It was signed by
then department head R. Nedel~kovic.
Excerpts from the translated text:
"With reference to Instruction No 3827 of 7 May 1970, the following instruc-
tions are given at the request of the state secretary and in connection with
the recommendation of the cabinet of the president of the republic and the
Federal Executive Council:
Embassies and other auxiliary offices of the Socialist People's Republic of
Yugoslavia are advised to take supplementa~y measures designed to enhance con-
trol over Yugoslav citizens and hostile emigrant organizations. This refers
particularly to the so-called Croat National Coimnittee with offices in Munich
and West Berlin....As a result of cooperation with a foreign power, this or-
ganization has lately been successful...in making a certain amount of headway
(in foreign countries, Ed.). The above named organization has also contacted
some groups of the class enemy in this country.
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It is therefore the duty of Yugoslav representative offices to investigate ten-
denc~es for political reorientation among emigrants and to attempt to encourage
those elements which resist giving support to Stalinist forces in the USSR.
For its own part, the state security service will initiate certain technical
measures and will publicize the requisite disinformation along with them.
To implement the above mentioned measures, close cooperation with appropriate
authorities in the host country, with the various organizations and informants
is recommended....A particularly good working climate has been created in the
FRG, with whose authorities we have agreed on the closest collaboration for the
purpose of liquidating emigrant organizations. The goverr?ment in Bonn, and
particularly representatives of the Social Democratic Party, have promised to
undertake additional concrete measures ta make the functioning of the so-called
Croat National Committee impossible.
Labor union representatives have for their part promised to conduct a"cleanup
of the terrain" in West Berlin....
In connection with the above subject matter, the representative offices are ad-
vised not to permit input from organs of individual republics. Such attempts
have been made by some organs of the Socialist Republic of Croatia in dealing
with the military mission in West Berlin and the consulate in Stuttgart...."
The Underground War: 40 Dead Since 1967
In reply to an inquiry by the opposition, the FRG Goverrnnent zecently stated
that during the past 12 years a total of 14 Yugoslav emigrants had died a vio-
lent death in Germany. A BKA spokesman gave a ballpark figure of 40 for the
number of victims of obviously politically motivated killings since the start
~ of the bloody battles between the Yugoslav secret service and self-declared
enemies of the regime during the mid-1960's. Added to this number are about
one dozen people who incurred severe injuries in surviving murder attempts.
13 September 1968: Croat restaurant owner Mirijan Simundic was killed in his
car by eight bullets at the periphery of Stuttgart. He was an important wit-
ness for the defense in the first Goreta trial.
30 September 1968: The body of Hrvoje Ursa was pulled from the Fulda River in
Hutzdarf, Hesse. Three days earlier, the Croat had been abducted in handcuffs
from his Frankf urt apartment.
26 October 1968: During an attack on the office of the underground organiza-
tion "Federation of United Croats" (UHNJ), in Munich, Mile Rukavina, Kresimir
Toj and Vid Maricic were killed with handguns.
9 April 1969: Croat restaurant owner Mirko Curic was blown up by a bomb
hidden in a plastic envelope in front of his establislunent.
17 April 1969: Radko Obradovic, editor of the emigrant newspaper ISKRA: was
_ killed on a Munich street.
28 June 1969: Nahid Kulenovic, editor of another Croat newspaper, was found
beaten t~ death in tlie bathtub of his Munich apartment.
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7 January 1971: The Croat Mixko Simic died in West Berlin under mysterious
circ~mms tances .
9 March 1972: Jos~p Senic, leader of the "Croat Revolutionary Brotherhood,"
was killed in his sleep by two pistol shots in a hotel room in Wiesbach near
Heidelberg.
14 September 1973: The Croat Josip Buljan-Miholic was shot to death in Korn-
westheim.
8 July 1974: Serbian editor Jakov Ljotic, successor of Obradovic, who had
himself been murdered 5 years earlier, was strangled with his own necktie in
his apartment in Munich.
5 March 1975: The body of Mato Jozak, a Croat having Australian citizenship,
was washed ashore on the bank of the Rhine near Cologne-Worringen. His death
had occurred 3 months earlier in Neuss.
6 June 1975: Ili~a Vucic, who had participated in the 1962 occupation of the
Yugoslav mission in Bonn-Mehlem, was shot three times as he was leaving his
apartment in Stuttgart. He died of his in~uries 5 days later.
19 April 1979: The body of Croat Jozo Milos, shot twice, was found in a wooded
area of the Kerpen-Sindorf precinct near the Cologne-Aachen autobahn.
15 Septeraber 1979: The Seribian Salih Mesinovic was shot dead during an alter-
cation in a Frankfurt res taurant.
13 January 1980: Nikola Milicevic, one of the leaders of the "Federation of
United Croatians," was killed in his car by three shots on the bank of the
Main in Frankfurt.
16 April 1980: Duean Sedlar, chairman of the "Serbian National Federation,"
was shot dead on a busy street in Duesse.ldorf . ~
9 October 1981: Antun Kostic, formerly active in the "National Croatian Com-
mittee," died in Munich as a reault of being shot.
17 January 1982: Kosovo Albanians Bardhosh and Jusuf Gervalla and Kadri Zeka
were fired at in their car with machine piatols as they were leaving a garage
in Untergruppenbach near Heilbronn. One of them survived a short time and was
~ able to identify Yugoslav agents as Che killers.
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Angeklagt: Abgereist: Konsutatsbeamter
Iso Dautovaki Svetozar Miryacic
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Salih Salihi Resident Rade Surla
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[Photo Captions]
Top left--Accused: Miroslav Tlic
Top right--Confession under detention, then silence: Zorica Aleksic
Center left--Accused: Iso Dautovski
Center right--Departed: Consular official Svetozar Mirjacic
- Bc~ttom left--Under suspicion: Consular member Salih Salihi
Bottom right--Sought: Presumed Secret Service resident Rade Surla
9273
CSO: 6100/0003
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SPAIN
COIrIl~iiJNIQUES OF ETA TO BASQUE PEOPLE
ZUZEN in Spanish 1981 pp 1-10
[Text~ ETA [Basque Fatherland and Liberty] Communique to the Basque
People
ETA, the Basque Revolutionary Socialist Organization of National Liberation,
is claiming responsibility for the bomb attack on 7 May in Madrid
on the armored vehicle of Lt Gen Joaquin Valenzuela, commander of
the King's Military Squad, and his escort, an attack that left the
comamnder gravely wounded and a lieutenant colonel, a noncommissioned
officer and the escort driver dead.
On 19 April and 1 May the Basque working people have once again commemorated
two historic daCes that symbolize the long and trying road of our
oppressed and exploited people towards their total national and social
liberation. But on this occasion, as on so many others under the
Franco dictatorship, we have once again aeen in the southern Basque
Country the element that is common to both periods of our struggle
of grassroots resistance: repression.
A brutal and savage repression on the day of Aberri Eguna, with Guernica
under siege and occupied militarily by the police, which prevented
any sort of peaceful demonstration, clearly reminiscent of that
_ 26 April 1937 when the Nazis and Francoists bombed the town and reduced
it to ashes.
- An arbitrary and indiscriminate repression of the worker demonstrations
staged on 1 May in the four historic Basque regions, with dozens wounded
and detained.
These were, in a word, two days of united struggle marked by the common
denominator of repression and symbolizing the two aspects (national
_ and class) of the historic confrontation between the Basque working
people and the oligarchic Spanish State.
But the police massacres on Aberri Aguna and 1 May are mere reflections
of an everyday reality suffered by the most combative and consistent
segments of our people. The fact is that hundreds have been detained,
more and more peo~le have been jailed, tortured at police stations
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and coerced and threatened both physically and psychologically. The
fact is that although this repression has been a constant, anguishing
and humiliating fact throughout the past few years, it has grown more
intense and expanded in the wake of the farcical military coup on
23 February. We are now seeing the upshot that we warned about when
we analyzed the controlled maneuver of the "takeover of the Congress
of deputies" in Madrid. The Spanish Armed Forces, whose generals
- are the only ones in Europe who have not yet lost a war, decided to
directly take the reins of government for the basic purpose of eliminating
- through repressive and constitutional means the ETA and the National
Liberation Movement waging our armed struggle. We can thus understand
the subsequent police measures ordered by the Council of Ministers
and now in force, the transfer of additional Civil Guard and Armed
Police troops to the southern Basque Country and stationing special
and regular Army and Navy units on Basque territory.
But ETA has not let itself be tricked by the farce on 23 February,
_ nor is it prepared to give ground in light of its consequences, no
_ matter how disagreeable they might be. Our duty is to the Basque
working people, to serve their interests and to attain the political
objective of the democratic break and self-government. This is why
ETA has struck a blow in Madrid against one of the highest raking
military officers attached to the crown, in a move that reaffirms
our determination to keep struggling and to do whatever we can to
support the Basque people in their aspirations of democracy, sovereignty
and freedom and to force the Spanish regime to put reason ahead of
force and to accept the "ceasefire" that we offered in the KAS (Patriotic
Socialist Coordination] tactical alternative.
Gora Euskadi Askatuta!
Gora Euskadi Soziolista!
Basque Country, 9 May 1981
_ ETA Communique to the Basque People
ETA, the Basque Revolutionary Socialist Organization of National Liberation,
claims responsibility for the bomb attack on 14 May in Lemona on a
Civil Guard military convoy in which one of its vehicles was destroyed,
two of its occupants slain and a third seriously wounded.
The ferocious and arbitrary upsurge in repression by the Spanish Government
against the Basque Liberation Movement is eloquent proof of the clearly
centralist and fascist nature of the monarchical regime's current
policy. This is obviously an all-out offensive ordered by the military
brass rhat has had political control over the Spanish State for the
last 45 years and that has taken advantage of the military farce on
23 February to order emergency measures of intimidation and repression
against the Basque working people and their legitimate aspirations
for democracy and freedom.
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The people's response to this intensified escalation of aggression
must take two forms: resistance and organization.
Resistance, to continue showing the Spanish State that the Basque
people are proceeding with their struggle for their rights and freedoms
and that neither reformism nor repression will succeed in swaying us
one bit in our search for what is rightly ours.
Organization, to coherently and effectively lay the groundwork for
action to resist the attempts at reformist integration and reaccionary
annihilation unleashed against the Basque National Liberation Movement,
thus making possible the continuation of the civil and armed resistance
that will result in the definitive democratic break set forth in the
KAS tactical alternative.
In this connection, ETA reaffirms its pledge to stand firm and alert
in the grassroots battle, supporting the people's grievances and
sharpening as much as possible the contradictions within the enemy
camp until they realize that our people will not surrender and until
they accept the honorable alternative of the armistice that we have
publicly~offered them.
Gora Euskadi Askatuta!
Gora Euskadi Sozialista!
Basque Country, 16 May 1981
ETA
ETA Communique to the Basque People
ETA, the Basque Revolutionary Socialist Organization of National Liberation,
claims responsibility for blowing up a transformer and a water hoist
in an estate owned by the heirs of the Duchess of Albuquerque on 16 May
in Cadreita.
The intransigent stand by the heirs of the Duchess of Albuquerque
(the Osotio, Diez de Rivera family), with overtones of feudal rule
at this point in the 20th century, once again highlights the bossist,
antipeople and fascist approach that it has taken throughout the
"land sale" dispute.
Stands like this are all too well-known throughout the Ribera zone,
where "bigwigs" and "families of great renown" amassed their dominions
and fortunes under Franco and are now hiding their centralist-Spanish
faces by calling themselves "Navarrists" in a bid to continue lining
their pockets.
Everyone knows that the conditions proposed by most of the sharecroppers
and tenants, backed by the people's assembly of Cadreita, are just
and reasonable:
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run urrt~tEU., uan ~riLr.
--Collective bargaining for the purchase of lands.
--Compensation per "robada" [8.98 ares], in consideration of both the
continuous outlays that they have had to make to improve access roads
to the fields, irrigation systems, etc, and the natural right they
acquire by working the land.
Tnese proposals would spoil the fat profits that these heirs expect
to make if they can hammer out a separate sales agreement with each
farmer and thus impose the high price that they want through blackmail
and intimidation after dividing the people.
We should emphasize the ambiguity and indecisiveness that the Foral
Parliament has so proudly displayed, a parliament that had been chosen
to mediate these disputes at the behest of the Delegation, that was
accepted by most of the Cadreita locals and that has now given in
after the dukedom's refusal. The saying "big dogs never bite each
other" would aptly describe the thumb-twiddling that the Right has
and is stubbornly engaged in in these institutions, with the servile
backing of the PSOE [Spanish Socialist Workers Partyj.
It is under these conditions of total and absolute disdain of the
Cadreita workers' interests by the ducal family, that ETA stepped in
with the revolutionary armed struggle to support the people's just
aspirations. It seems that the other warnings to all those who are
indirectly (UCD (Democratic Center Union], UPN, "moles," etc) or directly
helping to keep the people of Cadreita under the heel of the �eudal
lord, have not been taken seriously. We are therefore asserting that
to the extent thaC we can we will continue to attack both the economic
and the personal interests of the ducalfamily,and we might even undertake
action that could cause irreparable damage to their physical integrity,
in support of the demands f~r the just ownership and control of the
land that the people are working, in keeping with the aspirations
of development and social improvements that we all want as the Basque
working people.
Gora Euskadi Askatuta!
Gora Euskadi Sozialista!
Basque Country, 16 May 1981
- ETA
ETA Communique to the Basque People
ETA, the Basque Revolutionary Socialist Organization of National Liberation,
claims responsibility for the the bomb attack on 5 June in Donostia
on a six-vehicle convoy of the Armed Police, during which one of the
vehicles was destroyed, one corporal killed and four agents wounded
to various degrees. The convoy belonged to the General Reserve Companies
based on Coruna and which have been transferred to the southern Basque
Country for the particular purpose of taking part in operations of
punishment and reprisal against the grassruots mobilization struggle.
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At the time of our attack, the convoy was returning to its barracks
in Loiola after having brutally put down a grassroats demonstration
in Donostia calling for the release of Tomas Linaza and against the
extradition of political refugees in the northern Basque Country.
The repression in the southern Basque Country has become extremely
severe in the wake of the 23 February coup attempt. Everyone is
being repressed and for every reason, everyone who represents and
defends a political option to attain the people's true aspirations
of democracy and freedom. The antinuclear movement in its struggle
- against Lemoniz is being repressed. The citizen movement with its
basic urban and grassroots grievances is being repressed. The women
advocating amnesty in their consistent eagerness to serve the cause
of the imprisoned and exiled are being repressed. The feminist movement
ir. its struggle against the three-pronged oppression thai women suffer
is being repressed. The Herri Batasuna coalition in its alternative
of democratic break and Basque self-government is being repressed.
- In a word, every kind of working class and grassroots mobilization
backing the struggle of the Basque working people to see their most
immediate demands met is being repressed.
- The Spanish occupation forces have received orders from Madrid to
divide the southern Basque Country into squares and in each square
to draw up organizational charts showing the individuals and groups
that belong to the civil and armed resistance movement. This is the
reason for the countless detentions and the chilling use of torture
to obtain information.
Concurrently, they must repress in our streets any sign of the breadth
and strength of the political option advocated by ~he consistent patriotic
Left. This is the reason for the intolerance and brutality with which
they proudly put down any form of public expression or demonstration
by these groups backing the break.
Therefore, ETA sees the armed struggle as more necessary than ever
to offset the campaign of repression unleashed by the Spanish Government
and its military leadership against the Basque people.
Our national and class enemies are being forced to wage an open war
against the Basque National Liberation Movement, which is conclusive
proof of their inability to settle the conflict through political
reform. This is tantamount to saying that history will again prove
us right about the true underlying nature of the so-called "Spanish
democracy."
Moreover, this tactical mnve chosen by thc~ Spanish State does not
at all represent a definitive solution to the problem and could in
the relatively short run turn out to be very dangerous to its own
overall interests.
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In any event, the important thing at the moment, from the standpoint
of the grassroots struggle, is to realize, above all, that the situation
has entered an irrev~rsible phase in which the fascist measures of
repression will undc>ubtedly create periods of flux in the mobilization
but in which the political measures set forth in the KAS tactical
alternative will truly be able to.setele the conflict underlying the
current violent confrontations.
This is the framework of analysis that should guide the Basque people
in bolstering their confidence of our inevitable victory. At the
same time, it should make the political parties shirking their duty
stop and think about their anachronistic course of conduct and the
culpability that they are incurring by action and omission.
Gora Euskadi Askatuta!
Gora Euskadi Sozialista!
Basque Country, 7 June 1981
FTA
ETA Communique to the Basque People
ETA, the Basque Revolutionary Socialist Organization of National Liberation,
in its campaign of intimidation against Iberduero S.A., the company
- building the Lemoniz Nuclear Powerplant, claims responsibility for
the following armed actions:
19 April 1981: Blowing up of the Mundaiz substation in Donostia
22 April 1981: Blowing up of a substation 'in Eibar
24 April 1981: Blowing up of a transformer in Ayete-Donostia
26 April 1981: Blowing up of the Intxaurrondo-Donostia substation
27 April 1981: Blowing up of a substation in Donostia
2~ April 1981: Blowing up of the Berriz substation
2 May 1981: Blowing up of two power transmission towers for the Santurzi
Thermal Powerplant
3 May 1981: Blowing up of two transmission towers in Calahorra (Logrono)
8 May 1981: Blowing up of a transformer in Bergara
8 May 1981: Blowing up of the Oiartzun substation
- 15 May 1981: Blowing up of a transmission tower in Legazpia
26 May 1981: Blowing up of a FENSA substation in Orcoyen
28 May 1981: Blowing up of a substation in Lemona
31 May 1981: Blowing up of a transformer in Bergara
4 June 1981: Blowing up of three transmission towers in Orcoyen
7 June 1981: Blowing up of a FENSA transmission tower in Iruina
- With each passing day we see the increasingly obvious need to renew
our efforts to frustrate the plans of Iberduero S.A. and the Spanish
Government to put the Lemoniz Nuclear Powerplant into operation, for
the simple reason that the fait accompli maneuver that the two want
- to pull on the Basque people is all too clear. The ideal thing in
their undemocratic and antipeople logic would be to complete
the construction as soon as possible, secretly bring in the enriched
uranium and surprise us all with the then inevitable startup of the
- plant.
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Nevertheless, the grassroots mobilization struggle waged through the
appropriate committees and organizations, combined with the consistent
armed intervention of ETA, have caused these plans to fail resoundingly
and the foul machinations behind them to come to public light. The
wall of silence and secrecy has been broken, and the grassroots struggle
has won the important battle to raise the awareness of the Basque
people in general about the contradictions and dire consequences of
the nuclear powerplant.
But this by itself is not enough. The war continues, and Iberduero
S.A. and the Spanish Government are still determined, in spite of
the tragedies that the Lemoniz conflict has led to, to move forward
with the project, using every institutional, police and military recourse
they have.
The new image that the new president of Iberduero S.A. has tried to
project in ~~Znection with this matter has been a crude, farcical
lie. The ~oal that Mr Gomez de Pablos is pursuing is the same as
- Mr Areitio's, the only difference being the subtle or direct language
that one or the other has used to try and impose his decisions.
We are warning once again that the Basque Country must remain on the
alert against the illegal and high-handed imposition of the nuclear
monster in Lemoniz, Many of the apparently "democratic" options that
have been emerging for a decision by the people are merely delaying
or manipulative approaches in support of the nuclear plant project,
in a bid to gain time to secretly bring in the enriched uranium or
to confuse the people, most of whom are against the plant.
i For our part, we will continue to wage the armed campaign against
the holdings of Iberduero S.A. The intensification of this camp~ign
and the widening of its range of targets will depend directly on the
stand that the company takes regarding Lemoniz from this point on.
Gora Euskadi Askatuta!
Gora Euskadi Sozialista!
Basque Country, 8 June 1981
ETA
Fermin Ancizar Tellechea, a 28-year old bachelor who is originally
from Legasa (Navarre) and who now lives at 16-4 right Recoletos Street
in Pamplona (Navarre), wishes to state the following about his detention:
I was detained on 10 May 1981 at around midnight by the San Sebastian
Civil Guard in Eibar (Guipuzcoa) at No 10-4 left B Street in the Amana
District. A woman tenant answered ~~~~e door, and some 30 Civil Guards
and plainclothesmen came in and proceeded to ask for our identification.
- They grabbed Comrade Angel Rekalde out of a room and taok him into
the hallway, while I was brutally kicked and beaten all over with
guns and objects that were in the apartment.
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- LVa? Vl~iV1~~Y l/6IIJ V~\LJ~
Then a shot rang out in the hallway, and we heard them comment among
- themselves that he would be dead in 5 hours. A policeman then told
me that he was going to kill me. Another one told him not to so that
they could question me, because killing the other guy was enough,
I must state that we never offered resistance and were not carrying
any weapons, which were in an adjacent room. So they fired at Comrade
Angel Rekalde at point-blank range.
I was then transferred to the Campazar intersection (Guipuzcoa) because,
- they told me, our "hole in the ground" (zulo) was there. I was tortured over
and over. For example, I was beaten all over my body. They put
a plastic bag over my head so that I had trouble breathing and lost
consciousness, and they beat my head against a tree until I fell to
the ground. Once I told them exactly where o~r "zulo" was, they called
in reinforcements; the Civil Guard arrived, and they began beating
me again with their weaFons ("cetme," sawed-off rifles [subfusil),
pistols and "lanzapelotas"). They then took me to where I told them
the "zulo" was. About 200 meters away there was a newly built chaiet,
which they said had to be destroyed. All of the Civil Guards (about
300 of them) then began firing helter-skelter into the house. The
officer in command then ordered a tank to break down the front door
and two hand grenades tossed inside, which completely destroyed the
chalet. We then moved on to the "zulo," whic~ was some 200 meters
away. I have to say that the chalet had nott.~.ng to do with the "zulo"
and that it was destroyed because the officer in command just felt
like it.
Once the "zulo" was uncovered, they took me to the Elgoibar Barracks
in Guipuzcoa. They threatened to kill me and my comrade on the way,
reminding me about the three dead people in Almeria and that if they
did the same to me, nothing would happen. We got to the barracks,
_ and right there they began torturing me in indescribable ways. For
exar~ple, they laid me flat on a table with half my body hanging over
it and began beating me all over until I lost consciousness several
_ times and started bleeding from the head and ears. I never received any
medical care.
I was then taken to the Civil Guard Headquarters in San Sebastian
(Guipuzcoa). Here I was again tortured. I was beaten on the head
with an iron-tipped club until I was all swollen and lost any sense
of wt~ere I was or what time it was. I was also beaten all over the
body.
When I was taken down to the dungeon, the guards forced me to kneel
while they stepped on me, beat me and even started pulling my hair
out.
Two or 3 days later, two inspectors arrived from the Civil Guard Head-
quarters in Pamplona (Navarre) to interrogate me too. They tortured
me the same way as their compansions. They also grabbed me by the
ears, threw me against the wall and then the door and threatened to
kill me when I was released.
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After being detained for 10 days, I was taken, with a hood on, to
- a courtroom to make a statement before a trial judge. On the way,
I was beaten and threatened. After I made my statement, I was put
in a room against a wall and beaten and kicked hard. They told me
that I better not get put in jail that same day because I would get
transferred back to the Civil Guard Headquarters, where they were
going to beat me to death and rip my guts out.
In light of all the above, I would like to state that the individuals
arrested after I was detained are completely innocent, inasmuch as
I was pressured and tortured into signing, and that the charges against
me are totally false because they have been unable to prove them.
Madrid, 25 May 1981
8743
CSO: 6000/0005
1
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SPAIN
ETA M LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATION OUTLINED
~ ETA Tries To Reorganize
Madrid ABC in Spanish 24 Jaa 8~2 pp 6-9
[Article by A.Semprun Guillen]
[Text] Several residents of Deva considered to be supporters of the Spanish
Government, the councillor delegate of the Discount Bank, a member of the UCD
[Democratic Center Union] and his followers, a Vitoria industrialist who had
refused to pay "revolutionary extortion," the owner of a Vitoria bar
frequented by the National Police, a member of the Navarra Foral Alliance,
an aristocrat with large holdings in Tudela, a director of Navieras Letasa,
the chief of the Baracaido Municipal Police and a retired civil guard from
the San Ignacio de Loyola district of Bilbao were some of the persons targeted
by ETA [Basque Fatherland and Liberty Group] in 1981. Intervention by the
police prevented the attacks from being carried out.
The ETA terrorist organization, particularly its military branch, has for the
- first time in its history lost the initiative in the dirty "war" it is
encouraging. "They are going crazy. They are disoriented, and all they do
- is meet, argue and patch up the openings made by police action. In addition,
they are feeling the effects of the weariness of the Basque people, who are
already fed up with violence, de~agoguery and bloodshed," said an observer
who is very close to ETA circles.
In the past year, the Executive Committee of the military arm of the ETA has
had to deal with the defection of 51 of its commandos--37 of them in
"intelligence"--and the arrest of 600 members, activists and collaborators.
Its intelligence infrastructure has been the most damaged, in some r.espects
irreparably, by the combined action of the security forces. The "battle for
information," a key part of the antiterrorist struggle, is being won by the
state.
New Basque Attitude
ETA no longer has the same support in the streets that it had a few years ago.
In years past its actions were supported by planned street disorder, which
ensured "continuity." That is, an ETA attack was followed, within a more or
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l~ss short time, by a"popular" demor?stration in the form af a pro-amnesty
march, municipal memorials "glorifying" the dead militants or protest
gatherings against some specific police action. Now the organizers of these
demonstrations are unable to mobilize anything more than scattered groups.
The "organization" also suffers from lack of clarity in its goals. It used
to use terrorism to pressure the gover~ent and achieve its objectives through
parallel political action. This is what has been called "the use of
negotiations to advance the procesa."
Its only form of pressure was the reaction caused by its attacks on the armed
and security forces, with which it created fear within the government. But
after 23 February the ETA was accused by the people themselves of "provoking
the coup." The Executive Comm4ittee--its head untouched for the moment--knows
that a"high level" attack creates tensions which are unpopular in the long
run and that, unfortunately, murdering a civil guard or a policeman does not
arouse the same "fear" in the government. They find themselves, then,
without any goals: increasing the level of attacks would make them unpopular;
not doing so would render them harmless.
The ETA military arm is realizing that it is carrying on terrorism with no
hope for success, no prospects for the future. Chaos out of chaos. Its great
expectation of "military intervention" in the Basque Country is unlikely, and
it knows that at present it does not have sufficient means to provoke such
intervention.
Problems of ETA
On the "practical" side, ETA's military arm has many other problems. Its
economic situation is not all that good and it is being forced to restructure
its entire organization "in th~ interior."
The "fall of Madariaga" in Madrid, with the resulting defection of the entire
intelligence structure in the capital city was the spark for the police
offensive to intensify in t:~e last 4 months of the year. Thanks to that
offensive, Spain did not dress in mourning on 18 November 1981. Thwarted on
that date was a"savage commarido operation" composed of Ignacio Apilanez
Olalde, Antonio Garica del Molino, Salvador Ereizaga Arozamena, Maria Adoracion
Lecuona Oyarzabal, Jose Miguel Larranaga Mandiri, Mifuel /sic/ Francisco
Solaun Angulo, Rafael Bonilla Gutierrez and Angel Gomez Uria, who were going
to blow up the Civil Guard Barracks in Algorta (Vizcaya) on the day of its
dedication. The attack would have cost the lives of the interior minister
himself, the high-ranking officers of the police and the Civil Guard and
many wives and children of guard personnel. Manuel Ballesteros and the entire
Operations Brigade are convinced that a possible coup d'etat was averted that
day. The Civil Guard, they believe, would not have been able to take such
a tragedy in stride.
Action by the security forces is at the same time causing an "exodus" of
members and sympathizers to the south of France. The ETA is forced to "find
a place" for these people and is trying to place them in small businesses in
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Venezuela, Mexico and Colombia. Some of them can be reactivated in the
future so that they may take part in "commando operations" as "free agents."
The ma~ority cannot.
At this time they are changing their system of organization. They have found,
particularly, that their structure is wlnerable, and they are making it
impenetrable. The ETA military arm's technique of "compartmentalization" has
always been one of its best tricks. Normally the commandos maintain contact
with the "head" without intermediaries, through the postal service or special
travel. There is no so-call.ed "area chief",as in ETA-pm; this way they avoid~
the risk of a"general collapse" of the commandos should one of them be
arrested.
Economic Sources
It has several economic sources, although the one we call "revolutionary
extortion" is the basic one. Lately, because of the ETA's loss of prestige
this year, many industrialists have refused to pay. The Lipperheide kidnapping
is a serious warning to the rest. The police believe that the ETA military
arm has a hand in several businesses in the south of France, from the profits
of which it rounds cut its funds. For the moment, lack of cooperation on
the part of French Government officials prevents anyone from getting to the
bottom of this matter.
Relations between the ETA and the French Government are complex and have
undergone some slight changes. There is no doubt that since Mitterrand's
arrival in power, ETA members feel they are being "watched" more closely.
There is even speculation about the existence of certain agreements signed
in Burdeos after a meeting between Regis Debray and the ETA Executive
Committee, by which the ''organization" promised to slow down its activities
in "key moments" of Spanish-French relations. In addition, France's autonomy
problems, with the new socialist policy toward Bretons and Corsicans, has
created strong ill feeling within the Gallic police, which is translated into
a hardening of its position with regard to separatist groups. The French
will leave the ETA men alone as long as they keep their promise not to create
difficulties in the French Basque country, and ETA knows this. It also knows
how to prolong this situation. Thus, just days after Mitterrand assumed the
presidency, the Araba Commando Operation, which was dissolved on 3 March 1981,
had as its principal mission "to prepare an action against trains transporting
vehicles of French manufacture, in case the government should take some
measure against the Basque refugees in that country."
However, in spite of the problems of the "organization," it must not be
forgotten that the "head," the Executive Committee, remains intact. The
police have no legal means of getting to it. The security forces are aware
that if they relax their pressure there will be a setbac.k of several years.
While France continues to grant asylum to its members, 'r:TA has a safe place
from which to launch its activities again. In view of this state of affairs,
our security forces have only one course of action: to eliminate the infra-
structure in Spain and maintain constant vigilance to prevent it from being
reorganized.
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Change of Strategy
The Executive Co~ittee is well aware of its present situation. Its "rank and
file" members react with sharp critici.sm, and discipline is resented. The
"leaders" held a meeting in August about this problem. There it was agreed to
reduce the number of indiscriminate murders, replacing them with "selective"
action. The reasons given were of a"political" nature, but now, given the
dramatic situation, many of the members are beginning to think there was
something more. Thus it is thought that the ETA can no longer maintain the
pace of its actions and that it is making political excuses for its impotence.
Even the murder of a policeman or a civil guard has ceased to be a simple
- matter. Members of the security forces have adopted more and more effective
methods of protecting themselves, even in their barracks and at home.
In spite of all this, ETA goes on killing--32 murders between 1 December 1980
and 27 October 1981--and at any moment it may deal a blow with incalculable
consequence. The 23 February trials and the World Cup games are not far off.
ETA Organization, Leadership
[Article by Pilar Urbano]
[Text] The Six Brains Behind ETA-pm
Since the Arrest of ETA-pm "liberado" Juan Gregorio, who had custody of Dr
Iglesias during the latter's kidnapping, the police have been ab le to confirm
the membership of the "Executive Committee" of the ETA's political-military
- organization: Abrisketa Corta ("Txutxo"), Aulestia Urrutia ("Zotxa"), Atxega
Aguirre ("Fiti"), Lara Fernandez ("Etxepe"), Otegui Mondragon ("Gordo")
and Mugica Arregui ("Josean"). [They have also learned] that the commando
group that took part is not "an ETA faction," that it was not a question of
breaking the ceasefire, but rather of remedying the economic insolvency of
the ETA political-military organization; that "there was no contact between
the Iglesias family and the ETA organization" and that it was decided to
kidnap Dr Iglesias "not for the spectacular effect of the 'coup,' but because
it was an easy way to get money--1 billion pesetas--and send it to some South
American country." ~
Ballesteros' Confidants
ETA is alive. The entire leadership, with residential immunity in the France
of Mitterrand's socialist "freedoms." But it is going blind. Its "eyes,"
the "intelligence commands," are being drained, dismantled and crushed
persistently by the Spanish police. "We must leave ETA without eyes, without
hands, without weapons..., and then, without a head. And if we do not succeed
in severing its head..., at least we will fix it so they have no one to
co~and," I was told by Commissioner Ballesteros, chief of the Unified Command
for the Antiterrorist Campaign. ETA is alive. But the terrorist who watches
a"marked" person from a distance, who tries to dig a hole along a highway
- to place a charge of explosives, who builds a"people's prison," who has to
have an "organic contact" to transmit a slogan, or who is willing to take part
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= in a"bloody action," will feel the noose of the "chakurras," the dogs--that
is what the "organization" call the Spanish police--closer, tighter and
more oppressive every day.
ETA is alive and is killing, kidnapping and extorting with its "revolutionary
tax"--life or death blackmail--, but its actions have a slower rhythm, fewer
successes and a larger number of botched ~obs.
ETA is killing less. "Four were arrested today; two the day before yesterday;
- they end up "singing" about a long of things: small details which are
extremely important to us." Thus Marcelino Ore~a was prevented from being
blown to bits tn his car. Or such and such a lieutenant general, a newsman,
a minister and a.:ommissioner from receiving the deadly caress of a bullet in
the neck. Thus they arrived in time to prevent the Algorta barracks from
being blown up: that would have involved the :'total destruction" of an area
30 meters in diameter, and the deaths of Che entire command of the nation's
security forces. The detonation of 52 l~ilos of "goma-2" was satanically
calculated and planned to be activated by remote control "at the time of the
dedication." This human carnage, born of anger, would have destroyed
democracy. Very impressive.
What has changed? The government, with Minister Roson leading the struggle,
has taken over and has made the campaign against ETA murder its very own:
with more dedication, men and training, more training courses within and
outside Spain, more and ~etter weapons and more money. More money--how glad
we are to spend it for this!--so that the "polis" spend hours, days and weeks
of hope and vigilance in this or that area. More money so that "Ballesteros'
sources and confidants" will name names, warn of the arrival of some commando,
quote chapter and verse on some short-term action. Every police agency in
the world which has terrorism in its backyard pays for such information.
It is a key instrument in the struggle. The brilliant entrance of the "geo's"
into the Trasmoz house, where Dr Iglesias was being held, would not have
been possible without the patient and laborious "Operation Parish," including
investigation and surveillance directed by Commissioner pomingo Martorell.
And "Operation Parish"--so-called to disguise the name "Iglesias"--would not
have gone after the ETA-pm without the reliable information supplied by
Ballesteros. "However, this time no money was paid out for the "singing" or
for the infiltration," he asserts.
Are there other leads not being followed? How many? There are citizens and
residents who (finally) have decided to overcome their fear and "tell what
they know, what they have seen." There are French police agents "who think
as we do, regardless of what their government decides politically, and they
cooperate by informing." There are ETA members who on certain occasions have
"turned coward," "sold out their camrades" or "failed through negligence."
The police know how to turn these "errors" against them: such an ETA member
finds himself between a rock and a hard place: either he "cooperates" with
trustworthy information or the ETA is informed of his actions, and sooner or
later he will be face up 6 feet under. Finally, some information costs
millions, some thousands, of duros, while some can be had for an appreciable
"gift": a passport, a paragraph suppressed in the police report, a ticket to
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South America with no problems. Everything has its price. Nobody expects to
launch and win a"dirty war" with spotless weapons.
But it is not so easy. The fate of the industrialist, Lipperheide, involves
some risk. The ETA "milis" who have been arrested have told all they know--
~ust their part in the episode. At thia time the police are operating in an
information vacuum. They believe the industrialist is being held somewhere
in Gran Bilbao. The Civil Guard is "combing" the area, but as yet there are
no clues. And the ETA-pm "truce?" On Thursday at 9:20 in the evening Mario
Onaindia and Bandres were having a drink, along with a third man, in the bar
of the Riofrio coffeehouse. Too "openly," or too "close" to the Ministry of ~
Interior. Later on I found out that they came from there. The government
does not dialogue with ETA. But ETA-pm has its political arm, Euskadiko
Ezkerra [Basque Left], which does not take up arms, but supports their use;
which does not murder, but deifies its own dead. And one should not be
scandalized because Roson talks with Onaindia. If Onaindia can make his
"advice" worthwhile, when "in private" (as polimili "liberado" Juan Gregorio,
who was arrested while he was holding Dr Iglesias, said) Txutxo, Zotxa, Fiti,
Etxepe, Gordo and Josean, the organization's provosts, "are discussing the
ceasef ire: whether to keep it or break it," everything has its price.
Now political and police action is directed at two areas where there is a
possibility of a"sensational attack" or a"desperate operation": the 23
February military trials and the World Cup soccer festivities. This is the
crucial moment for activating the "intelligence network." But this time the
threads have tu reach simultaneously to the "vital centers" of our four
terrorist groups: the anarchist-libertarian group, the ultrarightists,
GRAPO [First of October Armed Revolutionary Group] and ETA. "To date my best
sources have not given any danger signals. Nothing serious is being planned.
If it were, I would know it by now," Ballesteros told me.
Executive Committee of the ETA Military Organization
This is a diagram of the Executive Committee of ETA-m, the highest organ of
leadership in the terrorist organization. Each of its members is in charge
of a specific area which he oversees with a certain amount of autonomy. The
diagram was supplied by police sources.
l. Political Office--Eugenio Echeveste Arizguren
2. Pcopaganda Office--Juan Ramon Aramburu varmendia (a) "Juanra"
3. Logistics and Support--Isidro Maria Garaide Bedia Launeta (a) "Mamarro"
4. Intelligence Infrastructure--Jose Luis Ansoia Larranaga (a) "Pello E1 Viejo"
--Eloy Uriarte Diaz de Guereno (a) "Senor Robles"
5. International Relations--Jose Maria Ganchegui Arruti (a) "Pelio"
--Carlos Ibargure Aguirre (a) "Nervios"
6. Military Apparatus--Domingo Iturbe Abasola (a) "Txomin"
--Francisco Mugica Garmendia
7. Special Operations--Juan Lorenzo Santiago Lasa Michelena (a) "Txiquierdi"
8. Weapons and Explosives Training--Isidro Maria Garaide Bedia Launeta (a)
"Mamarru"
9. Mugalaris--Jose Miguel Lu~ua Gorostioia .(a) "Mikel"
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Fighters For Democracy
Madrid ABC in Spanish 24 Jan 82 pp 6-9
_ [Article by Carlos Davila]
[7ext] For barely 100,000 pesetas per month, 130 men, the pick of the Spanieh
police, risk their Iives daily in the Basque Country. They belong to a super-
specialized antiterrorist brigade in which, according to Ma.nuel Bal~esteros,
"not ~ust anyone is accepted." All are under 30 years of age, and they live
their personal and collective adventure against terror and death in the north.
They are the men that the Unified Command has sent to Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa,
Alava and Navarra to destroy the ETA, an ob~ective in which these men, who can
never sleep in hotels, who prudently avoid csmeras and who receive minimal
rewards for brilliant service, fervently believe.
They are, in the words of Ballesteros and Dopico, "the police of the 21st
century," a slogan coined by Minister Roson ~ust after he took over the most
difficult department in the Spanish Government. Working behind them are their
comrades in the Central Investigation Brigade, the most famous brigade,
mythologized these days after thQ freeing of Dr Iglesias and the confiscation
of 5,000 kilos of ETA weapons. How can they figure the weight? How can they
be sure that this is 95 percent of the arsenal of the "poli-milis?" These
questions have a single reply: they have calculated the number of robberies
and figured to the last millimeter the recent losses of materiel; in the
former, in spite of appearances, there was never a real truce with ETA-pm,
the supposedly "good" branch invented one day--and his cleverness probably
cost him his life--by Moreno Bergareche, alias "Pertur," guitarist, rock
singer and disciplined student at a college run by monks, one of whom he
encountered later on in ETA.
No Truce
Actually, the "polis" have never rested. Nor does it seem certain that the
alleged truce was adopted in a disciplined manner with a single dissenting
vote. Mario Onaindia, "the politician with the best armed leadership ir. ~he
Basque Country," according to a police source, has "sold," since 27 February
1981--4 days after Tejero Molina's atta.ck on the Cortes--pacification, truce
and negotiation. Only the last has been real: in Madrid, Juan Jose Roson
and Onaindia no longer hide in secret meetings that nobody mentions afterward.
Roson and Onaindia have dined together on many occasions, even in a restaurant
near the ministry frequented by distinguished members of the State Security
Forces. No one, however, among the leaders of the antiterrorist struggle,
will admit that there has been the slightest agreement, the minimal trans-
action between the two. The story goes that in order to ensure the Spanish
democratic primary elections, Martin Villa circulated among the ETA political-
military organization, the result being the silencing of the automatic weapona
and the presence of Juan Maria Bandres in the Senate.
The antiterrorists distrust,suspect and fear Bandres: for example, they fear
the mounting of antipolice campaigns based on torture stories which have never
been proved, on the psychological and physical pressures which used to be used
on ETA members who were arrested. Torture was the principal charge on which
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_ the ETA based its "reasons" for murdering Commissioner Manzanas, the police
agent so widely criticized for his methods, who died the same day that those
who attended a meeting in a convent in Vizcaya decided to kill him. Echave,
the priest arrested with Kalzada and tried in Burgos, said later: "A priest
must commit himself politically and arm himself to defend the Basque people
against the police."
Juan Maria Bandres is not acceptable to the State Security Forces. However,
the opposite is true of Onaindia, and they value his useful statements
condemning the kidnapping of Dr Iglesias, a kidnapping planned and practiced
a thousand times, with which ETA-pm, according to them, "returned" to the
terrorist society. But fear has definitely changed its slogans. The
campaign of the two ETA branches has a single goal: to contradict publicly
the motives which give rise to police euphoria, to assert that "we are more
united than ever," and to ask the people to continue supporting the armed
struggle. Who is right? The security forces, who optimize the results and
say that the beginning of the end has come for the ETA, or the spokesmen for
the terrorist gangs themselves, who say the security forces will soon be
hearing from them? Probably the answer is somewhere in the middle. But one
thing is certain: never before have we had so much information abaut the ETA,
about the two ETAs.
Manuel Ballesteros is not giving out any information about the number of
- infiYtrators working for him in the north or even in France. There are
infiltrators--many of them. They are low-paid collaborators who have been
recruited over the last 2 years and are classed as "special envoys" in the
organization. Periodically they pass reports identical--the similarity is
astonishing--to those supplied by ETA men "working for us," who were arrested
at some point in their terrorist careers and agreed to join the intelligence
game.
Ballesteros is, perhaps, the archi~ect of this intelligence network,
construction of which began barely 2 years ago. Prior to that there was no
coordination. It is tragic to say so, but Spain had lost a lot of time in
the national struggle against terrorism. When General Saenz de Santamaria
arrived in the Basque Country, sent by the Adolfo Suarez government, there
were no maps of area highways or local roads. In that steep country the ETA
literally scoffed at the valiant members of the security forces. With the
intelligence network in place, something else has happened. Today things
appear to have changed definitively. In many viilages in industrial Vizcaya
or in coastal Guipuzcoa there are peaceful citizens who form a solid part of
the social fabric, who are trying to get the ETA to pay attention to them and
begin to sympathize with them and who, after a few trial months, catch them
in the terrorist net. These are Ballesteros men, who show special signs of
being "abertzale" (patriotic]. If they succeed in infiltrating they will
become efficient allies of those 130 superspecialists who are working in
the four Basque provinces and in Navarra.
The success of recent police actions depends in large part on the intelligence
network that functions with precise timing, on the analysis made by technicians
of each and every piece of information that arrives in Madrid and on the
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- service's agents, who are responsible, in the lnat analysis, far carrying on
the fierce struggle against the terrorists. Every car belonging to the Central
_ Intelligence Brigade travels more than 125,000 kilometers annually; they carry
experts who do not live in the Basque Country, but "go north" once a week.
The agent-officials know more about ETA than the members themselves: during
interrogations, astonishing situations arise in which police and terrorist
discuss a certain action, decision, report or simply a bit of information.
The two use the same language: "We are," they say, "playing the same game,
but on different teams." It is not strangeR then, that some experts, most of
them, are contaminated by the ETA vocabulary and use the same expressions
which have been, in my opinion, a source of confusion for the uninitiated.
Just a few days ago, the well-liked Commissioner Martorell was speaking of
the "armed struggle," the concept which euphemistically involves attack,
treacherous murder or economic and psychological blackmail. All the ETA
"argot" should, however, be carefully destroyed; this is the only way to
ensure that the true orientation of the bloody terrorists is not disguised.
The Spanish police are prepared for any kind of terror. They spend many hours
of their training in scrutinizing and studying documents, reading between the
lines the news organs which lean toward extremist groups of both persuasions.
"These newspapers are, for us, working material," one expert in the anti-
terrorist struggle told me. They have the phraseology of the ETA communiques
down pat, and they also know how to interpret the keys to certain ultrarightist
activities which appear in some of the newspapers. They have tapes of many
of the programs aired daily by the outstanding Radio Popular de San Sebastian,
a station which is supported, at least in theory, by the bishop of Guipuzcoa,
Setien, but which in practice behaves with absolute autonomy. The two
branches of ETA use Radio Popular de San Sebastian to broadcast their claims,
manifestos and communiques. Nobody within the Spanish church seems to be
- surprised by~this collaboration--the simple broadcasting of a message--between
a radio station close to the church and the professional terrorists. COPE,
the Spanish Popular Radio Network, over which the church has obvious decision-
making power, this year edited a program for all the provincial stations
except the Basque stations, and this, "simply because the latter did not
accept it." Bishop Estepa, who is head of the cammunications media for the
Bishops' Conference, should give definite reasons for this refusal and also
explain the true role of the church's radio station in San Sebastian.
Twenty-first Century Police
Just as this negative "collaboration" still exists, another, positive
collaboration is being strengthened and is directly responsible for current
- successes. But the big question continues to be: Is the Basque Nationalist
Party collaborating with the Spanish Security Forces? The experts shrug
their shoulders at the question. It is true, however, that the brave reaction
by the chief nationalist leaders against economic blackmail (we shouldn't
call it a revolutionary tax) has contributed to the fact that the financial
campaign imposed by ETA to collect funds is doomed to failure. Javier
Arzallus, president of "Euskaki Buro Batzar "[Basque Executive Committee of
the PNV], complains in surprise that the ETA does not want to sit down at the
negotiating table, but offers "assurances" to the mayor of Guecho that even
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though he does not pay, nothing will happen to him. The PNV [Basque
Nationalist Party] is now trying a more productive type of struggle against
the terrorist "abertzales" ("abertzales" in its purest sense means all the
nationalists), which consists in returning fear for fear and threatening the
murderers. On another occasion, the Aranists of Be?-taeo, who hate the followers
of Arzallus and Garaicoechea, have intimidated FLA with a similar strategy.
A few days after sending the message and notice to the other. side of the
Pyrenees, it appeared that the conservative industrialist, Garabillas, was
"clean" and had not given a single peseta to the ETA military a~m's minister
of finance.
The greatest possibility is that this organization is undergoing a process of
progressive debilitation. The chief leaders of the gang are still in France:
from the aging "Txomin," "Iturbe Abasolo," who helped in at least two attacks,
to the bloodthirsty "Txiquierdi" and "Txapela," the latter with more than 20
killings to his credit as a terrorist carved from granite, unaffected and
unmoved by sentiment. The situation of older ETn member_s may be one of
moral crisis: they have spent many years in the axmed vanguard without
- achieving any apparent successes, and opinion is largely against them. No
one knows exactly how politically coherent the Herri Batasuna (United People)
coalition is at present, which received 17 percent of the vote in the last
election and in which there is only one minimally solid group: HASI, tlie
People's Revolutionary Socialist Party. Nor is it easy to predict what will
be the electoral future of "Euskadiko Ezkerra," the par.ty which resulted from
the fusion of ~IA [Basque Revolutionary Party] e:ith some oF the 33asque
- co~nunists. The impression is that the merger ha:~ encountered resistance
among the rank and file and that this will show up at the polls.
Today's victories have an old explanation. The police now have an image of
efficiency which they lacked under the autocracy. The "21st century police
agent" is more than an aspiration: it is a plan on the way to becoming
reality. The professionals are, as Manuel Ballesteros, director general
of the Unified Antiterrorist Command, puts it, "fighters for democracy,"
It is an admirable warranty.
8735
CSO: 6000/0007
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TURKEY
ADMIRAL ORKUNT WRITES ON ARMENIAN TERRORISM
Istanbul TERCUMAN in Turkish 12-15 May 82
[Article in four installments by Admiral Sezai Orkunt: "International Terrorism
and the Armenian Question"]
[12 May 81 p 2]
[Excerpts] Each year, as 24 April [Armenian Martyrs' Day] and 28 May [Armenian
Proclamation of Independence Day] draw nearer, militants of the world Armenian
community--said to be spread over 60 countries--step up their propaganda and
demonstrations. They use the murder of Turkisti diplomats and their families as
a means of attracting attention to their claims. The purpose of this century-old
propa~;anda effort is to indoctrinate the Western world and Russia against Turkey
and, throu@h such pressure, to set up an Armenian republic in Eastern Turkey.
Armenian claims are based on two points: ^
1) The Turks carried out the first genocide in history between 1915 and 1918
and massacred 1.5 million Armenians.
_ 2) A large part of the Armenian homeland has remained within the borders of
- ~:a$tern Turkey. These lands must be returned to the Armenians.
_ Those who make these claims and who run the street demonstrations and the
propaganda campai~n are Marxist organizations who say they are acting in the name
of the LarKe Armenian communities in Europe and America, but who really are not
linked with those communities.
_ France as well as other Western governments--with the exception of the Greek
Cypriot Administration and Greece--have ended their support for Armenian terrorism
which is functioning as a branch of international terrorism. Isolated shows of
sympathy are motivated by the ambitions of some politicians in certain electoral
- districts.
Russia's Role
lt is well known that the strongest support for the Armenian militant forces
conies from the Soviet Union. Middle-aged citizens will recall how the Soviet
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- Union oEficially demanded in 1946-1947 that the provinces of Kars and Ardahan be
turned over to Kussian control and how certain Georgian and Armenian historians
and writers tried to rationalize that demand. Subsequent Soviet administrations
did not broach this issue openly again, but they never lost sight of their
ultimate aim.
A pro-Armenian article published in the Moscow NEW TIMES in December 1981
accused Turkey of attempting to have the past forgotten in con~?ection with the
Armenian genocide. The "Voice of the Turkish Communist Party" broadcasting from
_ F,ast Berlin has urged the "acknowledgement of historical crimes committed against
the Armenians in Turkey." At an anti-Turkish demonstration held in Athens, a
younp, militant woman openly demanded the incorporation of Turkey's six Eastern
pr~~vinces in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia.
h:ven these few small e xamples show that the Armenian question is kept alive as
~art of a well-define d policy and propaganda campaign rather than as a result of
ttie aspirations of a g reat majority of the Armenian community around the world.
'['urks and Armenians, as social groups, are not each other's foes either in Turkey
_ or anywhere else aroun d the world. Both sides deplore the terrorizing murders
no matter what their purpose is. No rational person can justify the murder of
innocent people on the pretext of unproven events supposed to have happened
between 1915 and 1918.
I'ower of Covernment
'Chere is one conclu~ic7 that must interest the Turkish public:
'fhe Armenian question and terrorism emer~ed during the final years of the
(~ttoman L�'mpire; the Tu rkish and Armenian communities turned against each other
at a time when the state had disintegrated and lost its authority and power inside
the country.
f)uriny, the Republican period, the interval between 1973 and 198U was a time when
tnc authority and the power of government was weakened while anarchy and terrorism
escalated. During that interval, Armenian militant organizations, with limited
rieans oE ac[.ion inside Turkey, tried to achieve their historical aims by murderous
:~ctivities abroad. To day, they continue their murders encouraged by the possible
- wcaknesses of a multiparty system that will follow the present mi~itary
administration. Therefore, the strength or weakness of the state is an important
facr_or. ~
'f'f~~s means that as lon~ as there is a strong government no propaganda campaign
c~~n I~e effective. A weak government, on the other hand, opens new doors of hope
fc~r forces dc~termined ar intending to destroy the state.
~lrrnenian terrorism, as a branch of international terrorism, is a tool of a plan
~rc~F~ared at certai,~ ce;~ters of power to cause Turkey's collapse. What they want
is ~o annex some of Tu rkey's Eastern provinces into the Soviet Socialist Republic
~f Armenia. Is the Soviet Union behind these movesY A documented proof of such
a case is so hard that it mi~ht as well be considered impossible.
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A diagnosis that will be close to the truth can only be arrived at by looking at
the course of the events and by puttin~ together the dispersed links of the
chain.
tde know that our Armenian citizens living in Turkey are di~turbed by the murders
and fanatic acts carried aut by Armenian terrorists abroad. These citizens have,
on various occasions, openly condemned these incidents. Therefore, the problem
is not inside Turkey, b+~t abroad. We want to examine this problem abroad under
- the following main groupings:
1) International terrorism and its links with Armenian terrorism.
- 2) Examples from the Armenian terror propaganda.
3) The stance of governments against political terrorism.
4) Possible effects of Armenian terror abroad on the lives of Armenians living
iri Turkey.
_ The Palestine Liberation Or~anization is currently the largest anti-Israeli
or~;anization and is officially recognized by the United Nations.
Armenian terrorists would, perhaps, like to draw parallels between the
[Arab-Israeli] issue and the Armenian question in the following manner:
1) In the establishment of the Israeli state, terrorist groups operating in
foreign countries had an important share in the success of the propaganda effort
to prove the le~itimacy of the Israeli cause.
2) The Israeli state was established by the decision and support of the United
Nations.
3) Althou~h, at present, there is no Armenian population living in Eastern
Anatolia, it is possible to weaken and destabilize the Turkish state through the
application of terror in cooperation with organizations of other ethnic groups
abroad. Gven if this cannot be done, the buildup of sympathy around the world
may Force the establishment of an entity in Eastern Anatolia.
" [13 May 82 p 2]
_ ['Pext] The general aim and purpose of terrorist groups can be stated as follows:
z a) To force governments into bargaining sit.uations with demands of release of
politicaY prisoners and ransom by hijacking airplanes, taking l~ostages and
kidnapin~ important personalities.
b) To secure necessary popular support in order to show themselves stronger and
more important that they really are, to increase their recruitment and to have
their cause publicly endorsed.
c) 'Po force governments into taking broad oppressive measures and a position of
_ state terrorism in order to create the impression that the pPOple's real enemy
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is the Kovernment and the police state and to indoctrinate the people such
that they will eventually rebel against the government or stand by the side of
terrorist groups in future conflicts.
d) To avenge the terrorists' failure to have their demands accepted and their
ideas endorsed; to kill persons they declare to be guilty in order to scare and
force into submission indivi.duals, institutions and groups who do not cooperate.
The terrorist methods l:sted above have all been used in Turkey.
rlodern terrorist ~roups are also products of secial conditions. They grow very
Fast in suitable environments. Therefore, this issue must also be examined from
a social and economic viewpoint.
Economic and Social Conditions
Social and economic factors related to terrorism can be summarized under five
categories:
a) Socioeconomic environment.
b) Possibility of lepalization of terrorisC groups.
c) Possibility of foreign support for terrorist ~roups.
d) Results of terrorist acts.
e) Possible future of terrorist groups.
a) Studies show that there is a direct correlation between economic imbalances
in a society and terrorist activities. The extent and the effects of this
correlation varies from one society to ano[her. This correlation manifests itself
in several ways.
First, there are the movements which emerge in an environment of insecurity
created by extreme economic imbalances in a society, faults in the system,
- inadequacies in the bureaucratic machinery, large gaps between the rich and the
poor, economic problems that affect and threaten the middle class and the failure
of. a political administration to institute social justice.
Then there are the terrorist groups who want to exploit the situation to destroy
the state and lay the foundations of a communist system under the philosophy of
a worker revolution.
There are also problems arisin~ from the condition of workers sent from poor
countries to high-~rowth countries. When migrating workers cannot adapt to the
society in which they are working, the resulting adverse living conditions lead
ro the formation of terrorist groups by the younger generation.
When ~~vernments cannot meet the demands of these ethnic ~roups, terrorism is
aclopted as a means of securing certain rights. Such incidents are observed
everywhere around the world. The case of the Federal Republic of Germany is the
one that interests Turkey.
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b) The legitimization of terrorist groups depends on the support they find within
a ~;iven society.
If a terrorist group finds sympathy for its cause, its legitimacy can be discussed.
A~ood case in point is the Palestine Liberation Organization.
c) Terrorist groups may be supported by certain governments or they may find
sympathy or toleration for their acts among the national grouping or minority
they belong to. Such support and sympathy plays a significant role in the spread
and strengthening of terrorism. Support can also come from other terrorist groups.
An example of the first case is the tolerance shown to Armenian terrorists in
France, Lebanon and some states of the United States.
Examples of the second case are the sympathy shown by the Japanese Red Army to
the Palestine Liberation Organization and the cooperation between Palestinian
brganizations, the Japanese Red Army and the Baader-Meinhof gang as manifested
in the Munich massacre.
d) Results brought about by the acts of a terrorist group can cause certain
problems for a country both domestically and internationally.
--If, within the environment of insecurity it creates and maintains, a terrorist
group succeeds in bringing about the social change it desires--such as cause a
chanKe of government, or ~et concessions from an existing government--certain
r.esults will emerge both within the country where these events take place and
in the international arena. A good example is the formation of the Israeli state.
--A terrorist group may not find the reaction it desires either from the people
or the ~;overnment. When that happens, they try to make themselves heard by
helping other terrorist groups abroad and by att~mpting to gain an international
identity. Good examples are the Japanese Red Army and the Baader-Meinhof gang.
--In some societies terrorist acts get exactly the opposite reaction the terrorists
expect. The activities of the Popular Revolutionary Army in Argentina caused
the formation of a rightist terror organization called the Argentine Anticommunist
Alliance. In Turkey, too, leftist terror gave birth to rightist terror.
--A terrorist group may also meet with complete failure and be routed by government
forces. Examples can befound in Latin American countries.
- e) The future of terrorist groups depends on whether these groups expect better
successes in the future, whether their organizations will disband or whether
ttieir ranks will thicken.
In this respect, the future of Armenian terrorism will depend on how badly their
dreams are broken around the world, how little sympathy and tolerance they find
from the ~;overnments and politicians of the countries they live in and how far
governments adhere to international agreements.
If proper steps are not taken, terrorism will hurt the countries it is based in
as well as irternational relations.
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Examples of Armenian Terrorist Propaganda
Rased on Foreign Ilinistry bulletins summarizing worldwide press reports supporting
terrorist activities in various countries, the following conclusions can be made:
a) The killing of Turkish diplomats is not presented as an act of murder, the
murderers are presented as heroes and Armenian communities as well as sympathizers
are urKed to contribute to the material and moral support campaigns launched
durin~ the murder trials.
Thus, not only are fanatic young men and women encouraged to commit murders, but
also they are made to believe that even if they are caught and tried they will
either be set free or given very light sentences. The actual results observed
lead to the intensification of this propaganda campai~n.
b) Allegations about an Armenian genocide in the period 1915-1918 are reiterated
on every occasion; films, radio and television programs are prepared on the issue;
books and articles are written; personal memoirs are published; and people are
encouraged to wrire letters to newspapers and magazines for publication.
ldhat is said is similar to the following excerpt taken from the December 1981
issue of ARMF,NIA, a newspaper published in Ptarseilles:
"Armenians who could escape the 1915 genocide have for years demanded, through
- peaceful means, the admission and condemnation of the genocide. The laxity of
the international justice system has led the Turkish authorities to deny and
di.stort historical facts. Let us not discourage the representatives of countries
like P'rance who support us. Let us also emphasize that we are not terrorists,
but a national resistance organization."
Our version of t~istory is based on documents in government archives. There are
also archives on Turkey kept by other governments. It is well known that all
'furkish government archives were at the disposal of the Allied forces during the
occupation of Istanbul, that the Turkish government of the time would do anythin~;
to help the nritish and to slur the rebel government of Union and Progress, that
there is not a single document in British or U.S. archives to indicate the
occurrence of a genocide and that, despite all the special efforts, not a single
_ document has been found to implicate persons exiled to Malta in organizing a
~;enocide.
Therefore, 'Curkish archives represent nothing but the truth. They contain
r~cither denials nor distortions. impartial Armenian tiistorians will also testify
r.o ~ hi s fact.
I)urin;~ the war, Armenian armed gangs and revolutionary committees working behind
t~~e hack of the Turkish army and Armenian forces fighting on the side of the
- kussian army caused a large number of casualties among Turkish soldiers and
~easants and in the process suffered casualties of their own. It was for this
reason that Armenian families in the war zone were forced to migrate. But ~:he
Arrnenians want to show ttieir war losses and migration as genocide. They have
indoc[rinated their young with this fanatical idea and turned them into tod~iy's
rerrorists. One must not forget that 3 million Turks met their deaths during
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the war at the hands of Armenian armed gangs. Who shall we ask to account for
our losses?
c) An article entitled "Armenians and Turks" rejects an explanation given by
Turkish communists that the 1915 events were part of a class struggle. The
article claims that at the time 80 percent of the Armenians lived in rural aregs~
that they suffered the same poverty as the Turks around them and that the reasons
behind the alleged genocide are rather linked to differences of religion,
language and culture between the two nations.
If Turkish communists have really given such an explanation, this is a good
example of how their ideology leads to absurdities.
The other mistake concerns the linkage between the alleged genocide and
differences of religion, lar~guage and culture between Turks and Armenians.
If that were true, Fatih Sultan Mehmet would not have set up the Armenian
Patriarchate in Istanbul and would not have defended the Armenians against the
Catholic Church; during the five centuries that followed this event, that is until
the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, there would exist no Armenian churches, schools,
hospitals and foundations in Istanbul and Anatolia. If there were religious
animosity between Turks and Armenians there would not be 1.4 million--by our count,
2.5 million by their count--Armenians living in Turkey in 1915 because they
would have been wiped out in the course of centuries. If these allegations were
true, Armenians would not be able to live in peace with the Turks in rural areas.
d) Ide see in press reports how Armenian terrorism is supported in countries like
France.
. [ 14 :iay 82 p 2 ] .
[Text) Twenty French socialist deputies, who assume that Armenians have really
been subjected to a genocide and who claim that "even today the Turkish government
oppresses the Armenians living in Turkey," recently submitted to the European
Parliament a draft resolution which brings heavy charges against Turkey and which
makes certain demands from the EEC Council of Ministers.
Addressing representatives of Armenian societies from the Bouches de Rhone regioti,
French Minister of State for Interior Gaston DeEferre, who is also a deputy from
Marseilles, said it was he who suggested the draft resolution--whicli calls on the
"Turkish government to admit the 1915 genocide"--to the French socialist group
in the European Parliament, that if the resolution is endorsed, an important step
will have been taken in the international field and that Armenians may expect
further such actions at the level of UNESCO and the United Nations.
In another speech on 24 April 1982, Defferre declared that he stands in total
support of the Armenian cause. To quote [Turkish Foreign Minister] Che Honorable
Ilter Turkmen, "those who bring accusations against Turkey must remember the
dark and shameful pages of their own history."
7'his truly opportunist French minister has resorted to lies for political
purposes and to secure.a vote base for forthcomin~ elections. The fact that he
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has promised to have a monument built in Champs Elysee in Paris to commemorate
an~l immortalize thP Arrnenian Kenocide goes beyond political opportunism and shows
that he is afraid oE the terrorists' acts.
e) There was another incident in France that attracted our attention.
ASALA and Dashnak Supporters
On 6 November 1981, a ceremony, presided over by the Deputy President of the
French National Assembly, Guy Ducolonne, was held in Marseilles to commemorate
the 61st anniversary of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Speaking at the
ceremony, Ducolonne said that "France has for years supported Armenian aspirations,
most importantly the acceptance of the genocide" and that "the French government
must make efforts toward the recognition of the first genocide of the 20th
century." He made a bigger gaffe when he said: "It is the tradition of our
country to make efforts to preserve the existence of the Armenian minority in
Turkey."
E) In Lebanon, Armenian youn~ men and women publish newspapers and magazines
in universities. Some of these publications support the Dashnak Party, the
Armenian Revolutionary Federation, and some support the ASALA [Armenian Secret
Army for the Liberation of Armenia], which is an extension of the Dashnak Party.
Academicians Threatened
- The Lebanese-Armenian youth has now reverted to intimidating historians~ The
second volume of a two-volume history work written by Stanford J. Shaw--a history
professor at the University of California in Los Angeles--and his spouse in 1976
states that an Armenian genocide did not take place. Armenian terrorists do not
like this work at all. As a result, Professor Shaw, who teaches Turkish history
at the University, was forced, through student boycotts, to leave his job
temporarily and was even threatened with death. This is a tactic used by people
who are afraid of their own lies and who would like to prevent impartial people
from learni.n~ the truth.
Recently, two history teachers and students from the Haigazian University in
Lebanon have begun pressuring the authors of the book entitled "History of the
Modern World Since 1815" published by the Yale University in the United States.
The authors have been criticized for not mentioning the "first genocide of the
20th century" in the chapter on World War I and the publishers have been asked
to inclt~de this in the new edition of the book. The two professors who wrote
the book have stated that they find this request justified and that they will
make the necessary amenciments to the new edition.
'1'liis may seem to be a simple incident, but is worrisome from an academic point
~f view. lJhen a history researcher does not write about an issue which he cannot
determine clearly during his research, he is committing an act which is related
to his academic ethics. If history will assume t~ new identity in the face of
demands and pressure, neither the historians nor the history of the Western world
will be trusted.
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g) In an interview with LE FIGARO correspondent Laconetre, Head of State Gen
Kenan Evren said: "An Armenian question does not exist in Turkey. An Armenian
state has never existed on the land within the borders of Turkey and will not
exist in the future." HERALD, a magazine published by students in Lebanon,
criticizes this statement and makes the following prediction: "History books of .
the future will show how an Armenia was born before Turkey's eyes."
How will this be done? Some believe that a Marxist-Leninist government will
come to power in Turkey and, as a manifestation of international brotherhood
--that delusive concept used by all the worker regimes around the world--will
permit the establishment of a Greater Armenia on the Eastern six provinces of
Turkey.
Others believe that the United States must bring about this state of affairs.
A Fanatic Clergyman
Archbishop Yeprem Tabakian, the Armenian spiritual leader for the Western United
States appointed by the Armenian Catholicate in Antilias, Lebanon, has sent an
_ open letter to American politicians and government institutions in connection
with the murder of our Los Angeles Consul Kemal Arikan and the trial of the
suspect in the murder. The let[er was published in ASBAREZ, the press organ of
the Dashnak Party in the United States. Following are the concluding remarks of
the letter:
- "Uur desperation is a reflection of our determina~fon to return to our ancestral
lands. After 600 years of enslavement by the Turks, we were able to regain part
of our homeland in 1918. It is for this reason that our young are not hopeless.
We would like all American citizens to understand the nature of this sacred and
_ just cause which is leading to this kind of acts (killing of Turkish diplomats).
"As a spiritual leader of the Armenians, I would like to convey to you the lofty
_ objectives of the Armenian national liberation struggle.
"We want the return of our occupied lands to their historical owners.
"Who else but the United States, which has led the world in the defense of human
rights, can help us to win our just cause?
"Lastly, let me reiterate the slogan that shook Europe for a long time: Serving
Armenia is serving civilization."
A cler~yman is trying to convince the United States that some of Turkey's lands
must be turned over to the Armenians by the use of force. Examples of such
absurdities stemming from church fanaticism are abundant in history.
I~lisled by the clamor raised by Britain about the establishment of an Armenian
state, President Woodrow Wilson was inclined to accept a U.S. mandate over
Armenia [in 1918]. But subsequent fact-finding missions sent to Turkey proved
the hollowness of Armenian claims over Eastern Anatolia, and the U.S. Senate
refused the responsibility of establishing an Armenian state. If this dream
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could not be realized at a time when Armenians constituted 18 percent of the
population of Eastern Anatolia, how can anyone expect that current revolutionary
and warlike objectives could be realized today when Armenians constitute 0.009
- percent of Turkey's population? Today, there are 47 million Turks living in this
country. Let us assume that the six provinces claimed were given to the Armenians
by some power. How many Armenians are expected to come to these lands? From
what corners of the world are they expected to come? Who will guarantee the
security of Armenians who come to Eastern Anatolia on a hostile footing? Who
will be able to force 47 million Turks to accept such a fait accompli?
Can they find answers to these questions?
A Communist Regime
Some groups envisage an exceptional situation where Turkey's current national
i.dentity is destroyed by a communist coup, Turkey becomes a supporter and vassal
of P1oscow's and Armenians are permitted to settle in the East within a federal
framework.
What illusions! Can anyone expect that even a communist regime, with any sense
of identity, would do something like ttrat?
Now Turlcish voices are also being heard against the propaganda campaign being
wa~ed abroad. Turkish-American soci.eties in the United States are waging
successful countercampaigns of their own. A well-prepared brochure entitled
"Setting the Record Straight Against Armenian Propaganda" was recently distributed
and advertising space was ought on high-circulation U.S. papers. The U.S.
~overnment, meanwhile, do s not appear to be taking a soft stand against the
murders.
This 24 April produced a~ig propaganda wave just like the others before it. Now
as 28 Ptay--the anniversary of the proclamation of the Armenian state in 1918--
approaches a new propaganda wave may be expected.
[ 15 l~lay H2 p 2]
[Text] Having looked at France, let us take a brief look at Greece, which,
- to~ett~er with the Greek sector of Cyprus, has become a staging area for Armenian
terrorist or~anizations.
Armenians in Athens were given the opportunity to organize when the military
~;overnment was in power in Greece and have maintained close links with Armenian
terrorist organizations in France and Lebanon. Now, Armenians in Athens have ,
found an ally in [Greek Prime Minister Andreas] Papandreou, and they can work
comfortably under a tolerant government and police organization. The ultimate
aim of Ar.menians living in Greece is to divide and disirtegrate Turkey.
Ki~;ht f~efore September 19$0, all terrorist groups in Turkey thought, on i:he basis
of the support they received from leftist political parties and labor unions, that
a leftist coup was possible in this country and that a leftist government could be
brought to power.
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, in line with this impression, the Armenian murder organization which martyred
Galip Ozmen in Athens in August 1980 issued the following communique:
"The fighters of the Armenian Secret Army assume the responsibility of killing
the Turkish diplomat.
"Our struggle is a new step taken against reactionary forces in Turkey, against
NATO and all imperialist forces and against Armenians who do not support us and
want to stall progressivism.
"We will continue our struggle, hand in hand with Kurdish forces, until we
liberate our homeland and the Turkish people living under oppression."
Russian Support
One branch of this organization is believed to be the Athens Armenian Youth
Or~ani.zation which is headed by an Armenian woman known as Red Agavni. In an
address to a~athering of Armenians, she raised her left fist and said:
- "We are grateful to the Soviet Union which supports our cause. Our objective is
to divide Turkey and to make Eastern Anatolia part of Soviet Armenia."
A statement by the "Armenian Revolutionary Committee," which hides behind the
name "Pan-Hellenic Armenian Organization" to win the sympathy of Greeks, says:
"The struggle of the Armenian people c~ntinues to liberate its lands from Turkish
occupation. The ultimate aim of our struggle is to recover these lands from the
Turks and make them part of Soviet Armenia.
"Armenians of the diaspora feel sympathy and allegiance toward Soviet Armenia
which is the most democratic republic in the Soviet Union."
These statements must make the Turkish p~ople think again why there have been
"liberated zones" in Fatsa--a small staging port on the Black Sea--Kars and Artvin.
As lonK as Armenian terrorism and terrorists and animosity against Turks are
stipported in Greece and other countries, it will not be possible to stop
international terrorism and its arm, Armenian terrorism. The situation will be
even more difficult if the Soviet Union continues providing political support for
these or~anizations as evidenced by the statements mentioned above.
All this means that Armenian terrorism is one of the tools used by the Soviet
Uni~n to brin~ ahout the collapse of Turkey.
Support From America
It is known that currently there are 500,000 Armenians living in the United
S[ates, most of them being in Massachusetts, Michigan, Illinois and California.
Not surprisin~ly, the latest murder was committed in Boston.
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Consequently, the dependence of candidates running for the Senate and the House
of Representatives on Armenian votes in these states has created the environment
desired by terrorist groups.
On 24 April 1982, California Governor Jerry Brown ordered all state flags to be
- flown at half mast to commemorate the 67th anniversary of the alleged Armeniatt
- ~enocide. Brown's published statement said:
"liistory is our interpretation of past events. One of the darkest periods in.
history was lived during the massacre of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915. When
Hitier ordered the destruction of the Jewish race, he pointed to the Armenian
experience and questioned whether anybody remembered that catastrophy."
Governor Brown also spoke at a dinner reception given in his honor in Montebello
by the Dashnak Party, a revolutionary organization. Brown said: "I will do my
best as Governor and, if elected, as U.S. Senator to help the Armenian cause."
fiis words were aimed at securing votes for the forthcoming elections.
Congressmen and senators from the states mentioned above repeatedly state that
the first genocide in history was committed by the Ottoman government in 1915,
that 1.5 million Armenians were killed in the process and that moderii Turkish
governr~ents must assume responsibility for what happened, pay reparations and
return the lands Armenians claim to be theirs. Massachusetts Governor E. J. King
has joined these congressmen and, on 2 April 1982, the House ~f Representatives
of that state passed a res~lution condemning the alleged Armenian genocide.
'ihus, the Armenian issue has become a political investment opportunity in the
United States resulting in an environment which supports and protects terrorism
in certain states.
Tt~ose Who See the Truth
Meanwhile, pro-Turkish congressmen and senators condemn the murders of Turkish
diplomats and their families and demand that the federal government take serious
measures to prevent these acts. They state that the recognition of the terrorists'
claims will mean a return to the law of the jungle, that young people from
middle-class Armenian families in Lebanon are indoctrinated with Marxist-Leninist
icleolo~y and sent to France and the United States to commit murde.rs and that all
terrorist networks, with no exceptions, have pro-Soviet sympathies.
P]orth Carolina Senator John P. East says that the Soviets are behind every
terrorist movement around the world. Noting tha[ Soviet support for terrorism
is not a fabricated allegation, Senator East says that the Soviets supply all
~~olitically motivated terrorist ~roups with trainin~, arms, logistics and
E~ropa~anda a~sistance through direct or indirect means.
Turkey's Importance for Europe
'fhe rnotives of these terror incidents abroad are very clear as stated several
times previously. Armenian terrorism has its place within this general framework
ancf has its own motives: To attract the attention of the Western world to the
Armenian question through the sensational environment created by the murders and
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use the West to force Turkey to make concessions.
This same thing has been tried for a hundred years. How can this dream have any
chance of success against a strong Turkey when it could not be realized at the
time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the occupation of Ar?atolia?
Turkey is a great country. With its rising population, Turkey will, within the
next 20 years, become the country with the largest population and strongest
potential in Europe next to the Soviet Union.
The loss of Europe may mean serious economic difficulties for Turkey, but if
Europe loses Turkey its political independence may be jeopardized.
Europe now seems to be inclined to present Turkey with the threat of a new
crusade. There is only one spectator applauding this great political tragedy:
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Conclusion
The conclusion that can beadrawn from what was said so far is that terrorism is
directed a~ainst not only individuals, but also rhe stability of government systems.
If anarchy and its violent tactics cannot be stopped in time, significant damage
may result to the machinery of government, its relations with the people and the
sensitive structure of the economy.
According to one estimate, there are around 50 significant terrorist ~roups around
the world. According to another estimate there are around 300 violent action
groups around the world if all the splinter factlons are counted in. ,
These groups have a broad range of ideologies, mostly derivatives of Marxism.
All Armenian terrorist groups are ideologically Marxist-oriented and can
comfortably link their objectives with Moscow's foreign policy.
The contradiction within the Western alliance is that the acts of terrorist groups
which make no secret of their ideology are greeted with sympathy. The speedy
escalation of anarchy and terror in Turkey which brought the gov~ernment to the
brink of collapse was the result of the tolerance shown by Turkish political
parties in viewing and interpreting the events.
This tolerance and the political opportunism which helps the election of ce:tain
Kovernment or party officials are loopholes which are exploited very well by
terrorists.
Consequently, it is very hard--almost impossible--to wipe out movements si.milar
to Artnenian terrorism within the framework of the Western world.
When a terrorist group whi.ch has given its cause a national identity and a
sympathetic form murders foreign individuals or damages foreign institutions in
~ a~iven country, the ~overnment of that country is generally not inclined to move
a~ainst the terrorists. As long as the citizens of that country and their
pro~erty are not hurt, the terrorists will be looked upon with tolerance. This
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is a type of collaboration and is the most important factor in the failure to
curb international terrorism.
The UN conven[ion on the "prevention and punishment of crimes against
internationally protected individuals" adopted by the General Assembly in
necember 1973 and the European convention on the "annihilation of terrorism"
adopted in 1477 have not been effective in the prevention of crimes against life
and property. The reservations expressed by some of the signatories of the
European convention show that political murders will not be easily ended.
As lonp as a~overnment does not take serious internal and external measures, it
is irnpossible to bring an end to acts of violence by newspaper articles and
comnentaries, radio and television programs, books and academic seminars.
It is impossible to wipe ou[ terrorism especially when a group is considered
terrorist by one ~overnment and a freedom fighter organization by ano[her.
95RH
CS~: 6133/2601
l
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~
_ TURKEY
ASALA, HIGH-LEVEL OFFICIALS LINKED TO SMUGGLING RING
Istanbul HURRIYET in Turkish 9 May 82 p 17
[Keport by K~mil Basaran]
[Text] Five years ago we proved by documents and warned the authorities that
- "Overco," a company set up and operated by ~ur mortal enemy, ASALA [Armenian
Secret Army �or. the Liberation of Armenia], in Holland, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon,
- was bringin~ smuggled arms and goods into Turkey. Do you know what happened?
Our reports ~.~re covered up. "A TIR [International Highway Transport] truck
driver who cooperated with the Armenians and who could give us important leads
was permitted to escape by high-level Turkish officials."
I was talking to official people. Thinking that I did not believe what they said,
they added: "Here are the documents. They are documents of shame about the
bribery addicts and the.phony patriots of the pre-12 September period. You can
look at them." The documents before me had "Very Important-Urgent" stamped on
them.
The persons I talked to tried for years to attract attention to the biggest
smuggling operation in the history of the republic organized by the Armenian
secret terror organization, ASALA, but their voices were subdued in the
environment existing before 12 September [1980]. They still hold high-level
government positions. Their reports said: "The Armenians want to dynamite the
foundations of the Turkish Republic. Here is their true identity, here is their
phony company and here are the Turkish officials helping that company." These
_ reports were not heeded and their authors were frustrated.
_ When HURRIYET published reports that "Overco" was operated by ASALA and that
_ there were important personalities involved behind the scenes, these officials
_ said: "Those who covered up those reports must be ashamed of themselves." Now
they were showing these 5-year-old "important documents to set an example."
Driver Escapes
I looked at the documents they gave me. They said:
"The Dutch Embassy has reported that Overco is owned by an Armenian, that the
company's Kuwait representative may also be an Armenian and that this company is
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smu~;~ling arms into Turkey.
"Dutch truck driver Adrianus Van Wijk has stated that he works for Overco in ~
}{~llar.~i and that he has received instructions from a company official named
Luthart to unload the goods in his TIR truck, license number 44-66-ZB, at a
iocation near Gaziantep in Turkey.. This smuggling incident has also been
confirmed by the Dutch Interpol."
I asked:
"Is the Dutch truck driver now in jail?"
The officials smiled bitterly:
- "lle is not in jail; he is abroad. He escaped from our hands. He escaped in a
t�tercedes car from a customs area. The driver had dual nationality; he gave us
very useful information. I{is account was confirmed by the Dutch Embassy.
"Let us tell you the incident mentioned in those documents from the beginning.
"Adrianus Van Wijk was a truck driver working for Overco, a company owned by
Armenians. tle told us where he unloaded smuggled goods and how he got around
customs formalities without leaving Turkey. He also told us that a fresh shipment
of arms was on its way aboard a truck. .
"There were some interesting developments while we were waiting for that truck.
Van Glijk was spirited out of the customs area. He did not even have his pa ssport
with him.
"tid}iile the investigation of the incident continued there were even more interesting
developments. Another truck driver attempted to run away with the captured Tllt
truck. This driver, a Yugoslav citizen, inflated the tires of the truck, refueled
i.t, found the ignition key and started the engine. A colleague of ours who was
not even on guard duty caught him. This driver told us that he unloaded th ree
truckftils of arms in Turkey.
"R~port No 10, dated 29 December 19i8, and Report No 2, dated 25 January 1979,
written by Inspector Necati Can, explain the other tragic facts about this
incidents. You can read them."
How Can This Happen?
An interesting section in one of the Inspector's reports attracted my attention.
It said:
"Accordi.ng to my investigation of the truck with license number 44-66-ZB, the
nutch Interpol, acting on tips provided by the Dutch Embassy, has uncovere d the
activities of a smuggling organization in Holland. It has determined that
Adri~nus Van Wijk would carry one half of a 25-guilder banknote the other half of
which would be carried by the person who would meet Van Wijk in Turkey. Thus,
the two would be able to identify each other. The Dutch Interpol has also
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rcE~orted to the Dutch Emb:issy that weap~ns are kept in the spare tires of the
truck with license number 29-45-ZB and [hat this truck is supposed to be at the
- Turkish-Bulgazian border. This last fact was also the conclusion of our office.
Although ~he investigation was being handled by our office and although this
fait was known to the Dutch Embassy, relevant information which should have been
reported to us was sent to the Ministry of the Interior.
_ "The note sent to the riinist*y of the Interior specifically mentioned our office
as the authority in charge of the case. In spite of that, the Ministry chose
to pass the information on to the Edirne Security Directorate by phone, in a
nanner that could compromise the secrecy of the investigation. After receiving
~ this im~ortant information, the Edirne Security Director promised the
Undersecretary of the Minis try of the Interior that he would get in touch with
us, but that information ne ver reached our office.
"It was later determined~wh o the Edirne Security Director--who was appointed to
that post in December 1977--~ot in touch with after receivin~ the information
from the Ministry. The inf o rmation in question reached our office 2 months
after the Ministry of the I nterior received it. pleanwhile, the Ministry of the
_ Interior complained to the Ministry of Customs and Monopolies that our office
would not release any information on the case." ~
Smugglers Benefit From Unexpected Recall
The 5-year-old investi~;atio n reports stamped "Very Impor[ant-Urgent" are filled
with hair-raising accounts. In one rep~rt, Ministry of Customs Insp2ctor Necati
Can says:
"In our previous investigat ions we had determined that the firm named '(lverco
liolland B.V.' and reportedly owned by Armenians was smuggling goods by TIR
trucks through entry ~orts in the Thrace and that two containers belonging to the
firm had been dispatched th rough Turkey to a bank in Kuwait.
"It was believed that these goods, supposedly destined for (Alahli) Bank in
Kuwait, would be unloaded at a convenient locatian [in T~rkey] after moving out
of the port of Mersin. The refore, a watchdog group was instructed to keep an
eye on ivho was in charge of the cuntainers and to keep track of the containers
if they were permitted to leave the port."
And then there is a big "but" which may cause a lot of faces to turn red.
Inspector Can's report cont inues:
_ "B~it when Feramuz Durmusoglu who was appointed to run the shadowing job was
sud~!enly recalled to Ankara for unknown reasons, the pursuit operation could not
be carried out. The ididdle East International Freight Company, which on
S January 1979 filed Applica tion No 138820 to move the containers in question
out of the port, later wrate to the Directorate General that they had changed
their mind on grounds of foul methods practiced by Overco."
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Female Spies �
Let us listen again to the high-level offici~ls who want to remain anonymous:
"The smuggling incidents which provided sweet profits to ASALA assumed new
proportions in the pre-12 September Turkey; many peaple occupying important
positions were busy filling their pockets. Only Turkey and its deceived sons
were losing because the Armenians were giving assistance to every right-wing
~ and left-wing illegal organization in Turkey.
' "How were they doing it?
"The Armenians were smuggling goo~is into Turkey and selling them here. Imported
~ merchandise addicts were snatching these goods. Smuggled television sets, radios,
jeans an d cosmetics left sweet prof its for the Armenians. With their earnings
rhey bought narcotics and traded in hashish and heroin. Of course, they employed
puppats in Turkey to do their work. These unconscientious traitors, who are
su~;~ose d to be Turkish citizens~ knowingly or unknowingly helped the Armenians.
The ~+rmenians made even more profits from the sale of narcotics. With those
profits they would smuggle arms int o Turkey and make even more money. Later,
they gave this money to right-wing and left-wing illegal organizations in Turkey
_ as well as ASALA. The foundations of the Turkish Republic were being undermined,
Turkish blood was being shed and Turkish diplomats and citizens were being k~lled
with money earned in Turkey. There was ~lso a desire to undermine our intelligence
oroanizations through influential people employed by the Armenians. In such
operations female spies like Mata Hari were being used. Bribery and women al.ways
work like magic keys."
Jeans Uncover Armenian Smuggling
- Customs Inspector Necati Can, who wrote the reports mentioned above, did not wish
to talk about the issue. He only said: "I wrote those reports tirelessly despite
the death threats and I turned them over to the authorities concerned." He added:
- "~ty suspicions about ArmPnian smuggling were aroused by a shipment of blue jeans.
I could not understand why one would ship blue jeans to Arab countries. Who
would want to wear blue jeans in a hot country? There was something wrong and
my suspicions turned out to be well-placed. Unfortunately, many things that
should have been done could not be done in time.
"Tt~ere are many things to be told, but I am a civil servant; I cannat talk."
Faces To Be Unmasked
But the high-level officials who talked to me did not remain silent. They told
me other thin~s which they did not want published at this stage. They said:
"Many snake heads were crushed in the aftermath of 12 September. Some managed
to hide. Now we will uncover those snake heads and crush them. We will unmask
the traitors who collaborated with our mortal enemies, the Armenians, and who
enriche d themselves with their dir ty money. We will do this even if they have
_ occupied i.mportant positions in the past. It is time that these unconscientious
peo~le account for their crimes before Turkish justice."
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TURKEY
COLUMNIST ALLEGES SOVIET IN STIGATION OF ARMENIAN TERRORISM
Istanbul TERCUMAN in Turkish 10 May 82 p 6
["Street Corner" column by E rgun Goze: "The keal Purpose of Armenian Terrorism"]
[Text] Armenian terrorism has not stopped. It continues with more insolence and
defiance. Now they have mu r dered our Honorary Consul in Ii~ston. The cowardly
- slayin~ of Turkish diplomat s certainly saddens the Turkish nation and causes
problems for the Turkish government, but it does not create defi~?ite results
which would be against the Turkish nation and the government.
Then we ask: Iahat is the p u rpose of killing Turkish diplomats on t he pretext of
completely dist~rted events that happened 70 years ago? How has an "organization"
named ASALA [Armenian Secre t Army for the Liberation of Armenia] sp rung up so
_ su~~e::ly and why is it work i ng within a plan so persistently?
Z:~e purpose of these acts is very clear. The objective is to arouse the Turkish
public to take retaliatory action against Armenians living in Turkey. Especially
if such action assumes the p roportions ef rhe 6-7 September [1955] incic~ents,
those who are instigating a few Armenians will have achieved their final aim.
~ Then they will blame the re sponsibility of their crimes on our nation and plot
a conspiracy against Turkey which is becoming an increasingly strong factor of
stability in the Middle Eas t.
The plot is not new; i[ is quite old.
~ For the past 100 years, the Russians, the French and the Britfsh have been
cruelly and senselessly inc iting the Armenian minority in Turkey to cause the
collapse of our state from within. Na'_ve Armenians who have become too:.s for
- this criminal act have brought disaster upon thEir nation.
, The same play is being stag e d again. Twa days ago, the Honorable CPlal Bayar,
the third Preside~t of the Republic, was reported as sayin~: "Russ ia is the
insti~;ator of Armenian terro rism." Hfs statement is a reflection of common sense,
experience and patriotism. The Soviet Union has lost its extensions, anarchy
centers and "DER" or "TUM" o rganizations in Turkey. The 12 September [1980]
operation brought an end to the divisive activities of these organizations in
Turkey.
_ ~
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: Armenian terrarism and the unrest it may cause in Turkey are the only trumg cards
left in Soviet hands.
Bitt the agitators who sit in a room in the Kremlin to decide how to divide and
dismember Turkey, what slogans to suggest to certain writers, what logos ta give
to certain cartoonists and how many roubles to pay to treason networks are
forgetting one important factor: The humanity of the Turkish nation.
The Turkish nation has shown an exemplary level of humaneness toward members of
different faiths it has lived with and will do so even in the 25th century, if
this world is still alive.
The sadist passions of a fe~a mercenary Armenian terrorists are alien to the
Turkish nation. There is not a single Turk who would attribute the responsibility
of crimes committed by a few perverted and confused Armenian terrorists to
innocent Armenian citizens living in this country. But this nation and its
p,overnment have the power to force the Armenian terrorist hyenas who have shed
the blood of so many Turkish diplomats out of their dens and make them pay for
their crimes.
~rhis is the right and duty of this nation and government--just as long as they
want to do it.
' 9588
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