JPRS ID: 10505 WORLDWIDE REPORT LAW OF THE SEA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060018-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 74
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 18
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10505
10 May 1982
Worlalwide Re ort
p
NARCOTICS ANQ DANGERQUS DRUGS
(FOUO 21/82)
~ FB~$ FCJREIGN BROADCAST 1NFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
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tJnfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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; WORLDWIDE REPORT ~
; NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
GFOUO 21/s2~
CONTENTS
. Asza
AUS TRALIA
' Government Weighs Giving Police Access to Tax Fi1es
~ (Ted Knez; ~IE AUSTRALIAN, 9 Mar 82) 1
Drugs Commission Hears Testimony on Passport Falsification
' (Aileen Berry; ~iE AGE, 11 Mar 82) 3
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' B rie fs
i Drug Law Re fo rm 4
Raid on Drug Lab 4 .
IND(lNESIA
, Malaysian National Arrested for Smuggling Morphine
' (KO~~AS, 17 Mar 82) 5
~ Briefs ~
~ North Sumatra Drug Sm~ggling 6
9hips Seized ' 6
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~ ~ P,AKIS TAN
( DrLb Sellers Banished Fro~ Lyari .
! (Siddiq Baluch; DAWN, 23 Apr 82) 7
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B ric? �-s
~ 'Empty' Suitcases Heroin Recovery 8
~ NWFP Governor in Washington 8
~ Heroin Recovered: Briton Held . 9
~ Gharas Seized in Peshawar 9
~ . Charas Seized (95 Kilos) 9
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- LATIN AMERICA
BOLIVIA
Briefs
Antinarcotics Qperations 10
~ Traffickers Arrested 10
Inves tigative Repor*.::..- r Warned 11
BRAZIL
- Government Prepares National Campaign Aga.inst Drug IIse
(0 GLOBO, 28 Mar 82) 12
FUNAI, Police Seek To Prevent Trafficking on Indian ~
- Reservation~
(0 GLJBO, 28 Mar 82) 14
Band Trafficking in Cocaine, Hashish, Marihuana Arrested
~ (0 GLOBO, 3 Apr 82) 16
Briefs -
Major Traffickers Listed 19
,larihuana Productioii Down 19
Major Cocaine Trafficker Arrested 20
Rio Drug Addiction Figvres 20
Plant for Cocaine Production Seized 21
COI ~OMB IA
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� Customs Officials L`ismissed Over Drug Shipment
(Gus tavo Ramirez; EL TIEMPO, 19 Ma.r 82) 22
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Briefs
CuShe Forest Marihuana 24
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
,
KENYA
Briton I,oses Drug Case Appeal
(DAILY NATION, 6 Apr 82) 25
SENEGAMBIA
Briefs
Senegales~ Diplomat Smuggles Hashish 27
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~ SOUTH AFRICA ~
- Kwazulu's Mwl.timillion Rand Dagga Industry Explored
;.,-~;Reg R~ney; FR(JNTLINE, Mar-Apr 82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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UPPER VOLTA
'L'OBSERVATEUR' Views Police Actions To Control Drug Trade
- (L'OBSERVATEUR, various dates) 30
_ - Gattnabis Trade Uncovered, by Frank S. Vierax
More Arrests Made, by Vierax F. Sanou
Police Vigilance
WEST EUROPE
DENMARK
Police Crack Ibwn on 'Chicago-Style' Copenhagen Drugs Gangs
(Bent Bak Andersen; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 14 Apr 82)......... 34
Police Official i7lscusses Drug Smuggling, Arrest Patterns
- (Bent Bak Andersen; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 11 opr 82)......... 36
Briefs
Finn Sold Hashish, Senten~ed ~ 38
- ~ Narcotics Police to Peru 38.
FINL'AND
Finnish Paper Reports on Drug-Smuggling Into Nor@ic Area
(Stefan Limdberg; HL'FWDSTADSBLADET, 29 Mar 82)............ 39
Police Studying Rapid Increase of Drugs in North
(HUFV(JDSTAD6BLADET, 19 Mar 82) 43
NORWAY
Police Clearing Up Country's B~.ggest Amphetamine Case
(Helge Amotsbakken; DAGBLADET, 26 Ma.r 82) . . . . 0 45
Investigation Reveals Widespread Drug Use on Oil Platforms
~(Tihorl.eif Andreassen; AE7.ZZNPOSTEN, 3 Apr 82) ~ 48
Researcher Refutes Police Official's Viewing of Drug World
�(Pal T. Jorgensen; 11AGSLADET, 31 Mar 82) 50
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SWEDEN
Po lice Narcotics Investigation Methods Debated
(Mats Gezelius; 7 DAGAR, 3 Mar 82) 52
Loopholes in Drug Law Bring Release of Accused Smugglers
(Eva Ekselivs; DAGENS NYHE7~R, 27 Mar 82) 57
Regulations for Telephone Tarping by Police Described
(Claes r,ofgren; 7 DAGAR, 3 Mar 82) 59
Article Traces Illepal Drugs Flow, Describes Trafficking
(Eva Ekselius; DAGENS NYHETER, 15 Apr 82) 61
; Crimes Ir.volving Hard Drugs Increasing Prison Violence .
(Eva Eksel~tus; 1lAGENS NYHETER, 15 Apr 82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Briefs
Dutch Amphetamine Smuggler Sentenced 68
Gang Smuggled Raw Opium 68
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GOVERNMENT WEIGHS'~GIVING P6LICE ACCESS TO TAX FILES
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' Canberra THE AUSTRAL7AN in English 9 Mar 82 p~l
~Article by Ted Knez~
[ Text l 7~HL Governmeat is to cons~der giving tbe Federal Police access 'I
io the personal tax recorcls of drug dealers and people suspected oi !
~ criminal aclivitics.
The move is 5trongly recommended in a Cabinet submission which wi11
Ue discussed soon by senior min(sters. But the C3overnment faces a
' cliiemma over ' granting similar powers to tl~e royal coramissioner ~
investigating Lhe Painters and Doclcers Union, Mr Frank Costfgan�QC,
; ~vlio has. called on' the Government to lift the traditional secrecy
~ provision's of Lhe tax laws. ~
Mr Costigan claimed he had uncovered evidence of tax evasion rackets
and frauds on the waterfront involvi~g i~undreds of millions of dollars.
' The Lcadcr of the Oppositlon, Mr Hayden', increased the pressure by
I agreeing that 11Qr Costigaa shoWd be glven acceas to tax records as part
j of his investtgation.
And the Labor Party apokesman on legal matters, $enator C#areth
! Evaa~s, said C~ucus accepted tbat ac~eac was desirable in the context ot
; serious driig crlmes or flagrant tax evasion of the kind uncovered by the
royal commission into the Painters and Dockers Union. ,
But hc said powers shonld be limi6ed to cases where'there was already
su6stantial eyidence of a crime snd a Judicial warrant had been issue~i.
' "It cunnot ~ust be an open-~nded ~ Senfor ~overnment officlals c:onfir-
~ power to go and look for som~thit~g, ~ med yeaterday that the question ot ~
' which inight turn up," BenaLor Evans yvldetlW~~�~olice ~o+vere, ~oVer.-tsx re-
; said: ~rd~ would aobn ~bp `deslt wlth by
: The secretary of the Australian ~ C~bu~@~;
Tuxpayers Association, Mr ErIC R,ia- There was' ~autfous ' optimlem in .
strqm, last nighrt objected to openiri~. ~ aome circlea yeater~ay'shat Cabinet
' up tsz recor
ds to t h~ F
e f
ler
a l F!o
lice. wouid ag' ree to, the powera un der
~ ~~I tHi~~k tliere would be a bi~ public strtcw controls recommended in Janu-
reaction'against itr� he said. '~I um ary Y980 by, the .WUliama royal com-
� certainly not Opposed to a royal com- ~~ioa into the QruQ trade.
~ � missioner having access to tax re- Under Mr Juattca Williams' prop-
corcls; tiut that' is far rcmoved irom oaala: '
~ , giving tliose powers "to a department ~~e Taxatton O[fice ~would have a'
i like a poiice force. t ~de facto ~ poiice Surveillance ro1e,
A spokesman for the NSW Prlvacy providing unsolicited information as
; CommitEe~ said bianket access W tax~ well as han~ing over ta~t recorda in
~ records by Federal Po"lice Would place ~ompltance vyith f udlblal orders. �
~ in jEOpardy the confidentiality ':)f .a Appllcations by the Federal Police
- I vast number of people's recon'ca ior to view such record~ would be suppor-
the aake of a few. ted by aworn materlsl ahowing how
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~ne informatlon would help to ident- ment will extend the powers to Mr
fty and apprehend drug dealera. CoatlQan is expected in the next Lwo
~ The pollcx would be required to re-
port trielr ilndinga to the ~udge tWY~o geNor government officiala said one
iaaued an order to examine tax
recorda. propoaat wae E1~at Mr Costigan mlght .
Spokeslnen tor Ll~e Federal Poitce, be 81ven the rfght to examine tax re-
who have atron~ly supgorted adop- cords for the term of the royal com- :
tion oi the~ Willlams propoaals. were miaelon. which 1s du~ to report by the '
retuctat~t to coniment last nlght on end oi the year. '
the renewed preaaure to glve them ac- ~ But orie official ~ssid: "Th~e would ~
cess to tsx records, for fear o[ damag- prob~bly be leas obJectlon fi gi.ing .
ing their case. � these twwera Lo the Federst Polfce:'
The Miniater far Adminlstrativ~ Mr Coati~an'a csll for the 1lfting of
Servlcea. Mr Newmsn, is a atrong aup- eecrecy provlsiona ~parked a row wlth
~ porter of police , powera over, tax the Commiaaioner'for Taxation.
recorde. . � � ~ " The xoyal commisaioner $lsimed
When iaauing the Federal polfce � Lhat tax otticfata failed to sttend
wlth ndw.gufdellnes l~ite~lsdt.year. he heari?igs because they fesrcd ior
said the�.powera had s very hiQh pslor- their livea. � ~
ity. He slao s~id LUe T~x~tion Otficc raa
Sut they have travelled a rocky road ~ B~ati ~eal of intormation wh ,c~n
to Federal Cabinet. wlth atranq obJec- could aasiet the roysl commiaaion 1n
Wona by aome 8tates a~~d tax ofticlals. ~ uncovering criminal dealinaa and tax
A a{~ecial lederat-Btatea committee evaaion.' .
l~as been examining the Willlama' rc- Mr Coatigan iiisiated that ~he In-
commendatfona and aeektng aoluttons come Tax Aet had to be amended bo
to an impasae Isat year over the maln "enhance the investigative capabll-
propossla. itiea" of the commiaalon.
� The a:a6ca nnd tsx 'ofticlnla werc ~e chstrmael o!'the Law Retorm
clearly u~;happy wlth the idea of O~n~niaeion. Mr Juatice K1rby. aaid
- breaching thc atrtct conHdedce on tax ~uat con d e ftecta on pubUc
r~evea
re.corda. even itt crfin;:~al canes.
A decision or~ whether thc Govcrn-. '~~ue and personal prlvacy.
CSO: .5300/7544
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DRUGS CONIl~IISSION HFARS TESTIMONY ON PASSPORT FALSIFICA~ION
Melbourne THE AGE in English 11 Mar 82 p 5 . ~
~Artxcle by Aileen Berry~ ~
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~ T ex t~ ~mmon household itemS StICh to continue meking frequent trips $ pracess af heat }aminatiflg ttrne
as needles, scissors. nail, pollsh lnto ttye world's drug centres pessport holder's ~photograph and
remover and a steam i oould without attracting undue atten- ~gnature was not entfrety fool-
be used to falsif3r pas~ In :~0~ proof, Mr Just(ce Stewnrt was
Y~,i�~s that coul ' t~e 'feBdlly ~spector Westwood totd the told.
detected, the al � Commis- COlDmission thae although the Sergea~nt Evans said he had
~ sion on drug ckin~ heard ~nual&dexte~rlty the%i~ere eiven ~~~~yk~oindpth~e photogcaph
ye.sterdAy. � slmpler methods ot gett{ng at the and li~t ik complete With lamlria-
Two Federal poltcemen show� stitchinQ without damag~n~ the ~on. from the page. With some
ed the Royat Commissioner, Mr gold . embossecl, vlnyl cover. By typ~ ~;~{nation the phota
Justice S'tewart, a series ot sUdes swabbing~ the inside of the cover graph cauld be pee1ed oft and
~ ot tne simplest methods they had with neil polish remover, the gl~ue ~en a new pFiotograph was
found to alter pages. photogra s holding the cover to the backing y~~k on the pe8e t~e same lami-
~ and signatures in A~~s ian Would be loosened to such an ex- n~e co~uld be replaced on top.
~ passports. 'tedt that the cover could be ~e only part of the pnssport
; Detective Acting Inspector Padl peeled back to reveal the stitched }~d provcd di6icult ta aker
Westwood. ~he head of the police apine. was the typewrlting uEed to re-
' document examinatlon bureau, The least complicated mtthod ~rd the assport holder's ~par-
end acting Senioc Sergesnt Ian oi ~ll involved the use of a"shot ~;~,~s, ~en the. wrlNng was
Evans, who is attached to the ot steam"' iron., He aaid that by tr~ted with solvent, Inspector
i bureaa, said thae they had deli- holding the iron a couple of cen- Westwood said, ~the red image
~erately chosen to demonstrate tlmetres above thg passport cover removed but a strong bladc
the use~ of common household pro- they liad been abte to steam the ca~on 9maRe nmaMed. Attempts
ducts and the least sophisticated cover ~ff wlth no adverse ef~ect to distuib the paper , fibres .atld
techniques to attack ttte pass- to any of the pages. then scratch the prlnhng oB had
p�~s' Inspector Wescwood said that not been successful. The men eon-
. Sergeant Lvans, who desciibed
himself as "an extremely poor ~en the page swapping was cluded that this sectIon of the
� sewer", said that after. only two complete, the cover could be held passport was fairly impervious
~or three attempis at snipping tho jn Position and steamed again. to attack.
stitches holding the passport ta He told the commissioner that the Inspector Westwood recom-
� gether, 'removin pages and re- heat trom the steam re-acttvated mended that a standing ~rody: be
placing them wit~ others and then ~?e E1ue so that it was not neces- esta~blished to fllter jnfornlatlon
re�stitchin~ he had produced a sary to use more glue to sdck the from document exem~ners and
false passpnrt Which was not like- cover bsck on to the passport. others t4frough to "pdmary line"
ly, to be detected at customs. I~e ~Eh m$n recommended the re- customs oftlcers. He saYd that at
said that while rhe outer atitches in~roduction of pedorated pass- the moment they were not recetv-
co~eld be cut and removed witti Por~ PaBes� Before the siu of the ;ng tfie benefit at work done to
~ tweezers, tfie pass~orts had a Ilne Pnssport was reduced 1n January detect ibrged or falsifled pass-
; oP "anahor stitching" alonB the 1960. several pages ln tach pass-
. apine which mada them easI~r tn Port were perforated with the O~her recommendation~ irom ,
re�sew. pa~port number. Leter~ the Inspe~ctor Westwood and Sergeant
The commission has heard ti~t Commonwealth Govermnent Prin- ~vans ~n ~vays o[ makin~ pass-
' drug syndicate members are be- ter, Mr Jo'hn Thompson~ told the ~y more secure were g~ven to
lieved to have aitered their pass- royal commission that one of the a con(idential session of the cam-
ports by removing pages which reasons for the dtacontinuatton of m}~sion.
; ~ showed stemps from Asian coun- the parforation was a cost saving The Royal Commtsston .will
; tries and reptacing those pages of 12 cents on every passport. ~nue this mornitrg.
with Mlanks. This enabled them Even the recent fntraluction of .
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CSO: 5300/7544
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- AUSTRALIA
BRIEFS
DRUG LAW REFORM--The NSW Young Liberals yesterday supported a recommendation
that marihuana be made available freely, but their president, Mr Chris
Crawford, said the recommendation did not go far enough. The Yaung Liberals
supported the fu11 legalisation of the manufacture, distribution and supply
_ of the drug, he said. He said he had written to all members of Federal and
- State Parliament from NSW, urging them to support moves to allow the posses-
sir,n and private cultivation of marihuana. The Au~talian Foundation for
Research and Treatment of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence recommended, in a
report released unofficially last week, that pos~essing marihuana or culti-
vating it for one's own use should not be a serious criminal off~ence. Mr
Crawford a~ked MPs to support thaC recommendation as the first step in a .
campaign to lift all restrictions on the use of the drug. The Premier, Mr
Wran, had been hypocritical in rejecting the proposal out of hand, he said,
while the leader of his own party, Mr powrl, had disappointed him by not
supporting it. "TherP is no reliable evidence that marihuana in itself
induces the use of harder drugs, but it is apparent that ther~�are links
between pushers of marihuana and the pedlars of heroin. The latter are
being pres~nted opportunities which result solely from marihuana's illegality,"
Mr Crawford said. ~Teact~ LSydney THE SYJNEY MOItNING HERALD ~Ln Englieh
9Mar82p 3l
RAID ON DRUG IAB--Police say they hav~ found a drug laboratory at Wattle
Glen. Four men in their early 30s were taken for questioning after a raid
on a property in Silvan Road. The raid began about 6030 last night. Police
said the men were connected with an international motorcycle club, One
firearm and part of a machinegun were found in the raid. Police from the
drug squad, the special operations group and the bureau of criminal intelli-
gence were im~olved in the raid. LTe~t] LMelbourne THE AGE in English
11 Ma.r 82 p 3J
Cso: 5300/7544
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INDONESIA
MALAYSIAN NATIONAL ARRESZ~D FOR SMUGGLING MORPHINE
Jakarta KOMPAS in Indonesian 17 Mar 82 p 12
[Text] On MAnday, Region I customs officials thwarted an attempt to smuggle
16 packages strongly believed to contain morphine dust at Medan's Polonia Air-
field. The packages were in the hand luggage of NKC, 37, a passenger on a MAS
flight from Penang, Malaysia to Medan. According to his passport, NKC is a
Malaysian national who lives at Nibong ~ebal no. S King Hong Garden PWS, Penang.
Police Lieutenant Colonel Dzahry Daoed, head of the Police Region II, North
- Sumatra Information Service said NKC and the 16 packa$es had been turned over
to the police . IdKKC is s till in cus tody, and investigation continues .
Responding to a KOMPAS query, Daoed said he could provide no details about the
inves tiga tion . He said only t~at there were some 880 grams of the subs tance
suspec ted to be morphine dus t.
A KOMPAS source at Polonia said the dust included (menthylenedi exyamphetamine)
morphine.
NKC was carrying the packages in his bag. The three customs nfficials who
searched the bag at first found only four garments. But a search of the lining
revealed the packages.
NKC said the morphine dust was owned hy AT, and was turn~d over to hisn at Penang
Airport. An unknown person was to ~eceive the goods in Medan. NKC did not know
hi~s contact, but if he cleared customs, he was to carry the bag under his right
arm as a signal.
NKC said AT had paid him $2000 Malaysian. AT had paid him the money and delivered
the goods to him on 13 March, at Penang Racetrack.
9197
CSO: 5300/8322
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- INDONES IA
BRIEFS ~
NORTH SUMATRA DRUG SMUGGLING--Medan, 22 Apr(ANTARA)---~spite the decline
in the number of drug smuggling cases handled by the police, the North
S wnatra police headquarters believes that a narcotic syndicate tidely
organising drug traff3c still operates in Indonesia. The North Sumatra
police headquarters stated here recently that 81 drug smuggling cases
were uncovered in 19 80, involving 162 people and 660 kg of narcotic,
- as against only 38 cases in 1981, involving 52 people and 238.3 kg of
narcotic. The sending of narcotic by the smugglers has so far been done
not only through air transport, but also sea and land transport.
[Jakarta ANTARA in English 0806 GMT 22 Apr 82 BK]
= SHIPS SEIZED--A Region IV customs team has intercepted three vessels believed
to be used b~ the "White Horse" syndicate for conducting narcotics transactions.
The rhree ships are the km GG; GP and K-VI. Th~ results of the seizure we~e
not revealed. According to information, the "White Horse" syndicate is a
- narcotics network that moves from ship to ship in Tanjung Priok, to deal
narcotics. [Text] [Jakarta HARIAN UMUM in Indonesian 16 Mar 82 p 2] 9197
CSO: 5300/8322
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PAKISTAN
= DRUG SELLE1tS BANISHED FROM LYARI
Karachi DAWN in English 23 Apr 82 p 7
~Article by Siddiq Baluch~
~Text~
The campaign ugalnst nar- s'afe for the~cTicte who started attempts to naG tne actual men
cotics pedlars in Lyarl appears reaching there after the sunset. behind the business. The whole~
io have borne frufts and peace Some of the enterprising ~ ped� ~ampalBn wae, personally � auper~
has been restored in the area. lars had planned a "cycle- lice off1-
For almost three decades, � vSsed by, two young po
people were forceci to_ pass service to 'reach thelr custo- cera. They interroBated the ar-
sleepless nights owing . to hectic mers from abroad, mainly irOm x~ted accwsed and stopped
- tradi in narcoLScs. They re- ~pean countrfes. , their contnct with the outside
~ Some .of them also ofiered world.
peatidly lodged complaints and ~~COnceasions" to studente. pns oi the young oificers
registered their protests through Sepei'ate arrsngement~ WeT6 personally supervlsed the late
the media sgainst the extreme- made for the women addicts- nlght raids. He made recoveries
ly disturbing situatlon having ~~~&n and PakSstani alike. and arrested manY accused per-
serious repercussions on their ~alned "female staft' were � .
- children. ,
Some loca.lities of Lyari were deputed to �satisiy such custo- gensing danger for the first
generally considered 'safe' not mers, time, most of the ped2ars � lett
only for the narcotics pedlars Of late, some women .pedlers the provlnce while some mana-
or the addicts but also for the had also entered into the busi- g~ to go ubroad � to escape
corrupt officials entrusted with ne~ ~~~g huge profits in the their aneat. Others were svm-
Lhe ta5k of eiiminating the trade. They nlso hired boya and moned und asked not to resume
~t~enncc. But these iocalities rp- Birls to supply thelr commodity. iheir neferfous trade.
mained the protected hideouls � Charas and Mandrix Were The Thana Police remained
far the o erators, the addicts the two maln items in ' Breat off the scene during ttie entlre
p demnnd. Chnras � is brought operation against the pedlars:
nnd the concerned agencies. irom the F'ederallq Administra- The force was collected imm
Hundreds oi salesmen were ted' Tribal A=ea. The Mandrix another , police statlons and
irequcntly scea cecupying the },~blets we.re allegedly supplied thus the raids were conducted
narrow streets and the bY- by a~hore i1rm. There is successfully. �
]nnes in three Police Station noa sn acute shortage of these The people of . t~e area ure
arens-Kalukot, ~ Chakiwara und tablets as a result of the rnids happy but they have the app-
Bn~hdadi-offering their 'fine orgariLsed by the Task ForCe rel~ension that the pedlnrs .some
quality nnrcotics and dru6s' to o~ the Crime granch, the Pak�_ vested interests in the trade in
thcir customers.
Only known faces, partic~~lar- Lst~n Nurcotlcs Control Board c llusion wlth some corrupt
. ly t.hc promincnt residents of nnd the Federal Mf2~lstry of ~f~lkers, mlght stage a cott10
1J~a5e localttles, were exempted Healtl~. �
fr~m thcir generous oftcr of The creclit goes, to. the West The. families of the addicts
sclling narcotics. Tha big And in� C3erman Pollee w~io intormed have , urged the authorities not
flucn~iai pedlars hired do�r.ens their Pakistani : counterparis to permit the "traders" � to re-
oi young boys to promote their about the racket when they $e!- sume their business.
tales nnd maximise their Dro- zed a const8nmeat desUaed . to The Superlntendent of Folice,
iit~s. Weat dermany. City Division, Mr Niaz A. Sid-
Thc wholesalers and the re- � AECENT. CAMPAIGN diqui, told DAWN tliat he
tnilcrs rematned behind the A campaign was launched. by would never allow the pedlars
scenes during the whole oDera- the area, police about seven to operate~. �lt waa the p~m~
duty ot the concerned agenefes
Lion. , weeks a8o. ' ~ ~
- These locnlittes were siso The polico adopted a' d1lfe- to' check this "trade' and.
rent strategY and made sincerc po}ice would provide all poesl-
' ble assslstapec. to them, he ss1d.
CSO: 5300/5728 ~
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~ PAKISTAN
BRIE'FS
'EMPTY' SUITCASES HEROIN RECOVERY--Islamabad, April 4--The Airport Customs offi-
cials remained unaware of the heroin worth about two and a half crore rupees,
lying under their custody for about two months. This interesting story was re-
vealed by the Customs people themselves while talking to the Press reporters,
who had gone to the Airport hearing that the customs had recovered heroin worth
crores of rupees. According to details, three persons Faiz Moha~ad, Sadiq
- Husain Mirza and Shams Zaheer, were held at the Airport for allegedly trying to
smuggle out antiques. They were trying to carry 46 precious pieces of antiques
- with them to London by PIA Flight No PK-783 on Feb. 7 last. They were stopped
by the customs authorities at th~ Airport and the antiques were covered from
them. The Customs people took into custody, the two suitcases containing the
an.tiques in their custody. The suitcases, after being checked, were stored in
- the godown~ as empty. At about 2.00 in the a~ternoon, the Superintendent Cus-
toms, Mian Farooq, received a anonymous phone call. The caller offered him
. Rs 100,000 to get back the two empty suitcases. He got suspicious and informed
the matter to his high-ups, who crdered that the two suitcases should be re-
checked thoroughly. This resulted in the recovery of the heroin. A fresh
case has been registered against the three accused already under police custody
for allegedly trying to smuggle heroin. Further investigations were being
made. [Text] [Islamabad THE NiUSLIM in English 5 Apr 82 p 3].
- NWFP GOVERNOR IN WASHINGTON--Washington, April 13--NWF Governor Lt General
Fazle Haq, arrived last night for talks with US officials on matters of mutual
interest. The General has come Iiere in xesponse an invitation from the Narco-
tics Division of t?ie State Department. He will stay in the United States from
two to three weeks. Besides meeting with officials dealing with the narcotics
question and economic aid, he will have a working luncheon with Under-Secretary
of State for Security Assistance, James L. Buckley. General Haq said that among
the subjects to be discussed would be the situation in Af ghanistan, development
aspects of the Frontier Province and the narcotics issue. Af ter his meetings
here through this week, the General will visit California, Chicago before
returning to Washington to meet some Senators and Congressman. He will also
visit New York before returning to Pak~stan. The General denied American
press reports about an increase in drug traffic from Pakistan, saying the
situation was under control. Through the vigorous efforts of the government,
he said the cultivation of poppy has been reduced to 18 of the peak production
in 1979-80. The Governor said there were economic reasons for poppy cultiva-
tions, but the goverrnnent was providing incentives to cultivators for crop re-
placement. For this large funds were required and this was one question he
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would raise with US officials. As regarde reports about the growth of so-
called heroin manufacturing factQries, he said the goverrnnent was ane the
look out for them and closing them whenever discovered. On the other hand,
custom officials have stepped up their vigilance and were impounding large
quantities of drugs destined for Western Europe and the United States.--APp
[Text] [Karachi BUSINESS RECORDER in English 14 Apr 82 p 3]
H~ROIN RECOVERED: BRITON HELD--The task force of the Pakistan Narcotics Con-
trol Board and Crime Branch officials yesterday apprehended a Zurich-bound
British national and recovered 2 kilo of heroin from his possession. In
Zurich, the heroin would fetched Rs one crore in the under-world market.
The heroin was recovered from a suitcase carried by the accused Walter Pimlott
at the Swiss airlines briefing counter. The group leader of the task force,
Ch. Faryad Hussain said that Walter, a 69-year-old British national was born
in Calcutta and has lived his entire life 3n this subcontinent. Only a couple
of months back he came~into contact w3th one Nasim, a resident of Jamrode
~ tribal belt who offered him to pay Rs 50,000 i# he works as a courier for a
narcotic gang. On his acceptance Nasim gave Walter a suitcase containing
2 kg of heroin and also Rs 18,000 for expenses and purchasing Kar-Zurich
Ka.rachi air ticket. However on receipt of a secret information the task
force was respatched to the airport which nabbed ht,m at the Swiss air briefing
counter in the morning. Walter was also given a"book" as a code signal �or
handing over the consignnaent to the recipient at Z.urich and also receiving his
"fee." The task force has also aent an information to Interpol and investiga-
tion was progressing under the supervision of Sardar Abdul Aziz, AIG crime
and in charge of the force. The three~month old task force has so far seized
28,000 tablets of mandrex, 10 kg of heroin, 450 kg charas bes~dzs carrying out
investigation into 16 cases received police stations.--APP jText]
[Karachi BUSINESS RECORDER in English 14 Apr 82~ 3]
CHARAS SEIZED IN PESHAWAR--Peshawar, 27 Apr--One thousand and two himdred
kilogram of charas worth RS three crore in the international black market,
was seized by the customs mobile squad in Mardan from a truck, which they
ambushed near village Kaloo Khan in Sawabi Tehsil of Mardan District on
Tuesday. The charas was being smuggled to Europe via Karachi. Truck driver
Akbar and his companion Aqalmust, were arrested on the spot. The trap was
laid after receiving information from a source well in time to make the
truck's escape impossible. [Text] [GF301125 Karachi DAWN in English
30Apr82p6]
CHARAS SEIZED (95 KILOS)--The Excise Police of District west seized 95
kilograms of charas valued at about Rs. 5,00,000 from hutment in ~Bara Market'
which was being used as a storage place for distribution locally as well as
for export, says an official handout. Accused Haji Gul Shah and Anzar Khan
escaped but excise men dug up the courtyard of the hutment and discovered a
hidden pitch and recovered the charas. LTaxt~ ~Karachi Dt~WN in English
19 Apr 82 p 8~
CSOo 5300/5728
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B~OLIVIA
BRIEFS
ANTINARCOTICS OPERATIONS--According to information released here today, three
dead persons was the alleged result of one of the most important ope~a~ions
carried out, with U.S. Government support, against the elaboration of cocaine
in eastern Bolivia. According to the 3ourna.lists who were invited to witness
this suppressive action, the operation was started in the departments of
Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, located at 6p0 and 1,000 km west of La P~z
respectively. A ring of cocaine traff ickers was discovered through this
operation. The members of the ring had to flee and abandon a truck which
was transporting coca leaves, raw ma.terial for the elaboration of cocaine
and approximately 2 million Bolivian pesos in cash ($450,000). It was also
stated that a great number of cocaine factories which operated in Yapacani,
120 km northeast from Santa Cruz, were discovered. There are a great number
of persons arrested but no names were released. The peasants of the area
also informed the jc;urna.lists that agents of the drug department and some
dressed in military uniforms are humiliating the peasant families in order
to get them to reveal who transports coca leaves from the production zones
to the underground cocaine factories. T.',tey said that groups dressed in
- military uniforms pass themselves off as agents, seize drugs, money and
goods and carry out all kinds of abuses. The suppressive operation is beirag
carried out with the support of helicopters. [TextJ [PY261510 Buenos Aires
TELAM in Spanish 1745 GMT 24 Apr 82~
TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED--Due to untimely (remarks made) without any authoriza-
tion by representatives of the Interior Ministry, an investigation of one of
the most important cases of cocaine traffic involving operations from this
country with contacts in Colombia, Panama and Miami has been thwarted. This
information was provided by Col (Carlos Zspata), national director for the
control of dangerous substances, during a press conference held this morning
with other officials of this organization in attendance. The director said
that despite the fact that the investigation was thwarted, officials of his
organization, during an investigation carried out some time ago, seized 123
kg of cocaine in addition to $170,900 in cash and checks for $750,000.
During the investigation 12 people were arrested but it had to be suspended
due to the declarations made by officials of the Interior Ministry, declara-
tions which alerted the different contacts who left the country, contacts
which are commonly known as the big fish. This is the reason why the
investigation has been stopped. [Excerpt] [PY140228 La Paz Radio Illimani
Network in Spanish 1700 GMT 13 Apr 82]
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INVESTIGATIVE REPORTER WARNED--La Paz, 23 Apr (AFP)--Lawyer Carlos Ponce
Sanjines yesterday was the target of an attempt on his life in the wake of
his repeated exposes of drug trafficking in the country, the Press-Radio
Organization reported. That umbrella organization for radio stations and
newspaper owners reported that its member, lawyer Carlos Ponce Sanjines,
was almost run over by a pickup truck as he exited his car after parking.
Ponce Sanjines, who is also director of the board of the newspaper JORNADA,
said that the attempt on his life is due to his continuous requests for
the investigation of drug-traffic-related crimes and of smuggling opera-
tions. The leader of the Radio-Press Accord, Mariano Baptista Gunucio and
Carlos Serrate Reich, have warned the public about the threats to freedom
of expression. [Text] [PY240739 Paris AFP in Spanish 2054 GMT 23 Apr 82]
CSO: 5300/2282
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BRAZIL
i
I
i
i
~
;
' GOVERNMENT PREPARES NATIONAL CAMPAIGN AGAINST DRUG USE
i
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 28 Mar 82 p 10
[Text] Brasilia (0 GLOBO)~ _ The Press Secretary in the Off ice of the Presi-
dent of the Republic Carlos Atila believes it to be "extremely oppartune" to
debate the drug problem at this time primarily in view of its connection with
pornography.
A study prepared by CONFEN (~ederal Narcotics Council) is being studied by
the Press Secretariat in the Office of the President. This study is intended,
during this f irst half of the year, to launch a national drive against the use
of drugs and stimulants.
' This inf ormation was released by CONFEN chairman and secretary general in the
Ministry of Justice, Arthur Pereira Castilho. In his opinion, preparing a
drive of this kind is "a delicate 3ob because you have to avoid sensationalism.
Some earlier attempts were counterproductive and only alerted people to the
existence of drugs. This is why the Press Secretariat is carefully preparing
the context of the message to be brought to millions of Brazilians via radio
and television." ~
According to the CONFEN chairman "we do not have a complete picture.of the
tremendous damage caused by drugs throughout the nation. The data~we do have
are statistics pertaining only to arrests made by the Drug Control Division
of the Federal Police Department. In the � light of the volume of informatio-~.,
we have some idea of what the situation is but we have not catalogued the.
information methodically. But we do know that drug use is one of the m~at
crucial problems of modern times. Because Brazil is a country with a vast
border, it is exposed to the evils of foreign smuggling. International in-
f luence is a fact of life.for Brazil. But we do have bilateral agreements ~
with neighboring countries calling for the exchange of information on a basis
of reciprocity."
According to Castilho, the main battle lines in the fight against drugs h~tve
already been drawn for this year. Decentralization of operations along with
the establishment of state councils patterned along the CONFEN; increase in
health supervision over prbducts considered to be toxic (remedies) and f irst-
level and second-level education programs alerting the people to the dangers
- of narcotics. .
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In addition, Brazil is using publications put out by the United Nations and
' technical reports providing guidance f or the fight against narcotics use.
These are the aids which the Press Secretariat will use to organize the drive
and posters will be printed for this purpose.
The data available to CONFEN are a part of a demonstration report draf ted by
the DPF and deal with the per.iod of January to August of last year. The Nar-
cotics Control Division during those 8 months of last year conf iscated 229.2
tons of marihuana as compared to 88.5 tons confiscated in 1380. As for
_ cocaine, which is still rather little used in Brazil when compared to the
developed countries because of its high cost, 92.8 kilogram~ were conf iscated
in 1.980 and 90.6 kilograms were conf iscated during 8 months of last year.
Confiscations of opium, morphine, heroin, and dicetylmorphine are not, re-
corded.
5058
CSO: 5300/2260
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� BRAZIL
FUNAI, POLICE SEEK TO PREVENT TRAFFICKING ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 28 Mar 82 p 10
[Text] Brasilia (0 GLOBO)...- FUt1AI [National Indian Foundation] and the Fed-
eral Police are conducting a~oint effort to prevent drug traff ic on native
reservations primarily in Amazonas, Maranhao, and Roraima where traff ickers
have made tremendous off ers to the India~s to grow toxic plants.
According to FUNAI, the problem is diff icult to get under control because most
of the native groups always use some type of drug during their religious
rituals and the traff ickers believe that there is "an opportunity to grow
certain toxic plants here."
To outweigh the advantages offered by the traffickers, FUIdAI is expanding
agricultural projects in the areas most sought after for this type of traff ic
by giving these communities more money f or planting rice, corn, beans, soy-
beans, and cassava, among other things, and by guaranteeing the purchase of
all produce.
Parallel to that, FUNAI is making the native leaders aware of the fact that
this kind of traff ic is illegal and that, since they are responsible f or the
tribe; they must refuse any proposals made to them by the traffickers, im-
mediately reporting them to the police station commander or directly to the
Federal Police.
Custom
The head of the FUNAI delegation in Manaus, Kazuto Kawamoto, ^aid that the
Inomamis of Roraima and Amazonas use five types of hallucinogt.:s but the
"Etena" plant is the most important one following conversion into a powder to
be inhaled during rituals.
He reported that the Macu and Tucanu Indi~ns in the Amazonas region use the
p~ant called "Epadu" from which cocaine is extracted. The traffickers are
very busy in these reservations.
"We cannot," he said, "prevent the planting of these herbs because this is a
part of the culture of the Indians But we are preventing the exceasive .
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planting that could be characterized as engaging in traff ickingm Through
bigger agricultural projects we want to make sure that the Indians can make
an honest living."
According to Kazuto Kawamoto, the priests who work in the native areas are
also working to indoctrinate the natives, explaining to rhem the consequences
of illegal traffic and the evils connected with the excessive use of drugs.
He noted that the difficulty in this type of work resides in the fact that
the traff icker, in making his off er, lists the big advantages connected~with
it and ~he practice of paying by the hour.
"Right now," he added, "most of the leaders are rejecting the proposals made
by the traff ickers out of fear of reprisals. There have been reports to the
effect that the Zndians~ on the Rio Negro are traff icking in marihuana but
nothing has been proven. We have been able to ascertain normal p?anting
activities because they use this herb as a remedy. We had report~ to the
effect that the indians in Alto Solimoes were tempted to plant but the fre-
quent presence of FUNAI and officers from the Federal Police prevented the
traffickers f rom gettiing in there."
Maranhao
, The head of the FUNAI delegation in Sao Luis, Alipio Nevea, said that this
_ year alone the police station chief in the reservation of the Gua~ajara in-
dians "arrested two traff ickers and handed them over to the Federal Police."
"The Federal Police is working with anthropologists in the area oP the Guaja-
jara so as to find ways of planting for community consumption and preventing
the surplus f rom being sold to the traff ickers," he sdded. �
He noted that this effort began 3 years ago after it was found that the traf -
fickers were paying the Indians to plant toxic plants.
"It is diff icult to keep tabs on the entry of the traff ickers because there
is a vast dessert area around the reservation. The F~ederal Police however
- are applying intimidation against the activities of the traffickers in the
region. As in other states, we are promoting new agricultural projects so
that the Guajajaras will earn profits similar to or greater than those.of-
fered by the traffickers," Alipio Nevea concluded.
5058
CSO: 5300/2260
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i
;
; BRAZIL
; .
BAND TRAFFICKING IN COCAINE, HASHISH, MARIHUANA ARRESTED
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 3 Apr 82 p 13
;
[Text] The police arrested the traffickers Paulo Cesar Medina Antune9, 28,
and Edson Gomes, 36, and through them got tt?e pusher Nivaldo Dias Dutra, 26,
in whose home, at 560 Estrada Santa L~ugenia, in Santa Cruz, 21 kilograms of
marihuana and small quantities of hashish and cocaine were seized.
~ Reported to be the owner of the drugs who had brought them from Santos to
sell them in Rio, Nivaldo Dutra was also arrested but escaped in his home,
usir_g his wife, Marcia Maria de Oliveira Dutra, 29, to divert the police of-
f icers to a presumed confession on drug traff ic. In addition to Marcia,
' police off icers arrested Maria Cristina Borges Martine, 20, Nivaldo's mistress.
; Maria Cristina, who is 2 months pregnant, said that she did not know that
Nivaldo was married and Marcia Maria did not know of the existence of the
other woman in her husband's life. They met in the lockup of the 40th DP
' (Police Precinct] where they were taken after having been arrested by officers
~ from the DPM (Metropolitan Police Department).
;
; According to detectives, the boss of the gang--whose base of operations is in
Sao Paulo--is the traff icker known by the name of Anselmo who was arrested by
: DEIC [Criminal Investigation Departmenf] off icers yesterday.
Nivaldo is still at large. He escaped on foot into a thicket and was being
pursued with the help of the PM [Metropolitan Police]. He left behind the
Passat EX-9069 with Sao Paulo license plates, registered in the name of Luis
Carlos Pereura.
Report
, The DPM officers who yesterday afternoon presented the prisoners and the con-
i fiscated material to the reporters said that everything began when they re-
; ceived a report to the effect that Paulo Cesar Medina Antunes (Rua Nossa
Senhora da Salete 76, apartment 201, Rocha Miranda) was selling marihuana re-
- ceived from a gang in Sao Paulo.
;
Yesterday afternoon, Paulo was arrested in Rocha Miranda Square where he had
1.25 kilograms of marihuana on him. When questioned, he said he had received
; ' .
. 16
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the drug from Nivald~~ through Edson Gomes. He also said that the two of them
were going to meet with him at 1930 in that same square.
Police set v~ a stakeout and were lying in wait. At the scheduled time,
Nivaldo Dias Dutra arrived in the Passat with Edson Gomes and Maria Cristina
Borges Martins. After having been arrested, they tried to deny their parti-
cipation in drug traff ic but Nivaldo confessed that he had in fact met Edson
to get the latter to persuade other persons to sell drugs. Edson lured Paulo
Cesar to whom he gave 1.5 kilograms of marihuana to sell. During the meeting
which ended in their arrest, Paulo Cesar gave Nivaldo the money from the sale,
~that is, 100,000 cruzeiros (he had however not yet sold all of the marihuana).
~ Edson made 7,000 cruzeiros and Paulo made 5,000 cruzeiros for every kilogram
sold.
Escape
Nivaldo Dutra, trying to gain time to escape, which in fact he did, indicated
that he was ready to take the police officers to his wife's home in Santa
Cruz although he told them that the woman was his sister (he wanted to keep
Maria Cristina from f inding out that he is married and the father of a 2-year-
old son).
Nivaldo prolonged the conversation, fingering Anselmo as the gang leader in
Sao Paulo. He made a signal to the woman, not knowing that Maria Cristina
was his mistress, and she got the police to listen to a presumed confesn~ion
in the bathroom. In this way he diverted the attention of the officers to
her and used the opportunity to escape through the back door which leads to
a thicket.
Weapons and Scales �
In the house, police off icers in addition to drugs--estimated to have a st:ceet
value of 800,000 cruzeiros--seized a 7.65 caliber pistol with two~clips in
a holster and two scales, one of them a portable precision scale used to
weigh cocaine.
~ They also foun3 a tape recorder, a TV set, and two car license plates--WT-2298
and SY-1869, both from Rio--supposedly unused or taken from stolen cars.
Edson and Paulo said they did not know that Nivaldo was also selling cocaine
and primarily hashish, a drug little used in Rio.
Edson Gomes said that he is a cab driver and also works with attorney Adenir
Afonso Guimaraes on Avenida dos Italianos. But he denied that the attorney
knew anything about his criminal activities, maintaining that he was working
in the law offices as real estate broker. Paulo Cesar said that he is a shoe-
maker and works at home. Police off icers however said that he had always been
involved in traff ic and that he was the "airplane" (~unior pusher) of the
traff icker Jose Carlos dos Reis Ensina, alias Escadinha, who had been f ingered
as one of the biggest drug sellers operating in Morro do Juramento, in
Madureira; he is still at liberty.
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! - .
1
,
? Maria Cristina Borges Martins (19 Agua Branca Street, apartment 101, in Mag-
alhaes Bastos) s~id that she is taking a professional training course in
; ped.iatrica and is a receptionist at the National Hotel in Sao Conrado.
; Marcia Maria, Nivaldo's wife, rather irritated, said that "this is the end."
; "In addition to the arrests, the disgrace, there is the hatred that springs
; from the fact that I know that Nivaldo has another woman and that she is even
` expecting a child fi�om him."
~ The four of them were charged in the 40th DP in xocha Miranda.
,
~ The DPM contacted that police in Sao Paulo who had already arrested Anselmo
: and is also looking for Nivaldo as wel~l as others involved in these activi-
ties in Santos and in the capital. ~
~ ' M1 ~i, �
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I . � , . � , :
; , a ~ qw fu0fu,
~ r , : , d ~sq,,.rda..os ?
.j ~ ` . : . ~ ~ ~ .
-
t, ,
j ~ " IntphOnt~s
/ * }
~ , ~t, dO~CfldO 00111 O
; � mof~N01
~ ~ aP~ndtdo
~ Nivaldo Dutra (to.p photo) the trafficker who escaped, and, on the left, the
' other memb;ers of the gang with the. material seized.
~ 5058
CSO: 5300/2260
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BRAZIL
BRIEFS ~
MAJOR TRAFFICKERS LISTED--The Narcotics Squad has listed the following as
principal traff ickers operating in Rio, with their respective areas: Paulo
Luneta, Tijuca; Paulinho da Matriz, Botaf ogo; Flavinho, Barra da Tijuca;
_ Wilson Ferreira das Neves, alias Chulipa, Andarai; Hamilton da Silva, alias
Boi, Ilha do Governador and Baixada Fluminense; Jose Omena, Jacarepagua;
Crema, Baixo Leblon; Antonio Jorge, Iraja; Vanir, Campo Grande; Paesoca,
Bangu and Campo Grande; Cueca, Morro da Providencia and Praca Maua; Congo, ;
Tijuca; Tiao Capenga, Posse, Baixada; Eduardo Carroula, Ladeira dos Tabajaras;
Beto, Laranjeiras; Melito, Banco de Are3a, Belford Roxo; Valentim, partner
of Melito, Cais do Porto; Edo and Toinha, the so-called Rainho Brothers,
Andarai; Carabina, who gets drugs from the Coragem Brothers, Cruz Vermelha;
Pinga, Salgueiro; Mineiro and Branco, section between I,apa and Cruz Vermelha,
dealing only in cocaine; Baiano Doido, Morro da Providencia na Praca Maua;
Ci, Acari; Washington Poderoso, Paulo Maluco and Escadinha, Morro do Juramento
em ~Iicente de Carvalho; Valter Negao, Curral das Eguas, em Realengo;.Paulinho
- Amigo, Sao Cristovao; Tocao, Leme; Roberto Malva, Grande Rio; Ce1so.Queimado,
Grande Rio; Joao Porcado, B~onsucesso, Ilha do Governador and Duque de Caxais;
Petis and Denis, Rocinha; and Ceci, Inhauma. [Text] [Rio de Janeiro JORNAL
DO BRASIL in Portuguese 27 Mar 82 p 9] 5058
MARIHUANA PRODUCTION DOWN--Police officers from the Narcotics Squad stated '
that this is not a good time for drug traffic because there has been a drop
in the cocaine trade due to the recent seizure of large quantities in the ,
United States and because this happens to be the time between marihuana har- ~
vests. ~o make up for the marihuana shortage, traff ickers usually mix the
herb with alfalf a or animal manure, thus fooling the addicts when the drug is ;
prepared in small doses. The cocaine is mixed with talc [talcum powder],
wheat flour, or bicarbonate. Cocaine sells at 3.2 million curzeiros per
kilogram and marihuana sells at 60,000 cruzeiros. These prices are not stan-
dard throughout the state because, in the southern part, considered the area
pref erred by traff ickers, a marihuana joint with a smaller quantity than
normal is sold f or 1,000 cruzeiros; in Baixada Fluminense, an amount suff i-
cient for f our joints can be obtained for 500 cruzeiros. Marihuana--the main ~
drug consumed in Rio because of its lower price--usually reaches the city
after being brought in by "hicks"; these are men who are hired to carry the
stuff in suitcases and to hand it over to the traffickers who ordered the ~
stuff. In the traff ic set up, the next step consists of the sellers who supply
themselves through the distributors; they are the ones who a.re the most exposed ,
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which is why they are often the target of the police. They disguise them-
selves as vendors of popcorn, hot dogs, peanuts, and even beverages. [Text]
[Rio de Janeiro JORNAL DO BRASIL in Portuguese 27 Mar 82 p 9] 5058
MA.TOR COCAINE TRL~FFICKER ARRESTID--The traff icker charged with being respon-
sible for more than 50 percent of the cocaine reaching Rio de Janeiro was
arrested yesterday by officers from the DGIE (General Department of Special
' Investigations); he is Geraldo Alves de Azevedo, alias Geraldo da Beatriz,
. 52, serving a 14-year prison sentence f or engaging in drug traff ic in the
Adauto Botelho Hospital in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, but he frequently goes to
Rio de Janeiro. He denies trafficking in cocaine from Mato Gros~o to Rio
- de Janeiro but the off icers have been able to discover that he purchased a
Passat in December of last year from another trafficker by the name of Jose
Carlos d~s Reis Encina, alias Escadinha, whom he supplies with drugs. Geraldo
! da Beatriz has little to say about his frequent departures from prisnn in
Cuiaba but police off icers hinted that he will have to finger persons who
help hi.m when he goes back to Mato Grosso. Geraldo was arrested while having
lunch with his wif e, Maria Alina de Sousa~and a son; they live on Rua Fig-
ueiredo Magalhaes 263, apartment 706. Geraldo was quite calm and said that
he is paying with finGtncing through the Economic Fund. At the moment of his
arrest, he was in the Real Restaurant, on Atlantica Avenue, and he displayed
no emotion. At the DGIE he said that he was arrested in Cuiaba in 1979 as
he was preparing to purchase 5 kilograms of cocaine. [Text] [Rio de Janeiro
JORNAL DO BRASIL in Portuguese 27 Mar 82 p 9] 5058
I RIO DRUG ADDICTION FIGURES--A research project by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation,
i which has been under way for a year and which will cost 60 niillion cruzeiros,
I estimates that Rio de Janeiro has 100,000 drug addicts with about 24,000
having psychiatric problems. The project is aimed at determining the factors
that lead to this addiction and the'extent to which the family structure con-
~ tributes to it. According to researchers, the estimate is based on UN data
Por Latin American countries, such as Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. The
research coordinator, psychiatrist Anasticio Morgado, an assistant prof essor
at the National Health School, figures that last year alone there must have
! been 1,200 serious cases of "heavy" drugs taken care of in specialized psy-
chiatric institutions where the victims had to be admitted. Out of the 87
cases studied, two began to use drugs befween the age of 5 and 9"through
brothers, friends, or peer pressure." According to the UN study, 5 percent
~ of pe~sons between 15 and 39 are drug addicts and they generally begin with
~ barbiturates and marihuana until they go on to the more dangerous drugs. The
research project by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation does not say whether the
~ number of addicts is increasing. But, according to Morgado, a drug addict
never says that he is an addict, and the scientif ic studies do not enable us
- to say whether a marihuana consumer wi12 go on to use cocaine, heroin, and
LSD. The psychiatrist said that he "does not dare" talk about marihuana
"because our knowledge here is very uncErtain." But he noted that there is
no effective treatment to cure drug addiction, except love. His research,
; confined to Rio and assisted by the National Health Fund plus f inancing from
the UN's Fund for Drug Abuse Control, has 40 items intended f or patients and
~ 20 for families. The as yet preliminary conclusions reveal that drug addicts
,
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Have a serious lack of appetite, iaany have psychiatric problems, and
the ~najority do not reveal any problems relating to mental illness. [Text]
. [Sao Paulo 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 31 Mar 82 p 21] 5058
PLANT FOR COCAINE PRODUCTION SEIZED--The police in Amazonas seized a large
quantity of "epadu"--from which cocaine is extracted--in the township of
Tefe, in Medio Solimoes, where a group of international traffickers had a
5-hectare plantation,. On reaching the place, police off icers arrested the
farmer, Joao Rodrigues, alias Joao Nambu, and his son, Joao Rodrigues Junior,
who ran the plantation; 12 sack~ with dry plant leaves were found there.
After interrogation, the police found another two traff ickers--Francisco Bentes
Rodrigues and Herval Dias de Araujo--and later on arrested a former off icial
of the Electric Power Plants of Amazonas, Sebastiao de Oliveira, who was
charged with being responsible for the planting of "epadu." Joao Rodrigues
said that he was persuaded by two strangers, possibly Colombians, to plant
"epadu" on a coffinercial scale because the plant is found in.its native state
throughout the region where the Macu and Tucanu Indians grow it for sale to
- Colombian traffickers. [Text] [Sao.Paulo 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese
6 Apr 82 p 21] 5058
CSO: 5300/2260
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-I
CULOMBIA
CUSTOMS OFFICIALS DISMISSED OVER DRUG SHIPMENT
Bogata EL TIEMPO in Spanish 19 Mar 82 pp 1 A, 3-A
[ Ar ti c le by Gus tavo Rami re z]
[Text] Medellin, 18 Mar--The Chief of Customs in Antioquia, Capt Alvaro ~aimes
~ Mogollon, and five other officials were suddenly discharged today hy the Head
Office of Customs because of the seizure of a shipment of cocaine fmm Medellin
discovered in a Tampa Airlines cargo plane.
- In addition to Captain Jaimes lrbgollon, Lieutenants Humberto Florez and
Hernando Vargas Vargas, Corporal Antonio Yanez and the appraisers Jorse Olaya,
Luis Hernando Matiz and Luis A. Cepeda were also discharged. Zhe former
officials were working in the bran::h of the Customs Department at the Olaya
Herrera Airport in Medellin.
In an investigation imdertaken in the airport by the Gene~al Customs Adminis-
tration it was proved that the appraiser, Luis Fernando Matiz, was the one who
reviewed 425 cases in which the North American authorities~discovered 1,800
grams of cocaine in the transport plane of the Tampa company.
The drug, valued at about 1,000,000,000 dollars (more than 60,000,000,000
Colombian pesos) was stored in Tampa warehouses in Medellin, while Customs
~ reviewed and authorized shipment of a cargo of jaans and flowers to the Uni~ted
States.
The discharge of the chief of Customs in Antioquia, Captain Jaimes Mogollon,
and of the Lieutenants Flox~z and Vargas, Corporal Yanez and the appraisers was
made by "the discretionary authority of the government to remo�te public officials
from their jobs without previous investigation," according to an informant of the
Customs Department in Medellin. ~
After the incident, the national director of Customs, Rafael Poveda Alfonso,
had complained of the difficulties in ~scharging Custotns officials who were in-
volved in disciplinary investigations.
The discharges occurred when personnel from the Head Office of Customs and from
the Antinarcotics Department of the United States tmdertook an investigation to
uncaver the methods used in the shipment of drugs abroad.
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It was announced that David Huber Restrepo w~ll zeplace Jaa,z~es M~ogollon.
_ The new official was head of DAS [Administzative Departanent of Security] in
Manizales.
The cargo of 1,800 kilograms of pure cocaine was shipped to Miami in 22 cartons
which was part of the normal load of a Boeing 707 of the Tampa company.
The cartons, which aroused the suspicions of ~ Customs personnel in North
America appeared in the Customs declaration as "personal belongings."
Suspicions on the involvement of Customs personnel in Medellin are based on
the fact that the 425 boxes of inerchandise which the airplane carried arrived
normally at the consignees in Miami.
The manager of the "E1 Cid" company, awner of the Tampa airplane cargo,
Guillermo Valencia Jaramillo, said that it is possible that cocaine had been
shipped to Miami from Golombia many times hidden among export me:chandise.
9678
CSO: 5300/2264
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CUSHE FOREST MARIHUANA--Port-of-Spa3n, 18 Apr (CANA)--More than three million
dollars (1 TT dollar : 41 cents U.S.) worth of fu11y grown mari3uana plants
' and compressed ganja were destroyed and four persons arrested by police in
a recent raid in the Cushe Forest, the local press reported. The police
party uprooted about 50,000 trees, THFi GUARDIAN newspaper said. The raid
also turned up three fully furnished forest camps, a quantity of mari~uana
seedlings and about 150 pounds of the compressed drug. Police said other
suspects escaped. Those arrested have been charged with illegally cultivat- ~
ing marijuana. [Text] [FL192141 Bridgetown CANA in English 1630 GMT
18 Apr 82 FL)
. CSO: 5300/2279 ~
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BRITON LOSES DRUG CASE APPEAL
, Nairobi DAILY NATIODt in Enqlish 6 Apr 82 p 5
(Text] THE High Court yesterday dia- ~
~ mis.aed an appeal by a Briton who
i~ currently nerving a nine-month
' jaii term for paeseseing bhang.
The court was told Srian
Harvey used a fake neme and
travelled on different passports.
State Counsel F~ank Nebutete �
told acting judqe P.S. Brer thet "
Hervey's real name waa Frank
Kimbie McGregor.
He was speaking during the
hearing of an appesl, by Harvey
' agair?st conviction leat Decem-
ber.
Harvey had admitted that on
November 20 last year at
~ Lengata, Naimbi, he had resin oil
~ nat in medicai preparetion.
~ The Chief Magintrate s court
, had been told that ~x?lice omcen+
actinK on information leid an
' ambu4h at e hoese itt 1.anRate. ~ KARVEY... "Uaea(ake name."
The officers entered the house and found Harvey and other people. T'hey
searched the house and found resin oil w~rth 160,000% in a bedroom.
Harvey lodged an appeal through lawyer Musyoka Ariana. The lawyer said the
' nine-month jail sentence imposed on the accused was unfair as Aarvey had a~
- mitted the offence.
; Buti Mr. Nabutete said Harvey was a British citizen and had beea convicted of
possessing hashish in another country.
Harvey also used false passport and name, he said.
' "He has been to Kenya many times but his passport shows entries for clepartures
~ from Kenya but no entries for arrivals or destinations in other countries," ,
stated Mr. Nabutete.
~ The State Counsel said the an?ount of resin ofl found in Harvey's possession
~ .
was large.
~
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_ In his judgment, Justice Brar noted that Harvey had other convictions in an-
other country.
The judge said the Chief Magistrate would have granted a stiffer sentence as
the offence called for a fine not exceeding 20,000/- or imprisonment not ex~
ceeding 10 years or botti. ~
~ Justice Brar said the nine-month sentence appeared lenient.
CSO: 5300/5725
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~ SENEGAMBIA
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SENEGALESE DIPLOMAT SMUGGLES HASAISH--The diplomat Amadou Seye, who held the
post of first counselloi of the Embassy of Senegal in Bonn, was questioned
and placed under commital order recently by Senegalese ~ustice. At the origin
' of this spectacular arrest is a seizure of 48 kg of hashish (valued at 125
million francs) in the diplomatic bag by the German customs officers, on
~ 30 March 1982, at the Cologae-Bonn sirport. The drug seems to have been
imported from India. As he could not be questioned in Germany because of
his diplomatic status, Amadou Seye, was declared "persona non grata" by the
West German minister of foreign affairs who en3oined him to leave the FRG
within a"suitable" time. Oace he returned to his country, Sepe, who no
longer enjoyed his diplomatic immunitq, was questioned and placed under
- commital order by the law. The investigation and hearing of the case is
taking its course but an exemplary pnnishment must be expected so as to
discourage any other attempt of this nature. An attempt which does not honor
its authors who are our regreseatatives abroad and which tarnishes the
distinguished image whi~h Senegal has acquired on the international scene.
~ [Text] [Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 17-18 Apr 82 p 8]
CSO: 5300/5729
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~
SOUTH AFRZCA
KWAZULU'S MULTIMILLION RAND DAGGA INDUSTRY ERPLORED
~
' Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Mar-Apr 82 pp 39-40
[Article by Reg Rumney: "Dagga--The Burn Machine the Cops Can't Stop")
[Text] T was dagga that took me to Msinga, head-dresses =demand, the incongruous
Iscene of faction fighting that makes vans emblazoned with such mysterious
Sicilian vendettas seem tame. Dagga, messages as "Beyond a Song", here,
KwaZulu's multimillion rand crop, its practically any money that you can fold
only important industry. instead of bite i, Money with a capital
= And listening to Elvah Mhlongo, ex- "M".
policeman and veteran of many dagga- Mhlongo himself has an unusual plot.
destroying raids, teU how prolifically it No trace of dagga, but plenty of *hriving
grows in the surrounding hills I think vegetables and fruit, including e vine
; what a pity it is I have come to write from which he casually picks bunches of
about it rather than to smoke it. Sweet grapes. This in an area bedev~led
, I am sitting in the shade on Mhlongo's py drought for the last two summers.
plot neaz the Tugela, fighting off flies and Mhlango is one of the few who Y~a~
the smell emanating from what looks to ~nigated his land. He works with Ctiurch
me through sweat-misted prescription j~gricultural Projects (CAP) on the farm
I sunglasses like leather thongs hung up for Mdukutshani, where Ne~ Alcock and his
; curing. I ask Mhlongo why the people in W~e Creina head a notable attempt to
the area grow dagga. develop agriculture in the Msinga area
The reason, as he sees it, is simple. To The Alcocks encourage food product-
grow anything else you need space, fer- ;on in place of dagga growing. They are
tiliser and irrigation. You also need to Well aware of the incentives running in
find a market. To grow dagga you need the opposite direction.
next to no space - no more than an old An Ndwendwe cane grower, for
cattle kraal, and nothing else at all. And example, might expect to net R368 a
you don't need to find a market either - year, farming an area of, on average, 1,46
it finds you, before you can even snap hectares A dagga grower would earn the
' your fingers. Moreover the dagga runners ~me amount from a field 1/30th the size.
will come from the city to collect it from A ton of cane would net R5,25. Anyone
you. You can make an easy R600 or so a w,~th a ton of dagga for sale could earn
year, by doing little more than sitting in between R8 000 and R100 000, depend-
the sun.
R 150 for a mealie-sack of "Number ~g on how and where he sold it.
one"; around R100 a sack for lower- Moreover, the Alcocks point out, cane
grade merchandise - the sums are tiny needs fairly expensive back-up services.
: compared to the final retail price, But Dagga needs none at all.
here it is Money with a capital "M". Says a CAP newsletter: "It costs
' Here, among the mud huts with the R25 000 to create a job in industry in
broken dreams of derelict cars rusting in South Africa. It cost Sukhumani (Devel-
their yards, the women walking with the opment Company) RS 000 to create a job
stately gait that their wide, dish-shaped ~n sugar in 1979/80. But the degga
industry asks for not 'a cent - it creates
its own jobs.
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"Dagga proves that when the econom- But it was another song, far distant in
- ic incentive is there the black farmer has time and culture, I thought of as we re- .
all the qualitiss for success." crossed the bread-brown river which
Yet at the same time as he proclaims whiplashes through the Tugela valley and
that dagga is KwaZulu's only cash crop, on either side of which the mountains
Alcock regrets its existence: "Communi:- hump to the skies as intensely blue as the
ies have asked me to help stop individuals g~re in a nnadman's eye. "Picture your-
growing dagga because of the harm it ~~f on a boat on the river. the Beatles .
does to the whole community. The tra- ~ng, � And after some of the local
gedy is that the actual growers never get ebomvu, its delta-9-tetra-hydra- ~ ,
caught." cannabinol heat-forced to a magic po-
Those caught and imprisoned are fall tency, all girls have kaleidoscope eyes. Oh
guys, he says, who happen to be in or Y~~ ~d with each draw a mii:ion brain
around the dagga plot at the time. They ~ells vanish. ~
will serve their sentences without a mur- It's easy to wax lyrical over the Tugela
mur for fear of the consequences if they Valley and similar rural paradises, espe-
reveal the identity of the plot's owner. cially from the vantage point of the city.
Dagga smoking be8u?~ in the area at an The reality, however, is somethinB els~�
early age, the Alcocks say. The depredat- Take the river, for instance. lt carries a
ions of thieves who strip handfuls of leav- muddy film that clings to the body, quite
es from the growing plants cut into the aside from whatever excreta are casually
growers' profits. And often these thieves deposited upstream. The local people live
are young boys. with it, using it to dump rubbish, wash
Every summer police heticopters come both live and dead bodies and provide
to destroy the dagga fields, using lately e drinking water.
poison spray instead of uprooting the
plants and burning them. But they have There's a shock or realization here for
touched only a fraction of the crop. ~e city slicker - like learning that the
The growers have come to terms with attractive headdresses are human hair
the raids, it seems. Some piuck leaves pulled around a base of mud and that the
from the plant as it grows so that no crop long needles the women carry are for
will go completely to waste. scratching the scalp without disturbing
Also, the raids have taught growers a the elaborate paraphernalia. A realization
simple economic lesson: scarcity equals nearly as striking as the sigttt of the
value. hungry people, hit as mucb by the new
One grower Alcock has spoken to says l~ws cracking down on ,~legal migrant
he has the police to thank for the prices labour - apatt from dagga the only
his dagga can command. If it was legalised constant source of money - as by the
he would be a much poorer man. droughts of the last two summers,
Down there in the green hills, the Beyond a song. But no doubt, most
plant itself looks homely, somehow, in its of the city's pipe dreams are rooted in a ,
natural sunounds. I was reminded of the romanticised memory of an unpleasant
Zulu name "Mthunziwenkhukhu" ot reality, like Msinga. , ~
�`Shade of the fowls". Before d
ould be
declared illegal in 1928, dagga
grown near the doorway of most Zulu
huts and the chickens would rest under
the plants' lower leaves.
This is refened to in the Zulu praise
song of dagga:
' Burn machine uf the mind
Burn shade of the fowls
You remind me oj the other side of
the mvuntains
Where heroes have assembled.
CSO: 5300/5719
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'L'OBSERVATEUR' VIEWS POLICF ACTTONS TO CONTROL DRUG TRADE
, Cannabis Trade Uncovered ~
~ Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 18 Feb 82 pp 8-10
, [Article by Frank S. Vierax]
~[Text] "An ouncr: of prevention is worth a pound o~ cure," they say.
Bobo-Dioulasso--the second largest city in Upper Volta, with at least 100,000
inhabitants--has been invaded by harmful weeds since 1965-66. Haxmful weeds
in two senses: firstly, its youth, contaminated by adventurers who have
dipped into the euphoric world of drugs; secondly, all sorts of drugs--both
~ drugs produced in modern laboratories, like cocaine and tranqu~lizers, and
~ plants like Indian hemp, also known as can~abis. They do our people no good.
i If Adam and Eve were lazy, as recounted by the Bible ar_d the-Koran in the
~ story of the beoinning of mankind, it was because they lived in the paradise
of the Garden of Eden, which provided them with everything they needed. All
~ they had to do was pick what they wanted. Al1 that was long ago, and today
; man must earn his bread by the sweat of his brow, since Satan took the form
, of a serpent and, as the first spy in man's world, visited Eve. The develop-
ing countries seem to have been more severely punished for th3s. We axe c~ti-
zens of developing countries, and we have a great.deal left to do. We need
; all our able-bodied manpower.
Alas! Invoking various pretexts, each less valid than the last, young peo-
ple and even adults are indulging in a state of euphoric contemplation by
subjecting themselves to the effects of narcotic drugs. We have published
many articles about the drug trade. We return to the sub~ect now with
Co~i.ssioner Youl Amedee's latest series of axrests. He rounded up 7.53 kilo-
; grams of Indian hemp when he was a police inspector in the Mobile Brigade of
the Bobo Police Department. This time he netted 50 kilograms of Indian hemp
for the Bobo-Diolasso prosecutor's office. Here is how he did it.
j Un 15 January.1982, Commissioner Youl Amedee of the second police district,
; which has just been opened near a cycle factory (Ivolcy) and the Bobo rail-
; road station, not far fram the unprotected railroad crossing on the Sikasso-
Cira--Sonssoribougou line (near the airport), was making routine rounds with
all.the vigi.lance of an alert policeman. In a public place he found a
' shady looking character who appeared to be a drug a3dict. To make sure, he
; asked him to identify himself. Forty-eight hours later this person admitted
I
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- that he belonged to the world o~ an artificial paradise, but only as a con-
sumer. Questioned about his supply source, he named one Adama Sako, who
already had a police record and a prison record: a 6-jmonth~sentence for
involvement in the drug trade in 1980. Thus, the connecting thread was found.
On 22 January 1982, police inspector Zombre Christophe folloWed up the inves~
tigation by questioning Adama Sako at his home; the latter attempted unsuccess-
fully to hide two bags of henp when he saw the inspector arriving. This became
evidence. But where did he get his supplies? That was Inspector-Zombre's
problem. In his initial statement, Adaina Sako named a young ~an from Dande
as his supplier. A few days later, he stated that he got his supplies from
two old men in the village of K~odara in the Darsalamy (Bobo) section.
He named Ouattara Balla as his first supplier. The investigation was pursued
in the latter's residence on 27 January 1982. Balla, who is known all over
the region as a big charlatan, was openly holding consultations. Disguised
as "snifeurs," the investigators asked him for 30,000 CFA francs worth of
Indian hemp. After they had been served, they identif ied themselves and pro-
ceeded to search the premises. They found a cache of 4 kilograms o,~ Indian
hemp, packaged for consumption. The inspectors repeated the same scenario
with Ouattara Fadouba, Adama Sako's second supplier. When of~ered 100,000
CFA francs, Ouattara Fadouba went to his storehouse and got out a large ~ute
sack full of hemp and several other pa;:tly`filled sacks. This raid netted a
total of 26 kgs of packaged Indian he~np. The most interestin~ side of th~,s
story is that Balla and Fadouba are both distributors of Tndian hemp, selling
their prod~ict for Frs 1,000 per 50-gram Nescaf e box.
They got the seeds of this valuable plant from an Tvorian schoolteacher naiaed
Koffi E~anuel who was passing through Kodara; apparently the whole crop was
to be delivered ta him! But our two producers still had their stocks and were
selling them retail. Balla grew 240 square meters of hemp this year for this
- purpose. In 1981 they sold a large part of their crop to a European professor
from Ouahigouya. Fadouba grew 183 square meters of hemp in 1981-82.
Together, Balla and Fadouba grew 423 square meters of hemp and produced 30 kgs
of Indian hemp worth Frs 600,000 on the market. One problem remained to be
solved by Commissioner Youl Amedee's team: Adama Sako had another sample
that was very different from the ones supplied by Balla and Fadouba. Where
did he get it? To answer this question, the police had to interrogate Sako
again. He confessed that he got it from Alidou Sanou, in the region of
Dande, 60 km from Bobo along the Bobo-Faramana axis (in the opposite direction
from Darsalamy). Inspector Zombre sent his men to Dande again. Approaching
Alidou with the drug addict's lingo, they asked him for Frs 1,000 francs worth
of Indian hemp--a full SO-gram Nescafe box, called a"cup" in the drug trade's
jargon. After they had been served, they searched the premises. Alidou's cache
netted 20 kgs. He named Barro Tiantimaro--called Mo~ouni--in Koundougou as
his supplier. The latter grew 29 square meters of hemp this year for the drug
trade. If it is true that Tiantimaro grew the hemp, he got the seeds from
Sa.aou Te Karim of Narama, 26 kms from Dande. Sanou Te Karim furnished the
seeds, Tiantimaro grew the plants, and Alidou marketed the product. Thus
Commissioner Youl Amedee of the second district and his men uncovered two or
three of Bobo's supply sources in this roundup, among the ~nany sources exist-
ing on Upper Volta's territory. This reminds us of the saying: "An ounce of
prevention is worth a pound of cure." It is time for the Departments of Health~
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;
~
~
~ ;
~ the Interior, ~outh, Sports and the Arts to get together and ask ~or a budget
i to finance a special narcotics squad in Upper 'Volta's main urban centers. We
are headed toward a situation now af~licting developed countries because they
i did not discover it sooner. Our national budget Would not know which saint to
' turn to if it had to finsnce detoxication centers soon.
~ More Arrests Made
i
! Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 27 Jan 82 pp 1, 12
f
~ [Article by Vierax F. Sanou]
[Text] "The more you go after it the deeper the evil seems to take root." ~In
; this way the evil advanced, little by little, in the so-called industrialized
, countries where the spoiled children of rich parents, espectally those of the
; bourgeoisie, are idle because they came into a world where their parents
~ offered them everything on a~silver platter and they didn't have to do any-
, thing: everything ha3 already been done. This is certainly not the case yet
in Africa, where economic development needs all the able-bodied people it can
' get. So these young people lacked a world their wealth would enable them to
acquire: "A world of euphoria... a te~mporary paradise, full of visions both
~ demonic and romantic." This is still fresh in our minds, since it started in
1981. In our No 2119, we saw that the perspicacity of our country's police
force enabled it to confiscate 17.5 kgs of cannabis and 3,500 doses bf tran-
, quilizer tablets worth Fr 1.5 million. As we regarded in our No 2189 of
1981--to mention ~ust two of many cases--the Mobile Brigade of the Bobo police
confiscated 7.530 grams of Indian hemp that year. The responsible persons
~ were punished. But this seems to have left the drug trade unscathed. Thus
' the Bobo Gendarmerie's~traffic prevention brigade has ~ust arrested five Indian
~ hemp pushers while seizing 326 kgs of Indian he~np worth 35 million CFA francs.
~ The credit for this fine haui and the blow dealt to drug addiction belongs to
Gendarmerie commander Lt Jean-Pierre Palm and his me.~ of the traffic preven-
~ tion division.
~ Five pushers were arrested. It all began with rumors about a disturbing
~ entry of drugs into Bobo-Diuolasso through a group of pushers led by, the
Ghanaian Steven Addai Mensa, 37 years old, who had been procuring drugs in
, Ghana for an international group of smugglers based in Cologne, in the FRG.
On 20 December 1981 these rumors were confirmed, and Deputy Gendartne Sam
('~oama Anatole of the traffic prevention division and his men went into action
~ iBanediately. Their energy soon led them to a suspect: Antianou Dembele,
. 27 years old, a citizen of Mali, a transporter by profession, who resided in
~ the Diarradougou section of Bobo-Dioulasso. He admitted having been offered
125,000 CFA francs to transport a number of packages containing drugs through
~ Mali. He was sorely tempted, but the deal was red hot and the gendarmes
~ were already on the trail. Antanou heeded the voice of reason and refused
~ this tempting offer without revealing anything about it to the suthorities.
The drug pushers, acting with the usual distrust and discretion of those who
; make their fortunes in this way, continued acting through mfddlemen, thus
; making things very difficult for Sam and his men. But thetr perseverance and
i ability led them to Drissa Sanogo, 36 years old, an Upper Voltan, a~ unskilled
1
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laborer and a member of the Bobo Transporters ~xade Union. He agreed to act
,3s a go-between in finding ano~her transporter. He was arrested on 29 December
1981 at 8 pm at the Da~ra-Bar. Following the trail from there was child's
play. Steven Addai Mensa, who was tfie brains of the group, a~mitted the acts
~mputed to him. This was clearly not his first crime. He had already brought
of f another drug deal that earned him the "trif ling sum" of 5~aillion CFA
francs. Illegal traffic, in particular drug traffic, is r~sky, but there are
enormous profits to be made. A man like Steven knows this. That is why he
did not hesitate to invest 2 million CFA francs in Indian he~up in Ghana to
meet the demands of his clients Adu James and Adama Ab3~tu, both residents of
the FRG. En route, the 326 kgs of hemp had to pass through Bobo on their way
to Mali, then Senegal. It is not always easy to make the necessary arrange-
ments. Many packages were involved, and enormous profits. One could not be
too greedy. That is why Steven--an old hand at the game--recruited King Koffi
- Assante, 28 years old, a Ghanaian who sold beauty products in Bobo-Dioulasso's
Sikasso-Cira section, as an assistant. It should be emphasized that Diane
Mamadi agreed to transport the merchandise for 150,000 CFA francs, and Drissa
Sanogo kept the packages at home for 10,000 CFA ~rancs per night. The 35 mil-
lion CFA francs worth of Ind3:an hemp are now in the Bobo D~.olasso prosecutor's
- office, and since January 1982 the civil3an pr~son has had smne new guests from
the drug world.
Police Vigilance .
Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 4 Feb 82 pp 11-12
[Excerpt] Drug addiction, heretofore unknown :Ln Upper yol,ta, has been ga~ning
ground here in recent years. Drug dealers saw in Upper Volta--~a calan enclave--
an ideal place for their business. Lying at an international crossroad of
major overland routes, Upper Volta was destined to #eel the aff luence of drug .
dealers from Senegal, Ghana, Togo and even Nigeria if the population was
receptive to drugs and if the narcotics squad at national police headquarters
could not meet the challenge.
- In the capital alone, the narcotics squad at national police headquarters
arrested a number of people and consigned them to justice: about 50 people,
including about 30 men, were consigned to justice; 75 kgs of h~mp, cannabis,
etc, were seized, as were 90,000 doses of psychotropic substances.
The drug dealers, thus thwarted, deserted the capital and the eastern part of
the country and moved west. They did not reckon with the determination o~ the
national police and the national gendarmeries, who seized 7.53 kgs, 326 kgs,
and a dozen peopl~ in Bobo-Dioulasso. ,
As we have said, the people are not receptive to drugs, so one~does not find
pushers selling drugs in the streets, or hemp growers, among tt~em. But our
policemen must not relax their vigilance on this account; they know the
nefarious side of this phenomenon better than anyone else. At any rate we
have confidence in theml
9855
CSO: 5300/5686
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~
I
' DENMARK
POLICE CRACK DOWN ON 'CHICAGO-STYLE' COPENHAGEN DRUGS GANGS
Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Da.nish 14 Apr 82 p 2
[Article by Bent Bak Andersen]
[Text] Uuring the last 2 yeaxs, the Copenhagen suburban police districts have
been intensifying their efforts to combat the grourin~ tra~fic in narcotics.
"It had gradually become so in Albertslund that all young people laiew that they
merely had to visit the youth center Morb~rhaven Cthe Mulberry Gardens~ if they
wanted to purchase hashish. Our investigation started in the fall of 1981, and,
so far, 25 pushers, who have sold at least 50 kilos of hashish at the youth center,
have been charged. At present, five persons have been arxested in the case," says
Tom Beck, detective superintendent, Glostrup.
' The persons charged in the case are not members of any well-organized network of
' pushers but simply young people who themselves smoke hashish. To get money for
_ their next purchases, they sell from tneir supplies of hashish to other users.
! "We consider it a major preventive job seelQng to eradicate the hashish traffic in
our police district. Of course, there will always be new ones ready to take over
the market, but the young people will now find out that we w:ill not tolerate any
violations of the narcotics laws and the laws governing the use of euphoriants,"
says Tom Beck.
"We, moreover, hope that we may help some young people avoid getting into the
narcotics environment. Here, I particularly have in mind the people who ~'smoke
~ hashish in company.' When they learn that their suppliers have been arrested, or
the area in which they live has been made dry, as far as drugs are concerned, we
' hope that they will give up the doubtful enjoyment of smoking themselves into
- maladjustment," the detective superintendent says. ~
;
~ In the course of the investigations, several of those charged have told the police
about the almost 'Chicago-style' conditions prevailing in Morbeerhaven.
' So far, two bandits from one of th~ loc&1 gan~s have been imprisoned fnr robbing
several of the pushers charged with traffic in narcotics. The bandits offered
the pushers protection and convinced the pushers that they needed protection by
! beating them up.
~
~
~ 34
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"The investigations and the cle~ring up of the environment Hri.thin our police
district continue, and we hope that an increasing number of people will help
us by telling us about these hashish ghettos, so that young people will not be
tempted or lured into somathing which may eventually bring the young people
into something even worse, such as hard drugs, and thus also pave the wa.y for
crimes in order for them to procure money for. their drugs.'~
In 1981, a total of 81 persons were charged in the Glostrup police district with
violations of the strict narcotics law of the criminal code, which is the third
largest number in the Danish police districts. In addition, there were 203
~ violations of the law governing the use of euphoriants, which is the fifth
largest nwnber in Denmark.
7262
Cso: 5300/2274
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~
DENMARK
I
~
! POLICE OFFICIAL DISCUSSES DRUG SMUGGLING, ARREST PATTERNS
~
+ Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 11 Apr 82 p 8
j
' [Article by Bent Bak Andersen]
i
~ [Text~ "I have a quiet dream that we would be given a chance to take cases
; up again half a year after a severely sentenced narcotics criminal has been
j released. For a person who has been involved in organized drug trafficking
~ once never gets away from it again," said police magistrate Michael Lyngbo.
i
~ The bitter experience of the police and the prosecuting authorities shows
j that it is the same criminals one finds time after time behind the inter-
i national traffic in the criminal world--and this is probably especially true
~ of narcotics crimes where the goods are so easy to sell.
i
I "If we could take up the case of a released narcotics criminal half a year--
or perhaps even sooner--after his release, we could in many instances crack
I down much sooner on gangs. With the aid of a lot of desk work and talking
~ back and forth with Danish police divisions and foreign colleagues, we can
j quickly determine whether a released criminal is in circulation again. One
example is the recently sentenced Greek, Georgis Kyramis. In 1970 he was
sentenced to a year in prison, in 1975 he was sentenced to 1 year and 7
months and the last time he was sentenced to 9 years in prison--in all these
cases he was sentenced for dealing in narcotics. As soon as he was released
and expelled from Denmark in 1977 he went to Holland--Amsterdam--where he
settled in and used the sources he had met in Danisi: prisons along with his
old colleagues--and had an easy time selling heroin tc. the Danish market,"
said Michael Lyngbo.
For all of 1981 and up to 1 April of this year, jury cases were heard or
prepared against 35 people in Ostre Hig!: Caurt--most of them accused of
smuggling in large quantities of heroin or cocaine. Jury cases are those in
which the prosecuting authorities are asking for prison sentences of at least
6 years. Of the 35 people accused--and in some cases sentenced--only four
were Danish. The rest were foreigners--primarily Turks and Greeks.
"It is typical o� these two nationalities as well as of Pakistanis that they
work in national organizations. It is extremely seldom that they include
- 36
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people of other nationalities in their organizations, while for example
Yugoslavs belong to groups consisting of inembers from several lands," said
Michael Lyngbo.
But the entire international narcotics criminal world is extremely well-
organized and well-prepared.
"If we arrest a courier or make a number of arrests in which we get our hands
on a large part of the dealer network, new organizations are always ready to
step in. For example, if a narcotics buyer does not receive a shipment--
perhaps because the police arrested the courier--a new delivery can be ob-
tained in a few hours--just by calling up the contact in Amsterdam through
which most of the hard drugs for all of Europe pass, or in another European
city and ordering a new shipment which theoretically can arrive in Denmark a
few hours after the police have arrested the first courier," said police
magistrate Michael Lyngbo. ~
Last year, 148 young Danes died as a result of drug abuse.
6578
CSO: 5300/2275
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,
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i DII~TMARK
!
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;
BRIEFS
~ FINN SOLD HASHISH, SENTENCED--Copenhagen- Four yeaxs in prison was the sentence
for 26-yeax-old Finnish woman Tarja Niemi for having sold hashish for more than
' 1 million marks in Chr~stiania. The sentence, handed down earlier by the City
' Court, was upheld on Friday by Oster Landsret (the Court of Appeal). Four years
; in prison is a stiff sentence in Denmark, where terms longer than 2 or 3 years
axe avoided. However~ Tarja Niemi had participated in bringing into the country
~ 200 kilograms af hashish, all of which was sold in Christiania a few months o.
~ ~igyn Alenius~ ~ext~ I-Ielsinki HUFVUDSTADSBLADET in Swedish 27 Mar 82 p 10
119~9
NARCOTICS POLICE TO PERU--The Ministry of Justice will, within the next few days,
receive a request from the Commissioner of Police to the effect that a Danish
narcotics crime expert be posted in South America. He will probably be given
permanent quarters in Lima, the capital of Peru, where he is to try to expose
some of the many organizations which export large quantities of cocaine to the
Nordic countries. CText~ [Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 7 Apr 82
p 2J ?262
CSO: 5300/2274
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i
` FINLAND
~
FINNISH PAPER REPORTS ON DRUG-SML~GLING INTO NORDIC AREA
Helsinki HUFV'JDSTADSBLADET in Sttedish 29 Mar 92 p 14
~rticle by Stefan Lundberg: "Drugs Stream Across Unguarded B orders"
~ext~ The year was 1975. Three young women~ ~innish women~ stood on the steps
leading down to a door in a sidestreet to the notorious Istedga,d.e, the heroin
street, in Copenhagen. They were filthy with old dirt~ as were the two children
who clung to the skirt of one of the women, The women were prostitutes, two of
them also drug addicts by injection, one obviously seriously alcoholic. Today
at least t'~ro of them are dead, according to the statistics.
These are a"consequential phenomenon," just as their thousand.s of sisters who
' have succeeded them in Copenhagen's heroin quaxter. A consequential phenomenon,
because they are the visible part of the gigantic international narcotics tra.d.e
which is happening to Denmark.
A considerable gortion of tlie drugs used both in the Nordic countries and on the
world market passes throu~h Denmark and Copenhagen. ~
The prostitution and misery openly displayed on the street behind the Central
Station in Copenhagen is of course shocking, and the "junk pusher," the heroin
_ seller~ is the most despised of the despised, but these are only the crumbs of
the heroin cake that have dropped on the way to the big markets from the tables
_ of the rich.
In the fashionable residential sections outside Copenhagen~ xhere blue-black
Mercedes cars glide around, no drugs are to be seen, but they are there, behind
the f acade .
Unguard.ed Border
- The naxcotics stream into the Nordic countries by land, by sea and by air. When
the police try to block one channel, the drug stream flows along new furrows.
Controls at the ma.jor airports and in the ma,jor ports taa.ve been tightened~ so
the couriers seek new routes.
One way of bringing narcotics into Swed.en from Denmark or Holland~ for example,
is to use small pleasure craft. The pleasure craft traffic between the small
. ,
39 ~
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~
.h
~
~
Q ,1 ~ W
: . /
~ ~./~v ~
O i'��~
. ~ �
i ~
~ ~
~ ~
. ~
i ~ :~1 .
i ~ ~
` ~ � ~ .
t
i 1
i ~
i ~
i
� ~ 1
~ ~f ~
~
r %
1 ~
1 ~
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t
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/
~ ~y i
. ~
- ; Stock- ~ D ~9f
holm
~ Ggte-
J or ~
_ ~~o
~
; Kopen_ hamn ' ~
~
This is how the drugs travel in the Nordic area. Most of wha,t comes to Finlazrl
goes back out 3.nto the world. F3:nland is only a transit country. ~
- coastal cities of Jutland and the Swedish west coast or Norway is pra,ctically
impossible to control. The Swedish coa,st guard is xell aware of the extent of
the smuggling by boat, since it has seized several large shipments en route to
Sweden. One group of Norwegians ~rere caught sailing hashish from Morocco to
B ohuslan.
40 �
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~ ~
~
i
~ Once the narcotics have reached Oslo~ for example, it is simple to get them into
; Sweden. Border crossings in Varmland and Bohuslan are often unmanned. The cou-
~ rier comes to a sign which asks him to contact such and such an authority if he
} has anything to declare
i Mobile police patrols are trying to keep smuggling under control, but it is ].ike
trying to find a pin in a haystack.
~ The police have often found large shipments in cargo ships on their way up, for
; example from Rotterdam in Holland.
i
; The ship's officers ha.ve become tougher since the narcotics smuggling began, the
head of the narcotics division in Gothenburg, Lennart Lindman, says.
; "Last yeax, after crew members on board ships owned by the Nordstjernan line were
~ caught for drug smuggling, it happened tha,t officers notified police after find-
~ ing 300 kilograans of marijuana in the ship's hold outside Rotterdam."
The Dutch Supply
In contrast to Stockholm, Gothenburg has no heroin problem, but all the more
prnblem with amphetamines. The Dutch and Italians take care of the supply.
_ Most of it arrives by air or car. Previously. when a car ferry operated on the.
Gothenburg-Amsterdam line~ that channel was used. The route has not been oper-
, ated for some time, but service will begin again this spring.
"Then this wretched business will probably start again," Lindman says.
i
~ The ferry line between Fredrikshavn in Denmark a^3 Gothenburg is also a well-
frequented channel for the supply of narcotics. The ferries leave every hour.
' Six months ago the Gothenburg Folice caught an amphetamine gang of six Finns.
The capture took place in cooperation with the Finnish naxcotics division. A1-
though the people caught were considered fairly big in the business, the Finns
~ axe not believed to play a major role in Nordic drug trafficking. At least not
; as big as a few years ago, when several Finnish drug kings were capt~ed. and put
behind bars in Sweden.
'Heroin Tourists'
' For some inexplicable reason, heroin is not a problem in Gothenburg, but very
~ much so in both Stockholm and Malmo.
The heroin deliveries reach Sweden from various directions. Some of them come
from Holland, where heroin is kept stored and distributed to the world. Most of
it~ in any case, comes from Turkey~ Lebanon and Bangkok. The majority of the
shipments axe brought to Europe by air. Both couriers and tourists are respons-
ible for the supply.
Most of the heroin enters Sweden via Denmaxk--concealed in cars.
41
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At the narcotics division in Stockholm one is toda,y worried about the increase
in the nwnber of Fi.nnish heroin users as well. This also means tha,t the heroin
contacts with Finland will get a stronger foothold.
Passes Through Finland
A laxge amount of drugs, hard drugs as well~ are reported to arrive in Finland~
_ although ?~ot much is said on the subject. This involves na.rcotics which have
never been intended for the Finnish market. Among other things~ couiiers bring
the drugs acro~s the unguard.ed borders between Finland~Torway-Sweden in the
north.
The naxcotics axe driven to Helsinki and are thereafter s~ent out to their final
destination. The reason for the maneuver is that the shipments then nrigina,te
from a new country- Finland. And in the big world Finland is not regarded as a
drug supplier, but increasingly as a transit country for hard ciri~gs.
Five Percent Are Caught
According to the same source as referred.to above~ only an insigni.ficant portion
are caught by customs or police. It is calculated that a maximiun of five per-
cent of the world's contraband narcotics end up in the hands of the authorities;
for Finland, the figure may be even lower.
The well-known former drug prosecutor in Finland, district attorney Jorma,Seise
(who handled~ among other things, the largest heroin case in our country), is of
the opinion that the drug problem is considerably worse in our country than what
the statistics on confiscation show.
Seise is critical of the police with res~ect to cooperation.
"There ought to be an integrated organization, at least in the area of the capi-
tal city. Now, the Helsinki police work in their axea, the Esbo police~in
theirs~ and no one can cross the city limits and enter the other one's terri-
tory," Seise says.
ii9~9
cso: 53oo/2z~r
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~ ~ FINLAND
i
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~ .
;~l POLICE STUDYING RAPID INCREASE OF DRUGS IlJ NORTH
; Hels~nki HUFVUDSTADSBLADET in Swedish 19 Max 82 p 20
~
~ ~rticle: Drug Problems Have Reached Lapland as Well"
i
i jex~ Today there are more than 100 narcotics criminals in Kemi. No one knows
; yet how many more there are. But even this number shows that the naxcotics �
; problem has definitely got a grip on Lapland. And to such an extent and with
j such force that it surprised even the police. Naxcotics investigations are now
; in progress in Kemi and Tornio, and sergeant Pauli Partanen, who head.s the Kemi
' investigation, hopes that one will gradually obtain a clearer picture of just
how serious the situa.tion really is.
~
~ The investigations initiated by the police in Kemi at the end of November were
staxted as a result of a tip "from a well-informed source," as Partanen puts.
i it. It was not a question of a cLtrect accusation ~ only informa,tion that all
I drug traffic in Kemi is increasing and increasing rapidly.
I
! The police went to ~rork, and what has been discovered so far is quite frighten-
; ing: maxijuana~ hashish and amphetamine is being smuggled from Sweden to the
market in Kemi and in the rest of Lapland. partanen does not want to elaborate
~ on the size of the smuggled quantities~ but he states that a few large amounts
; have been confiscated. There axe indications that at least some of the smug-
gling takes place under organized forms and by professionals.
;
But the picture of the "average ~muggler" looks a little different. He--for in
the majority of cases it is definitely a he--is a person of about about 20 years
of age. He works or has worked in Sweden and came in contact with drugs there.
~ He comes home and offers his friends and acquaintances "a taste," and this is
; how the abuse spreads like ripples on water.
; "It is mainly by this route that smuggling takes place and drug abuse begins.
B ut there axe also indications of traffic in the other direction," sergeant
Partanen says .
"It is lucky that we have the good cooperation be~ween the Finnish and Swedish
police that we have. Information and experience are exchanged~ and we fight the
drug criminals with joint efforts regardless of what side of the bord.er they
happen to be on." .
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If the smuggler is aroun~ 20 years old, the same also applies to the addict. A
few years ago the police in Kemi even ca~ne in contact with 13-year old a,ddicts,
but Partanen reports that there is no longer any addiction among children of
that age. On the other hand, drug abusers occur in all ao~ial layers. .Addicts
axe found among academically educated as well as among the uneducated and unem-
ployed..
It is essential for those who ha,ve entered the vicious circle of drug addiction
to obtain money for drugs. For they are not cheap. A day's supply of hash3.sh
costs about 150 marks, maxijuana 200 marks and amphetamine about 300 marks.
"For those who are really slaves to the ha.bit the costs mean, of course, that
the money can't be obtained in an honest marmer," Partanen stresses.
"The result is that dxug crimes lead to crimes against property. But fortunate-
ly there are very few persons in Kemi who are so dependent on the drugs that
they would have to commit a crime against property."
One of the reasons for that ray of light in the shadowy world of drugs is surely
� that no heroin smugglers were found during the investigations. But the Kemi po-
lice nevertheless do know of a few heroin users, as well as of a feN tragic
cases of LSD use.
"When you try an LSD trip~ you never know what you get into. In Kemi we know
tha,t there are people who still~ years after trying it~ without forexarning ase
forced to take surprising trips. The LSD circulates, so to speak~ in the body
and the trip comes when it comes~" Paxtanen expTains. ~
Despite the opinion of sergeant Pauli Partanen tha,t the situa,tion in K emi is
known and that the riarcotics market has calmed down considerably due to police
action, he warns against a false sense of security that the situa,tion is under
control.
~~Drug crime must still be actively fought. This is why we in the naxcotics in-
vestigation are still continuing with our work. But we can't manage without the
- help and assistance of the public. I hope that everyone will realize tha,t nax-
cotics crime is not only a problem for the police. It is a problem for all in-
habitants and for all of society," Partanen emphasizes.
That society may perha,ps not feel its responsibility enough is evidenced by the
fact that subsequent caxe is conspicous by its absence, practically speaking.
After the addict and~or smuggler has been released by the police, he or she is
left totally alone. And for many it means that the step back toward crime and
new visits to the police is very short.
"Society should create a network of contact persons who would be willing to sup-
port someone who has messed up his life. That wo~a].d be profitable in many ways.
Both ~conomically and otherwise~" Partanen says.
- cso 9 53oo/zz54 ~
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F
~
(
~
f
~
i NORWAY
i .
f
(
~
f
i
;
!
i POLICE CLEARING UP COUNTRY'S Bt`GGEST AMPHETAMINE CASE
, Oslo DAGBLADET in Notwegian 26 Mar 82 p 9 ~
[Article by Helge Amotsbakken: "Gigantic Narcotics Seizure On Norwegian"]
[Text] The Norwegian narcotics policeare now in the process of uncovering the so
far greatest amphetamine case here in this country. The exposure takes place after
a 32-yearold Norwegian was seized with 1.5 kg amphetamine ir~ Goteborg before the
weekendo The stuff is worth at least 4 million krone~ on the open market.
The Norwegian bought the stuff in Amster.dam. He was seized when he was about to go
on shore from the Danish boat and has admitted the facts of the situation. The
' police suspect that he has carried out a larger number of similar smuggling trips in
the last couple of years.
The 32-year-old man, who is from Molde, traveiled with a rented car to Amsterdam
' last Tuesday. After two days stay in the Netherlands he arrived in the ferry harbor
~ in Goteborg on Friday morning.
i The ma n was se i zed i n a pu re rou t i ne con t rol by Swed i s h cu s toms agen ts when he was
' about to go on shore from the shipo The customs agents became suspieious when he
stepped out of the car, because the man had the stuff taped to his body, which the
; custans agents observed by looking at him.
Two investigators from the,narcotics department at Oslo police headquarters travelled
down to Goteborg immediately when the report ebout the arrest ceme. The 32-year-old
man had been detained fbr questioning in Goteborg until he was brought to Oslo '
i yesterday afternoon. He was presented in the magistrate's court today, with
' request that he be kept in custody for $ weeks with no letters and visitors allowed.
i
~ According to v~~hat DAGBLADET has found out, the 32-year-old man has made a larger
~ number o` trips abroad during the last two or three years. It probably involves
' three to four trips annually. However, tfie policeare very reserved with information
in view of the intense lnvesttgation which now is being carried out.
Taken With 1.5 Kg of A`mphetamines on His Body ~
~ "What i can say.is that we suspect that he may f~ave carried.out a series of such ~
trips in the last couple of yearso I cannot di5cuss in fuF'ther de.ta.il whethe.r .
i other people are involved, but it is probably natural to believe that in cases like
I
~
~ 45
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l_,, .
` ~y
5 ~}c ~ d Y
x~ x~~,,~~~~` q A
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~'k ~ ...y~5.~: 'r+:'k.5.. 3
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r ry.
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k.t�. . :
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Many people try.to smuggle narcotics in tl~is way:~ The stuff is taped to the~back
o~ to other places on the body.
(Photograph: Odd Wentzel) ~
this one it dces not involve one man alone," police inspector Vidar Helgheim at
Osio pol ice headquarters. tel ls DAGBLADETe
The seizure is suprisingly large, even on a nordic scale. For. camparison during
all of last year 1.07 kg ~f amphetamine was seized here~in this country,.while in
. 1980 the figure.was scarcely 300�grams,. It i~s,estimated that the 1.5 kg are worth
at leaSt 4 millian kroner on the~Qpen nar~otics market in Os1o,. A�gram of amphet-
dmine can be�diluted to as much as eight doses. A dose is usually paind with
� 300-350 krs~ner. ~
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1
i "The seizure in Gotebprg is a new, good examp~le of the effective nordic police and
~ customs collabora.tion which we naw have. We:have deliber�ately worked on making
~ the effort at special check points in Sweden and Denmark.more.effective, and this
~ ~ives resultso"
i
~ It is the chief of the narcotics police, police inspector Arne Huuse, who t~11s
, DAGBLADET this.
i
1
~ "We believe it is at least as important to stop the stuff at these points as it is
~ to stop it inside Norway's borders. (n one way we are tal~king about some kind of
~ an external defensee It is very encouraging that the work with this now gives
~ such results," continued Huuse.
~
"Whe re dces the amphetami ne come f ran?"
i "More than half of what is sold here in thts country originates precisel,y from
; Amsterdamo The import paths vary, but the ferry from Fredrikshavn to Goteborg is
probably most used for such things."
' "Where is the amphetamine used most in Norway naw?"
, "In t he eastern pa rt of the country and along the southern coast.~ The consumption
has spread violently in recent months and indicates a further hardening in the
narcotics environment here at home," says Arne Huuse.
895$
CSO: 5300
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~ NORWAY
INVESTIGATION REVEALS WIDESPREAD DRUG USE ON OIL PLATFORMS
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Non~vegian 3 Apr 82 p 8
[Article by Thorleif Andreassen: "'Open' Smuggling Channels For Narcotics In The
North Sea"] ~
[Text] It is far too easy to smuggle narcotics to the oil platforms.~ The controT
measures are too poor. They must be improved.~ The most used smuggling channels
are personal and mai 1 shipments wi th hel icopters and goods transport with boat.
This is evident from a prel iminary report on the control measures `to and from the
oil platforms in the North Sea. According to what AFTENPOSTEN has found out, 185
persons in Stavanger are suspected of using or selling narcotics on the platforms.
How many are suspected of such ~elationships from other towns will naw be clarified
by the pol i ce. ~
Last yea r when it was found out that there was narcotics abuse on Worwegian oii
platforms, Minister of Justice Mona Rokke appointed a public investigations committee
under the leadership of chief of police in Stavanger, Ca rl Wendt. In the report
the committee proposes a series of ineasures in order to eliminate the narcotics
traff i c.
The goods transport to and fran the continental shelf is carried out atmost ex-
clusively with boats today. In the catering service and among the operators a
control stage has been established when the goods a re packed in containers. But
no control for narcotics is carrted out. A corresponding control stage has not been
established for goods which the contractor and subcontractor companies send off shore.
The committee points out that the channels are therefore completely open for smuggling.
The personnel transport to and from the installations takes place mostly with heli-
copters. It is the helicopter bases at Bergen and Stavanger whi~ch are being used.
The�report therefore specifies that the personnel and baggage control at these
bases is therefore of great intereste
In contrast to the airports, public authorities have no responsibility for the
control of pe rsonnel at the two heliports. The operator companies are responsible
for the control and have hired a guard company to perfornn this service. However,
the report establishes that this control is no.t sufficiently effective: With
the 1 imi tations which the guard.. personnel.:are.subject to in thei r service, there ~
are obvi~ously rel~a;tively ~ew possibilities:for finding narcoti~cso
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~
i
I , ~
According to the Gommittee the guard:company.shauld be.prov.ided more..suitable premises
and givan more.thorough trafning.. "A be~ter~collabora,fiion.should. be started between
; the g~ard company and police,~customs and the operators'.security serviceo Customs
; and police should~in .the~future pa.rticipate in the security cantrol. Th~se
departments have files on narcotics abusers and can carry out a more thorough
~ cont rol of pe rsonne 1," �
From the report it is clear that mail which is sent through the operators is subject
to very 1 i ttle control . A study is now b~ing made to determine whether x-ray
equipment should be used to reveal if there are narcotics in tha envelopeso
The report contains the following sensational information: Mail which the sender
del ivers directly at the heliport is not subject to any form of controll
The p re 1 i m i na ry report on na rcot i cs t ra ff i c to. and f ran the North Sea g i ves a
clear picture: The smuggl ing channels are sensationally open.
895~
, CSO: 5300
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-
NORWAY
RESEARCiiER REFUTES POLICE OFFICIAL'S VIEWING OF DRUG WORLD
Oslo DAGBLADET in Norwegian 31 Mar 82 p 9
[Article by Pal T. J~rgensen: "What Is the Truth About Narco-Norway?"]
_ [TextJ "1Jarcotics war" has broken out between Police Inspec-
tor Arne Huuse, head of the police narcotics section, and
Ragnar Hauge, research chief at the State Institute of Alcohol
Research.
iJorwegian mass media--with the good help of Arne Huuse--have
created an extreme and exaggerated picture of the drug situa-
- tion in Norway, according to Hauge.
"Hauge is trivializing the seriousness of.the use of narcotics
and putting out veiled insinuations against.the police," says
Arne Huuse.
The "war"'between research chief Hauge and Police Inspector Huuse started with
an article by Hauge in the periodical STOFFMISBRUK [Drug Abuse]. In it the
research chief asserted that the idorwegian people have been given a biased
picture of the drug situation here in Norway. A picture that is greatly exag-
gerated and that is based mostly cn information from the police.
With the aid of research results Hauge~ describes a wholly different narcotics
situation from that which has been ac:;epted as'the truth heretofore. ~auge
drew the following conclusions:
a The use of narcotics has stagnated since the middle of the 1970's.
~ Smuggling of.narcotics is done by the users themselves. There is no evidence
that international rings are behind narcotic sales in Norway.
� Most of those who get into drug use quit after a short time.
� Narcotics users are recruited among young people,who traditionally have great
social problems.
~ The police narcotics section has unparalleled personnel strength. At the same
time the narcotics police are allowed to use methods of investigation that would
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i
_ ~
i be regarded~as illegitimate in other fields. That is dangerous.
~ Police Inspector Arne Huuse reac~ed very strongly to Hauge's article. "A very
unfortunate move. Hauge wants to trivialize the seriousness of the abuse of
; narcotics. He is making veiled insinuations against the police," was Huuse's
~ response. The police inspector points out that there are 100,000 narcotics user~
in Norway, that the abuse is i�ncreasing, that professional smu,~,glers are bring-
~ ing the narcotics to Norway, and that the users are not ~ust society's losers,
~ but also come from so-called "good h4mes."
I
; Research chief Hauge tells DAGBLADET that he is sticking to what he wrote in
~ his article in spite of Huuse's crass answer.
I "Huuse cannot have read my article properly. Besides, I am surprised at the
police inspector's almost personal attack on me," says Hauge.
"My point of view is that we must get a true description of the narcotics situ-
ation in Norway. That is the prerequisite for the best narcotics policy. And
what I did was to point out that there is an alternative picture to the one that
is presented in the mass media. That the situation probably is not so simple as
it is often represented to be.
"What I did in my article was to call attention to the research findings that
are available on the narcotics situation. That material is relatively limited,
so that it is hard to say anything certain about what the true reality is.
But on the basis of the research results that do exist I will say that it is a
~ distorted picture that has been presented up to now."
"Huuse insists that you are trivializing the narcotics problem with research
material that you say yourself is too poo~. Is that so?"
~ "Trivializing is Huuse's word; I do not think it is that myself. The problem,
~ however, is that we have two types of data: infor~ation based on observations
by the police, parents, and others who are in contact with drug users. It is
: obviously a very selective picture that they give, not a correct picture of the
actual conditions.
I
; "On the other side we have research results that point in a somewhat different
direction. It must therefore be permissible to present an overall picture of
~ the information that is available without its being called trivializing," says
~ research chief Ragnar Hauge.
i 8815
' CSO: 5300/2269
i
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~
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i
- SWEDEN
i
~ POLIGE NARCOTICS INVESTIGATION METHODS DEBATED
i '
~
~ Stockholm 7 LIAGAR in Swedish 3 Max 82 pp 4-7
~ ~rticle by Mats Gezelius: "Suddenly Tougher Methods Were Needed"
i
; jext] "isn't it time to stop for a moment and reflect? It can't very well go
~ on like this."
;
i The debate about the new working methods of the police flared up after a report
~ that former drug criminals are used as police agents~ after the discovery that
~ without any actua,l discussion we axe in the process of getting a society i.n .
; which the polic~e may break into suspects' homes and plant hidden microphones,
~ at the prospect that the police authority, in order to hunt:down:conoea7.~ed .
criminal activity~ is a,~lowed to.subjec~3asge groups of people--in no way sus-~
pected of crime--to inquisitive scrutiny and extensive investigation of finan-
ces and social relationships
The case of Fleming Broman~ in which the police are using a former dsug crimi-
nal to catch a major drug dealer~ raised the aluestion of how far the police
should be allowed to go in order to apprehend, by provocation and infiltration,
a few "drug kings~" who very quickly Hill be replaced by new kings.
The Broma,n case also focused a great deal of interest on the proposal for "sec-
ret eavesdropping etc." which was subtaitted more than 3 months ago and which
so fax has mostly been discussed by the nation's lawyers. The Committee on
Coercive Measures, which submitted the proposal, is of the opinion that the
police arsenal should be increased by concealed microphones and television caja-
eras.
The Duty to Increase Protection
The Committee on Coercive Measures was appointed in 1978 by the then minister
of justice, Sven Romanus.
At that time, no more than 4 years ago, even the discussion on any expansion of
the investigative capability of the police was not of current interest. On the
contraxy, the committee's foremost task was to increase the ind3vidual's pro-
tection against the use of excessive authority.
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At the same time a study was underway at the National Police Board aimed. at
finding ways for the police to get at what they call modern, as opposed to tra-
ditiona,l~ crime. .
B reaking and entering, robbery~ murder and fraud aimed at an individual person
or company are examples c.f traditiona,l crime which the police use tradi.tional
methods to cleax up�-or even more commonly, when the perpetrator is unknoxn--
to shelve....
Spanark and ~panek
Among the modern crimes axe narcotics crimes, financial cri.mes, environmental
crimes and other forms of organized crime. Typical, of these crimes is that they
often affect large groups~ which~either ha,ve no intE~rest in reporting the crime,
such as the drug addicts on the street~ or discover Lhe crime when it is too
late and they have already experienced aftereffects of the discharge into the
air~ or are too numerous to be affected individually, such as the taxpayers. .
A number of working groups were appointed under the leadership of Esbjorn
Esbjornsson--section chief at the National Police Board--and with National Crim-
inal Police commissioner Tommy Lindstrom as secretary, among then the Spanek and
Spanaxk groups.
The Spanek report, which dealt with financial crimes, was compZeted in 1979�. A
central conclusion was that investigation must begin at a considerably earlier
_ stage, before the bankruptcy, before the money is in Switzerland....
The Spanaxk group, which completed its work in June of the following yeax~~
worked on narcotics investigation. In the report, the concept is further devel-
oped that the work of the police must be aimed at preventing and tracing crime
instead of sittin~ with crossed arms, waiting for a cri:me to be reported--the
drug shipment should be stopped before it arrives in Sergels Square.
This early investigation, called intelligence procedure in police la~guage, is
conducted by a special unit of about 30 investigators at the National Criminal
Police. Their task will be to keep an eye on "potential criminal constellations
and activities in society" and to follow up tips from the general public or from
its "stable" of stool pigeons and informers. .
Broman Case Foreseen
Systema.tic use of informers with criminal contacts is one of the unconventional
methods which Esbjornsson-Lindstrom wanted to use in order to reach the hard-
core, hidden, criminal world. The Spanaxk report also contains discussion of
how the police~ directly or through others~ can infiltrate gangs and provoke
evidence, for exa,mple by purchasing a drug shipment which the police know will
be in the possession of a suspect....
Thus, all of the elements in the case of Fleming Broman~ the former drug dealer
who turned police agent, were foreseen in the report.
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~
; It is also in the Spana.rk report that the police for the first time bring up
the need for having the capability of eavesdroppi~g o~-conversations other
: tha,n telephone conversations and to use hidden t.elevision cameras to investigate
primarily dxug criminals.
~ the Spanark group submitted its findings to the National Police B oard. The
latter laxgely agreed with the group's conclusions and passed the report on to
Hakan Winberg (Conservative~~ who was minister of justice at the time~ at the
~ end of 1980.
At the beginning of 1981 Hakan Winberg responded to the police communication.
He stated that there are no legal obstacles for the police to provoke evidence
, by purchasing drugs, which would otherwise have been sold to someone else. On
' the other hand, he determined that the police must not under any cirewnstances
permit themselves to sell drugs in order to obtain evidence.
Completed in 9 Months
He left the questions of electronic eavesdropping and television surveillance
to the C ommittee on Coercive Mea~~ares~ which thus originated. in order to study
the possibility of increasing the protection of the individual's integrity. He
believed that "this involves problems similax to those already b~ing deliberat-
ed" by the committee.
And the police, who saw the na.tion afloat in drugs and realized that the pres-
ent wiretapping methods were not sufficient~ believed there was a need for
' haste. They got the minister's support and great sympathy from the committee,
i and not quite 9 months later the proposal~ which will soon form the basis for
' the legislation, was ready.
If the committee gets its way~ the police will be allowed to eavesdrop with the
~ a.id of concealed microphones under the same circumstances as telephone wire-
tapping is carried out tod.a.y (see a separate article on dru~ crimes and tele-
phone tapping). The secret microphones may be used in order to bug a suspect~
provided that the crime is aggravated (carries at least a 2~year prison sen--
tence) and that the bugging could lead to acquisition by the police of informa-
, tion "of paxticular importance to the investigation," which they would not be
able to obtain in any other way.
, Eavesdropping Is a Double Crime
In the Instrument of Government, the Swedish constitution~ the freedom of ~ri-
~ vacy is established, that is to say the right, among other things, to be pro-
tected from eavesdropping or aoncealed svrveillance in the home. Electronic
eavesdropping by means of a spy transmi~ter. placed in the home const3.tutes a
double crime aga3.nst this basic principle--party because of the bugging itself,
and partly because the police must secretly enter the home in order to plant the
secret microphone.
"Should the police actually commit crime in order to fight crime," the critics
wonder.
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"It is not a question of committing any crimes. The idea of the new legisla-
tion is precisely to legal.ize this important aid, so tha,t it may be useci com-
_ pletely lawfully and under control~~~ Esbjorn Esbjornsson says.
Right now the bill of the Committee on Coercive Measures is at the Department of
Justice. Last Monda,y the period for submitti~ng opinions expired, but several
weighty advisory bodies had not yet expressed their viewpoints, among them the
National Police Board and the B ax Association.
- Several weighty advisory bodies are critical of the proposal for secret eaves-
dropping and in any event want to limit this for use only in narcotics crimes
and crimes against national security. Another viewpoint repeated throughout
the responses is that the legislation can be made provisional or be put off com-
pletely until the Commission on Coercive Measures has finished its work.
BRA Critical
- The police and the prosecutors, with certain exceptions, in general take a posi-
tive attitude on the possibility of the police to utilize concealed microphones
and emphasize that these must be allowed to be used during the preliminary in-
vestigation l~efore anyone is yet "reasonably suspected" and according to the law
must be notified that he is a suspect. On the whole they axe of the opinion
that the use of electronic eavesdropping and television surveillance must not
be surrounded by too many restrictions.
The Crime Preven+ion Council (BRA) is one of the voices of criticism. BRA
- questions whether there is ac~tually a need for such drastic and immediate mea-
sures and indicates that the description by the police of the development of
crime is misleading and exaggerated.
The Study on Freedom of Expression does not think it :is urgeni; to change the
1aw, and the Swedish Union of Judges is of the opinio;z that t'ne pro~~osal is an
incomplete provisional measure.
Why so Urgent?
Many advisory bodies and others who have commented on the proposal pose the
question of what has made it so urgent all of a sudden to give the police their
new powers. They wonder what has happened in the last few years that caused
such drastic, a few yeaxs ago totally inconceivable, measures to.be rushed
through the levels of study, submission for opinion and legislation.
As eaxly as the beginning of the 1970's the police were given the opportunity of
expressing their opinion on the need for concealed electronic eavesdropping.
- When the Instrument of Government in 1975 for the first time expressly prohib-
ited eavesdropping, the~police had no objection.
"The situa.tion was different in the beginning and middle of the 19?0's. We had.
succeeded in dealing a blow to the amphetamine import and the criminal world was
not organized in the same way. We simply didn`t believe that we would have to
use bugging," Esbjorn Esbjornsson says.
55
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1
;
~
1 ~
He describes the gangs of today, Which are nearly impossible for the police to
_ penetrate with traditional methods. They often consist of foreign citizens~
often with entirely di.fferent cultural patterns and st~ong family ties. These
~ groups are almost impossible to infiltra,te, and it ha,s turned out to be very
~
~ difficult to recruit informers within the group.
Those who are critical of the police stra,tegy maintain tha.t the police are
taking the wrong path. Tha,t they are trying, while spending unreasona,ble r$-
sources, to cut an edge off the drug market instead of attacking it at the root,
~he driag addi~~~on the street~ "the only one xho is irreplaceable~in�the entire
driag chain," to use the words of drug professor Nils Bejerot.
r~,rtt .
' ii949
~ cso: 53oo/2z36
~
C
1
~
i
~
~
f
I
-I
~
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,
~
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i
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~
i
i
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~ ' .
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1
~
i
~
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~ 56
~
,
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SWEDEN
L~OPHOLES IN DRUG LAW BRING RELEASE OF ACCUSSID.SMUGGLERS
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 27 Mar 82 p 5
[Article bq Eva Ekselius]
[Text~ It was a revealing decision that will be of fundamental importance.
Judges and prosecuting attorneys were in agree~nent on the decision to acquit
a Swede and a Netherlander who had been convicted of f elony drug crimes in both
district court and the court of appeals. The Supreme Court decision points to
shortcomings in the narcotics law as well as in the evidence itself.
In November last year the district court sentenced each of the two accused men
to 3 years in prison. They were convicted of complicity in felony narcotics
crimes.
The two suspects were apprehended by police when one, the Swede, was delivering
24 0,900 kronor to the other, the Netherlander. Both were known to be in
contact with persons in Holland who are believ ed to be involved in organized
narcotics trade. For this reason, it could be assumed that the money was
involved in the purchase or sale of narcotics, according to the district court.
The court of appeals was of the same opinion and upheld the verdict of the ,
district court.
Now the Supreme Court has stated in its decision that it may indeed be con-
cluded that the two were involved in drug trade and that the money was part of
this trade, but the role of the two men in the transaction was unclear. It may
not be ruled out that their part in the drug trade was not punishable by law.
There are namely certain loopholes in the law. Purchasing or acquiring
narcotics is not against the law. It becomes a punishable offense only when
it can be proven that the purchase led to the possession of narcotics. Also,
_ g iv ing money to someone for narcotics that have already been delivered is not
punishable. It cannot even be called complicity in a narcotics crime.
In this case, both men hav e denied participation in any type of drug off ense,
bu t in the opinion of the courts they were unable to give any reasonable
explanation for the exchange of the money.
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,
~
Drug Money
The Supre~e Court is convinced that the money is connected to drug deals, but.
~ it could not rule out the possibilii:y that the men committed acts not covered
; by the def icient narcotice legislation.
The Crime Prevention Council (BRA), in a recently published report, drew
attention to loopholes in the law and presented a proposal to alter the
legislation. The proposal is now being discussed.
It is probable that the Supreme Court chose this case to conf irm and illustrate
, the loopholes in the law mentioned by the Crime Prevention Council.
"A person cannot be convicted simply because his~f riends are unsuitable."
This was the opinion of Goran Herner, one of the judges at the district court,
~ who disagreed with the ma3ority decision and considered the evidence
insuf f ic ient .
, Conviction
The prosecuting attorney could not indicate or prove what criminal act was
behind the monetary transaction.
But the ma~ority of the ~urors were of a different opinion. They voted in
' favor of conviction.
~ The deficiencies in narcotics laws have caused some uncertainty as to what
~ acts are punishable and wha.t is required for a conviction. In many cases the
~ jurors have been more inclined toward conviction than the president of the
court.
In this case the court of appeals upheld the ma3ority decision in the district
court, but as in the Riganakos case the courts have now stressed the importance
of a narrow interpretation.
' Inger Nystrom, director of the Chief State Prosecutor's Off ice, represented
~ the state at the Supreme Court.
~ "An extremely revealing decision," she said. "A positive review of the
current legal situation."
Our present law fails to respnnd to the current level of crime, she said. The
law was written before we had organized narcotics gangs.
i
Insuf f ic ient
Our present surveillance methods are insuff icient to produce evidence that
~ will hold up in court, she said, but sfie hopes for support from the proposal
of the Committee on Legal Measures.
~ - -
A new law plugging the loopholes would liave been suff icient for a conviction in
; this case, but present surveillance methods are insufficient to break all the
' links in the narcotics chain and convict all those involved.
~
; 9336 58
! CSO: 5300/2252
~
~ .
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SWE~II~i
- REGULATIONS FOR TELEPHONE TAPPING BY POLICE DESCRIBED "
Stockholm 7 DAGAR in Swedish 3 Max 82 p 7
~rticle by Claes Lofgrens '~~ugging--Surrounded by Secrecy"
~ext] Of those persons whose telephones were tapped last year 2?7 were sus-
- pected of aggravated nascotics crime. The corresponding figure for 1969 was 28.
Secret wiretapping has taken place for decades, but previously if affected al-
most exclusively a small number of persons suspected of espionage.
B ehind the increase in the nwnber of wiretappings lies the development of nar-
cotics crime. Is secret telephone t~,pping a threat to the right of the individ-
ual to protect his integxity or is it a necessary weapon in the fight against
organized crime?
It is difficult to know how effective the weapon is. The National Police Boaxd
surround the wiretapping issue with a wal~. of secrecy. In 1969 a temporary law
was passed which gave police the right to tap telephones when naxcotics crimes
were suspected. The law was limited in time a.nd its validity was extended for
1 yeax at a time by the Riksdag. In order for the politicians to be able to
form an opinion on the extension, the National Police Boaxd. was requir~d to
furnish a report on the number of wiretaps and their effectiveness.
The report is classified secret in all of its essential parts. Only the minis-
ter of justice~ a few leading officials at the Department of Justice and the
politicians nn the parliamentary committee which oversees the National Police
B oaxd have the right to see the report. It contains a detailed account of all
wiretapping activity, any indictments and verd~:ats of guil~.
The constitution guarantees the individual the right to private integrity and
in principle prohibits "the public side"--in this case the police--from secretly
eavesdropping on the citizens. However, the law allows for exceptions "only in
order to benefit purposes acceptable in a democratic society." The exceptiox~s
must be approved by the Riksdag.
In a temporazy law of 1969 which ceased to be valid on the last day of June last
yeax, it was enough to have suspicion of a narcotics crime in order to use tele-
phone tapping. But after an incr~ase in the terms of punishment for narcotics
crimes it was considered sufficient with the xules in the Code of Court Proce-
dure--suspicion of a crime which carries at least a 2-year se:~tence--in order to
59
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i
i
r
~
i meet the need for telephone tapping in narcotics investigations. Another pro-
; visional law of 1975 gives the police the right to tap tel~phones when foreign
I terrorism is suspected or in the investigation of a foreigner who is hiding in
order to avoid deportation.
! With the cessation of validity of the 1969 law, the obligation of the police to
report to the government ceased as well. Nevertheless~ in the last few days-
the National Police Board sent over a report on eavesdropping cases in narcot-
i ics inves~iga.tSnns for the second half of 1982 as well, when the requirement to
' report had ceased. "A cl~anliness requirement~"'says Tommy Lindstrom~ head of
~ the National Criminal Police.
~ The axgument of the Police Board for using secret wiretapping and potential new
; means of coercion in the future is tha.t narcotics crimes have both increased
~ and become more organized. The increase from 1979 to 1980 in reported drug
; crimes--22~500 to more than 60,000--is 163 percent. The figure is used as
- proof that secret wiretapping is needed.
~ B ut of the 6a,000 reported crimes only 1~500 resulted in prison terms. Of ~
' these, 400 recPived prison sentences exceeding 1 years and 17 persons prison
~ sentences exceeding 6 yeaxs. The allegation that naxcotics crime is on the in-
I crease presumes that the number of drug addicts is growing. Henrik Tham--a re-
searcher at the Crime Prevention Council--says to thata
! "During the latter half of the 1960's the number of drug addicts increased
; dramatically. There is no indication that the number has ir~creased since then."
i To the assertion that the criminal world has become more organized~ Tham sayss
"There are certainly tendencies. B ut the drug gangs are loosely organized and
i the persons at the top easily replaced. We scaxcely have any maffiao in the
i foreign sense. The problem for the police is perhaps above all tha.t the heroin
! trade has been taken over by foreigners. Then Swedish stool pigeons are use-
' less."
The number of telephone taps of persons suspected of naxcotics crimess
~ 19G9 z8 i976 ~
; i97o 39 1977 i22
! 1971 4~4 1978 102
; i972 34 1979 1~7
; 1973 46 198o zzo
1974 4~ 1981 277
i 975 ~2
11949
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SWEDEN
ARTICLE 'I'RACES ILLEGAL DRUGS FLOW~ DESCRIBES TRAFFICKING
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 15 Apr 82 p 54
[Article by Eva Ekselius]
[Text] Swedish narcotics criminality is not organized in any clear hier-
archy or even in any clear pattern. It consists of many people more or less
loosely or temporarily associated with each other, sometimes organized in
temporary "gangs." But the "gangs" overlap. Dealers, couriers and whole-
salers switch gangs or work for more than one. When one disappears, another
replaces it.
Narcotics crimes are considerably less organized than the prevailing con-
cept (as presented in the mass media and elsewhere) would suggest. But they
are still considerably more organized than traditiona~. crimes, which are
hardly organized at all.
This is connected with the fact that it does not require much capital to get
into the narcotics market, explained Dag Victor of the Justice Ministry who
looked into narcotics crimes at the request of the Crime Prevention Council.
The mark-up--the amount a seller adds to his own purchase price--is so big
that it quickly provides money for new purchases.
The important thing is not money but contacts. The leading people in.the
market are those who have the important contacts--with processors, suppliers,
couriers, wholesalers. Many of the important contacts are outside the coun-
try. A large part of all narcotics is smuggled into this country. '
MBC~y gangs are ethnic, they are made up of people of the same nationality.
Today Greek, TurKish and Swedish gangs predominate while in the past there
were Armenian, Arab and Chinese gangs, among others.
Heroin was brought in by people who had contacts in the parts of the world
where heroin is produced, explained Dag Victor. The Chinese had contacts in
the Golden Triangle (in Southeast Asia), the Armenians had contacts with
growers in Iran and Afghanistan, the Greeks, Turks and Arabs had contacts
with growers around the Mediterranean.
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~
~ -
~ _
i
j "But that~does not make them any more organized than other people who know
- each oxher," explained criminologist Leif G. W. Persson. "The person who
wants to import narcotics asks around among the people he knows when he
wants to w6rk with others. It is no more complicated than that."
~ -iii' .
j Holland--Transit Area ~
I
; Often it is foreigners who have contacts with growers and suppliers. The
' j Swedes come in at a later stage in the chain. They of ten have contacts in
; Holland, which acts as a large transit area in the narcotics trade.
~ The "big" S~aedes are those who have contacts that can deliver large quan-
tities of narcotics. Under them are a lot of buyers, dealers, street
~ pushers who buy a batch when they can find one and then redistribute it.
~ They seldom work under anyone, but usualYy operate independently. Those who
are called "kings" do not have a staff of subordinates either; they quickly
~ sell their imported batches to buyers who are already in the market.
' At the request of the municipality of Stockholm, Ingemar Rexed and Marie
~ Sesser tried to chart narcotics crimes in Stockhdlm. A report is given at
the end of the article concerning the results of their investigations.
Amount Too High
; Criminologists Leif Lenke and Hans Enroth have studied the finances of nar-
cotics crimes. They looked into claims that the narcotics traffic involved
sales of several billion kronor and soon discovered that this amount is much
I too high. A more realistic estimate of narcotics sales in Stockholm would
! indicate sales in the range of 30-40 million kronor.
' Leif G. W. Persson referred to the unrealistic figures quoted in connection
with the amount of drugs smuggled into the country.
There are between 10,000 and 14,000 hard drug~ addicts in this country
according to the state study into the extent of narcotics abuse (UNO).
~ According to Nils Bejerot the figure is at least 20,000. It can be assumed
i that several thousand of them are heroin addicts. Since a dose of heroin
~ weighs 0.1-0.2 grams, 1 hectogram of heroin (diluted to 50 percent strength,
; the customary practice) would be enough for 10-15,000 doses.
I
~ "There are simply not enough drug addicts in Sweden to use up the quantity
= i of drugs allegecl to exist here," he said.
I Leif Lenke has also found that the number of importers of drugs is such that
it can be quickly felt on the market when the police crack down on a sus-
pected "big" drugs criminal. Supplies dwindle, prices rise and the number
' of burglaries and thef ts decline. After a few months, the vacuum is filled
; and a new importer takes the place of the old one. Burglaries increase once
; more, supplies of narcotics are good and prices decline.
I
- i
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; 62
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~ A1 11 Q A2
1_
Uvv~kt 1~ Bulv~n ~F ~ Nukolik~ . - Nnkotik~ � 1
impoMbr ~mn~ impmt8r I
N~rk. � ~
- ,m"~,� ~ 3 ) / ChwNbr 5 ~ i
c~~ ~-a
Knrkkunp C D
- N~rk. ~~Splndsln 1 r~1UY' Nuic. 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E
tmupgl. ~ ImpoRM ~m~.
. ~
G
F
6> ~ M
' :
OraN~t OrouM Ora~bt Gro~U~t ~
~ ,~,~-u
1 1 ~ ~ ~ x.~.
stor� Sta- Sta- Stw� Stor- Stw� Kurir i l~ ~
idn516 ~ t&~iH. fbnll~. 18n/q. fbnlq. fOniq. KurM ~
~ J 8~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~i ~ .
1 ~ 13~ 14)
~ - rLeveruNrx ~ ~ -
SmAfo~iljars och nnkotiiumfubruk~n ut~ p! pNm (SerpN~ tap m m~. I~entbr ; V8~ i ~ Leverent& 1
1 Amtterdem I I Th~Nend ~
L----~ LTynkl~nd J L---~
This is how a typical "narcotics gang" (the so-called Plastic Gang) is de-
scribed in the mass media (diagram on the left). But the diagram on the
_ right shows how these organizations really look, according ta investigators
~ Ingemar Rexed and Marie Sesser in their report to the Stockholm municipality.
Key:
1. Bodyguard ` 9. Narcotics importers
2. Drug smugglers. 10. Agent
3. Narc~tics king, the "spider 11. Couriers
= in the web," importer 12. Supplier, Amsterdam ~
4. Front man 13. Supplier, West Germany
5. Driver 14. Supplier, Thailand
6. Wholesalers
7. Big dealers
8. Small pushers and drug addicts on
the street (Sergels Square, etc.)
- 63
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~
~
i
f In 1982 customs agents seized 255 kg of cannabis (hashish), 7.5 kg of amphe-
i t~mines and 2.7 kg of heroin. According to police and customs estimates,
, this is a twentieth of the narcotics illegally brought into the country.
~
~ Customs Seized 255 Kg o~ Cannabis
i
i
i But this figure is pure guesswork. A more "systematic" or "initiated" guess
would indicate half that amount, says Leif G. W. Persson.
The police estimate means that there is enough heroin for around half a mil-
lion doses a year. An "industrious" heroin addict can consume up to about
100 doses in a single year.
i "The estimates made indicate that there are only about half that number of
~ heroin addicts. Their annual consumption would be closer to 20 than to 50
kilograms," he said but stressed that all estimates are uncertain.
;
Mafia on the Continent--Not in CwEden Yet
I
~ Here are two different versions of how a narcotics gang looks--one true and
~ one false. In the middle sits a narcotics king like a spider in his web,
i surrounded by front men, body guards, drivers and smugglers. Under him are
i wholesalers, big dealers and street pushers. But it is not that simple. A
~I real gang consists of a tangled network of relationships, organized in a
1 loose and temporary way.
~
~ That is what Ingemar Rexed and 1?:arie Sesser found when they reviewed a
j number of cases of people convicted of serious narcotics crimes at the re-
~ quest of Stockholm municipality. The description above shows the so-called~
; Plastic Gang in the version of certain mass media ~nd in reality.
I Their review of the most serious sentences over a 4-year period showed that
~ the idea of the pure "financiers" is a myth. There was not one case in
' which someone had simply provided the capital and then lef t it to others to
take care of the deal. The person who could invest the money had to super-
; vise several stages: he had to check the goods, check the weight and test
! the product.
i
i
~ He had to co~lect the money himself (very seldom did he have a spec3al col-
~ lector), especially for drugs sold on account (payment following delivf:ry).
i
; "Seldom do group members make a collective e�fort in their activities," say
Ingemar Rexed and Marie Sesser.
Nor is there (yet?) any Mafia. But such groups can be found on the conti-
~ nent and they could emerge in Sweden.
~
~
I 6578
CSO: 5300/2272
i
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SWEDEN
CRIMES INVOLVING HARD DRUGS INCREASING PRISON VIOLENCE
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 15 Apr 82 p 5
[Article by Eva Ekselius] .
[Text] Violence in the prisons is on the rise.
The increase has an obvious connection with crimes
- involving hard drugs. That is what Claes Amilon of
the National Prisons Board said in connection with
the DAGENS NYHETER'articles on a big narcotics case.
Two of the men prosecuted chose to tell the court
- what they knew. They now risk reprisals for what
they said. They wi11 be testifying in appeals
court against the other accused men.
"Snitching" is one of the most serious crimes one can commit in the so-
called underworld. To "snitch" is to tattle or squeal. A person who does
this is called a snitch and risks being taunted, harassed, threatened and
mistreated because he has violated the unwritten code that applies outside
the law.
Telling the police what one knows about others is snitching. So is testi-
fying in a court case. At times it takes only a few words to be branded as
a snitch or squealer. Just being in court can be enough. Sometimes
punishment is exacted simply because it is rumored that someone has
snitched.
"Those with money have no trouble buying a torpedo," pointed out lawyer
Bengt H. Nilsson who defended Ronny in the big narcotics case (see DAGENS
NYHETER 3 and 4 Apxil and subsequently). The testimony given by Ronny and
Roland made it possible to sentence several of the others involved to long
prison sentences.
Lawyer Nilsson referred to the threats expressed during the trial and to the
risk that others could act to punish Ronny and Roland even if they are
placed in different prisons from those to which others sentenced in the same
case are sent.
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~
41
f
Risk of Violence and Harassment
"My client runs a constant risk of being exposed to harassment, threats and
violence in rison.
w~.
- "I hope the prison system can give him some degree of security," said Bengt
H. Nilsson.
. Do serious threats and violence really exist within the prison system?
~
~ "They certainly do," said Knut Hast, institutional directox of the prison in
I Norrtalje.
"Just a few days ago one of our inmates was kicked in the head by three
others and injured so seriously that he had to be stitched together."
j The one who is mistreated almost always refuses to say who did it.
i
; "Showdowns" are not uncommon in prisons. But the administration can only
; speculate as to the real reasons. The only thing they know for sure is that
; violence does occur. The injuries cannot be concealed.
i "We see them battered and bloody. But they just say they fell down the
; s~.airs or ran into a door."
; ,
At the prison in Osteraker they are less affected by violence than is the
case at other prisons. They have a special selection of inmates through the
' various drug rehabilitation projects.
"It has been a long time since we have had any violence. The prisoners do
not seem to be afraid--not as long as they are here.
"But many are afraid of what will happen when they get out," said Kjell Ake
. Lindstrom who manages the Osteraker institution.
"There is an increase of violence in the prisons," said Claes Amilon,
section chief of the National Prisons Board in Norrkoping. "We know that
from experience even if we cannot back it up with statistics.
"The violence is obviously connected with crimes involving hard drugs," he
said. "Unfinished business deals and economic transactions are settled.
But there are also reprisals when someone has said too much to the police or
the court."
Is this serious violence?
"There are no fatalities, this is a question af things as serious as broken
jaws and ribs getting kicked in," Claes Amilon replied.
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The prison system has limited opportunities to provide inmates with the pro- ~
tection to which they should be entitled.
In practice, the only possibility is to give an inmate voluntary isolation
when he requests it.
There are roughly a hundred such ce!Ls in the prison system and they are
almost always occupied.
The National Prisons Board has also linked the need to protect certain
criminals from others with the need for safer prisons for ichose involved in
crimes related to hard narcotics. So the violence of hardened criminals
against other prisoners could lead to an even stricter security system being
built up around these criminals.
6578 ~
CSO: 5300/2272
67
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~
;
~
1
~
I SWEDEN
!
~
i
~
_j
i
~
i BRIEFS
.
i DUTCH AMPHETAMINE SMUGGLER SENTENCED--The Dutch truck driver who smuggled
~ 42 kg of amphetami.nes into Sweden in February has been sentenced in Stock-
holm District Court to 9 years in jail for serious narcotics crimes and
, goods smuggling. He ~dmitted having smuggled in 50 kg of amphetamines pre-
viously in addition to t;e 42 kg. Af.ter serving his sentence the man will
be permanently expelled from the country. The man was arrested on 16 Feb-
ruarS* outside Perstorp in Skane. The national criminal police and the
Hassleholm police had been tipped off that a large narcotics shipment was on
the way from Holland to Sweden and they waited at the fer to Trelleborg.
[Text] [Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 15 Apr 82 p 1~ 6578
~ GANG SMUGGLED RAW OPIUM--After a 1-year investigation the naxcoti.cs police in
~ Vaxjo uncovered a gang which traded with raw opium. Last Thursd.a,y, 600 grams
, of raw opium, worth 100,000 crowns~ were confiscated in a car that arrived at
, the customs station in Helsingborg. The Vaxjo police had notified the customs
~ and police authorities in Ma1mo and Helsingborg tha,t the cax was about to en-
_ ter. It came from southern Yugoslavia. "The drugs were hidden in a hollow
; part of one of the fenders. The hole had been sprayed over with undercoating
compound.," the narcotics police said in Vaxjo. Five members of the gang were
taken into custody, and applications for the detention of three have been filed.
~ The Vaxjo olice suspect that the gang has been operating for several years.
~ext] Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish ~ Max 82 p~ 11949
I
~ cso: 53oo/2z36 END
68
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060018-1