JPRS ID: 10533 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060046-0
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 71
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 46
• Content Type: REPORTS

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FOR ~FFICIAL USE ONLY
JF~RS L/ 10533
20 May 1982
~
~/1/orldwide Re ort
. p
a .
. NARCOTICS AND ~ANGEROUS DRUGS
CFOUO 23/32)
~g~$ FOREIGIV BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY
~
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JPItS L/10533
20 May 1982
WORLDW I I~ REPORT ~
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
GFOiTO 23/82Z
CONTENTS
ASIA
~ AUSTRALIA
Victo rian Crime Commission Wil 1 Fbcus oa Drug Iasues
(Bill Birnbauei; 7SE ~6E, 24 Mar 82) 1
Commission Hears New Disclosures oa Nug,an Hand Drub Links
(~iE SYD~IEY 1~RNING HEx~ALD, 25 Mar 82, ~iE WEST
AUSTRALIAN, 26 Mar 82) 2
Police Involvement
Opposition Charges
Na tion's Bigges t Drug Bus t Ne ts Zkio lbns of Hashish
(Fia Cumming; ~iE AUS TRALIAN, 25 Mar 82) 5
Briefs
Legalized~Cannabis Oppos it~on 6
~ Zhai Cooperation Pmposal g
NZ Minister to Canberra on Drugs g .
Bank Reported in Drug Trafficking 7
_ INDIA
Heroin Iaboratories Uncov~erecl in Varanasi ~
(INDIA TOUAY, 30 Apr f32) 8
~ Briefs ~
Delhi Heroin Seizure 10
Bareilly Drug Arrests 10
Hashish Smuggiers Arrested 10
Palam Heroi.n Haul 11
- a - [III - WW - 138 FOUO]
. {
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_ MALAYSIA
Briefs
Trafficker ~~ntenced to Death ~
Heroin S~izure in Petaling Jaya ~
'IIiAILAND .
Hilltribe Role in Harcotics Traffic Reported
.((lra~.yawat Yonbiem; SIAM RAT, 25 Feb 82) 13
, ~
Numbex ~f Addicts Rises, Irbst Live in Bangkok
(YtATICHON, 4 Mar 82) 17
L`Ifficulties of Narcotics Suppression, Opium Estimate Noted
(Ghaiyawa t Yonbiem; SIAM RaT, 3 Mar 82)...� 18
Thai Embassy Says Childrens Narcotic~ S~ld to Malaysia
(MA'!'IQiON, 20 Mar $2) 22
- Briefs
- Narcotics Producing Chemicals ~eized 23
- iATIN ArtERICA
COLOI~ IA
B rie fs
Five Drug Traf;ic~ers Arre~ted 24
JAMAICA
Ille~al Aix Strip ;3a.c,k in Operation, Paper's (heck Shows
( THE DAILY GIt.?:ANER, 20 Apr 82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MEXI CO
Briefs 26
Large Marihuana Seizure
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
_ Police Commissioner Decries Growirg Use of Drugs
(TRINiDAD GUARDIAN, 19 Apr 82) 27
- b -
1~OR OFFICIAL USL'~ ONLY
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. NEAR EAS'i' AND NOR~i AFRICA
IRAN .
Briefs
' Tehran Druz Seizure 29
Arms, Tranceiver Discove ries 29
~ Provincial Drug Hauls - 29
Malayer Opium Seizure . 29
Anti-Drug Measures 29
Nahavand Narcotics Seized 30
' Female Smuggler Arrested 30
Kara~ Opium Seizure , 30
Tayyebat ~rug Find 30
SAUDI ARABIA
Heavier Penalties for Drug Smuggling, Pushing Pr~posea
(AL-RIYAD, 16 Feb 82) 31
~ SUB-SAAARAN AFRICA
S OUTH AFRI CA . .
Sentencing for Drugs 'Appalling' Says Professor
~ (Marilyn Cohen; THE CI1T 7.EN, 6 May 82) 49
Nation Lagging in Battle Against Drug Abuse Says De Miranda
(Marilyn Cohen; ~IE CI TIZEN, 5 May 82).:......,........... 50
WE~T EUROPE
- FKAN CE
New Hexoin Variety, 'Pumping,' New Paris Market Reported
(AFp, 8 Ma.y 82) 51
GREECE
- Traffickers in Indian Hashish A~i~~sted in Athens
(TA NEA, 12 Apr 82) 53
FRG Police Offer Trained Dogs
(TA NEA, 1 Apr 82) 55
- c -
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. . .
~ NE~iERLAND6
Justice Minister Re~ects 8lgher S~ntences for Dealers
(NRC HATID~ISBLAD, 23 Mar 82) 56
Police~ Dealers D~scuss Drug Scene, .Enforcement
(Piet Piryns, Rees Schaepman; VRTJ NEDERLAND,
27 Mar 82).................... 58
- UNITED KINGDOM
Briefs _
iieroin Smug~l.ed in Bats 65
~ �
~
- d -
FoR o~cw. crs~ orn.x
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AUSTRALIA
VICTORIAN CRIME COMMISSION WILL FOCUS ON DRUG ISSUES '
Melbourne THE AGE in English 24 Mar 82 p 15
[Article by Bill Birnbauer~
[Text ~ The Vfictorian Govern~mint's Caat?mES~ton and would be aEble
ropoaed Crime Cor?rinission to sum~mon witnesses to give evi-
p dtnce or produce documents. It
would oorrcentrate on i~nvesti- wou~d be able to zecammend ~that
ati or anised dru trafftck- chu~ges be laid against a person
y~rnB g S a?~ete there was prsma facie avi-
- ing and drug-related crimes~ dence a~ criminal involvemen~
Che. ~ Attomey General, Mr, '~e commisslon would be head�
ec1 y t~ commissioner witi~ tbe
Storey. ~id yesterday. ' status equivaient to a iudge,�snd
Mr Stocey said tha canmts- W~id be sta~'od by expert crim-
~ inal dnve'stigators. ,
sion ~lao, would enaure that Mr Stocey said that a report .
ftciei Corruption and organised y~~d .tabled in Parliament
crime were exposed As qatckly u esch year on the commission's ac-
~~saIbla � tivitiea, investiFations, and tfi~e.
"'fhe new crlme investigatfoK complaints it received. Its repocf .
body will give �the greatest rior- a?auld be mede public unless
3~ there were "exceptionel circum-
ity to Invaet~gating high level stences."
dntg traftickers and organisation ~�The Critae Commission will
ttaflleking, as well as combatin~ be able to recommend to the Go-
drue releted crimes. which i~ave s~on tie
t~~b~;
hed~
on Cspecflc
the grestest ,potential for causlai terma ot reference where patterns
s~ ~�~e~ have emerged indicating a sltua-
'Tradttionai law en~oYCemeat tion witfi potential sarious impli-
measur~ fiave been hampend in catiot?a for~~,.tt~e communi:y," Mr
ths piet !n deterring hlghl}? organ- Storey ~id.'
laed anfl pro[essional crime in the ~~~'~on wi'll atn? to
State~ ~rticularly tt?e ~cxivltiea . ~ ~ot~~s~st~ crime and
ot dcuj-rtciceteers". ~d~ ~pt~~n �re exposed as
qn[ckly es poeelKle, ~nd wiil have
- Mr Storey said, the eatsbl9sh- tM pa~?ee;.to make public deta~ls
ment o[~the comxn~sston would ~bs ot,ot~d. Ufine ::.s s na1 de- .
one of, ;;.the Governrr~ent's ~ ' contempl~ating
priorltiq' after next week's elec- , furthet:brdichea;of the law."
t~on. The Chief Commissioner of 'A~o
j~~y; docuntent released. by
Polica Mr MIller, called on the Mr Storev.saya that the commis-
, Government xo establish che com� ~p~ qrouid 3~av~ the power to act _
~ mission in Fabruary. The aLP ~~p~a~pt~ ~re~elved from the
_ ha~ aatd that it would not tavor pub~~~, ~~ppproprfate sategugrds
the commission unless Mr Miller wiU be included in the legistation
could ~roduce evidence of organ- to ensure the! the commiss~on
ised crime in Victoria. cannot be usec~~ as an avenue for
iVlr Stony said the commission unwarranted r~ttacks on people's
woutd have the powers af a Royal r~eputstions;' it aays.
CSO: 5300/7549
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AUSTRALIA
CONIl~IISSIO~T HEARS NEW DISCLOSURES ON NtTGAN-NAND DRUG LINKS
Po?ice Inv~lvement
Sydney THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD in English 25 Mar 82 p 2
[Text] The ~ames . of SCVeTaI ~He had lcnorvn 1!'I~ s~ fO~
' police and~ that of Mr I~en � a'oouc ~a yeers. hav~ng ke{ft'in toa-
+act aiter workinS aith, hiaa u.
Nugan' were found on an im- Darlinghunt � PoUce scu~on wme
pression~ of a. diary page y~~'!~�;
He a~~d he 'was swrre Mr
belonging to a Sydney solici- Sp~a~ ot tbe pecple ia-
tor, M~c John L.. Aston, the volved in s committai hearin~ ac s
= Royal Commission into dnig Court of Petty Sesdona in 19E0. ~
trafficki:~g heard yesterday. Mr Lawry told bim Mr Spenca ~
harl bee~ char~ed with conspiraeY
' Detective-Sergeant Keit6 ~'Con- to perveR t6e counc oi juaNce by'
we11, n former Homicide Squsd de- a^ ~~~8~ d~~~0f~ ~f ~
tective now a?ith the CIB Speciel forn~adon to Terreac.~ John Clark
Breaking. Squad, was , ahewn a and othera. , .
- p6otograpbic roproducttan of an ' Clark; the leader of the Ma
impression of a diary page ~ dated. dng syndicatq is � tervin~
Novembcr 29. 1979. sentence at Britain'a Pukhurst Yol
The Novembcr 29 page had b:c;~ for b~s P~ ~a the murder of his
'�cut out" from Mr Astods desk former synd~cate parlner. Chris- ~
diary according to,the Royal Com- topha Martie Johnstone -"Mr
missiona, Mr Jusuce Stewatt.. Asia - whoae handlesa body, was
- The impression was cocisuucted found in s ffoaded Laoct~h're
quarry in October, 1979.
from :he following page left in t6e ~e comraission hat bard that
~ diary. Mr Spencer~ another forma nar�
It revealcd names ar~d telephone cotica aBa~t, Mr Wayne Briadle,
numbers of aeveral policemen~ in- ~d a former S~dney Iaw elecl~+ Mt
c:uding SerEeant ~.;onwell. Mr
Richard Spencer, a Lormer Narcot- Brian Alexander, who were eim- .
ics Hurosu agent, and Mr Ken ilarly chacBed, had the cherge dia-
Nugan, the managina dlroctor of missed by a ma8istrate on' t1?e
tbe Nugan Group Ltd,~ the Criff� grounda of insufficient ev[dence.
;~6-baaed group of fruit and pro- Sergeant Conwell and Mr Spen-
dua merchants. cer had mentione~t the matter to
Sergeant Conwell told Mr 1art him beforc the comn~ittai ~ l~esrin~
,Lawry. counsel assisting the Com� be68R in April, 1980~ sad the only
mis~ion. that he knew the , name other . peraon wi~o had aPoken to
Ken Nu~u? but had never met him about the matter waa Mr
him; apoken to him, or been in- Alexander, whom 6e had ]cnown as
volved in any otficial lnveatigatlon a triend fa about 13 year~.
He aaid Mr Alacandet had told
ofThQ ~e applied to ~tha late Mr b~m that "aa far, aa he waa con�
cexned he was not iavolved" (in
Frank Nugan, the co-fouader of i~y conspiracy).
the coilapsed Nugan�Hand Bank. . ��He said ho attould hsve ~iven
He hnew of aome of the of~cera ~vidence at the Coroner'a Covn in
mentione~ on the diary page in?- Mdbourne but�bia counsd ad~taed
pression. !tim not to and it would bave
2
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cleared the rnatter up thero and W~re not ~uilt they were not
then:' Seraesnt Conwell asid. Y-'.
'['he commiseion 6ea heard tbat invol'ved in anythin~.
both Mr Alezanda~ anrl Mr Aaton, And Mr Alexaader taid 6e
his employer at the timw went to a6ould hsve given evidence at t6e
Melbourne in 1980 to ~ive evi- corona't iaqueat in.Melbourae? -
dcnce at N~e. inqucst mto the Y~. ~
deaths of Douglas and Iaobel Wil- Lster Ser~eanE Conwell aid he .
son. hcroin t~ddicta and Mr Mia bad "no ides" why Mr Aston or
ayndicate~~couriers. � � anybody dae would havy ranoved ,
Their bodies were found in a the page dated November 29~
sandy ~tave at Rye~ � in Victotia, � in ~ 1979, from Mr Aaton's diary.., Nor
May, 1979. 'fhe coroner later - ~1d he think of. sny "panc~ulu
found t6ey had been ahot on n~� ~+hy Aston would buve
Clark's ordera'after he found they asnted to epeak to .him on that
gave datails of ayndicstt activitiea : ~y
to Queensland police ~n June 1978. Tde ~ l~st time Ser~eant oawell
The Commissson has aleo �he,ard ~ a?w Mr Alacaader. .who 6as been
oE Mr .Alexander'a ' relacCence to . officia~(y reported '�mleein~'::~since
anawer qnestions put. to him during' lsst Docember~ waa about'~ two
the inquest, a matter which was ~ week~ 'before Chriat~aas last ;year
brought before the Supreme Court. when ~e hsd dtnner and watched~ s
~ Mr Lawry: Was t6e substanc~ oc picture st Lie hom,e. .i �
all the con~ersation in relation to � He siid~- Mr. Alexander~ aeCmed
A4r Spenca that he, Alaxander, ;n good. t~irita Wat night�'but had
was not guilty and was aomethin~ , failed ;~o,:arrive at'� hia homa on
further Faid about Mr ~encer? Chrietaias~ay aa arranged..
Sergeant . Conwrll: t6ink the � � ~~u~on ~resumes RudaY� .
- inference was that he and Spencer
Opposition Charges
Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 26 Mar 82 pp 1, 8
~Text]
C A N B E R R A: Docu-.. ~hat. the' ~bureau"~inveari~ .�~ferehc~;w~st~,3e'ttled:, ,
ments tabled in Federal ~ atlon was hindered and ,~~;,,;,H~~~.--~~su
Parliament yesterday ' xSs~1nR 1nquirlea did not;
~ minute'~ pa`p~r ~ dated ~Nov
llnk 'the � controveraial ~ ave~th'.,abllity �to:~ipYes;. _ ~~~r�14.;-197.7�'llnks.sthe �
Nugan~ Hand bank�with ~ ~~igafc ~e liank fully. ,t, ~~ugan J~nd:,~tank With a
maaslve� heroin smug�~ ~,?vPY,d~,,- rhaintelined South-East ..Aaian syndi-
gUng; ' Amerlcan ~intelli- , ~~sterda 4`:at:the, term"s t wHi' h"~cportgd �an
gence . eervtces ~ and ~he ` ~ ' � e~e
i~dtfe~"':~~300D'~ #nril~oi3
l
a u n
d
e
r
i n g�,:.: o
i " b
l a c
k �.�dt reference oi the exist�
money." . ' ih .St~va ,,,~o y.~l,.c.o,~. wolrth o! he
r
o
l
n ~ o
u
t
o
i
The documents aay.that .`~~dn ~ in~0,. tti~: -d~u~, Bangkok bplore . r~e
de .vvid,e, enou~ 1976: ~ ~ n � r. ~ , �
t he now- d
e f u n c f�� N a
r c
o
L~ ~ 'p~ +Hugan~ Ha~d T
he ~ paper ` c o
n, u
e s�
tcs Bureau 'vkas informed ; ~�~e�~!d"~Fi~? ~~It Nu an . Hairifl is
about the herain raake~ ~ . ,~~l~r~,,,~n ,�tl}e , ~ln~g
. . _,..1 . would consider � ~deniiig
on May ..3; "IJ"17;."~ni7"was business .~t ia m-
~t~~th~
forced to scale down the ~them.,.� etUxer ;
a ue4~~a e'
investlgation within 10 ` Mr.,;~?yd n;,aajli.~;.the s~ne lSneUc?cier~:io~�'druEC
monthe because the bank .~~'u8~ i'~'~ ~~on ~mp~a~~ a.
wa,~�not;.able;'tb~ ~inveif~�
diecovered the inqulry. y ; meana~ oi latunderitfg"t~fe
~ ,ga~e~' a1legAtio~s' of'.,gun� ~ mone made trom ~rug
The Oppoeition Leadei~~� ;~rut~hing;;money,lawp~lelr� Y _
Mr Hayden, flnally was ~ ing~ artd ~ lnvolvement � ~e$' � ~ � ' ~ " ' ~
~ a l low e d to ta b le seven ~ w
l t
t r � t
he A
me
r
lean : C
e
n�. Att " i~tii~rmant told the
d o c u m e.~ t s yesterday I tral Intelllgenbe A~ncy. bureal~� in another d ade
_ . , ~ ~ w.._.,..... . . . ment thst the ~ bank m
wri1c~'i.. he has ~used in the ; ^ t moet� ~i !ts ' money ,bY
laet two weeks to attack ! y~s0~~~ "couriering black money
the Government. ' He- had.,~,enaored the. out tii Australia to'area5
' ~ {doetiments� � heairily ~ to � i~~ � gouth�East Asla."
Mr Hayden repeatedly ~ protect sourcee and sald �
has called . ior a. royal:. ~,~go~yld, give.j.tur��I How th~ pcople �in Aus�
~ther ;i~fp~atl~n ~tq, tlie itralta ~et this money' ls
commisslon into the ~ .
b~nk aiter allegatlons. ~~y$1~�.~~~~'� !bnen to'the Imngination,
'sion w}ie~ the tei7ns' o~ � tl~is inforYrisnt sald.
3
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'"fhe business cllims to thc bank.� � cheeking made~ (nam~~de� �
be mcv�chanf bankers but. d~ument aaya th~t l~~tr.d) i~ssume a~ bureau
a look at thcir balance th~ leak� may have come iMerest i~~ Nugan ~Hand
chect wiU shuw you th~t Jiam ~e ~~ormant�Who �~nd� that.~he may then
they ~lun't muke their f~~.$t,,~~d��tha .bpceau h~v~ ~dvisPd Fr1nk NN:
- moncy thal way. . ~~ut the-b:?nk's activi� ~~~n to ~l~y safe."
Anotl~~r ducument is a ties on May.3~ 1977., The record oi the inter-,
rerntYl of an lnterview ~1 Hayden had alieady view 1'n' Melbourne also.
between ~ a � narcotics uoted the lnformant as referred fo 'severa~ ~ meet` �
~.igent :?nd an [nformant Q_ i~i~s in Asian:and Pa~iflC
Iin Melbourne on Novem� sayin~:" hcy are blggei ~nuntries, with� Frank
~ ber 'l3. 1977. ~ t}Yari anything you, have Nu~;.m; ~ Michael" Haiid,
s~~en h+ere~ �1n~ the 'herofn threc ret(red .U.S. ~tili-.
The a~ent said that dne ~Rm~. ;~nd are'aafd~to be
o[ Frank Nugnn's as~s~ic1� 11�t oi an Arr~esl~ran sec- t:iry oiflCers":atid �=8e1`-
atec was involved in the urity.organi~tion. : , nard ~Houghto~ 'a.
~o' op-
handling ot incorrifnR c~rated the Tex~a',Tavern
p;~rcPls and the, move� "Ii -�'yod'~ cailght",these in Sydney's Ktngs~Crose~
ment of money ~out"�ot: `blokc3"`'~a'.3~: hela'~�WOUId ~e inform~rit,siifd tli~'j
Griffith in wine c,a~slcs",' . break �laosc..This 1s spot� ~*o~gh2on was still `'affi=
T1tliEA~'S' ~~1',- on in~armation"'. lii~ted w~iti~ t~e;CIA. .
r~,,: ~ lafer docum~nt At a meet(ng iri Honolu�
Thc ~genf thpn reiei~red m
y,h~Ve.tbecnme~aWare lu t'ru~k.Nu,g~n alleged-
to' somc sort of thceAts� ly, had ,said: "Mybody
implied by Nugan, ta of the bureau's investt~S- lIlA1. ~,CtS in- our way~ we
lnamc � deletedl and' to tio*i when:'an officer 4� ~,1n,takG care oL"
othrr iarmcrs.;' ciiecked the original in� �~c agent said .the~ ftt-
Anothcr document exa~ formatjon~ and� become f~rmAnt had ''�become
sca'recl {h~t'Nugari t~vbuld fr[ htened' and:' severed
mines thc v:~ri~us w;iys find out. liis conneCUon w(th the
that i'ranlc \*ugun' inay .
have H�:irnt uf lhc 'fhe document sgys: ."I l~ank and 'hted to avoid
burcau i~n'rsligalion lnto considcr it , more t7}~n ;iny possible involVe-
~~~"issible th'a~ tht$ �r~� ment. _ �
CSO: 53vU/7550
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~ AUSTRALIA
NATION'S BIGGEST DRUG BUST NETS TWO TONS OF HASHISH
Canberra THE AUST~ALIAN in Enqlish 25 Mar 82 p 1
[Article by Fia Cumming]
[Text] ~ ~
IN A.dramatic Frertch ~onriecf~on-type swoop, Undor the proposed law, tne
Federal Police.have seizeti hashish worth between 1~nalty for evading Customs
would be related to tlie value
$80 million and $110 million ~in~ the ~nation's biggest, oi the goods involved.
drug haul: : ~ . . ~ . ~ . � ~ . `REY
W
'1'wo tonnes of hashish were und in a conta'irier of Middle tn the caae oi ' protiibited
~ast foodstuftsaboard a sl~ip v~~
ich arrlved f'rom Marseilles. ero~s,'the maximum penalty
, . would be three Limes the value
Tlie hashish was discovered by`accidenc. ; ot the goods, or a ilat 550,000
The container was~consignedl~o;M~l~ourne but the shipping penalty where value could not
company reccived'directions irom som+ot~e claim'ing to represenG be determined.
Lhs oyvncr that it was to be taken,oqto:gydney instead. Existing penaltfea provide
But atter it was uriloaded at t~te�.Sydney Contatner Terminul, ior a fine of only =1000, or
the. container'sat tteglected for�;everal days before police were three times the value ot Ehe
calledtoexamineit. , � � � ~
The firat two rnu?a centained car ns oi~ood tina but cartons in But the bill does not alter the
the. Lhird row were ~full of plis`~C ti, ga con~e?ntng haahish penaltles for narcotics of-
m~ri juana resin wbich can lie amokec! ~r eaten. fencea, which are covered by
Of 663 cartons in the cdntainer; S9 cOntalned haslilah weighing gection 235 oi the Cuatoms
2150kg. � : . � , , . Act.� � .
' Each C~m of hasbish has a atreet yalue Af s40 to i50. Police. said . Mr � Moore said. yes,ierday
last night~ it was considered "top quaiity" � ~ ' r~Those penalties were
Police aaid they believe the container was not collected because reviewed , and Psbstantialty
ot a documentatfon problem in . The.�haul was made'at leaat increaaed by amendments
elther Customs' requirements . 10 ''duy,a ~ ago. ' in.1977 and 19?b.
or , the shipping company's Tjle. announcement of the' ~~The � renalttes ; Already
�own biil-ot-lading regulations. Se~zure waa made oniy hours
.before Mr Moore lntroduced provlded under section ..235
The.investigation, headed rY .
DeteCf~ve Chief inspector Ra; : the'aecond reading ot a b111 to ~rom =2000 or two years
Philllps ot the Federai Police ~~ease' ~ the penalties for ~~r`~onment) for simply pos-
in Sydney, is contlnuing in~, ' sr,asing lmported narcotics, up
' Melbourne and Sydney. ~ breachea of the Cuatoms Act. w a, penalty of i100,000 or 25
The seizure was announced' ~~Th~ changes to tlie AaE were yeaxs or both ior trafficktng in
in Canberra by the Minister ' pronipt~ed by tho substitut,e nArcotics.
hc.ae" u~d~. kangaroo m~at ~~There is further
tor Buslness and Consumer s~dal uncovered last year, ' provisfon
- Affairs, Mr Moore, and tl~e y~d the recommendattons si~d fo~� impoeing a penalty ot lite
Acting Minlster for Acimin- ifndtng~ oE~ the federul royal in~prlsonment in the most
~ is6rattve Serviccs~ Mr Tliom- ~~nfe~lai into drugs, aerloua cases:'
son. �
CSO: 5300/7549 ~
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AUSTRALIA
� BRIEFS
LDGALIZED CANNABIS OPPOSITIONr-CANBERRA--Police comaaissionezs fro~n Australasia
and the south-west Pacific have strongly opposed a recent reoo~unendation that
cannabis should be made openly available to the public. They also oppose de-
criminalisation of the. drug. The 1982 Police Commissioners' conference is ue-
ing held in Canberra. A statement issued yesterday said the connaissioners had
discussed the recommendations on cannabis put in a discussion paper sponsored
- by the Australian Foundation of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. T'he poli~e
view of the suggestion that car?nabis should be legalised in the foreaeeable
future aqreed with that of Y,he Ca~nonwealth and sane state governments--they
did not aqree with the suggestion. Connnissioners noted the discussion paper's
reference to the lack of conclusive data on the lang-term effec,~ts of cannabis
ingeation. They pointed out that partial measures were more likely to result
in corruption of the system of cantrol, resulting in snsurmountable problems
for the police. The commissioners agreed there was a need for wider and more
informed debate on alcohol and drug abuse, which was the stated aia~ of the
AFADD discussion paper. They recorded appreciation of AFADD's action in
sponsoring a significant contribution to that debate. [Brisbane THE COURIER-
MAIL in English 24 Mar 82 p 22]
THAI COOPERATION PROPOSAL--CAI~SERRA--The Federal Government would intensiPy
its efforts to combat drug trafficking, 'the Administrative Services Minister,
Mr Newman, said yesterday. Mr Ne~nnan, who is in Thailand to see at first hand
the narcotics problem, said the qovernment would concentrate on boosting oo-
- operation with the Thai Government. He would look at ways of improving the
- handling and analysis of intelligence related to narcotics suppression and
would make sure Australia continued to provide equipment and traininq programs.
"Our assessment of the narcotics problem is that the Thais are continuing to
make determined efforts to seek out and destroy the organisations which manu-
~ facture the narcotics," Mr Newman said. "However, in immediate terms, the
potential supplies available in the region still are of concern." [Brisbane
THE COURIER-MAIL in English 27 Mar 82 p 13]
NZ MINISTER TO CANBERRA ON DRUGS--New Zealand's justice minister, Mr Mclay,
is to visit Canberra nexC week for talks with his Australian cotmterpart,
Senator Durack. The New Zealand Press Assocation says the main topic in the
ministers' discussions is expected to be the forthcoming hearings in New
7.ealand of Australia's Royal Commission i~nto drug trafficking. The commission
is expected to sit in New Zealand in June. Inquiry follows the so-called
Mr Asia drug-murder trial in London last year which exposed the trans-Tasman
~ drug trafficking on a large scale. (Text] [BK070559 Melbourne Overse~s
Service in English 0500 GMT 30 Ap r 82]
6 .
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BANK REPORTED IN DRUG TRAFFICKING--The Zeader of the federal opposi.*.ion,
Mr Hayden, has tabled documents showing reports that the failed Nugan-Hand
Bank was engaged in trafficking heroin and money in and out of Australia.
The files are from the Australian Narcotics Bureau and the Department of
Business and Consumer Affairs. They are dated from May 1977 to August 1978.
Mr Hayden tried to table some of the documents yesterday with certain names
deleted because he said their publication could lead to deaths. Prime
Minister Fraser then insisted the names be included but did not insist on
that condition today. The reports contain references which named the late
Crank Nugan and Michael Hand, whose whereabouts are unicnown, as bigger than
- anything seen in Australia`s heroin game. The reports also refer to tha
illegal movement of Australian currency to areas in Southeast Asia by the
Nugan-Hand Bank Limited and involvement in a syndicate which exported an
estimated $3,000 million worth of heroin from Bangkok. Mr.Hayden sa3.d that
a Poyal Commission on Drugs, which is in session, is prevented from ft~lly
investigating the a.l~egal activities of Nugan-Hand. ~Text] [BK251037
Melbourne Overseas Service in English 0$3~~ GN!~' 25 Mar 82]
CSO: 5300/5731
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- ~ INDIA
- HEROIN LABORATORIES UNCOVERED IN VARANASI ~
New Delhi INDIA TOAAY in English 30 Apr 82 pp 45-46' ~
~ [T~xcl
ROUT IS years ago the inter- other had discovered. Varanasi has long
national 6ippie eommunity dis- y~Q known as a centre of drug traf~'icking
. covered t6eir soul-brothers among (~NDIA 7'ODAY. ~lay i-15, 1981).
Varanasi's bhang and cAaros-using sadhus. Tha cet narcotics depa~tment analysis
But with the coming of'the hippies a new was probably correct when they said, "No
drug has been added to the holy city's organised peddling of drugs has come to
p~ychotropic pharm~copceia - heroin. tt was our notice so far." but it was a growin~
a�iJely believed that heroin was an illegally po~~bility and there were factors that
importcd item unui last month when in one
a~��k two laboratories refining heroin from poinr,,u tow;ards it. Said Pratap Kumar
raw opium �ere unearthed in thecity, thanks 5n~'astava,~deputy superintendent of police,
tu an informer's tip-ol~. They were the first ~aranasi, ' Since November we 6ave seized
~uch labs to be discovered in India, small yuantities of heroin and morphine and
The raid on the first hcroin lab on havc ~pprehended 10 drug pCddlers."
~iarch 19 by the Central Bureau uf Investi- They would possibly have suc~eeded in
apprchending many morc,had they knov?n
gation (cet) naccotics wing had virtually what to look for. Said a policr ullici~l, "Our
gone unnoticed. So had the socond, 6vC days proble~? is that we are reully not trained to
later by the Varanasi city police. The two identify drugs, even iF we werc confro~teci
incideats wcre being view~ed in isolation. Not with the drugs it would be diffi~ult to tell
- so much as by design but more so be~:ause the ditTerence between heroin and glucose.
- of the lack of cooperation. Neither of the What is required is a crash course in drug
two enforcement agencies knew what the detection:'
First Seizure: The prelude to the discovery of the labs was arrest of the
'~oxi brothers" by the French drug eaforcement agency. The arrest of Pascal
Holay, 23, and Lionel Bourderiou~c, 24, two Frenchmen at Orly Airport in Paris
on April 22, 1981 with 210 grams of hesoin aad their subsequent interrogation
led them to reveal their Varanasi contact known as Foxi. Foxi turaed out to
be Bharuv Nath Chatterjee, 28, the chemist and his youager brother Ram Babu,
19, who had sold the heroin. CBI investigations led Chem to the small alleys
of Varanasi. They gathered that the Chatterjee brothers were about to make
a contact.
- On the afternoon of March 19 they had shadowed the tw~ who were to pass 250
grams of heroin to a foreiga buyer as sample for a larger shipment. The
foreign contact did not materialise and the C8I officials m~ved in. The (SI
officials were surprised when Bharuv Nath coafessed during interrogation, "I
have been selling it �or two years and I make heroin on order only from a lab
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at my houseo" The accidental confession led to the reca~ery of a mini ]~abo
According to (~I officials, the two brothe.rs also confessed to having obtained
the heroin they had in their possession from another lab which ~hey declined
to identify. Local police believe that the opium base is being obtained fr~~m
~;:irl.pur, 8U kilomc:tre~ away, wiiete opium is cultivated legally.
ficroin, once n is refinad fiom mar- ~gr~i~~ in convecting
phine, depending upoo che purity~socordirtg ~to heroin. a box of
to one source it is 92 pa ant pss) could fi~~ ~ solution.
easily be cut five or six times to 2 to 3 per sodium prbonate and tartaric
centconceotratiooperdose,allowingantail acid:' The two subsat~iently
price ~on the strats ia North America close produced at the sessions judge's
to 10 times the local purchase prioe (Rs 1W court in Varanasi wsre let off
per gram), reaching as high as Rs LZS lakh on bail.
per kilo. _ ~ Shukla.. ��Soth of
Second Seizur~r: Four days after the ~ to
cni dixovered their heroin lab by accident them ato riow ab~oondin& I~ ~`n
Sub-Ins-pector D.P. Shukla, station otf'ictr of our informadon has 8on~ u~~
Sigra police post was tip p e
d o ff t h at drugs B o m b
a y." T
h
a V
a r
a n a
s
~ P o
l~
x d~d not
were being hoardod at Nau Pura railway rcalise l~ow signiscant the 6su1 was�
colony and moved in. Little did he ~now The discovery of the clandeseine labora-
ths?t he would end up with a full-Hedgod fab. tories ,nanufacturing haoin is not taken
!n the early hours of March 24 he seriously enough by the enforcement agen-
raught Pradeep Kumar, 30. and his wife (ris, cies, The 198! report of t6e [aternational
Naccotics Conuol Board had specified that
unaw ares. The search Ird tu during the ccurse of 19811ndia had emerged
the recovery of 39 gr.~ms of as a transit poiat in illicit trafficking. it is
heroin and the seizure of a. on~y a matter of dme for India to bacome a
substaatisI amouat of equip-
ment. Said Shukla. "We fouod sduree country. The discovery of the labora-
a heater along with 10 bottles of toris iIIdICSLC3 that t6is is hideously
IfQIb111Ct1~. -ASOKA RAINA in Yaran~si
aceuc anhydrite, the crucial
CSO: 5300/5730
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IND~IA
BRIEFS
DELHI HEROIN SEIZURE- About 750 grams of heroin valued at Rs 10 lakhs in Che
international market was seized by the Central district police special staff
following the arrest of Charanjit alias Charlie, a resident of Inderpuri on
Thursday. During his interrogmtion, the suspect, a Delhi University graduate,
reportedly told the police that he was b eing supplied the drug by a Bombay
based man and was selling it mostly to foreigaers in Delhi. T�he police said
that the identit~ of his Bombay contact has been ~stablished. T'tie aarcotics
wing of the Central Bureau of Investigations has alsn been informed of the
suspect's arrest. ~Text~ ~New Delhi PATRIOT in English 10 Apr 82 p 10~
BAREILLY DRUG ARRESTS- Bareilly, April 10 (PTI)--The local police claimed to
have smashed an internaCional gang of dope-peddlers following the arrest of
two members af the gang here yesterday. According to the police contraband
opium, morphine gnd heroin worth Rs six lakhs, stockpiled in a loc:al manu-
facturing unit were also recovered following a alue giv~en by the arrestied
persons. IText~ ~New Delhi PATRIOT in English 11 Apr 82 p 42 _
tIASHISH SMUGGLERS ARRESTED- Bombay, April 20 (PTI)--Bombay Customs busted a � .
conspiracy to smuggle a large quantity of hashish out of India wtth the
arrest of a businessman, Satya Prakash Behl last week. The accused who was
p~oduced before a metropolitan magistrate was remanded to jail custody till
29 April. The customs officials told the court that the conspiracy came to
ligh~ in a follow-up action taken bq the Bombay Customs after the recent
seizure of 10 kgs of hashish valued at Rs 90,000 at Palam Airport, De1hi.
The hashish was concealed in an unmarked suitcase and destined for Geneva
via Frankfurt, Two foreign nationals have already been arrested ia this
connection. The customs said enquiries made in this coimection revealed that
an elaborate conspiracy involving some Indians and foreigners had been ~
hatched to smuggle large quantities of hashish out of India. It was also
- revealed that Satya Behl and his associates supplied the hashish seized at
the Palam Airport and to the foreiga nationals in Bombay and had arranged ~
for its smuggling out of India, the court was informed. ~Text~ INew Delhi
PATRIOT in English 21 Apr 82 p 4j
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PALAM HEROIN HAUL--Customs authorities at De1hi airport seized 123 gms of
contraband heroin worth millions of dollars from tw~o C~nadian passport-
holders--Roland Joseph Aubin and Ovila Francois Riendeau--on Sunday, reports
PTIo Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate J.M. Malik on Thursday remar�.ded
them to judicial cus~ody till 26 April, Rerorts s~iid Aubin was found carry~
ing a packet inside his right leg sockso Or.~ further search more packets
containing heroin were recovered,. Ae r;~as then forced to defecate and six
packets of heroin contained in ^~~ndor.s allegedly fell out of his rectum,
- He allegedly told the customs men that Ovila had asked him to carry the
heroin delivexed at Bombay, for which was assured 5,000 US dollars as payment
and air fair and other expenses. [Text~ ~New Delhi PATRZOT in English
23 Apr 82 p 1~
CSO: 5300/7030
,
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MALAYSIA
BRIEFS
TRAFFICKER SENTENCED TO DEATIi--Kuala Lumpur, Thurs--A businessman was
sen.t.enced to death by the high court here today for trafficking.in 656.9 gms
of heroin. Ng Teng Seng, 49, was fou~.d guilty of committing the offence in .
Lorong Bandar 22 at 7:45 pm on 23 March last year. Mr Justice B.T.H. Lee, in
passing sentence, said: "The accused crafficked in human misezy, degradation
- and destruction simply for financial gain, and as the evidence revealed, he
stood to profit by something in the order of $1-1/2 million if he had not
been caught. I would be failing in my duty if I did not pass a sentence
which expresses the public horrar and condemnation of what the accused and
others have 3oz~e." [Excerpt] [BK070559 Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES
in English 30 Apr 82 p 7]
H~ROIN SEIZURE IN PETALING JAYAr-Klang, Fri--Selangor police seized 2,470
grammes (about 5 pounds) af heroin in Petaling Jaya yesterday. They also
detained a 32-year-o1d suspect and a 17-year-old girl. The drugs seized cou~d
provide more than 500,000 "shots." Police believ~ the man is a local and
international trafficker. Selnagor CID Clnief Acp Niuh Soon Hock said the
anti-drug section from the Petaling Jaya police got ttieir b~eak on Wednesday
when they checked the 32-year-old suspect who was walking in the SSZ area at
3:45 pm and found three small packets of heroin on him. Subsequent investi-
gations showed that he had international connectians and was a wanted trafficker.
Yesterday, a police party led by Asp Chan Cheng Mun raided a house in Section
17 and seized the 2,~470 grammes of the drug in plastic bags. The raiding
party also detained 3 girl in the house for questioning. Acp Niuh compli-
mented the PJ police on their success. [Text] [BK070559 Kua1a Lumpur NEW
STRAITS TIMFS ia English 1 May 82 p 8]
CSO: 5300/5733 .
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THAILAND
EIILLTRIBE ROLE IN NARCOTICS TRAFFIC REPORTED
Bangkok SIAM RAT in Thai 25 Feb 82 p 5
[Article by Chaiyawat Yonbiem: "The Problem From the Mountains"] ~
[Text] Opium, Who Is Clever In Thailand?
Looked at on a map, in the west, the area stretching from the narth to Chumphon
[in the south] is an area filled with nigh mountains, or the Mt Meru of India.
Concerning this area, when this writer studied geography in secondary school
20 years ago, the instructor made us learn that this is an area known as the
"wrinkle of the world."
The high mountains where the weather is cool and ref~eshing and where the
air is sc pure that doctors in former times sent people ~ith tuberculosis
to these mountains for treatment are located~in the north from Chiang Rai,
Chiang Mai and Nan south to Tak since this is the area in Thailand that is
farthest from the equator. ~
This high northern area is the tr~e home of o~her groups that we call hill
tribes, or hill Thais as they are now referred to. These people are af Sino-
Tibetan and Austonesian origins. These people are divided into various tribal
groups that have chosen to live at various elevations in ~he mountains, from
the Haw, who prefer to live above 5,000 feet above sea level to the Khamu
and Karens, who live at elevations below 2,000 feet.
All of these hill tribe groups live in areas that are suited to the cultivation
of poppy. However, of the approximately~20 tribal groups that live in the
mountains of Thailand, only six are involved with opium in some way, either
in cultivatting [poppies], investing (in poppy cultivation], hiring themselves
out or pu~:chaisng and selling [opium]. The six groups are the Hmong, or Meo,
Lisu, La'.iu, Akha, Yao, Karen and Haw Chinese.
Of these six groups, in actuality, the three important groups that pose a
serious problem for government oEficials in suppressing narcotics today are
the Hmong, or Meo, Karen and Haw Chinese groups.
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These days, it is the Meo who cultivate poppy and sell opium. The Karens hire
themselves out and grow poppies for the Meo. And it is the Haw Chinese who
transport the opium to the heroin refineries, whether the refineries of the
~~Khun Sa Company Ltd" or some other company, or to the middlemen.
~ The Meos are good fighters who have had much combat experience, especially
in fighting the Chinese during the time the Meos still lived in southern Yunnan
_ and fought to live their lives freely. Many were killed. The-.Meos want to
be called Hmongs because this means "free people."
This long history of the Meo has resulted in their social life in the mountains
_ changing to the point where the Meos have become the chief poppy growers.
But one thing that has not changed is the Meos' love of living in the mountains.
And it is the very remoteness of these mountains that has been an impor�tant
factor that has led various Thai governmentS to stipulate border security
policies and implement various things for the Meos. Because, the Meos are experts
at mountain combat anct they will fight for those on their side.
Another important thing that poses a problem in the mountains is that the
Meo believe in the saying that the "water belongs to the fish, the sky to
the birds and the mountains to the I~eos."
~ Such a belief makes it difficult for the Meos to accept the fact that the
vast area in the.mountains that they have cleared for shifting cultivation,
to the point where the riuer headwaters are almost dry during the dry season;
does not belong to the Meos alone but is the joint treasure of Thais throughout
. the country.
It is thought that there are presently about 50,000 tribesmen in Thailand.
But this figure may easily increase because Meo families like to have many
children just as the other hill tribes do. On the average, each family has
8-10 members, with some families having as many as 15.
Most of the Meos now living in Thailand migrated from Laos. Some came from
Burma. Those who live in the north are related to the White Meo in the southern
part of China. Many migrated to Tang.Kiea and northern Laos during the last
century. Also, since Laos became communist, Meos have been murdered on a mass
scale and so more and more Meos from Laos have come and joined those in Thailand.
The Liso are another tribe; they prefer to call themselves Lisu. Most of them
live in Mae Hong Son. However, they are not a very large group. Almost all
of them came from Burma; a few came from China.
The Yao are a group that is as old as the Meo. Their native homes are in Kweichow,
Hunan and Kwangsi in China. After being greatly persecuted by the Chinese,
they migrated to Vietnam, Laos, Burma and Thailand. But most of those who
live in Thailand migrated from Muong Sing and M uong Luong Nam Tha in Hua Phan
Thang Ha in Laos. They are spread over various areas in Chiang Mai, Chiang
Rai, Mae Hong Son, Nan and Lampang.
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The Yao will love you if you refer to them by the name "Mien" since this means
"human" and they refer to themselves by this name.
Fortunately for solving the opium problem in the north, the Yao have played
the smallest part in causing this problem. The word "fortunately" was used
because there is a saying that, while the Yao firmly believe in spirits just
as the other hill tribes.do, they are not afraid of spirits because they believe
that no matter how much influence the spirits have, they are more clever than
the spirits.
Thus, Yao intermidiaries [spirit doctors) play the role of liars who fool
the spirits. Whoever is good at fooling the spirits is "popular" among the
Yao.
What the Yao really believe in is the same as what present-day Thais believe
in and that is the "person with money."
In Yao society, a wealthy person has great advantages and these advantages
pass over into the next life to~.
Because every Yao wants to gain the advantage over other Yacs in the next
life, a spirit position in the next life can be purchased by making merit
with large sums of money.
It is this belief that has exerted pressure on the Yaos to have a more secure
economic position than any of the other hill tribes in hill tribe society,
with the exception of the Haw Chinese.
The Lahu are another hill tribe group that grows some poppy. However, they
do not grow much. The tribesmen from this group who live in Thailand belong
to several subgroups such as the Black Lahu, the Red Lahu, the Chi Lahu and
the Chele Lahu. They migrated from Burma and Laos. It is estimated that they
number about 14,000 to 16,000. Most are Red Lahu.
It is believed that the word "Lahu," as this qroup is called, comes from the
Shan word meaning "hunter" since this group is more skilled at hunting than
are the other hill tribe groups.
The Ikha are a hill tribe group that originally lived in China. They migrated
to Thailand almost 60 years ago. However, there are very few of them. Present
figures are uncertain but it is estimated that they number approximately
~ 6,000 to 7,000.
As for the Karens, it is thought that this is the largest hill tribe group
in Thailand. They migrated from eastern Tibet and settled down in China 3,000
years ago. They were later driven out, and so they withdrew southwards into
Burma and Thailand. As for the Karens in Thailand, the main reason that they
came here was because they had political problems with Burma and Burma drove
them out.
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The Karens live everywhere, even in the plains, from Chiang Rai to Prachuap
Khiri.khan. But the largest number live in Chiang Mai. As for those in the
north only, it is estimated that almost 200,000 Karens live in the area reaching
from ttie foothills to the mountain peaks.
The Karens are farmers who settle down and grow crops here and there. And
it is because of their skills as cultivators that some Karens have hired themselves
out to grow poppies for other hill tribe groups, particularly the Meos since
the Meos are not skilled at qrowing poppies and (when they do] more poppies
die than do those that survive to blossom and produce sap that can be sold.
At first, the Karens who wer~t to work were paid for their work in cash. But
whether they were tricked or something, in more recent times, the Karens w:~o
grow poppy for the Meos have been paid in opium for their own use. Or, when �
they are paid in cash, they take this money and buy opium from their employers.
And there has begun to be a problem with their growing poppies.
None of the five hill t,ribe groups discussed above is as important as the
final qroup, that is, the Haw Chinese.
11943
CSO: 5300/5712
, .
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THAILAND
NUMBER OF ADDICTS RISES, MOST LIVE IN BANGKOK
Bangkok MATICHON in Thai 4 Mar 82 p~
[Article: "Most Heroin Addicts Live in Bangkok"J
[Text] It has been revealed that the number of addicts who have come for rehabili-
tation has increased 36.79 percent over last year.
Mr Pricha Champarat, the chief of the Drug Addict Ccantrol Division, and Mr ~
Chuchat Phunsiri, the director of the Rehabilitation Division of the Office
of the Naroctics Control Board, revealed on 3 March that the number of addicts
who came to the ONCB rehabilitation clinics for treatment during the period
October 1980 to September 1981 reached 43,469. Of these, 41,465, or 95 percent,
were men; 2,004, or 4.18 percent, were women. This is an increase of 36.79
percent over last year.
Mr Pricha stated that 66.'13 percent of these addicts live in Bangkok, 23 percent
live in the Central Region, 5.17 percent live in the north, 3.9.percent live
in the northeast and 1.2 percnet live in the south. Most, 90.37 percent, are
addicted to heroin; 4.95 percent are addicted to opium.Most become addicted ~
because of a desire to try the drugs and because they were incluced by friends.
M ost of the addicts are between the ages of 20 to 24, with 81.11 percent being
below age 35. Also, 54.54 percent had jobs, 24.17 percent were unemployed,
16.42 percent were temporarily employed and 4.87 ~ercent were students. Most
have monthly incomes of between 1,500 to 1,900 baht.
- Mr Pricha stated that he is very concerned about controlling drug addiction~
among youths, especially among those who are not in school,. since there are
no institutes that they can contact or receive help from. Such youths often
induce those who are in school to become addicted too. Besides this, another
important problem is that various sectors often feel that narcotics control'
is the concern of the ONCB. Actually, it is the concern of all sectors, In
particular, parents have an important role. Also important are recreation,
sports and physical exercise, which are hobbies that youths can engage in
in order to keep them busy.
"Concerning rehabilitation, the worrisome problem is that 90 percent or more
of those who come for rehabilitation.fail to complete the p~ocess as stipulated.
- Concerning this matter, the ONCB is in the process of promulgatir?g a law that will
require them to complete the treatment. If a person fails to complete the process,
he will be liable for punishment," stated Mr Pricha.
11943 '
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THAILAND
_ DIFFICULTIES OF NARCOTICS SUPPRESSION, OPIUM ESTIMATE NOTED
Bangkok SIAM RAT in Thai 3 Mar 82 p 5
(Article by Chaiyawat Yonbiem: "The Problem In the Mountains"]
(Text] Substitute Crops
it is estimated that, at present, about 100-150 tons of opium are secretely
produced each year in Thailand. While the production of.some opium can be
overlooked in order to maintain social contact between the government and
the hill tibes that are still addicted to opiun, this large ~igure on the
amount of opium produced leads us to believe that part of this opium leaks
out from the hill tribe villages in the form of goods that are sold. ~
- The ONCB is still having prcblems in making surveys in order to destroy all
the poppy fields, or to leave only enough for hill tribe conswnption. This
problem is a matter of the hill tribes "taking advantage" and of [implementing]
the policy of providing money to replace poppy cultivation. But this policy
has not worked. It has not stopped the hill tribes from cultivatinq poppy
each year. ~
The interesting thing is that government officials in severai sectors, especially
the Watershed Manaqement Division of the Forestry Department, have really
tried to change the hill tribes' preference for growing poppy and get them
to grow substitute crops instead,even though such crops require a heavier
investment and a greater effort in finding markets than does opium.
Thus, we have seen cold-weather flowers for sale on the streets of Bangkok
at rather high prices. And vegetables that are difficult to grow in the plains
are on sale. In not too long, arobika coffee will be available for Thai coffee
connoisseurs. It is better tasting and fresher than imported coffee.
The barren mountains are being afforested with fast-growing varieties of trees
such as "two and three leaf" pine trees, or "kia" pine trees, tall varieties
such as eucalyptus trees and even teak, which will be the main variety of
tree in the mountains in the distant fut�ure.
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The substitute crops program, which includes forestry too, is receiving much
attention from foreign countries, both from the standpoipt of provid~.ng additional
financial support and tree seedlings and of making inves~Tpents in the ~u~ure.
,
At the very least, two companies in Australia and Holland have shown an inter25t
i.n planting areas in pine tree~ in order to have timber to produce paper ancl
to have wood to make furniture. The feasibility of this is presently under
study in the northern mounrain areas of Thailand.
Besides this, the hill tribes should be developed so that they are aware of the
r�les of the main society which they have joined. They must be provided education
at various levels and given training and demonstrations in growing crops must
be given.
The problems concerning these things rest with these people. Because it is
very difficult to find good officials who have widespread knowledge in order
to have them develop the hill tribesmen, who have languages and customs that
are different from those of the people in the plains. And those officials
who are working here are responsible for a wide area, there is a lack of equipment
and there is no coordination of activities in the airconditioned offices of
the departments and divisions, which frequently talk in generalities and send
out regulations for carrying out the work in the barren areas of these officials.
A Great Loss of Morale
Carrying on devel.opment work in order to ~control the poppy cultivation of
the hill tribes is not something that can be done for just 1 or 2 years. Rather,
plans that give. attention to the future must be m~de, with the goal being
- to control the, poppy cultivation of the hill tribes, either through power
or through ki.ndness.
The most i:nportant thing is to keep additional Thai land from being planted
in poppies by hill tribe groups that have recently entered the country. The
problem is that Thai officials cannot monitor such groups that enter the country
since the area is so remote.
Also, it is essential to have close coordination between the neighboring
. countries where poppies are grown. In particular, this is closely related
to the national security policies, which frequently conflict concerning matters
in the northern mountains.
In particular, in Burma, the Burmese government probably cannot fu11y suppress
poppy cultivation.
The spread of poppies, from the standpoint of cultivation by the hill tribes
and from the standpoint of trade in order to find a way to get [the opium]
to the outside world, is thus something that Thailand cannot stop in Thailand.
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It is saici that Burma has an impressive policy against poppy cultivation and
that Burma "suppresses" this more firmly than Thailand when it has a chance.
That is, the Burmese cut down the poppies and burn the fields without paying
any compensation. Whoever protests too much may get hurt or even be killed.
Poppy suppression officials in Thailand have said that Burma's hatred stems
from the vengefulness of the leaders of Burma.
That is, President Ne Win hinted that narcotics traffickers hoped to gain
influence over him and so they tricked his son into becoming addicted to opium
and heroin. Even now, it is not known whether he has been completely rehabilitated
- or not.
Opium is money, as has been repeated many times. Thus, suppression work must ~
- qive attention to the importance of this aspect too. Because, it once turned
out that an off.icial who was formerly very capable in narcotics suppression
became involved in the narcotics trade himself and has become a narcotics
godfater. And he has used his financial influence gained from tne narcotics
trade to escape. To date, he has not been caught. Concerning this sensational
case, the people in Chiang Mai still talk about this and they are sure that
� he will not be caught.
The narcotics suppression system of the government officials relies on "information,"
that is, information that is purchased from "secret agents." Officials admit
that sometimes they encounter cases of "double agents" who provide them with
incorrect information since the narcotics traffickers can pay them more.
Thus, financial expenditures in this matter are very great. In particular,
rewards have been set at up to 45 percent of the value of the narcotics seized
based on standards set by officials.
- Officials have stated that, each month in the north, at least five to six
people working as secret agents or who have been agents for government officials
in seizing narcotics are killed for the reward.
The matter of secret agents is another important problem in the mountains.
Agents must constantly be replaced and switched. When a person has accomplished
his mission and received his reward, if he wants to stay alive, he must quickly
leave the area. And he must stay away for many years. In some cases, the agent
cannot return even after 10 years because of the Iarge reward, which means
that he was an informant in a major narcotics suppression case. In such cases,
the agents must flee abroad.
All of this is only a short summary of what is happening in the intricate
mountains in the north. There are things that are still problems and things
that are not problems.
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I spent several days at Huai Thung Cho and Chanq Khien, which is one of hundreds
of points in the north where the problems must be solved, problems that are
different from those in the plains of Thailand.
11943
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_ THAILAND
- THAI EMBASSY SAYS CHILDREN, NARCOTICS SOLD TO MAI.AYSIA
Bangkok MATICHON in Thai 20 Mar 82 pp 1, 12
[Article: "Hundreds of Thai Children Kidnapped and Sold to Malaysia"]
- [Text) It has been revealed that hundreds of Thai children have been kidnapped
= and sold to Malaysia. The embassy is concerned and has had to send them back.
~ It has been revealed that narcotics have been smugqied across the border using
various tricks.
On 19 March, a high-ranking official from the Thai embassy in M.alaysia talked
with MATICHON about the reports that Thai children have been kidnapped from
- Thailand and sold in Malaysia. He said that this is a problem that is occurring
_ very frequently at present. To date, the embassy has received reports from
Malaysian officials concerning several hundred cases and it has had to take
responsibility for sending these children back so that the public welfare
service in the southern provinces can look after them. ~
A news report stated that the kidnapping and sale of children can be divided
into two types. The first is ~hat children are kidnapped from their parents
and sold to Malaysians of Chinese descent who do not have any children. The
selling price is approximately 51,000 to $2,000 [M~laysian] or 9,000 to 18,000
baht. The price of younger children is higher than that for older children.
Sometimes, the buyers contact and buy from the parents directly without the
consent of the provincial public welfare service. When such child~en are
discovered by checkpoint officials, they are sent back to Thailand.
This high-ranking official also revealed that the smuggli.ng of narcotics from
Thailand into Malaysia is on the rise and various tricks are used. For example,
~ the body of a child was stolen from the Yala provincial hospital, ~nd narcotics
were placed in the stomach. The corpse was then carried across the border.
But Malaysian officials arrested the [trafficker]. Besides this, narcotics
have been smuggled across by hiding them among other goods in trucks. Malaysian ~
- officials use dogs to search for drugs. But sometimes the drugs go undefiected.For
example, if the drugs are packed with fresh fish, the dogs cannot distinguish the
- smell. In addition to this, marihuana is brought in on f ishing boats.
11943
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THAILAND
~
BRIEFS
NARCOTICS PRODUCING CHEMICALS SEIZED--Officials from the Office of the Narcotics
Control Board (ONCB) have revealed that at approximately 1100 hours on 11 March,
ONCB officials and customs officials from Chiany Dao District, Chiang Mai
Province, searched two vehicles, a black Dodge with license No 9K-6145, Bangkok,
and a red Mitsubishi with license No N-0944, Chiang Mai, and found 172 liters
of chemicals used to produce No 4 heroin. The chemicals were valued at 900,000
baht. From the investigation, the three suspects were identified as Master '
Sergeant Thongsuk Bunprasoet, age 50, who is assiqned to the Research and
Production Division, Defense Enery Department, 5ergeant Thongkham Yotsaban,
a driver who is assigned to the Research and Production Division, and Mr Pricha
Roengyang, age 37, who lives at 87 Village 8 in Sung Commune, Fang District,
Chiang Mai Province. Al1 three confessed that they were taking these chemicals
- to a heroin ~efinery at Doi Lang, which is the base of the 93rd KMT Division.
fText] [Bangkok MATICHON in Thai 18 Mar 82 p 1] 11943
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COLOI~IA
BRIEFS
FIVE DRUG TRAFFICRERS ARRESTED--Santa Marta--Five drug traffickers were
- arrested and 3 tons of pressed marihuana were seized today by narcotics
agents in Cienaga. The traffickera are (Rafael Ruiz Ruiz), (Miguel
Rodriguez), (William Ramirez Ruiz), (Aector Angarita Patino) and (Luis
Pulol Laso). An outboard motor boat and several firearms were also seized.
[PA290803 Bogota Cadena Radial Super in Spanish 2330 GMT 27 Apr 82 PAJ
CSO: 5300/2285
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JAMAICA
ILLEGAL AIR STRIP HACK IN OPE1tATION, PAPER'S CHFCK SHOWS
Ringston THE D~?ILY GLEANER in Er~qlish 20 Apr 82 p 1
[Text~ St. George's Valley Airstrip fn St. Elizabeth is back in business.
This illegal airstrip was the scene~of a c]ramatic seizure of a qanja plane
from under a police guard which wae fired on fsrom land and the air in mid~
September 1980. Iphctos not reprodured]
The Government of the day atsnounced that the ~Lrstrip was secured by the
Police and the JDF, and that an enqineering unit of the J.D.F. had star~ted
demolition of the airstrip on Septemb,er 17, 1980. . ,
But these photographs shaw that the strip v~as back in use last w~eek.
Friday, April 16, a GLEANER team saw three vehicles parked by the side of
the strip which had only one end demolished (see pic at bottam). The rest of
the strip, some 4000 feet lonq, was in perfect conditian.
Middle pic shows one of three vehicles disappearinq o~ the approach of the
plane carrying the GLEANER te~n. The other tw~o also dispersed. ~
The top pic shows a number of drwns which were with the vehicles. Did the
drwns contain compressed ganja? And why did the~assmnbled people disperse in
their vehicles, if their business was leqitimate?
CSO: 5300/7548
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I~II:RICO
BRIEFS
LARGE MARIStJANA SEIZURE--Polica seized 15 kilos of maribuana from two brothers,
Benjamia and Victoriano Roeas Lopei, who together w~.th Cesareo Castillo Cortes,
also arrested, were selling the marihuana in Tlahuac. [Text~ [Mexico Citq
ERCELSIOR in Spanish 2 Apr 82 p 10-D] 9015
CSO: 5300/2277
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TRiNIDAD AND TOB~AGO
POLICE C0~9MISSIONER DECRIES GRI~WING OSE OF DRUGS ~
_ Port-of-Spain TRINIDAD GUARDIAN in E~iqlish I9 Apr 82 p 1 � ~
- [Text] There are no g2amour boys in the Trinidad siid Tobaqo Police Service.
This point was emphasised yesterday by Police Commissioner Randolph Burroughs
as he spoke about the groainq threat of the illegal cocaiae trade, its-effects
and efforts being made to combat the general crim~svoave.
Mr. Burroughs, who said he was speakirig also as ~ father, stronqly advised
younq people to steer clear fsrom aativities relatinq to drug abuse which has
a dangerous by product--crime.
Answerinq critics who charged that he was only ooncerned v~ith the establish-
ment of various squads--flying, tactical, etc. etc. he said yestexday:
"Sane people say that these squads qive a qlamour boy image. I want the pub-
~ lic to know that this is not the case at all. There are absolutely no glamour
boys in the Police Service.
Chanqinq Times
"The criminal element today is ~nothinq co:npared with the past era. As the .
country became more affluent the lawless elea~ent has chanqed with the times
and has~become very sophisticated. ~
"To meet these people on equal tenas--aot just equal but one step ahead--we
have to deal with them as the situation demands. Hence the formation of these
squads. Heavy emphasis is being placed on druq related activities as it has
been shown that most of these otfences are tied up with the qeneral crime
scene."
Comcaissioner Huroughs explained that ia order to satisfy their cravings for
- hard drugs, money for which cannot be easily found, persons resorted to hold-
ups and other oriminaZ acts to qet the funds.
On the prevalent use of oocaine Mr. Burrouqhs said people were canpletely
ignoring its dangerous consequences--even death when taken in larqe quanti-
ties. He said:
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"Lonq aqo it was used only by the middle and upper class, seekinq kicks, but
today it is used across the sxial barrfer even though it is v~ery expeasive
to purchase.
"The illeqal use of cocaine and other hard druqs is related to the qeneral
. arime picture and one cannot diemiss both as being irrelevant because the~
~ are inter-related.�
Mr. Burrouqha's concern was aroused follarinq the arrest of six persons Satur-
day by policemen from the Flying and Narcotics Squads, headed by Serqeants
Mervyn Cordner and Rudolgh Leache.
They were aharged with beinq in possession of a larg~ amount of cocaine.
_ Another anqle to the drug-crime syndrome, Mr. Burroughs said, was its
traffickinq.
"As far as we know cocaiae is not produced here. It comes mainly froa~ Latin
American s~w.^es so there must be a traffickinq network. It is oc~non knowl-
edge that people involved in the illicit drug trade do noti stop at anything
to ensure that the drug qets to the market.
CSO: 5300/7548
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IRAN
BRIFE'S
TEHRAN DRUG SEIZURE--The Tehran antidrug squad has seized 20.885 kg of opium
and 2.764 kg of heroin from a number of amugglere. [GF110635 Tehran KEYHAN
in Persian 28 Apr 82 p 9 GP'] . .
ARMS, TRANCEIVER DISCOVERIES--Quchan antidrug equad personnel arrested
'A1 i Hasan Azadeh for possession of two tranceivers with a range of
~ 12 kilometers. Pol-e Dokhtar revolution guards in six missions,arrested
eight hypocrites and discovered the following arms: 144 various types of
light weapons, 13,432 rounds of ammunition, 14 Ralaehnikov magazines,
13 G-3 magazines and a quantity of camping equipment. [GF100955 Tehran
JOMHURI-YE ESLAMI in Persian 1 May 82 p 5 GF]
PROVINCIAL DRUG HAULS--Hamedan: Malayer antidrug squad personnel have dis-
covered 28 rolls of opi~ in the possession of a local resident,
'Ali Mohammad Musa-vand, who was arrested for possession. Yasu3: brother
members of the antidrug headquarters in Gachsaran discovered and destroyed
1 hectare [2.5 acres] of opium poppies last week. Minab: Islamic revolution~
guard corps personnel discovered 2I8 rolls of pure opium and a.22 Colt in the
~ house of 'Abbas Soleymani in .the village of I~ara~i Rudan. Tehran: in the
Zranian month beginning on 21 March, dt'ug aqua.d�p~rsoanel in the cit3es of
Tehran, Quchan, Torbat Heydari-ye and Sarab have d3scovered a total of
114.6 kg af opiian and 11:7 kg of hero3n in the possession of several
narcotics gangs. [GF100955 Tehran JO1~iURI-YE ESLAMI in Persiaa 1 May 82
pSGF]
htALAYER OPIUM SEIZURE--Members of Malayer Islamic Revolution Guard Corps have
seized 8.760 kg of opium from two persons. [Tehran REYHAN 3n Peraian
3May82p2GF]
AN1I-DRUG MEASURES--In connect3on w3th the execution of~ 15 international drug
smugglers, th e Central News Unit reports that th e public relations office of
th e Islamic public prosecutor's office, on behalf of Zehran's drug squad, has
issued a statement, saying: As our Muslim combatants ar e.fight3ng on various
fronts in defense of their Islamic homeland, this office, in order to save
young people from the frighteuing trap of addiction, has also risen to fight
d eath dealers and, having identified them, condemns them to death in accordance
with the verdicts iss.ued by the Islamic Revolution Antidrug Courts. [Text]
[LD041318 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 1030 GMT 4 May 82]
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NAHAVAND NARCOTICS SEIZED--The public relations officer of the Anti-Drug
Court told the KEYHAN correspondent that a band of smugglers was arrested
in Nahavand district last week and 7.538 kg of rolled opium was recnvered
from them. [GF171516 Tehran KLYHAN in Persian 4 Apr 82 p 2~
FEMALE SMUGGLER ARRESTED--A female passenger en route to the United States
was arrested when 1.524 kg of opium was recovered from her baggage at
Tehran's Mehrababad Airport. She denied all knowledge of the contents of
the package, which she said had been given to her by some friends for their
relatives in the United States. [GF171516 Tehran REYHAN in Persian 4 Apr 82
. P 2~
KARAJ OPIUM SEIZURE--During the past month officials of the Anti-Drug Squad
of Karaj district recovered 3.155 kg of opium from traffickers, who were
later handed over to the authorities. [GF171516 Tehran REYHANTT in Persian
4 Apr 82 p 2 j
TAYYEBAT DRUG FIND--According to a report from Mashhad, Tayyebat officials~
arrested a smuggler with 3.3 kg of heroin on his person. He was~later handed
over to the authorities. [GF021214 Tehran JOI~iURI-YE ESLAbII in Persian
22 Apr 82 p 5]
CSO: 5300/5394
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SAUDI ARABIA
- H~AVIER PENALTIES FOR DRUG SMUGGLING, PUSHING PROPOSED
Riyadh AL-RIYAD in Arabic 16 Feb 82 pp 6-8
~[Article: "Report Based on Symposium Dealing With Drugs and Alcohol"]
[Text] The world today is engaged in a desperate struggle ,
with drugs and aleohol, which have come to po$e an enormous
danger to the security and safety of societiea. This danger
also threatens to turn these societies into ruins after
breaking family unity, dispersing ~amily members and destroy-
ing all values and ideals that fight such malignant epidemics .
and diseases. ~ ~
The discussions in today's symposium deal with drugs and
alcohol and their social, economic and health effects and,
consequently, their.effect on society. We will deal in this sym-
posium with the means of protection and cure and will outline
the harmful effects of drugs so that we can fight~them and wipe
them out.
Participating with us in this symposium are Dr Hamad al-Suqayr,
undersecretary in the Ministry of Health; Hamad al-Rushwadi,
undersecretary in the Ministry of Finance and National Economy
for customs affairs; and Lt Gen Yahya al-Ma'lami, assistant
director general of security for op'erational affairs. They
represent the goverrnnent agencies concerned with drug~control
and with curtailing the dangers of drugs and preventing them
from infiltrating society. AL-RIYAD is represented at the
symposium by colleagues Muhammad al-Jahlan, the deputy chief
editor, and editorial managers Nasir al-Qar'awi, Sultan al-Bazi'i,
Sulayman al-'Usaymi and Husayn 'Ali Husayn.
The symposium started with a question addressed to D~r Hamad
al-Suqayr on the harmful effects of drugs and alcohc~l to health
and on the extent to which drugs affect those who use them.
Dr al-Suqayr: In my opinion, alcohol must be added to druEs to make the
picture more complete. There is no doubt that in recent years, a big increase
has been noticed in the number of people using these prohibited substances
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(drugs and alcohol). There are, in fact, numerous reasons for this increase.
nuring the debate and dialogue, the dangers of using these prohibited substances
and their effect on users will become clear. As you know, these substances are
proscribed and they have been proscribed bq our Islamic religion simply because
they affect the personal behavior and mental capabilities of those usiug them--
effects that become obvious when the substances are used for a long time by
persons addicted to them. The effects of these substances are of two kinds:
immediate and long-range. As for the imanediate effects, the excessive use of
these substances becomes evident in the conduct and behavior of the user.
These effects appear in various forms, all of which result in family disinte-
gration and in the user's failure to perform his work and his duties, be they
religious, family or social. Other effects are seen in social problems and
family quarrels and the third kind is seen in accidents and crimes.
In fact, drug addiction and alcoholism occur as a result of the progress and
development being experienced by the country. But it is certain that the use
of these prohibited substances is one of the cuases of the problems arising in
the security and health sectors. The real problems are numerous and, in my
opinion, we can discuss each point separately so that the symposium will be
positive and so that the reader can benefit from it. For these reasons, it is
my opinion that we can discuss these points in detail, trying at the same
time to underline to the ordinary citizen the dangers that these substances
harbor for him, his family and his society. We can then discuss the means or
methods that help combat and control drugs and alcohol. I cannot say that a
final end can be put to drug and alcohol addiction. But at least their dangers
can be reduced and the spread and proliferation of drug and alcohol use can be
prevented. This is a prelude.
AI,-RIYAD: Lt Gen Yahya al-Ma'lami, what, in your opinion, is the motive for
drug and alcohol use and how can they be eliminated?
Lieutenant General al-Ma'lami: The motive for drug and alcohol use starts
with the youth's awareness of his identity. When a youth becomes aware of his
identity, he begins to rebel against the authority that his parents use to
protect him. This rebellion is encouraged by the youth's older peers who, for
example, may convince him to smoke a cigarette. When the youth smokes the
cigarette, he feels that he has rebelled against society and against family
rules and has, consequently, proven~his identity and his manliness, whereas
the fact is quite the opposite. When the youth rebels against the family, he
submits to the will of a number of his peers who, naturally, are not concerned
with his interest. Thus, by rebelling against the good elements in society,
the youth succumbs to the bad and evil elements.
The second point is that some people have the illusion that drug use helps in
many ways. Some students, for example, believe that drug use helps them keep
awake and continue studying for a longer time. I don't exaetly know the
scientific effect of these drugs. Perhaps others are more knowledgeable in
this regard. But the tangible reality is that students who use such pills to
stay awake longer to continue their studies lose the most important element,
namely, comprehension. When a student uses such pills, he loses his mental
concentration and can no longer absorb what he is studying, even if he remains
awake all night long. The next morning, the student feels tired and dizzy.
Naturally, this condition affects his answers and his ability to express the
answers he wants.
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'Phere are other reasons that bring people to use drugs and pills. Some drivers,
for example, want to make more money by making several trips a day on the
liejaz highway between Mecca and Jiddah, on the Jiddah-al-Ta'if highway or to
the eastern province. To stay awake to be able to make more money, the driver
uses pills to help him do so and to remain alert. What happens is quite the
opposite. Even though the driver's eyes may remain open, he becomes absent-
minded and hazy. Consequently, he gets into and causes ~thers to have serious
accidents. I believe, God be thanked, that most drivers have become aware of
this fact and have reduced their drug use.
A fourth reason for the use of drugs by some people is that they imagine that
drugs given them physical strength or, to be clearer and more precise, make
them more potent sexually, whereas what I have read and studied about drugs
and a~cohol says the opposite. The effect of drugs and alcohol on sex is
negative, not positive. But it is possible that because the individual under
the influence of drugs or alcohol cannot feel the harm or the effects, he
imagines that he is (stronger). On the contrary, drugs and alcohol lead to
. negative results insofar as this aspect is concerned, both in the short run
and in the long run.
Drug pushing is, naturally, motivated by one thing, namely, the desire for
illicit profit. Some pushers don't even use the drugs that they try to push
or smuggle and from which they make big profits. This is one of the motiva-
tions that I can recall at present. In any case, some of the other brothers
may have further explanations regarding this point.
AL-RIYAD: Mr Hamad al-Rushwadi, by virtue of your position, what are the
means of controlling this phenomenon or this sickness?
A1-]tushwadi: In fact, I started working in this agency in 1393 of the Hijra.
In the early phase, the customs agency did not, naturally, encounter the pro-
blem of drug smuggling. The agency's role or message was primarily to collect
money, i.e., collect customs fees. It seems to me that with the large number
of foreigners coming into the country, a number estimated at thousands coming
in daily through the air, sea and land points of entry, not to mention those
coming in seasonally, such as people who come in during the pilgrimage season
and who, as all know, exceed hundreds of thousands, as shown by the statistics
published by the Ministry of Interior [we find that if we consider any airport,
_ such as Jiddah, Riyadh or Dhahran airports, we find that the newcomers exceed
hundreds of thousands daily. With the increasing numbers of incoming foreigners,
whether by air or by land, we have actually begun to face, if we may use the
expression, a drug invasion--if we use the phrase in the broad sense and in-
clude alcohol.
- With the large number of incoming people and in evidence of the statistics we
have on the drug volume, including pills, hashish and alcohol, we find that
all the smugglers are non-Saudis and that Saudi smugglers are nonexistent.
AL-RIYAD: Is the Saudi smuggler nonexistent or is the percentage of Saudi
smugblers small?
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AL-Rushwadi: Compared to others, I can say that the Saudi smugglers do not
number more than 10 percent, according to the statistics we have, excluding
- pushers, who are in a different category. We are talking of smugglers.
The customs agency is directly responsible for combatting smugglers. Our
society is, as you know, a conservative and closely-knit Muslim society. We
- didn't know all this [drug use]. If we took any village or city in the past.
we would have found that such substances did not exist. Moreover, we did not
even know about them. But a large number of the incoming foreigners use these
drugs in their countries. The motive for drug smuggling may be a materia?
motive, as proven by the figures and investigations, or it may be aimed at
invading our society and attempting to undermine it by smuggling drugs into it,
pushing these arugs and spreading their use~among the youth, the drivers and
all social classes to cause the disintegration of the society. The methods of
smuggling are varied and countless. This makes me want to try to give some
examples of the ways to which smugglers have resorted to smuggle in their drugs.
But God be thanked, and with the care of the Compassionate and the Merciful,
with the encouragement snd support of the state and with the cooperation of all
the state agencies, the authorities concerned have be?en able to catch and .
apprehend the culprits. For example, we have seized hashish in drums, in
the trunks, back seats and right rear doors of cars, in hollowed places in the
front of cars, under car (ashtrays), in cardboard boxes, in figurines, in car
air conditioners, in ventilation ducts and under car hoods. All these attempts
have been foiled by the customs agencies. Most of the attempts have been made
- by land. We have also discovered drugs hidden in various other places in
vehicles. We have discovered pills and morphine in~ections in vegetable cans
and confectionary boxes, in vehicle gas tanks, in handkerchiefs tied to baskets
installed on the right and left sides of truck cabs and in a secret compartment
in a parrot cage. We have found alcohol hidden in places hollowed out in linnber
shipments. We have discovered other examples of smuggling attempts, such as
passports and residence cards hidden in secret compartments of briefcases and
in shoes. We have discovered attempts to smuggle drugs in spare car tires,
between the car battery and body, in the radio of a~ar coming from New York,
in hollowed-out places in car f~oors, on top of cement for camouflage [as
publishedJ in iron pipes next to the containers, in pipes attached to the car
roof and filled with hashish, in high heels, between layers of plywood, in
refrigerators, in nylon, in a pi,llow, in censers, in secret cassette compart-
ments, in a bag full of food, in dining table legs, in the front and rear
shock absorbers of a car and in a telephone apparatus covered with marble.
We wanted to cite these cases because they are unusual. As for the ordinary
cases, they are countless. We seize quantities of drugs daily, but not neces-
sarily commercial quantities. For example, when a customs official took out a
cigarette from a cigarette pack, he found it filled with hashish. We have found
drugs in a secret compartment of a gas tank, in a can hidden inside another
- can hidden in a cardboard box within yet another cardboard box and covered
with roses for camouflage, in an air conditioner's fan, in a postal parcel, in
tlle walls of a small ice box carried by d passenger, in cushions, in sofas,
_ in books, in concrete, in gypsum and in gypsum blocks.
There are countless examples and we have discovered all of them easily. We
know that it is not possible to cite all of them. However, customs officials,
with the encourageme~it of the government and with the cooperation of the state
agencies operating at the entry points, have been able, God be thanked, to
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discover these smuggling attempts by land, sea and air and to ~oil the smug-
glers.
~Je Have Ability to Discover Criminals
AL-RIYAD: How have these quantities, small as they are, been discovered, since
their being such small quantities may cause customs officials to overlook them?
A1-Rushwadi: Inspection, of course. We know that every passenger and every
vehicle has to be inspected completely. We are very careful to do this and ~
we cannot be lax in this regard,
AL-RIYAD: Is this the result of precision, of the inspection method or of
something else?
A1-Rushwadi: We expect anything. Anticipation, caution and precision enable
us to discover the drugs. A keen eye, in addition to experience, also helps
us. We have the ability to discover any quantity, regardless of how small and
how well hidden it is.
AL-RIYAD: You have cited the example of the cigarette pack. I don't think
that anyone arriving, whether by land, sea or air, expects to be checked so
thoroughly. How was t3~ue pack discovered?
- A1-Rushwadi: The appearance of the criminal, to start with. What we mean is
_ that we now have the experience and the ability. Lieutenant General Yahya no
doubt has his experience.in the field of crime. We have a proverb that says,
"he who eats raw meat will have a stomachache," which means that we can d?s-
cover him easily. Let me give you this example. I was once on a night inspec-
- tion tour in Halat 'Ammar. A person was coming into the country by car. The
car stopped and the officer looked it over carefully. The officer then approach-
ed the shift supervisor and told him: Leave this car to me, please. The
shift supervisor then came to me and said: Please, come and hear what this
officer wants. I said to the officer: What do you want? He answered: This
passenger's movement is not normal. I suspect him. So they inspected the
passenger thoroughly. What was the result?
They found that the walking stick he was holding was filled with hashish.
Naturally, experience is one way to discover smugglers.
It is my belief, and perhaps the brothers agree with me, that any smuggler and
any person engaged in abnormal activity will inevitably display, regardless
of how strong his self-control is, abnormal behavior or movements. The hiding
places in cars have become known to us. We exchange information and we photo-
graph them and send the photographs to all customs offices. They know the
places and when the passenger displays any abnormal behavior, they search him.
Sometimes, smugglers smuggle hashish with children.
A1-Ma'lami: Tlie truth is that I didn't want brother Hamad to expose the means.
However, I believe that he has not mentioned most of the means with which drugs
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can be discovered because these are numerous. There are scientific means and
materia~l means and various other elements, in addition to inspection and care-
- f.ul observation. It serves no interest to explain them here. But I would like
to say that no metter how clever the smuggler is and no matter how strongly he
believes that he can smuggle in his own way, the customs men, with the experience
they have gained, are cleverer than he is. In addition to intelligence, there
is experience. All the tricks that the smuggler can imagine have been encounter-
ed by the cust~ms officers. What has not been encountered by one officer has
been encountered by anather. As brother Hamad has already pointed out, there
is an exchange of information. I believe that in some training courses, the
customs officers are familiarized with the places, ob~ects or methods that
smugglers use in their activity. In addition to the information received at
times about major smugglers and the surveillance to which they are subjected
inside and outside the kingdom, without their being aware of it, there are the
- elements of na~ural intelligence and sensitivity. A11 these are factors that
act ir~ unison to uncover and arrest the smuggler.
A1-Rushwadi: For example, I will tell you that when any case is discovered in
any customs office, be it a border customs office, port or airport customs ~
o�fice, and a smuggler is apprehended, the office takes immediate steps, send-
ing a cable or a telex on the details of the case, whether it should be made
- known to all the kingdom's land, sea and air customs offices, the smuggler's
name, the method of smuggling used, the quantity seized and the name of the
of.ficer makircg the seizure. There is a law and there are regulations that re-
quire the customs director to send within hours the details of a smuggling
attempt ta all customs offices. The General Customs Directorate is given a
copy so that it can initiate procedures for conferring the rewards about which
we will speak later.
Dangers of Drugs to Users
AL-RIYAD: The fact is that we wish to complete the scientific discussion of
drugs. Could Dr Hamad define the extent of the danger of the various kinds
of drugs?
Dr al-Suqayr: I believe that this is an important point that can explain some
of the motivations noted by Lieutenant General Yahya.
Scientifically, drugs and alcoholic beverages are divided into groups. The
eCfects produced by these groups explain why people use them.
The first group is called the depressants or sedatives, which include opium
in its crude form, morphine and cocaine, all of which are extracted from the
poppy plant. These substances are actually used as pain killers and morphine
is still used legally and scientifically for this purpose. But for addicts,
the purpose is different because morphine not only kills pain but generates a
feeling of rest and relaxation through which a person forgets his pains and
his problems. Included in this ~group of depressants are ordinary sedatives and
sleeping pills. For example, valium and liberium are amung the drugs that we
say help to create a feeling of tranquillity. sleeping pills are included in
this group. There are various pi11s prescribed by doctors. But these pills
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may be used to excess. This is what is happening now. We hear that everybody
is using valium to excess. For example, many businessmen and high-ranking
officials consider valium something that helps them to act wisely, calmly and
with self-control. This group of drugs has its effects, meaning that they may
at the outset suppress pain, relax a person and calm his emotions. But wlth
time and increased dosage, the d~�ugs produce a different effect, i.e., they
act as depressants, producing effects ranging from slumber to unconsciousness.
Uther Types: Stimulants
The other type of drugs is quite.the opposite; they are called stimulants.
Ttiere are various kinds of stimulanta, including the cocaine shrub, which grows
in South Africa. Cocaine is extracted from the shrub and is used as a stimu-
lant. We add to this the pi11s that drivers use to gain strength and energy,
as well as diet pills that stimulate the body and weaken the appetite. Many
people use these pills, which are fundamentally stimulan~s. But people imagine
that the pills reduce weight by weakening the appetite. They are stimulants
and a person using them feels tense, dependtng on the dosage used. This type
of drug also includes the so-called halucinogens (S.V.) which, God be thanked,
we don't have. Few people use them here. These pills are used in the United
States and other places. But naturally, there is a danger of these pills com-
ing into our country in the future.
The fourth type includes hashish and mari3uana, about which the brothers have
talked. This is another type of drug. People use these drugs in imitation of
others, as a result of what they hear about their being sexual stimulants or
for relaxation and forgetting their problems. Then there is al-qat, which is
a different type of drug even though it contains some of the ingredients of
hashish. The last type is alcoholic drinks, the sixth type of drug. In many
cases, two types of drugs are taken together, as when a person takes a de-
pressant.and a stimulant at the same time. In such cases, the effect is un-
controllable. What we mean i.s that a person may, for example, take a stimu-
- lant and then feel tense. So he looks for something else, imagining that
using two drugs will produce the effects he wants. Or a person may take a
sedative and an alcoholic drink with it. This is very dangerous. This is why,
when a doctor prescribes a druQ, ~e writes on the prescription instructions
stating what not to take with the drug. One might ask what are the results of
using stimulants and depressants together.
The result is that the user behaves in a manner that he could not imagine be-
cause the interaction and effects of these substances differ from person to
person. They also differ in the same pQrson, depending on whether the drugs
are taken on a f ull stomach or not and on the person's psychological condition.
Statistics on Addiction and Addicts
Dr Hamad al-Suqayr, undersecretary in the Ministry of Health, adds: There is
a statistical figure on those admitted to al-Ta'if hospital. It is a simple
figure but it underlines to us the dangers we are facing and the problems we
are experiencing. The latest statistical f igure presented to the ministry
from the mental diseases hospital in al-Ta'if, namely, the Shahhar .Hospital,
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on the emergency cases admitted to the hospital involve not addicts who stay
_ home and spare others their evils, which most addicts do, but addicts who got
into traffic accidents ~~hile under the influence of drugs and had to be admitted
to the hospital for emergency care. I noticed in the statistical figure the
presence of an important category (a category of particular interest to brother
Lieutenant General Yahya), namely, the victims of alcohol and drug accidents.
Last year, 1,941 of these cases were admitted to Shahhar Hospital, 143 of ~ihich
were alcohol and drug cases, representing nearly seven percent of the cases
admitted to the mental diseases hospital. These are cases suffering from
mental instability and abnormality. Of the total number, 115 were Saudis. As
for. age, most of the cases; both Saudis and non-Saudis, ranged in age from 20
to 40 years. This period in a man's life is the period of vitality and youth.
A total of 110 were between the ages of 20 and 40. Naturally, the percentages
for other age groups are smaller. It was also found that the largest percen-
tage consisted of drivers, who comprised 24 percent of the cases, and of unem-
ployed, who formed the second largest percentage. The third largest group came
from among unskilled workers.
Students Are Very Few
AL-RIYAD: What about students?
A1-Suqayr: There were only two students in the enti,re group. Skilled workers
comprised nearly 5 percent of the group, unskilled workers nearly 18 percent
and people engaged in private business 13 percent. The highest percentages
were comprised of drivers and the unemployed.~
Inseitution to Treat Addicts
AL-RIYAD: Has the Ministry of Health thought of establishing an institution
to treat these cases, especially since they have begun to increase, whereas
they were nonexistent or existed in very small numbers in the past?
Dr al-Suqayr: I agree with you that this is a normal and fundamental step that
- should have been taken some time ago. But we are now in the process of imple-
menting it and, God willing, an institution wi11 be opened very shortly to
treat addicts.
In fact, it is my opinion that it is difficult to treat addicts. We must put
an addict in an institution [Rehabilitation Center] that is not a hospital so
that he does not feel that he is a patient, but at the same time we must not
isolate him. Actually, the word institution is a very reasonable expression.
We should call this place a convalescent home. This is the name generally
agreed on, considering that the patient is moving from one phase to another to
restore normalcy to his life. To create this climate for the addict, we are
now taking positive steps to establish a pro3ect in Riyadh. This pro~ect
should become a reality in the near future, even if we have to rent a place for
the purpose. In every mental institutions being set up by the ministry, an
addiction section will be set up, whether it is in the Riyadh Medical Complex,
in the mental institution in al-Ta'if, which now has 300 beds excluding the SOU
beds being added at present, in the Abha hospital or in other hospitals.
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Every hospital will have a special section for addicts. In al-Ta'if, we have
rented a home and turned it into a convalescent home. This home is detached
from the hospital, bec:sse it serves a phase that follows the initial treatment
phase. We have faced problems as a result of the location of the home and the
disapproval ofthe neighborhood's residents. The way people feel about these
~ mental ~onvalescent homes is also a problem, considering that people feel abvut
convalescents in mental homes the way they used to feel about convalescents in
tuberculosis sanitariums. It is difficult to persuade neighboring residents.
However, we have overcome this problem. A sanitarium [Rehabilitation Center]
will be founded very shortly. The ministry is interested in this point and
will include it in its future projects.
AL-Riyad: How can a patient go to a sanitarium when he lacks the personal de-
sire and motive to try to overcome this sickness?
A1-Rushwadi: The method of treatment is based on treating the patient by gi~ving
him gradually reduced doses of the drug. I believe that this is the principle
here~ I acknowledge that there are those who will ask: How is it we give the
addict wha* he buys from the market when we should be preventing him from taking
drugs? Our answer is: It is better for the addict to get the drug in gradual-
ly reduced doses at the sanitarium [Rehabilitation Center] than to be denied it
all at once. Naturally, this is an issue that requires courage and a decision
by authorities other than the Ministry of Health. What we mean is that this
decision is not a medical decisidn but one that depends on other agencies that
can give the go-ahead signal first.
- Dr al-Suqayr: I believe that sanitariums founded 3nitially will be of two kinds:
Those treating recidivist addicts already treated and released, as shown by the
records, and those treating others who have not been arrested previously and
who come for treatment voluntarily to get rid of their addiction. The proposed
sanitarium or convalescent home is completely different from previous mental
hospitals. At the outset, we may be scientifically compelled to administer to
the addicts some drugs that they cannot give up abruptly. But the emphasis
wilY be on the social and religious aspects and on persuading the ac~~~iict.
This means that a number of discussions must be held on the issue an~l on the
effects of drugs so that certain specialists, sociologists and clergymen can
_ be persuaded to inculcate this spirit.
It is ~~ny opinion that a drug addict is willing to give up eating and drinking,
to abandon his family, to steal and to commit crime. This is what is happening
in some countries. In many countries, addicts hold up people at gunpoint in
the middle of the street and demand money to buy the dose of drug they need.
These people are sick. How can such a person be treated? The problem must be
approached scientificaily and such ax~ approach is available at addiction treat-
ment centers.
Role of Security Agencies
AL-RIYAU: This question is addressed to Lt Gen Yahya al-Ma`lami: What is the
security agencies' role in keeping away the ghost of fear from the addict so
that he will come forward for treatment, considering that the addict is afraid
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to acknowledge his addiction for fear of the punishment that follows the
treatment? What is your opinion on this?
_ A1-Ma'lami: I would like to explain this point. I can say that insofar as the
security policy is concerned, if an addict applies for treatment at official
Ganitariums or specialized hospitals of the Ministry of Health, then the se-
curity men will pursue him no further. On the contrary, we encourage treatment
because the purpose is to combat drugs and to protect the citizen and the
society and its members against drugs. I believe that whoever submits to
treatment voluntarily responds to our goals. Consequently, we must open the
opportunity to such an addict and must not pursue him. I belleve that this
policy is applied but I doubt that there are those who try to get treatment
for the sake of treatment. What addicts want is to get at the treatment centers
the drugs they can or cannot buy outside by pretending to see~C treatment. In
such a case, of course, the addict is cheating. This fact must be taken into
consideration and evaluated. As for the person who actually comes f~t treat-
ment, I say frankly that he is a victim and we must reexamine the issue on the
basis that he is an innocent victim. It is true that the addict has made a
mistake and committed a crime against himself. But in fact, he is the victim.
The true criminal i~ the smuggler and the pusher who has introduced this disease
into the country. They are the real criminals who must be punished most severe-
ly. As for the addict, he has committed a mistake and a misdeameanor and
deserves to be punished. But the punishment must be gentle and designed to
make him feel that his action is wrong. Meanwhile, the emphasis insofar as the
addict is concerned should be more on treatment than on punishment.
Dr al-Su~ayr: I would like to underline a point in order to eliminate some of
the fears to which the brother lieutenant general has referred. Nobody can
come to the hospital from the street and say "I am an addict" and be given a
drug. There are scientific tests that can prove whether a person is an addict
or not. Besides, a person seeking treatment for addiction must submit to a
medical examination and to a period of inental and behavioral observation when
the reaction of the addict becomes scientif,ically evident to the sanitariumn
[Rehabilitation Center]. No one can deceive the sanitarium. The applicant
may resort to some tricks and abnormal �.ovements. But the scientific tests,
such as blood pressure, tests on the pupil of the eye and the pulse, can expose
the tricks. It is well known that when a person becomes addicted to a drug,
_ the effect of the drug becomes obvious within a certain period. If he stops
taking the drug, the effect disappears after a time. For example, if ~ uerson
is a diabetic and takes insulin, he develops certain characteristics. ~f he
takes insulin in still bigger doses, other characteristics develop. If the
sugar rate rises in the diabetic's blood, he might become unconscious. However,
there are scientific tests that domonstrate everything. It is difficult to
trust an addict's word. He may say: I have come for some morphine. We cannot
say, here, take it and let him deceive us, because he may then make a tour of
all the sanitariums [Rehabilitation Centers] and get all he wants. No, this
cannot be done.
Penalty for Smuggling and Pursuit of Smugglers
AL-RIYAD: Mr Hamad al-Rushwadi, you have referred to some statistics on drug
seizures made at the points of entry. I believe that the issue does not end
with discovering the smuggler or the criminal. What are the penalties for
smuggling and pushing?
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A1-Rushudi: First, it is my opinion that we must focus on the causes of the
problem. But if we agree that the danger comes frmn abroad and not from
- within--and I don't say this out of bias or out of partiality to the Saudi
citizen because the figures, facts and statistics are indisputable [sentence
as published]. As I have already said, our society is a conservative Islamic
society and these diseases ahve been brought into it either for the purpose of
destroying this society and its beliefs and of fighting society or for the pur-
pose of profit. This is indisputable and both possibilities are likely. Per-
haps the investigations conducted by the agencies concerned can shed light on
this issue. The fact is that the customs agency has its role and then comea
the role of the security agencies concerned.
The role of the custmns agency at the land, sea and air points of entry is to
inspect all passengers, ~eans of transportation and goods to look for prohibited
or banned substancea, whether banned for social reasons, traditions, economic
reasons, political reasons or health reasons.
In the customs agency, we carry out th~ inspection as a customs agency to make
sure that no alcohol, pills, drugs, weapons or anti-religious materials, such
as sex films and lewd magazines--all of which are banned--enter the country. We .
then come to another type of substance, namely, goods permitted to enter the
country only in accordance with advance import permits, i.e., with the approval
of the authorities concerned. For example, the Ministry of Health is concerned
with medicines and the customs agency may not clear any medicines without the
approval of the Ministry of Health. The Ministry of Agriculture's approval is
needed for vegetables and fruits. The Ministry of Information is concerned
with books and magazines and the Religious Interpretation and Propagation
Authority is concerned with religious books and Roranic books. Each ministry
has its special representatives. The customs agency conducts its inspections
to look for any of these banned materials. If something is discovered, then
- the action depends on the material discovered. If it is something banned, then
we tell the passenger bringing it: Go and get a permit from the pertinent
~ authority. If the material is prohibited, whether for religious or health
reasons--such as magazines which cause no physical harm, then the agnecy con-
ducts its investigation with the passenger concerned, writes a report on the
case signed by the passenger and confiscates the mater3al. In the case of
hashish, for example, the customs agency conducts an initial investigation with
the smuggler and a report is written in the presence of representatives of the
Drug Control Agency. Customs then hands over the smuggler and the hashish
seized to the Drug Control Agency and levies on the smuggler a fine, depending
on the quantity of hashish seized. The current fine is 1,000 riyals per kilo-
gram of hashish, according to the custams regulations. I hope that the fine
will be doubled, God willing. THis fine is awarded to the customs officer or
officers seizing the smuggled hash3sh, be they 1 or 10 officers, as an incen-
tive. I am not exaggerating when I say that millions of riyals have been paid
as incentive. If the smuggler cannot pay the tine, the state, represented in
the customs agnecy, makes the payment ta whoever makes the seizure, be he a
customs officer, a drug control officer, a health official, a person working
in AL-RIYAD or anybody. Such a person is paid the reward from a special _
account in the custottis agency treasury if the smuggler cannot pay the fine.
There are special committees to handle smuggling cases, to make speedy decisions
on such cases and to avoid the transfer of smugglers from province to province.
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There are 11 such co~nittees in the various provinces of the kingdom. These
committees a;re found in the Western Province, the Southern P~ovince, al-
Hathbara, .iYzan, Nalat 'Ammar, al-Hadithah, al-Ruqa'i, al-I~afa~i, al-Dam~nam
and Riqadh. All of these co~nittees trq smugglers, issue sentences and hand
over smugglers to the drug control agencies. Then comes the role of the drug
control agencies in punishing the smuggler.
The smuggler may use a truck to smuggle drugs, alcohol, pills or hashish vlaued
at more than 1,000 riyals, perhaps 300,000 riyals or even l million riyals,
which has �heppened. In such cases, the smuggled goods and the vehi!~le are
conf iscated and the smuggler has to pay the fine for the~smuggled drugs.
Eighty percent of the value of the amuggled goods ia paid as an incentive to
the officer making the seizure.
AL-RIYAD: W hat about the value of the goods? [As published]
A1-Rushwadi: Eighty percent of the value of the goods goes to the officer
making the seizure, in cash. As for the vehicles, they enter the atate
treasury. As for goods, I have given you two examples involving cars belong-
ing to German citizens that were confiscated bq the customs authorities in
- al-Hadithah. Their value amounted to 600,000 riyals. ~ ~
AL-RIYAD: The value of the goods or of the two cars? ~
AL-RUSHUDI: Thirty percent of the value of the two cars plus the value of the
goods they carried amounted to 1 million riyals. The cars and goods were con-
fiscated and the reward, amounting to 30 percent of the value of the two cars
and 80 percent of the value of the goods, was paid to nearly 12 officers who
made the seizure. Whoever makes a drug seizure, even if he is not a Saudi or
a state employee, gets to colleet the reward. The penalty according to the
customs law is strict. Permit me to say that there is no law as strict as our
_ law, and I am not exaggerating when I say this. Under our law, qou confiscaCe
the smuggler's vehicle and his goods and you fine him. The matter does not end
there because we then hand over the smuggler to the drug control agencies to
receive his punishment. This punishmnent in actuality should not be hindered.
AL-RIYAD: Despite the confiscation, the fines, the....?
A1.-Rushwadi: Yes, because this punishment has not been adequate. We still
find smuggling at the borders. When a vehicle is confiscated, the case is
made known to hundreds of drivers (nearly 250-300 drivers) and th~ news reaches
all the neighboring countries and even Europe. It is my o~inion that the
penalties applied by the customs agency according to its law, by the Ministry
of Interior--imprisonment and other punishment about.which I cannat talk be-
cause it is not within my 3urisdiction--are~not adequate. This is why I
believe, and I am not speaking in the name of the customs agency here but
speaking personally as a citizen [sentence as publtshed]. I believe, and
perha~s so does brother Yahya, that the amuggler and the pusher are the real
criminals. I am no religious authority on this issue but I have discussed
the matter with a Shari'a professor at Imam Muhammad ibn Sa'ud University and
he believes that these people spread corruption on earth and must, therefore,
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' be sentenced to death. In my opinion, this is the solution for the smuggler
and the pusher. As for the user, he is a victim. This is what I believe as
far as penalties are concerned.
AL-RIYAD: We have heard so far about the financial and customs penalties. We
would like to hear from Lt Gen Yahya al-Ma'lami about the security penalties.
A1-Ma'lami: The truth is that tihe panalty currently applied insofar as drug
use is concerned is the penalty of a prison term of up to 2 years.
AL-RIYAD: As a minimum or a macimum?
A1-Ma'lami: The truth is that the law sought a 2-year prison term and then an
explanation was received from the Council of Ministers stating that this is the
maximum. There is still a question pending as to whether a shorter term caa be
applied. What happens at present is that the 2-year term ia applied to a user.
AL-~IYAD: Even to a hashish user?
A1-Ma'lami: Even to the user of a single drug pill. One individual was caught
with a single pill on his person,.and God knows how it got to be on him, and
he was still sentenced to a 2-year term on a decision by the minister of inter-
ior in accordance with the Council of Ministers decree that sets the penalty. .
Naturally, there is an inclination to make the panalty flexible, taking into
consideration the quantity seized with a user, the individual's circumstances
and other factors so that (the principle) of punishment may be applied accord-
ingly within the context of Public Safety at large. The principle of punish-
ment is established by law. ~ery culprit must receive a punishment fitting
him personally, regardless of the limit set. I say that the present penalty
for a user is a 2-year prison term, for a pusher a 5-year term and for a
smuggler up to 15 years in jail. Regrettably, smuggling continues despite this
long imprisonment. Imagine a person wha is jailed for 15 years and whose pro-
perty is confiscated, thus being first denied his money, which is the source
of his income and, second, being isolated from society, from his country and
his homeland, for 15 years, and yet you find more smugglers and more pushers.
Here, I add my voice to brother Hamad's about considering a stricter punish-
ment for pushers and for smugglers, especially because the smuggler brings in
- large quantities. Smugglers are often people with moral and financial in-
fluence who exploit others below them to do the smuggling. If we reach the
big heads, they must be given.stricter punishment because they are truly people
- who spread corruption on earth. I am not giving a legal [religious] interpre-
tation here but just stating my opinion. These are the people who spread
corruption on earth because there is nobody more corrupting than those who
poison society, destroy the citizen and defy Islam, religion, the state and
everything and ruin the mental capabilities of the innocent Muslim citizens.
Drug Rings and Their Dens Abroad .
AL-RIYAD: Lieutenant General Yahya, regarding the arrest of pushers and
smugglers, has this ~ictivity been linked to certain rings or groups or is the
majority of the arre?ts confined to individuals? Generally, what is the role
of the public security organs in enlightening the citizens as to the use of
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drugs? It is possible that a person may start fooling with drugs abroad as a
game and then bring them into the country with him and change from one person
- into a different person and turn into a drug pusher when he realizes the
benefit? What is public securitq's role in fighting the spread of drugs through
education? Have any rings ~rith big internal and external connections actually
been discovered? The second thing is: What is the role of enlightening the
citizen as to their [drug rings] dangers? The newspapers and information
media often discuss their dangers but I don't believe that such action has
taken place at any time insofar as drugs are concerned [as published). ~
Al-Ma'lami: It is true that drug use begins at the outset as a pastime and
then turns into a habit and then.a sickness. Drug use begins as a pastime and
a game and then becomes a habit that develops until the drugs become indispen-
sable and the user turns into an addict, as they say. Drug use then becomes a
disease. This is insofar as use is concerned. As for smuggling and pushing,
there is no doubt that they are linked to certain rings. There are big heads
and international gangs outside the kingdom engaged in drug smuggling and push-
ing. We cooperate and exchange information with Interpol and with all of the
drug control agrncies in the world. Anybody we catch here gets his punishment,
of. course. Those arrested abroad are also punished. But it seems to me that
the methods of investigation and trial and the laws abroad provide strong pro-
tection to the main figures behind the smuggling and pushing operations con-
sidering that these figures are not ~iirectly engaged in the activity but ex-
ploit others to carry it out. The middleman is the one who always suffers.
As for the main figure~, they do not get caught because they remain behind the
scenes, financing the trial defense or other expenses needed for the person
arrested and for his family. We here are firm and strict in our sentences and
no other considerations influence us. Anybody caught smuggling is punished
regardless of who he is. Nobody escapes this punishment. Even users are
punished. We now have in jail pushers and smugglers whom nobody would have
expected to be involved in this work. In any case, this is what has happened.
These people were caught redhanded and they--users, pushers and smugglers--are
now serving their term in 3ai1.
AL-RIYAD: The point we refer to concerns publicizing the punishment in the
newspapers, as is done in cases of counterfeiting. Why isn't this done?
A1-Ma'lami: I believe that the crime of smuggling and pushing drugs is more
serious and important than the crime of forgery and counterfeiting. There-
fore, I am inclined to support publication of the penalties and of the names
and photographs of smugglers and pushers to revile them on the one hand and to
protect the citizens and enlighten them as to these people's crimes on the
other hand. As to what is being currently done for the purp~se of enlighten-
ment, I believe that efforts are currently underway to draw up a complete plan
for enlightenment as to the dangers of alcohol and drugs. The Ministry of
Interior is engaged in these efforts. His Highness Prince Ahmad held a meet-
ing with the public security men and a committee has been formed to formulate
a general enlightenment, plan covering the health, social and economic dangers
of drugs. I believe that the ministry will shortly begin carrying out its
pl.an in the various information media. I would like to note that AL-RIYAD has
taken the initiative by holding this symposium as a forerunner of the plan
being currently prepared.
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Examination of Employee Before Appointment
AL-Riyad: Dr Hamad, to what is it possible to coordinate between the Ministry
of Health and all other establistmnents, be they goverinnent agencies, private
companies or organizations or anq other organizations, to ma.ke it impossible
for a person to be employed until he undergoes complete tests, whether blood
tests or otherwise, to uncover the early signs of addiction and, consequently,
to contain them?
Dr al-Suqayr: I agree with you. This is very important in fighting this
disease. There must be coordination with the circles concerned. Various
circles must participate even in the committee formed to draw up the enlighten- .
ment plan concerning drug dangers and control. This is fundamental. Various
circles must participate in the enlightenment effort so that we can influence
the citizen and may make him aware of the dangers of drugs to his person and
to his family.
Statistical Figures on Drugs
AL-RIYAD: The press is always interested in statistics. We want Lt Gen Yaliya
al-Ma'lami and Mr Hamad al-Rushudi to give us the statistics on the largest
quantity of drugs or of banned substances seized inside the kingdom or at the
kingdom's points of entry.
A1-Rushudi: The truth is that I did try to get this figure but there was not
, enough time. Frankly, I can say that pills ahve probably been seized in the
millions, meaning that the total in 2 or 3 years amounts to millions. The
quantities of hashish seized probably amount to hundreds of kilograms. As for
alcohol, the quantities amount to tens of thousands of bottleE. These are so
snall figures. In a period of 2-3 years, the quantities of alcohol seized
amounted t~ thousands, not hundreds, of bottles, of hashish to hundreds of
kilograms and of pills to millions, not to mention other seized materials,
such as forged work permits, forged passports and other forged documents. We
have accurate statistics prepared by the customs offices operating at the
points of entry but I have not had enaiugh time to gather them. So I am giving
you approximate figures.
Smuggling Plans: Their Timing and Seasons
AL-RIYAD: Are there certain areas where and certain times when smugglers ,
become active?
A1-Rushudi: Yes. Being in the customs agencq, I can speak for the smuggling.
As for drug pushing, Lieutenant General Yahya can answer that.
As far as smuggling is concerned, I can say that no less than 90 percent of
the people engaged are non-Saudis. Permit me not to mention specific
nationalities. However, these people come from various countries. As for the
various types of smuggling, most of the hashish is smuggled by land. Alcohol
is the substance smuggled in the biggest quantities, mostly by way of the
ports. Pills are smuggled by way of the airports, especially Jiddah. Natur-
ally, we have certain nationalities and specific countries, meaning that we
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can now tell certain nationalities that smuggle this or that kind of drug from
this or that eountry. The customs agency has developed such a keen eye and
Kained such experience that we can now tell that such and such countries
specialize in hashish, this and Chat country specialize in alcohol and that and
the other country specialize in magazines and films, for example. This is
Insofar as the points of entry are concerned.
As for the seasons, the smuggling of alcohol becomes active prior to the new
year because the country is full of foreigners, as you know. Before Christmas
and the new year, alcohol smuggling usually becomes active. Hashish and pill
smuggling also becomes active at certain t"imes. The smugglers try as hard as
they can during the pilgrimage seasons because of the large numbers of pilgrims
coming into the country. But the quantities seized indicate the sincere desire
and efforts exerted to cambat drug smuggling. There are numerous factors that
help us discover smuggled drugs.
AL-RIYAD: Are there certain groups, such as professional merchants, workers
or specific classes, who smuggle these substances?
A1-Rushwadi: Saudis rarely smuggle alcohol. Most alcohol smugglers are workers,
clerks, engineers or technicians. Most hashish smugglers are drivers. (As
soon as the consignment arrives, the smugglers--most ~f them foreigners--
disguise as businessmen) [as publishedJ. Pills are 3muggled by ordinary people.
Hashish is smuggled in small quantities not exceeding 5 kilograms per shipment.
Heroin and cocaine are also smuggled.
Fine for Smuggling Drugs
AL-RIYAD: What is the fine for [smuggling] drugs?
A1-Rushudi: In accordance with the customs law, we now levy a fine of 1,000
riyals per kilogram of hashish. The law says that a smuggler may not be re-
leased from jail until he pays the fine, even if he is sentenced by the Minis-
try of Interior or by the provincial governments. Usually, no provincial
government in the kingdrnn releases a smuggler, even if he has fully served
his term, without the approval of the customs, meaning unless the customs agency
is notified that the smuggler has paid the fine or that he is unable to pay it.
Another system is applied for alcohol where a fine of 1,000 riyals is levied
for every 12 bottles. The fine for pil~s ranges from one quarter riyal to 2
riyals per pill. All these fines are awarded to the officers making the
seizures, regardless of the sum involved. I would be revealing no secret when
I say that 3 months ago we paid nearly 1.1 million riyals to no more than 10
employees of one of the state agencies. Moreover, there are other fines that
I need not mention. There are fines even for pornographic magazines and films
and for weapons. On the instructions of His Excellency Muhammad Aba al-Khayl,
the customs agency has a secret fund with a good sum of money from which to pay
any customs officer who seizes any kind of prohibited or banned substances.
The reward for such an off icer ranges from 1,000 to 20,000 riyals paid from
the secret fund. This is in addition to the regu~ar fine that the officer
collects as an earned right. Nobody can deny the officer this right. If the
smuggler cannot pay the fine, the customs agency pays it to the officer from
its own treasury. This secret fund is confined to the customs officers. What
_ prevents paying a drug control officer, a public security officer or any other
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official playing a role in the seizure o~ drugs a reward from this secret fund?
As for the regular reward, it is not restricted to anybody and may be paid to
any citizen or any person, even if he is not a citizen. Anybody who provides
the customs agency with information on drugs gets paid 50 percent of the fine.
This means that if the fine is 1 million riyals, the informer gets paid 500,000
riyals. Any worker, employee or person who seizes drugs or informs on drugs is
paid a r~+ward. Therefore, these~are facts for which I must praise the minister
of interior and the deputy minister of interior. As I have already pointed out,
the minister of f inance gives the customs officers rewards from the secret fund.
The minister of interior and deputy minister of interior have also given in-
centive rewards to whomever has participated jin exposing] or informing on drug
activities, including non-Saudis.. This means that the door is open for anybody
who provides information, leads to or seizes drugs.
Entrapment of Citizens
AL-RIYAD: We have an observation to make to Lieutenant General al-Ma'lami.
At times, drugs are planted on drivers or passengers, while they are traveling
on the highways, without their knowledge. What is the position of the public
security organs in such cases, especially when the person planting the drugs
is not im the kingdom and when he plants the drugs for smuggling or trading?
A1-Ma'lami: Contacts can be made by the criminal police with the country con-
cerned and direct contacts can be made between countries. But naturally, a
person with whom the drugs are sent will deny and will not acknowledge or con-
fess. We cannot conduct an investigation in another country. If necessary,
we ask the authorities of the country concerned to question t?:e.person alleged
to have done the planting. I have a simple anawer regarding the statistics
that you have asked for. I have no statistical figure at present on the number
of people arrested or on the quantities seized with them. Even if such a
figure were available, it would have to go through certain steps before it was
made public. Any statistics have to be published as part of an official state-
ment. I can refer you t~~ the statistical booklet issued by the Ministry of
Interior where you can flnd the statistics on past years, as well as to the
general statistics published by the Ministry of Finance where you can find the
information you want for past~years, for last~year and even for the current
year.
- Coordination Between Security Agencies to Combat Smuggling
AL-RIYAD: Mr Hamad, how is coordination established between you and other
countries, especially the Gulf states and neighboring countr3.es, at the coun- .
try's points of entry to combat the entry of drugs and alcohol to the area
generally, considering that some international firms or rings have turned
toward exploiting the area's conditions and to attempting to entrap its citi-
zens?
A1-Rushwadi: As you have noted, the truth is that there are attempts to ex-
ploit the facilities and the large number of foreign workers in th~ Gulf
states. As we said at the outset af the discussion, there is no doubt that
certain groups infiltrate for a certain purpose. Let me stress again that I
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believe that this purpose is to fight this society and our creed with these
methods and through the dissemination of this destruction. This is my view~
point, and I may be right or I may be wrong. But this is what I bel3eve as a
result of my experience in this field. There may be other xeasons (material
incentives). It is possible that there are individuals who monopolize and
direct this smuggling activity. As for coordination and cooperat3on, they are
actually good. There are contacts and exchanges of information. I hope that
the [Gulf] Cooperation Council and the new treaty concluded wi11 produce better
results, God willing. The kingdom is, naturally, a memlier of the Customs~
Cooperation Council in Brussels, which includes more than 80 countries that
exchange informat3on on smugglers. This. is very good, I may even say excel-
lent, cooperation with the security agencies concerned of .the Ministry of
Interior. The border guards are, as you know; one of the agencies controlled
by the Ministry of Interior. This agency is concerned with the borders and it
is its responsibility to arrest whoever swerves from the (normal routes) and
to arrest smugglers and hand them over to the customs agency to be tried and
fined according to the customs law and to have their goods confiscated. Such
persons are then handed back to the border guards to be tried for violating
the regular routes. The guard then hands them over to the drug control
agencies for punishment.
The coordination is very good. We receive full cooperation fram the agencies
of the Ministry of Interior in particular because they are concerned with the
security aspect. There is also cooperation, coordination and information ex-
change insofar as the treatment of drug addiction is concerned. What I mean
is that I am very pleased with this coordination and cooperation. I must say
that insofar as the security agencies are conceraed, beginning with brother
i,t Gen 'Abdallah Al al-Shaykh and Yahya al-Ma'lami and ending with all the
brothers whose responsibility~and duty it is to also fight drugs, we receive
- cooperation not only from the director of drug control but also �rom the people
- on top, and unparalleled cooperation at that. But I hope and wish that stricter
punishment will be meted out to deter whoever may think of smuggling.
8494
CSO: 5300/4713
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SOUTH AFRICA
S~NTENCING FOR DRUGS 'APPALLING' SAYS PROFESSOR
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 May 82 p 12
(Article by Marilyn Cohen] .
[Text ] gg~NCg meted out ~~t badc.dllem- It could happen, how-
in gouth Africa to ~ p~ gouth Airlc~ ever~ th~t treatmeat for
people wmricted of pos- ~ eo~trol. be added~ ."what iu perhaps the .
seuin~ or dealin~ in ha- ~@ I~~ oi t~e most disruptlve malady
Mt forminY dr~s were oystem to oome to of our time" mey be de-.
"eppa111n~"~ the Wib terms with the lmpend- nied ~a addicted penon
>tedical Student~ Con- ~ oonflict Detween on waoount of "mere bu-
(erenae on dru~ abwe puattl~;~nt and re- reaucratic nd tape��~
was told 7~t~~7� iora~.
profeseor J D vaa der ~i ~~n der Vyver Traders in depea-
V~er~ head of the I.aw aacuaed the Soutb Aid- denoe produdn~ ~ub-
- School at the Univerd-
q? of tbe Witwatersrand c~a jusdoe q?atem of ataaces. who also ha~
said that the miaimnm ~em1n~ to. be "eaooeed- pened to be ~ddicted to
~ot,~~ stlp~~ ia~ hedtant - aot to 6ru~s, wece noe ~i~ea
for dru~ oftences were ~Y ~luctant - to ac- ~ the chaace of retorm in
t'ar too set?ere. P~ addicted. peraons rehaMlitatlon oentree.
Thia was ~sPedaw? ~o to therapp in a rehabili- ,
when one conaider~d ~don antre "
that the onus was nsn- g~~ dependeat on T~ O0~ ,
al~y on the aacused to ~~hol or other depea- �f ~e ~paOn that
prove that althou~h he dena prodndn~ dru~s ~e lon~ term of aom-
had in hL Po~~+lon wiu aot in it~f enou~h ~~7 tmprtwnment
more thaa. for example. ~~n admis~ioa to a i�r th~ by
- 115~ of da~~a~ he was n~b~q~oa centre. ~ uN' w�Wd pr�'~Ide ad-
not dealin~ in d1e dru~. he a~ld. e4uate opport~aities
"The phenomenon of tor the Qtminnl to re-
minimum tentenali- be d~a~er to blmaeli. h~bllitRte.
(md excessive pe
des) reflecte a riqd and hla fami~l? or sodeb at . .
iafle~dble peaal poli4? lar~e aad his deteat~on .~'The~ of wurae. la
which is uasuited to ea- antre would aLo have utter rnbbbh. A prLoa
H~htened commuNh' oell ia probably the leut
atructures, he aaid. tO~~trate.orlsed ~Y i sulted !or pnr~ses of
rehabilitadon~�
Dll~mm~ ' p~ q~p~
CSO: 5300/5736
l, �
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~ SOUTH AFRICA
NAT:i.ON LAGGING IN BATTLE AGAINST DRUG ABITSE SAYS IlE MIRANLIA
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 May 82 p 12 ~
[Article by Marilyn Cohen] ~
[ Text ] soUr$ wr~~s ~ n~ ~ ~~a.-;aa -
to c~pe w~rb arus.as... ~aa d.~a mo.c.msdiC:i
asd drn~-reLted psob~
lem~ rras "most nasat� ~ . ~ ~ .
idactoe7" and ~er7 N~~ depeadeat"
little. If aaqrtbin~. L~d
Oara achie~ed oa s ntt. �as a r~inadaWe ~laa~s, '
ioaal, bads la term~ d so tbat aoat~9lo~i-ter.m
= ellecttve p~areotioa ' tre~tm~eat became un-
- Tliis wa~ said by tLe attaiaable to the maior-
director and bead o[ ~q a[ snch patieat~ �
~~inical Serloe~ ot the ~~In addittoa. the ~b-
8outh Africaa Natloo~i seaee ot aatlon~l su~
~ oa~
(SANCA).� De' ~s~?aio eRalwtio~t riamp~d
d~ lfisaada. at ffit D1~,
o~eain~ o~ tLe Wtts both treatm~aot
~[edle~l3todents' co~a- ~ .
- dl wa[erenoe oa d~ . .
a~e aad ~abos~. ~er~thtocnater
3onth Afric~ ar~ ~ abnae -r tbe abnre .
b nqni~d a aatfooai a[ aaal~aks .,(Dafa
~e~eati~e Rop~'amm~ l~dllen). aou~ mi:.
- ~ drn~ abo~ 1r turer, sleeDiai ta6lets.
Tbis ~ws becans~ tbt ~~uili~ers and ~lion-.
aonatr~r's anll~ble ~ tabktr - r~ouM
treatmeat fadltdes ia rb~int
~
~tbreats ~t~o ~
~ro~~dependeat Pa tLt ~tton ia t~e ne:t
timL were �~ro~s~? ia~ Fe~r deades. `
Peoles~or RBbest
~WVi~th ~s7 few esoap~ `
tia~s our ~e~ral bwpi- ~P~' ~a'
pq~~ Cbaacsllor of the Ud-
4ospitals reiv~e to ad- ~sdty of' tLe Wit-
mit these patients. Mater~raad and form~r
"3[ost 'spedal~ed' ~~lsmaa �of the M~di-
treatmeat centres wfll
aompletel~ treat t6e al- a~ ~~f~
ooho!-dependaat, but ~lY d~s - P~~
are unable, unwtili~ or ~~~ni d~.
actually scared to treat ~~Y - conld be re-
~ ~~p~,~� spondble for the ~roMr-
ia/ popuburity' ot homc-
. CSO: 5300/5735 �p'~'�
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FRANCE
NEW HEROII~ VARIETY, 'DUMPING,' NEW PARIS MARKET REPORTED
NC080952 Paris AFP in Euglish 0822 GMT 8 May 82
[Text] Paris, 8 May (AFP)--Street prices for heroin have slumped by half in
parts of Paris and French police suspect an organisation of south east Asian
~ refugees of "dumping" huge quantities of the drug from the "golden triangle" ~
to seize control of the French market.
Yolice said drug pushers from south east Asia have been found offering the �
gram of heroin at less than 600 francs (about 100 dollars) while the usual rat~
is between 800 and 1,000 francs. ~
Also, a new variety of heroin, slightly pink in colour and granulated in ~ex-
ture has appeared on the market. Police said the "pink" heroin was seized last
_ week from a group of Laotian and Catnt~odian refugees. The variety was first
- heard of last year in Valaysia but had never before been found in France.
Police said the drug was still being analysed but it appeared to be made up
of 90 percent p~:re heroin similar to the "snow" once produced by the so-called
"French connection" network in Marseilles, southern France, and later in
Sicily.
Since the beginning of this year a new heroin market has grown up 3~n a south
~ eastern district of Paris where an estimated 15,000 refugees from C~mbodia,
Vietnam and Laos ahve been resettled. ~
,
Until recently the sale of heroin was concentrated in the immigrant neighbour- .
hood of north east Paris where most of the traffic is controlled by ~porth
Africans.
~ For the first time, police said there was proof that Asian traffickers were
no longer confining themselves to smuggling the opiwn production of the so-
called "golden triangle"--the world's biggest opium growing area at the
junction of the Burmese, Thai and Laotian borders. ~
French police said they could not say with certainty whether heroin from the
- golden triangle was flooding the French markets and causing prices to fall.
But whereas heroin from Thailand was formerly only found in small qua.ntities
, generally smuggled in by European tourists, they said Paris had now become a
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,
regular staging post for "suitcase" amugglers from Singapore and flcng Rong
- transiting through Amsterdam or Lisboa.
Those who came through Lisbon were generally Asians from the Partuguese
colony of Macao, police said.
However, France did not appear to have been affected bq the arrival in Europe
of huge quantities of Pakistani heroin destined mainly for Britain, French
police said.
In Paris, the last ma~or police swoop involving south east Asian heroin was
on Christmas Eve when police seized 10 kilograms (22 lbs) of the drug and
arrested 9 Hong Kong Chinese.
Medical experts here confirm that the number of drug addicts increased last
year by 6.46 percent. They said addicts in the French capital apparently had
no problem procuring their "fix."
With the fall in the price of heroin, experts feared that the number of addicts
would increase further. Heroin already accounts for 35 percent of the 12,000
- drug arrests last year. The year before they accounted for only 16 percent.
With prospects of an abundant opiwn harvest in the south east Asian poppy
fields police have been preparing for the past 6 months for an upsurge in
drug trafficking. Efforts are being made to train "special squads" of police-
men of south east Asian origin to "infiltrate" the networks. But a police
officer said that most of the men could no longer speak their mother tongue.
CSO: 5300/2286
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GBEECE
?
TRAFFICKERS IN INDIAN HASH.ISH ARRESTED IN ATEIE~TS
Athens TA NEA in Greelc 12 Apr 82 p 7 _
[Text] A five-member gang of narcotics tra~fickers had "connected" Sepolia
with Bombay! ~'he gang was bueted by Athens Suburbs' Security and two-and-one-
half kilos of hashish were seized. There may Fiave been opium in the hashish
since the hashish was very potent.
The gang's busting begaa with informatioa obtained by the director of Athens
Suburbs' Security, E. Vasilakis, and the chief of the Service for Prosecution
of Public Crime, G. Kartsonakis. According to the information, large quanti-
ties of baked hashish from India were circulating on all the narcbtics ~'mar-
kets" (Kypseli, Pangrati, Plaka, Peristeri, Sepolia, Liosia, Agia Varvara,
Aigaleo, Glyfada, Kalamaki, Exarklbeia, etc.), as well as in provincial towas.
According to the same information, the hashiah was brought from Bombay by a
gang which used suitcases with false bottoms to carry it!
The gang began to be dismantled last Friday, 9 April. Athens Suburbs` Securi-
ty police arrested: Ioannis Georg. Kyriakou, 30, unemployed; Ronstand~nos Sp.
Athanas~.ou or Athanasopoulos, 25, street vendor; Nikolaos Dion. Theodoritsis,
26, sailor; Georgios Kon. Belioulias, 29, taui driver; and Evangelos Rhr.
Koumbardas, 30, unemployed.
E. Koumbardas, known~as "Tzifis," is said to be the leader of the gang. At
his house (9 Fories, Sepolia) in a special hiding place, two-and-one-half
kilos of the finest quality hashish (called "Rashmir") were found. This was
the remainder of a quantity of hashish which he is accused of bringing into
the country about one month ago from Bombay.in a suitcase with a false bottom.
In addition, a checkbook with depoaits totallii~g 800,000 drachmas was found
in his house and confiscated. It was seized because~it is believed that this
money comes from narcotics trafficking.
"Tzifis" is an internatianal narcotics trafficker; in 1978 he was arrested
at the airport in Beirut with four kilos of "Boubari" hashish. He has made
trips to Bombay where he bought hashish frotn Indian narcotics dealers.
Athens Suburbs~ Security has notified Interpol.
As the Gendarmery announced, oa each of his trips, Evang. Koumbardas brought,
in addition to the hashish, quantities of opium and heroin allegedly for his
- own use.
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His cousin, Georgios Belioulias, is repoxted to be Koum~ardas~ direct collabo-
rator; he traveled around in Belioulias~ taxi to sell tfie bashish. G. Beliou-
lias is accused of using the otfier arrested persons to sell the hashish in the
"markete" in Atheas and the suburbs. Quantities of hashisFi in special packag-
ing for selling were found in tfie posaession of G. Belioulias and the others.
Athens Suburbs' Security is continuing iavestigations to find out in which
Greek cities the gang sold hashish, aad also to identify the connections which
_ it had with narcotics traffickers abroad, and it will notify Interpol.
~ 9247
CSO: 5300/5393
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GREECE
FRG POLICE OFFER TRAIHED DOGS
Athens TA NEA in Greek 1 APr 82 P 1
[Text] 1~o to three dogs s~ecisy.ly traisue.d to ~ind aarcotics are beiag of~er-
~ ed, on a trial baeis, by the. Ger~aan police to the Greek service.s ~or pursuit
~ of narcotics. The dogs wi11 be accompanied by a German policemaa and will be
installed temporarily at the L~nos Gardens, wbich is one of the entry "gates"
for narcotics into Greece.
This proposal was made by two seaior German officers who have beea in Athens
since 30 March, as TA NEA excl,us3.veJ.y' reported. The Germans, who direct the
largest services ~or puxsuit o~ public cxime and narcotics ia their country,
had a second meetiag witii tiieir Greek colleagues on ~t March.
The Germans, with the authoxi~ation of their aervices, said that the German
police are eager both to coqperate more c~osely aad to equip the correspon-
ding Greek police services with trained elogs and special machines to find
narcotics, such as machinea ~'or ~teleplwtograpfiy, for photographing and trans-
mitting fingerprints, etc. The Ge~man police tflink it is especially important
to completely equip the. Greek police and to give of~icers the best trainis~g in
pursuit o~ narcotics, since our couatry is a crossroads for the movement of
large quantities of narcotics ~rom Turkey and Middle Eastern countries to
~centra], Europe. .
9247 ~
CSO: 5300/'S393
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NETHERLANDS
JUSTICE MIDTISTER REJECTS AIGHER SENTENCES FOR DEAI,ERS
Rotterdam NRC HANDELSBLAD in Dutch 23 Mar 82 p 2
[Text] The Aague, 23 March--Minister De Ruiter (justice) is
- of the opinion that higher penalties for heroin dealing do
not offer any solution to the question of combatting
addiction. "The legal maximum penalties offer sufficient
, opportunities," De Ruiter told the Second Chamber qesterday.
But the minister is trying to station policemen in Pakistan and Turkey. On
1 April this year, a policeman is to be stationed on Curacao, after detective
operations have already begun in Peru, Thailand and Malaysia.
Mi.nister Gardeniers (public health) made it known during the discussion of
rendering assistance to drug addicts that family doctors could play a bigger
role in assisting addicts. Thus she took exception 'to the Staatstoezicht's ~
[National Oversight Board] so-called methadone letter to the Ministry of
Public Health in which the three chief iaspectors made stiff demands on public
health with respect to the actions of family doctors. Aelp should only be
given in cooperation with other~aid workers, and methadone should only be .
able to be prescribed in a liquid form.
Minister Gardeniers said yesterday that the letter "was absolutely necessary"
last year, because otherwise the case would have gotten out of hand." She
reported that the appearance of inethadone on the black market had a close
relationship with "family doctors' overestimates" of what they could do to
. help with the problem.
In the special committee meeting held.yesterday, Minister Gardeniers announced
thzt the Amsterdam family doctors~ association, along with the national
government and the municipality, were taking a look at just which addicts '
could be treated by the family doctor. Gardeniers said that perhaps that
could be done all over the country.
All of the Chamber Delegations th�at were involved in the discussions: CDA
[Christian Democratic Appeal], PvdA [Labor Party], D'66 [Democrats of 1966],
WD [People's Party for Freedom and Democracy], PSP [Political Part; of the
Radicals], SGP [Political Reformed Party], GPV [Reformed Political. Union]
"and RFP [RFP: 'Reformed Politieal Fi;.yderation] passed a resolution urging
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further scientific research because as yet little is kaowa about addiction.
Another motion supported by all delegations calls for the government to take
the initiative to cooperata with the municipalities iu studying what
difficulties gre to be overcome in proj ects for the social recovery of
addicts and former addicts.
6940
CSO: 5300/2265
;
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' NETHERI~l1NDS
POLICE, DFALERS DISCIISS DRIIG SCBNB, ENFORC~'T
Amsterda~ VRIJ NEDERLAND in Dutch 27 Mar 82 pp 3, 8
[The last of a series of sia artic~es in VBIJ NSDffitI.ATdD by Piet Piryns and
Kees Schaepmau on "Addiction in the Netherlands," the names of the dealers
have been changed in this article.] ~
jText] Big money is earned in heroin dealing. Dealers
are eager to take on the image of a sort of Hobin Sood (they
claim they would give you the ehirt off their backs) but an
annual income of 700,000 guildere clear is ao exception.
And Che chance of capture? That is aot too bad. From time
to time, amall dealers axe arrested, but the real big shots,
the so-called kilo men, acarcely run any risk. You have to be
. crazy if qou go out and rob a jeweler any more, they say at
narcotics brigade, for in-fighting drug dealiag, the law
(and the aecret servicee, and ex~rem~e rightwing orgaaiza-
. tions) get in your way.
Chief Inspector H. A. Janaen of the aarcotiCs brigade says resignedlq, "If
you ring the doorbell and saq, 'Rotterdam Muaicipal Police,' you hear Che
toilets flushing. Therefore, the thin~g to do ie to bresk dowa the door and
get in imme~iately with everythiag. That is how bad it is."
Commissioner J. A. Blaauw of the central intelligence unit agreea with him:
"As a rule, th~n you still ~fiad the atuff all over the floor. The pawders,
the gram acales; sametimes pistols, the money. It is a well-kaawa picture,
~ eversthing is in the trash can or ia the garden. Naturallq, it doea not belong
to anyone." . "
Chief Inspector Jansen: "It takes time to build a case against diug deal3ng.
You cannot aimply break in same~where.10
Blaauw and Jansen are getting tired of the too~well-knawa accusation, which
was made once again by the prominent statesman W. Drees, Sr., at the beginning
of this year in the HOLLANIDS'MAANDBLAD: "We read from time to ~ime that a big
package of drugs has been seized, so some effort hss been made. Hc~wever,
drugs always become availab2e on the market again and you hear little about
anything being done against the dealers. They must aot be hard beings to find.
The addicts always know how to find them. Why not the police?"
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The problem is that the police do knar ha~r to fiad the dealers, but frequently
cannot prove anytbing about them.
Commiesioner Blaauw: "When I read that the production in the Golden Triangle
this year is 600 tons of opiimm, I face that with fear and trembling. That
will make 60 tons of heroin, enough to poisoa al~ of Europe. And still that
stuff is going to have to find a market."
Jansen: "What we are now seizing is practically exclusively Turkish and
Pakistani. E~erq Turk who comes from the eastern part of Turkey can make
contacts there and bring something in with him. When you look at the traffic
- on the roads--they all go on vacation once a year, same twice--then naturally
it looks like a line of ants going and coming. Only 10 percent of them, or
even 1 percent, among all of the~m, who say: 'I'm going to earn a little on
the side.
Blaauw continues this litany: "Naturally, our borders are hardlq borders any
more. Belgium, we do not even have to talk about that. That is open. The
German border, too, does not mean very much. Aad then the Dutch harbors;
30,000 ships per year. It is looking for a needle in a haystack." Just after
that, he coa.tinues: "People often act as though there were someone, as there
is on the market on Wall Street, who seta the course. That is a fable, the
trade is not in one man's hands. In 1977, we once seized a big package of
- 126 kilograms. That did not have any effect at all on the price. It is
- estimated that we seize 10 percent; that is a high estimate. If you make an
estimate of Rotterdam, there are about 2,000 addicts there, who use an average
of half a gram per day. Then you come out with 365 kilograms per year.
Jansen's yield is 20 to 25 kilograms per year. Natiouwide, the percentage
that is intercepted is even lower."
The Rotterdam narcotics brigade a~bers 20.men. Natio~aide, there are not as
many as 100 policemen directly involved in investigating narcotics, according
to Blaauw's and Jansen's estimates.
Blaauw: "To put it in fire brigade terms, qou are busy keeping the surrounding
properties wet, and the ~est is doomed to burn up. You have to be crazy to
attack a~eweler, while, if you are talking about heroin, you can usually put
the goods in your inside pocket, and then you have a fortune in your pocket."
Those who are caught are primarilq the small dealers; the viaible part of the
drug trade: addicts who sell dope ia order to pay for their own use, and
often a rather luxurious life. Jaasen: "That is true, that we are only
interfering with the small fry. But if qou add up all of those small frq,
then you come up with sales of ~ust say 400 kilograms of heroin per year.
The local Crade, 24 hours a day, that goes on all year long, and you can
exercise a real influence there, much more than on the organizations that
operate from abroad."
Flower Power
Sander is an Amsterdam dealer. Be explains, "Look, every user is a dealer in
principle. Because, I meet people who use, too. If I can make so~mething out
of that, I wi11 not leave it alone."
- . S9~ .
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And he tells the story of his life.
The f irst time he used was during the time of flater power and the hippies,
the callousness of tbe ecene. And then, in the earlq 1970's, the beginning of
his career as a dealer: "Why do you talce that up? Frequently it is an acci-
dent. Earlier, I had done all of the usual: cars, checics. I had gone down
twice for that, you cannot keep that up for long. I had a few clieats,
Americans, to whom I sold speed once a moath.~I sarned enough by that to live
on. But all at once theq did not come back. Then I began to sell pep to
foreigners. Slawly but surely I expanded. The first years it wae poverty,
but I was reasonably satisfied. When you begin, your contacts are aothiag
special. It takes a while before you get a name, a reputation. People do not
accept you right away; it is importaat that you deliver quality."
. Like other dealers to whom we talk, Sander sketches a picture of himself as a
kind of Robin Hood of the scene. "I do not steal; I do aot take advantage of
anyone. I have weeks Chat I do make somethiag; I live in relative lwcury, but
I treat the people like people and I do not pretend to myself that I am better
than anyone else. I always have to remind myself of that song by Bob Dy1an:
'If you live outside the law, you have to be honest."' ~
He is reticent about his actual earnings. ~
"Profit? Oh, I give so much away. I have to earn 1,500 guilders per week for
my own horse. And for buys, I have to have 2,000 guilders per week." Later
in the talk, Sander says ha sells about 15 grams of speed a day for 75 guilders
per gram. ( That is expensive, but I do not cut it, I only deliver quality.")
That is a turnover of 1,125 guilders per day. That is really a modeat amount
in that milieu. That is because Sander does not sell any heroin. In that
line, you earn more, but the risks are higher there. A sma11 hero~n dealer we
spoke to is less reticent about his turnover and profit.
"I sell a good 50 grams per day. That is a turaover of about 10,000 guilders,
then, but a disturbingly large part of that goes back out. If the dealer
takes a shot, then he puts out a little for everyone. I am satisfied if I get
to keep a quarter of that 10,000 as profit." That, then, is an annual income
of 750,000 guilders clear, including 2 months' vacation and 5 days off.
Why should addicts who do not have enough money for their owa habit have to
run so maay riaks by breaking into sutos and prostituting themselves if the
money is to be had simply by raking it in? Sander provides the explanation:
"Not everyone is cut out for dealing. For example, you f irst and foremost
have to be capable of keeping money aside for your buys. That is something
99 out of 100 addicts cannot do. As a dealer, you have to have a certain
mentality, you are a sort of gardener." And he reveals the golden rules he
has established for himself: "You cannot be too obvious, you cannot be singled
out as a crook: no flashy clothes, no gold rings with ~ewels. And besides
that, you must not create a circle of paraeites around you, people who say
you are really too much. Look, the temptation is there. The dealer is God.
People who have a bag of stuff haady caa do almost anything they wan~, because
people who need the stuff will do ~ust anythiag for it if aeed be. Besides
that I do not deal at home. Normal people are ~visited perhaps three times ~
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day; a dealer is visited 20 times. That etands out; that is too much; you
will get loc&ed up for that for aure. The neighbors do not like that.
Special circumstances, foreiga deals, I do not go in for them. You have to
be able to be satisfied. I have seen them, those dealers who had to have
- everything. Now they are locked up. I learned from them; that way I can
avoid 90 percent of the danger. There will always be aa element of chance.
Simply bad luck. That is a 10-percent chaace. It is a kind of game of chess,
I always try to be o'ne, sometimes two moves ahead. I keep asking mqself why
people get loclced up. Usually it is greed. You have these small heroin
dealers who sell for somebody else: that is a frightful picture, the meta-
morphosis from bootlickers to macho men. Really, there are very fe~w people
who can keep on doing that work, they always mess it.up themselves. I have
been doing it for 6 years now and I have worked my way up in that time so
that no~w I get my dope practically first hand. For there is always a problem:
how many people are there in between, and haw much do they cut?
Super Deluxe
The connection, that is vitally important to th~ dealer. Sander: "you never
turn them in, that is cutting your own throat. Your connection, that deter-
mines whether you get dope, and what kind of dope your get."
Robert, a middle-sized heroin dealer, confirms Sander's story: "It took me ~
quite a while before I made contact with serious Turks. ZYaice I have gotten
a kilogram directly fram Turkey. That was super deluxe, then I could ~ust see
how much is stolen by the middlemen. That dope from Turkey was reallq 80
percent pure, while what we get here may be 50 percent. Every possible thing
is mixed with it: Manitol, a baby laxative. Normally you car~not get that in
big quantities, so a trade has growa up in it. There ia a shop in Amsterdam
where you can get a kilogram of it for 800 guilders. I am glad that naw I
have a good direct contact, because if you sell garbage, they come looking
for you for it."
Robert gives some insight into the price structure in the drug sector: "If I
go to a Turk, I pay, let us say, 60,000 guilders for a kilogram of heroin; for
100 grams you pay 9,000 guilders and for 10 grams 1,500 guilders." A user who
buys by the gram pays 200 guilders.
The more a gram seller can buy at a time, the higher his profits, then. When
- buying by the kilogram (which is quite an zxception for a small dealer) the
profit would be 140,000 guilders. In�the�event of buying 100 grams (purchase
price 9,000 guilders, sales 20,000 guilders) the profit is 11,000 guilders.
Robert: "The closer you are to the source, the less risk you run. If I buy
100 grams from someone, then that persoa only has to deal with one person,
with me. But if I se11 in packs of one gram, then I have to deal with 100
people. Besides that, a 3unkie who betrays me can pick right up with the
next guy to buy a small bag, but if you buy by the pound and you betray some
one, then you will never get in again. Then you are out of your source of
income."
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There are an estimated 20,000 heroin addicts ia the NeCherlanda. It is
generally asaumed that aa addict uaes an average of half a gram per day, and
that is a very conservative estimate. If t~e accept thoae figures and those
quantities, 10 lcilograms of heroin are used per day in the Netherlanda.
Annuallq that is 3,650 kilograms.
Once again: that is an extremely conservative estimate.
In the long run, nearly all heroin is sold by the gram: mo~t ~uakies are not
- able to buq it wholesale. That briags the total annual turnover in the
`Netherlands to 730 million guilders. At the kilogram price, that saane quantity
of heroin represente not quite 220 million guilders. That means that the
middlemen earn more than 500 guilders per yeas.
By comparison, Lucas Bols has anaual sales of 821 million guildere, but in
that branch the profit margins are certainly appreciably amaller.
Cammissioner Blaauw becomes a little diacouraged by that. "When you see haw
much money changes hands in Rotterdam alone for heroin, that comes down to
nearly a quarter of the whole police budget. You can figure out what you are
up against. Or, as the professor says, te~mporary displacement of capital.`:
Blaauw says, in a way that shows that he has already said it several times
1^efore: "It is like mopping with the spigot open."
Chief Inspector Jansen: "And then we cannot evea pay overtime, because of the
= retrenchment. I am aot saying that we will be corrupt tomorrow, but a detec-
~ tive who 3uet steps inside somewhere aad finds 200,000 guilders in cash, or
who catches a bi~, fat 60,000 guilder Mercedes...aot one time, but every time
you go after a syndicate. Then you are in moaey up to your ears. That is not
~ust in drugs, but in gambling, too, as well as in the caae of the big pimps.
Ttiere you open a suitcase and the moaey falls out. Then I thiak it is asking
a little too much to say: You muet cambat these problems, but do not ask us
for any money ta do it with." ~ �
Co~issioner Blaauw curbs his chief inapector a little: "When we saq 're-
trenchment,' our incomes have to decline; I do not want to make the impression
that the danger of corruption is increased by that at all; that is primarily
- a question of inentality. After all, our salary ha~ never been comparable with
what goes on in the criminal world. But tihings really are different from what
they were 25 years ago. Then, Coo, as a police~man you had an outstandingly
poor salarq, but then there was no queativn of hundreds of thousands of
guilders. It once happened that when I was a young policeman, ia South
Rotterdam we caught a guy for stealing somne copper. Qn the way to the station,
that man said to us: 'If you let me go, thexe are 25 guilders in it for the
two of you.' Just ~oking, then, we said: 'ThaC would have to be at least ~
100,000 guilders.' I would never dare to say that any more, for I am afraid
that the next day the internal affaira uuit [Ri~ksrecherche] would come to
the door and say: 'You asked for 100,000 guild~rs!"'
~
Jansen: "Let me put it this way: you became vulnerable."
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jQuestion] Do ~he narcotics fighters uever feel that they are beat poi3cemen
on service bicycles c~ho are chasing bankrobbera in a Porsche?
Commissioner Blaauw: "Certainly, but I am convinced that in the city you get
through faster on a bicycle than in a Porsche. ~ut seriously now, it is not
simple. We work on two fronts: on the level of the local dealers, but also
on the level of the kilo men, the intern~tioaal events. Rotterdam undoubtedly
functions as a distribution center, among other things, it is a transshipment
' port for Washington.
- On the local level, you can exert a direct influence, much more than on the
organizations tha*_ operate from abroad. We try to make the retail trade as
diffi cult as possible: a policy of diecouragement. Closing the cafes where
heroin is traded, that hurts. I often compare it to a sweet potato staad.
If you have a sweet potato stand next to a 3unior high school, then you can be
sure that 80 percent of the children wi11 be eating sweet potatoes. If you
move it three kilometers further up, then you only have the ones who really
_ like them. You have to suppress the availsbility of the ~unk. Then let
those who really need it hunt all over the city to find something, but not to
be approached themsalves here on the Kruiskade by people offering, 'Buy smak?"'
And the wholesalers, the kilo men? Blaauw has outspoken ideas about them. He
rejects infiltration of trade routes: In order to iafiltrate, you have to
take on the color of the environment. You cannot do that without breaking
the law, and then you are an imttation criminal. In Belgium, they say: 'You
- cannot play the whore and rem.ain a virgin."' Neither does Blaauw expect much
good to come from the Netherlands penal system: "When it finally comes to-a
verdict, and they are sentenced to 6 or 7 years, you can still aek yourself
how much of that will remain." Blaauw asks for increasing the maximum penalty
for dealing from 12 years to life, but even more, he would like to see the
dealers attacked financially. "You must make it absolutely unattractive even
to sell one gram of heroin. A guy who does 1 to 3 years in the ~ug aad thinks,
'When I get out, at least I have a few hundred thousand guilders laid away,'
that is what you have to prevent. Make it unattractive, then. On the one
hand, by making Che chance of arrest, and on the other by cleaning out the
- people you arrest so frightfully that Che next day they have to run around
passing the hat."
The commissioner would like to see a reverse bu*den of proof in cases of demon-
strable dealing in drugs: that is, that the criminal himself would have to
- prove that he had earned his possessions legally. Blaauw: 'When you catch a
guy with a few kilograms of heroina and late~c at his home you find a few
hundred thousand guilders, then I say that he earaed that money through the
drug trade. And if you roll up an organization and you have evidence against
the top man, then he would have to prove the same thing, even if he did not
have even one gram of heroin in his pocke~. Quite a few people raise their
eyebrows when I announce this positiot.; but I would like to point out that
taxes do 3ust this. Al Capone wa~ finally pulled in because of taxes."
Finally, Commissioner Blaauw wou:Ld Iike to see the principle of universality
incorporated into the law, too: "If a Belgian in Belgium sets up a heroin
deal for the Ne~herlands, the Dutch authorities cannot do anything to hiin,
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even when he is in our country. On the basis of the universality principle,
it would have to become poasible for a West ~erman who set up a deal in Turkey
for smuggling drugs into France to be proaecuted in the Netherlanda if he came
into the country. Naar we cannot do anytI~ing ta a Turkish dealer who comes
into the country to reconnoiter'the market."
Gerard, a Rotrerdam dealer: "All those police, all those jails, really: that
must cost millions. What I do not underatand is why they do not make it all
legal. Free handouts. The peopl.e are glad to see me as a dealer, that is
not what I am talking about. Let me put it this wap: I find it to be a fine
line of work, but then again, I have to deal in order to pay for my own habit.
I smoke heroin, and that way you use a lot, about 1,000 guildere' worth a day.
If I did not have to pay f.or that, I would rather work in a cafe, I have
papers for that. My awn cafe, why, I could earn my keep very well on that.
And possibly in the gambling world, I can always make a little money there."
COPYRIGHT: 1982 VN/BV Weekbladpers
6940
CSO: 5300/2263
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ZA~TITED KINGDOM
~ BRIEFS
~ HEROIN SMUGGLED IN BATS�-London, 4 May (AFP)~--Four lcilos of heroin were
seized by customs and excise officera at a warehouse in East Londoa, police ~
announced here today. The druga were fouad hidden inside a consignment of
cricket bats from Pakistan. Seven people were tonight helping police with
inquit~:~.t,s. [Text] [NC042229 Paris AFP in English 2139 GMT 4 May 82]
CSO: 5300/5732 END ~
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