JPRS ID: 10499 USSR REPORT METEORLOGY AND HYDROLOGY NO. 1, JANUARY 1982

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 95
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 12
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7
FOR OFFiCIAL USE ONLY
JPRS L/ i 0499
6 May 1982
- USSR Re ort
p
METEOROLOGY ~.t~D HYDROLOGY
No. 1, January 1982
- Fg~$ FOREIGN BI~OADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000540060012-7
NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
- newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
~ transmissions and broadcas:s. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
oti~er characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt) in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
, tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes with in the body of an
. item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
- The contents of this publication in no way represerit the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWIVERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRZCTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONI.Y.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400504060012-7
~PRS L/10499
6 May 1982
USSR REPORT
METEOR~LOGY AND HYDROLOGY
No, Januarx 1982
Translation of the Russian-language monthly journal METEOROLOGIYA I
GIDROLOGIYA published in Moscow by Gidrometeoizdat.
CONTENTS
*Investigation of Intensity of Westerly Air Transport in Northern Hemisphere
by Probabilistic Methods 1
~Dynamics of Nonstationary At;nospheric Front 2
*Mesoscale Structure of Occluded ~':.~*_:t Over Center of European USSR According
to Data From Special Measurements 3
'~Two Classes of Small-Variance Schemes for Solving Advection Equation......... 4
*Representatioz of Fields of Meteorological Elements Stipulated at Points of
Intersection of Latitude-Longitude Grid 5
Correlation of Seasonal Processes of Restructuring of Ionospheric F Region
and Stratospheric Circulation 6
Ititeraction of Clouds With Ambient Aerosol Medium 12
Creating New Observational Network for Monitoring Environmental Contamination 22
Oceanic Planetary Waves of Seasonal Origin 32
Vertical Coherence of Tidal Semidiurnal Currents in Hydrophysical Polygon-70
in Atlantic Ocean 40
'tUse of Data on Thermal Industrial Effluent for Studying Dispersion of
- Pollutants in Rivers 46
*Temperature Regime and Wintering of Apple Tree 47
~ Denotes items which have been abstracted.
- a- [III ~ USSR - 33 S&T FOUO]
FUR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040500064012-7
.
*Computing Concentration of Atmospheric Fallout in Water Body 48
*DeChannels Usine ~if Development of Morphological Formations in River
8
g ~ndirect Criteria 49
*Calculating Times ~nd Norm:: for Irrigating Agricultural Crops on Basis of
Dew Point Spread 50
MMR-06-M Meteorologi~~a~ Rocket and Instrument Complex for Measuring
Density, Temperatu:-e, Wind and Electron Concentration 51
Protection of Hydrometeorological Instrumentation Against Influence of
Ambient Conditions ..........................................a........... 56
Use of Lasers in Hydrometeorological Research 62
~Review of Monograph by T. V. Odrov: 'Gidrofizika Vodoyemov Sushi'
('Hydrophysics of Land Water Bodies'), Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1979,
311 Pages 76
*Review of Handbook: 'Gidrometeorologicheskiy Rezhim Ozer i Vodolchranilishch:
- Irkutskoye Vodokhranilishche' ('Hydrometeorological Regime of Lakes and
Reservcsirs: Irb:utskoye Reservoir'), Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1980,
140 Pages 77
*Sixtieth Birthday of Dmitriy Antonovich Ped' 78
Conferenc:es, Meetings and Seminars 79
*Notes From Abroad 90
*Obituary of Dmitri~ Andrianovich Drogaytsev 1911-1981 91
* Uenotes items which have been abstracted.
. -b-~
FOR OFF[CIAL LJSE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040500064012-7
E'OR OFFICIAL USI~~ UNLY
UDC 551.513+551.509.314(215-17)
INVESTIGATION OF INTENSITY OF WESTERLY AIR TRANSPORT IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE BY
PROBABILISTIC METHODS
Moscow METEOROLOGIYA I GIDROLOGIYA in Russian No 1, Jan 82 (manuscript rece:Lved
16 Apr 81) pp 5-15
[Article by G. V. Gruza, professor, and V. T. Radyukhin, All-Union Scientific Re-
search Institute of Hydrometeorological Information-World Data CenterJ
[Abstract] A method for a probabilistic analysis and investigation of the possib-
ility of predicting the Ye. N. Blinova daily values or the circul3tion index ror
the northern hemisphere is presented. This index is employed in describing the
intensity of zonal circulation at any level and represents the angular velocity
of atmospheric movement relati~e to the earth's surface. The authors analyzed
the archives of the daily value:s of the circulation index at the 500-gPa sur-
face, computed by the usual me~:hod, for the zone 40-65� for the winter and suur. ~~ivi.Y
UDC 551.509.319
TWO CLASSES OF SMALL-VARIANCE SCHEMES FOR SOLVING ADVECTION EQUATIOv
Moscow METEOROLOGIYA I GIDROLOGIYA in Russian No 1, Jan 82 (manuscript received
1~~ May 81) pp 34-40
[Article by Ye. Ye. Kalenkovich, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences,
and I. V. Cholakh, GJest Siberian P.egional Scientific Research Institute]
[Abstract] Amplitude and phase errors arise in difference schemes when using har-
monic analysis, but it is the phase errors which give the forecaster the greatest
difficulty. For example, they can cause errors in determining the rate of move-
ment of high- and low-pressure formations and th~e fronts associated with them. ,
In order to overcome this problem the authors investigated two classes of schemes
- for the advection equation in a one-dimensional case. This made it possible to i
formulate a method for constructing difference schemes which lessen the disper- ~
sion. The proposed method is both theoretically and experimentally compared with ~
alternative schemes which have been published in the past by Crank-Nicholson, Lax- ,
Wendroff and Gadd. The comparative results, presented in a number of tables, re- j
ve~l that the authors have developed a superior scheme: the phase errors are :e- !
creased and dispersion is lessened in comparl.son with the schemes now in common
use. This will f acilitate solution of different problems encountered in weather
forecasting and in studies of general circulation of the atmosphere. A number of
variants are analyzed and two specific variants are recommended for routine use.
Tables 3; references 6: 3 Russian, 3 Western.
4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040500064012-7
FOR UNFICIAI. USi~: UNLI~'
' UDC 551.501.5+551.509.14
REPRESENTATION OF FIELDS OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS STIPULATED AT POINTS OF
INTERSECTION OF LATITUDE-LONGITUDE GRID
Moscow METEOROLOGIYA I GIDROLOGIYA in Russian No 1, Jan 82 (manuscript received
9 Apr 81) pp 41-48
[Article by G. S. Rivin, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, and
A. I. Kulikov, West Siberian Regional Scientific Research Institute]
[Abstract] Highly efficient plotting of isolines for the representation of the
fields of ineteorological eiements in a latitude-longitude grid requires use of
a cur.ve plotter, but four problems must be solved for obtaining suitable repre-
sentations: selection of the cartographic projection; plotting of isolines; seek-
ing and plotting local extrema; representation of outlines of the continents in
the required projection, plotting of parallels and meridians. Each of these four
tasks is briefly discussed in this article in describing the experience accumulat-
ed in such work at the West Siberian Scientific Research Institute. Actual work
is illustrated in the example of several such fields plotted in different carto-
graphic orojections when using BESM-6 and YeS-1052 electronic computers. Stereo-
graphic, Mercator and square projections can be used, the first two b~ing confor-
mal. The advantages, disadvantages and special uses of each of these are discuss-
ed. The procedures for plotting of isolines are discussed in detail, followed by
a description of the procedures employed in finding local extrema. Ttao variants
are described for ensuring that the meteorological fields will be plotted together
with outlines of the continents (use of a preprinted "blank" and simultaneous
_ plotting). All this is illustrated in specific examples. Figures 3; references:
12 Russian.
5
FOR OFFiC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460012-7
rv.. w
UDC 551.513:551.510.535.4
CORRELATION OF SEASONAL PROCESSES OF RESTRUCTUI~ING OF I~N~SYYERIC F RF.GTON ANll
STRATOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
Moscow METEOROLOGIYA I GIDROLOGIYA in Russian No 1, Jan 82 (manuscript received
26 May 81) pp 49-53
(Article by V. F. Chepura, candidate of technical sciences, Institute of
- Experimental Meteorology]
[Text] Abstract: As a result of investigation of varia-
tions in the mean monthly midday value~ of the
critical frequencies of the F2 layer over Moscow,
Leningrad and Ottawa during 1958-1980 it was es- ~
tablished that the times of the spring and autumn ~
- - restructuring of the ionospheric F region in the ;
middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere outrun !
the times of the~corresponding seasonal restructur- ;
ings of stratospheric circulation in this region j
on the average by 4-6 wEeks, whereas the spring
restructuring of the F regian outruns the restruc-
turing af circulation in the meteor zone on the
average by two weeks.
Introduction. The existence of a correlation between the change in circulation in
the northern hemisphere stratosphere and other atmospheric processes, including
the features of distribution of total ozone content [2] in the stratosphere and
the spring restructuring of wind in the meteor zone (altitudes 80-100 km) [4, 6],
has been demonstrated in a number of studies.
The principal reason for the change in stratospheric circulation in this hemisphere
in the last analysis is a seasonal change in the influx of solar energy int~ this
l~emispltere. Accordingly, it is natural to expect the presence of a correlation be-
tween the seasonal change in stratospheric circulation and processes having a sea-
sonal periodicity, not only in the strato-, meso- and lower thermosphere, but also
in the hi~her layers of th~ latter.
In this study such a dependence was detected by a comparison of the variation in
changes in the critical frequencies fOF2 of the ionospheric F2 layer and the times
of. spring and autumn restructuring of stratospheric circulation according to Ped'
[3] during the period 1958-1980.
6 '
FOR OFFICIAL USE CNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7
Method. The seasonal periodicity in the ionosphere is manifested most clearly in
_ the behavior of the F2 layer. Its critical frequency experiences both diurnal
changes, attaining a maximum after midday, and seasonal changes. By virtue of the
peculiarities of structure, composition and d~rnamics of the F region the daytime
f~F2 values in summer are less t~ian in winter [7, 8]. The main reas~n for thie is
' that in winter in the F region the ratio of the 0/N2 concentrations is greater
than in the summer [8], which in the last analysis is evidently associated with
the macroscale transport of air inasses. It is known that Lhe FZ-layer ionization
is produced by solar radiation at wavelengths shorter than 800 A[5]. It is situ-
ated above 200-250 km, where the magnetic and electric fields to a considerable
degree determine the dynamics of charged particles; therefore, changes in solar
activity, regular and irregular, exert an extremely significant influence on ttie
state of the layer and the fpF2 values. In this connection, the latter, together
with regular seasonal change~, are characterized by brief fluctuations. In order
to exclude them and ascertain the changes correlating with the seasonal restruc-
turing of circulation in tl~e stratosphere, we found the inr..rements of the midday
f~F2 values, averaged for periods from a week to a month,.during successive inter-
vals of time equal to the averaging interval. Since the restructuring of circula-
tion in the stratosphere~ according to Ped', relates primarily to the middle lat-
itudes of the northern hemisphere, we analyzed the variation of change of such
increments of f~F2 for Ottawa (45.4�N. 75.9�W), Moscow (55�28'N, 37�19`E) and Lenin-
grad (59�57'N, 30�42'E) during a 23-year period (1958-1980).
MHz
dMrc~ ~ ~
~~~6
. ~ \
~ ~
OB ' ~ / .
, p- ~P' ~'d ~
i ~ ~ ~ j ~
� ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ B
~
2 i~ \
-o,o %
~ ~ L
~ ~
_ ~ , .
T'i~;. 1. Varir~tion uf ctiange in increments 0 of inean-monthly midday fOF2 values over
MuSCOw in 1969 (1) and in 1971 (2) . Tlie beginnin~ of tiie spring and autumn restruc-
turings of the F regioa is indicated by vertical arrows.
The increments L~ of the midday mean monthly f~F2 values of the type L~ = f~F2 II -
f~FZ I, E~F2 III - f~F2 II, etc. correlr~ted best with restructuring in tlie strato-
sphere. Using these data we constructed graphs of the change in L1in the course of
eacli year for the three mentioned stations similar to those shown in Fig. 1.
7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040500060012-7
The seasonal changes in f~F2 are the most characteristic. With the approach of
spring L~ 3ecreases, usually changing sign from + to -(Fig. 1). This is evi-
dence of the onset of spring restructuring of the F region the daytime appear-
_ ance of the F1 layer and a decrease in f~F2 in comparison with the preceding
month. Sometimes as a result of the masking influence of solar activity varia-
tions this is manif ested in the form of a sharp bend on the ~ curve. The dates
when the curve intersects the x-axis or a bend appears on this curve during
the Febru3ry-April period were used in our study as the onset of the spring re-
structuring of the F region. During July-August Q, increases, usually changing
sign from - to or increases sharply (Fig. 1), indicating the onset of sprin~
restriicturing of the F region (decrease in the critical frequency of the F~ layer
and an increase in f~F2 during the daytime). We adopted the dates of these pheno-
mena as the onset of the autumn restructuring of the F region. As already mention-
ed, the seasonal restructurings of the F region are probably associated with the
macroscale transport of air masses.
It should be noted that since t`?e F2 layer is very sensitive to solar activity
variations the averaging.of f.~F2 for the month does not always make it possible
to avoid the influence of its irregular ctianges. In order ~o clarify their influ-
ence on the sea:sonal L~ gradients, we analyzed the course of change in solar ac-
- ti.vity during the mentioned 23 years on the basis of the relative mean monthly
increments of the Zurich Wolf numbers W of the type a~W �(WII ' WI~WI-l~ ~WIII -
WII)WII, etc., where WI, WZI,... are the mean monthly W values,and on the basis
- of the similarly obtained relative meari monthly increments ~ S we obtained the
densities of the solar radiation flux S at a wavelength 10.7 cm. Since in most
cases ~ b W ~c~ S for evaluating the influence of solar activity f.iuctuations we
used the ~ W values.
Results
The table gives the dates of the onset 4f spring and autumn restructuring of the F
region which we determined. For Leningrad and Ottawa we obtained results which are
close in value. Since in determining them we used the mean monthly fpF2 values.
~ the maximum deviation of the true dates of restructuring of the F region from
those cited in the table can attain two weeks. This table also gives the relative
mean monthly increments of Wolf numbers during the period (January-March) preced-
ing the spring restructuring. As a comparison the table gives the dates of the
spring and autumn restructurings of stratospheric circulation in the northern hem-
isptiere according to Ped' [1, 3; during the years 1977-1980 the data were obtained
from D. A. Ped'], the dates of the spring rest:ucturing of the wind in the meteor
zone according to measurements at Obninsk [4, 6] and the times of outrunning of
the restructuring in the meteor zone and in the F region ~ver Moscow relative to
the restructuring in the stratosphere.
During the years 1958-1960 and 1975-1976 it was nat possible to ascertain the times
of the spring restructuring in the F region. During these years, as a result of the
sp~cific sequence of solar activity during January-Mareh,the ordinary variation of
ch~nge in t}ie increments of the mean monthly fpF2 values was disrupted. With the
e approach of spring the L1 curve did not intersect, as usual, the x-axis, and ttiere
- was no sharp bend,on it. The table shows that such a situation is observed when
S Wl< -0. 25 and ~ W2> 0.
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060012-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000540060012-7
FOR OFFICIAI. USE ONLY
a~
. -
A ~ ~
H x ~
~ I
z - O O a0 M -f~ tr ~ tr~ N Q~ o~J a0 a? C? O t~ 00 -
y M M O~_. cl O O~- G O tD O N
3 00 ocooooo0000oooo-roooo
_ ap II + ~ ~ I I++ I+ I I I+ I++ I I I'I
C ~
'e'
y .a .o
~S G
a~ g
u r, I '
~ y .
~ V N~' ~D C1 00 N M N 1A 1~ tp N~ N O dt~ ~0 tD ~ N t~ C~
rj ? O O O O O O O O O O O O C O C p O O O O O O
~ IIII+++IIII++I+ III++I~
-
.o ~ . �
- ~ ~ dD I t~D N D~ V~ ~ M`tt' N~ h tn ~ N M~'') M CMV C''~ V~' ~ M~ j
I _ v
N -
' ~ ~O O
~ u u ~ r. ~ . : : r. ~ ^ y .
r .y .,V...
r- ~ I
~ ~ i~~i~>;~iiiiiiiiiJ;~;~ii
Q N~~^' N-~ O CO Q~ t0 M.~ ~y 00 ~ M O
r( c~~
m ~
' r.Ye o. - Q~ ~o .
u 5 u rC , ~
u.p O.X I ( I I~c.N~M^M~vNM~n~t~c~ I I"N~M
~ ~ ~ ~a O h,~
V
_ y
m .
~
~ E.m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : : ~ ~ : : ~
i i
~ ~ N ~ .M.. ~ .M-. ^ ^ 00 O~ CV ~ 96> 1966 1971 f9i6 ~196J
Fig. 2. Values of outrunning of spring restructuring in F region (1) and in meteor
zone (2), restructuring in stratosphere according to Ped'.
~ Ide note that the scatter of values of outrunning of the autumn restrr:cturing in the ~
F region relative to the stratosphere is considerably less than for i:he spring re- ;
structuring, the same as the times of onset of the autumn restructuring in the
stratosphere in comparison with the times of the spring restructuring. These vari-
ations in outrunning times are not directly related to the changes in Wolf numbers
and the flux of solar radiation at a wavelength of 10.7 cm in periods preceding the
corresponding seasonal restructurings.
We will cite the mean 23-year values of outrunning of restructuring in the upper
layers of the atmosphere relative to the stratosphere: in the meteor zone in spring
17 days, in the F region in spring over Moscow, Leningrad and Ottawa 32, 34
and 37 days respectively, in autumn 41, 39 and 45 days respectively. The scatter
of inean values oF oiitrunning of restructuring in the F region relative to the ~
str O cr~1 m C; ~.�,7G funH ~ y'!I'~ d~'~ N
9~JG ` ' [~1
~ ` f0 ` 1S 20 ?S .iU Ncr
- PiR. 2. Mesoscale formations of the temperature field in the distributions of depth
of- the 10�C isotherm (Z10) and temperature TW of the surface water layer on oceano-
graphic sections.
It w