JPRS ID: 10549 TRANSLATION FOREST RESERVES IN THE SOVIET UNION: CONCISE HANDBOOK BY A.G. BANNIKOV, EL AL.

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JPRS L/ 10549
~ 28 May ~ 982
~ Translation
FOREST RESER\/ES IN THE SOVIET UNIOhI:
GONCISE HANDBOpK
By
,
A.G. Bannikov, et al
Fg~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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i
, JPRS L/10549
, 28 May~1982
FOREST RESERyES TN TH~ SOyIET UNION,
' .CONCI~SE HANDBOOK
,
i Moscow ZAPOVEDNTK~ SO~IETSKOGO SOYUZA (KRATKZY SPR.AVOCHNIK~ i~ Russian
; 1977 (signed to press 28 Sep 771 pp 3-87
, IHandl6ook "Forest geserves in the Sov~.et Union", by Andrey
' Grigoryevich Bannikow, Dmftr~y Aleksandrovich ~orin, Vasiliy
vasil R yevich Krinitsk~y, 'Vyachislav Ludvigovich Rashe}: and Anna
, Vyachislavnovnaya Chumakova, Izdatel'stvo "Lesnaya promyshlEni~ost~"~
50, 000 copies, 88 pages~J
i ~ Contents Page
; Introduction 1
i
~ Brief Information About Forest Reserves of the USSR 4
i.
Azerbaijan SSR 4
I Basutchayskiy State Forest Reserve � 4
Gek-Gel' State Forest Reserve with eldar pine branch . 4~
Girkan State Forest Re~erve 4
~ Zakatal'skiy State Forer~t Reserve 5
~ Kyzylagachskiy State Forest Reserve. , 6
~ Pirkuli State Forest Reserve ~ 6
Turianchay State Forest Reserve ~
Shirvan State Forest Reserve 8 .
Armenian �~Tt s
Dilizhanskiy State Forest Reserve 8
Khosrovskiy State Forest Reserve 9
! Belorussian SSR 9
! Belovezhskay a pushcha State Hunting and Game Preserve q
~ Berezino St ate Forest Reserve 10
; Pripyatskiy Landscape-Hydrological S~ate Foresti Reserve 11
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[ I - USSR E.~ - FOUO]
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Georgian SSR 12
Adzhamety State Forest Reserve
- Alqetskiy State Forest Reserve 12
Batsara-Babanaurskiy State Forest Reserve 13
Borzhomi State Forest Reserve 13
Vashlovanskiy State Forest Reserve 14 ~
Kintrishskiy State Forest Reserve I5
Colchf.s State Forest Reserve 15
Lagodekhskiy Order of Etnblem of Honor State Forest Reserve 16 '
Mariamdzhvarskiy State Forest Reserve
Pitsundo-Myusserskiy State Forest Reserve 17
- Ritsinskiy State ~'orest Reserve 17
Saguram~kiy State Forest Reserve 1~
Satap liyskiy State Forest Reserve 19 ,
Kazakh SSR 1~
Aksu-Dzhabagly State Forest Reserve 19
Alma-Ata State Forest Reserve 20
Barsakel'mes State Forest Reserye 21
Kurgal'dzhinskiy State Forest Reserve 21
� Naurzum State Forest Reserve 22
22
Kirgiz SSR 22
Issyk-Kul' State Forest Reserve 23
Sary-Chelekskiy State Forest Reserve
24
Latvian SSR 24
Gxini State Forest Reserve
Moritssala State Forest Reserve 24'
Shlitere State Forest Reserve 25
Engurskoye Hunting and Game Preserve 26
Lithuanian SSR 26
Zhuvintas State Forest Reserve 26
Moldavian SSR 27
Kodry State Forest Reserve 27
28
RSFSR . 28
Altay State Forest Reserve
Astrakhan Order of Red Banner of Labor State Fc+rest Reserve L8
imeni V. I. Lenin 29
Baikal State Forest Reserve
Barguzin State Forest Reserve 30
Bashkir State Forest Reserve 31
�Bol'shekhekhtsirskiy State Forest Reaerve ' 31
Visim State Forest Reserve 32
volga-Kama State Forest Reserve 33
Voronezh State Forest Reserve 33
Darwin State Forest Reserve 34
Zhigulev State Forest Reserve 35
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Zavidovo Scientific Experimental Forest Reserve 35
2eysk State Forest Reserve 36
I1'men State Forest Reserve imeni V. I. Lenin ~36
~ Caucasian State Forest Reserve 37
Kandalaksha State Forest Reserve 38
' Kedrovaya pad' Forest Reserve 39
Kivacn State Forest Reserve 39
Komsomol'sk State Forest Reserve � 4G
Kronotskiy State Forest Reserve � 41
, Lazovskiy State Forest Reserve imeni L. G. Kalplanov 41
Lapland State Forest Reserve 42
~ Mordovian State Forest Reserve imeni P. G. Smidovich 43 .
Oka State Forest Reserve 44
, Pechoro-Ilych State Forest Reserve 44
Pinega State Forest Reserve 45
Prioksko-Terrasnyy State Forest Reserve 46
' severo-oseti state Forest Reserve 46
~ Sikhote-Alin' State Forest Reserve 47
Sokkhondinsky State Forest Reserve 48
Stolby State Forest Reserve 48
Teberda tate Forest Reserve 49
Ussurysk State Forest Reserve SU
Khingan State Forest Reserve 51
l~operskiy State Forest Reserve 52
' Central State Forest Reserve 53
Central Chernozem State Forest Reserve imeni Professor
~ V. V. Alekhin 53.
~ Tadzhik SSR 54
Ramit State Forest Reserve 54
Tigrovaya balka State Forest Reserve 55
~ Turkmen SSR 55
Badkhyzskiy State Forest Reserve 55
Krasnovodsk State Forest Reserve 56
Repetek State ~'orest Reserve 57
Uzbek SSR 58
Aral-Paygambar State Forest Reserve 58
Aaday-Tugay State Forest Reserve 58
Vardanzin Desert-Sand Forest Reserve 59
; Zaami.nskiy State Forest Reserve 59
Zeravshan Forest Reserve 60
Kara-Kul' State Forest Reserve 60
Kyzyl-Kumy State Forest Reserve 60
I Kyzylsuyskiy Mountain-Savin Forest Reserve 61
~ Nurata Mountain-Walnut Forest Reserve 61
~ Chatkal'skiy State Forest Reserve 62
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Ukrainian SSR 61
- Azov-Sivash Hunting a~,id Game Preserve ,,b2 ,
- Askaniya-Nova State Forest Reserve ~~63~~
Dnepr-Teterev State Forest and Hunting Preserve 64
Valess'ye State Fox�est and Hunting Preserve 6!}
Kanevsk State Forest Reserve ~4
� Carpathian State Forest Reserve � 55 ~
Crimean State Hunting and Game Preserve
Lugansk State Forest Reserve with strel'tsovskaya steppe
- and Kondrashevskope forestry branches ~6 ~
Mys Mart'yan State Forest Reserve 67
Poless'ye State Forest Re~erve g~
Ukrainian State Steppe Forest Reserve . 68
Black Sea State Forest Reserve 6~
Yalta State Mountain-Forest Reserve 69
Estonian SSR 69
_ Viydu-Myae S'~ate Forest Reserve 69
~ Vil'sandiyskiy State Fo~est Reserve ~
Matsaluskiy State Forest Reserve
Nigulaskiy State Forest Reserve ~ ~p
Forest Reserves Organized in 1976 � 72
Kabardino-Balkarskiy Stste For~st Reserve 72
Malaya Sos'va State Forest Reserve 72
- Vrangel' Island State Forest Reserve 72
Sayan-Shuahen State Forest Reserve 73
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; � (Text] The crea~fon of forest reserves where standard natural complexes are con-
i served to study the natural course of natural processes plays an important role in
the system of qovern:nent conservation measures i.n the USSR. The objects of con-
~ ~ sexvation in .forest reserves are both ecosystems capable of self-regulation and
self-reproduction (i.e., those in which different trophic levels and blocks are
repres~nted so fully that a natural course of processes of exchange of matter and
energy is provided) and repraducible ecosystems, but incapable of self-reproduction
, and self-regulation due to the s~all dimensions of the territory and the powerful
L' anthropogenic effect on the part of surrounding territories. Study of the princi-
~ ples of processes in complex natural systems may yield results only if the state Af
these proc,~sses are recorded at individual moments of th~eir development, which re-
qu~.res continuous scientific research work. According to this, forest reserves
are reqional scientific research institutions with a staff of scientific workers
and the corresponding equipmsnt that supports conducting of stationary multiple
' research over a period ot years. Scientific investiqations in forest reserves are
' directed toward study of objects of nature and natural complexes to substantiate
methods of efficient u~e of nature.
Any kind of groduction activity is prohibited on forest reserve territories. Mass
excursions to forest reserv~es by nonspecialists are not authorized. A protection
zone within which economic r.ctivity is limited (only those forms of it are per- ~
mitted whi.ch do not inflict haL-m on the natural complexes of the forest reserve)
: is established around the forest reserve territory.
'i'here are r.ow 108 forest reserv~es (includinq game-hunting res~rves) with a total
; area of 7.8 million hectares in the USSR. During the last 10 years 26 forest re-
I serves on an area of more than three million hectares have been newly organized
~ and restored.
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The activity of forest r~serves is frec~uently and validly linked to protection of ~
rare animals, birds or plants.
Only se+reral pairs of nutrias remained in the Voronezh' Forest Reserve at the time
it was ~~rganized. During the 50 years that this forest reserve has been in exist-
ence, m~re than 3,000 nutrias have bee~. taken from it and resettled i.n 73 regions
of our country. We now count approxima~ely 70,000 of these animals.
At thp moment the Barguzin Forest Reserve on Lake Baykal was orqanized, it was in-
. habited: by no more than 20-30 sables that sheltered in inaccessible rocky placer
deposit:s. Within 15 years the sables populated the entire prohibited taiga and
began t:o s~read rapidly through the Transbaykal region.
Great white herons and pelicans were almost completely destroyed in the Volga delta ~
~ duri.ng the years preceding organization of th~ Astrakhan' Game Reserve. There is
now an abundance of life there, an unceasing hubbub of birds and thousands of birds
now nest in treeg, countless green islands and on sandbars. �
Only a; little more than 100 wild reindeer remained'in the Lapland tundra on the
IGola Peninsula at the moment the Lapland Garme Reserve was created and there are now
more than 20,000 of them. ~
The Amur tiger is considerably obligated for its existence to the Sikhote-Alin' and
other fozest reserves in the Far East, the Asiatic wild ass owes its existence to
the Badkhyzy Game Reserve in Turlaneniya and the Bukhara deer owes its existence to
the game r~serves in Tadzhikistan. Hunc3reds of thousands of wintering swans, geese,
ducks and other aquatic fowl have ~ound quiet refuges in the game reserves on the
Caspian Sea. This list could be continued not only for animals but for plants as
well, recalling the preserved groves of yews, foxtree, the unique nut forests
~ of the Tyan'-Shan' and the pistachio forests of Turkmeniya.
Game zeserves are of great significance as scientific centers for study of nature.
Methods ~f conservatian, restoration and efficient use of valuable cammercial ani-
mals (sable, nutria, reindeer and elk) and many species of birds are developed �
~.successfully. in~them= much has been done to restore oak, beec'~., cedar and nut for-
ests; extensive work has been done to study the change of natural resources with
regard to construction of hydroongineering facilities and reclamation measuLes and
other forms of economic~activity.
More tran 600 scientists and specialists work in game reserves and just as many
scierrtists of other scientific institutions participate actively in the scientific
research of game reserves. ~
Historically established natural ecosystems retained the capability of self-regu-
lation and sel�-reproduotion in ~uch game reserves as the Caucasus, Kronotskiy and
~ Sikhote-Alin'. Tk.e territories of these re~erves are sufficiently vast and sys-
tems of surroundi~:lg territories x~lated to them ecologically contribute to the
normal functiQn ~~f the ecosystems and the protected zones perform buffer funetions.
The regime in these game reserves is directed primarily toward maintenance of
quiet and the natural course of natural processes.
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Reproducible systems, but incap~ble of autonomous self-Yegi:lation due to the lim-
ited composition of ecosystems, the small dimensions of the territory and the pow-
erful anthropoaez.ic pressure on the part of tne transformed surroundi.ng territories
~ are conserved in many game reserves. For example, changing hydrological conditions
can in some cases alter the water regime of an entire region, facluding the terri-
tory of the gan~e reserve located in this region. The active interference in the
fate of natural cc:~iplexes by artificial regulation of natural phenomena inherent to
these complexes in ~andisturbed conditic~ns (restoration of the hydrological regime
disturbed by reclamation, res~oration of basic types of forest on areas timbered in
the past and so on) arises in this regard.
- Ecosystems of anthropogenic landscapes formed on the location of destroyed natural
landscapes are conserved in some game reserves. The regime in this c~roup of pro-
tected territories is directed toward providing optimum conditions f.or restoration
of natural complexes.
Creation of new forest reserves in Arctic zo:~es, the tundra, northern taiga, in the
steppes, deserts and waters of the seas and oceans ~is planned during the next 10-
15 years. The primary problem should be creation of 40-45 qame reserves on an area
of 4.5-5 million hectares in these zones so that the total number of game reserves
in the country comprises Z45-150 and the territory of these reserves compr~ses no
less than 12-13 million hectares.
~ The project to form a global network of biosphere game reserves as standard systems
of the basic b;omes of earth, storehouses of the entire variety of the planet's
genetic material, background stati~ns for observation of the global state of the
environment and the bi~logical components of the correspondinq section of the bio-
sphere occupies a prominent positic~n in the program of international cooperation
"Man and the Biosphere" now being implemented. The principles of Soviet game re-
serves are the basis of the criteria for selection, the structure and functions of
biosphere game reserves.
Besides the game reserves in our country, there are several game-hunting reserves
create d to protect the main natur~.l complex. Along with them, work is being im-
plemented to propagate and improve the habitation conditions of predatory animals,
including diverse bioengineering, forest management and other measures. Strictly
regulated hunting is authorized in these reser~?es with the increasing population
of wild game.
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BRIEF INFOFd~iATION ON TF~ GAME RESERVES OF THE USSR
[Text] The Azerbaijan SSR ~
The Bastuchay State Game Reserv~e (Azerbaijan SSR, Zangelanskiy Rayon)
It was organized in 1974 with an area of 117 hectares. It is subordinate to the
State Committee cf the Council of Ministers, Azerbaijan�SSR for Environmental Pro-
tection (scientific investigations have only begun there wit~ regard to the fact �
. that the reserve was recently established).
The Gek-Gel' State Game Reserve with E1'dar Pine Branch (Azerbaf.;an 5SR, Kirovobad,
ulitsa K,ommunisticheskaya, 294)
It was organized in 1925, has existed since eS6arenforest areatandtl0 hectares
area is 7,131 hectares of which 3,896 hectar
are reser~roirs. It is located in the northeastern part of the Minor Caucasian
Ridge at an altitude of 1,OA0-3,600 meters above sea level.
~ It is subordinate to the State Commi.ttee of the Azerbaijan SSR Council of Ministers
for Environmental Protection.
Deciduous forests and subalpine meadows, uniq~ueon)~andxyew groves are typical for
- unique grove of E1'dar pine (in I~enlarsk y Y
the forest reserve. The fauna is typical for the northeastarn part of the Lesser
Caucasus. The wild goat is found among rare species. . .
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is study of the nat~ral landscapes of
tYie Lesser Caucasus, reacclimat~zation of the Caucasian red deer, development of
methods of conservation and study of the ~ique stand of E1'dar pine and also the
biogeoc:enoses of lakes Gek-Gel' and Moral-Gel'.
- The Girkan State Forest Reserve (Azerbaijan SSR, Lenkoran', Tea Sovkhoz Avrora,
ulitsa Lenina, 2)
It was organized in 1936, has existed since 1969 within current boundaries and its
area is 2,900 hectares. It is located on the subtropical Lenkoran'lowland and in
the lower mountain belt of the Talysh.
,It is subordinate to the State Co~nittee of the Azerbaijan SSR Council of Ministers
for Environmental Protection.
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The territory of the forest reserve can be divided into three landscape belts:
lowland (up to 200 meters above sea level), foothills (up to SOO~meters) and low-
- mountain (up to 1,000 meters above sea level). The vegetation of the lowland
section is most abundant and diverse.
The flora of the forest reserve numbers 1,900 species, of which 162 are endemic,
95 are rare and 38 are endangered species. The main varieties of rel;c forests
are of the qirkan type--Persian ironwood, silk tree, wing nut, elm, chestnut-leaved
oak, Caspian honey-locust, girkan fig, smooth-leaved elm and bearded alder; the
silk tree predominates in the lowland belt= fern, deer tongue and sedges dominate
in the ground cover. Hornbeam, beech and walnut are the prevalent varieties in
the foothills belt; groves of Persian ironwood have been maintained.
Endemic and relic species of animals, especially among mollusks and insects, are
numerous. The green-bellied lizard and the girkaxi subspecies of birds are inter-
esting. The appearance of the leopard in the forest reserve, which was recently a
permanent inhabitant here, is possible.
The scientific profile of the reserve is study of problems of restoring ancient
endange�red varieti~s: Persian ironwood, che~tnut-leaved oak, silk tree and also
the ecology of individual species of animals.
The Zakataly State Forest Reserve (Azerbaijan SSR, Zakataly, Plats, 2)
~ It was organized in 1929 with an area of 25,218 hectares, of which 15,772 hectares
' is forest area and 48 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the southern �
slopes of the Great Caucasian Ridge at an altitude of 650-3,646 meters above sea ~
level.
' It is subordinate to the State Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR Council of Ministers
~ for Environmental Protection.
~ A mountain-forest landscape of deciduous trees, high-altitude thin forest with sub-
alpine high-altitude grasses and subalpine and alpine meadows is typical for the
forest reserve.
More than 75 percent of the forests of the reserve consist of beech forests. 7he
main forest-forming varieties are oak, beech, Y:ornbeam, linden, maples, ash, ~
smooth-leaved elm, chestnut, walnut and so on in the lower part of the forest belt;
dogwood, filbert, cornel, medlar, wild myrobalan, dewberry and rh~dodendron
predominate in the shrub belt. The central-altitude belt is represented mai.nly by
beech plantations. The flora of the forest preserve numbers more than 1,000 spe-
cies. The common yew is found among rare plants; gean, apple, pear, mountain ash,
aspen, birch, alder and so on are found in the forest belt.
The fauna of the forest reserve is typical for the eastern part of the Greater
Caucasus. Such species as Caucasian tur, ~an?ois, the maral, roe deer, wild boar,
brown bear, otter, badqer, fox, weasel, stone and pine martens, common raccoon,
lynx, European wildcat, squirrel, European hare, fat dormouse, voles and so on are
typical. The bearded vulture, white-headed wlture, black wlture, Caucasian black-
cock, chough, alpine chough, great and lesser spotted woodpeckers, the shore lark,
nuthatch, cuckoo and so on are found among birds.
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The scientific profile of the forest preserve is the study of the flora and fauna
of the southern slopes of the~Great Caucasus and also high-altitude meadow and
mountain forest biogeocenoses.
The Kyzyl-Laqach State Forest Reserve (Azerbaijan SSR, Port I1'ich Station,
Nariman-Abad Village, 2)
It was organized in 1929 with an area of 88,000 hectares, of which 62,000 hectares
is a water basin. It is located on the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea. I~
includes Kirov Bay and part of the Lenkoran lowland.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Game
Reserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture ~
The relief of the greater part of the territos.y of the reserve is flatland and a .
small area is occupied by narrow ridges up to 10 meters high consisting of crags. '
The area of the shallow sea area is significant..
The following plant communities are typical for the forest reserve: a strip of
halophytes consisting of glasswort, knotted shvedka, sea asters (beyond the coastal
strip along the Great Bay), salt marsh meadows with prevalance of alkali grass,
reed beds and rushes, thickets of rushes with dewberry and camelthnrn, ephemeral
cereal qrass wasteland and wormwood, thickets of de~berry:pomegranates (Sara renin-
sula) and reed thickets frequently with scirpus and tamarisk. Aquatic vegetation
is abundarit: pond weed, milfoil, hornwort, wild c el er y, water ch~stnut, grass-
wrack, spiral widgeon grass and so on. The flora of the forest reserve numbers
approxfmately 250 species of flowering plants.
The fauna of the forest reserve is abundant. The reservoirs contain more than 30
. species of fish--herring, carp, pike-perch, mullet and more rarely the salmo~ and
' sturgeon fami.lies; the amphibians include the tree frog, lake frog, green toad and
so on. The reptiles include the Caspian and swamp tortoises, the comnbn zhelt~-
puzik, grass snakes, lizard snake, blunt-nosed viper and so on. The com~non animals
include the hedgehog, bats, jackal, fox, wolf, badger, Caspian seal, Transcaucasian
hare, rats, wles, nutria and wild bo~r. The forest reserve is inhabited by 248
speci~~ of birds, including the Indian gallinule, francolin, little bustard, the
great bustard, glossy ibis, spoonbill, buff-backed and squacco herons, night �
herons, great white heron ari~ little egret, coratorant, bald coot, widgeon, mallard,
pintail, gadwall, swan, flamingo, gray-lag gnd white-fronted geese, red-breasted
g~oose, peregrine falcon,steppe eagle~and so on.
The scientific prafile of the forest reserve is camplex study o~ the nature of the
shallow waters in inaritime reserveirs and adjacent sections af the coastline of the
southwestern Caspian Sea and also study of the wintering of birds, primarily of the
goose family, bald coots, flami.ngoes, francolin, little bustard and the great
bustard.
Pirkuli State Forest Reserve (Azerbaijan SSR, Shemakhinskiy Rayon, Yuriy Mamme-
daliyev Village, Pirkuli Post O~fice)
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It was organized in 1969 with an area of 1,521 hectares, including 1,362 hectares
of forest area. It is located on the southeastern slopes of the Great Caucasian
ridge.
It is subordinate to the State Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR Council of Ministers
for Environmental Protection.
Steppe foothills, high-altitude deciduous forests and subalpine thin forest and yew
groves are typical for the forest reserve. The flora include 45 rare and endemic
species. The Persian gazelle among the mammals inhabits the foothills.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is developing methods of pratectian
and restoration of the yew, study of the hydrolagical role of the forest and ~ievel-
oping methods of protection and multiplication of the Persian gazelle popuiation.
The Turianchay State Forest Reser,~ (Azerbaijan SSR, .~gdash, SU-18)
It was organized in 1958 wtth an area of 12,246 hectares, af which 5,031 hectares
are forest area. It is located in the steppe foothills of the ~reat Caucasus and
on the forest slopes of th~ Bozdag ridge.
- It is subordinate to the State Committee of the Azerbaijan SSI2 Council of Minist~rs
for P]nvironmental Protection.
Terebrinth-juniper thin forest, terebrinths, juniper, meadow-steppe qroupin5s,
~ beard grass steppe and tugai are typical for the forest reserve. The main varie-
ties forming the thin forest are terebrinth and junipers (polycarpic, Phoenician,
heavy-scented and more rarely the oblate). The Iberian oak, Georgian cnaple,
smooth-leaved elm and poplar grow in the forest reserve; the pomegranate, Ch~ist's
thorn, eastern honeysuckle, small-fruited cherry, Dahurian mudthorn, common smoke
tree, fir, sumac, jasmine and so on grow in the underbrush. The tugai is formed
of southern willaw, poplar, bearded alder, olive, dogwood, puckthorn, dewberry,
clomatis and so on.
The most widespread types of thin forest are terebrinth-juniper with jasmine with
moss=lichen cover and terebrinth-juniper with xerofil cover of friganoid type.
Thick grov~es of pomegranate and dewberry are common along the beds of ravi.nes and
the Turanchay River valley.
The forest reserve is inhabited by 15 species of mammals, 108 species of birds and
11 species of reptiles. The reptiles include tortoises (Caspian terrapin and
Grecian tortoise), common zheltopuzik, Caucasian lizard, yellow-bellied rat snake,
the~a~llared Contia and blunt-nosed viper. Amang the birds found are the rock
partridge, rock-dove, turtle-dove, falcon, griffon vulture, black vulture, green-
finch, rock bunting, black cap, thrush and so on. There are many bats--common bats
~ and horseshoe bats; there are wild boar, bear, badger, stone marten, jackal, lynx,
' European hare and so on.
~ The branches of the forest reserve are the E1'dar pine grove with an area of 300
_ hectares, located in the E1'dar steppe on the El'yarougi ridge (the world's only
natural growth of E1'dar pine--a relic of the Tertiary Period) and alsa a grove
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of terebrinth thin forest with an area of 100 hectares lo~ated in the Karabakha
steppe in Agdamskiy Rayon in the vicinity of Sul'tanbud Hills.
The scientific profile o� the forast reserve is developing methods of protection
and restoration of the biogeocenoses of juniper thin forest and study of the ecol-
ogy of xerophytic trees and shrubs.
Shirvan State Forest Reserve (Azerbaijan SSR, Sal'yanskiy Rayon, Yeni-IGend Village
Soviet, IQzalach Village)
It was organized in 1969 with an area of 17,745 hectares, of which 3,500 hectares
occupy reservoirs. It is located in the southeastern part of the Shirvan lowland.
It is subordinate to the State Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR Council of Ministers
for F~nvironmental Pxotection.
. Biocenoses of wornnwood-solonchak of semiarid land with ephemerals are typical for
the forest reserv~e. The Persian gazell3 among the mammals and the Indian galli-
nule, francolir~, great bustard and little bustard amonq rare species~of birds.are
found here. '
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to d~velop m~thods of protection ,
and reproduction of the Persian gazelle. ~ ~
The Armenian SSR .
~lfie Dilizhan State Forest Reserve (Armenian SSR, Dilizhan, Tbilisskoye shosse, 4j
It was organized in 1958 with an area of 23,071 hectares, of which 19,836 hectares
are forest area. It is lacated in Northern Armenia on the slop~s of spurs of the
Pambak, Badumi, Murguz and Areguni ridges (the Lesser Caucasian xidge).
It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forestry, Armenian SSR Council of
Ministers. . .
Natural complexes of the northern slopes of the Lesser Caucasian ridge are 'typical ,
'for the forest reserve. Approximately 87 percent of the territory is occupied by
forests. The ~revailing varieties.are Iberian and eastern oak (45 percent), east-
ern beech, hornbeam, maples (Georgian, redwood and Norway maples), elm, sharp-
leaved ash, hackberry, lindens (small-leaved lgme and Caucasian linden), aspen
and great sallow willow; walnut, apple, cherry, oriental hornbeam, juniper and so
on are found; dewberry, rasQberry, blackthorn, black haw, plum, oornel and so on
are common among sh�rubs. There are alsa small tracts of pine and a natural grove
of yew in the forest reserve.
The animal world is typical for mountain forests of the Lesser Caucasus. The
fauna contains such animals as the maral, roe deer, brown bear, Persian squirrel,
lynx, wildcat, otter and so oa; birds inclu3e the snow partridge, Caucasian black-
cock, keklik, comman partridge, quail, bullfinch, qrosbeak, black vulture, golden
eaqle, griffon wlture, goshawk, booted eagle and so on; the axis deer has been
established. ~
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The scie.ltific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of restorinq the
eastern oak and to study its natural restoration, to study ecosystems of the high-
~altitude vegetation belt and yew grove, to preserve in the natural state the natur-
al complex typical for the Lesser Caucasus and to study the ecology of the badger,
; bear, marten, roe deer and snow partridge.
~ The I~wsrovy State Forest Reserve (Armenian SSR, Araratskiy Rayon, Bedu Village,
' Kal'yana ulitsa, 7~)
~ It was organized in 1958 with an area of 23,267 hectares, including 10,000 hectares
of forest area. It is located on the southern horns of the Gegama ridge in the
Garni and Vedy River basins.
It is subordinate to the State Com~?ittee of Forestry, Armenian SSR Council of ~
Ministers.
~ Landscapes of three vertical belts of Southern Armenia--semiarid land, mountain
steppes and forests--are typical for the forest reserve. Plantations of oaks
(eastern and Iberian), juniper, ash, maple, lem, pear, birch and mountain ash.pre-
dominate in the forest belt; honeysuckle, warfaring tree, rose, hawthorne, wild
~ myrobalm and so on predominate in the underbrush. Large areas are occupied by
~ , juniper forests with a nu.xture of almond, hawthorne (black and silver), pear, wild
, myrobalm, w~alnut, poplar, barberry, cottoneaster and so onj pure plantations of
ash, maple, walnut and poplar are found.
More than 1,500 species of plants, including the Armenian hawthorne (endemic),
. volvalov eye (endangered species) and some other rare and endemic species grow in
the forest reserve. The fauna is represented by such species as the wild goat,
~uflon (rare), bear, leopard (rare), Transcaucasian mole-vole, Persian jird, the
snow vole and so on; the axis deer has become established. The forest reserve is
, inhabited by 120 species of birds, including the bearded vulture, black vulture,
booted eagle, wall creeper, rock nuthatch, comnon partridge, keklik and alpine
choughs the long-legged skink, neutral and rock lizards, trauch's yashchurka,
~ cQmmon zheltopuzik, slow-worm, blind snake, yellow-bellied snake, olive snake,
variegated snake and Transcaucasian snake, vipers (steppe and Armenian), blunt-
nosed viper and so on are found among reptiles= amphibians include the green toad,
frogs (lake and T�ranscaucasian), tree frog and so on. The brook trout, Kurinskiy
barbel, bystryanka, common loach, khramul~a and so on swim in the rivers of the
forest reserve. ~
The scientific profile of the forest reserve it to study the ecosystems of typical
landscapes of southern Armenia, to develop methods of protection and to study the
mouflon and wild goat and to study the natural forests typical for the southern
part of Armenia.
Belorusskaya SSR
State Forest-Hunting Reser~e Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belorusskaya SSR, Bretskaya
Oblast, Post Office, K~amenyuki )
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In 1957 the forest reserve, which has been in existence since 1940, was traas-
formed in~to a forest-hunting reserve with an area of 87,447 ha, of which 77,148 ha
areforest area and 293 ~a are reservoirs. It is located in Bretskaya and Gradnin-
skaya Oblasts alanq the state border with Poland.
It is subordinate to the Administration of Affairs, Belorussiari' SSR Council of
- Ministers.
Almost 90 percent of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forests; a variety
of forest plantations of different composition and age is typical. There are 12
types of fcrest in the res~rve: pine forests, pine-fir forests, pine-oak forests,
horn beam-oak forests and swampy alder thickets with abundant undergrowth and so
onj it numbers 21 ancient varieties, including pine (it occupies approximately~50
per cent bf the territoxy), fir, alder, oak~ ash, horn beam, birch 3nd so on.
Among herbaceous plants, heath, whortleberry, bog whortleberry, cranberry,~Kcrean
rhododendron, sphagnum moss, marsh marigold, reeds, bullrushes, horsetail, sedges,
nettles, asarabacca, herb robert and ferns predominate. Currant (black and red),
choke-cherry, filbert, spindle-tree, bramble, wayfarinq tree, willows aa~d so on are
usually found in the undergrowth. A total of 836 species of higher plants Y,as"been
recarded in Belovezhkaya Pushcha. �
The fauna is typical for the forests.of Eastern Europe. A total of 53 species of
mammals, 212 species of birds, 11 species of amphibians and 7 species of reptiles
is known; European bison, elk, European deer, roe deer,.wild boar, wolf, lyn:y_,
hares--comnon hare and mountain hare, nutria (reacclimatized), muskrat, farest
dormouse, fat dormouse, common dormouse, squirrel, yellow-neck field mause, canmon
forest mouse, harvest mouse, m41e, shrew and so on are encountered. There are
usually hazel hens,great grouse, grouse, canary, white and black storks, three-
toed woodpecker, Ural owl, barred warbler, peregrine falcon, hobby, buzzard, lesser
spotted eagle and also black kites and common~kites, goshawks, booted eagle, har-
rier and.so on are common.~ Frogs (tree frogs, pond frogs, common frogs and sharp-
nosed), toads (gray, green and reed), toad frogs, fire-bellied frogs, lizards
(sand and viviparous), snakes, vipers, smaoth snakes and aquatic turtles are found
, among amphibians and reptiles.
The scientific profile of the forest-hunting reserve is to develop methods of con-
servation and reproduction of the flora and fauna of coniferous-deciduous forests,
to study the consequences of economic activity in adjacent areas and to study and
to breed the European bison.
Berezino~State Forest Reserve (Belorusskaya SSR, Vitebskaya Oblast, Lipel'akiy
Rayon, Kraytsy Village)
It�was.organized in 1925 and the area is 76,201 ha, of which 58,183 ha are forest
area and 1,836 ha are reserv~irs. It is located in the northern part of the Belo-
_ russkaya SSR, in Minskaya and Vitebskaya Oblasts.
. It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Game Reserves
and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
There is a diverse combination of ineadow and forest assaciatioas and an abundance
of rivers and lakes in the forest reserve. Forests occupy 56,500 ha or 77 percent
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of the territory. The predominant variety is pine (42 percent). The most
widespread types of forest and spindle-shaped pine, green-leaved pine, pine-
birch forest with a mixture of fir, fir-pine and birch, oak forests with brushy
' undergrowth, fir-whortleberry and fir-deciduous; black alder forests with
birch, fir, ash and oak are predominate on peat soils. There are many mush-
rooms, especially cep Boletus, maslyat, lisehek, gruzdey, those growing in pine
~ forests and birch forests and berries--strawberries, brambleberries, cranber-
ries, bog whortleberries, and currants (red and black).
~ The fauna includes 52 species of mammals, approximately 200 species of birds,
5 species of reptiles, 8 species of amphibians and 30 species of fish. There
are usually European bison, elk, roe deer, red deea- (imported in 1956) in the
reserve; the brown bear, wolf, fox, raccoon-dog (introduced in 1963), badger,
pine marten, forest polecat, weasel, ermine, otter, mink and lynx are inhab-
itants among the predators.
- Fifteen species of bats are found in the forest reserve and the common noctule
and hairy-armed bat, the great bat and long-eared bat are most common; the
hedgehog, shrew and mole are found among insectivores. One of the indigenous
populations of nutria has been preserved; the black stork and osprey have bee~n
preserved among rare birds and grouse and great grouse are abundant.
~ The scientific profile of the reserve is to study coniferous and deciduous
forest, sphagnum swamps and other natural complexes of the Upper Bereziny low-
land and to detennine the hydrological role of swamps in the headwaters of the
Bereziny River and to study the biology of the nutria, elk, great grouse,black
grouse, and other valuable species of animals.
Pripyatskiy Landscape-Hydrological State Forest Reserve (Belorusskaya SSR,
Gomel'skaya Oblast, Zhitkovichskiy Rayon, Turov, ulitsa Kirova, 32)
It was organized in 1969 as an area of 60,767 hectares. It is located in the
southern part of Gomel'skaya Oblast on the territory of three administrative
rayons--Zhitkovichskiy, Petrikovskiy and Lel'chitskiy--on the south bank of
the Pripyati River in its middle course. It occupies the central part of the
Belorussian Poles'ye.
' It is subordinate to the Ministry of For.~st Management, Belorussian SSR.
Approximately 78 percent of the territory of the forest reserve is covered
with forests and approximately 15 percent is occupied by swamps. Pine, oak
- and birch predominate in the forests and linden, maple, elm and hornbeam are
found in smaller quantities; filbert, black haw, spindle-tree, buckthorn, dew-
berry and raspberry are found in the undergrowth. There is a total of approx-
imately 684 species of plants in the forest reserve, including 12 rare species.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 50 species of mammals, 256 species of
birds (including 7 rare species), of which 193 species are nesting birds, 8
species of reptiles, 13 species of amphibians and 34 species of fish. The
elk, roe deer, wild boar, fox, raccoon-dog, marten, lynx, wolf, ermine, weasel,
polecat, mink, otter, muskrat, nutria, squirrel and European hare are found
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among animals; the birds inc~.ude the great grouse, grouse, mallard, gadwall,
pochards (red-crested and white-eyed duck), golden-eye, bald coot, common
snipe, swazi, common redshank, eagle owl, tawny cwl, kite and so on.
7'he scientific pr~ofi~~ of the fores~t reserve is to work out methods of pre-
serving the landscape-hydrological coqnplex of the central part of the Belo-
russian Poles'ye and to study �~:he effect of reclamation of the Poles'ye low-
land on the hydrolocigal regime, climate, vegetation and animal world of the
Poles'ye.
Georgian SSR
Adzhametskiy State Forest Reserve (Georgian SSR, Mayakovskiy Rayon, Vartsikhe
' Post Office) �
It was orqanized in 1946 with an area of 4,848 hectares, of which 4,794 hec-
tares are forest area. It is located in Western Georgia in the Kolkhidskaya
lowland in the Rioni River valley. .
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
~ attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers. '
The forest reserve includes uniqtie tracts of oak (imeretinskiy, Hartwis and
Iberian) and elm zelkova. Ash and Caucasian pear are found in the oak forests
and hawthorn, hornbeam, medlar, Pontian Ruscus, rose and so on are numerous
among shrubs. ~
Roe deer, the Persian squirrel, the jackal, badger and others inhabit the
forests.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural complexes
of oak forests a.ad. to work out forest-protective and forest-restoration mea-
sures to preserve and restore oaks (imeretinskiy, Georgian and Hartwis) and
also the relic grove of elm zelkova.
Algeti State Forest Reserve (Georgian SSR, Tetritskaroyskiy Rayon, Manglisi
Post Office, ulitsa Kurortnaya, 21)
It was organized in 1965 with an area of 5,910 hectares, of which 5,055 hec-
tares is for~est area. It is located in the Algeti 12iver cut on the eastern
spurs of the Trialetskiy ridge. ~
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of G am e Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgia.n SSR Council of Ministers.
The predominant plantations of the forest reserve are oriental spruce and
Nordmann fir in combination with oak, red maple, pears and other varieties.
The maral, roe deer, wild boar, brown bear, stone marten and others are pre-
served here among the rare mammals of Georgia.
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The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the population of
oriental spruce on the southern.boundary of the distribution area and its re-
lationships to other forest varieties on the edge of the distribution area
- and also to study the ecology of the roe deer, marten, bear, maral and other
species of animals.
~ ~ Batsara-Babanaurskiy State Forest Reserve (Georgian SSR, Akhmeta, ulitsa
Rustaveli, 45)
It was organized in 1935 but until 1960 consisted of two forest reserves--
the Batsarskiy and Babanaurskiy. It has existed in its current boundaries
since 1960 with an area of 3,809 hectares. It is located in the southern
foothills of the eastern part of the Main Caucasian Ridge in the region of
~ the Kakhetinskiy mountains.
' It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
Mixed deciduous forest and the largest tract of elm zelkova in Georgia--a
relic of the Tertiary period, grow on the territory of the former Habanaurskiy
Forest Reserve. Elm zelkova forms pure plantations or is found in a mixture
with other varieties: oak, hornbeam and maplc.: oriental hornbeam, hawthorn,
common privet, rose and dogwood are found in the undergrowth. There is a
unique tract of yew 400-700 years old in the belt of beech forests on the
- territory of the former Batsarskiy forest reserve; yew plantations mixed with
beech, maple, ash, linden and other varieties, with abundant and varied under-
' growth formed mainly by cherry laurel and holly, are found.
The fauaa of the forest reserve is typical for the mixed forest belt of the
eastern part of the Main Caucasian Ridge. It a~so includes such animals as
the stone marten, Caucasian brown bear, roe deer and chamois.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and study of the elm zelkova and its relationships to other varieties and
, also of the yew tract and of the animals inhabiting it.
! Borzhomi State Forest Reserve (Georgian SSR, Borzhomi, Likani village)
' It was organized in 1935 with an area of 18,048 hectares, of which 15,863 hec-
I tares are forest area and 18 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the
southeastern slopes of the Meskhetskiy Ridge.
It is subordinate to the t4ain Administration of Game Pr�eserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
Colchis type fo.rests of the Tertiary period consisting of chestnut, oak, beech,
hornbeam with elm, ash, maple, yew, apple, pear and others are ~reserved in
the forest reserve; there are many lianas--ivy, d~wberry, clematis, old man's
beard and grapevine. Among the shrubs should be noted holly, docks, Pontian
~ rhododendron, cherry laurel, Ruscus and so on. Oriental spruce and fir grow
cn the shaded slopes; pine forests of hackly pine and pine with a mixture of
~ ~ 13
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birch occupy a considerable area; there are alpine and subalpine meadow
groupings.
The fauna of the forest reserve is typical for the foothills of the Western
Caucasus. Rare animals for Georgia such as the Caucasian brown bear, lyn~,
European wildcat, badger, maral, roe deer, chamois, Persian squirrel and the .
Caucasian salamander, endemic to the western Transcaucasus, are found here.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop me~"�:ods of protec-
' tion of the vegetation and animal world of the Meskhetskiy Ridge, to study
their relationships and also to develop biological methods of insect control
--forest pests.
Vashlovanskiy State Forest Research (Georgia.n'SSR, Tsitelitskaro, ulitsa
Rustaveli, 25)
It was organized in 1935 with an area of 4,868 hectares, of which 4,069 hec-
tares is forest area. It is located on the Shirkoneskoye Plateau at the end
~ of the Tsivi-Gamborskiy Ridge in the eastern part of Georgia.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
The forest reserve contains pistachio, juniper and pomegranate forests with ~
Christ's-thorn, barberry, willow-leaved pear, gean, jasmine, small-fruited `
cherry, Iberian honeysuckle, ephedra and other varieties.
_ Thin pistachio forests are distributed at a height of 300-400 meters above ~
sea level on level contours of the relief; thin aris pistachio and juniper
forests are found on the slopes at a height of 150-800 meters above sea level
and pure stands of savin are found on slopes with northern exposure. The pis-
tachio, three species of juniper, hackberry, long-stemmed oak, Sosnovskiy pop-
lar, smooth-l.eaved elm, olive, Christ's-thorn, Pallas bucktYiorn, jasmine and
so on should be noted among ancient shrubs.
There are approximately 550 species of higher plants in the forest reserve,
of which there are 41 species of trees and shrubs; there are 40 species of
plants endemic to Georgia.
The fauna includes 17 species of mammals, 60 species of birds and 18 species
of amphibians and reptiles. The mammals include the striped hyena--a rare
animal in our country; the Caucasian brown bear, lynx and wild boar are com-
mon. The bird fauna is represented by both forest and steppe species. The
blunt-r~osed viper, cat snake'and lizard snake, four species of racers, the
Grecian tortoise and others are numerous among reptiles.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of pre-
servation and to study the relic vegetation of "light forests pistachio,
juniper, hackberry, turanga, pomegranate and others and also to develop
methods of preservation and to study the striped hyena and a number of reptile
species.
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Kintrishskiy State Forest Reserve
(Georgian SSR, K~obuleti Post Office, ulitsa Leselidze, 4)
It was organized in 1960 with an area of 6,983 hectares. It is located in
, Itpbuletskiy Rayon,. Adzharskaya ASSR, on the northwestern and western slopes
; of the Meskhetskiy Ridge in Western Georgia.
1~ It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
~ attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
The forest reserve includes relic forests of the Tertiary period: chestnut
and beech with evergreen undergrowth, endemic ferns, tdedvedev's birch, Pontian
oak, sweet ba}, common yew, Ungern's rhododendron and others. The main tree
species is eastern beech, which forms different types of forest with cherry
laurel, bilberry and rhododendron; more than 1,000 species of flowering plants
' are known.
The mountain fauna of Colchis type includes the Caucasian brown bear, badger,
jackal, Persian squirrel, chamois, roe deer, snow partridge and other animals.
~ The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop rnethods of protec-
tion and to study the Colchis relic forests and the animal world of this nat-
ural complex.
~ Colchis State Forest Reserve
- (Georgian SSR, Khobskiy Rayon)
It was organized in 1935 and has existed since 1959 in its current boundaries
with an area of 500 hectares, of which 342.5 hectares are forest area. It is
located in Potiyskiy Rayon in the swampy part of the Colchis lowland on the
banks of the Pichori River and Lake Paleostomi.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
~ attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
Swampy forests of Colchis type and stands of relxc bearded alder are typical
for the forest reserve. The roe deer and wild boar are found among large
animals.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the flora and
fauna of the ~olchis lowland with regard to reclamation and agricultural de-
. velopment of the territory.
Lagodekhi Order of Badge of Honor State Forest Reserve
(Georgian SSR, Lagodekhi)
, It was organized in 1912 with an area of 17,668 hectares, of which 12,648 hec-
tares are forest and 9 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the southern
15
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slopes of the eastern part of the Main Caucasian Ridge in the Alazani River
basin.
It is subordinate to the Main Administra~ion of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to th~e Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
There are several waterfalls in the forest rebe~ve and there is a lake of
glacier origin and sulphur springs.
The main vegetation formations are oak-hornbeam (with a mixture of beech,
chestnut, ash, elm and other varieties) and beech forests with subalpine
and alpine vegetation. The main forest-forming varieties are Caucasian horn-
bea.~n, redw~ood maple, eastern oak, birch and eastern beech.
Approxi.mately 1,400 species of flowering plants have been recorded on the
~ territory of the forest reserve; there are 12 endemic species (Julia's prim-
. rose, Mlokosevich's peony, Lagodekhi gentian and so on). A total of 15 rare
~ and disappearing species of plants: Shovits's lily, Lagodekhi peony, Turkish
filbert, common elder, alpine violet and others are noted in the beech forest .
belt.
~ Among the fauna are 38 species of mammals, including the Caucasian tur, cham-
ois, maral, roe deer, wild boar, brown bear, pine and stone martens, lynx,
~ forest cat and others; there are approximately 50 species of birds (snow
- partridge, Caucasian blackcock and so on).
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the ecological
series of associatipns from the subtropics to the subniveal belt and study of
endemic species of plants and animals. . ~
Mariamdzhvarskiy State Forest Reserve ~
(Georgian SSR, Sagaredzho Post Office, Korukhskoye Hunting Industry) .
~ It was organized in 1935 with an area of 1,040 hectares, of which 949 hec~ares
are forest area. It is located in Sagaredzhoyskiy Rayon on the southern
slopes of the Tsivi-Gamborskiy Ridge.
It is subordinate to the Main Ac7cninistration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
Conifer and coni~er-deciduous forests with hornbeam, oak and birch and with
abundant undergrowth are typical for the forest reserve; natural pine planta-
tions are found in rock placers. The deciduous forests are formed of Iberian
. oak, hornbeam, oriental hornbeam, beech and other varieties.
The low-altitude,fauna of the southern slope of the main Caucasian ridge in-
cludes Iranian-Afghan and Indian elements. Among the large animals are found
the roe deer, maral, badger and others and among rare species to Georgia are
the Caucasian brown bear and Persian squirrel. ~
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i
; The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the ~cosystams of
ancient vegetation under conditions of periodic mud-laden torrents and ava-
, ~ lanches and also to study the biology and ecology of 5osnovskiy's pine.
~ Pitsundo-Myusserskiy St~te Forest Reserve
(Abkhazskaya ASSR, Pitsunda Post Office, ulitsa Gochua, 45j
I It was organized in 1966 and until that ti.me there were two forest reserves--
! the Myusserskiy (since 1946) and the Pitsunda (since 2~35). It has an area
of 3,771 hectares, of which 3,680 hectares are forest area. It is located on
the Black Sea coast on the territory Af Gudautskiy Rayon, Abkhazskaya A~SR
~ (Myusserskiye mountains, Cape Pitsunda).
` It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgian 5SR Council of Ministers.
i
' Limestone terraces that break off into the sea, groves with a predominance of
Iberian oak, beech and Caucasian harnbeam and alsc such varieties as Pitsunda
~ pine, chestnut, strawberry tree, Caucasian wing nut, alder and birch are typ-
' ical for the former Myusserskiy Forest Reserve. The undergrowth includes
Pontian rhododendron, rock-rose, dewberry, hawthorne, Caucasian ivy, dogwood,
medlar, barberry and holly.
A grove of relic endemic pi.ne and box, a mixed-deciduous forest and psammophyte
! vegetation have been preserved on Cap~ Pitsunda.
' The average height of Pitsunda pine is up to 27 meters, while individual trees
' reach a height of 40 meters or more; the average diameter is 0.5 meter, but
; there are pines with diameter cf approximately 2 meters. The plantation is of
' the same age--110-130 years. One of the interesting biological features of
i the pitsunda~pir~e is that this tree produces several verticils during a single
~ vegetation season. Pontian Ruscus, smoke tree, rock-rose, privet, Colchis
box, hornbeam, dogwood, serviceberry, mountain ash, rose and hornbeam-l~aver~ .
! honeysuckle dominate in Pitsunda pine groves. There is abundant undergrowth
and many lianas in the mixed-deciduous forest. The main ancient varieties
~ are linden, ash, and hornbeam. The flora of the forest reserve includes 480
~ species of plants, of which 9 are endemic, 28 are rare and 11 are disappearing.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 51 species of birds, among which are
the Colchis pheasant, the coal tit and others. The roe deer, wild boar, bad-
~ger, marten and Persian squirrel are found among the mammals.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and restoration of plantations of Pitsunda pine, starberiy tree, heath,
chestnut and Iberian oak and also to study the Black Sea flora and fauna.
Ritsa Stiate Forest Reserve
; (Abkhazskaya ASSR, Gagrinskiy Rayon, Pitsunda village, Kiparisovaya alleya, 8)
;
~
' 17
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It was organized in 1946 with an area of 16,167 hectares, of which 13,219
hectares are forest area and 209.7 hectares are reservoirs. It is located
on the southern horn of the main Caucasian ridge near Lake Ritsa.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers
The relief of the forest reserve is characterized by severe broken terrain and
large drops. The forests are hornbeam, linden and Colchis box; there are
groves of pine and eastern beech and subalpine forests of Nordmann fir, eas -
tern beech, Sosnovskiy's pine and oriental spruce. Pontian rhododendron,
filbert, laurel, cherry, holly, Caucasian bilberry and others predominate in
the undergrowth. Lake Ritsa is surrounded by beautiful alpine meadows; there
are many mineral sprinqs, trout inhabit the lake and whitefish have become
acclimatized.
The fores*_ reserve fauna is typical for the mountain forests of the Caucasus.
Among thE large animals are found the maral, roe deer, chamois and wild boar;
rare and valuable species of fauna include the Caucasian brown bear, the Cau-
casian tur, the Persian squirrel, Caucasian snowcock and the Caucasian
blackcock.
Z'he scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and to study the mountain landscapes of the Black Sea coast and the rich
mountain lake abundant with relic flora and fauna. ~
Saguramo State Forest Reserve
(Georgian SSR, Mikhetskiy Rayon, Saguramo village) ~
It was organized in 1948 with an area of 5,247 hectar~s, o� which 5,191 hec-
tares is forest area. It is located on the Saguramo ridge on the horns of
the southern slopes Qf the main Caucasian ridge. .
It is subordinate to the Main Aclministration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers. .
There are many relic Colchis varieties in the belt o~ oak forests of the re-
serve: Colchis box, bladder-nut, azaleas (rare species), Colchis ivy, yew and
also beech, hornbeam, wych elm, pear, holly, sumac and others. The main types
of forest are hornbeam, beech, beech-hornbeam, oak-hornbeam and oak-oriental
~ hornbeam. All the forests are distinguished by abundant species composition. ,
The fauna of the deciduous forests is typical for the southern slope of the
Main Caucasian ridge. It includes the maral, roe deer, Caucasian bear, forest
cat, lynx, beech marten, badger, jacka~ and Persian squirrel; approximately
200 species of birds have been noted. .
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and to study the relics of Colchis flora of the Tertiary period and also
to study the ecology of the red deer, roe deer, marten and bear.
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Satapliyskiy State Forest Reserve
; (Georgian SSR, Tskhaltubo)
; It was organized in 1935 and has existed in its current boundaries since 1958,
! with an area of 354 hectares, of which 352 hectares is forest.
I It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
~ attached to the Georgian SSR Council of Ministers.
r It is located on the southern slopes of the Main Caucasian Ridge in its south-
' western part. Karst caverns, wells, dinosaur fossils, an encampment of pre-
historic man and a crater of an extinct volcano are preserved in the forest
reserve.
i The reserve forests are Colchis type with yew, Colchis box, Colchis holly,
i laurel cherry, Colchis bladder-nut, beech and so on. There are 20 species of
endemic and rare plants in the forest reserve.
' The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the forest vegetation
of Colchis type, flora of the Tertiary period (holly, box, yew and so on) and
! fauna, to develop methods of protection and to study karst caverns, the vol-
! canic crater and other geological~and historical monimtents.
~
! Kazakh SSR
' Aksu-Dzhabagly State Forest Reserve
(Kazakh SSR, Chimkentskaya Obla.st, Tyul'kubassiy Rayon, Novonikolaevka
~ village)
I It was organized in 1926 with an area of 74,316 hectares, of which 10,377
hectares are occupied by reservoirs. It is located in the northwestern part
of the Talasskiy Alatau. .
~ It is subordinate to.the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
' attached to the Kazakh SSR Council of Ministers
There are 10 types of vegetation in the forest reserve: mountainous ephemeral
semiarid land, mountainous semi-savannahs, mountain steppes, foothill xero-
phytes (frigany), mountain deciduous forests, mountain coniferous forests,
' shiblyak (xerophilic trees and shrubs), meadow-swamp vegetation, cliff and
~ talus vegetation, niveal vegetation and high and creeping juniper. The high-
altitude vegetation belts of the Western Tyan'-Shan' are well marked: from
the tall-grass semi-savannahs and savins to high-altitude meadows and steppes.
The flora, which includes more 1,300 species, is abundant. Such plants as
cotoneaster (large-berried and black-berried), oblong quince, Reg~l's pear,
apples (Nedzvetskiy and Sivers), Persian mountain ash, hawthorns, yew, roses
i (10 species), wild myrobalan, almond (three species), cherry (three species),
~ choke-cherry, apricot, oblong barberry, Meier's currant, sea buckthorn, buck-
thorn and so on are common; there are many decorative plants, including tulips
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(Greig's and Kaufmann's), alatavy crocus, altay globeflower and golden
saf f ron .
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 238 species of birds, 42 species of
mammals, 9 species of reptiles and 2 species each of amphibians and fishes.
Among the animals, the Pamir argali, Siberian mountain goat, roe deer, maral,
wild boar, snow leopard, Africa:~ wildcat,~stone marten, ermine, badger, fox,
white-clawed bear, long-tailed marmot, Menzbier's marmot and others are of.
special interest.
Cliff representations of the Saxian period and imprints of animals and plants
of the Jurassic period are also known on the territory of the forest reserve.
The scientific profile of the reserve is to study the natural complexes of the
wes~ern Tyan'-Shan', paleontological investiations and to study the migrations
and nesting ecology of birds, the ecolpgy and population dynamics of mouse-
~ like rodents and th~ ecology and ethology of the long-tailed marmot.
Alma-Ata State Forest Reserve
(Kazakh SSR, Alma-Atinskaya Oblast, Talgar, Lebedinka village, Dorors Post ,
Office) ~
It was organized in 1931 with an area of 89,524 hectares. It is located in
the Zailiyskiy Alatu in the IIi River floodplain. ,
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Kazakh SSR Council of Ministers.
The zone nature of vegetation is well-marked in the forest reserve. Apple-
aspen, apple-hawthorne and apricot-apple groves located primarily along the
river valleys and ravines predominate in the lower forest-meadow-steppe zone.
Sea buckthorne, Russian wild olive, barberry prickly rose, raspberry, spiraea
and honeysuckle are abundant here. Sections of steppe vegetation are found
or: the slopes of southern exposure. Spruce groves~grow at an altitude of
1,450 to 2,600 meters above sea level, primarily on slopes of northern ex-
F~osure. These are thin, park-type forests; the undergrowth includes willows,
h~~neysuckle, mountain ash, prickly rose and others. Subalpine and alpine
meadows and meadow-steppes are well-represented in the forest reserve; rocky
deserts, rock placers and talus, bare cliffs, morain deposits and tugai are
found frequently; there is a unique "singing sand dune."
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 117 species of birds and 3a species
of mammals--the Siberian roe deer, maral, Siberian ibex, Pamir argali, wild
bdar, snow leopard, white-clawed bear and also the stone marten, sable (im-
ported), ermine, weasel, otter, badger, lynx, wolf, fox, Tolai hare, porcu-
pine, red squirrel, altay marmot and others. ~
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and complex study of the nature of the mountain landscapes of the Zailiy-
skiy Alatau, to study the ecological sys~ems of the vegetation zones--forest-
meadow-steppe, subalpine and alpine, and to study and protect the "singing
sand dune."
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Barsakel'mes State Forest Reserve �
(Kazakh SSR, Kzyl-Ordinskaya Oblast, Aral'sk)
It was organized in 1939 with an area of 18,300 hectares, It is located on
Lake Barsakel'mes in the Aral Sea in the northern desert zone.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Kazakh SSR Council of Ministers.
The landscape of the forest reserve is clay wormwood-biyurgunovaya desert
with sparse shrubs of saxaul, leaveless globe thistle, biyurgunom, meadow-
- grass, mortuk and others. Approximately 200 species of higher plants are
known.
The green toad, Horsfield's terrapin, squeaking gecko, takyr lizard, fast
lizard, the ornamented racer, the dart-snake and Pallas's mamushi are found
among amphibians and reptiles. The fauna includes 12 species of mammals: the
white-bellied white-toothed shrew, long-eared hedgehog, late noctule, grey
hamster, small five-toed jerboa, large-toothed suslik, wolf, fox, corsac fox,
saiga, Persian gazelle and Asiatic wild ass; there are 202 species of birds,
including wheatears, stone curlew, plovers (Kentish and Asiatic), Houbara
bustard, b].ack-bellied sand grouse, Pallas's sand grouse, swifts, sand mar-
ten, bee-eater, black-headed bunting, bearded tit, warblers, sheldrake and
others.
The scienti.fic profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and complex study of the nature of northern deserts and to study the
ecology and restoration of saiga, wild ass and Persian gazelle livestock.
Kurgal'dzhino State Forest Reserve
(Kazakh SSR, Tselinogradskaya Oblast, Kurgal'dzhino, ulitsa 40 let Oktyabrya,
22)
It was organized in 1968 with an area of 185,200 hectares, of which reservoirs
occupy 145,000 hectares. It is located in the lower reaches of the Nury and
Kulan-Utpesa Rivers. It occupies la;ces Kurqal'dzhin and Tengiz and the zone
adjacent to them with sections of wormwood-fiscu-feather grass steppes.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Game Preserves and Hunting
attached to the Kazakh SSR Council of Ministers. ~ .
The Tengiz-Kurgal'dzhin depression is a flight habitat of aquatic birds .
wintering over in India, Pakistan, on the Caspian Sea and also in northern
Africa and in southern E~ope. Birds of central and northern Kazakhstan and
of western and eastern Siberia gather here for moulting.
Lake Kurgal'dzhin with an area of 39,600 hectares is a system of reaches and
there are approximately 40 is lands on it. The lake vegetation is represented
by such species as common reed, bulrush, lesser reedmace, arrowhead, water
plantain, fennel pondweed and duckweed. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are
abundant.
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Lake Tengiz is an enormous sor and there are approximately 60 islands, many
sandbars and peninsulas on it. Saltwoods are located along the shores and
barilla grass and wormwoods predominate; spyrea, niter bush, dwarf almond and
dog rose are found among the shrubs.
There are 30 species of mammals in the forest reserve, includ~ng the korsak
fox, wild boar, saiga, hares (mountain and European), Himalayan marmot,
s~riped hairy-footed hamster, muskrat and others and.there are approx~mately ~
223 species of birds: flamingos, black-headed lauqhing gull, sea dove, demoi-
selle crane, bustard, scaup, ruff, white stork, scoter, black-throated diver,
red-breasted goose, spoonbill, oyster catcher, white-headed duck, sheldrake,
crane, bittern, mute swan and so on; there are approximately 27 species of
web-footed birds and more than 30 species of sandpipers.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study and develop methods
. of protecting nesting places, mass moulting and migration of birds and complex
study of desert steppes.
Naurzum State Forest Reserve ~
(Kazakh SSR, Kustanayskaya Oblast, Naurzumskiy Rapon, Naurzum Post Office)
It was organized in 1931 with an area of 85,642 hectares. It is located in a
vast depression that connects the w~st Siberian plane and the Turanskaya
lowland.
~ It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forest Management,Kazakh SSR
Council of Ministers. ~
The largest lakes of the forest reserve Aksuat, Zharkol', Karazhar, Sary- .
Moin and Shushkaly are an aquatic fowl reserve. The source for filling the
lakes are so-called crucian rivulets and minute channels of the spring runoff
of fall water. The relic Naurzum steppe pine forest and the tersek ribbon
pine forest are preserved in the forest reserve. The absence of forest spe-
cies in the grass cover and in the animal world is typical for the Naurzum ~
pine forest. Joanna's feather grass, sand wormwood, lyme g~ass and others
are typi~al among grass plants. Many aquatic birds--swans (whooper and mute),
geese, ducks and black-throated diver--appear in the forest reserve during
migration; such rare birds as the great and little bustards have also been
preserved here. �
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
ting the migration routes, to create a rest zone for migrating birds and to
restore the relic Naurzum pine forest.
Kirgiz SSR
Issyk-Kul' State Forest Reserve
Kirgiz SSR, Issyk-Kul'skaya Oblast, Anan'yevo village, ulitsa Pushkina, 68) ~
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- It was organized in 1948 with an area of 702,000 hectares of which.612,000
hectares are occupied by water basins and 90,000 hectares are dry land. It
is located in the Issyk-Kul' trough in the eastern part of the Tyan'-Shan'.
~ It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forest Management, Kirgiz SSR
~ Council of Ministers.
' The lowland section of the forest reserve is occupied by wormwood-fescu steppe,
' reed thickets, buckthorn thickets, barberry, dogrose and pea shrub. The moun-
tain section is covered with savan and Schrenk spruce.
~ The fauna of the forest reserve includes approximately 40 species of man�nals:
the snow leopard (a rare species), roe deer, maral, Siberian ibex, Pamir
g ali, Persian gazelle, wild boar and also the red squirrel, Tolai hare, mus-
krat and o.thers, approximately 20 species of birds, including pheasant, grouse,
red-crested pochard, bald coot, swan, white stork and so on, three species of
amphibians and approximately 20 species of fish, of which six are endemic and
five are introduced.
' The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study and develop methods
, of protecting the wintering locations of aquatic birds, pheasants and commer-
' cial fishes and in the mountain section of the forest reserve to study the
~ ecology of the roe deer and ibex (Siberian ibex).
Sary-Chelekskiy State Forest Reserve
' (Kirgiz SSR, Oshskaya Oblast, Dzhangi-Dzhol'skiy Rayon, Arkit settlement)
It was organized in 1960 with an area of 23,868 hectares, of which 8,748 hec-
tares are forest area and 611 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the
southwestern part of the Tyan'-Shan'.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration Nature Conservation,
Game Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
A total of 981 species of higher plants, including 52 endemic species to the
Tyan'-Shan', has been noted in the forest reserve.
The vegetation is unusually complex and diverse. The following types of vege-
tation have been determined in the forest reserve: deciduous forests, repre-
sented by formations of walnut, apple (Kirgiz and Sievers), sogdian myrobalan,
hawthorn (Turkistan, Songor and Altay), Turkistan maple, feather-limbed elm,
- poplars (balm-of-Gilead and laurel); the most widely distributed is the forma-
tion of walnut forests, spruce forests of Schrenk spruce (pure spruce, shrub-
spruce, birch-spruce, juniper-spruce and fir-spruce), savin groves (pure savin,
spruce-savin, maple-savin, prangos-savin and so on), deciduous shrubs repre- ~
sented by associations with predominance of pearl bush, willow, dogrose, hon-
eysuckle and so on, mountain semi-savannahs or savannah-like steppes repre-
sented by beard grass, desert-candle, lyme grass and prangos formations, ~
meadows formed of small-reed, eastern fescue, meadow grass, crane's-bill, �
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irises, willow-grass and so on and swamp vegetation represented by bulrush,
reed, small-reed and sedge swamps.
The forms of walnut, apple, pea, juniper, apricot, cherry, almond, grape and
so on are of great value. ~
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 41 species of mammals (includinq
five acclimatized), 157 species of birds, five species of reptiles and two
species of amphibians. Rare animals--the Pamir Argali, white-clawed bear and
� snow leopard--are of greatest interest. ~
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the nature
of mountain forests and meaclows of the southern Tyan'-Shan', study of the con-
ditions for restoration and preservation of the ecological systems of mountain
forests on reserve and nonreserve territories and development of inethods of
protection and restoration of walnut-fruit forests.
Latvian SSR
Grini ;~ate Forest Reserve (Latvian SSR, Liyepayskiy Rayon, Sakskoye ForE:stry)
~ It was organized in 1936 and has existed in its modern boundaries since 1957
with an area of 799 hectares. of which 689 hectares are forest area. It is
located in the maritime lowland of western Latvia along the Baltic Sea coast.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry and Tiunber Industry, Latvian ~SR.
Juniper pine forests and pine forests with birch are typical for the forest
reserve. The coastal strip overgrown with pine or birch with solid juniper
or qrass cover is called "grinis," hence the name of the forest reserve. Two
main types of grinis--sphaqnum-juniper that occupies elevated sections of the
relief and sedge-moorgrass on the low sections--are distinguished. The ancient
vegetation is very sparse, the pines are low-growing with stunted trunks and
the birches are also low-growing. Heath, moorgrass, bog myrtle, red whortle-
berry, bog whortleberry, sedges, loosestrife, devil's bit and so on are found
in the soil cover.
The typical animals of the Baltic area are the European deer, roe deer, pond
tortoise and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the ecosystems of the
unique location of growing cross-leaved heath and to develop methods of p.ro-
tecting and restoring it.
Moritssala State Forest Reserve
(Latvian SSR, Ventspilsskiy Rayon, Ugal.'skiy Lumber Management Industry)
It was organized in 1912 and has existed in its current boundaries since 1954,
with an area of 859 hectares.
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It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry and the Timber Industry, Latvian
SSR. �
The territory of the forest reserve includes the west~rn part of Lake Usma-
Luzikerte-Luzikerte Bay (776 hectares) and Moritsa Island on this lake (83
hectares). Luzikerte is separated fram the remaining part of the lake by
three islands.
~ The greater part of the island (79 hectares) is covered with virgin forest of
deciduous varieties with a mixture of birch, aspen, pine, European alder,
spruce and other varieties. Forest associations of oak, linden and maple
~ with thick undergrowth of filbert and choke-cherry and the biocenoses of the
maritime coast have been well preserved.
There are approximately 38 species of trees and shrubs on the island, more
than 350 species of grass plants, approximately 300 species of lichens, 123
species of moss, 297 species of mushrooms and 321 species of algae. Ye11ow
archangel, goutweed, woodruff, dog's mQrcury, may-lily, lily-of-the-valley,
stitchworts (wood and greater), common Solomon's seal, trientale, herb-paris,
beefsteak mushroom, bracken and so on predominat~ in the grass cover. Coral
root, ramsons (long-rooted onion), marsh violet, hollow birthw~ort, red-leaved
willow herb and so on should be noted among the species rare to the republic.
There are many birds in the forest reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to inventory the natural com-
ponents and to study the ecosystems of the island and bay.
Shlitere State Forest Reserve ~
(Latvian SSR, Talsinskiy Rayon, Dundaga settlement, Dundaga Lumber Management
Industry)
' It was organized in 1921 and has exis:ed in its current boundaries since 1957,
with an area of 9,409.7 hectares, of which 5,646.6 hectares occupy forests and
. 15 hectares occupy reservoirs. It is located in the northwestern part of the
~ Kurzem Peninsula on the Baltic Sea coast.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry and the Timber Industry, Latvian
SSR.
It is an escarpment of the ancient coast of the Litorinoye Sea and the Baltic
glacial lake and coastal terraces; the swamp and dune sections of the forest
reserve are covered with deciduous forests of ash, maple, oak, elm, European
alder and spruce with abundant undergrowth of filbe~,mountain ash, buckthorn
(black alder and common buckthorn), honeysuckle, spurge olive and so on. Male
fern, ostrich fern, goutweed, long-rooted onion and so on predominate in the
grass cover. Such species as common yew and ivy also grow here. Almost all
types of forest typical to the republic are represented in the forest reserve.
There are many escarpments and ravines and there are caves. The wild boar,
roe deer, nutria, mink, weasel, common dormouse, hedgehog, bats and so on and
many birds are found among the ani.mals.
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The scientific profile of the forest reserve is qeological, flora and fauna
investigations of the ecosystems typical for the maritime lowland.
Engurskoye Forest-Hunting Reserve .
(Latvian SSR, Tukumskiy Rayon, Selya Village Soviet of Wc~rker's Deputies)
It was organized in 1957 with an area af 4,400 hectares, including 3,230
hectares of reservoirs, 1,100 hectares of ine~dows and 70 hectares of forests.
It is located on the western coast of the Gulf of Riga.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry and the Timber�Industry, Latvian
5SR.
The Greb'i Peninsula and part of the thickly overgrown shallow Lake Engure
. are included in the territory of the forest-hunting reserve. The shores of
the lake are covered with pine and mixed forests. There are wet sedge meadows
overgrown in places with reeds and shrubs, on Greb'i peninsula.
Approximately 114 species of ~birds, including the mute swan and such rare
� species of birds to the republic as the white-tailed eagle, eagle owl and
' common crane, has been noted in the forest reserve fauna. The lake is abun-
dant with fish (pike, perch, carp, ide, eel and so on).� ~
The scientific profile is to study and develop methods of protecting aquatic
birds and to study the population ecology of a number of species of ducks by
mass tagging.of nestlings. ~
Lithuanian SSR
Zhuvintas Stat~ Forest Reserve
_ (Lithuanian SSR, Alitusskiy Rayon, Simnas Post Office) ~
~ It was~organized in 1937 and has existed in its current boundaries since 1951.
It has an area of 5,420 hectares, of which 1,211 hectares are forest area and
1,039 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the southwestern part of the
republic in the Dovins River basin.
It is subordinate to the Committee for E.hvironmental Protection attached to
the Lithuanian SSR Council of Ministers.
The territory of the forest reserve includes "Lake Zhuvintas, the surrounding
lowland and upstream swamps and the small, mainly marshy forest tract.
The fauna includes the following types of mammals: the common hedgehoq, des-
man, co~n mole, common shrew, water-shrew, pond and bearded bats, forest .
bat, wolf, fox, raccoon-dog, badger, pine marten, weasel, European polecat,
otter, wild boar; roe deer, elk, European hare, nutria, common squirrel, har-
vest mouse, water vole and voles and lemmings. The ornithological fauna is
abundant: 245 species h ave b e en recorded, including the mallard, pintail,
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teal, gadwall, shoveller, tufted duck, scaup, golden-eye, long-tailed duck,
scoter, smew, grey-lag goose, white-fronted goose, bean goose, mute swan,
terns, seagulls, gribs (great-crested and red-necked), bald coots~ sandpipers,
grouse, hazel hen, common crane, storks (white and black), qreat white heron
and so on. ~
The vegetation of the forest reserve is represented by formations of lesser
, reedma~e, common reed, pure white waterlily, yellow waterlilies, broad-leaved
pondweed and common water-soldier and there are algae beds. A total of 473 ~
species of plants, including 368 species of higher plants, has been found in
~ the forest reserve territory. Water-loving and aquatic vegetation is abundant
and diverse and there are many invertebrate animals.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study aquatic birds, to ~
develop methods of protection and reproduction of relic and rare species of'
plants and to st~idy the hydrological regime of the lake.
Moldavian SSR
Kodry State Forest Reserve
(Moldavian SSR, Nisporenskiy Rayon, Lozovo village)
It was organized in 1971 with an area of 2,737 hectaxes, of which 2,695 r_ec-
tares are forest area. It is located in the central part of Moldavia.
It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forestry, Moldavian SSR Council
of Ministers.
The territory of the forest reserve consists of one tract and is a typical
forest landscape of the central part of Moldavia. The main forest-forminq
varieties of the reserve are oaks (pedunculate and sessile), beech, common
ash, hornbeam, lindens (silver and small-leaved lyme), maples (Norway,. common
and sicamore), gean, birch, pear and others; the undergrowth contains filbert,
dogwood, warty-barked spindle-tree, hawthorn, cornel, European cornel and
so on; goutweed, wild ginger, long-rooted onion, sedges (hairy and parvian),
woodruff, violets (wonder and dwarf) and so on predominate in the grass caver.
There is a total of 615 species in the f lora of the forest reserve.
The fauna includes 70 species of mammals: roe deer, maral (acclimated), wild
boar, badger, fox, European hare, squirrel, European wildcat, marten, weasel,
polecat, common red-backed vole, hedgehog, mole, several species of bats and
others. There are 51 species of birds in the forest reserve, including the
stock-dove, wood-pigeon, wood-lark, jay, w~odpecker, nuthatch, tree creeper,
owl, golden eagles, imperial eagle, hawks (goshawk and sparrowhawk), spotted
eagles (greater and lesser) and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
~ tion and to study the natural complex of landscapes typical to central'
Moldavia.
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RSFSR
Altay State Forest Reserve ,
Altay State Forest Reserve
(Altayskiy Kray, Turochakskiy Rayon, Yaylyu settlement)
It was organized in 1932 and has existed in its current boundaries Since 1968. ~
It has an area of 863,861 hectares, of which 292,919 hectares are forest area
and 15,588 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the high-altitude part ~
of the Northeastern and Central Altay~within Turochakskiy and Ulganaskiy Ray-
~ ons of the Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers. .
Steppe, forest and alpine zones and a rocky tundra zone can be distinguished
in the forest reserve. The forests are fir, cedar-fir, cedar, cedar-deciduous
and deciduous. The main forest-forming variety is Siberian cedar. There are
many decorative species o� plants: peonies, delphiniums, orchids, gentians,
violets and so on. There are rhododendron thickets on the slopes of Telets-
koye Ozero. There is a total of 1,003 species in the flora of.the forest
reserve. '
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 64 species of mammals, 303 species of
~ birds and 10 species of amphibians and reptiles. Animals typical for the
~ mountain taiga of Southern Siberia are found: elk, maral, reindeer, Pamir .
~ Argali, snow leopard and also sable, great grouse, hazel hen, willow grouse, .
Altay snow-partridge and black stork. .
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural complex
of mountain-taiga forests of the Altay and the Priteletskaya taiga and the
vertical distribution of vegetation and the~animal world.
Astrakhan' Order of Red Banner of Labor State Forest Reserve imeni V. I. Lenin
(Astrakhan', Naberezhnaya reka Tsareva, 119)
~ ~ It was organized in 1919 with an area of 62,423 hectares, of which 4,715 hec-
' tares is forest area. It is located in the maritime part of the Volga River
delta and consists of three sections: Damchikskiy, Trekhizbinskiy and
Obzhorovskiy.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conser~ration, Game
Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The territory of the forest reserve consists of numerous islands divided by
~ tributaries that flow into shallow bays (kultuks). The islands are covered
with reed thickets and willow forests; there are sections of solonchak meadows
_ in the upper part of the delta. Vast sections occupied~by water vegetation;
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celery--a root plant for many valuable species of birds,and also lotus, water
chestnut and water fern, are found.
Many species of birds nest in the forest reserve: the mute swan, pelican,
herons (great white, little egret and squacco), grey-lag goose, bald coot,
' spoonbill, gZossy ibis and night heron; there are many cormorants and pheas~
ants and the Siberian crane is found during migration. Approximately 240
species of birds are counted in the f~rest reserve. Common carp and bull-
~ heads are numerous in the reservoirs; valuable commercial species (sturgeon,
% Caspian sturgeon and roach) appear during spawning.
The scientif ic profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the nature
of the lower reaches of the Volga River delta under conditions of fluctuations
of the Caspian Sea level, determination of the general principles of processes
in the ecological. systems of river deltas, the specifics of life under condi-
tions of a combination of reservoirs and lands, determination of ways and
~ methods of conservation, efficient use and enrichment of nature of the lower
reaches of the Volga River delta, maritime forests, reed thickets, fish re-
serves and aquatic and other birds. The Caspian Ornithological Station has
been organized within the forest reserve.
Baikal State Forest Reserve
; (Buryatskaya ASSR, Kabanskiy Rayon, Tankhoy settlement)
It was organized in 1969 with an area of 165,724 hectares, of which 121,766
hectares is forest area and 1,552 hectares is reservoirs. It is located on
the coastal terrace in tY~e southern part of Lake Baikal and IChamar-Daban
. ridge.
It is subordinate to the Main Ac~ninistration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The uniqueness of the climatic conditions of the forest reserve is explained
by the close proximity of Lake Baikal on the one hand and the Mongolian steppes
on the other. The climate of the southern slope of Khamar-Daban is more severe
and drier than the northern climate, with regard to which the vegetation of
the slopes is also different. A dark-coniferous complex--alternation of birch
~ groves, sphagnum swamps, spruce-cedar and fir-spruzce forests--predominates in ~
the northern half of the I~amar-Daban, park type fir groves in the subalpine
zone are replaced by rhododendron thickets and subalpine meadows and lichen
tundra are located higher up. Cedar-deciduous forests with steppe groupings
are located in the lower part of the southern slopes.
The flora of the forest reserve numbers 845 species; the fauna includes 37
species of mammals and 260 species of birds. The forest reserve is inhabited
by the maral, reindeer, musk deer, wild boar, roe deer, elk, lynx, sable,
brown bear and also the Siberian weasel, ermine, otter, wolverine, wolf, fox,
common hare, pika, squirrel, high-mountain vole and so on. The hazel hen,
great grouse (common and stone), grouse, partridges (alpine ptarmigan and
white), hawks (sparrowhawk and goshawk), hen-harrier, kite, kestrel, osprey,
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bearded owl, woodpeckers, thrushes, Siberian ruby-throat and so on; endemic
and rare species of birds include the swan goose, Naumann's thrush, Siberian
tit and blue nightingale. .
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural complex
of the coastal terrace of Lake Baikal and the I~amar-Daba; investigations are
also being conducted in theriology, ornithology and geobotany. ~
Barguzinskiy State Forest Reserve
(Buryatskaya ASSR, Severo-Baykal'skiy Rayon, Davshe settlement)
It was organized in 1916 with an area of 263,176 hectares, of which 248,176
hectares is forest area and 17,083 hectares is reservoirs. Yt is located on
the northeastern coast of Lake Baykal and the western slopes of the Barguzin-
skiy Ridge.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The high-altitude zone nature of vegetation is well marked in the forest
reserve due to the large drop of altitudes and brokenness of the relief. The
uppermost zone is occupied by bald peaks (more than half of the territory);
.sections are found here that are covered with lichens, green meadows of ~
caprezia and sedges and rocky tundra. Thickets of Japanese stone pine begin '
lower down and spots of lichens and stone birch are sometimes found. The
taiga zone, which extends to the shore of ~Lake Baykal,is located even lower ~
down. The upper part of this zone is formed of fir and cedar wit;h a mixture
of stone birch and on the slopes of southern exposure there are _r,ure "cedar
thickets" of Siberian stone pine. The central taiga zone is formed of cedar- �
fir forests with a mixture of larch and pine. Chosenia, birches, aspens and
firs are found in the river valleys; thickets of choke-cY~erry, black and red
currants, honeysuckle, mountain ash, dogrose and other shrubs are also common
here. Larch (Dahurian and Siberian) grow in the narrow coastal strip. More
than 600 species, including 10 endemic species, are known in the flora of the
forest reserve. ~
~ The forest reserve territory includes 39 species of man;mals, 233 species of
birds, 4 species of reptiles and 2 species~of amphibians. Among the animals
are 'the well-known Barguzinskiy sable, brown bear, elk, maral, reirideer, musk
deer, Kamchatka, marmet and animals endemic to the Baykal include the Bay.kal
seal ~nd there are many endemic and rare species and forms of birds, for ex- �
ample, the black stork, Siberian redstart, whooper swan, eagle owl and so ori.
The forest reserve also has hot springs coming to the surface--habitat of
relic species of plants and animals. ~
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the processes that
determine the natural productivity of the main elements of the natural complex
of western slopes of the Barguzinskiy Ridge; special attention is being de-
voted to study of the popuiation of the Barguzinskiy sable.
~ ~ ?0
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I ~sashkir State Forest Reserve
(Bashkirskaya ASSR, Burzyanskiy Rayon, Baynazarovo Post Office)
It was organized in 1930 with an area of 72,140 hectares, o� which 64,396 hec-
tares is forest area and 131 hectares is reservoirs. It is located on the
western slopes of the South an Urals.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting; and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers
The territory of the forest reserve consists of t'nree individual sections--
the Ural-Tau, Southern Krak and Pribel'skiy, which differ considerably in
natural conditions. The Ural-Tau is a flat-uppe~: mountain range consisting
. of quartzites, the Southern Krak is a mountain massif formed of volcanic rock
and the Pribel'skiy section is a level plateau,consisting of limestones. The
well-known Kapov's cave with wall drawinqs from'~the paleolithic period is lo-
, . cated in the reserve.
The forest reserve is located in the southernmost part of the forest subzone,
~ for which European pine-deciduous forests and Urals-Siberian pine-birch for-
ests and larch are typical. The flora of the reserve includes 750 species,
including one endemic and 10 rare species.
Among the large mammals in the forest reserve are found the elk, maral, roe
deer, brown bear and forest marten. The bird fauna includes 155 species,
among which there are rare species--the imperial eagle and eagle owl.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural dynamics
of the forest, meadow and steppe biogeocenoses of the Southern Urals, the
' changes of their boundaries, reasons for these changes and also to study the
! apiary bee.
Bol'shekhekhtsir State Forest Reserve ~
(Khabarovsk, ulitsa Kim Yu Chen', 65)
It was organized in 1964 with an area of 44,720.9 hectares, of which 40,174
hectares are forest area and 250 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in
the western part of IChekhtsir Ridge.
It is subordinate to the t4ain Administration for Nature Conservation, Game
Preserves and FIunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
Coniferous-deciduous forests, which include Yeddo spruce, IChingan fir, Amur
~ oak, Manchurian walnut, lemon tree, aralia, prickly eleuterococcus, Amur
grape, tara vine, Manchurian ash, Amur lilac, red whortleberry, bog whortle-
berry, cranberry, thin-leaved jasmine, currants (four s~~ecies), Ussurian pear,
apples (Siberian and Pallas's), Amur mountain ash, hawthorns, eastern straw-
berry and so on are typical for the forest reserve. Trees, shrubs and lianas
number up to 150 species, among which are raany endemic and relic species.
, There are approximately 706 sgecies of pl~~nts in the forest reserve.
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The animal w~orld of the reserve consists of representatives of Siberian-
taiga and Chinese-Himalayan fauna. Thirty-six species of mammals, 135 species .
of birds and 11 species of reptiles and amphibians are found here. The Man-
- ~churian wapiti, roe deer, musk deer, wild boar, brown bear, Asiatic black
bear, lynx, sable, kharza marten, chipmunk, Manchurian hare, northern pika,
squirrel, voles, shrews and also chickensnakes and mamushis (two species each),
the far eastern terrapin and others.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural complexes
~ of the Amur area; methods of conservation and reproduction of ginseng are also
being developed and plants--carrierG of biologically active substances--are
being studied.
Visim State Forest Reserve
(Sverdlovskaya Oblast, Prigorodnyy Rayon, Visim settlement)
it was organized in 1971 with an area of 13,319 hectares, of which 12,734 hec-
tares are forest area and 52 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the
Urals ridge along the line of the watershed of its eastern and western slopes.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game~Preserves
attached to the RSFSR~Council of Ministers.
Specific types of mountain landscapes of the depression strip of the central
Urals (southern taiga subzone) have been preserved in the forest reserve.
Virgin mountain taiga of spruce, fir and cedar with grass cover of green mos-
ses, bush grass and wood sorrel is the most typical landscape; fir groves are
less widely distributed and cedar groves are rarely encountered. Small areas
are occupied by pine forests, birch groves, aspen groves, forest meadows
an d p e at bogs; bald mountain vegetation is distributed on the peaks of the
highest uplifts. ~ �
The vertical zone nature is well marked in the forest reserve; there are rel-
ics of the glacial and pre-glacial periods. The flora of the reserve has been
little studied. Among grass plants are found alpine willow-grass, sosyureya,
hare's-ear and valerian; European oak forest elements are represented: asara-
~ bacca, crowberry, male fern, sudetskiy small bladder, ox-eye daisy, willow-
herb, ragwort and also linden, maple, Siberian elm, elm, choke-cherry, alder
and willows.
The fauna of the forest reserve also includes species such as the bear, lynx,
Siberian weasal, ermine, forest marten, polecat, mink, otter, fox, hare,
chipmunk, squirrel, elk, roe deer, mole, great grouse, black grouse, hazel
hen, goshawk and'nutcracker.
The scientific profile af the forest reserve is to study the ecosystems of
the mountain range on the slopes of different exposure.
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j
Volga-Kama State Forest Reserve
~ (Tatarskaya ASSR, Zelenodol'skiy Rayon, Raifa settlement)
j Zt was organized in 1960 with an area of 8,040 hectares.
~ It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
, attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
i The forest reserve consists of two sections: the Raifa and Saralovskiy (the
, boundary of two geographic zones--forest and steppe--passes through here). ~
; The Raifa section is located 25 kilometers northwest of Kazan' on the boundary
j of the southern taiga. Forests of all the main types typical for the central ~
! zone of the European USSR grow here on a small area. The predominant species
j is pine and spruce, fir, larch, Amur oak tree, birch and linden are less
~ widely distributed. An arborettun founded in 1921 is of important scientific
value in the Raifa section of the forest reserve. More than 400 species of
' trees and s~irubs from America, Asia and Europe grow here.
~ The Saralovskiy section of the reserve is located at.the month of the Kama
~ River on the shore of the Kuybyshevskoye Reservoir. The area of the section ~
is covered with mixed deciduous forests with prevalence of linden and pine; .
oak, birch and aspen are also found. There are many bays, islands and shal-
' lows with well-developed aquatic vegetation--favorable conditions for.aquatic
~ birds and spawning of fish--on this section.
' The fauna of the forest reserve includes forest and steppe species such as the
~ brown bear, lynx, raccoon-dog, forest polecat, ermine, weasel, forest marten,
~ American mink, elk, hares (European and common), squirrel, red-backed souslik,
muskrat, garden dormouse and so on; among the birds are found the great grouse,
hazel hen, black grouse, hoopoe, roller, three-toed woodpecker, mute cuckoo, ~
wax-wing, siskin, goldfinch, lesser redpoll and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the relationships of
~ the southern taiga and forest-steppe and the effect of the Kuybyshev reser-
~ wir and other anthropogenic factors on natural complexes.
I~ Voronezh State Forest Reserve
~ (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Grafskaya Station)
It was organized in 1923 with an area of 31,029 hectares. It is located on
the boundary of Voronezhskaya and Lipetskaya Oblasts in the northern part of
the Usman' pine forest.
' It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Forest
Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
' The vegetation of the forest reserve is represented by pine forests, oak for-
ests and floodplain alder groves. Lichen pine forests and green moss covers
are located on poor soils; there are oak groves and also pine-oak and pine
~
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forests with oak in the second level on richer soils. The abundant under~
growth of complex pine~ and oak forests consists of.spindle-tree, filkiert, lyme
- tree and mountain ash. Approximately 1,000 species have been described in the
flora of the forest reserve.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 54 species of mammals (elk, Europ~an
deer, wild boar, roe deer and so on), 187 species of birds and 8 species each
- ~ of reptiles and amphibians. The nutria is of most important significance
among the species related to aquatic habitats. One of the few populations
of nutrias was preserved~in the forest reserve, which subsequently became a
source of scattering these animals throughout the country. Work is being
conducted at an experimental nursery on open-air breeding of nutrias. The
desman is sometimes found in the forest reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the nature of
complex island pine and oak forests of the forest-steppe zone, the character-
istic features of their~ecological systems to find ways of restoring the na-
tive types of forest and their biocenoses, study of inethods of restoration,
distribution and efficient use of the Eu~;opean beaver and European deer in the �
USSR. The forest reserve is a scientific center for study of the European
beaver and experimental cage breeding of beavers.
. Darwin State Forest Reserve
(Kalininskaya Oblast, Ves'yegonskiy Rayon, Niko.lo-Vysokoye Post Office, Borok
settlement) ,
Tt was organized in 1945 with an area of 112,611 hectares, of which 47,684 hec-
tares are forest area and 46,348 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on
- the northwestern bank and adjacent shallows of the Rybinskoye Reservoir within
Vologodskaya and Yaroslavskaya Oblasts.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The territory of the forest xeserve is a section of southern taiga located on
the lowland lying between Molozhski and Sheksninskiy Bays of the reservoir.
Approximately 50 percent of the~territory is occupied by forests, primarily
pine forests. There are many peat bogs~and in places berries--cranberry, �
cloudberry and bog whortleberry--grow abundantly. Floating peat bogs formed
as a result of sinking of vast swampy spaces, are found near the shores. The
flora of the forest reserve includes 540 species.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 40 species of mammals, among which.
are the elk, roe deer, brown bear, badger, lynx, common hare, squirrel and
so on.
The forest reserve has become a reservation for pine forest and aquatic wild-
life due to the diversity of natural conditions and protection. A total of
230 species of birds is numbered here. There are especially many aquatic
birds during migration (grey-lag goose, bean goose, white-fronted goose,
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whooper swan and so on. The great grouse, black grouse, willow grouse and
others inhabit the forests of the reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the effect of the
Rybinskaya Reservoir on the nature of the southern taiga and to determine and
develop methods of protecting it, efficient use and enrichment under condi-
tions created by an artificial reservoir with fluctuating level.
Zhigulevsk State Forest Reserve
(Kuybyshevskaya Oblast, Zhigulevsk, Bakhilova Polyana Post Office)
It was organized in 1927 and has existed since 1966 in its current boundaries.
Zt has an area of 19,130 hectares, of which 18,011 hectares are forest area
and 194 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the northern part of
Samarskaya Luka within Kuybyshevskaya Oblast.
It is subordinate to the Main Ac~ninistration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
Mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of the central Volga area with relics of
the tertiary and glacial periods and endemic species of the Zhiguli area pre-
dominate in the forest reserve. Approximately 800 species of plants has been
recorded in the reserve. The grass cover is formed mainly of plants typical
for the forest-steppe zone, but there are also representatives of the southern
arid steppes, semidesert and desert (saltwort, summer cypress and so on) and
also northern species (barberry, wintergreen and P4ay lily).
The fauna of the reserve includes 40 species of mammals (elk, roe deer, bad-
ger, European hare and so on) and 178 species of birds, of which 141 species
are nesting types.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural complex
of mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of the Central Volga region, the native
types of forest and individual representatives of flora of the Zhiguli area
(relics and endemic species).
Zavidovskiy Scientific Experimental Hunting Preserve
(Kalininskaya Oblast, Zavidovskiy Rayon)
It was organized in 19?2 on the basis of a hunting preserve. It has an area
of 84,000 hectares, of which 44,000 hectares are forest area. It is located
in Kalininskaya and Moskovskaya Oblasts.
It is subordinate to the USSR Ministry of Defense.
A large number of swamps and marshy sections is typical to the game preserve.
The most widely distributed are mixed forests of birch, aspen, pine and
spruce. The undergrowth includes willow, buckthorn, mountain ash, raspberry,
juniper and so on; there are pine forests (arid and wet), spruce forests
(mainly green moss and marshy-grass type) and alder forests.
35
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The elk, maral, roe deer, wild boar, hares (common and European), common par-
tridge, great grouse, black grouse, hazel hen and so on are common among the
animals in the reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of increas-
ing the productivity of forest hunting lands and to introduce hunting animals
(deer, wild boar, nutria and so on).
Zeya State Forest Reserve
(Amurskaya O~last, Zeya, ulitsa Lev Tolstbgo, 2"B")
It was organized in 1963 with an area of 82,300 hectares, of which 78,036
hectares are forest area. It is located in the mountain regions of Amurskaya
Oblast on the Tukuringra range, at the junction of subzones of the middle and ~
southern taiga, light coniferous-deciduous and light coniferous.forests with
_ elementary Manchurian flora.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration for Nature Conservation, Game
Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The wooded nature of the reserve is 95 percent, of which 85 percent occupy
light coniferous forests of Dahurian larch. Birches (Asian white birch and
Erman's birch), aspen, Yeddo spruce are found among tree varieties and Dahur-
ian rhododendron, Japanese stone pine, Manchurian alder and so on are found
among shrubs. The forests are abundant with berries (edible honeysuckle, cur-
rants, red whortleberries and so on) and with mushrooms.
The Manchurian wapiti, e].k, roe deer, musk deer, brown bear, lynx, sable,
Siberian weasel and European hare are common among the animals in the forest
reserve and the wolverine and ermine are more rarely found. The three-toed .
woodpecker, black woodpecker, hazel hen, rock partridge and black grouse are
~ found among the birds and the Siberian spruce grouse is sometimes found. Eigh-
teen species of fish are counted.
The scientific profile of the,forest reserve is to study the natural resources
of mountain regions of Amurskaya Oblast, to protect methods of complex use of
them, and to predict changes of the natural environment due to the effect of
human activity, especially with regard to construction of the Zeyskaya Ges.
I1'men State Forest Reserve imeni V. I. Lenin
(Chelyabinskaya Oblast, Miass-1)
It was organized in 1920 with an area of 30,380 hectares, of which 25,864
hectares are forest area and 2,791 hectares are reservoirs. It is located
in the eastern foothills of the Southern Urals on the boundary of the forest
and steppe zone in Miasskiy, Chebarkul'skiy and Argayashskiy Rayons, Chelya-
binskaya Oblast.
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It is subordinate to the Urals Scientific Center, USSR Academy of Sciences.
' A natural complex of mountain regions of the subzone of coniferous-birch for-
ests of the Trans-Urals area and Western Si.beria and also the unique I1'meno-
gorsk geological-minerological complex (approximately 200 different minerals)
are r.epresented in the forest reserve.
~ The forests, primari,ly pine and birch, cover 85 percent of the territory.
' The flora is abundant, unique and it includes more than 1,000 species of
flowering plants,~mosses and lichens. There are many relic species of the
. Pleistocene forest-steppe and the Quarternary period of glaciation.
There are 50 species of mammals, 217 species of birds, 6 species of reptiles,
2 species of amphibians and 14 species of fish in the forest reserve. ~
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the relationships
~between soils, vegetation and the animal world for complex knowledge of the
~ processes of migration of matter and energy in the earth's biosphere and also
to study the hydrological regime of the I1'men mountains and the dynamics of
surface and ground waters.
� Caucasian State Forest Reserve
(Krasnodarskiy Kray, Sochi, Sukhumskoye shosse, 7a)
~ It was organized in 1924 with an area of 263,485 hectares, of which 163,130
hectares are forest area and 1,985 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in
the western part of the Main Caucasian Range and in the Peredovyy Range.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration for Nature Conservation, Game
' Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
~ The territory of the forest reserve encompasses all high-altitude zones (from
deciduous forests to alpine meadows and permanent glaciers) and is distin-
guished by abundant and unique flora and fauna. There are 1,600 species of
higher plants in the forest reserve, of which 327 species are endemic and 21
- are rare species; there are many relic species. The greater part of the
' forest-fonning varieties are relics of the Tertiaxy period: Eastern beech,
Nordmann fir, chestnut, oriental spruce, Iberian oak, sycamore, Caucasian lin-
den and so on. Fruit and nut plants, extremely valuable for selection and
also medicinal, honey, food, tanning and decorative plants occupy a signifi-
cant position.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 59 species of animals, including the
chamois, maral, kuban' tor, Caucasian bear, lynx, forest and stone martens, .
lonq-clawed vole and Caucasian mole. The ornithological fauna numbers 192
species. The European bison has been successfully reacclimatized in the
forest reserve.
' A branch of the forest reserve--the Kriostinskaya yew-box grove with an area
~ of 300 hectares--is located on the southeastern slope of the Bol'shoy Akhun
I mountain. ~
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The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the ecologi-
cal syst~ns of mountain forests and meadows of'the northwestern part of the
C:aucasus, methods of conservation, restoration and propagation of representa-
tives of Caucasian endemic �lora, development of inethods of increasing the
population, settlement and efficient use of such mammals as the European bi-
son, deer, tur, chamois and roe deer and study of the interaction of forest
reserve and contiguous (econanically used~ ecological systems.
Kandalaksha State Forest Reserve
(Murmanskaya Oblast, Kandalaksha-2, ulitsa Rechz~aya, 18) .
~It was organized in 1932 with an area of 35,027 hectares, of which 12,122
hectares are forest area and 15,380 hectares are reservoirs and marine water
basin. It is located on islands at the vertex of Kandalaksha Bay of the White
Sea and along the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The main landscapes of the reserve are mainland Arctic taiga, maritime tundra,
forest-tundra and forest and tundra islands. The conserved objects are "bird
markets" (eider, murres and puffin) and also individual species of birds.
The forest reserve consists of three sections of mainland coast and five
groups of islands. ~
The Aynovy Islands, covered with a layer of peat, are populated by puffins
and seagulls (great and herring-gull); the eider and also the Arctic tern
and ruffs have also settled here. The islands are inha8itated by approxi-
mately 40 species of birds and another 90 species are found during migration.
The islands are covered~during the spring-summer season with various types of
grasses (catchfly, pink, camomile, angelica and so on).
The bird markets are located on the "seven islands." Murres and kittywakes
and also razorbills, seagulls, eiders, puffins, Arctic terns and so on are
numerous. Gray seals give birth to their pups on the shores of the islands.
A total of 109 species of birds, of which 43 species are nesting, is found on
the territory of the "seven islands."
Yet another group of islands of the reserve occupies the greater part of the
Kandalaksha cliffs of the White Sea. These islands are covered with spruce-
pine forests with a mixture of birch, aspen, mountain ash, willow and other
varieties.
A total of 23 species of land mammals, 10 species of marine mammals and 208
species of birds have been recorded on the territory of the Kandalaksha Re-
serve; 539 species of higher plants are numbered.
The scientific profile of the reserve is to study the natural complex of the
archipelagos of the White and Barents Seas. The main objects of study are the
common eider, the birds of the "bird markets" and puffin colonies.
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Kedrovaya Pad' Forest Reserve
I (Primorskiy Kray, IQiasanskiy Rayon, Primorskaya Station, Far Eastern Railroad) ~
~ I.t was organized in 1916 with an area of 17,897 hectares, of which 13,094 hec-
, tares are forest area. It is located on the western shore of Amur Bay in the
foothills of the Chernyye Mountains in the K,edrovaya River Basin at the junc-
tion of the North Kc~rean and South Ussurian flora provinces. .
It is subordinate to the Far Eastern Scientific Center, USSR Academy of
Sciences.
Southern coniferpus-deciduous boreal and oak forests and also forests with a
predominance of linden (Amur and Manchurian) are typical for the forest re-
~ serve. Broad-leaved and leafy forests occupy 85 percent of the area of the
reserve. .
The flora of the reserve numbers 817 species. The ancient nemoral formations
' and the related relic species of plants are of great value. Woody plants
(118 species, among which are 51 species of trees, 58 species of shrubs and
9 species of lianas) and rose plants (26 species) are numerous. There are
also many rare and valuable medicinal plants, relics and endemic species in
the forest reserve: Shmidt's birch, old-fashioned weigela, Ross's violet, ~
toothed oak, mainland aralia, Manchurian fir, ginkgo, tara vine, Amur grape,
Chinese magnolia vine, ginseng, tea-plant, eleutherococcus, Chinese valerian,
; Manchurian walnut, thin-leaved jasmine, Sakhalin cherry and so on. There are
more than 200 species of mosses and lichens and 150 species of mushrooms in
~ the forest reserve. ~
A combination of southern and northern species is typical for the animal
world. There are the world's rarest species--the Ussurian tube-nosed bat and
i ~ the giant shrew, a relic cockroach and others. The leopard, Amur cat, spot-
ted deer, kharza, Asiatic black bear, otter, raccoon-doq and so on are found.
The mandarin duck, mute cuckoo, small sparrowhawk, brown and narcissus fly-
' catchers, black stork, white-banded swift, black-headed oriole, Chinese green
finch, Chinese grosbeak, striped shrike, rock thrush and so on are found among
birds. A total of 224 species of birds and 57 species of mammals has been
recorded in the forest reserve. ~
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the biocenoses of the
� southernmost (within the USSR) versions of Manchurian mixed forests.
Kivach State Forest Reserve
(Karel'skaya ASSR, IGondopozhskiy Rayon, Sopokha Post Office)
it was organized in 1931 with an area of 10,460 hectares of which 8,673.2
~ hectares are forest area and 1,057.2 hectares are reservoirs. It is located
in the Trans-Onega area at the junction of two zones--taiga and broad-leaved
forests. ~
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~ It is subordinate to the Main Ac'hninistration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
Almost all the main geographic complexes of the central taiga landscape are
represented on the territory of the forest reserve. The greater part of the
territory (82 percent) is covered with forests. Green-moss spruce and pine
forests with elements of broad-leaved trees are typical.
The well-known Kivach Waterfall with a height of 10.7 meters is located on
the Su:~e River. The Kivach Waterfall is recognized as one of Europe's high-
est waterfalls. The unique Sopokhskiy pine forest, where the heightof pines ~
reaches 30 meters and the trunk diameter reaches 100 cm, has been preserved
- in the reserve; there are trees approximately 350 years old:
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 44 species of mammals, 185 species
of birds, four species each of reptiles and amphibians and 17 species of
- fishes. There are both middle-taiga species of animals (wood lemming, squir-
rel, common hare, bear, elk, hazel hen, black grouse, willow grouse and three-
toed woodpecker) and southern forest and forest-steppe species (harvest
mouse, quail, common partridge, ~orncrake, oriole, grosbeak and so on).
There are a nature museum, dendrological section and nursery in the forest
reserve. ~ .
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the dynamics of
processes that determine the natural productivity of the main elements of the
natural complex of Central Karelia. '
Komsanol'sk State Forest Reserve
(Khabarovskiy Kray, Komsomol'skiy Rayon, Pivan' settlement, Sovgavan'skoye
shosse, 36)
It was organized in 1963 with an area of 31,958 hectares. It is located on
the right bank of the Amur River in the Bel'go River Basin; a branch of the
forest reserve is located on the left bank of the IQlungari River and its ~
tributary the Chermal River.
It is subordinate to the Main Achninistration of Nature Conservation, Game
~ Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The junction of three forest formations--cedar-broad-leaved (pre-Amur),dark-
coniferous (Sikhote-Alin') and light-coniferous (East Siberian)--is typical
for the forest reserve, which also explains the uniqueness of the flora and
fauna. Sections of cedar-spruce forests ~aith undergrowth of pointed yew ~re
~interesting. Relic species of plants and animals are found and there are
spawni.ng grounds of the chum and humpback salmon. ~
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the biogeocenoses
of the transition zone from cedar-broad-leaved to taiga spruce-fir forests
and also natural complexes of the Amur flora and fauna.
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I
I
! Kronotskiy State Forest Reserve
~ (Kamchatskaya Oblast, Yelizovskiy Rayon, Zhupanovo settlement, ulitsa Oktyabr'-
, skaya, 24)
i It was organized in 1934 and has existed since 1967 in its current boundaries.
It has an area of 964,000 hectares, of which 534,825 hectares are forest area
j and 26,835 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the system of mountain
~ ranges that descend from west to east toward Kamchatka and Kronotskiy Bays.
I It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers
i The forest reserve is distinguished by unusual beauty and uniqueness of
i nature: a chain of extinct and dormant volcanos, unusual forms of relief and
; waterfalls. The thermal lakes and calders of the Uzon volcano, the Kikhpinych
~ geysers and numerous hot springs are of special interest. The landscapes of
~ mountain tundra and thickets of cedar and Japanese stone pine, forests of
~ Erman's birch with high grass and maritime comple~xes are widely distributed.
' ~he flora of the forest reserve includes appzoximately 800 species, including
the graceful fir.
The vertebrate fauna numbers 33 species of mammals and more than 130 species
of birds. The most valuable inhabitant of the forest reserve is the Kamchatka
sable; reindeer, bighorn sheep, brown bear and other animals are common. Breeding
' grounds of sea lions, ringed seal, common seal and akiba are found in the
~ coastal waters of the forest reserve. A total of 179 species of birds, includ-
; ing the stone partridge, whooper swan, bean goose, Pacific Ocean eagle and
; others, are known.
The scientific profile of the forest.reserve is to study the natural complex
, of the Pacific Ocean highlands of the central part of Kamchatka, relic vege- .
, tation, valuable representatives of the ani.mal world and also of current
volcanism, geysers and warm s~rings.
La2o State Forest Reserve imeni L. G. Kaplanov
~ (Primorskiy Kray, Lazovskiy Rayon, Lazo Village)
It was organized in 1935 as a branch of the Sikhote-Alin' forest reserve.
It became the independent Sudzukhinskiy Forest Reserve in 1940. It was re-
named the Lazo Forest Reserve in 1970. It has an area of 116,520 hectares,
! of which 115,344 hectares are forest area and 231 hectares are reservoirs.
It is located in the southern part of the Sikhote-Alin' in the interfluve of
the Kiyevka and Chernaya Rivers. The forest reserve includes two small is-
lands in the Sea of Japan--Petrov and Bel'tsov.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Game
Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
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The forest reserve is located in the Manchurian flora region, which also
determines the abundance o�r' species and fozms of ancient, shrub and grassy
plants in it. The main ancient varieties are the Mongolian oak and cedar;
lindens (Amur and Manchurian) dominate in the mixed forests; the Amur oak
tree grows everywhere and cedar-broad-leaved forests predominate. A large
number of lianas--grape, tara vine, magnolia vine and so on and also large
thickets of a valuable medicinal plant--eleutherococcus--are typical for the
forests of the reserve. A total of 1,'271 species of plants, including 57
endemic and 9 rare species, grow in the reserve.
The vertebrate fauna numbers 48 species of mammals, many of which are endemic
to the Primor'ye: the long-tailed goral, axis deer, Manchuria wapiti, Asiatic
black bear, Manchurian hare, moger mole, kharza, Amur wildcat, Amur tiger,
leopard and so on. A total of 282 species of birds, including the Ussurian
pheasant, Mandarin duck, squammous merganser and so on, has been noted.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the ecolog-
ical systems of the mountain forests of the southern part of the Sikhote-Alin',
developcnent of inethods of conserving primary ecological systems of the moun-
tain forests of the Far East under conditions of economic activity in sur-
rounding territories, study of the forests of the Southe~n Primor'ye and
firiding ways of restoration and conservation of especially valuable represen-
tatives of flora and fauna--pointed yew,.ginseng, aralia and also the goral,
~ axis deer, tiger, leopard, pheasant and~so on.. . .
Lapland State Forest Reserve ~
(Murmanskaya Oblast, Monchegorsk)
It was founded in 1930 with an area of 161,254 hectares, of which 85,763 hec-
tares are forest area~and 8,546 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the
western Kola peninsula, west of Imandra and Monga Lakes, 160 kilometers north
of the Arctic Circle. The season of white nights continues here for more than
three months. The annual total precipitation is 400 mm, but the climate is
moist due to weak evaporation and low temperatures. There is no real perma-
frost but a frozen nucleus remains on hummocky swamps.
It is subordinate tn the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Freserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers. ,
~ The territory of the reserve is mountainous and diverse in landscapes. Almost
half of it is occupied by reindeer moss pine forests and northern thin forest
and a third is occupied by forestless mountain tundra. Birch forests and
forest-tundra occupy 12 percent of the territory and marshes occupy 6 percent.
Complexes of mountain tundra and,northern~taiga are.well represented in the
forest reserve: forests with predominance of pine, spruce and birch, marshes
and lakes and reindeer moss covers. There are.many alpine and arctic species
of plants: dwarf rhododendron, partridge grass and dwarf willows. The flora
of the forest reserve includes 928 species. .The lakes and rivers are dis-
tinguished by very sparse aquatic vegetation.
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The vertebrate fauna numbers 29 species of mammals. The wild reindeer, elk,
marten, fox, ermine, wolverine, otter, bear and Noxwegian lemming are common;
the beaver has become reacclimatized. A total of 176 species of birds, in-
cluding the great grouse, willow grouse, black grouse and hazel hen and the
whooper swan and the golden eaqle among rare species has been noted.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural complex
~ of the no rthern taiga, mountain tundra and lakes of the Kola peninsula and to
develop methods of conservation of the reindeer moss pine forests; special at-
' tention is being devoted to study of the reindeer and to development of
! methods of efficient use of it~ reserves.
Mordovian State Forest Reserve imeni P. G. Smidovich
(Mordovskaya ASSR, Temnikov, Pushta settlement) ~
It was organized in 1936 with an area of 32,300 hectztres, of which 31,059
hectares are forest are and 20=~hectares are reservoirs. It is latated in
the eastern part of the Oksko-Klyaz'minskaya plane between the Moksha River
and its right tri.butary the Satis River on the boundary of the forest and
forest-steppe zones.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The flora of the forest reserve is abundant: 947 species of plants, includ-
ing 619 species of vascular plants. A total of 96.6 percent of the territory
is covered with forests; pine forests predominate and significant areas are
, also occupied by birch, aspen and linden forests; oak forests are found in
the Moksha River floodplain. The pine forests are very diverse--from white
moss to sphagnum moss pine forests.
The fauna of the forest reserve is typical for a transition forest-steppe
zone. Sixty species.of mammals and 196 species of birds are known. The des-
man, elk, hares (common and European), lynx and so on are found among ani-
mals; the birds include the great grouse, hazel hen, black grouse, willow
grouse, black stork and eagle owl. The roe deer and nutria have been reac-
climatized and the axis deer, maral, European bison, raccoon-dog and muskrat
have been acclimatized.
Karst phenomena are typical for the forest reserve; there are lakes of karst
origin.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of con-
servation and to study the southern wooded plains on the boundary of the
forest and forest-steppe zone, to study the natural complex of pine and pine-
broad-leaved forests of the Oksko-Klyaz'minskaya Poles'ye and also the ecology
of the desman.
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Okskiy State Forest Reserve
(Ryazanskaya Oblast, Spasskiy Rayon, Lakash Post Office)
Tt was organized in 1935 with an area of 22,896 hectares, of which 18,492 hec-
tares are forest area and 410 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the
southeastern part of the Meshcherskaya lowland.
It is subordinate to the Main A~ninistration of Nature Conservation, Game Pre-
serves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The forest vegetation of the reserve is represented by pine forests with a
mixture of birch and broad-leaved varieties and also by sections of oak for-
. ests, including floodplain forests; there are many swamps and lakes. The
flora of the reserve includes more than 400 species of plants, including two
endemic, 69 rare and five disappearing species.
The fauna of the reserve is abundant: 49 species of mammals and 227 species
of birds~, including rare species: the desman, otter, black stork, white-
tailed ea:~.le and so on; the European beaver has been reacclimatized. The
central orn:ithological station has been in operation since 1956 and a beaver
nursery and biological survey group have been operating since 1959.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the nature of
the soixtheastern part of the Meshcherskaya lowland, the ecological systems of
the floodplain and areas outside the floodplain, development of inethods of
conservation, restoration and efficient use of the natural complexes of the
southeastern part of the Meshcherskaya lowland and also rare, disappearing
and valuable species of animals and plants (desman, beaver, elk, bear, lynx,
badger, great grouse, swan, black stork, white-tailed eagle, osprey, aquatic .
birds, water chestnuts, water ferns and so on).
Pechora-Ilych State Forest Reserve
(Komi ASSR, Troitsko-Pechorskiy Rayon, Yaksha Post Off~ce)
- It was organized in 1930 with an area of 721,322 hectares, of~which 612,214
hectares are forest area and 2,297 hectares are reservoirs. It is lcoated in
the western foothills of the tJorthern Urals in the interfluve of the Pechora ~
and Ilych Rivers.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers. ,
The forest reserve is represented by. three landscape regions: the Pechora
lowland overgrown with pine forests, undulating foothills with spruce, fir
and spruce-fir forests and with a mixture of cadar in places and the moun-
tains of the Northern Urals.
The upper boundary of the forest is located at an altitude of 500-60Q meters
above sea level and pure birch forests are found here, but the trees are
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usually stunted, low-growing and with goblet shape of the crown. The stone
fir grows in this high-altitude.zone. A zone of subalpine meadows with var-
ious types of grasses bright during the blooming period--anemones~ bare fis-
tula, Urals peony, cranesbills, buttercups and forget-me-nots, begins beyond
the fores~~ zone. The high-altitude zone is represented by tundra and rocky
placers. The shrub tundra is formed of willows, dwarf birch and Siberian
juniper and the grass tundra is formed of sedges and cereal qrasses. The
bushy tundra is located above the shrub zone. Z'he~e are primarily berries:
bilberries, bog whortleberries, crowberries,ptarmigan-berries and red whor-
tleberries. ~he highest is the arctic-alpine zone: a thin cover of alpine
azaleas, cushion pinks, sedqes, lagotis, filodose and so on.
Z'he flora of the forest reserve numbers more than 700 species, including 6
endemic, 7 rare and 11 disappearing species.
~ The animal world is represented both by Asiatic and European species. A total
of 40 species of animals and 204 species of birds has been recorded. Among
the ani-nals are the elk, the forest reindeer, wolf, brown bear and wolverine;
otters, ermine and mink are numerous; the weasel, fox, chipmunk, flying squir-
rel and mountain hare are common; the white fox and lynx (rare) are found.
The forest reserve is the only place where the sable, marten and their hybrid
--kidusy--are found together; the beaver, which was well accustomed to this
area, ha.s been reacclimatized.
Among the birds are found the great grouse, black grouse, hazel hen and
grouse (the willow and alpine ptarmigar~,cuckoos (European and Asian) and so
on. The rivers are inhabited by salmon, grayling, whitefish, ide, tench,
perch, pike and so on.
There is an experimental nursery to study the possibility of breeding elk in
captivity and of using domesticated elk under taiga conditions is available
in the forest reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the mountain-taiga
natural complex of the western slopes of the Northern Urals aiid of the uppe:r
course of the Pechora River. The main objects of study are the elk, forest
reindeer, squirrel, sable, marten, beaver, grouse-type birds, salmon and
cedar.
Pinezhskiy State Forest Reserve
(Arkhangel'skaya Oblast)
It was organized in 1974 with an area of 41,244 hectares.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
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Oka-Terrace State Forest Reserve
(Moskovskaya Oblast, Serpukhovskiy Rayon, Danki Post Officel
It was organized in 1945 with an area of 4,945 hectares, of which 4,704
hectares are forest and 16 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in Southern
Moskovskaya Oblast on the left bank terraces of the Oka River.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Game Pre-
serves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
' The forest reserve contains pine, bruad-leaved and small-leaved forests, sec-
tions of relic steppe vegetation (with feather grass, sheep fescue, ground
cherry, European mountain ash and so on); the flora contains approximately
900 species. .
The fauna of the forest reserve ntunbers 47 species of mammals and 127 species
of birds. The elk, wild boar, roe deer and deer are common; the European mus-
krat has been reacclimatized. There is a.central Etiiropean bison nursery in
the forest reserve and purebred bison are delivered annually for resettlement ~
throughout the country; a breeding log~of European bison in the U~SR is
maintained.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the ecologi-
cal systems of the Oka River vallye with unique sections of steppe vegetation
study of the indivi~dual components of the forest and floodplain to restore
and preserve them, study and breeding of purebred European bison and develop-
ment and planning of ineasures to restore and resettle these animals in the
USSR. � '
Severo-Osetina State Forest Reserve
(Severo-Osetinskaya ASSR, Alagir, ulitsa Chabakhana Basiyeva, 17)
It was organized in 1967 with an area of 26,133 hectares, of which 7,933 hec-
tares are forest area and 50 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the
northern slopes of the Main Caucasian Ridge at an altitude of 1,350-4,646
meters above sea level.
It is subordinate to the Main P,dministration af Hunting and Game preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The forest reserve is distinguished by an abundance of flora: of 6,000
species of plants growing in the Caucasus, 2,000 are found in the forest
reserve, including 80 species of trees and shrubs. The high-altitude zone is
well-marked. Large tracts of pine forest exist in the upper reaches of the
Tseya and Ardon Rivers.
~ The forest zone consists mainly of pine, birch and mixed forests and rises to
an altitude of 2,000-2,200 meters above sea level. Oak, maple, ash, hornbeam,
eastern beech, common filbert,Iberian honeysuckle and yellow rhododendron
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grow in the mixed forests; the thick ~~rass cover consists primarily of serial
grasses and legumes; small areas are occupied by berries: strawberry, red
whort.leberry and bilberry.
Cereal grasses--cocksfoot, reed-grass, timothy and so on--reach especially ,
~ strong development in the subalpine zone; brilliant diverse grasses are dis-
tinguished by an abundance of species. Endemic species are Caucasian snowdrop,
golden hare's ear and brilliant larkspur; five rare species of plants are
known.
The fauna is typical for the high mounds of the northern slope o� the Main
Caucasian ridge. The forest reserve is inhabited by chamois, the eastern
Caucasian tur, snow vole, brown bear, fox, martens (stone and forest), badger,
lynx, ~ropean wildcat and so on (a total of 50 species of mammals) and ap-
proximately 200 species of birds, including the Caucasian blackcock, rock
partridge, Caucasian snowcock, chough, alpine chough and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the mountain-forest
and cliff-meadow landscapes of the Central Caucasus, vegetation groupings and
fauna typical for this geographic region.
Sikhote-Alin' State Forest Reserve
(Primorskiy Kray, Terneyskiy Rayon, Terney settlement)
It was organized in 1935 with an area of 340,200 hectares, of which 339,670
hectares are forest area and 270 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on
the eastern and western slopes of the central part of the Sikhote-Alin' ridge.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Game Pre-
serves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture
Coniferous-broad-leaved forest with numerous relic and endemic species pre-
~ dominates in the forest reserve. Cedar and broad-leaved forests, spruce-fir
taiga, forests of Erman's birch, qroves of Japanese stone pine and rocky tun-
dra are found. More than 200 species of trses, shrubs and lianas are known;
the grass cover is multilevel and there are many decorative species of plants.
The flora of the forest reserve numbers 797 species, including more than 100
endemic, two rare and one disappearing species.
A total of 61 species of mammals, approximately 320 spe~ies of birds, nine
' species of reptiles, six species of amphibians and 16 species of fish are
known in the forest reserve. Among the mammals are found the tiger, sable,
kharza, bears (Asiatic black and brown), musk deer, Manchurian wapiti, goral
~ and among the birds are found the squamous merganser, mandarin duck, Si.berian
. spruce grouse, fish owl and so on.
Z'he scientific profile of the forest reserve is c~mplex study of the ecologi-
cal systems of the forests and meadows of the central part of the Sikhote-
Alin', study of the conditions of conservation of primary ecological systems
- of the mountain forests of the Far East under conditions of�economic activity
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in the surrounding territory and also ways of restoration and conservation of
valuable representatives of the fauna (tiger, Asiatic black bear, goral, Man-
~ churian wapiti and Siberian spruce grouse) and valuable relic plants (Japanese
stone pine, lemon tree, eleutherococcus and so on).
Sokhondo State Forest Reserve
(Chitinskaya Oblast, Kyrinskiy Rayon, Kyra settlement) .
� It was organized in 1974 with an area of 210,500 hectares. It is located in .
the region of the Sokhondo mountain tract (2,500 meters above sea level) and
several adjacent bare mountaina (up to.2,000 meters above sea level).
~ It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
Sokhondo is a section of typical Siberian taiga extendinq far to the south to
�the region of the Dahurian-Mongolian steppes in the type of veqetation. The
vertioal zones of vegetation are well marked.
Z'he most typical of the steppe formations are~tansies and various grasses
among steppe formations and mountain-meadow associations with shrub thickets
are also common. Steppe vegetation formations penetrate rather deeply into
the taiga from the south and meadow vegetation is well marked.
Three-fourths of the forest reserve is occupied by taiga, represented by zones
of light-coniferous (pine and larch) and dark-coniferous (cedar)~forests.
The most widespread types of forests are mixed-cereal grasses, whortleberries
and dwarf Arctic birch stands. Bog-red whortleberry, Siberian tea and rhodo-
dendron predominate among the cedar groves. Krasodnev, spreading pasque-
flower, steppe edelweis, Siberian tea, Japanese stone pine, shrubby cinquefoil
spiraea, cotoneaster and so on are found in the flora of the forest reserve.
The forest reserve is represented by complexes of Si.berian, Dahurian-Mongolian
and high-altitude fauna. Elk, Manchurian wapiti, roe deer, musk deer, wild
boar, brown bear, lynx, sable, long-tailed souslik, Dahurian zokor and also
the Siberian capercailly, hazel.hen, Daurian partridge, sheldrake and so on
are found here; a special race of greenlings is found in Bukukunskoye Lake.
Stolby State Forest Reserve
(1Crasnoyarskiy Kray, Krasnoyarsk, ulitsa Kar'yernaya, 26a) ~
It was organized in 1925 with an area of 47,154 hectares, of which 46,3~8
~ hectares are forest area. It is located on the right bank of the Yenisey
River on the northwestern horns of the Eastern Cayan.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
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The attraction of the forest reserve are unique granite-syenite cliffs--
"columns" up to 100 moters high, consisting of Lowar Devonian Rose-Reci
Syenites, which acquire different shapes as a result of weathering.
The forest reserve lies in the zone of the typical mountain taiga of tlze
eastern Sayan. The vegetation is represented by forest and steppe associa-
tions of the Krasnoyarsk trough: pine-larch mixed-grass and mountain dark-
coniferous (fir) taiga; spruce-fir forests grown in the river valleys and
streams. Berries--bilberry, red whortleberry, raspberry, currants (red and
black), Altay honeysuckle and so on--are typical for the mountain taiga.
~ There are many decorative plants--Siberian gZobeflowers, irises, lilies,
lady's slippers and so on--in the forests af the foothills. Typical sections
of steppes and meadows are found in the foothills region.
Fir forests predominate in the mountain-taiga zone. Above them (at an alti-
tude of 800 meters above sea level) lie cedar forests formed of Siberian
stone pine--the most valuable variety of the Siberian taiga. An interesting
plant of the forest reserve is Siberian linden--a relic of the Oligocene-
Miocene period. A total of 551 species of plants has been recorded in the
forest reserve.
The fauna of the forest reserve is typical for the Central Si.berian mountain
taiga and is represented by 49 species of mammals, 145 species of birds and
22 species of fish. The rivers of the forest reserve are inhabited by white-
fish, tugun, grayling, dace, ide, perch, trout, lenoks and so on. Z'he
hen, great grouse~ black grouse, three-toed woodpecker, nuthatch, crossbill,
thrush, nightingales ~(Far Eastern and blue), sparrowhawk, red-eared bunting,
dipper, bean goose, eagle~owl, golden eagle and so on are numerous among the
~ birds; the mammals include the sable, bear, lynx, otter, wolverine, Siberian
weasel, ermine, weasel, maral, musk deer, roe deer, elk and so on.
The scientific p'rofile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and natural restoration of the Siberian stone pine and also restoration
of the pine-deciduous plantation and study of the bird and mammal fauna.
zeberda State Forest Reserve
(Stavropol'skiy Kray, Teberda)
It was organized in 1936 with an area of 83,122 hectares, of which 29,448 hec-
tares are forest area and 263 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the
northern slopes o� the Western Caucasus. It consists of two sections--the
main section located in the upper part of the Teberda River Basin, and the
Arkhyz part located 150 kilometers west of the main part in the Kizgich River
valley. There are more than 100 glaciers in the forest reserve and approx-
imately as many high-altitude glacial lakes and many waterfalls:
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunti.ng and Game Reserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
Mountain forests and also subalpine and alpine meadows with typical flora and
fauna complexes are represented in the forest reserve. The forests are
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distinguished by abundant species composition (up to 100 species of trees and
shrubs): hooked pine, Caucasian fir, oriental spruce, maples, hornbeam, beech
and common yew (a relic of the Tertiary period~; wild fruit trees and shrubs
valuable for selection include apple, pear, savin, cherry, blacktYwrn, rasp-
berry, currant, gooseberry, barberry and also serviceberry, choke-cherry,
filbert, honeysuckle, spindle-tree and rhododendrons (Caucasian and Pontian).
Cow parsnip, angelica, monkshc~od, campanula, variegated fescue, globe flower,
spreading pasque-flower anci so on are typical among grassy plants. A total
of 1,180 species of plants, including 186 endemic to the Caucasus, three en-
demic to the forest reserve and four rare species, has been described in the
forest reserve.
The fauna includes 36 species of mammals, 160 species of birds, seven species
of reptiles, four species of amphibians and three species of fish. The en-
demic and rare species include the Kuban' tur, chamois, leopard, Caucasian
birch mouse, Caucasian snowcock, Caucasian blackcock, eagle owl and so on.
The maral, wild board, brown bear, lynx, European wildcat, fox, wolf, stone
marten, Caucasian weasel, ermine, otter, mountain hare, squirrel, forest
mouse, shrub vole, cemmon noctule and so on are found. The bearded vulture,
Ural owl, kestrel, goshawk, sparrowhawk, rock partridge, corncrake, shore
lark, warblers, whitethroats, tits, jays, nuthatch, wrens, woodpeckers (black,
green and great spotted), dipper, finch, siskin, greenfinch, bullfinch, night-
jar and so on are common among the birds. The sand lizard, slow-worm, grass
and Renard's viper are found in the forest.reserve among the reptiles arid .
amphibians include the tree frog and green toad.
. The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of con-
servation, restoration and efficient use of mountain meadows and forests of
water-protection, soil-protection and resort-climatological signif icance and
�also valuable species of hunting animals (tur, chamois, snowcock and so on)
in different altitude zones of the eastern part of the Northwestern Caucasus.
Ussuriysk State Forest Reserve
(Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriyskiy Rayon, Kamenushka Post Office)
It was organized in 1935 with an area of 40,432 hectares, of which 40,375
hectares are forest area and 40 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on
the southwestern horns of the Sikhote-Alin' range.
It is subordinate to the Far Eastern Scientific Center, USSR Academy of
Sciences.
Natural complexes of southern Ussurian taiga, cedar and broad-leaved, dark-
coniferous, elm and ash forests are represented in the reserve. The ancient
dark-coniferous and broad-leaved forests that have retained their initial
phytocenotic structure are interesting. Yew, Japanese stone pine, Manchurian
fir, Amur oak tree, Manchurian walnut, Manchurian aralia, eleutherococcus,
tea-plant and ginseng grow in the forest reservej there are many lianas--
Chinese magnolia vine, Amur grape, three species of tara vine and so on. Tkie
flora of spore plants--mosses, lichens and mushrooms--is diverse. The forests
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of the reserve have never been cut and there are many gigantic trees here:
pines up to 42 meters high, with diameter of more than 200 cm. There are
standing liana forests with hornbeam and approximately 30 species of ferns.
Approximately 700 species of higher plants have been described am~ong the
flora of the forest reserve.
There are many valuable and rare species of animals--the tiger, leopard,
Manchurian wapiti, giant mole, lungless newt, giant longhorn beetle, relic
oockroach and so on--in the forest reserve. Th.~ grey starling, thrush,
hoopoe, white wagtail, eastern blue magpie, kite, warblers, bunting, pheasant,
hazel hen, mandarin duck, kingfisher, dipper and so on are found among the
birds.
~ A total of 36 of 77 species of mammals that inhabit the Soviet Far East are
found on the forest reserve. These are the axis deer, maral, musk deer,
wild boar, bears (brown and Asiatic black), European wildcat, lynx, badger,
sable, otter, Siberian weasel, kharza, raccoon-dog, fox, wolf, Manchurian
hare, squirrel, flying squirrel, chipmunk, carrion rat, Mikhno's vole, hedge-
hog, three species of shrews including the giant mole and the moger mole and
several species of bats.
Chickensnakes (patterned and Amur), mottled grass snake, mamushki (Ussurian
and Pa11as's) and the lizard--Amur long-tailed--are found among reptiles.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural complex
of ancient nemoral formations and to develop methods of protecting them.
Khingan State Forest Reserve .
(Amurskaya Oblast, Arkharinskiy Rayon, Kundur settlement)
It was organized in 1964 with an area of 59,300 hectares,.of which 34,312
hectares are forest area and 178 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in
southeastexn Amurskaya Oblast in the transition zone from the Amur flatlands
covered with small-reed meadows, to the foothills of the Less Khingan with
mountain cedar and broad-leaved forests.
~ It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Game
~ Reserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The fauna and flora of the reserve are Amur and tiaga types. The main ancient
variety is the Mongolian oak; the Japanese stone pine, Yeddo spruce, Khingan
fir, Dahurian larch, Amur linden, Manchurian ash, Dahurian birch and other
~ varieties also grow there.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes both typically taiga species and
representatives of the Amur fauna: brown bear, black bear, lynx, Siberian
weasel, sable, kharza, raccoon-dog, Manchurian hare, chipmunk, Manchurian
' wapiti and also the hazel hen, eastern blue magpie, black-headed oriole and
so on.
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The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the bio~enoses of
the Central Amur region.
IQzopra State Forest Reserve ~
(Voronezhskaya Oblast, Novokhoperskiy Rayon, Varvarino Post Office)
It was organized in 1935 with an area of 16,178 hectares, of which 13,811 hec-
tares are forest area and 1,065 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in
the IQzopra River floodplain.
It is subordinate to the Main Acfiiinistration of Nature Conservation, Game Re-
serves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The protected ecosystems in the forest reserve are the forest-steppe floodplain
with oak forests, European alder and white poplar forests, floodplain and high-
land oak forests with ash, lakes with abundant aquatic vegetation, flooded
meadows and steppe vegetation with feathergrass-fescue mixed grass cover. Ap-
proximately 1,000 species of plants, including tegular gladiolas, irises (sea-
shore, Si.berian and yellow flag), lily-leaved gland flower, fragrant toadflax,
wood vetch, Bieberstein's tulip, common solomon's seal, dune violet and even-
ing primrose are found in the forest reserve; plantains (lanceolate, common
water and Leselle's), water dragon, sweet-grasses (reed and floating), cut-
grass, buckbean, naiads (small and holly-leaved), water lillies (white, pure
white and tetrahedral), pondweec3s (12 species), bur-reeds, small yellow water-
lilly and so on are found in reservoirs.
The steppe vegetation is represented by feathergrass-fescue-mixed grass, fes-
cue-mixed grass and medium couch grass associations (with bedstraw, Elzass's
fennel and ray sawwort) and also shrub association of snow spiraea and~labur-
num and fennel-feathergrass associations on alkaline soils. ~
There are approximately 180 species of birds and 43 species of mammals in the
fauna of the forest reserve, among which is one endemic to our country--the
desman. The roe deer, wild boar, badger ar~d other animals inhabit the for-
est reserve; the nutria has been reacclimatized, axis deer have been acclima-
tized and European bisons have been imported. An experimental vivarium has
been created to study the biology of the desman and an experimental nursery
has also been created where axis deer ara maintained.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the ecologi-
cal systems of floodpla ns and non-floodplain territories, development of
methods of conservatio:., restoration and efficient use of the natural complex-
es of IQzopra Valley, study of elm and oak forests with ash, unique alder
floodplain forests, finding ways of conserving them with regard to changes of
the hydrological. regime and study of the biology of the desman and development
of inethods of conservation, restoration and resettlement of it throughout~the
USSR. ~
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i
; Central Forest State Reserve
i
(Kalininskaya Oblast, Nelidovskiy Rayon, Vysokoye Post Office)
; It was organized in 1934 with an area of 21,348 hectares, of which 20,158
hectares are forest area and 26 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the
northwestern part of the Central Russian Upland near the sources of the Volga
~ ~ and Zapadnaya Dvina Rivers.
It is subordinate to the Main Ac~?iinistration of Nature Conservation, Game
Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The territory of the reserve is covered with spruce and mixed spruce and
broad-leaved forests and peat bogs. The main tree-forming variety is spruce;
; there is a small inclusion of maple, linden, elm and so on. The well pre-
served complex spruce forests with thick undergrowth and abundant grass cover
are most interesting; there are many berry plants (cranberry, bilberry, red ~
whortleberry, raspberry, cloudberry and so on).
The fauna of the reserve is typical for the southern taiqa of European type.
It includes such animals as the brown bear, lynx, wolf, marten, elk, wild
boar, flying squirrel, European hare and also the g.~eat grouse, black grouse .
and hazel hen.
Complex biocenological investigations are being conducted in the reserve in
; the spruce forests and a station of the Botanical Institute, USSR Academy of
Sciences, has been organized.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the ecologi-
cal systems of spruce and spruce and broad-leaved forests of the Central Rus-
~ sian Upland, study of the reasons for destruction of spruce forests and methods
of increasing their biological productivity, study of the factors that regulate
formation of biogeocenoses of different composition and structure and develop-
ment of inethods of increasing the population and efficient of valuable fauna
- representatives.
Central Chernozem State Forest Reserve imeni Professor V. V. Alekhin
(Kurskaya Oblast, Kursk, Zapovednoye Post Office)
It was organized in 1935 with an area of 4,795 hectares, of which 2,186 hec-
tares are forest area. It is located on the boundary of Kurskaya and Belgor-
odskaya Oblasts~ and consists of five sections: Streletskiy, Kazatskiy, Bar-
kalovka and Bukreyevy Barmy in Kurskaya Oblast and Yamskiy in Belgorodskaya
Oblast.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The main vegetation formations of the reserve are virgin meadow steppes and
sections of island type broad-leaved forests. A total of 843 species of
i
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flowering plants grows on the forest reserve territory. The most widely dis-
tributed are shore brome, sheep's fescue, Hungarian sainfoin, bristly yarrow,
Ukrainian sandwort, l~.dy's bedstraw, Popov's forget-me-not, meadow sage,
thyme, Marshall's thyme and so on. The aspect of the steppe changes many
times during the vegetation period. ~
The fauna of the forest reserve consists mainly of steppe species and includes
approximately 40 species of mammals and 50 species of birds~ the South Rus-~
sian mole, spotted souslik, great jerboa, southern birch mouse, European hare,
buzzard, hoopoe, turtle-dove and quail; the elk, roe deer and great bustard
are found.
A station of the Institute of Geography, USSR Academy of Sciences, has been
organized in the forest reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the nature of the
meadow-steppe virgin land, forest-steppe oak forests, their contact zone and
the processes occurring in thick chernozems to work out the scientific funda-
mentals of conservation and reproduction of the Central Chernozem forest-
steppe complex.
~ Tadzhik SSR ~
Ramit State Forest Reserve
(Tadzhik SSR, Ordzhonikidzeabadskiy Rayon, Ramit settlement)
It was organized in 1959 with an area of 16,179 hectares, including 3,779 hec-
tares of forest area. It is located on the southern slopes of the horn of
~ the Gissari range at the interfluve of the Sarday-Mioni and Sarbo Rivers.
It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forestry, Tadzhik SSR Council of
Ministers.
The forest reserve is represented by walnut-fruit trees and savin groves.
The ancient shrub vegetation includes walnut, Bukhara almond, apple, honey-
suckle, barberry, serviceberry, chelon, Turkistan maple, Regel's maple, wild
mirobelan, Turkistan hawthorn, Mahaleb cherry, long-leaved buckthorn, pis-
tachio, hackberry, willow, poplar, sallow-thorn, birch, saving, kokanda rose
and so on; there are many decorative plants--tulips, irises, fritillary, des-
ert-candles and so on. ~
The complex of mountain animals of Northern Tadzhikistan is typical for the
forest reserve: Siberian ibex, porcupine, long-tailed marmet, stone marten,
white-clawed bear, snow leopard, lynx, wolf, fox, forest dormouse, Turkistan
rat, Carruther's vole, mole-vole and Tolai hare; the Bukhara deer has become
acclimatized; birds include the rock dove, Indian paradise flycatcher, Hima-
layan whistling thrush, rock thrush, griffon vulture, oriole, ring-dove, T3im-
alayan snow partridge, Himalayan accentor, Siberian rubythroat, Tibetan raven,
dippers (white-breasted and brown), grey wagtail, sickle-claw and so on; the
reptiles include chickensnakes (red-banded and mottled), Turkestan viper,
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i
; Asiatic snake-eyed lizard, water snake, blunt-nosed viper, mamushi and so on.
The rivers of the forest reserve are inhabited by trout, Schizothorax fish,
Turkestan aatfish and so on.
I The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of conser
~ vation and to study the nut-fruit forests and also the natural complex of tha
i forest reserve. ~
~
i Tigrovaya Balka State Forest Reserve
I
~ (Tadzhik SSR, Kumsangirskiy Rayon, Dusti settlement)
' It was organized in 1938 with an area of 52,212 hectares, of which 25,461 hec-
. tares are forest area and 4,329 hectares are reservoirs. It i~ located in
' th Vakhsh and andzh River floodplains.
Southern Tadzhikistan in e F'Y
~
~ It is subordinate to the State Comanittee of Forestry, Tadzhik SSR Council of
' Ministers.
I
; The forest reserve is represented by a tugai natural complex and a sandy des-
; ert complex, oxbow lakes with reed and plume grass thickets, turanga forests
with grass cover of ephemeral grasses: meadow-grass, sedges, poppies and so
; on and dune sands alternating with bulky saltwort.
I Poplar, tamarisk, olive, licorice, Bermuda gra~s, Aeluropus grass, saltwort,
. desert sedge, reedmace, bush grass and various types of saltworts.
There are 28 s ecies of mammals in the forest reserve, including the Bukhara
, P
! deer, Persian gazelle and spotted hyena; the jackal, desert monitor, skink,
cobra, blunt-nosed viper, saw-scaled viper and so on are common. A total of
143 species of birds, including the pheasant, pin-tailed sand grouse, goosan-
~ der, gadwall, whooper swan, golden-eye, tufted duck, great bustard, stone
curlew, desert owl, little owl and so on has been noted. Carp, barbels (Aral
Sea and Turkestan), Bukhara roach, Turkestan gudgeon, Aspiolucius fish and so
~ on inhabit the reservoirs of the forest reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
~ tion and to increase the population of the Bukhara deer, Persian gazelle,
~ pheasant and also migratory birds which winter on the reservoirs of ~he forest
reserve and to study the tugay vegetation.
~ Turkmen SSR
Badkhyzy State Forest Reserve
(Turkmen SSR, Kushka, Morgunovka settlement)
It was organized in 1941 with an area of 87,640 hectares. It is located on
the territory of Takhta-Bazarskiy and Serakhskiy Rayons, Maryyskaya Oblast in
the intarfluve of the Tedzhen and Murgab Rive rs.
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It is subordinate to the State Carunittee of Forestry, Turlanen SSR Council of
Ministers.
A natural desert oomplex, subtropical semi-savannahs, pistachio forests, re-
sidual bald mountains and cliffs are typical for the forest reserve.
There are approximately 430 species of higher plants in the forest reserve,
],0 percent of which are endemic: the Kushkino tulip, Badkhyz kuziniya and
so on; Linchevskiy's kuziniya and linguiform feathergrass are'found among rare
species. The pistachio, which occupies considerable areas, Afghan fig tree,
Turqana poplar, prickly almond and so on are canmon among ancient plants;
bulbous meadowgrass, various species of sedges, poppies, malcomia, horned
poppy, tulips, irises, honeysuckle, Gagea, ~ussian sea kale, .:ampion, tansy,
kuziniya, desert lyme grass, ferula, saltwort, milk vetch, scurf-pea, camel
thorn, onions (Caspian and qiant) and so on dominate among grassy plants. .
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 37 species of animals, including
rare animals: wild boar (aboriginal population), Persian gazelle, mountain ~
goat, leopard, spotted hyena, Indian honey-badger, karakal lynx and so on;
the Afghan vole, great gerbil, steppe cat, porcupirie, Siberian ibex and so on
are also found; there are 37 species of reptiles: the monitor, agamas (I~or-
asan and steppe), geckoes, snake-eyed lizards, yashchurki, long-legged skink, ~
blunt-nosed viper, saw-scaled viper, cobra, sand snakes, arrow snake, chicken-
snakes (variegated and red-banded), steppe tortoise and so on; there are ap-
proximately 200.species of birds, including the bay-backed shrike, Indian
tinted lapwing, courser, Houbara buzzard, griffon wlture, black kite, ant-
eater, Egyptian vulture, black vulture, snake eater, falcon, booted eagle,
keklik, desert grouse, sheldrake and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of conser-
vation and restoration of the wild ass, Persian gazelle and mountain goat
population and to study and restore pistachios. ~
Krasnovodsk State Forest Reserve
(Turkmen SSR, Krasnovodsk, ulitsa Chapayeva, 15)
It was organized in 1932 as the Gasan- Kuliysk Forest Reserve; it was renamed
. the Krasnovodsk Forest Reserve in 1968. It has an area of 26~,037 hectares,
bf which 192,129 hectares occupy reservoirs. It is located in the Turkmen SSR
along the Caspian Sea coast and the sections of desert adjacent to it.
It is subordinate to the Main Administ ration of Nature Conservation, Game
Preserves and Iiunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes nine species of mammals and 140 spe-
cies of birds, including rare species--the Indian honey-badger, flamingo and
so on; the francolin nests here.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the nature
of shallow bays of the eastern and southeastern regions of the Caspian Sea and
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i
i
i ~
' the desert adjacent to them, study of the wintering areas of flamingos, divers
; and river ducks, bal d coots and other birds and observation of the perennial
changes of the bird populations in the win~ering areas and study of the ecol-
' ogy of wintering birds.
~ Repetek State Forest Reserve
i
i~ (Turkmen SSR, Chardzhouskaya Oblast, Repetek Station)
~ It was organized in 1928 and has exited since 1952 in its current boundaries
I with an area of 34,274~hectares. It is located in the southeastern part of
' the Karakumy.
~
~ It is subordinate to the Institute of Deserts, Turkmen SSR Academy of Sciences.
~ ~
The territory of the forest reserve is a tract of consolidated sand dunes with
. shrub thickets and barkhan-stratified sands of the Amu-Dar'ya barkhan strip
' w~th rarefied psammophytic vegetation. A total of 134 species ox aboriginal
plants, 18 species of cultivated trees and shrubs and 59 species not inherent
to the forest reserve territoxy imported from nther locations has been re-
~ corded in the reserve area. Black saksaul veqetation, where more than 100
! species of plants grow, is most abundant. T'he flora of ephemerals and ephem-
~ eroids (peacock poppy, camomile, delphiniums, malcolmia, mortuk, drooping
brome, ilak and so on) is abundant.
~ The predominant vegetation grouping of the forest reserve is white saksaul
thickets where saltwort, ephedra, dog's-tooth violet, Amanodendron and so on
; are common. The vegetation of the transition zone from moving barkhan sande
' to dune sands is widely distributed. Selinum (Karelin's and feathered),
; Litvinov's ferula, small-leaved milk vetch and so on are typical here.
I' The vegetation of moving barkhan sands is also distinguished in the forest
' reserve. Background species of barkhan sands are Ammodendron and also eremo-
sparton, smirnovia, selins, heliotropes, dog's-tooth violets (white and
; black3? ephedra and so on. ~
There are 23 species of reptiles in the forest reserve, of which the more com-
! mon are the Phrynocephalus lizards, yashchurki, skink, grey monitor, saw-
scaled viper, arrowsnake and so on. ~aenty-nine species of mananals are found:
rodents predominate and the great gerbil, tolai hare, long-clawed ground
squirrel, long-eared hedgehog and jerboas (northern thzee-toed, desert and
comb-toed) are common; the mottled polecat, weasel, wolf, jackal, korsac fox,
African wildcat, sand cat, caracal lynx, fox, Persian gazelle, porcupine,
dwarf bat and so on are found. Approximately 140 species of birds has been
recorded (there are 229 species in the Karakumy), of which 30 species are
nesting birds. An endemic species is the saksaul jay; the white-winged wood-
I , pecker, desert raven, pin-tailed sand grouse, desert nightjar, desert warbler,
' yellow wagtail, red-spotted.bluethroat, spotted flycatcher, long-eared awl
and so on are abundant. There are many endemic forms of insects; nocturnal
ground beetles, scarabs, tree-borers, tiger and ground beetles, ants and so on
are abundant.
~
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, The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of conser-
vation and to study the saksaul thin forest, to study the natural complex of
the sand desert, the evolution ~f the barkhan-stratified relief and to devel-
op methods of maintenance and strenqtheninq of sands and methods of adapta-
t3on of livinq organisms to arid conditions.
Uzbek SSR
Aral-Paygambar State Forest Reserve
(Uzbek SSR, Surkhandar'inskaya Oblast, Termez, ulits Leningradskaya, 1)
It was organized in 1960 and has existed since 1971 in its current boundaries.
It has an area of 3,850 hectares, of which 2,975 hectares are forest area. It
located on an island of the Amu-Dar'ya River.
' It is subordinate to the State Com�nittee of Forestry, Uzbek SSR Council of
Ministers. �
Tugai forests of turanga and olive, tamarisk thickets, dzhinqil, reed thick-
ets, licorice thickets and sand desert sections are typical for the forest
reserve.
There are three species of tugais on the island: poplar that forms a closed
cover with undergrowth of olive and depressed grass cover (the closeness of
the tree stand is up to 80 percent), Russian wild olive or olive frequently
with tamarisk and poplar, thickets of licorice, pl=.une grass, reed, reedmace,
intertwined swallow-wart and dogbane and tamarisk with poplar thickets and .
halophyte plants: saltw~ort, bean caper, camel thorn, Halostachys and so on.
Saksaul, Nitraria, Calligonum aphyllum, bean caper and erianthus graw in the
desert part of the forest reserve; there are many ephemerals.
7.'he Bukhara deer, wild boar, wolf, jackal, karagana fox, jungle cat and short-
tailed bandicoot rat inhabit the tugai; 79 species of birds--the Turkestan
rock-dove, stock-dove, common crane, gray-lag goose, sheldrake, herons (great
white and common), night heron, kestrel, moor buzzard, white-tailed eagle,
black buzzard, Turkestan eagle owl, desert aral, little desert owl, Turkestan
~roller, green bee-eater and so on; the pheasant is common.
There are many reptiles--desert monitor, steppe agama, blunt-nosed viper and
so on--in'the desert part of the island.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the vegetation and
~animal world of tugais, to develop methods of conservation and restoration of
~the natural complex and to study the ecology of the Bukhara deer. �
Baday-Tugay State Forest Reserve
(Karakalpakskaya ASSR, Nukus, ulitsa Engel'sa, 102a) ~
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~ It was organized in 1971 with an area of 6,497 hectares, of which 5,987 hec-
' tares are forest area and 105 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the
Amu-Dar'ya River floodplain in Biruniyskiy Rayon. .
' It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forestry, Uzbek SSR Council of
~ Ministers.
T'he territory of the forest reserve is oovered with tugai vegetation. Persian
~ asparagus is found among rare species of plants.
!I The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of conser-
- vation and restoration of the tugai forest complex and the desert adjacent to
~ it and to study the ecosystems of islandss and peninsulas in the Amu-Dar'ya
j River floodplain.
' Vardanzi Desert-Sand Game Preserve
I It was organized in 1975 with an area of 324 hectares. It is located in
' Shafrikanskiy Rayon, Bukharskaya Oblast.
i The territory of the forest reserve is a section of valley-desert forests of
the most widely distributed type of vegetation in Uzbekistan. The predominate
~ tree variety is saksaul (plantations of saksaul of artificial origin are bet-
! ~ ter represented here); thickets of ferula, ephedra, camel thorn and other
i desert plants are also typical.
' The main value of the forest reserve is the ancient city of Vardanzi buried
~ under the sand.
' Zaaminsk State Forest Reserve
(Uzbek SSR, Syr'dar'inskaya Oblast, Dzhizak, ulitsa Lenina, 19)
. It was organized in.1960 with an area of 10,560 hectares, of which 10,514
i hectares are forest area. It is located in the Pamir-Alay in the Guralash-
i Saya River valley in Zaaminskiy and Bakhmal'skiy Rayons.
It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forestry, Uzbek SSR Council of
Ministers.
r Thin woody vegetation, fescue and wheat-grass associations are found in the
steppe zone of the forest reserve; desert-candle, skullcap, bulbous meadow
' grass and other species are found in the steppe zone of the forest reserve.
The vegetation of the timber zone is occupied by juniper thickets (three spe-
cies); barberry, service-berry, ephedra, rose, mountain ash and so on are
typical. Mount ain xerophytes--acanthus lemon, kuziniya, oxytropis, speedwell
~ and so on--predominate in the subalpine zone.
The fauna of the forest reserve is typical for the steppe and forest zones of
the Central Asian mountains. The white-clawed bear, lynx, mountain goat,
bighorn sheep, long-tailed marmet, porcupine and also the Himalayan snow par-
tridge, rock partridge, rose-colored starling, Indian mynah and so on are
found here.
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The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the ecosystems of
high-altitude vegetation zones (steppe, forest and subalpine).
Zeravshan Forest Reserve
I~ was organized in 1975 with an area of 2,518 hectares. It is located in
Bulungurskiy and Dzhambayskiy Rayons, Camarkandskaya Oblast.
The main type of vegetation of the forest reserve is buckthorn thickets. The
Zeravshan pheasant is common.
Karakul' State Forest Reserve
(Uzbek SSR, Bukharskaya Oblast, Karakul'skiy Rayon, Alat settlement)
It was organized in 1971 with an area of 21,021 hectares, of which 18,673 r~ec-
tares are forest are and 333 hsctares are reservoirs. It is located in Bu-
kharskaya Oblast between the Amu-Bukhara and Amu-Karalsul' irrigation canals
in the laaer reaches of the Zeravshan River.
It is subordinate to the State Committee of Forestry, Uzbek SSR Council of
Ministers.
= The forest reserve is located on the boundary of an oasis and sand desert and
therefore it can be called a desert-oasis type. The greater part of the ter-
ritory is occupied by aeolian sand tracts in combination with depressions, ~
bulky solonchaks, takyr and dry and flooded lakes. The most common among the
plants are the black saksaul, tamarisk, calligonum, Selinum grass, camel thorn,
saltwort and reedst there are many halophytes and an abundance of ephemerals
in spring.
The animal world of the forest reserve is abundant. The lakes and channels
are inhabited by more than 20 species of fish: common carp, Zeravshan dace,
barbel, Aspius, sichel, silver carp, Amur and so on; there are approximately
40 species of reptiles--Phrynocephalus lizards (sand and eared), desert mon-
itor, qeckoes (ski~nk and comb-toed), steppe agama, steppe tortoise, sand
snake, chickensnakes, saw-scaled viper and so on.
- A total of 278 species of birds has been recorded in the forest reserve, in-
cluding the stone curlew, saksaul jay �tugai nightingale, cowbird, little owl,
eagle owl, long-legged buzzard, Houbara buzzard, Zeravshan pheasant, geese,
ducks and so on. The wild boar, Persian gazelle, jackal, fox, desert cat,
tolai hare, jerboas, great and red-tailed gerbils, long-eared hedgehog, bats
and so on are found among the mammals.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the changes of vege-
tation and the animal world of the desert zone with regard to construction ~
of irrigation canals.
Kyzyl-Kumy State Forest Reserve
(Uzbek SSR, Chardzhouskaya Oblast, Dargan~Ata Post Office)
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It was organized in 1971 with an area of 4,000 hectares, of which 3,100 hec-
tares are forest area and 820 hectares are reservairs. It is located in the
Amu-Dar'ya River floodplain.
It is subordinate to the State Cotnmittee of Forestry, Uzbek SSR Council of
Ministers.
` Tugai-sand natural complexes are typical for the forest reserve. The Bukhara
i
; deer, Persian gazelle and pheasant are especially interesting among animals-
I
~ The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the tugai-sand com-
plexes and also to study and develop methods of conservation of the Bukhara
deer, Persian gazelle, pheasant and other animals. ~
Kyzyl-Suy Mountain-Juniper Forest Reserve
(Uzbek SSR, Kashkandar'inskaya Oblast, Yakkabagskiy Rayon, Yakkabag
settlement)
It was orqanized in 1975 with an area of 17,800 hectares. It is located in
. Yakkabagskiy Rayon, Kashkardar'inskaya Qblast.
~ ~ao species of juniperi-Zeravshan and semispherical, maples (Semenov's and
i Turkestan), barberries (elongated and round-leaved), pears (common, Bukhara
and Regel's), gissarian apple, cherries (almond-colored and warty), hawthorns
' (Songorsk, Pontian and Turkestan), Persian mountain ash, round-leaved honey-
suckle, roses (Samarkand and Fedchenko's) and so on are of special interest
among woody-shrubby plants.
~ The fauna of the forest reserve is abundant and aiverse. Such species as the
snow leopard, Central Asian ibex, wild boar, Turkestan subspecies of lynx,
' Tyan'-Shan' subspecies of brown bear, Turkestan subspecies of otter, marten,
~ weasel, tolai hare, wolf, fox, badger, porcupine, long-tailed marmet and so
on are found. The snow partridge, keklik, rock dove, ring-dove, bearded
wlture, Egyptian wlture and so on are common among the birds.
The unique karst Tamerlane's cave, framed with stalactites and stalagmites,
is in the forest reserve; the cave is 10-15 meters high, 8-10 met~rs wide and
625 meters long. ~
Nurata Mountain-Nut Forest Reserve
~ It was organized in 1975 with an area of 22,537 hectares. It is located in
Farshinskiy Rayon, S~rdar'ir~skaya Oblast. .
Woody-shrubby vegetation grows primarily in the sayakh area. The nut forests
i are usually confined to well-moistened rich soils and are located on northern
~ slopes well protected from cold winds. Under favorable conditions a walnut
tree reaches 36 meters in height with diameter up to 2.3 meters and develops
a thick crown. Several types of nut trees--pomaceous, plum, mixed, mixed-
grass and so on--are found in the forest reserve. Pomaceous nut trees are ~
~
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most frequently found. These are rather thin plantations with walnut and
Sievers apple trees in the first level and wild mirobelan and hawthorn in the
second leveli the grass cover is well developed. ~
. Plum nut trees are also found, where the first level is formed of walnut ancl
the second is formed of wild mirobelan, Sievers apple, maple and so on. Such
varieties as mulberry, ash, Mahaleb cherry and so on also grow in the nut
forests.
The animal world of the forest reserve is abundant--the wild boar, fox, wolf,
porcupine and hare are numexous; the bear and badger are found, there are
many species of birds and tn..re are snakes. A rare species--Severtsov's sheep,
recorded in the "Red Book"--is found.
Chatkal'skiy State Forest Reserve
(Uzbek SSR, Tashkentskaya Oblast, Verkhnechirchikskiy Rayon, Parkent Village)
It was organized in 1947 with an area of 35,255.5 hectares, of which 10,450
hectares are forest area and 13,839 hectares are meadows and pastures. It is
located.in the western part of the Tyan'-Shan'.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Nature Conservation, Game
Preserves and Hunting, USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
Ecosystems of mixed grass dry steppe of the Turan type and woody-shrubby vege-
tation (nut-fruit trees and juniper thickets), high-mountainous steppe, pis-
tachios, alpine meadows and cliffs are typical for the forest reserve. A total
of 712 species of higher plants, approximately 40 species of trees and shrubs
~ and Z2 rare and endemic species is known; there are many wild fruit plants--
pear, apple, wild mirobelans, cherries, barberry and so on.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes 31 sp2cies of mammals: mountain
goat, wild boar, roe deer, bear, snow leopard, porcupine, Menzbier's marmet,
snow partridge, keklik, griffin vulture and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is complex study of the ecologi-
cal systems of mountain forests and meadowa of the western horns o� the Chat-
kal'skiy Range, development of inethods of restoration and conservation of
mountain forests on reserve and non-reserve territories, study of savin, wild
fruit and other trees of the Western Tyan'-Shan' and methods of conservation,
restnration and efficient use of them and the search for methods of restora-
tion and increase c?f the population of the m~untain goat, snow leopard, keklik,
snow partridge and so on.
Ukrainian SSR
Azov-Sivash Game-Hunting Preserve
(Ukrainian SSR, IQlersonskaya Oblast, Genichesk)
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~ It was organized in 1957 on the basis of the Azovo-Sivash Forest Reserve
(1927). It has an area of 33,697 hectares (including water basin) and 8,497
hectares a:te located on land. It is located on the coastal islands of the
Sea of Azov and the Sivash.

~
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry, Ukrainian SSR.
The game and hunting preserve includes Biryuchiy Island in the Sea of Azov and
four islands on the Sivash: Kuyuktuk, Churyuk, Martyniy and Kitay. The dunes,
salt lakes and sand and solonchak vegetation are of interest in the preserve
territory. Tall reed thickets, plantings of olive, false acacia, tamarisk and
so on are located in the coastal parts of the islands. The nature of the is-
lands of the "Rotting Sea" (as the Sivash is frequently called) is typical for
the alkaline steppe and solonchaks of the pre-Sivash era.
Colonies of herring gulls ("martyny"), sea dovea, terns and other birds are
similar t~ the bird bazaars of the Transarctic region. The k~ustard, demoiselle
crane and othe~: nest on the territory of the preserve. Deer, fallow deer and
pheasant have become acclimatized on Biryuchiy Island.
The scientific profile is to develop methods of conservation and reproduction
of valuable species of local fauna and acclimatized species.
~ Askaniya-Nova State Forest Reserve
(Ukrainian SSR, IQzersonskaya Ob~ast, Chaplinskiy Rayon, Askaniya-Nova
settlement)
It was organized in 1921 and has existed since 1956 in its modern boundaries,
with an area of 11,000 hectares.. It is located in Khersonskaya Oblast in the
South Ukrainian arid sheep's fescue-feathergrass virgin steppe.
It is subordinate to the Southern Division, All-Union Academy of Agricultural
Sciences imeni V. I. Lenin.
The Askaniya steppe numbers 417 species of plants; cereal ~rasses predominate--
feathergrasses, fescue and hare-grass. Tulips, irises, mullei.n, pinks, sand-
wort, goat's-beard and so on are abundant among the mixed grass. There are
more thGn 150 species and forms of trees and shrubs in the arboretum. Approx-
imat~ly 40 species of plants of the forest reserves arp endemic to the southern
Ukrainian SSR; there are 56 rare and 10 disappearing sp~cies.
Amonq the birds larks, quail, tawny pipit, common partridge, steppe eagle,
pale harrier and.the kestrel are numerous; the demoiselle crane, stone curlew,
bustard and little bustard are rare. The souslik, great gerbil and others are
common in the forest reserve; the Himalay~n marmet has been reacclimatized.
The Askaniya-Nova contains such species of animals as Przewalski's horse, ante-
lopes (eland, gnu and nilgai), zebra, ostriches (rhea and emu), pheasants,
whooper swan, black swan and so on.
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The scientific profile of the forest reserve is acclimatization and develop-
ment of inethods of conservation of rare species of animals, conservation of
a section of virgin fescue-feathergrass steppe of the subzone of arid fe~ther-
- grass steppes, to study t!~e dynamics of the vegetation cover and the biology
of promising wild-growing fodder grasses and to develop methods of conserva-
tion and restoration of the vegetation cover of the forest reserve steppe.
Dnepr-Teterev State Forest and Hunting Preserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Kievskaya Oblast, Kievo-Svyatoshinskiy Rayon, Sukhosuch'ye
Vi~lage)
~ It was organized in 1968 with an area of 30,265 hectares, of which 17,210
hectares are forest area and 9,332 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in
_ the northern part of Kievskaya Oblast (the southern part of the eastern Poles'-
ye) in the mixed forest zone.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry, Ukrainian SSR.
There are many swamps and lakes in the forest reserve. The mammals include
the wild boar, roe deer and beaver; the red deer has been acclimatized and the
black grouse and common partridge (rare) are found; there is an abundance of
aquatic and marsh wildlife.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of conser-
vation and reproduction of the natural complex of the eastern Poles'ye.
Zalessk~ye State Forest and Hunting Preserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Kievskaya Oblast, Brovarskiy Rayon, Bogdanovka Fost Office)
It was organized in 1965 on the basis of a hunting preserve (195?;. It has an
area of 35,089 hectares, of which 11,908 hectares are forest area and 150 hec-
tares are reservoirs. It is located in Brovarskiy Rayon, Kievskaya Oblast,
on the left bank of the Desna River.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry, Ukrainian SSR.
The main forest-formi.ng variety is pine. Broad-leaved forests with thick un-
dergrowth are found in the Ovrut natural boundary. Ancient earthworks that
served to shelter the residents of ICievskaya Rus' during the onslaught of ag-
gressors are located in the natural boundary. ,
Kanevskiy State Forest Reserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Cherkasskaya Oblast, Kanevskiy Rayon)
It was organized in 1931 and has existed since 1968 in its current boundaries.
It has an area of 1,042 hectares, of which 952 hectares are forest area and 1
hectare is reservoir. It is located in Cherkasskaya Oblast on the right bank
of the Dnepr River.
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It is subordinate to the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Educa-
tion, Ukrainian SSR.
The territory of the forest reserve is represented by typical Central Dnepr
� landscapes. The Kanevskiye Mountains are an interesting geological forma-
tion: there are outcrops of deposits of the Triassic and Jurassic periods
and the fossils of ancient animals are riumerous; a settlement of ancient mam-
moth hunters has been found.
Intensive erosion processes are found in the forest reserve. .
The meadow vegetation on Kruglik Island, the hornbeam oakwoods of the Kanev-
skiye Mountains, the hornbeam forest and steppe sections are interesting. The
- flora of the forest reserve numbers approximately 800 species of flowering
plants, approximately 150 species of mosses and lichens and 500 species of
mushrcomss There are many relic and endemic species of plants.
Among the animals the lynx, roe deer, wild boar, badger, marten and squirrel
are common; there is a colony of beavers on Kruglik Island and the otter is
found.
� The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of conser-
vation and to study the unique natural complex of the Kanevskiye Mountains and
also the biocenoses of the forest reserve (their composition and productivity)
and sections of the relic hornbeam forest and to study erosion processes.
� Carpathian State Forest Reserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Ivano-Frankovskaya Oblast)
It was organized in 1968 with an area of 12,672 hectares, of which 11, 913
hectares are forest area and 691 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in
Ivano-Franlco~skaya and Zakarpatskaya Oblasts .
It is subordinate to the Ministry of the Timber and Woodworking Industry,
Ukrainian SSR.
The zone distribution of vegetation is well marked in the CYiernogorsk tract of
the Carpathian Mountains. Yew, Swiss stone pine, savin, European green alder,
rhododendron, larch, Hungarian lilac, monkshood, aster, columbine and so on
are common in the forest reserve. A total of 4 endemic, 17 rare and 4 disap-
pearing species of plants has been recorded.
The animals include the deer, roe deer, wild boar, marten, ermine, lynx,
bear, wildcat, squirrel, snow vole and also the great grouse, black grouse,
hazel hen, black stork, eagle owl and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest, reserve is to develop methods of re-
storing the natural complexes of the high-mountain landscape of the Carpathian
Mountains and also of the rare and disappearing species of plants and animals.
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. Crimean State Forest and Hunting Preserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Krymskaya Oblast, Alushta, ulitsa Putsatova, 29)
It wa~ organized in 1957 on the basis of a forest reserve. It has an area of
30,741 hectares, of which 28,010 hectares are forest area and 61 hectares ere
reserv~oirs. It is located in the mountain part of the Crimea.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry, Ukrainian SSR.
_ Beech, oak and pine forests are located on the slopes of the mountains and
they cover approximately 90 percent of the territory. The main forest-forming
varieties are oaks (pedunculate, sessile and pubescent) and pines (common and
Scots); oriental hornbeam, maples, lindens, European alder and elm are found
in the form of an admixture and the shrubs include hawthorns, oriental horn-
beam, smoketree, cornel, filbert, spindle-trees, dogwood,~barberry, mountain
ash, roses and so on. There are relic and endemic species: common yew, ar-
borescent juniper, coral root and so on. The total flora of the forest and
~ ~hunting preserve numbers approximately 1,030 species of plants, including
approximately 100 species of trees and shrubs. '
The Crimean red deer, roe deer, mouflon, wild boar, stone marten, badger and
~ox are typical for the preserve fauna. Six species of freshwater fish, 4
species of amphibians, 10 species of reptiles and 39 species of mammals have
been noted; th~re are 162 species of birds in the mountain-~orest part. A
branch of the preserve is swan island near the northwestern coast of the penin-
sula where large accumulations of birds form during migration, moulting and
wintering, including several thousand mute swans. A total of 192 species of
birds has been recorded on swan islands. .
The scientific profile of the forest and hunting preserve is to develop methods
of conservation and reproduction of the natural complex of the mountain-forest
Crimea.
Lugansk State Forest Reserve With Strel'tsovskaya Steppe and Kondrashev ~
Forestry Branches
(Ukrainian SSR, Voroshilovgradskaya Oblast, Luganskoye-2 station, ulitsa
Rubezhnaya, 95)
It was organized in 1968 with an area of 992 hectares, of which 448 hectares
are forest area and 12 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on the left bank
of the Northern Donets River floodplain.
It is subordinate to the Institute of Zoology, Ukrainian SSR Academy of
Sciences.
Floodplain tree plantations and northern versions of mixed grass-fescue-
feathergrass steppes are typical for the forest reserve.
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Sheep's fescue, feathergrass, fescues, Syreyshchikov's bent, small-reed,
, ground cherry, spiraea, tartar maple, epindle-tree and so on are typical among
' the plants. A total of 500 species of plants, of which 8 are rare, is known
~ in the forest reserve.
' The fauna in.clude 24 species of mammals (includirig the European bobak-marmet)
and 90 species of birds.
' The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the natural land-
scapes of floodplane forests, mead~ows and steppes and to develop methods of
conservation and reproduction of the bobak-marmet and desman.
Mys Mart'yan State Forest Reserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Crimea, Yalta, Nikitskiy Botanical Garden)
It was organized in 1973 with an area of 240 hectares, of which 100 hectares
are forest area and 120 hectares are reservoirs. It is contained in the Ni-
kitskiy Botanical Garden on the plains of the section.
It is subordinate to the Southern Division of VASIQiNIL [All-Union Academy of
. Agricultural Sciences imeni V. I. Lenin]. ~
' The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study and preserve in the
natural state the natural complex typical for the oak-juniper forests ~nd
, shrub thickets of the southern coast of the Crimea with the adjacent Black Sea
~ basin.
Poles'ye State Forest Reserve
~(Ukrainian SSR, Zhitomirskaya Oblast, Olevskiy Rayon)
It was organized in 1968 with an area of 20,097 hectares, o~ which 17,088
hectares are forest area and 8 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in the
upper reaches of the Ubort' River.
, It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry, Ukrainian SSR.
, Forest and marsh biocenoses of the Volynskoye Poles'ye--pinp forests, subpine
forests, peat bogs with cranberries, relir thickets of common rhododendron and
plantations of sesille oak--are typical for the forest reserve.
The elk, lynx, nutria, muskrat, roe deer, wild boar, forest marten and so on
~are common among the animals; the birds include the black grouse, great grouse,
, ~iazel hen, common partridge, black stork and so on.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of conser-
vation and to study the typical pine forests and subpine forests an.a peat bogs
of the Volynskoye Poles'ye and to study the nutria colonies.
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Ukrainian State Steppe Forest Reserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Donetskaya Oblast, Novoazovskiy Rayon, IQiomutovo Post Office)
It was organized in 1961 on the basis of four forest reserves--Mikhaylovskaya
tselina, Strel' ovskaya steppe, IQlomutovskaya steppe and Kamennyye mogily.
It has an area of 1,634 hectares, of which 3 hectares is occupied by reser-
voirs. It is located on the territory of Donetskaya, Luganskaya and Sumskaya
. Oblasts.
It is subordinate to the Institute of Botany, Ukrainian SSR Academy of
Sciences.
The forest reserve is represented by virgin meadow steppes (Mikhaylovskaya ~ ~
tselina), mixed grass-fescue-feathergrass virgin steppe on pre-Azov chernozems
(I~omutovskaya steppe), a rocky steppe and also vegetation of granite cliffs
(Kamennyye mogily) with narrow endemic species. A total of 540 species of
plants, including 8 rare species, is known in the forest reserve.
The typical species of IQzomutovskaya steppe are cereal grasses: fescue, ~
feathergrass, wheat-grass, brome and so on; there is an abundance of Russian
sea kale; endemic and relic plants--tall gypsophila, Azov snakeweed, Scythian
greenweed, Chernyayev's flax and so on--are found on limestone deposits; buck-
thorn and blackthorn are common among the shrubs.
Kamennyye mogily is distinguished by an abundance and diversity of ephemerals
and ephemeroids. Hyacinths, granite tulips, star of Bethlehem, goose onions,
chickweed, alyssum, prominents, pea, scrow and so on grow here.
Mikhaylovskaya tselina is a mesophyllous version of mixed grass-cereal grass-
meadow steppe with predominance of tyrsov and mixed gras~-f~scue-tyrsov group-
ings. Typical plants are spring adonis, snowdrop anemone, Hungarian iris,
meadow sage and feathergrasses; species endemic to the European~USSR are found
--Yevgeniy's carnation, cuneate delphinium, rose iris and so on.
The marmet, iox, weasel, modelled polecat, Europear~ hare, mole rat, hamster,
great gerbil, iong-eared hedgehog, Renard's viper, yellow-bellied rat snake,
water snake, common partridge and so on inhabit the forest reserve.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study steppe ecosystems,
to develop methods of conservation of steppe sections in the forest-steppe and
steppe zone and to study the ecology of rare and endemic species.
Black Sea State Forest Reserve
(Ukrainian SSR, I~?ersonskaya Oblast, Golaya pristan', ulitsa Dneprovskaya, l)
It was organized in 1927 with an area of 63,806 hectares, of which 417 hec-
tares are forest area and 51,200 hectares are reservoirs. It is located in
I~ersonskaya and Nikolayevskaya Oblasts along the Black Sea coast �rom the
Dnepr-Bug estuary to Dzharylgach Bay.
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It is subordinate to the Institute of Zoology, Ukrainian SSR Academy of
Sciences.
Marked fescue-wormwood steppes, solonchaks, birch, oak, pine grove and alder
forest, sand dunes, salt lakes and coastal (including island) ecosystems and
Scythian mounds are typical for the forest reserve. A total of 605 species
of plants is known, including jurinea, qrain-leaved sea-lavender, Dnepr broom,
downy-flowered wheat grass, field wormwood, sand centaury, common whitlow
grass, alyssum, dead-nettle, violets, forget-me-nots, campanula, squill,
' buttercup, feathergrasses, solonehak aster, hairy vetch, iris, Dnepr mother-
of-thyme and Seguer's spurge; woody varieties include oaks, elm, Dnepr birch
and so on.
The forest reserve is inhabited by 43 species of mammals, 280 species of birds,
8 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians and 40 species of fish. The
main value of the forest reserve,is as nesting locations, wintering areas and
migratory routes of birds, among which are many valuable and rare species.
Seagulls and terns are numerous and there are ducks in ].arge quantities. The
forest reserve serves as a resting spot in the migration of geese, swans,
stints and sparrows and its bays are the most important wintering location of
swans and ducks. The pheasant, common partridge, herons, storks and so on
nest in the forest-steppe sections. Among the rare species are found the bus-
tard, little bustard, red-breasted qoose, demoiselle crane and white-tailed
eagle.
Among the reptiles in the forest reserve, the four-banded snake, Renard's
viper, variegated lizard, sand lizard and smooth snakes (water and grass) are
common; the mammals include the spotted seal, great jerboa, thick tailed
; three-toed jerboa, mole rat, hedgehog, muskrat, steppe polecat and so on.
' The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the ecology of the
black-headed gull, ducks and other birds and also to study the coastal ecosys-
tems and ecosystems of steppe sections.
Yalta State Mountain-Forest Reserve
(Ukrainian SSR, Yalta)
It was organized in 1973 with an area of 14,180 hectares, of which 10,872
hectares are forest area and 1 hectare is reservoirs.
it is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry, Ukrainian SSR.
The forest reserve includes 1,800 species of plants and many rare and endemic
species.
Estonian SSR
Viydu-Myae State Forest Reserve
(Estonian SSR, Kingiseppskiy Rayon, Lyumanda Post Office, Viydu Village)
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It was organized Yn 1958 with an area of 593 hectares, of which 461 hectares
are forest areas. It is located on Lake Saaremaa and along the Baltic Sea
~ coast.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Estoni-
an SSR. ,
The forest reserve is divided into three parts by relief: a plateau section
adjacent to the western Saaremaa lowland, steep terrace and level marshy sec-
tion. Mixed and in places marshy forests predominate; there are alpine and
oak forest and heath forests. ~
The main value of the forest reserve is rare relic and endemic species of
plants and vegetation associations. Such species as ezel rattlebox, poduzlo-
vatyy rush, whitebeam, rough-toothed horsetail, forest apple, conarton yew,
hairy oxytropis, kashubskiy vetch, spurqe olive, ivy, alpine butterwort,
mountain St. John's wort, Siberian iris, lady's slipper, narrow helleborine,
fragrant orchid and pyramida]. orchid are found among the plants preserved in
the Estonian SSR in the forest reserve. ,
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to atudy rare and relic species
. of plants and plant associations.
Vil'sandiskiy State Forest Reaerve
(Estonian SSR, Kingiseppskiy Rayon)
It was organized in 158 as the yaykaekiy Forest Reserve and has existed since
1971 in its current boundaries, with an area of 10,689 hectares. It is lo=
cated on more than 100 marine rocky islands.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Eston-
ian SSR.
The preserved islands themselves, which are dolomite coral reefs of the warm
Silurian Sea, are interesting.
The vegetation is rather sparse and halophytes predominate. This is the only
habitation of 1Danish scurvy grass in Estonia. The most important object of
protection is the eider colony (approximately 200 birds). Besides the eider,
pochards and reel ducks, mergansers (goosander and red-b reasted) and grey-lag
geese nest in the forest reserve; the mute swan is included among the rare~
species. Not only the population but the species composition of the ornitho-
logical fauna has been increased as a result of protection. The Atlantic
murre, model-beaked tern, purple sandpiper and bee-eater have appeared here
during the past few years.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to develop methods of protec-
tion and to study the species composition, population and ecology of birds of
~ the marine islands (eiders, red-breasted merganser, terns, sheldrakes, grey-
lag goose and so on) and also of animals.
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Matsaluskiy State Forest Reserve
(Estonian SSR, IQzaapsaluskiy Rayon, Likhula Post Office)
It was organized in 1958 with an area of 13,500 hectares, of which 2,066.3
hectares are forest area and 2,500 hectares are reservoirs. It is located on
a plain in the western part of Estonia at the mouth of the Kazari River; the
water basin of the Matsaluskiy Bay and the archipelago of the Vyaynameri Is-
lands are included in the forest reserve.
It is subordinate to the t~iinistry of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Estonian
SSR.
Wet and flooded meadows, forest-meadows, reedmace thickets, bullrush and reed
are typical for the forest reserve and moisture-loving and aquatic vegetation
; are commQn; there are many orchids in the forest-meadaws. This is a region of
mass nesting, moulting and resting during miqration of aquatic birds; there ie
a grey-lag goose colony in the forest reserve.
~ The scientific profile of the reserve is to develop methods of protection and
to study migratory and nesting birds.
Nigulaskiy State Forest Reserve
(Estonian SSR, Kilingi-Nymme, ulitsaPyarnu, 2)
It was organized in 1958 with an area of 2,730 hectares, of which 699 hectares
are forest area. It is located in the northeast of the East European Plain.
It is encompassed by the tract of the Nigulaskiy upstream marsh and the forests
surrounding this tract.
It is subordinate to the Ministry of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Estonian
SSR.
Ecosystems of upstream marshes and the surrounding forests formed primarily
of birch are protected in the forest reserve. Peat bogs that form deposits
several meters thick predominate in the marsh. Scotch heather, black Whortle-
berry, dwarf birch, Korean rhododendron, cranberry, butterbur, sundew, cloud-
berry, cottongrass and so on are widely distributed among marsh plants. There
are many rare species of plants in fir-broad-leaved forests.
The fauna of the forest reserve includes animals typical for European forests:
elk, roe deer, wild boar, badger, fox and so on; approximately 97 species
of birds are known.
The scientific profile of the forest reserve is to study the process of bog-
ging up and t~ study the succession of plant associations and also the dynam-
~ ics of the populations and ecology of individual species of animals and plants.
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Forest Reserves Organized in 1976
Kabardino-Balkarskaya State Forest Reserve
It has an area of 53,300 hectares and is located on the northern slopes of ~
Main Caucasian Ridqe in Sovetskiy and Chegemskiy Rayons of the Kabardino-
Balkarskaya ASSR in the Chereka Balkarskiy and Bizengiyskiy and Chegema River
basins.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves at-
tached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The territory of the forest reserve includes the main mass of mountains--5,000
meter peaks with special climate and qeomorphological structure. The tur, ~ .
chamois, snow leopard, snow partridge and so on are found among the animals.
The forest reserve was organized to study the natural complexes of high moun-
tain northern slopes of the Caucasus and rare and endemic species of plants
and animals.
Malaya Sos'va State Forest Reserve
It has an area of 92,900 hectares and is located in Sovetskiy Rayon of IQzanty-
Mansiysk National Okrug, Tyumenskaya Oblast.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves ~
attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
Pine forests, larch and birch forests, floodplains with lakes and marshes and
so on are typical for the landscape of the forest reserve.
The wild reindeer is common among the animals; e1k, sable, lynx, mink, otter
and muskrat are numerous; the great grouse population is high. There is a
protected zone around the forest reserve within which beaver colonies have
been located. �
The forest reserve was organized to conserve and study the taiga natural com-
plex of Western Siberia and the aboriginal popuZation of the Ural beavers
and valuable species of commercial hunting animals, birds and fish.
�Vrangel' Island State Forest Reserve
It has an area of 795,600 hectares and is located on Vrangel' and Geral'd
Islands.
It is subordinate to the Main Administration of Hunting and Game Preserves at-
tached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
The islands on which the forest reserve is located are related to the Arctic
desert subzone. Despite the extreme conditions, one can encounter small areas
of locked vegetation and the initial stages of the soil-forming process. The
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vegetation is distinguished in nature by Arctic lichen, moss and grass
wilderness. The grass-shrub, grass-moss and white dryas-mixed grass-lichen
associations are of special interest. The f lora of the forest reserve in-
- cludes 312 species of plants.
The polar bear and snow goose--species included in the "Red book," are of
special value among the animals.
One of the main birthing locations of the polar bear is located on Vrangel'
island. More than 250 female bears arrange their lairs and bring up their
offspring here. The main mass of the lairs is concentrated along the northern,
western and eastern slopes of the Drem-Khed, Tundrovaya and Kitovaya Mountains.
The USSR's largest walrus lair is located in the game preserve. The Pacific
and king eider nest here, the brent goose and snowy owl are rare and the Arc-
tic fox is common.
The game preserve is organized to conserve and study the animal and plant
world of the island part of the Arctic.
Sayan-Shushen' State Forest Reserve
It has an area of 389,600 hectares. It is subordinate to the Main Administra-
tion of Hunting and Game Preserves attached to the RSFSR Council of Ministers.
Mixed flora elements and fauna of the Altay, Sayan, Tuvy and IQ~?akassii are
typical to the game preserve. Endemic, rare and disappearing species of
plants and animals are found. The vegetation represented by a number of
formations--from mountain-steppe to alpine and tundra--is diverse. The Siber-
ian ibex and reindeer of the mountain-taiga form are common among the animals;
the Siberian red dog and Altay snow partridge, entered in the "Red book," are
found among rare species.
The game preserve was created to protect the mountain-taiga natural complexes.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Lesnaya promyshlennost 1977
6521
CSO: 8144/088
- END -
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