JPRS ID: 10488 TRANSLATION HANDBOOK ON MARINE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND RADIONAVIGATION EQUIPMENT. VOL 2. RADIONAVIGATION EQUIPMENT. BY A.M. BAYRASHEVSKIY ET. AL

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 310
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10488
3 May 1982
Translation I
HANDBOOK ON MARINE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
AND RADIONAVIGATION EQUIPMENT. VOL. 2.
RADIONAVIGATION EQUIPMENT
By
A.M. Bayrashevskiy et. ai.
~gSS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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I
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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
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Other unattributed paxenthetical notes within the body of an
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JPRS L/10488
3 May 1982
HANLBOOK ON MARINE RADIO COMMI!NICATIONS
AND RADIONAVIGATION EQUTPNlENT, VOL, 2,
FADTONAVTGATION EQUIPMENT
Leningrad SPRAVnCHNTK PO SUDOVOI-N OBORUDOVANIYU RADIOSVYAZI IRADIO-
NAVIGATSTT 2. OBORUDO'VANTYA RADTONAVIGATSTI in Russian 1979 (signed
to press 13 1Vov 79) pp 2-229
[Book by Aleksandr Mustafovich Bayrashevskiy, Yuriy Yeliseyevich
Gornostayev, Aleksandr�Vasil'yevi^h Zherlakov, Aleksandr Anatol'yevich
I1' in, Oleg Vasil' yevich Kononov and Nikolay Timofeyevich Nichiporenko,
edited by Doctor cf Technical Sci-ences, Prufessor A.V. Zherlakov;
reviewers: engineers N.P. Malyshev and V.I. Shchepotin, Izdatel'stvo
"Sudostroyeniye", 1979, 231 pages, 12,000 copies]
Foreword 1
Part One: Marine Radionavigation Systems 3
Chapter 1. Goniometric Marine Radionavigation Systems 7
1.1. 11arine Radio Direc tion Finders and Their Classification............ 7
1.2. The "Rybka" Marine Aural Indicating Radio Direction Finder......... 8
1.3. The "Barkas" Portable Marine Aurally Indicating Itadio
Direction Finder 15
1.4. The "Rumb" Dual Channel Marine Visual Radio Directi_on Finder....... 20
1.5. Requirements Placed on the Installation, Alignment and
Operation of Marine Radio Direction Finders........................ 35
Chapte r 2. phase Radionavigation Systems 39
2.1. The Classification and Specific Features of Marine Phase
Radionavigation Sys tems 39
2.2. 7.he "Pirs-1D" Marine Indicating Receiver 47
a-- [I - US:~R - F FOUO]
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rvK urrit-iaL U,5G UiVLY
2.3. The "Pirs-1M" Marine Indicating Iteceiver 62
2.4. Requirements Placed on the Installation, Alignment a.-Id
Operation of Indicating Receivers Under Marine Conditions........ 71
Chapter 3. Pulse and Pulse-Phase Radionavigation Systems 75
3.1. The Classifi...ation and Specific Features of Marine Pulse
and Pulse-Ph:.;;e Radionavigation Systems 75
3.2. The KPI-5F Indicating Receiver 81
3.3. Recommen.a.ations for the Insta.llation of the Indicating
Receiver on a Ship 98
_ 3.4. Main Operating Rules for the KPI-SF Indicating Receiver.......... 99
Part T.tao: Marine Navigation Radars 110
Chapter 4. Marine ?'ulsed Navigation Radars 112
4.1. The Specific Features of Pulsed Radars and Their Technical
and Operational Characteris tics 112
4.2. The "Lotsiya" Marine Ivavigation itadar 122
4.3. The "Mius" Marine Navigation Radar............................... 138
4.4. Tfze "Nayada" Series of Marine Navigation Radars 157
4.5. Requirements Placed on the Ins tallatiun, Tuning and
Operation of Marine Navigation Ra.dars 184
Chapter 5. Automated Marine Navigation Radars 202
5.1. The "Okean" Marine Navigation Radar 202
5.2. The "Okean-M" Marine Navigation Radar 234
5.3. Specific Features of Ma.rine Radionavigatic+n and Radar
Complexes 280
Chapter
6. Doppler Navigation
Radars
286
6.1.
Specific Features of
Doppler Navigation Radar Operation..........
286
6.2. The "Istra" Radar for Measuring the Ibcking Speed. of Ships....... 289
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Chapter 7. Ma?-ine Infrared and Television Equipment 295
7.1. The "Mgla" Infrared Night Vision Equipment 295
7.2. The "Gorizont" Marine Television Installation 299
,
B ib lio graphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
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[Text] Basic informati.on cn modern radionavigation and radar equipment for maritime
vessels is contained in this second volume of the handbook; the classification and
characteristics are given for the instruments, as well as the complement and compo-
sition of the equipment and functional schematics of the units. The major require-
ments for the installation and operation of equipment under shipboard conditions
are set forth.
~ The handbook is intended for a wide c ircle of engineering-and technical workers in
design and planning organizations, as well as cpecialists engaged in the operation
~ of the equipment on seagoing and river fleet vessels and those of the Ministry of
the Fishing Industry.
1
The handbook can also be useful to students in the higher educational institutes
and technical schools, and students taking courses in mariae training institutions
for their course and diploma design work,
Forewoxd
Because of the rise in the tonnage and the increase in the speeds, sizes and inertia
of modern vessels, the requirements place on marine navigation have increased sub-
stantially. The radionavigation instruments used on the ships of the merchant mar-
ine and fishing industry fleets are becoming extremely important, where these ins-
truments make it possible to reduce the number of accidents which incur large mater-
ia1 losses, and in some cases, c:reate a real threat to safeguarding the environment.
'Jolume 2 of the handbook on marine equipment for radio communications and radio
navigation is devoted to modern domestic radio navigation instruments used on
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ships of the merchant marine and fishing industry fleets. Functional and structural
configurations are treated here, as well as the operational and technical character-
istics and rules for technical operation of radio navigation instruments.
The shipboard oral indicating "Rybka" and "Barkas" radio direction finder as well
as the visual dual channel "Rumb" radio directicn finder are treated in Chapter 1.
Chapter 2contains a description of the marine "Pirs-1D" and "Pirs-1M" display
receivers which are used to determine the loca.tion of a vessel by means of signals
transmitted by the shore stations of the "Decca" phase radio navigation system.
- The marine KPI-SF display receiver used
_ on *signals from shore stations us:ing the
system is treated in Chapter 3.
to determine the location of a ship based
"Loran C" pulse-phase radio n3vigation
Descriptions of the marine "Lotsia", "Mius" and 1�Nayada" navigation radars and the
"Okian" and "Okian-M" automated navigation radars are given in Chapters 4 an3 5.
Specific features of the operation of "Istra" doppler navigation radars for
measuring the berthing speed are treated in Chapter 6.
Chapter 7 is devoted to the marine "Mgla" infrared night vision scope and the
"Gorizcnt" television system.
Each chapter of the handbook concludes with recommendations for the insulation,
mounting and operation in a shi,p of the radio navigation instrument being discussed.
The development of ship navigation hardware in the last dscade is characterized
by the widescale introduction of digital oomputer equipment and the use of new
principals for putting together complete sets of equipment which increase the
operational capabilities of the instruments. The realization of digital proces-
sing circuitry for radio navigation data makes it possible to employ optimal pro-
cessing tectiniques and represent the navigation information in a form convenient
for the ship navigator.
Developmental work was completed and trial operation was started with the
"Yenisey" radar set at the moment work was finished on this handbook. The develop-
ment of situation diaplays using the "Briz-Ye" and "Kron" computers is drawing to
a close; the pr.oduction of these computers will start in 1981. Developmental wor.k
is underway at the present time on a more soph isticated "Biryus" navigation set.
Unfortunately, not all of these navigation sets have been included in this edition
of the handbook. However, the authors have taken into account the trends noted in
the development of ship navigation hardware and have attempted to give a more
= detailed treatntent of those questions wh ich will assist the reader in overcoming
difficulties in studying radar-computer systems not included in th is handbook.
_ The work was done by a collective of authors. Chapter 1 was written by O.V.
Kononov, Chpater 2 by A.V. Zherlakov, Chpater 3 by Yu.Ye. Gornostayev, Chapters
4 and 6 by A.M. Bayrashevskiy, Chapters 5 and 7 by N.T. Nichiporenko and 54.2
by A.A. I1`in.
Send all comments to Izdatel'stvo "Sudostroyeniye", Ulitsa Gogolya 8, Leningrad
191065t
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PART ONE MARINE RADICVAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Marine radionavigatioa systems (MRS) are shipboard measurement equipment which
serves to receive, process and display navigation in~ormation contained in electro-
magnetic field signals received either from radiation sources external to the ship
or produced by shipboard radiation sources and reflected from external objects.
Radio navigation systems are used for the navigation of maritime transport and
fishing industry ships, where these systems operate in the radio frequency bands
shown in Figure B.1 (the boundaries of cne frequency bands can be changed on the
basis of international agreements).
The major tasks of navigatian are solved by means of radionavigation systems: ship
navigation from one region to another by thP shoitest, safest and most economically
advantageous route. Of great importance in this case are problems of determining
ship position-at sea and the safe divergence fram oncoming vessels. Radionaviga-
tion systems are also used when sailing in confined water (channels, narrow places,
etc.), when docking large tonnage ships in ports, during oceanological, hydro-
graphical and geodesic research at sea, when piioting ships through thannels, sail-
ing in ice, etc.
Radionavigation systems are recommended for maritime transport vessels, where
these systems assure the determination of position with an accurracy, the values
of wliich are given below:
Navigation Region
Confined water
Coastal waters
Open sea
Precision in Determining
Ship Position
0.1-0.5 cable lengths
0.1-0.25 miles'
1.0-2.0 miles
Radionavigation systems are classified according to several criteria. Depending
on the serviee region and the operating rcznge (D) they are subdivided as follows:
a) Close range navigation systems (D < 100 miles), coastal sailinv, piloting a
ship, docking, etc.
b) Intermediate operational radius systems (D < 400 miles);
c) Long range navigation systems (D = 1,500 to 2,500 miles);
d) Global systems (ranges encompassing all stiip navigation regions of the world).
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Marine radionavigation systems, in being radio instrumentation equipment, are
intended for determining the following maj�:~ nav2aation paramet?rs:
a) Directions (bearings, course angles, etc.);
~ b) Distances;
c) A linear combination of distances (difference or sum);
d) Speed;
e) Precise time.
_ The subsequent processing of these parameters determines the line of position of
a ship at sea or its orientation relative tc other ships or objects on shore.
_ A classification of marine radionavigat ion systems is given in Table B.1 as a func-
tion of the primary measurement and processing of the radio signals which contain
information on the navigat.ion parameters indicated above.
The navigation parameters measured by marine radionavigation system5 are incorpor-
ated in radio signals which are mathematically dpscr.i.bed by the following expres-
sions [l]: C= W(I, 4, F) En, rl -v 1 Slfl ` (Ae ~1 l
- u -,,el (B.1)
~ J l ! I
where e is the electromagnetic field intensity at the installation point of the
shipboard antenna;
W(r,a,e) is the atterLuation functiori far the intensity e due to the travel of
signals over the path;
r is the distance between the shore station and the ship;
Q,e is the effectiive conductivity and dielectric permittivity along the
path respectively;
v is the radio wave proPagation velocity;
E. is the amplitude value of the field intensity;
we, ~p are the frequency and phase of the radio signals respectively.
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VLF ~
11
LF `
MF ~
HF ~
k
6
X Radionavigation
!lKfu KHz f PHC Svstems
3
Kr4
ta,2 a3 1a6
.
}�omea" ~Iomega"
ao
Kr
-lno
70
,.AopaN-c" "Loran C"
~
~
- 130
186
0.4eKKa " "DeCCSn
700
- 250
pQJLLOMQAMfL HO!lpQQpBHHOLO 1YBUCT
J00
-180 285
xfu
NeManpaQneHNeie pa6troMaAxrt (
315 400
-flonpaoxit 9u pepeNquaneNOU PNC
Pa8uo6 u `~~OMQANl6
1
11 fq
ft neneNeoOaNUA ( 5~
175 1,85
_~1,80
~ ../lopaH-A" "Loran A"
9,95
3
nr MHz
3o
nru
/
150
l "Trans
J00
flf� 389968 *.1lrrfq
rNNC3(�Tp�wttm) Naviga
~
i
rru
Satell
J
ffq J,Dd -3,09
pAC (.L=fOCn) 10 CIll R
8,40-9,46
pnC(ll-~2cn) 3,2 cm
380
ManKU - om emvunu
transpi
3o
r~
k
PAC ()L edMH) beacan;
8 mm Radar
aoo
rr4 GHz
Cua ~ 1 ~
.
oneia" (3)
Lt"
:1 Ot3
Lte tdar
Radar
>nder
~
Figure B1. Band of frequencies used for radionavigation systems.
Key: 1. Directional radio beacons;
2. Omnidirectional radio beacons;
3. Corrections for the "Omega" differential radio
navigation system;
4. Radio buoys;
5. Radio beacons for takin bearings.
Radionavigation systems are broken down into pulsed (the s.,gn:is are transmitted
at intervals separated in time, as pulses) and CW radionavi;;ation systems,
according to the nature of the transmitted and received signals (B.1).
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rvn va`I'1~.1HL UJG V1NLY
TABLE B.1
Navigation
- Parameter
Radionavigation
Being
System ClassiEi-
Name of the Shipboard Equipment
- Measured
cation
Direction
Goniometric
The "Rybka" and "RLmb" (visual
dual channel) radio direction
finders; the "Okean-M",
"Lotsiya", "Don", "Mius", etc.
radars.
Distance
Range finding
i'he "Omega" (range finding mode)
radions-vigation system display
receivers, radars (see above) and
"A1'fa", "Yenisey" and "Briz"
collision warning systems
Difference in
Difference xange
"Pirs-1M", Pirs-1D", KPI-4,
ranges
finding (radionaviga-
KPI-5F, "Omega" radionavigation
tion systems with
display receivers and display
time and frequency
receivers of sate4.lite navigation
-
gating. Pulse-phase
systems.
-
radionavigatioi:
systems)
Speed
Radionavigation.;
Navigation satellite display
systems and radard
receivers (differential method),
using the doppler
"Istra" radar '(docking) and other
effect
radars (see above).
~ Time
-
"Omega", "Loran-C" and naviga-
tion satellite radionavigation
~
system display receivers (in the
precise time measurement mode).
The riavigation parameter which is contained either in the time delay of the radio
signals relative to each other (radio navigation systems using time gating, radars)
or in the phase relationships of the received radio signals (phase radionaviga-
tion systems, radio range finders, etc.) is determined as a function of the
measurement of the radio signal voltages (see B.1).
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CHAPTER 1 GONIOMETRIC MARINE RADIONAVIGATION SYSTEMS
1.1. Marine Radio Direction Finders and Their Classification
Radio direction finder is the term for a radio receiving device which makes it
possible to determine the direction of arrival of radio waves. The angle
between the center line of a ship and the direction to a radio beacon, called
the relative radio bearing (RKU), and the angle between true north and the
direction to a radio beacon, called the observed radio bearing (RP) are deter-
mined using a radio direction finder.
~ Because of the simplicity of the device, the high reliability and the compara-
- tively low cost, radio direction f inders find wide applications in vessels of
the maritime and fishing fleets.
Radio direction finders make it possible to solve the following navigational
problems:
a) Determine the radio bearings to radio navigation beacons, omnidirectional
radio stations and commercial fishi:.g sonobuoys;
b) Pilot a ship using equal signal zones produced by directional radio beacons;
c) Take DF' readings on ships transmitting distress signals.
Radio direction finders must be installed on all ships in accordance with inter-
national regulations to assure seafaring safety and protect human lives at sea.
Proper operation of a radio direction finder is possible when such factors as
the following are taken into account, which degrade the accuracy of radio
I direction finding:
--The subjectivity in determining the audibility minimum of a signal;
--The necessi.ty of carefully cancellir.ig out the out-of-phase signal components
("an indistinct minimum");
--The influene:e of space radio wa-.re.s r-t night ("the nighttime effect");
--The necessity of carefully determining aad ::ompensating for the radio deviation;
--The change in the position of the signal audibility minimum during maneuvering
and rocking of the vessel.
Marine radio direction finders are broken down into aural and visual types
according to the method of indicating the bearing.
In aural radio ciirection finders, a bearing is taken on radio beacons and radio
stations aurally based on the minimum of the signal audibility. These types of
instruments include radio direction finders with a rotating loop and goniometric
radio direction finders.
The further development of radio direction finding equipment has led to the
design of various types of radio direction finders with visual display of a
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a-% va'ra t.atla. v"a:. Vl\Ll
bearing, of which the following find application at the present time:
--Automatic radio di.rection finders with a tracking goniometer search coil (ARP);
_ --Visual radio direction finders with cathode ray tube displays (VRP).
In automatic radio direction finders wi!=h a tracking system, it is necessary
~ only to tune the receiver to the frequency of the radio beacon or radio station
for which the DF bearing is being taken, after which the bearing is determined
automatically. Radio direction finders of this type have substantial drawbacks
which limit their application in ships of the maritime fleet. These include the
following:
--The appearance of false bearing readouts in the presence of interference from
radio stations on adjacent frequencies;
--TYie considerable inertia of the tracking system, which leads to direction find-
ing errors when a vessel is rocking;
--The poor interference immunity, which causes arbitrary fluctuations of the
meter in the pauses between radio beacon signals.
Visual radio direction finders with CRT displays are broken down into two types:
1} Dual channel visual radio direction finders with a CRT (DVRP);
- 2) Radio direction finders which sketch the directional pattern on the screen of
the CRT (VRP).
At the present time, dual channel visual radio direction finders have become the
most widespread on ships of the merchant marine, where these finders have the
following distinctive features:
--The channels of the radio direction finder can be manually balanced using
signals from the radio beacon on which the bearing is being taken;
--The capability of estimating direction finding quality;
--The existence of a narrow bandwidth in the receiver (300 to 600 Hz).
Single channel radio direction finders using CRT's with the directional pattern
outlined on the screen have proven themselves quite well in operation, where
these finders are distinguished by the following:
--Simplicity in talcing a radio bearing;
--Low inertia of the bearing indication;
--The capability of estimating the direction finding quality.
1.2. The "Rybka" Marine Aural Indicating Radio Direction Finder
Function and Operational and Technical Characteristics
Ttie "Rybka" aural radio direction finder is used on ships of the commercial
_ fishing and merchant marine fleets, and makes it possible to do the following:
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--Determine radio bearings to navigation radio beacons, omni3irectional radio
stations and fishing industry sonobuoys;
--Pilot a ship using equal signal zones produced by directional radio beacons;
--Take RDF bearings on ships transmitting distress signals.
The following are included in the basic equipment set of a radio direction
finder: loop antenna, antenna mast, "inclined beam" or "whip" type omnidirec-
tional antenna, goniometric receiver, r.adio operator signal panel and junction
box. The equipment complement of a radio direction finder depends on the structural
design of the goniometric receiver unit, the diameter of the loop antenna, the
_ type of selsyns used to track with the gy_ocompass and the voltage of the ship-
board power mains.
A type RA loop antenna is made from two mutually perpendicular shielded loops.
The RA-1.2-4 loop has four turns with a diameter of 1.2 m while the RA-0.6-6
loop has six turns with a diameter of 0.6 m. The turns of the loop winding are
- housed inside shielding duraluminum tubes with a diameter of 30 mm. The upper
loop assembly is made of an insulating material. The center taps of the winding
are connected through capacitors to the chassis, something which makes it
possible to check the insulation resistance of the loop circuit with respect
to the loop housing without disconnecting the center tap of the loop winding.
The antenna mast is fabricated from duraluminum pipe with a diameter of 84/76 mm
and a height of 1.6 m. The mast has an upper flange and guys with turnbuckles
for fastening to a deck. The loop antenna is secured to the upper flange of the
mast with bolts.
The "inclined beam" type omnidirectional antenna is made from copper antenna
- cable 6 to 8 m long.
The junction box is intended for connecting all of the cables to the goniometric
receiver unit. To provide for spray protection, all of the cables are brought
into the junction box through packing glands.
The goniometric receiving unit contains the receiver, the goniometric unit, the
compensating device and the power supply. The OP-120F converter converts the shipboard power mains direct current to single
phase alternating current at a voltage of 127 V at a frequency of 50 Hz.
The signaling panel is intended for signaling the position of the ship antennas.
The overall dimensions of the components of the equipment set and their weight
- are given below:
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Overall Dimensions, Weight,
mm
kg
The goniometric receiver
470 x 253 x
360
30
-
Loop antenna:
600 mm diameter
680 x 680 x
900
14.5
1,200 mm diameter
1,280 x 1,280 x 1,592
21.5
Auxiliary antenna
6000
3
Signal panel
242 x 129 x
100
3.5
Antenna mast
1600
9
A
Storage battery
481 x 257 x
165
35
OP-12flF inverter
314 x 178 x
234
12
Connecting cable

14
The
"Rybka" radio direction finder
has the following specific
features:
a)
It provides for radio direction
finding at medium and intermediate wa
velengths;
b)
It is produced in a desk top and
console design;
c)
It is made with transistors, nuv
istors and micromodules;
d)
Provides for sensing by means of
a meter with a pointer.
The major operational and technical specifications of the radio direction finder
are given below:
- Frequency bands which can be received:
Medium wave, KHz
255 - 535
Intermediate wavelengths, MHz
1.60 - 3.35
Signal modes which can be received
A1, A2, A3
Mean arithmetic radio direction finding error, degrees,
in the following frequency bands:
255 - 535 KHz
1
1.6 - 3.35 MHz
3
Readout accuracy of a bearing on the scale, degrees
0.5
_ Sensitivity, microvolts:
In the A2 and A3 modes for a signal/noise ratio of
3:1, in the following frequency bands:
255 - 535 KHz
2
1.6 - 3.35 MHz
1
In the Alnarrow mode for a si.gnal/noise ratio of
15:1 in the following frequency bands:
255 - 535 KHz
0.5
1.6 - 3.35 MHz
1
Channel selectivity, dB:
Adjacent channel rejection for frequenc.y offset
of + 10 KHz
50
T1O _
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500060001-9
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
Image frequency rejection
60
Intermediate frequency rejection
60
- Intermediate frequency bandwidth, Ha:
5500
" Wide
Narrow
300
Graduation error in the tuning scale, %
0.5
Manual gain control, dB
70
Electrical compensation for the radio deviation
coefficient D* in the 255 - 535 KHz frequency band,
- degrees
+(2--20)
Length of the connecting feeders for the antenna, m:
The D-1200 loop
15
- Auxiliary
7
Antenna insulation resistance, MOhm -
10
Power consumption:
From the. 127/220 VAC mains at a frequency of 50 Hz,
_ VA
35
From the 24, 110 or 220 volt-DC mains, watts
200 -
From the 24 volt emergency storage batteries, watts
30
Duration of continuous operation from the emergency
storage batteries, hours
10
Rated operating life, hours
8,060
Weight of the complete radio direction finding set, kg
158
A block diagram of the "Rybka" rauio direction finder js shown in Figure 1.1.
With the action of an electromagnetic field from a transmitting radio station,
currents are induced in the loop and omnidirectional antennas of the radio
direction finder which flow through the field coils of the goniometer and pro-
duce magnetic fields in them. An antiradar filter, a PLF, is used to eiiminate
interference from shipboard radars. A search coil rotates inside the field
coils, where an e.m.f, is induced in the search coil which depends on the angle
between the plane of the search coil and the resulting magnetic field of the
goniometer. The voltage is fed from the main search coil to the input resonant
circuit of the radio frequency amplifier, the UVCh, which consists of an ampli-
fication stage with a bandpass filter in the load and an aperiodic amplifier
stage.
The voltage from the RF amplifier output and from the first local oscillator,
G, is fed through a buffer aperiodic amplifier to the first ring mixer. The
first intermediate frequency (IF = 1,198 KHz) is fed to the single stage ampli-
fier for the first IF having a bandpass filter in the load, and then to a
* D is the quaternary ratio deviation coefficient.
_11 _
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500060001-9
rux uYFCinL wE uNLY
second frequency converter consisting of a crystal controlled second local
oscillator (1,413 KHz), an aperiodic buffer amplifier and a second ring mixer.
~
~
-
-
D
-

i
~o~
~
I
~
~
D
~CN
p
~
I
(~~6ny
(7)
~ II
D
AQ '

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Figure 1.1. Block liagram of the "Rybka" radio direction finder.
Key: 1. Compensating unit;
2. Antiradar filter;
3. Deviation compensator;
4. Goniometer;
5. Radio frequency amplifier;
6. Intermediate frequency amplifier;
7. Lumped sel'ectivi~y filter;
8. Power suppiy;
9. Regulator;
10. Ship power mains;
11. Audio amplifier;
12. Dynamic loudspeaker;
13. Oscillator;
14. AM detector;
15. Telephone headsets.
The second intermediate frequency of 215 KHz is fed frflm the output of the
second ring mixer to a three stage second IF amplifier: the first stage has a
lumped selectivity filter, a FSI; the second stage has a crystal filter (when
a narrow bandwidth is used) or has a bandpass filter (when a broad bandwidth is
used); and a third stage with a single tuned circuit in the load.
The second IF voltage is fed from the output of the third stage to the AM detector
AD.
When receiving nondecaying A1 signals, the voltage from a third oscillator is
additionally fed to the detector through an aperiodic buffer amplifier where
the frequency of this oscillator varies in a range of 216 to 218 KHz. The audio-
frequency output signal in this case is obtained as a result of the beafi fre-
quency resulting from the second intermediate frequency and the third oscillator
frequency.
12
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I- - - - ~
~ 5 yB4-I
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~
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L
niLaamop
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-906 -1
6 16816 V.
~

i

vY~vv(15)
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- The audiofrequency signal from the detector output is fed to a three stage
audiofrequency amplifier, the UNCh, the first two stages of which are designed
in an aperiodic circuit configuration, while the output stage uses a push-pull
transformer circuit. The amplified audiofrequency signal is fed to a dynamic
loudspeaker, DGr, and two pairs of TA-56M type low impedance telephone.sets.
The power supply BP provides for the operation of the radio direction finder
from the 127, 220 or 24 volt AC mains, from 110�; 220 or 24 volt DC tn3ins as
well as from the emergency 24 volt storage batteries.
The voltage of the shipboard power mains is fed through the mains filter and the
SHIP POWER switch to the power transformer of the rectifier, which is designed
in a bridge configuration with parametric voltage regulation.
The +16 and -16 V voltages for powering the relays and lighting circuits are
taken directly-from the rectifier, while the regulated r10 and -10 V voltages
for powering the entire radio receiver circuit are taicen from the parametric
regulator.
Controlling the "Rybka" Radio Direction Finder
The operational controls and indicating dials used by the navigator when working
directly with the radio direction finder are located on the front panel of the
goniometric receiver (Figure 1.2).
5 6 7
n r
~ ` H �
Rece ivi
1 IFMtM
rmqcrv unM (
; �a.. ~r~
~ ,ywr nvnti.uA .~o� .
INCt101tIW r R~ eeiu~ u�vw
3 _ ~si! w
� O ~
r.~iwr
2 ~
' i.e-sswrq
TEAEmOFf
1 O
, r ~ A'O p ~ Ao"~A~A, (E
EG}ij~H) ~
R BKA
, I .T K L
A
9
f0
f1
Figure 1.2. The front panel of the "Rybka" radio direction finder.
Key: A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Input fine tuning;
Reception pattern;
Tuning;
Off;
Power check;
Telephone headsets;
12a-
F. Storage battery;
G. Set minimum;
H. Take bearing;
I. Beat frequency oscillator;
J. Operating mode: A1 narrow;
A1 wide; A.2, A3;
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2447/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500464441-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Key [c.;nt. ] : K. Volume;
L. Gain reserve [spline key operated RI~' gain controlj.
The DF BEARING signal light serves for monitoring the position of the shipboard
antennas and comes on after they are isolated.
The SET MINIMUM control 1 is intended for rotating the sighting pointer to the
position of the minimum of the radio beacon signal audibility.
The scale f.or the relative radio bearings, 2(the stationary scale), with divi-
sions of 1�, serves for reading out the relative radio bearing.
The sca"le for the observed radio bearings, 3(the moving scale), with scale
divisions of 1�, serves for reading out the observed bearings.
Control 4, INPUT FINE TUNING, is intended for fine tuning the radio direction
finder to the radio beacon frequency based on the maxiinum loudness of the
radio beacon call signs.
Switch 5, RECEPTION PATTERN, has four fixed positions and serves to switch the
radio direction finder to the following modes: "watch duty reception", "direc-
tion finding", "sensing".
Frequency tuning scale 6 has numerical scale graduations for the medium wave band
(outside scale) with intervals of 2 KHz, and intervals of 20 KHz for the inter-
mediate frequency band (inside scaie).
' Meter 7 makes it possible to monitor the power supply voltage and visually
observe the min-imum of the radio beacon signal audibility.
The POWER SUPPLY CHECK switch has six fixed positions and serves to turn on the
radio direction finder and check the supply voltages.
TUNING control 8 is intended for precise tuning to the radio beacon frequency
using the frequency tuning scale or based on maximum audible loudness of the
radio beacon call signs. �
TUNING control 9 serves for coarse tuning to the radio beacon frequency using the
frequency tuning scale.
Bandswitch 10 has two fixed positions:
Band I(medium wave): 255--535 KHz
Band II (intermediate wavelengths): 1.6--3.5 MHz.
Telephone jacks 11 serve for connecting two pairs of headsets.
- The GAIN RESERVE control (spline key) is intended for changing the sensitivitv of
the radio direction finder.
The VOLUME control serves for continuous control of the volume of the radio
beacon signal being received.
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The OPERATING MODE switch has three positions. In the first two switch positions
("A1 narrow" and "A1 wide"), the telegraph signals of radio beacons and radio
stations operating in the Al mode are received, while in the third position, the
_ eignals of radio beacons and radio stations operating in A2 and A3 modes are
received with a wide bandwidth.
Loudspeaker 12 serves for hearing the radio beacon signal.
The BFO control serves to obtain a desirable tone for the beat frequency in the
headsets when receiving the signals of radio beacons operating in the A1 mode.
Controls which are not normally used during operation are placed under a cap on
the front panel of the goniometric receiver, where these controls are used when
_ preparing the radio direction finder for operaticn.
The SHIP POWER switch is used for selecting the power supply voltage.
The DEVIATION COMPENSATION switch makes it possible to compensate for the radio
deviation coefficient D in a range of from -2� to 20�.
The ZERO SET control serves to match the scales of the radio direction finders
to the gyrocompass repeater.
The GONIOMETER AXIS LOCK makes it possible to stop the goniometer rotor when
zero setting the goniometer indicator.
- Technical Operation Regulations
The following are to be done during wa.tch duty reception:
--The Power Check switch is set in the "RECEIVE" position;
--Switch 5, RECEPTION PATTERN, is set in the "0" position;
-=The OPERATING MODE switch is set in the "Al.wide" Position when receiving the
signals of radio beacons operating in the A1 mode, or in position "A2A3" when
receiving the signals of radio beacons operating in the A2 or A3 modes;
- --The bandswitch is set to the requisite position;
~ --The VOLUME control is set to the position in which noise is heard in the head-
sets;
--Using the coarse and fine tuning controls, one tunes to the frequency of a
radio beacon for the maximum radio beacon signal loudness;
--Using the BEAT FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR control, the desirable beat frequency tone
is obtained in the headsets;
--Maximum volume of the radio beacon signal is obtained by using control 4,
INPUT FINE TUNING.
In the case of direction finding and sensing, the following are to be done:
t~4-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/42109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
rux urrtl.lwL UJ1G uivLY
~ --Switch 5, RECEYTION PATTERN, is set to the position;
--Using control 4, INPUT FINE TUNING, maximum volume is obtained;
--The pointer is set to the position of minimal radio beacon signal audibility
tdith control 1, SET MINIMUM:
--The RECEPTION PATTERN switch 5 is set sequentially to the positions of the
- Qreen and red cardiod patterns; if the least audibility is obtained in the
_ rPd cardiod position, then the pointer must be rotated through 180�;
--Check the correctness of the sensing determination using the indicating meter
when the POWER CHECK switch is set in the "receive" position. The green
cardiod position of RECEPTION PATTERN switch 5 should correspond to the least
deflection of the meter needle;
--Switch RECEPTION PATTERN switch 5 to the position and by alternately
rotating the SET MINIMUM control and the RECEPTION PATTERN switch, obtain the
~ lowest minimum of the audibility (the sharpest silence angle) and the minimal
def].ection of the meter needle in the "receive" position of the POWER CHECK
switch;
--Determine the bearing (or the relative radio bearing) as the average arithmetic-
al value of two readings made at the boundaries of the silence angle. For
example: the silence angle is bounded by readings of 61 and 67�; the true
reading will be (61� + 67�)/2 = 64�;
--After taking the readings, check the radio deviation correction using the
residual radio deviatiori curve.
1.3. The "Barkas" Portable Marine Aurally Indicating Radio Direction Finder
Function and Composition of the Equipment Package
The "Barkas" portable radio direction finder is intended for small f ishing
vessels and makes it possible to do the following: ,
--Determine the radio bearings to navigation radio beacons and omnidiiectional
ra3io stations as well as fishing sonobuoys;
--Take radio bearings on ships transmitting distress signals.
The operational and technical characteristics of the radio direction finder are
given below:
Received frequency bands:
Medium wave, KHz
Intermediate wavelengths, MHz
Types of signals which can be received
The precision in setting the tuning frequency, %
Mean arithmetic radio direction finding error,
in degrees, in the following frequency bands:
250 - 550 KHz
~.5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
250 - 550
1.6 - 3.35
Al, A2, A3, A3A,
A3H
1
1
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
c
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
1.6 - 3.35 MHz
7
Sens.itivity for reception with an omnidirectional
ancenna and a signal/noise ratio of 20 dB, in
uV/m, in the following frequency bands;
250 - 550 KHz 500
1.6 - 3.35 MHz 700
Channel selectivity in dB.:
Adjacent channel reduction for a frequency
difference of +10 KHz 40
Image frequency re~ection 40
The intermediate frequency bandwidth in Hz 3000
Power consumption in watts
3
Continuous operational time from an 8KNG-Ts
storage battery, hours 6
Mean time between failures, hours 1500
Weight of the radio direction finder, kg 7
The following are included in the delivered equipment set of the radio direction
finder: the receiver and indicator unit, type TA-56M headsets, type 8KNGTs-1D
storage batteries, a cable with a filter, a base and a charger and discharger
unit.
A block diagram of the radio direction finder is shown in Figure 1.3.
Tne raaio direction finuer consists of the antenna rotating unit, the antenna
amplifier, the radio receiver, the headsets TF and the KNGTs-1D type batteries
or "Rubin-1" drycell.
- The antenna rotating unit has two antennas: a directional antenna which takes
the form of two mutually perpendicular ferrite rods.with antenna coils wound
- on them, and an omnidirectional antenna in the form of a shortened whip with a
capacitive load.
1
,
The antenna amplifier is designed in a resistance coupled amplifier configuration
using a field effect transistor with a high input impedance, which provides for
matching to the omnidirectional antenna. The amplifier load is the input
resonant circuit consisting of an inductance coil and a variable capacitor. The
- signal from the input circuit is fed to the radio frequency amplifier input,
where this amplifier is designed around a K2US241 integrated circuit with a
bandpass filter as the load in the collector circuit.
The frequency converter and first local oscillator are designed around a single
K2ZhA242 integrated circuit. The first local oscillator uses a capacitive
feedback circuit. The voltage from the frequency converter is amplified by a
four stage IF amplifier (the IF section), made using four identical K2US242
~ integrated circuits. The load of the first stage is an electromechanical filter
-16-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

- i I (2) 6noKBy
~
r I

' ~ (1 Noem cmpoucmdo~m i! I
~
_ I- - - 6nnH f!4 ~ r ~ 6noK N4 - - - ~
uo r A~4 ~ I
L--.-~~--- 8~
flp~eM~rax ( 9 )
~aHena I Z10 ~ i rnaae~a 11(6n) (12 ) ~ ~
eaacmop- A ( I ma rt- I Ar - ynynRmopei
i eru roocm w I ~ ' I ~~amo
11 6�~a eA 13 S':erage
L~-~ Batteries
Batterv
Figure 1.3. Block diagram of the "Barkas" radio direction finder.
Key: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
_ 11.
= 12.
13.
Antenna steering unit;
Radio frequency section;
Intermediate frequency section;
Electromechanical filter;
Low frequency section;
Regulator;
Oscillator;
AM detector;
Receiver;
Panel I;
Resistor bridge;
Panel II (power supply);
Regulator
which governs the bandwidth and selectivity of the IF amplifier. The remaining
- three IF stages provide for the requisite gain in the channel.
The voltage from the output of the last IF amplifier stage is fed to an audio-
frequency amplifier unit (the audiofrequency section). The following are
assembled on the board for the audiofrequer.cy section: a voltage regulator,
the second local oscillator, the AM detector and an audi.ofrequency amplifier.
The voltage regulator, which is designed around a K2PP241 integrated circuit,
is intended for stabilizing the operating points of the radio freqliency ampli-
fier, converter and first local oscillator stages. The second local oscillator
is intended for receiving A1 signals and restoring the carrier when receiving
A3A and A3H signals. The oscillator is turned on when the radio direction finder
operates in a telegraph mode and is designed around a k2ZhA242 integrated circuit
using a crysta.l controlled oscillator.
T 17 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102109: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
(A ) MMANMF - "I
IIOJ~ 11! ]11I1(N~tN
/
~
(B)
0
~
(C)
WKA/lA NACrF011RN Il(U
f OC6 NIIC//OR�N '
PT I ~r (L+) r
~

~
x
x
i-
< .
s
~
Z (K)
�
R
0
Figure 1.4. The front panel of the "Barkas" radio direction finder.
Key: A. CAUTION! INPUT NOT PROTECTED! ,
B. Signal mode switch; G. Monitor switch;
C. Tuning; H. Azimuth scale light;
D. Tuning light; I. Antenna rotate;
E. Gain control; K. Operating mode switch.
F. Tuning scale, KHz;
The detector stage combines the functions of an AM detector and a converter.
In a telephone mode, it is used to segregate the envelope of amplitude modulated
- signals, while'in a telegraph mode, it serves to obtain the beat frequency
between the intermediate frequency and the second local oscillator. The detec-
tor is designed around a K2ZhA242 integrated circuit in a common emitter con-
figuration. The detector load is the input impedance of the audio preamplifier.
_ The audio amplifier consists of a preamplification stage, designed around
transistors in a cascode circuit configuration, and a final stage using KT-312V
transistors in a push-pull circuit. The audio amplifier is loaded into one
pair of low impedance TA-56M headsets. A 200 uA microammeter is used to monitor
- the output volta,~e of the radio direction finder, where the audio frequency
voltage detected oy a diode and smoothed by a filter, which is located on panel
I in the resistor bridge, is fed to the microammeter.
The power supply voltage is monitored by the microammeter, which is connected
through an electrical scale extension circuit for the instrument, located on
panel II.
The cover compartment of the radio direction finder is broken down into two
parts. The voltage regulator which provides for operation of the radio direction
- ~18 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
FOR dFFICIAL U5E ONLY
finder from the ship batteries is housed in one portion while the back-up power
source (a "Rubin-1" battery) is housed in the other section.
The front panel of the radio direction finder is shown in Figure 1.4. The
operational controls, monitor and indicating instruments used by the operator
when working directly with the radio direction finder are located on the face
and side walls of the housing: the TUNING control, SIGNAL MODE switch, band-
switch, AZIMUTH LIGHT button, ANTENNA ROTATE control, OPE?tATING MODE switch,
the indicating meter 3, the MONITOR button, telephone jacks 4, the TUNING SCALE
in KHz, the TUNING LIGHT button and the GAIN control. A 24 volt plug is placer'
on the back panel to connect the cable when getting power from shipboard storage
batteries as well as two toggle switches: ON--OFF when powered from the ship-
board storage batteries and INTERNAL-EXTERNAL when powered from the external
source (shipboard storage batteries) or the internal source (two "Rubin-1"
batteries).
Operating ilodes
Watch Duty Reception. In this mode, the OPERATING MODE switch is in the "0"
position. Only the signal from the omnidirectional antenna is used which is
fed to the antenna amplifier and then through the switch to the input tuned
circuit of the RF amplifier. '1'he directional pattern of the antenna has the
shape of a circle. In this mode, one tunes to the frequency of the transmitting
radio station and listens to it.
Direction Finding Mode. In this case, the OPERATING MODE switch is in the "oo"
position. The main directional antenna is used for reception. The signal from
this antenna is fed through the switch to a balancing transformer and then to
the input circuit of the RF amplifier. The antenna directional pattern has the
shape of a figure eight. In this mode, one takes DF bearings on radio beacons
and radio stations at the moment of the signal audibility minimum when rotating
the ANTENNA ROTATE control.
Sensing. In this case, the OPERATING MODE switch is alternately set in positions
1(red dot) and 2(green dot). The signal from the auxiliary directional
antenna is fed through the switch to the balancing transformer and then to
the input circuit of the RF amplifier, while the signal from the nondirectional
antenna is fed to the same input circuit directly through the switch. The signals
from the auxiliary directional and omnidirectional antennas are added together.
The resulting directional pattern has the shape of a cardiod, the minimum of
which is shifted in space through 180�. The unambiguous direction to the radio
station or radio beacon is indicated by the pointer of the colored marker which
matches the color of the marker on the OPERATING MODE switch for which the
output voltage and the audibility are a minimum.
Technical Operation Regulations.
During watch duty reception, the following is to be done:
, --Set the OPERATING MODE switch to the "0" position;
-19-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
FOR Ok'F[CIAL USE ONLY
--Set the SIGNAL MODE switch to the "Tg" ["telegraph"] position;
--Set the requisite band by means of switch 4;
--Set the GAIN control to the position for which noise is heard in the headphones;
--Tune to the frequency of the beacon on which a bearing is being taken using
_ the TUNING control for the maximum signal loudness and maximum deflection of the
meter needle.
When taking a bearing and making the sense determination, the following is to
be done:
--Set the OPERATING MODE switch to the "oo" position;
--Using the ANTENNA ROTATE control, set the pointer to the position for minimal
signal audibility from the radio beacon;
--Sequentially set the OPERATING MODE switch in the 1(red dot) and 2(green
dot) positions;
--If the least audibility is obtained in position 1, then the pointer must be
rotated through 180�;
--Determine the direction to the radio beacon using the color marker on the
pointer, which matches the color of the marker on the OPERATING MODE switch
for which the signal audibility is minimal;
--Throw the OPERATING MODE switch to the "co" position and determine the boundaries
of the silence angle;
--Using the azimuth scale, determine the rElative radio bearing as the average
arithmetic value of the two readings made at the boundaries of the silence
angle; --After taking the readings, take into account the radio deviation correction
using the residual radio deviation curve.
1.4. The "Rumb" Dual Channel Marine Visual Radio Direction Finder
Function and Complement of the Complete Equipment Package
The visually indicating "Rumb" RDF is in*ended for mercha.nt marine vessels and
makes it possible to do the following:
--Determine radio bearings to navigation r.-qdio 'Seacons and omnidirectional
radio stations;
--Pilot ships using the radio signal zones produced by directional radio beacons;
--Take radio bearings on ships transmitting distress signals.
The composition of the equipment package of the rad=o direction finder depends
on the variant of the receiver and indicator unit, the dimensions and type of
the loop antenna as well as the presence of an antenna mast and the shipboard
power mains voltage. T 2Q ^
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONY.Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2447102/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500464441-9
FOR OFF[C[AL U5E ONLY
The basic radio direction finder package contains the fo11_owing units: a loop
antenna, an antenna mast, an "inclined beam" omnidirectional antenna, an antenna
amplifier (AU), a receiver and indicator unit as well as a power supply and
radio operator signal panel.
- The "Rumb" radio direction finder has the following specific features:
1) It possesses "visual selectivity", which makes it possible to take bearings
on the signals of two to three radio stations which simultaneously fall caithin the
gassband of the radio direction finder;
2) It makes it possible to continuously monitor the balance of the channels during
direcL-ion finding;
3) Provides for nonsearch detection of radio beacon signals because of the use
of a crystal controlled digital tunin; display.
The major operational and technical characteristics of the radio direction finder
- are given below:
- The frequency bands which can be received are:
Medium wave, KHz 250 - 545
- Intermediate wavelengths, MHz 1.6 - 2.85
Types of signals which can be received Al, A2, A3
Precision in setting the frequency from the
digital display, KHz 0.5
Mean square direction finding error, degrees, in
the f_ollowing frequency bands:
250 - 545 KHz 1
1.6 - 2.85 MHz 3
Sensitivity when receiving with the 1,200 mm
diameter loop, a feedline with a length of L=
30 m and a signal/noise ratic of 10:1, in uV/m,
in the following frequency bands:
- 250 - 545 KHz 25
1.60 - 2.85 MHz 25
Channel selectivity, in dB:
- Image frequency rejection 60
Intermediate frequency rejection 80
Intermediate frequency bandwidth, Hz:
Wide band f_or the audio cliannel 3,000
Narrow band for the visual channel 500
Radio deviation compensation, in degrees, for the
_ following coeff.icients:
A � +5
D from -8 to +20
' The length of connecting feedlines, in m, for the
following antennas:
r21,-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

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Loop antenna 30 - 70
Auxiliary antenna 10
Antenna insulation resistance, MOhms 10
Power consumption from the I27/220 volt, 50 Hz
mains, in VA 120
Weight of the complete radio direction finder set,
in kg 96
A block diagram of the "Rumb" radio direction finder is shown in Figure 1.5.
The voltages from the longitudinal and transverse loop antennas are fed to the
_ input unit of the display receiver. The input unit matches the antenna and
feedline to the input amplifier of the radio frequency'section, the BVCh,
accomplishes the cross switching of the loop antennas between the I and II
receiver-amplifier channels and amplifies the omnidirectional antenna signals.
A block diagram of the input section is shown in Figure 1.6. In the "bearing"
operating mode, contacts two and three of relay R1 on board Ul open the omni-
_ directional antenna circuit. In this mode, the signals are fed from the loop
antennas to the &.ude switchers DK1 of board U1, which in the case of operation
in the first band. are fed through the closed contacts 5 and 4, and 6 and 7 of
relay R2 of boar,i U2 and relay R2 of board U3 to the primary windings of trans-
formers Tr2 and Tr4.
(3) r , !lpur,nnuI +BuK�mnpl+eIu
(2 ) L6UhJ L 6CK ~ ~SnoK (4)
~ ~ f r------
Ay yBy y1141 y1141 ' Z By ~
L I 1 (8) (101
~1) � a I I I zj o f,7112 31IT~
L zz ~Ebl 1 I~ I LqE I
=
�E ~ ri rz nK o E
~ =1 I H
I
� riwZ
y'~ ~ I ( I I I
f
(12) B4 nYt J/141 rivz
~~2 By (20) I
~ 4 689(6)I L6N4~ L(8)
15 (16) (17)
Figure 1.5. Block diagram of the "Rumb" radio direction finder.
Key: l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
AU = antenna amplifier;
BTsI = digital display;
BSK = audio channel section;
ReceiveY-indicator unit;
UVCh = radio frequency amplifier;
UPChl = irtermediate frequency amplifier 1;
UPCh2 = intermediate frequency amplifier 2;
VU = output amplifiers;
Output switcher;
- 22 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500060001-9
Key [cont.]:
10. ELT =
11. PLF =
12. Input
13. Input
14. Radio
15. BVCh
secti
H'UN UHN1(:IAL Ubk; UNLY
16. BNCh = low frequency sec-
tion;
17. BIP = bearing indicating
block;
18. G1, G2 = local oscillatora
1 and 2;
19. PKU = switcher circuit
board;
20. Intermediate frequency 2.
cathode ray tube;
antiradar filter;
switcher;
section;
frequency amplifier;
= radio frequency
on;
In the second band, diode switchers DK1 of board U1 are connected through the
closed contacts 5 and 4, and 6 and 7 of relay R1 of board U2 and relay R1 of
board U3 to the windings of the matching transformers Trl and Tr3. The si3nal
is fed from the output windings of transformers Tr2 and Tr4 when operating in
the first frequency band and from the output windings of transformers Trl and
Tr3 when operating in the second band through emitter followers EP3 and EP4 of
board U4, and EP3 and EP4 of board U5 in the first case, and through emitter
followers EP1 and EP2 of board U4 and EP1 and EP2 of board U5 in the second
case to the corresponding selection and amplification channels of the high fre-
quency sectian (see Figure 1.5). The diode switchers DK1 - DK2 of board U1 are
switched by a square wave pulsed voltage at a frequency of 15 Hz, as a result
of which the output windings of the transformers Trl and Tr3 are cross switched
between inputs I and II of the amplifier channels.
In.the "watch duty" and "check" operating modes, the signal is fed from the
omnidirectional antenna through contacts 2 and 3 of relay R1 of board U1 to the
input of the broadband amplifier, which consists of three stages and has as a
load the primary windings of Trl and Tr2 of board U1.
The secondary windings of these transformers are connected to diode switcher
DK2, and the subsequent signal path is analogous to the "bearing" mode.
The signals from the input section (see Figure 1.5) are fed to the radio fre-
quency section, BVCh, which contains two identical amplifier stages for the
signals from the longitudinal and transverse loop antennas. The radio frequency
amplifier WCh, which is incorporated in the radio frequency section, performs
the following functions:
a) Provides for signal selection and amplification at the frequency which is
tuned in;
b) Provides for image frequency and 750 KHz intermediate frequency rejection;
c) Converts the amplified signal fl to the first intermediate frequency fIF =
750 KHz;
d) Controls the gain in steps.
A block diagram of the RF amplifier is shown in Figure 1.7. The RF amplifiers
of the first and second amplification channels are made with two identical
shielded strips. Two ganged sections of the five section block of variable
- 23 -
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
(4) (5)
U=ZOB 17nama Y2 l7nama Y4
(1) F_ 1sru M r -1
On ,,en~rr~.b~amana Tp ~ ~ I
JuQnamMo6 H ~ 3171
~ paMS._ ~ - - - - - - - S ~ 4 i (9)
I
~ ~ax Qx1 1 :3172]---)--
2 ) a,~me~N
~I H
2
~ I.K694 I Kz,ya:r,x
TO 2
~ pJ H ~ 3 4 H I 317J I ~11)
4K2 7 I i
(6) ~ TPZ p2 1 Z H 1 .9n4 ~
Om HPnanpadl H
nexea(.'L nHmeM- - - - -
j ~ /Inam. a YT Tp1 - ~
I ~ I 3+ H ~ 3,171
2 (
Orrr�neKPw~ ( 3119 D 8
4QmP'A POQ~ 1, '
7 ) H I 5172
(aA6orbf (s) I P1 1 2 ra~ I,YSB411ffC1,vQ.'7
Pf 3n2 i 1 (12)
. 4 . H I ~P9
Lnnama ;~I 9 ) 1 (
7 I
~ p9 3n4 ~
~ (13~ ~ I
ir~ neoeKn~o~ameAa L _ - - - - - - J
9uan230++Od /lncma y5
U = 295
(1) f �'si'~4 UU
Figure 1.6. Block diagram of the input section.
Key: l. U= 20 volts, f= 15 Hz, from the bandswitch;
2. From the loop antennas;
3. Diode switcher l;
4. Board U2;
5. Board U4;
6. From the omnidirectional antenna;
-24-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Key [cont.]: 7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
d
0
,0 n
oe
~o
(1)~
( 8) d
c
"o ~t
ti
(6)
Figure 1.7. Block diagram of the RF amplifier.
Key: 1. Band I input;
2. Tuned circuit 1;
3. Emitter follower 1;
4. Gain control 1;
5. Amplifier 1;
6. Mixer 1;
7. Tuned circuit 3;
8. Band II input;
9. Heterodyne oscillator 1 input.
(7)-
Bb/y'O9 750 KH'L
7 UK!'q0utput
capacitors are used to tune the RF circuits for bands I and II in both channels.
The radio frequency signal is fed from the input section to the input resonant
circuit K1 when band T is switched on (to tuned circuit K2 when band II is
switched on). The signal at a frequency of fl which is segregated by tuned
circuit K1 is fed to emitter follower EP1, then to the 1:10 step gain control
J RUl and thereafter to amplifier U1, which is loaded into tuned circuit K3.
- The signal from amplifier Ul and the signal from the first local oscillator G1
are fed simultaneously to the input of balanced mixer Sml.
The converted signal at a frequency of flFl - 750 KHz is isolated in tuned cir-
cuit K3 and fed to the input of the first intermediate frequency amplifier
board.
ThP first intermediate frequency amplifier UPChl (see Figure 1.5) performs the
following functions:
-25*-
FOR OFFICiAL USE ONLY
From the OPERATING MODE switch;
Emitter follower 1;
Emitter follower 2;
Board U3;
To the high frequency section [RF front end] of
channel I;
To the high frequency section of channel II;
Relay R2.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102109: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
a) Amplifies the IF1 signal;
b) Converts the amplified IF1 signal at flFl = 750 KHz to the IF2 signal:
fIF2 = 33.3 KHz;
c) Provides for continuous gain control of the IF1 signal.
A block diagram of intermediate frequency amplifier 1 is shown in Figure 1.8.
(9
-271
-27 V.
(10
Figure 1.8. Block diagram of intermediate frequency amplifier 1.
Key: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Amplifier 1;
Emitter follower 1;
Gain control 1;
Amplif ier 2 ;
Amplifier 3;
Emitter f~llo~�~?r;
Gain control;
Local oscillator 2
783.3 KHz;
9. Intermediate frequency 1 input;
10. Monitor;
11. Intermediate frequency ampli-
fier 2 input;
12. Mixer 1;
13. Amplifi- 4;
14. Gain control 2.
In the "bearing" operating mode, the IF1 signal is fed from the output of mixer
Sml to the amplifier stage U1, which is loaded into a resonant circuit, and
then to emitter follower EP1, which matches the output impedance of the resonant
circuit and the input impedance of gain control circuit RU1. Following the
RU1 circuit, the signal is amplified Uy resistance coupled amplifiers U2 and U3
and thereafter fed to gain control circuit 2.
The signal level is continuously adjusted by a factor of 25 times in gain control
circuits 1 and 2, RU1 and RU2.
The signal is fed from the output of circuit RU2 to tuned amplifier U4, which
is loaded into a resonant circuit, and then to the mixer stage Sml, to which
the local oscillator signal of G2 is fed simultaneously. The signal is fed from
the output of mixer stage Sml to the input of intermediate frequency amplifier 2.
-26-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
In the "monitor" mode, relay R1 of the board for intermediate frequency ampli-
fier 1 connects the inputs of the first intermediate frequency amplifiers of
both amplifier channels in parallel. The low frequency section (see Figure 1.5) performs the following functions:
a) Amplifies the IF 2 signals within a passband of 500 Hz (narrow band) and
3 KHz (broadband);
b) Generates the voltages which control the input and output switcher circuits,
blank the trace and compensate for tlie D radio deviation coefficient;
c) Compensates for the D radio deviation coefficient.
(7) yaxononocHnai
(2) (3)' '
(4) ' '(5)
(6)
eb,ava
ca ~iiA D y1
3I79
y2 '3
H
Sl4
Bsiaoa
~ 8 ~ y5
D
( i )
D D
D
~ny2
(9)
~ 10 ) 6anaNC
annnumyO ~
pZ
CMeu,erue
6so0a
6A
(17)
~--~i lfoHmponn
(11)
Monitor
(12 ) y1 r-�- /f9 3172 (15)
MoniCor
lfoH�iponn
H ys (13 )ab~~oa no~nc~~n~1u a Pttc. 1.9. NynK1kuonanhnaH
1(16) cxeMa Yit42.
Figure 1.9. Block diagram of intermediate frequency amplifier 2.
Key: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
D compensation;
Emitter follower 1;
Amplifier 1;
Amplifier 2;
Amplifier 3;
Amplifier 4;
Narrow band output;
Amplifier 5;
Intermediate frequency
amplifier 2 output;
10. Amplitude balance;
11. Input bias;
12. Intermediate frequency 2;
13. TnTide band output;
14. Tuned circuit 1;
15. Emitter follower 2;
16. Amplifier 6;
17. Amplitude balance circuitry.
The functional circuitry of the low frequency section consists of two boards
for the intermediate frequency amplifiers (of the first and second channels),
the switcher board, the PKU as well as the boards for the compensation of the
D radio deviation coefficient (gain imbalancing of the channels).
A block diagram of the second intermediate frequency amplifier is shown in
Figure 1.9. The IF2 signal is fed to tuned circuit K1 of the IF amplifier 2
.,27..
FOR OFF[C'[AL USE ONLY
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board, which is the load for mixer Sm2 of the IF amplifier 1 board of the high
- frequency section.
The signal from tuned circuit K1 is fed through emitter follower EP2 simultan-
eously to amglifier U6 and to amplitude balancing circuit BA, which serves to
equalize the gain in both channels.
Following amplifier U6, the signal is fed through a filter to the broadband
output of the audio channel.
The signal is fed from the amplitude balancing circuit to the input of emitter
follower EP1, and thereafter to the compensation circuitry for the radio
deviation coefficient D and simultaneously to tuned amplifiers U1 - U3, with
which the requisite passband is shaped and the requisite signal gain is obtained.
The signal is fed from the output of resistance coupled amplifier U3 to resis-
tance coupled amplifier U4 and then through relay R2 to the input of the tuned
amplifier U5. Relay R2 is actuated in the mode when checking the operability of
the indicator-receiver unit.
The signal is fed from amplifier U5 to the input of the bearing indication unit,
BIP (see Figure 1.5), and to the narrow band output of the audio channel section,
the BSK, which is intended for listening to the call signs of the radio beacons
and radio stations operating in A1, A2 and A3 modes for which the bearings are
being taken.
A block diagram of the audio channel section is shown in Figure 1.10. The
signal is fed to the audio channel section via the two inputs for channels I
and II when operating with a broadband response in the A2 and A3 modes, and
via the single input when operating with a narrow bandwidth in the A1 mode.
Narrow Band ~ Oscillator
y3K�A no/loc�
BanB (2) 3/l3 (3) 3/15
~ 1) tKaimna 3/11 c
Baod Dy9 Dy1 3l14 Dy3 A'4 Dy4 ~H-55 (12)
(4) 1lKa/la.,v 3172 R T~(13 )
- (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
Figure 1.10. Block diagram of the audio channel section.
Key : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Channel I input;
Emitter follower l;
Emitter follower 3;
Channel II input;
Amplifier 1;
Amplifier 2;
Emitter follower 4;
8. Amplifier 3;
9. AM detector;
10. Amplifier 4;
11. Loudspealcer;
12. KI-55;
13. Headsets.
- 28 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFlCIAL USE ONLY
In the case of A2 and A3 operation, the signals from both channels of IF ampli-
fier 2 are fed separately to the inputs of emitter followers EP1 and EP2. .The
phases of the voltages fed via the two inputs, are shifted by 90� by a phase
shifting R and C network prior to combining them, because of which, the intens-
ity of the sum signal changes insignificantly for any course angle to the radio
beacon on which a bearing is taken.
The sum voltage is fed from the phase shifting network to amplifier stages U1
and U2 with resonant circuits in the load, which together with the output tuned
circuit of IF amplifier 2 provide for the specified passband.
The voltage is then fed to emitter follower EP4, and then to the untuned ampli-
fier stage U3. The amplified voltage is detected by amplitude detector AD and
fed to the audio amplifier U4, having outputs to a dynamic loudspeaker Gr head-
sets Tf and a KI-55 instrument.
(1)
r
BaoBByl/KaHan� fln�ma By
(4) U traN�n�
(2) B,xnd BSl I MaNann. /Inama By (3~
1 xaHana
ffilaina Indicator
BK NHaan�mop
(5)
Figure 1.11. Block diagram of the bearing indicator unit.
Key: 1. Channel I output amplifier input;
2. Channel I output amplifier board;
3. Output switcher board;
4. Channel II output amplifier input;
5. Channel II output amplifier board.
When operating in the A1 mode, the voltages are summed beforehand in the IF
amplifier 2 stages, and then the total voltage is fed to the input of emitter
follower EP3. The voltage is amplified in stages U1 - U3 and fad to the AM
detector AD. The voltage from the third local oscillator G is simultaneously
f:ed to the detector through emitter follower EPS. A difference frequency signal
is obtained as a result of the mixing of these voltages.
Following detection, the difference frequency voltage is fed to U4, with outputs
for loudspeaker, headsets and the KI-55 instrument.
The bearir.g indication unit, BIP (see Figure 1.5), is intended for the power
amplification af the IF 2 signals, the cross switching of the channels, the
display of the bearing on the screen of the CRT and sense determination. A block
diagram of the bearing indication unit is shown in Figure 1.11. The second
intermediate frequency signal is fed from the low frequency section to the inputs
of the output amplifier boards of the first and second channels.
-29-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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The output amplifier consists of a preamplifier stage, a.phase inverter stage
designed in a push-pull configuration, and a final stage, also using a push-
pull circuit.
The signals are fed from the output transformers of the output amplifier boards
to the output switcher board (VK), which switches the output circuits of both,
amplifier channels synchronously with the corresponding switching at the input,
which makes it possible to continuously monitor the balancing of the channels.
After passing through the diode switcher, the signals are fed from the output
transformers to the deflecting plates, and from the sense determination trans-
- formers to the modulator for the CRT (see Figure 1.5).
An antiradar filter, PLF, is inserted in the circuit of the omnidirectional
antenna to protect the receiver input against radar signals. A digital display
unit, BTsI, is used to visually observe the tuning frequency.
Operating Modes
Watch Duty Reception. Operating mode switch 18 is in the "watch duty" position
(Figure 1.12) [second position going clockwise]. Only the omnidirectional
antenna is used for radio recention. One tunes to the radio beacon frequency.
DF Bearing Mode. Operating mode switch 18 is set in the "bearing" position
[third position going clockwise]. The loop antenna is used for radio reception.
After fine-tuning the receiver and setting the gain, the channels are balanced
by the two BALANCE controls, 7 and 8. Bearings are taken on radio stations and
beacons in this mode.
Sense Determination. Operating mode switch 18 is set to the "bearing" position
and the SENSE button is pushed on the BEARING POINTER control. The loop and
omnidirectional antennas are used for radio reception. The quadrant correspond-
ing to the direction to the radio beacon is traced on the screen of the CRT 1.11
this mode. The bearing ambiguity is resolved in this mode.
The Monitor Mode. Operational mode switch 18 is set in the "monitor" po;~ition
[extreme clockwise position]. In this position, the operation of the set
is checked periodically by means of the OPERATING CHECK and VOLTAGE CHECK
switches and the meter 22.
Operating the "Rumb" Radio T)irection Finder
The operational controls and readouts used by the navigator when working directly
with the radio directio.n finder (see Figure 1.12) are located on the front panel
of the receiver-indicator unit.
The SWITCHER OFF push button [28] serves for hearing the call-sigas of the radio
beacons more clearly.
-3a-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
4-
~18
19
Figure 1.12. Front panel of the "Rumb" radio direction finder.
[See text for key]
The SENSE pushbutton [in the center of control 27] is intended for resolving
the ambiguity of the radio direction finder readout.
~ The BEARING POINTER control [27] serves for reading the relative radio bearing
and the observed bearing.
Moving pointer 1 has five parall'a1 lines for the correct alignment with the
image on the CRT screen. The readout is accomplished using the center line of
the pointer.
Control 4 for the D radio deviation coefficient compensation makes it possible
to compensate in a range of from -8� to +20�.
The scale for the radio bearing angles (statianary scale 2) with scale divisions
of 1� serves for reading the relative radio bearings.
The observed radio bearing scale (moving scale 3) with scale divisions of 1�
serv.es for reading the observed bearings.
The monitor signal light for the position of the shipboard antennas, ANTENNAS
ISOLATED, comes on after the isolation of the ship's antennas and the switch
on the signal panel of the radio operator is set tothe "take bearing" position.
Digital eisplay 6 for the tuning shows the tuned frequency of the radio direction
finder with a precision of 0.5 KHz.
The phase balance control 8, BALANCE, serves to equalize the phase shifts in
both channels.
- 3], -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500060001-9
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
- The gain balalice control 7, BALANCE, is intended for equalizing the gains of
both channels.
Loudspeaker 9 servez for listening to the radio beacons on which the bearing is
being taken.
The switch Al-A2-A3 (10) has four positions. In the first three switch positions,
narrow band reception is used for the telegraph signals of radio beacons and
radio stations operating in the A1 mode. In the fourth switch position, the
signals of radio stations and radio beacons operating in the A2 and A3 modes
are received with a wide bandwidth.
The VOLUME control 11 serves for the con.tinuous adjustment of the volume of
the signal being received.
The coarse tuning scale 12 has scale graduations for the medium wavelength band
(the outside scale) at intervals of 50 Khz, and for the intermediate wavelength
band at intervals of 0.2 MHz (inside scale).
The coarse tuning knob 13 serves for the rough tuning to the radio beacon fre-
quency and has a pointer for presetting to the approximate frequency on the
scale. The fine tuning knob 14 which is colocated with the coarse tuning control
serves for the fine tuning to the radio beacon frequency either using the
digital display or for a maximum of the ellipse or line image on the CRT screen,
or based on the maximum loudness of the radio beacon call-signs.
Bandswitch 15 has two fixed positions:
"250 - 545 KHz" is band I(medium wave);
"1.6 - 2.8 MHz" is band II (intermediate wavelengths).
Operating mode switch 18 has four fixed positions and serves for switching the
radio direction finder to the "watch duty reception", "DF bearing" and "check"
modes.
The LINE LENGTH control 16 serves for continuous adjustment of the gain and
obtaining the image of a line trace or ellipse with a length of 4 to 6 cm on
the screen of the CRT.
The coarse gain attenuator 17 has two positions: "1:1" and "1:10". When the
attenuator is sv-7itched from the "1:1" position to the "1:10" position, the
signal gain is reduced by a factor of about 7 to 15 times.
Telephone jacks 20 are intended for connecting headphones.
The monitor and indicating controls not used during normal. operation and which
are used for monitoring the supply voltages, conditions in individual stages
and detecting defects in both channels of the radio direction finder are located
under a cover on the rear panel of the receiver-indicator unit (see Figure 1.12).
The OFF switch (deviation turned off) serves for disconnecting the elements
which compensate for the radio bearing deviation coefficient D(present enly in
-32r
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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the radio direction finder variant having a loop antenna, arranged at an angle
- of 45� to the DP [middle-line plane]).
Pushbueton 21 for monitoring voltages makes it possible to monitor an additional
six supply voltages and operating conditions of the stages.
The VOLTAGE CHECK switch serves for selecting the supply voltage or condition
of the individual stages being monitored.
Meter 22 makes it possible to monitor the supply voltages and operational condi-
tions of the stages: The normal mode corresponds to a deflection of the meter
needle in a range of 60 to 80 scale divisions.
The OPERATION MONITOR switch serves to check the correctness of operation and
detect defects in both channels of the radio direction finder.
Selsyn cutoff pushbutton 23 is used when matching to the gyrocompass repeater.
Control 24 for compensating for the A radio bearing deviation coefficient makes
it possible to rotate the CRT in a range of +5� (it is first necessary to loosen
the lock, and then make the adjustment).
The COURSE control 25 (setting the course) is intended for matching the radio
bearing scale to the gyrocompass repeater.
The FOCUS, BRIGHTNESS and BEAM CENTERING controls serve to change the focusing,
brightness and beam centering of the CRT respectively.
The SPKR OFF switch is,intended for disconnecting the.loudspeaker from the audio
channel. Screws 19 and 26 serve to fasten the housing to the shock absorbers.
The small lights S are intended for lighting the scales.
Technical Operating Rules
The following are to be done during watch duty reception:
--The operating mode switch is set in the "watch duty" positiou;
; --The bandswitch is set to the requisite band;
--The A1-A2-A3 switch is set in the position "A2A3" when receiving A2 and A3
signals, or in one of the three "A1" positions when rQceiving A1 signals;
--The requisite loudness is set using the VOLUME and LINE TRACE LENGTH controls;
--One tunes to the frequency of the target radio beacon based on the maximum
_ signal volume using the tuning controls;
--The desirable BFO tone is obtained in one of the three "A1" positions using
= the A1-A2-A3 switch.
- 33 -
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500060001-9
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_ The following are to be done when balancing the channels:
--Set the operating mode switch in the "bearing" position;
--A S to 6 cm image is obtained on the CRT screen using the TRACE LENGTH control
and attenuator 17 (1:10);
--The two images on the CRT screen are combined using the combined BALANCE con-
trols (7 for the gain and 8 for the phase shifts):
a) One line is obtained on the CRT screen as a result of the combining when
receiving one signal;
b) When receiving out-of-phase signals, because of the influence of hack-
scatter or multipath propagation, an ellipse is produced on the CRT screen
as a result of the combining;
c) When receiving two signals which are close in frequency, one parallelogram
is produced on the CRT screen as a result of the combining.
- The following are to be done when taking a DF bearing and determining the sense:
--The operating mode switch 18 is set in the "bearing" position;
--One tunes to the frequency of the target radio beacon based on the maximum
image on the CRT using the tuning controls;
--It is recommended that the position of attenuator 17 (1:10) be left unchanged
when taking bearings on a group of radio beacons so as not to balance the
channels anew;
--Set the POINTER control so that the line on the azimuth pointer dial is
strictly parallel to the electronic trace or the major axis of the ellipse
on the CRT screen;
--Press the SENSE button and determine the quadrant on the CRT screen within
which the target radio beacon or radio station is located;
--Determine the bearing or relative radio bearing using that portion of the
scale which is located within the quadrant obtained from the sense determin-
ation;
--After taking the readings, one must take into account the correction for the
radio bearing deviation using the residual radio deviation ctirve.
The Eollowing are to be done in the monitor mode:
--Set the operating mode switch to the "monitor" position;
--Check the major voltages and currents using the monitor meter by means of the
VOLTAGE CHECK switch;
--Check the major units of the indicator and compensate for the radio bearing
deviation coefficients using the CRT screen and the OPERATING CHECK switch.
- 34 -
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1.5. Requirements Placed on the Installation, Alignment and Operatian of Marine
Radio Direction Finders
A position is to be selected for the mounting of the antenna of a marine radio
direction finder which is the most remote location from the metal parts of the
vessel. Antennas for marine radio direction finders must be mounted as high
aa possible above the hull of the ship and as far as possible from pipes, masts,
antennas and metal superstructures.
At medium wavelengths, the hull of the ship usually exerts the greatest influence
- on the amount of radio bearing deviation, while at short wavelengths, the masts,
- pipes and other antenna-like objects having a length of one-quarter or three-
quarter wavelengths of the target radio station or radio beacon have the greatest
influence.
Metal rigging within a radius of 9 m from the loop antenna is broken up into
unequal sections with lengths of from 2 to 6 m using insulators. In the case
where such segmentation is impossible, the rig;ing should be reliably grounded.
Having chosen several possible sites for the installation of the antenna system,
it is expedient to use a portable radio direction finder to study them and
select the position for which the radio deviation in the working frequency band
is the least.
At short wavelengths, clear-cut silence ang].es should be obtained for bearing
directions in all azimuths from 0� to 360� in an aural radio direction finder,
narrow image ellipses should be obtained in the visual dual channel radio
direction finder and clear-cut bearing readings should be obtained in other
radio direction finding systems.
The longitudinal frame of the di-rection finder is positioned in the midline
plane so that the engraving of the NOS [not further defined] is directed towards
the bow of the ship. The height of the whip or the vertical projection of the
slant antenna should run from 4 to 6 m. The distance between projections onto
the horizontal plane of the loop antenna and the omnidirectional antenna should
not exceed 6 m, otherwise the quality of direction sensing is degraded in the
intermediate wavelength band. A spacing of the antennas is permitted in the
vertical plane within the limits of the difference of the feedline lengths from
the omnidirectional and loop antennas to the indicating receiver of no more
than 4 m.
An antenna amplifier is used where the length of the cable to the indicating
receiver unit is more than 8 m, regardless of the type of omnidirectional
antenna. An antenna box is used only in the case where an inclined beam antenna
is used with a feedline length of up to 8 m.
It is recommended that a receiver-indicator unit in a desk top design be set up
on a desk, while the console design is to be mounted in a navigator's console.
- 35 -
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The ground terminal must be counected to the hull of the vessel and the ground
buses of the shock absorbers. The power supply is installed in a vertical
position no further than 20 m from the receiver-indicator unit and is fastened
without shock absorbers. The signaling panel is to be placed in the radio room
in a vertical position, in a place convenient for actuation and observation.
After installing the radio direction finder, the insulation resistance of the
antenna and feedline system is to be checked, the radio deviation is to be
determined and compensated and the correctness of the connection of the power
supply is to be checked and the unit is to be matched to the gyrocompass repeater.
The insulation resistance of the antenna and feedline system is checked with
a megnhmmeter with a test voltage of 500 volts. The loop RF feeders are dis-
connected from the receiver-indicator unit and the megohmmeter measures the
resistance between the center lead of the feedline and the chassis, which should
be no less than 20 P10hms. A drop in the insulation resistance down to 10 MOhms
is permitted at a temperature of. 40� C and a humidity of 98%.
The corr.ectness of the zero setting of the goniometer indicator is checked as
follows. The ends of the loops are disconnected or shorted in the junction box
and a bearing is taken on any radio station. When the relative radio bearing
is.other than 0� or 180�, the goniometer axis is locked with the GONIOMETER
E1XIS LOCK control, which is located under ti:a cover on the cabinet of the
goniometric receiver unit. The screw inserts are unscrewed with a special
wrench, the MINIMUM SET control and the top cover are removed. The fastening
screw is unscrewed and the azimuth pointer is set to 0� or 180�. After this,
the loops are reconnected.
The determination of the radio bearing deviation can be accomplished several
ways.
- 1. Using the radio transmitter of an auxiliary ship which makes a circle around
the RDF ship. In this case, the ship for which the radio deviation is being
determined remains in place. An auxiliary ship which continuously transmits
radio signals at the worki.ng frequency of a radio beacon makes a circle around
it at a range of 1.5 to 2 miles. At different relative bearings read out from
0� to 360� going clockwise, the relative radio bearing angles (RKU) from the
RDF and the relative bearings (KU) from the azimuth circle of the compass are
read out simultaneously at intervals of 10 to 15�. Then the value of the radio
deviation is calculated for all relative bearing angles using the following
formula:
f= KU - RKU f _KV - P I( Y, (1.1)
the curve is plotted, and a radio deviation table is drawn up for the relative
radio bearings at intervals ef 10 to 15�.
2. Using a shore radio transmitter or radio beacon.
In this case, the ship for which the radio deviation is being determined
approaches a shore radio transmitter (radio beacon) at a range of 1.5 to 2 miles
-36-�
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FOR OFF[CIAL USE: ONLY
and positions itself so that the radio wave intersects the shoreline at an
angle close to 90�. Then the ship makes a circle and does the same things as
in the first method. The radio deviation is a periodic function of the relative
radio bearing, and for this reason can be represented by a Fourier series:
/ = A -1. !3 sin (PKY) + C cos (PKY) +D sin 2 (PKY) +
E cos 2 (PKY) -1- . . . (1.2)
[PKY = relative radio bearing (RKU)].
The coefficient A is called the circular coefficient, the coefficients B and C
are the semicircular coefficients and D and E are the quadrantal coefficients
[quadrantal DF error]. The values of the radio deviation coefficients depend
on the type of secondary radiatcrs and their position relative to the loops of
the RDF. Metal structures, the vertical dimensions of which are considerably
- greater than the horizontal ones (masts, pipes, ship antennas) are called
antenna-like secondary radiators. Metal structures which take the form of a
closed resonant circuit for the induced current are called resonant circuit type
secondary radiators. Such resonant circuits can be produced by the parts of
metal rigging. The largest resonant circuit type radiator is the metal hull of
a ship.
The A coefficient appears when the bearing readout pointer is set incorrectly
and where resonant circuits are present, the planes of which do not coincide
- with the axis of the RDF loop.
The B coefficient is due to antenna-like secondary radiators located at the bow
of a ship (+B) or at the stern (-B).
The C coefficient is caused by antenna-like secondary radiators, located either
on the portside (+C) or to starboard (-C).
The D coefficient is caused by the ship's hull or by longitudinal and transverse
resonant circuit type secondary radiators.
The E coefficient is caused by resonant circuit type secondary radiators arranged
at an angle of 45� or 135� to the longitudinal axis.
Insulators are inserted to reduce the influence of secondary radiators in metal
rigging, or, on the other hand, a reliable contact is made between the metal
structures so as to eliminate the dependence of the level of the secondary
field on climatic conditions.
The quadrant radio deviation coefficients have the greatest values.
The quadrantal radio deviation coefficient D is compensated in the "Rybka" aural
radio direction finder in the first band in the following manner:
a) The value and sign of the radio deviation coefficient are determined;
- 37 -
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
b) The cover on the cabinet is removed from the goniometric receiver;
c) The DEVIATION COMPENSATION switeh is set to the "+D2-8�", "+D8-20�", "-D2-'8�"
or "-D8-20�" position depending on the sign and magnitude of the D coefficient
being compensated;
d) The locking screw is released and the adjusting screw of the variometer is
rotated until the azimuth pointer line is set opposite the division corresponding
to the value of tlte D coefficient being compensated;
e) The locking screw is clamped down and the cover of the case is closed.
The quadrantal radio deviation coefficient D is compensated in the "Rumb" visual
radio direction finder in the medium wavelength band as follows:
a) The value and sign of the radio deviation coefficient are determined;
b) The image on the CRT screen is made equal to 5 :0 6 cm using the TRACE LINE
LENGTH control;
c) The double image is reduced to a line or an ellipse with a minor axis of
minimal length by means of the the BALANCE control;
d) The operating mode switch is set to the "check" position;
e) The OPERATION CHECK switch is set to position "2";
f) The D coefficient compensation control is rotated so that the line or the
major axis of the ellipse on the screen of the CRT is set at a relative radio
bearing angle of 45� + D.
After compensating for the quadrantal radio deviation coefficient D, the residual
radio deviation is determined by the method treated earlier. The curve for the
residual radio deviation is drawn on a special company blank form and is used
for corrections during direction finding.
The power supply is turned on after checking the setting of the 220/127 volt
plug in accordance with the mains voltage. In the case where a direct current
main is used, the conformity of the type of voltage converter to the ship's
power mains is also checked. The plug on the power supply should be set for
127 volts. Prior to turning the direction finder on, the input voltage switch
on the power supply is set to the extreme left position, and after turning it
on, the nomimal voltage is selected.
To match to the gyrocompass repeater, it is necessary to open the cover of the
controls which are not used during normal operation, to cut off the power to the
;e.lsyn by pressing the button and set the radio direction finder scale in
accordance with the gyrocompass readings by means of the existing control. With
an increase in the gyrocompass bearing angle, the scale of the radio direction
finders should rotate counter-clockwise.
Opposite rotation of the scale occurs because of the incorrect connection of
the two wires to the selsyn rotor winding. With correct matching, the error
in relative bearing angtes from the radio bearing scale should not exceed + 0.5�.
- 38 -
FOR OFFIC:;,L JSE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FUR UFFIC:IAL USE UNLY
CHAPTER 2 PHASE RADIONAVIGATION SYSTEMS
2.1. The Classification and Specific Features of Marine Phase Radionavigation
Systems
Marine phase radionavigation systems are intended for determining a ship's
posit7in at sea. The phase radionavigation systems used in the merchant marine
are difference range finding systems which measure the phase difference (the
difference in the ranges) of the signals from shore transmitting stations
operating in a CW mode. Phase radionavigation systems are broken down into
frequency gating ("Pirs-1", "Decca") navigation systems and time gating ("Omega")
radionavigation systems according to the manner of segregating the radio signals
in the received channels of the shipboard indicator.
The "Decca" Phase Radionavigation System. The "Decca" radionavigation system
is intended for determining a ship's position (lines of position) by means of
measuring the difference in the ranges to shore transmitting stations operating
in a CW mode using coherent electromagnetic oscillations (which are interrelated
by an integer ratio). The operation of the system ("Decca" is a frequency
gating navigation system) is based on the principle of ineasuring the phase
relationships of the radio signals received by the marine indicating receivers
in the long wave band of 85 to 135 KHz.
The shore stations (Figure 2.1) operate in a coordinated program, forming networks
in which four stations are usually incorporated: the master, VShCh, and three
slaved stations: VM1, V112 and VM3.
(~uonBmoQ\)' ~ ~ ~
(1) Bnd, .rJ.~
N)A
Innt(3 ) 1 ~
C
"r
~
` BM9(Hpa N p)
u~er r,45
~

r5 j em
~ ~

~ l_ i-j.~
~ ~ L 1 \
eneNaaj \
\ N
Figure 2.1. On the determination of the lines of position of a ship
in the "Decca" radionavigation system.
Key: 1. Slaved station 3(violet), 5f;
2. Line of position 2;
3. Line of position 1;
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102109: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500060001-9
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Key [cont.]: 4. Slaved station 1(red), 8f;
5. Slaved station 2(green), 9f;
6. Master station, 6f.
The shore stations, using CW operation (without call-signs), transmit radio
signals at frequencies which are multiples of the base frequency of the network
St = 27f: 6f (master), 8f (slave 1), 9f (slave 2) and Sf (slave 3). For
convenience in identification, colors are assigned to the slaved stations (red,
greed, violet).
All of the networks of the "Decca" radionavigation system (there are 49 networks
in service at the present time) have alphanumeric designations from zero to ten
and contain ten letters of the Latin alphabet in various combinations (for
- example, 3B, 6C, lOC, etc.).
= If V is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic oscillations (for the
"Decca" radionavigation system, the computational velocity is equal to v=
299, 570 km � sec-1), then the distances r and rn from the master station and
slaved stations 1-3 to the ship C are determined by the time delays T= r/v
and Ti = ri/v (i = 1, 2, 3) of the received radio signals:
Umaster - Unut=U,,,cos6S2 (t-i);
Uslave = U RM = Un COS n S2 - Tl),
(2.1)
where U. and Un are the amplitudes of the radio sigr.als received from the
master and slaved stations; n is a coefficient which applies to the slaved
stations and takes on values of 8, 9 and 5.
The transmission of the radio signals by the slaved stations is matched to the
transmission of the radio signals by the master station. For simplicity in
the discussions, we shall not consider the time delay in the transmission of
- the slaved station (baseline delay) with respect to the master station which
occurs in this case, since the latter is taken into account in the design of
the grid of isolines of the "Decca" radionavigation system which are plotted
on the charts.
The received signals (2.1) in the shipboard indicating receiver are amr,lified
and reduced to a single comparison frequency MS2 by means of multiplication by
the coefficients M/6 and M/n, where the quantity M is the.least dividend for
6 and n. Since n takes on values of 8, 9 and 5 for the slaved stations, then
we have M equal to 24, 18 and 30 for the three pairs of stations (master and
slave station 1, master and slave station 2, master and slave station 3).
Consequently, the signals (2.1), which dre equated in amplitude and reduced to
a single comparison frequency, assume the form:
U = Uniil = l/� cos A152 (t - ~ l:
master 1 1
~ UBM=U�cosNiSdrl - ~ 1 ,
Uslave ~ ~
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
(2.2)
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b'Ult Uh'H'ICIAL U5E UNLX
where M sequentially takes on the values indicated above for the selected pairs
of master and slaved stations.
The phase difference ~ of the received radio signals (2.2) is measured in the
phase detectors (FD) in a marine indicating receiver:
,p=M62(t- v l-MSd(t- v1=AMS~ ' vri . (2.3)
1 1 \ l
Thus, the differences in the ranges r- ri between the ship C and the master
and slaved stations or the lines of position, LP's, which are hyperbolas, at
the intersection of which the ship is positioned, are determined in this case.
The phase measurement process for * is ambiguous, since only the fractional
portion of the total cycle of change in the voltages (2.2) is determined in
this case. For this reason, one must use the following instead of equation
(2.3) . �
,p - 2 rc N ~ (r (2.4)
where N is an unknown number of total cycles of change in the voltages (2.2),
determined in the process of eliminating the ambiguity (UM); aM is the compari-
son wavelength defined by the equality aM = vTM.
What has been said can be illustrated by means of Figure 2.2. For the ships
C1 and C2, which are located on line of position LP1 (a hyperbola), the measured
phase difference is ~ = 27. For the ship C3 (LP 0), the phase difference is
0. For ship C4, the phase meter readings yield the fractional portion of
the period 2Tr, to which one must add one complete cycle of the frequency (N = 1).
The shortest distance d between adjacent hyperbolas with phase meter readings
which differ by a complete period 2w is called the phase track width, while
the shortest distance b between the master and slaved stations is called the
Uaseline. The track width d is defined by the expression:
XM
d=
2sin Y
2
(2.5)
where y is the angle between the directions from the ship to the master and
slaved stations. The least value of the track width occurs for a baseline of
(dp = aM/2)�
Eliminating the multiple value ambiguity (UM) of the phase measurements of iy
consists in determining the number of tracks (the number of complete cycles N).
The lines of position (position of the ship) are determined by adding the number
of complete cycles to the readings of the phase meters [see (2.4)].
The "Omega" Phase Radionavigation System. The "Omega" radionavigation system
is intended for determining a ship's position (lines of position) b}� means of
measuring the phase difference (range differences) to eight shore transmitting
stations operating in an established CW mode.
- 4~ r
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
y~.=?tr y,=o (p =27c
q, 4a
c, y = 4,r
r. 4
r
C, rri/ 7 -bl~ C3 h11~ (2)
/7nn \ /7n i
(3) (4)
Figure 2.2. On the determination of the
values of the phase differ-
ence * as a function of a
ship's position.
Key: 1. Master station;
2. Slave station;
3. Line of position 0;
4 Line of osition 1
The "Omega" radionavigation system
belongs to phase systems using time
gating of the radio signals and is
designed for determining the position
of a ship in practically all of the
navigating regions of the world. The
position of the shore transmitting
stdtions and the Latin indexes assigned
to each station are shown in Table 2.1.
The operational principle of the "Omega"
radi.onavigation system consists in
determining the lines of position of
a ship by means of ineasuring the phase
difference * (the range difference r2 -
rl) of the radio signals from two shore
stations by means of the shipboard
indicating receiver, and this regard,
is similar to the operation of the
"Decca" radionavigation system [see
(2.4)], where:
2 nN~~�2n ra__rt
X,M
' P ' To eliminate the ambiguity of the read-
out, it is necessary to determine the integer number of tracks N, for which a
special system operating mode is used.
TABLE 2.1.
~Station I
CTfllt1%llfl
Code
l'~IIJ~CI(C
Lette
Latitude I
IUN(lOTB Ip .
Lon~itude
n JII'QT11 ~
I I01)Rl'iKCKa51 (1)
A
Gfi 25' i 5",ON
13�
09'
10",00st
nj()jjr0jjjjsj (JIificpnsi) (2)
B
6� 18' 00",ON
10�
40'
00",OW
"
I':in:iiin (3 )
C
21� 24' 16",9N
157�
�
49'
,7W
52
'
('~~ncilnasl JI,1Kt1T:l (4)
n
46� 21' 57-,2N
98
20'
,hw
os
"
, t~. I~PNtlIbOtl (5)
E
20� 58' 2fi",;'iS
"
55�
"
17'
'
,20sl
24
"
Al,icn�rinicK:isi~6~
F
,FiS
4;~� 03' 12
f5
II
,7W
27
"
'I' l,iunin,ut( 7)
q ~
10" 42' (H'i"'lN
,
lil"
38'
,3W
20
$lnnncr;isl (8)
II
,3N
34� I('i' 53"
1251�
27'
12",50st
~ l:iA114/Iti 0 fiyncr 9AMPnruo cr81nknc
0 n TnxoM oi Pnpmin
where Pref is the reference power level, usually 1 watt.
Radar receiver bandwi.dth should not be very narrow so as not to cause pulse
- signal distortions. On the other hand, too wide a bandwidth increases the
internal noise and thereby reduces the receiver sensitivity. In practice, the
bandwidth of a marine navigation radar receiver is chosen from the condition:
1, L T l I~)!
~fnp = + T l Ats,
N
- 121 -
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where Afs is the residual error in tuning the local oscillator of the automatic
frequency control system of the receiver.
The major parameters of a radar antenna are: the directional pattern width
of the antenna in the horizontal ahor and vertical 8 planes at the half power
points (at the 0.5 level); the directional gain GA and the degree or amount
of sidelobe suppression.
The antenna directional gain is equal to:
' 4n
GA = 41r/ahore' GA 0 '
a rop
If ahor and 6 are expressed in degrees, then:
41253
Gp = o .
arop 0~
The degree of sidelobe suppression is expressed in decibels and is characterized
- by the ratio Y of the maximum sidelobe power Pb to the power of the main lobe P:
y = 10 log(Pb/P), dB.
To assure normal operation of a marine navigation radar, the sidelobe level
should be 20 to 30 dB below the level of the main lobe.
~
4.2. The "Lotsiya" i4arine Navigation Radar
The "Lotsiya" marine navigation radar (SNRLS) is intended for installation on
vessels of port services, auxiliary services and technical fleets, on low
tonnage hydrofoils as well as for a standby radar on large tonnage seagoing
vessels [11].
The "Lotsiya" marine navigation radar contains the following units: the
antenna (L1), the transceiver (1.2), the indicator (1,3), the power supply (1,4),
the control console (LS), a power inverter, a rectifier and a regulator for
the ship power.
The radar station equipment complement also includes the installation set for
mounting the waveguide channel, the set of waveguide sections, the set of
spare parts, tools and accessories as well as the set of interconnecting
cables.
The unit can be powered from three sources: 24-27, 110 or 220 volts DC; 115
volts AC at 400 Hz and 220/380 volts three-phase AC at 50 Hz.
- The "Lotsiya" marine navigation radar has the following operational and tech-
nical parameters:
- ],22 -
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- 123_-.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500064441-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Key: 1. Antenna;
2. Diode clamping bridge;
3. icota.*_ing transformer;
4. Deflecting coils;
5. Antenna rotation motor;
6. Rectifier;
7. Cutoff switch;
8. ANTENNA ROTATE, 115 volts,
400 Hz input;
9. PREPARE FOR OPERAT:iON;
10. RAidGF ;
11. SWEEP INTENSIFIER;
12. AFC ON;
13. CURSOR BRIGHTNESS;
14. MOVING RANGE RING;
15. TUNE;
16. Antenna switch;
17. Plagnetron RF generator;
18. 115 volts, 400 Hz;
19. Rectifier;
20. Receiver front-end protective
discharger;
21. Attenuator;
22. Intermediate frequency ampli-
fier AFC;
23. Ignition rectifier [for dis-
charger];
24. Receiver mixer;
25. AFC mixer;
26. Discriminator;
27. Crystal current;
28. AFC crystal current;
29. Amplifier;
30. Intermediate frequency preampli-
fier;
31. Local oscillator;
32. Peak detector;
33. POWER ON;
34. Azimuth marker;
35. Blocking oscillator;
36. Scale choke;
37. SCALE;
38. AFC amplifier;
39. Delay iine;
40. Scale switch;
41. Fixed range ring;
42. Modulator and sweep power supply
panel;
43. Rectifier, 115 VAC, 400 Hz in,
+150, -150 volts out;
44. Rectifier, 115 v, 400 Az in,
300 volts, 5 volts and -9 volts
oLt;
45. BRIGHTNESS;
46. Azimuth marker switching;
47. Deflecting coils;
48. Rectifier;
49. Video amplifier;
50. Sweep circuit;
51. Automatic time gain control;
52. Brightener;
53. IF amplif ier;
54. MPV [expansion unknown].
Maximum detection rangemiles:
A shore 60 m high 12-14
Ship with a displacement of 700 tons 6.6
Average sea buoy 1.3
Minimum detection range, meters 35
Maximum range determination error, percent of
the maximum value of the indicator scale:
On the 4, 8 and 17 mile range scales 2
On the 0.5, 1 and 2 mile range scales 35 m
Maximum azimuth determination error, degrees 1.5
*For a waveguide length of up to 10 m and an antenna mounting height of 7 m
above sea level.
- ],24 -
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Range resolution, in m, no worse than
35
Angular resolution on the 4 mile scale, degrees,
'
no worse than
2
Carrier frequency (3.2 cm wavelength), MHz
9,375 +
45
Probe pulse width, microseconds:
- On the 0.5, 1 and 2 mile range scales
0.12
On the 4, 8 and 16 mile range scales
0.3 + 0
.1
Pulse repetition rate, pul/sec:
On the 0.5, 1 and 2 mile scales
1,600 +
200
On the 4, 8 and 16 mile scales
500
The pulsed transmitter power, KW:
. On the 0.5, 1 and 2 mile scales
2.5
On the 4, 8 and 16 mile scales
4.5
Pulse sensitivity of the receiver, in dB relative
to the 1 mW level
88
Receiver intermediate frequency, MHz
30
Receiver bandwidth, MHz
13.5
Antenna directional patterA width at the 0.5
level relative to the maximum power, degrees:
In the horizontal plane
1�7
In the vertical plane
18 + 2
Sidelobe attenuation, in dB, no less than
23
Antenna rotational speed, r.p.m.
20 + 4
Diameter of the indicator screen, mm
108
Antenna gain
700
Indicai:or range scalco-i? es
0.5, 1,
2, 4 8
and 16
Interval between fixed range ring markers
on the 0.5 mile scale, miles
0.1
Power consumed from the ship's power mains, watts
500
Continuous operating time, hours
24
The time before the radar is ready after being
turned on, minutes
4
Permissible ambient temperature variations, �C:
For the L1 unit [antenna]
-40 to
+50
For the other units
-10 to
+50
*The indicator screen diameter with the removable lens is
increased.
**Only the moving range ring is used on the 1 to 16 mile
scales.
- 1,25 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Permissible relative air humidity at +40� C, % 95-98
_ � Permissible ship angle of heel, degrees 45
Permissible variations in the ship power parameters,
For the DC and AC voltages +10
At the 50 Hz frequency +5
At the 400 Hz frequency +2
Permissible wind load on the antenna, m!sec 50
A block diagram of the "Lotsiya" marine navigation radar is shown in Figure 4.7.
The synchronization of the radar circuit is accomplished from a blocking
oscillator, which controls the operation of the sweep generator of the indicator
L3 through a delay line and directly controls the magnetic modulator of the
transmitter L2. The mutual relationships between the remaining elements can
be seen from the block diagram itself.
- The antenna unit (unit L1) consists of the antenna, the RF section, the SL-369
antenna rotation motor, the motor power rectifier, the OK bearing (azimuth)
marker contactor group, the 6VTI-1TV type rotating transformer (VT), the DM
diode clamping bridges and the supplemental toggle switch for actuating the
antenna rotation.
A DC voltage is fed to the motor winding from the rectifier, which is designed
around 2D202Zh type diodes in a bridge configuration. The antenna is rotated
through a reducer with a gear ratio of 1:250. The rotating transformer pro-
vides for the synchronous rotation of the sweep on the plan position indicat_or
screen (PPI) with the rotation of the antenna. The rotating transformer
rotor is coupled to the rotating shaft of the antenna through a reducer with
a ratio of 1:1. A current is induced in the stator windings of the rotating
transformer which is proportional to the sine and cosine of the antenna
rota*_iunal ar.gle.
The high frequency section of unit Ll consists of the radiating system (the
antenna) and the waveguide channel. The slot type antenna contains a rectan-
gular cross-section waveguide of 28.5 x 12.6 mm with inclined slots cut in
the narrow wall, which shape the antenna directional pattern in the horizontal
plane. The slots are separated from each other by metal partitions which
form ultimate waveguide filters to suppress the vertical field component. A
horn reflector shapes the directional pattern in the vertical plane. The
horn is covered with a dielectri.c fairing to protect against the external
environment. The overall standing wave ratio (KSV) [SWR] of the antenna is
no more than 1.4. The change in the SWR with the rotation of the antenna
does not exceed 0.1. The maximum of the antenna directional pattern is
deflected from a normal to the antenna aperture by an angle of 5�24'.
The rotating junction of the antenna waveguide channel consists of fixed and
moving sections. The stationary section takes the form of a rectangular
waveguide 23 x 10 mm in cross-section with circular flanges. The moving
-126-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
section consists of brackets and waveguides which are connected to the
antenna. There is an air gap of 0.2 mm between tne stationary and rotating
sections. Electrical contact is achieved in the gap by means of a choke
groove. Energy transmission stability is assured between the sections through
the presence of a coupling stub.
The transceiver (unit L2) consists of the following: a magnetic modulator, the
RF generator (magnetron) MI, the antenna switch AP, the intermediate frequency
preamplifier PUPCh, the local oscillator and the automatic frequency control
circuit APCh [AFC].
The thyristor type magnetic modulator has a series charging resonant circuit,
three compressor stages, a shaping line and a pulse transformer. The first
type A compression stage (section) produces voltage pulses with a width of
22 usec, the second type B stage produces pulses with a width of 1.7 usec and
the third type A compression stage produces pulses with a width of 0.12 or
0.3 usec. An MI-158-1 pulsed magnetron is used in the transmitter.
The ferrite antenna switch has a broadband receiver protection discharger RZP
_ of the RR-83A-1 type, equipped with a preheater with a thermal regulator. The
- discharger contains a firing electrode which is supplied from a firing recti-
fier at a voltage of 600 to 800 volts.
The local oscillator G takes the form of a reflective K-27 klystron. The
intermediate frequency preamplifier contains two stages using a dual tuned
circuit configuration with 6Zh1B vacuum tubes. The gain of the IF preampli-
fier is no less than six for a bandwidth of no less than 10 MHz. The signals
are fed to the amplifier input from the balanced mixer of the receiver in
which D405V and D405BP microwave (SVCh) diodes are used.
The AFC system operates in a dual channel circuit configuration with a balanced
mixer, similar to the receiver mixer, using D405A and D405AP microwave diodes.
The AFC channel includes the following: a two stage IF amplifier using 6Zh1P-
YeV vacuum tubes, a discriminator using stagger tuned resonant circuits with
a 6Kh2P-YeV twin diode; a controller which contains a DC amplifier using a
6NZP "triple triode" vacuum tube and a peak detector using 2D105 silicon diodes.
In structural terms, the L2 unit takes the form of a herme*_ically sealed cylin-
der with exterior annular cooling fins. The cap of the cylinder is a facing
panel, which supports all of the structural components through the chassis.
The high voltage elements of the transmitter - the magnetron oscillator P'fI and
the modulator - are housed in a separate high voltage compartment of the trans-
ceiver. A packet with drying silica gel is included in a special lattice work
cartridge to reduce the humidity in the unit.
The indicator (unit L3) contains the following: the cathode ray tube ELT [CRT],
the high voltage rectifier, the deflection coils OK, the sweep generation
circuitry (sweep assemblies), the main IF amplifier, the video amplifier,
forward trace sweep intensifier and other components of the display circuitry.
- 127 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102109: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The amplified signals from the targets are fed from the output of the IF
- preamplifier to the input of the intennediate frequency amplifier. The ampli-
fied and dc.'Lected signals from the IY3mplifier output are fed to the video
amplifier input. The fixed range ring, moving range ring (from the L5 unit
[control console]) and the azimuth (bearing) marker voltage pulses are fed
to the input of the second video amplifier channel. The amplified signals
from the targets, the fixed and moving range ring markers as well as the
azimuth marker signals are fed from the output of the video amplif ier to the
cathode of the CRT. Also fPd to this point is the screen brightness control
voltage. The forward trace sweep intensifier voltage pulses are fed to the
CRT modulator,
The power supply (L4) contains a distribution bo:c, a sweep scale panel, a sweep
and modulator supply panel, a panel of +300, +5 and -9 volt rectifiers, a
panel of +150 and -150 volt rectifiers as well as the synchronizer panel.
The distribution box serves for electrically connecting the radar assemblies
which are located in different units as well as the electrical interconnection
of all of the units to each other. The complement of the box includes the
following: the connecting circuitry with the output plugs, the power switching
circuit, a portion of the azimuth (bearing) marker generating circuit, thermal
time delay rela}*, filter capacitors for the sweep and modulator power supply
rectifiers as well as a fan for ventilating the unit.
_ The sweep scale panel is intended for switching the circuits which generate
the sweep scale. The +27 v voltage from the SCALE switch, located in unit L5,
is fed to the windings of one of the relays, which connects the appropriate
sections of the scale choke in the sweep generator circuit.
The BPRM modulator and sweep power supply panel (block) is intended for supplying
a DC voltage of 80 to 150 volts for the indicator sweep as well as the modula-
tor. It consists of the sweep supply rectifier, the modulator supply rectifier
and the current protection. The sweep supply rectifier is designed in a
bridge circuit using 2D202Zh dio3es. The modulator supply rectifier is like-
wise designed in a bridge circuit using 2D202Zh diodes. The current limiting
circuitry protects the components of the sweep and modulator circuits when
the permissible current values of Che load are exceeded.
The +150 and -150 volt rectifier panel contains rectifiers designed in a
semiconductor bridge configuration.
The +300, +5 and -9 volt rectifier panel contains a+300 volt rectifier in a
bridge configuration with an electronic regulator using 6S19P-V, 6Zh5B-V and
6G5B-V vacuum tubes using a KTs402Zh rectifier; the +5 volt rectifier is a
full wave rectifier using a KTs402I rectifier with regulation provided by a
D815A zener diode. The -9 volt rectifier is likewise designed in a full-wave
configuration using a KTs402I rectifier with regulation supplied by a D815G
zener diode.
- - 128 -
FOR OMCIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The synchronization panel contains a locking oscillator designed around a
6N17B-V vacuum tube operating in a self-oscillating mode. The blocking oscil-
lator synchronizes the operation of the radar units. To compensate for the
delay in the modulator, the indicator sweep circuitry is triggered through a
delay line LZ. The AFC gain is controlled by means of a potentiometer which
regulates the grid bias of the IF amplifier tube of the AFC system.
The monitor and control console (unit L5) includes the monitor, control and
fixed and moving range ring marker generator panel. The unit has the follow-
ing controls: radar power on and off switches, antenna rotation switch,
brightness controls for the range marker, PREPARE-OPERATE transmitter on switch
and indicator switch, brightness controls for the illumination of the range
scales, operational control of the AFC (turning on the AFC, manual frequency
control, tuning), range scale switching (scale adjustment), as well as time
delay adjustment of the moving range ring and its measurement.
The power inverter (IS-24/27) is intended for converting the 24 or 27 volt DC
to 115 volts AC at 400 Hz unregulated with a capacity of up to 230 VA; as well
as 115 volts, 400 Hz regulated with a capacity of up to 140 VA. The complement
of the IS-24/27 inverter includes: the power unit, the master oscillator,
the control unit, the AC voltage regulator, the 27 volt rectifier and the
ventilation fan.
The power unit takes the form of a parallel inverter (a DC power to AC power
converter) using controlled PTL-50-2 thyristor rectifiers with external excita-
tion. The thyristors are controlled (excited) from a GZ-400 master oscillator,
which generates square wave pulses with a positive amplitude of 8 volts.
The master oscillator is designed in a push-pull configuration with transformer
coupling (a blocking oscillator) using P215 transistors. To improve the
frequency stability, power is supplied to the oscillator through a compensation
type voltage regulator, the circuit of which employs P213, MP25B, MP104 tran-
sistors and silicon D818B and D814B zener diodes.
The BU1 control block consists of an electronic time delay relay and a voltage
discriminator. The control unit provides for either local or remote triggering
of the inverter, protects the external voltage source and thyristors against
a short circuit current, and automatically switches the taps of the output,
windings of the power transformer in the case of a considerable change in the
supply voltage.
The 27 volt rectifier is designed in a bridge configuration using 2D202V silicon
diodes. The presence of a 27 volt rectifier with a general supply mains
voltage of 27 volts is due to the requirement of isolating the output voltages
of the inverter from the supply mains voltage, which increases the operational
reliability of the radar.
The ferroresonant regulator is intended for stabilizing the 115 volt, 400 Hz
output voltage. Normal. operation of the regulator is assured with a load current
-7,29-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
FOR UFFICIAL U5E UNLY
- of up to 1.25 amps. In the case of a greater value of the load current, the
output voltage falls off smoothly. .
The fan located inside the inverter promotes the maintenance of a constant
- temperature within the inverter housing.
The IS-110 and IS-220 power inverters convert the DC voltage of the ship's
mains at 110 V or 220 V to 115 volts at 400 Hz. The following are generated
at the inverter output: 115 volts, 400 Hz unregulated with a capacity of up
to 230 VA; 115 volts, 400 Hz regulated, with a capacity of up to 140 VA, and
a DC voltage of 27 voits at a power of up to 80 watts. The following are
included in the inverters: the power section, the master oscillator, the
control block (Bli2 for the IS-110 inverter and BU3 for the IS-220), interference
protection filters, and AC voltage regulator and a 27 volt rectifier.
The ship mains power rectifier (unit V27) is used to power the "Lotsiya" marine
navigation radar from the ship's three-phase AC voltage of 220 V or 380 V at
SO Hz. The unit takes the form of a three-phase rectifier using VKD25-1B
silicon rectifiers, and an IS-24/27 power inverter with a DC voltage of 24 or
27 volts.
The ship's mains power regulator (the LS unit) is intended for powering the
station from the AC mains voltzge st 115 volts, 400 Hz and has the following
output voltages: 115 V, 400 ciz ur..regulated with a capacity of up to 230 VA;
115 V, 400 Hz, regulated w:.th a capacity of up to 140 VA and a UC voltage of
27 V at a power of up ri 80 watts. The LS unit contains a power transformer,
ferroresonant regular_or, and a duty bridge rectifier using 2D202V silicon
diodes.
The overall dimensions of the radar units and the values of their weight are
given below:
L1
L2
- L3
L4
LS
IS-24/27
V27
LS
IS-110
IS-220
1,481
x 393
x 357 mm;
24 kg
295
x
295
x
397
mm;
12
kg
581
x
352
x
205
mm;
12
kg
264
x
320
x
180
mm;
12
kg
274
x
274
x
133
mm;
3.
5 kg
520
x
370
x
190
mm;
30
kg
520
x
370
x
190
mm;
30
kg
340
x
200
x
165
mm;
7
kg
520
x
370
x
190
mm;
30
kg
520
x
370
x
190
mm;
30
kg
The "Lotsiya" marine navigation radar is located and installed on a ship taking
into account its operational convenience and the specific features of the
operation of its units. The L1 unit [antenna] is mourted on a special mast
or platform at a height which precludes the possibility of the appearance of
shaded sectors and the irradiation of the ship's crew by the electromagnetic
field on open spaces of the deck and superstructures. The L3 and L5 units
-1.3Q-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
[indicator and control console] are housed in the bridge (near the helm) or
in the navigator's compartment. The L3 unit can be fastened to a desk, in a
bulkhead or built into the ship control console. The L5 unit should be installed
in the immediate vicinity of the L3 unit. The L2 and L3 units can be located
in any dry room. The L2 unit should be installed only horizontally. When
installing the L4 unit, it is necessary to assure access to the fuses and the
COURSE MARKER notentiometer, which are located on the facing deck panel. The
IS, V27 and LS units are installed in equipment rooms. It is also permissible
to locate these units in the navigator's room and the bridge.
When installing the units, a provision should be made for the capability of
free access to the fuses and controls of the units, as well as for opening
the covers and the ventilation openings. It is not permissible to place the
V27 and LS units in rooms with a corrosive or dusty environment, or to cover
them during operation with covers or heat insulating objects. The L2, L3 and
L4 units are mounted on type APN shock absorbers wtiile the V27, LS and IS
units are mounted on AKSS-lOM shock absorbers. The chassis of all of the units
should be reliably grounded.
The units are electrically interconnected by means of cables in strict confor-
mity with the marking on the cable plug connectors and the units. The cable
from the ship power mains to the inverter or the LS and V27 units is run
directly in the ship. All the remaining cables and the matching part of the
connector for the inverter and the LS and V27 units are supplied as part of
the radar package. The length of the cable from the L1 unit to the L3 and
from the L3 to the L4 should be minimal. Otherwise, there is the danger of
distortion of the sweep on the 0.5 mile range scale.
The waveguide channel is composed of standard waveguide sections. The quantity
and designation of the waveguides are stipulated when ordering. The number
of bends in the waveguide line should be no more than five. The maximum length
of the waveguide channel should not exceed 10 m.
It is recommended that the "Lotsiya" marine navigation radar be controlled
and its operating modes checked in the following order.
The ON-OFF toggle switch on the control console is set in the "On" positiun.
The green light comes on in this case on the control console. After one minute,
the main supply voltages for the radar are checked with the meter: +115,
+27, -150, +300, and +150 volts, for which the CHECK switch is set in the
appropriate positions. After two to four minutes, the presence of the sweep
and modulator voltages is checked. If these voltages fall in the nominal
range (are within the specified sectors of the meter), then the PREPARE -
OPERATE toggle switch is set in the "Operate" position, while the CHECK
switch is set in the "TM" position. In this case, a red light should come on,
on the control console, while the magnetron current should correspond to the
nominal value.
By continuously rotating the BRIGHTNESS control on the indicator in a clockwise
direction, a clear-cut sweep line is set on the CRT screen. By rotating the
-131,-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
MARKER BRIGHTNESS control on the control console, bright fixed range ring
marker points are made to appear on the sweep line. By turning the GAIN
control clockwise on the indicator, receiver noise is made to appear on the
sweep line. Having checked for the absence of foreign objects within the
radius of rotation of the antenna, the ANTENNA ROTATE toggle switch on the
control console is set in the "On" position. The sweep line on the indicator
screen should rotate clockwise in this case.
The SCALE switch on the control console is set sequentially
in the "1", "21',
"8" and "16" (miles)
- "411
positions, and by turning the control for the range
,
readout mechanism on the control console, the presence of the moving range
ring marker on each range
scale is checked. Having set the
moving range ring
marker at the edge of the
CRT screen, the conformity of the
scale readings
of the range meter to the
set scale is also checked.
TABLE 4.1.
Unit in whicYi the
Designation of the
Controls Are Located
Controls
Initial Position
L5 [control console]
VKL-VYKL [ON-OFF]
Center
LS
PODGOTOVKA-RABOTA
"Prepare"
[PREPARE - OPERATE]
L5
MASSHTAB [SCALE]
"0.5 miles"
LS
KONTROL' [CHECK]
"115 v"
L5
V:tASHCH ANT - VKL
"Rotate"
[ANTENNA ROTATE - ON]
LS
APCH - RRCH [AFC -
"Manual freq
MANUAL FREQ CONTROL]
control"
LS
NASTROYKti [TUNE]
Center
LS
YARKOST' ~ETKI
Extreme lef t
[MARKER BRIGHTNESS]
L5
DAL'NOST' [RANGE]
Any
- LS
PODSVET [BRIGHTENER]
Center
L3 [indicator]
USILENIYE [GAIN]
Extreme left
L3
VARU [TIME AGC]
Extreme left
- L3
PCLSVET [BRIGHTENER]
Center
L3
YkZKOST' [BRIGHTNESS]
Extreme left
L3
KURS OTM - VKL
[A:rlrft;TH MARKER - ON]
"Azimuth marlcer"
L3
MPV - VYKL [MPV - OFF]
"Off"
- 1,32 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- TABLE 4.1. [cont.]
Unit in which the
Controls Are Located
L1 [antenna]
LS [regulated ship power
- supply]
LS
Designation of t:ze
Controls
ANTENNA - VKL
[ANTENNA - ON]
PITANIYE - VKL
[POWER - ON]
MESTNOYE - DISTANTS
[LOCAL - REMOTE]
Initial Position
"On"
"Power"
"Remote"
Notes: l. The SCALE switch should be turned only after first pressing it.
2. If when the PREPARE - OPERATE toggle switch is set in the "Operate"
- position, there is no magnetron current or beam sweep on the screen
of the CRT, then it is necessary to set the toggle switch in the
"Prepare" position, to press and release the SCALE switch and again
thro~ the toggle switch to the "Operate" position.
The SCALE switch is set in the "4 miles" position, and by smoothly turning
the VARU [time AGC] control on the L3 unit (the indicator), the presence of
- shading of the CRT screen in a radius of no less than 3 miles is checked.
By successively setting the CHECK switch in the "TK-1" and "TK-2" positions,
and by turning the TUNE control, blips from targets are made to appear on
_ the indicator screen in any of the range scales and at the nominal val�e of
the crystal current (within the range of the corresponding sector of the meter).
Optimal tuning is maximum image brightness of the pips on the indicator screen
from the most distant targets.
The APCh - RRCh [AFC - MANUAL FREQUENCY CONTROL] toggle switch is set in the
"AFC" position. In this case, the brightness of the signals returned from the
targets should not change on the indicator screen and the crystal current
level should not exceed the nominal values when the TUNE control is rotated
90� to the left and to the right of the set value.
To shut the radar down, the PREPARE - OPERATE toggle switch is set in the
"Prepare" position. The ON - OFF toggle switch is depressed on the control
console and it is set in the "Off" position. The POWER - ON toggle switch on
the LS unit is set in the "Power" position (when the radar is equipped with
a LS unit).
All of the radar controls are set in the initial position in accordance with
Table 4.1 prior to starting the radar up.
Prior to turning on a new radar or following a long term down time, a careful
visual inspection is to be made of the radar, the correctness and reliability
of the unit connections are to be checked as well as the integrity of the
mechanical structures of the housing, the front panels of the units, the
- 1,33 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLX
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500064401-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
presence and conformity of the fuses to the nominal values and the correctness
of the joining of the antenna to the waveguide.
When the equipment is provided as a complete package with the IS-24/27 unit
in conjunction with the V27 unit, the AUTOMATIC-MANUAL toggle switch in the
inverter is set in the "Manual" position. Depending on the ship mains voltage,
as well as the length of the cable between the V27 and IS-24/27, it is permis-
sible to switch the 24 - 27 volt toggle switch to the position for which the
unregulated output voltage of 115 volts will fall in a range of 115 volts + 5%.
The tuning and adjustment of the "Lotsiya" marine navigation radar are carried
_ out when parts and assemblies are replaced which have exhausted their service
life,* after eliminating defects, etc. The list of checks and adjustments after
the replacement of main units, panels, assemblies and parts of the radar is
given in Table 4.2 of [11].
The procedure for some of the radar adjustments during operation on board ship
is given below.
The antenna is adjusted while the ship is standing at the dock. The following
procedure is recommended for the antenna adjustment work. Using an optical
sight, the center line of the ship is lined up with any c?early visible reflect-
ing target on the radar screen which is located at a distance of 0.7 to 1 mile.
The ANTENNA R01ATE - ON toggle switch on the control console is set in the
"Antenna rotate" position while the SCALE switch is set in the "1 mile" posi-
tion. By turning the antenna manually, a return from the selected target is
made to appear on the sweep line.
Rotating the POINTER [azimuth pointer] control on the L3 unit, the mechanical
line of sight is matched to the zero graduation on the azimuth scale of the
indicator. The cover on the antenna assembly is opened up, the fastening
screws for the rotating transformer are loosened and the sweep line on the PPI
screen is made to match the mechanical sighting line by means of rotating the
~ rotating transformer housing. Then the housing of the rotating transformer
is secured with the screws and the drive section is pressed down until it
engages the gear wheel. The AZI14LiTH MARKER ON toggle switch on the L3 unit is
set in the "On" position. The antenna horn is rotated in a small range from
the zero position, and by rotating the shaft on its axis, the electronic
azimuth marker is made to match the mechanical sighting line. One is to make
_ sure that the target marker appears precisely on the electronic course marker.
The antenna cover is closed and the screws are tightened down. The ANTENNA
ROTATE - ON toggle switch on the LS unit is set in the "On" position and the
matching of the azimuth maricer with the zero graduation of the azimuth scale
of the indicator and.the target located on the midline of the ship is checked
- once again.
The operation of the controls is checked by switching the appropriate controls
of the radar in operation. In this case, the correct output of instructions
and response of the radar circuit components should correspond to each position
of the controls.
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The time the high voltage has been turned on is checked by simultaneously throw-
ing on the ON-OFF toggle switch on the control console and the second meter.
The CHECK switch is set in the "sweep voltage" position. The second meLer is
turned on at the moment the sweep voltage appears. The warm-up time should
fall in a range of 2 to 4 minutes after turning the station on.
TABLE 4.2
Units, Panels or Components
Being Replaced
Checks and Adjustments
_ Unit L1 [antenna]
Check and adjust the sweep amplitude,
align the antenna, as well as the posi-
tion and amplitude of the azimuth
marker.
Unit L2 [transceiver],
Check and adjust the magnetron current,
klystron, magnetron
the crystal current, the radar range
or sensitivity, the AFC system and the
tuning of the local oscillator.
Unit L3 [indicator]
Check and adjust the sweep amplitude,
the tracking precision of the sweep
line, the range scales and the time
AGC.
Unit L4 [power supply]
Check and adjust the magnetron current,
range scales, sweep amplitude and AFC
system.
, Unit LS [control console]
Check the calibration precision of the
or the moving range ring panel
moving and stationary range ring mark-
ers.
The power inverrer IS and the
Adjust the regulated 115 volts and the
V27 unit [ship power mains
400 Hz frequency.
rectifier] or the LS unit [regu-
lated ship power supply]
Modulator
Check the magnetron current.
The IF preamplifier and IF
Check the radar range or sensitivity,
amplifier panels
the actioit of the time AGC, the AFC
system; adjust the blanking pulse.
CRT or deflecting systems
Check the operation of the beam con-
trols, the horizontal sweep line
precision, the range scales and the
sweep amplitude; adjust the sweep
center.
RF front end or protective
Check the range or sensitivity of the
discharger for the
radar as well as the crystal currents
receiver
- ],35 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The corresponding voltages and currents are checked by means of AC and DC
volt meters, which are connected to the corresponding jacks of the test box,
which are in turn connected to the connector of unit L4 [the power supply].
The voltages should fall in the following ranges: -9 (8.7 to 11) volts; +5
(4.5 to 5.7) volts; -150 volts +1%; +150 volts +3%; +300 volts, +1%; Urazv -
80 to 150 volts; UM = 80 to 150 volts; 115 volts regulated +2%; 115 volts
unregulated, +10%; 27 volts +10%.
In the case of nonconformity of the 115 volts regulated and 115 volts unregulat-
ed, one must check the frequency and ripple of the ship power mains voltage.
In the case of nonconformity of the +300 volts, one must adjust the REG +300
V potentiometer in the L4 unit.
The adjustment of the sweep brightness and the illumination of the control
console and indicator scales is checked by rotating the BRIGHTNESS and
BRIGHTENER controls on the indicator in a clockwise direction, as well as the
ILLUMIidATION control on the control console. In this case, the brightness
of the sweep and the illumination lamps should rise smoothly.
When checking the centering of the indicator sweep, the SCALE switch on the
control console is set in the "4 miles" position and the ANTENNA ROTATE - ON
toggle switch is set in the "On" position. The origin of the sweep should
describe a circle, the center of which coincides with the intersection of the
pointers on the mech4nica'1 scale of the indicator with a precision of 2 mm.
If the displacements of the center exceed the indicated amount, then an adjust-
ment is made, for which the fastening screws for the magnet holder are loosened,
the sweep is turned on and the SCALE switch is set in the "k,miles" position.
The antenna rotation is actuated. The centering magnet is rotated about
its center and about the opening of the pipe with a screwdriver and the origin
of the sweep is matched up with the intersection of the azimuth pointer. The
clamp screws for the magnet and the fastening screws for the plate are tightened
down.
The tracking accuracy of the sweep line is checked by rotating the antenna
manually through intervals of 30� each on its azimuth scale and comparing
the sweep positions on the indicator screen in this case. The ANTENNA ROTATE -
ON toggle switch is set beforehand to the "antenna rotate" position. The
mismatching between the antenna position and the sweep line should not exceed
1.7�. In the case of a larger value of the mismatbh angle, the system is
aligned by rotating the housing of the rotating transformer about its axis.
Because of the fact that the axis of the antenna directional pattern, as was
noted above, deviates from the normal to the plane uf the antenna by 6�, an
antenna rotation angle of 6� clockwise is taken as zero on the azimuth scale
of the indicator.
The tuning of the radar after replacing the magnetron or klystron when on
board ship is accomplished using radar returns by connecting the L2 unit to
the waveguide channel through a coaxial waveguide line which is included in
- the kit of spare parts, tools and accessories [11]. The oscilloscope input
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102109: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500060001-9
is connected to the IF AMPLIFIER OUT radiofrequency connector on the L3
indicator. Synchronization is accomplished from the PULSE BLANKING connector
on the front panel of the L2 unit. The TUNE control on the control console
is set in the center position, the AFC - MANUAL FREQUENCY CONTROL toggle
switch is set in the "Manual Control" position, and the PREPARE - OPERATE
toggle switch is set in the "Operate" position. The ZONE potentiometer in
the L2 unit is set in the center position.
By turning the mechanical tuning screw of the klystron clockwise from the stop,
the maximum number of returns is made to appear on the oscilloscope screen,
as well as the maximum amplitude of the returns from the most remote target.
In this case, the crystal current level should be a maximum. If when rotating
the mechanical tuning screw of the klystron no signals are obtained or the
crystal current does not have a maximum value, then the ZONE potentiometer
is to be turned and the tuning of the klystron with the screw repeated. It
must be kept in mind that when rotati.ng the mechanical tuning screw of the
klystron clockwise, two maxima may be observed: the first corresponds to
the tuning of the klystron to the working frequency, whj.le the second corres-
ponds to the image frequency.
- 137 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/42/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500060001-9
rux urriCtAL u6r. uNLY
4.3. The "Mius" Marine Navigation Radar
The "Mius" marine navigation radar is intended for installation on vessels with
a registered tonnage of 300 reg. tons and more. The equipment complement of the.
radar includes the following units: A- the antenna and waveguide assembly,
P- the transceiver, I= the indicator, R- the repeater, V- power rectifier,
S - the power converter.
Depending on the type of shipboard power voltage, the repeater and power converter
units have the following differences: for a DC mains voltage of 110 or 220 volts:
R(= 110, 220 volts), S(= 110 volts) and S(= 220 volts); for single phase AC
mains at a voltage of 220 volts, 400 Hz: R(220 VAC, 400 Hz), S(220 VAC, 400 Hz);
for three-phase alternating current power mains at a voltage/380 volts, 50 Hz:
R(3 x 220/380 VAC, 50 Hz). The V unit is used only for a shipboard three phase
AC power mair at a voltage of 220/380 V, 50 Hz.
Besides the units enumerated above, the radar set contains: a waveguide channel
installation set; a callibrated delay cable; a set of spare parts, tools and
accessories; a power switcher; and a GPVMZ-25 multisection type rotary switch.
The operational and technical characteristics (parameters) of the radar are given
below:
Wavelength, cm
Transmitter pulse power, KW
Pulse sensitivity of the receiver, dB
Range scales, miles 0.4, 0.4R, 0.8;
Intervals between range rings, miles 0.4/0.2, 0,8/0.2,
16/4, 24/4
Probe pulse width in microseconds,
on the following range scales in
miles:
0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 4
8, 16, 24
The pulse repetition rate, pulses/sec,
on the following range scales, in miles:
0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 4
8, 16, 24
_ Receiver bandwidth, in MHz, for pulse widths of:
0.1
0.3
Intermediate frequency, MHz
Antenna directional pattern width at
In the horizontal plane
In the vertical plane
3.2
7
120
1, 6, 4, 8, 16, 24
1.6/0.4, 4/1, 8/2,
the half power level,
Degree of suppression of the sidelobes, in dB, no worse than
Rotational speed (scan speed) of the antenna, r.p.m. 17
- 138 -
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
0.1
0.3
3,000
2,000
12
4
60
1.1
20
25
+ 2
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Maximum error in the determination of the range to targets
by means of the moving range ring (pointer), no:�more
than,
on the following scales:
0.4, 0.89 1.6 miles,�in m
65
4.8, 16,;24 miles, in % of the range scale
2.5
Mean square direction (azimuth) measurement error,
no more than
1
Azimuth resolution on the 1.6 mile scale, degrees, no
. worse than
1�2
Range resolution, m
25
Minimal detection range for an antenna height of 15 m
and a waveguide channel length of 10 m, in meters
30
Maximum target detection range, in miles:
Ship with a displacement of 3,000 tons
10
Average sea buoy without a reflector, 3.2 meters
hight
1.8
Maximum error in the transmission of the course angles
of the
antenna to the indicator sweep system, in no more
than
1
Diameter of the CRT screen*, in uun
180
Power consumption, in KW, no znore than
0.7
Warm-up time for the radar after being turned on, min
4
Operational reliability per failure, in hours
300
The composition of the units of the "Mius" radar is shown in Figure 4.8.
Block P1 in unit P is the modulator; it generates modulated voltage pulses with
widths of 0.1 and 0.3 microseconds and an amplitude of 6 KV to control the opera-
tion of the magnetron oscillator.
Micorwave (SVCh) block P2 contains an antenna switch, receive (intermediate
frequency) and automatic frequency control (APCh) [AFC] mixers, a K-94 klystron
local oscillator and other components needed for the transmission, reception and
conversion of the returns to the 60 MHz intermediate frequency.
Block P3 is the receiver and provides for the amplification of the intermediate
frequency pulses, detection, amplification of the video pulses and the transmis-
sion of the amplified signals to the video mixer 13.
Block P4, the AFC, maintains the intermediate frequency of 60 MHz of the receiver
constant when the magnetron or klystron frequency deviates from the minimum
va lue .
' Block PS is a+27 and +110 volt rectifier.
Block P6 contains two rectifiers for a voltage of -300 volts and a protection
circuit.
* A lens is used which increases the image size up to 230 mm.
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rvn vrri% sr+,. 10,Ir.
Block P7 consits of +350 volt and +50 volt rectifiers.
_ Block P8 contains -40 and -12.6 volt rectifiers as well as a voltage regulator.
Block P9 consists of a-100/-150 volt rectifier, a voltage switching relay and
a protection circuit.
Block P10 is an analyzer to check the operability of the radar circuitry.
Block P11 is a monotor block.
Block I1 of unit I is the range sweep block of the CRT indicator.
Block 12 generates the f ixed range markers (NKD).
Block 13 is the video mixer.
Block 14 is the +14 KV high voltage rectifier for th e anode supply of the indicator
CRT.
Block IS contains the elements necessary for range measurements (range pointer)
and azimuth measurement (mechanical azimuth pointer) as well as the scale
mechanism, the monitor circuitry for the power characteristics of the station*,
etc.
Block 16 generates the cursor or range ring (PKD) [moving range ring].
The CRT unit contains an 18LM58 cathode ray tube, rh e deflecting system,
focusing system, the electronic beam sweep centering circuitry and the course
- marker circuit.
PU is the radar operational control console (panel).
The S unit converts the DC voltage of the ship's mains or the output voltage
of unit V to an alternating single phase regulated voltage at 220 volts, 400 Hz.
When the radar is powered from ship's AC power at 220 volts, 400 Hz, this voltage
- is regulated and filtered in the S unit.
Unit V contains a-200 volt rectifier, protection circuitry, a monitor circuit,
an industrial interference f ilter and a radar actuating circuit. Block R1 of
unit R is a course angle or bearing repeater.
- Block R2 performs the function of a mismatch signal amplifier.
Block A1 of unit A is the antenna.
_ Block A2 is the drive for rotating the antenna. The following subblocks are
included in A2: A2/1 is a reducer; A2/2 is a rotating microwave junction;
A2/3 is a remote azimuth transmission unit.
-14Q-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9
>E ONLY
Block A3 is a test antenna.
The antenna and waveguide assembly (unit A) is a slotted antenna, and as usual,
takes the form of a waveguide horn radiator. The slotted waveguide traveling
wave rad iator with an array of filters generates the antenna directional pattern
in the horizontal plane. The horn shapes the directional pattern in the
vertical plane. The probe signal energy is radiated and the return signals
are received by means of oblique slots, cut in the narrow wall of a rectangu-
lar waveguide with a cross-section of 28.5 x 12.6 mm. An absorbing load of
carbonyl iron is fastened at the end of the radiator. The slots are separated
from each other by metallic partitions, which form off-node waveguide filters
to suppress the vertical field component. There is a standard flange at the
input end of the waveguide. The radiating aperture of the antenna is hermetic-
ally sealed with a dielectric plug of PS-4 plastic foam.
To control the antenna directional pattern in the horizontal plane there are
three regulating screws, which make it possible to bend the waveguide radiator
in the horizontal plane within a certain range. The maximum of the antenna
directional pattern is deflected from the normal to the antenna aperture by
6�.
When powered using 110 volts DC, a SL-661 type electric motor is used to rotate
the antenna. A SL-661/R type electric motor is used for 220 volts DC. A
APN-11/2 synchronous electric motor with a short-circuited rotor is used for
ship's power that is three-phase 220/380 volts AC at 50 Hz. In the case of
ship's power at 220 volts AC, 440 Hz, a SL-661 electric motor is installed
in block A2 and powered from the rectifier in the R unit.
~ _^TA1_----~A:J] ftj Il.l V 116 r91fl79 ~
I llputSnp A Unit A' Unit P Ilpu6op r I
T~RMN /14 /!7 1)10
MI P4 P7 P10
1 I
I nyriaaP n Unit � n~ n,s na nil
R2 PZ P3-_..PB__.P.IL.J
r---------------- /lu6npC
i I5 Ns I 1 N 1 (1 3n r y,i 13 i n
~ Unit I npuhnp a ~ Unit S
~ N'l. IlY N4 ~ L117pii6o nB
!f6 I I PU I4
'-----------------J Unit V
Figure 4,8. The composition of the blocks of the "Mius" marine
navigation radar unit.
Key: 1. Cathode ray tube;
Unit A= antenna and waveguide assembly;
- 141 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/42/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500060001-9
. v" vr1*4%-Jkna1 Vl VL/
Key [cont.]: Unit P = transceiver;
Unit R = repeater;
Unit I = indicator;
Unit S = power converter;
Unit V = power rectifier.
[See text for detailed key]
The rotating coupling A2/2 is used to join the rotating antenna to the station-
ary waveguide line. The transmitter energy excites oscillations in the coaxial
line through the rectangular waveguide. The center conductor of the line is
the exciting stub for the waveguide which is coupled to the antenna. The
ball shaped end of the stub makes it possible for a specified frequency spectrum
to pass through the rotating junction.
The angular position of the antenna (A2/3) is transmitted to the R unit by
means of a SBVT rotating transformer, which is coupled by a gear transmission
to the antenna shaft. To check the precision of the tracking system and the
antenna adjustment, a removable scale mechanism with a rotation scale of 10�
and scale graduations of 0.1� is installed in the A2 unit. To generate the
course marker, a special contact device is mounted on the antenna shaft: an
attachment in the form of a contact drum with two brushes, which make contact
once per antenna revolution and switch a circuit which drives the course marker
on the CRT screen.
A test antenna (block A3) is used to monitor the power characteristics of the
radar. It is made in the form of a pyramidal hermetically sealed horn, fastened
by means of a bracket on the antenna rotation drive housing. The dimensions
of the horn aperture and its position relative to the main (slotted) antenna
are chosen so that the attenuation in the antenna--horn space amounts to 29 dB.
In order to assure the requisite delay of the monitor signal relative to the
probe pulse, block A3 is coupled to the transceiver (unit P) by a calibrated
delay line (cable) of fixed length.
K tikrr 6 KV--
nnzue� U
(A) mpvHy , Q
r
I1epeKnavmnrna
1 . A IuKnn
10 daqeaocmu
~
7 (C)
11
^1 ~ 1J -1001,508
t T 1
L ~
ni
(B ) Knrrmrnnnnnni cu; ~~nn h /!f1 - 40R
- - P3
' r/I irs 11, I
~ Figure 4.9. Block diagram of the modulator.
Key: A. To the magnetron;
- B. Monitor signal to P11 [monitor block of the transceiver];
C. Range scale switch.
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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The "Mius" radar transmitter consists of a modulator (block P1) and a type
MI-507 magnetron oscillator. A block diagram of the modulator is shown
in Figure 4.9. The modulator is designed using a thyristor-magnet conf iguration
(a magnetic modulator). The modulator complement includes: master oscilla-
tor 10, the converter and first pulse compression stage 8, the second compres-
sion stage 5 for the generation of modulating pulses with a width of 0.1 usec,
stage 4 for generating 0.3 usec pulses, sync pulse generator 7, pulse trans-
former 3, relay 11 for switching the pulse repetition rate, pulse voltage divider
2, protective relay 6, interference filters 1 and magnetron current control
circuit 9.
The master oscillator generates positive voltage pulses to trigger the converter
stage of the magnetic modulator. It consists of a self-excited transistor
blocking oscillator, a slaved blocking oscillator and an emitter follower
using two transistors connected in parallel.
The converter stage and the first compression stage convert the -100/150 volts
- DC of the power supply to positive pulses with a width of about lusec. In
the case of operation on the 0.4, 0,8, 1.6 and 4 mile range scales, the pulses
are transmitted from the first compression stage to the second and compressed
- to a width of 0.1 usec. The resulting pulses are fed to a pulse transformer,
stepped up to a voltage of 6 KV, and having a negative polarity, are applied
to the magnetron cathode. When the radar operates on the 8, 16 and 24 mile
range scales, the pulses are fed from the first compression stage to the
shaping circuit (stage) by means of a long line, which creates voltage pulses
at the output with a width of 0,3 usec, which are transmitted to the pulse
transformer input.
The sync pulse generating circuit triggers the sweep block I1 (of the indicator),
the range cursor generation block 16 and the time AGC generating stage, block
P3. The magnetron current regulating circuit provides for a continuous change
in the magnetron current in a range of from 1 to 1.5 mA. The protection relay
which actuates if the magnetron current exceeds the nominal value by approxi-
mately three times serves to protect block P1 against a short circuit in the
magnetron. The pulse repetition rate switching circuit (relay) changes the
repetition rate: the repetition rate and width of the probe pulses as a
function of the selected range scale of the indicator.
Microwave block P2 includes the following: a ferrite circulator, which in
conjunction with a gas discharger, forms the antenna switch; the converter for
converting the microwave returns to the 60 MHz intermediate frequency; the
converter for the difference frequency between the magnetron and the klystron
local oscillator to control the AFC circuit. A block diagram of the P2 block
is shown in Figure 4.10. The microwave oscillations generated by the magnetron
are fed to unit A(the antenna) through a directional coupler and a ferrite
circulator. The directional coupler is made with crossed wave,~uides which
are coupled at the common wall. The ferrite circulator contains two 120 degree
tees, which form four arms, which route the magnetron power to the antenna
in the "transmit" mode. The receiver is protected against the high power
- 143 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500060001-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040500060001-9
11Vn V11111l.AHl. VJI] V041.1
magnetron pulses by a broadband RI1 discharger with a firing electrode to
which a voltage of -600 volts is fed. When the radar returns are received,
the energy is routed by the circulatar into the receive channel. The isolation
between the transmit and receive channels of, the circulator is 20 dB. The
energy losses during transmission amount tc no less than 0.5 dB and less than
1 dB during reception.. The effect of spurious signals on the receive channel
is eliminated by means of an electromagn%tic shielding shutter which automatic-
ally shorts the waveguide line when the radar is switched off,
T a.~
. .
(1
( 4
~+nmo
l
NunpaQneNi+oni ll(cnr?mi
hanumroinni 11.1
~
mmrx
p
l
omOemRumene Mocm
r.ner.umrnn P3
Attenuato~
I
Klystron
1
EH~ ~ Pin
-6008 BeNmune
(g) yn4
~y
K
~-600 V.
(5)
(7}
/1M
m~ylllla
~~ppumnBr~ir7
Ai.unc. nnon
rop
/~rnurru~nn
(9)
U-i
i{upnynamnp
~
~~aquormu
Antenna

Attenuator.
Attennator 11
NnnpadnrNHbei
(10
BCi+muno
/immenammnp A114
Am~nniik~mm~ ~
omdemBumPne
Attenuator
Ma1a~ em N (13)
,QQ U(eneRori
r~~~
6ana~ir.neiu
1
~ L ~
nocm
r..recumene
P4
Figure 4.10. Structural configuration of block P2.
Key: 1. From A3 [test antenna];
2. Directional coupler;
3. Slotted bridge;
4. Balanced mixer;
5. Electromagnetic shielding
shutter;
6. Receiver protection dis-
charger;
7. Ferrite circulator;
8. Intermediate frequency
amplifier isolator
[sic];
9. Power divider;
10. Directional coupler;
11. AFC isolator;
12. Magnetron;
13. Slotted bridge;
14. Balanced mixer.
The received radar returns are fed from the ferrite circulator through the
open receiver protective discharger RZP, the directional coupler and the
- slotted bridge to a balanced mixer. The output of the K-94 klystron is also
_ fed to this same point through a power divider, attenuator, ferrite isolator,
intermediate frequency amplifier and slotted bridge. The 60 MHz intermediate
frequency is fed from the output of the balanced mixer to block P3 of the
_ receiver for amplification.
- ],44 -
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F( 'IAL USE ONLY
The local oscillator output is simultaneously fed through the power divider,
attenuator, ferrite isolator of the AFC and the slotted bridge to the balanced
AFC mixer. The attenuated output of the magnetron is also fed to this same
point through the directional coupler, attenuator and slotted bridge. The
difference frequency between the klystron and magnetron, which appears at
the output of the AFC mixer, is transmitted to unit P4, the automatic frequency
control circuitry. The requisite isolation is abhieved between the AFC and
IF amplifier mixers by inserting ferrite isolators. In the "monitor" operating
mode, an electromagnetic shielding shutter is used to block the receiver
channel against magnetron probe pulses getting through to the IF amplifier
mixer, where these pulses leak through the RZP receiver protection discharger.
The signals from the monitor antenna (block A3) are fed through the attenuator
and slotted bridge to the input of the IF amplifier mixer.
The receiver (block P3) contains the input circuit for matching to the mixer,
a multistage intermediate frequency amplifier, which is broken down into linear
amplifier stages and has a logarithmic gain response; a video amplifier, a
differentiating network (differentiator), and an emitter follower. Moreover,
the complement of the receiver includes the following: a time AGC circuit,
a stage for monitoring the feed of the signal to the monitor block, a switching
circuit for actuating the differentiator, switching the IF amplifier bandwidth
and switching the time constant of the differentiating network.
To reduce the noise, the receiver front end is designed around a 6S51NV
nuvistor triode. The second and third stages use 6E12NV nuvistor tetrodes.
All three stages operate in a linear mode. The receiver bandwidth is varied
in the second stage. When working with 0.1 usec pulses, the bandwidth of
the IF amplifier is 20 to 25 MHz. When the pulse width is 0.3 usec, the IF
amplifier bandwidth is reduced down to 5 to 7 MHz. The remaining 10 IF ampli-
fier stages have a logarithmic amplitude response and are designed in a
circuit for the sequential addition of the detected pulses in z summing delay
line. All of the stages of the logarithmic IF amplifier have a dual resonant
circuit configuration similar to the first three stages artd are designed
around 6El.2NV nuvistor tetrodes. The signals from the output of the IF ampli-
fier ar.e fed to a two stage video amplifier, which in addition to amplifying,
differentiates the video pulses and transmits them to unit I, as well as
feeds out negative polarity video pulses to the monitor system.
The automatic frequency control block P4 includes the following: three inter-
mediate frequency amplifier stages, a discriminator, an emitter follower, a
video preamplifier, a first channel amplifier and peak detector, a second
channel amplifier aiid peak detector, a AFC test oscillator, as well as a
klystron tuning panel. The first two IF amplifier stages use 1 T313V transis-
tors in a two tuned circuit configuration. The third IF amplifier stage has
a single tuned circuit configuration using a transistor of the same type.
All three IF amplifier stages are looped by negative feedback.
_ The phase discriminator is designed around D18 diodes. The emitter follower
uses a P416B transistor and matches the high output impedance of the discrim-
- 145 -
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�v4\ V�'-lflli v_A. JI\4.a
inator to the low input impedance of the video preamplifier which uses a P416B
transistor also. Following conversion in the AFC mixer, the difference frequency
between the magnetron and the klystron is amplified by the IF amplifier stages
and is fed to the discriminator. If this frequency differs from the inter-
mediate frequency (60 MHz), then error signal video pulses will appear at the
discriminator, the amplitude and polarity of which depend on the magnitude
and sign of the deviation of the difference frequency from the nominal value.
- The error signal pulses are fed fram the discriminator output through an emitter
follower to the input of the video preamplifier. Following preamplification,
depending on the polarity, the video pulses are fed to a particular main
amplifier channel which uses MP25B transistors, are detected by the appropriate
peak detector, converted to a positive or negative polarity DC voltage depending
- on the error sign and are used to control the frequency of the klystron local
oscillator. The AFC test oscillator generates a period sequence of radio putses
modulated at frequencies of 54 and 66 MHz, which correspond to the maxima of
the discriminator characteristic. These RF pulsec are fed to the input of
the AFC block along with the difference frequency between the magnetron and
- the klystron, and produce a control voltage of about 24 volts at the output
of the AFC block, which is monitored by metering instruments in the P11 block.
There are five blocks of rectifiers incorporated in unit P.
Block PS contains the 110 and +27 volt rectifiers. The first of them is
designed in a bridge circuit configuration using D231 diode:; and is designed
for a load current of up to 0.3 amps. The +27 volt, 1.21 amp rectifier is
likewise designed in a bridge circuit using D231 diodes, and is equipped with
a capacitive filter for smoothing the rectified voltage ripple. A 115 volt,
400 Hz voltage is likewise picked off from the output of block PS to power
the electric clocks.
Block P6 has the following rectifiers: -300 volts, 0.05 amps; -500 volts,
0.0001 amps; -420 volts, 0.006 amps; -500 volts, 0.006 amps. On the whole,
_ block P6 takes the form of two series connected -300 volt rectifiers, designed
in a bridge circuit using D211 diodes. A voltage divider is used to obtain
the -420 and -500 volts. The existing protection circuit disconnects the
-300 and 220 volts, 400 Hz from a number of circuits when the -420 and -500
volts is lost.
Block P7 has the following rectifiers: +400 volts, 0.007 amps and +50 volts,
0.215 amps. The +400 volts is obtained by means of the series connection
of the 350 and 50 volt rectifiers. Both rectifiers are designed in a
bridge circuit configuration and use D226 and D211 diodes respectively.
Block P8 consists of -40 volt, 0.6 amp and -12.6 volt, 0.25 amp rectifiers.
Both rectifiers are designed in a bridge circuit configuration using D231
diodes and have campensation type regulators for the rectified voltage with
the regulating and amplifying elements connected in series.
-14b-
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Block P9 takes the form of a-100 volt, 0.61 amp or -150 volt, 0.42 amp recti-
fier. The voltages are switched by means of a special relay in the rectifier
circuit and the switching depends on the modulator operating mode (block P1).
The rectifier is desigrked as a bridge circuit using D235B diodes. It has a
special circuit for overload protection. The operational monitoring of the
p3 block is accomplished usin; the voltages fed to the radar monitor system.
The operational analyzer for the blocks (block P10) monitors and analyzes the
operability of the P1, P3, I1, 12, I3 and 16 blocks and feeds out GOOD signals
to monitor block P11. Moreover, block P10 generates the modulating pulses
for the AFC test oscillator in block P4.
Blocks P1, I1, P2 and 16 are monitored with respect to-the output pulse ampli-
tudes. Under normal operating conditions, the negative polarity voltage
pulses being monitored are fed with an amplitude of no less than 1 volt to
block P10. The width and repetition rate of these pulses are governed by the
range scale and the block being checked.
- Blocks P3 and 13 are monitored with respect to the noise voltage level at
the block output. Under normal conditions, a negative DC voltage of no less
than 0.5 volts is fed to block P10. The check voltage is generated by means
of transducers and normalizers in the appropriate blocks, with the exception
of block P1. The check pulse for this block, the amplitude of which should
be no less than 30 volts, is normalized in block P11. As can be seen from
the functional block diagram, the check pulses of the b1ocks are are fed to
an emitter follower and expander through a functional block fault detector.
The emitter follower, along with eliminating the influence of the input imped-
ance of b lock P10 on the blocks being monitored, expands the width of the
pulses being checked out to 5 usec. The negative polarity pulses from the
output of the emitter follower are fed to an amplitude gate. The gate
generates and feeds from its output negative voltagz pulses with a width
of no less than 5 usec, given the condition that the amplitude of the pulses
of the blocks being monitored is no less than the specified level. The
gated pulses are then fed to the normalizer, which generates negative voltage
pulses with a width of 15 to 20 usec and an amplitude of about 6 volts.
The normalizer pulses are converted in an integrator to a DC voltage which
powers a relay winding. When the relay actuates, the power circuit for the
GOOD signal light is closed in P11, the unit which signals the good operating�
condition of the blocks. The DC voltage is also monitored through the fault
search unit (P11),from which the DC voltage is fed to the converter. The
- converter, which is controlled by a master oscillator, generates a negative
pulse voltage with a width of 3 usec at a repetition rate of 4,000 pulses/sec
and an amplitude proportional to the DC monitor voltage.
The voltage pulses are fed from the output of the converter through block P11
to the input of the emitter follower-expander, and then, just as in the pre-
ceding case, through the amplitude gate, normalizer, and the integrator to
the signalling indicator for good operating condition of the blocks (P11).
- 147 -
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rVK VrClI.IAL ljJr. 111VLY
A self-checking mode is provided in block P10. For this purpose, a negative
DC voltage of about 0.5 volts, which is the..monitor voltage, is fed from the
self-checking signal generating circuit through block P11 to the converter.
The subsequent signal path for the check signal is similar to that for the
operation of blocks P10 and P11 when checking the UC voltages.
The modulating pulses to control the test oscillator of the AFC block are
generated by a special generating circuit to which positive voltage pulses are
fed from the master oscillator. Structurally speaking, the P10 block is made
on a printed circuit board, enitlosed in the base housing made of sheet
aluminum alloy. Sockets are located on the side wa11s of the housing for
checking the block supply voltages, the DC voltages of blocks P3, 13 and
self-checking as well as the pulsed voltages of blocks P1, I1, 12 and 16.
Block P11 (the monitor panel) is structurally made in the fo�rm of a panel of
plexiglass, on which the meters, switches and other elements are mounted.
Block P11 monitors the operability of blocks P4-P9 and 14, and also indicates
the operability of all of the replaceable blocks.and certain assemblies in the
radar. The sw itching of ti.e parameters of the assemblies and blocks being
monitored is accomplished by means of manual contact switches. The operable
condition indicators for the P1, I1, 12, 13 and 16 blocks are light indicators
using apecial lamps. The operabiliCy indicators for blocks P4-P9 and 14,
as well as for the magnetron, klystron, discharger and IF amplifier and AFC
crystals are meters.
Block 11 of unit I(the indicator) is the sweep unit (Figure 4.11). It
generates the follcwing: the range sweep current pulses, the forward sweep
trace brightening voltage pulses; and the 12 block tciggering control voltage
pulses. The width of the indicated pulses is determined by the range scale
and is shown in Table 4,3.
TABLE 4.3.
Ran9Q Saaje )lnnreni.nocii. nn+nyn~,con~ I 4acTni~ cncnonamiri .
illi
d V L ,
_ 193 -
FOIt QFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL. [JSE ONLY
~
where a is the radar wavelength;
d is the obstacle diameter;
L is the distance between the obstacle and the radar antenna.
~ (q) (a)
ri
4
2
0
-2
-4
(b)
.
2
0
-Z
~
- fi
-8
_
-!0
Figure 4.18. Graphs of the radar deviation curves for the ship "Professur
Ry'ialtovskiy":
a. "Don" navigation radar;
b. "Lotsiya" navigation radar.
- 194 -
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500460001-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
TABLE 4.9.
(1)
(2)
~
(3)
- (4)
Ne
I(nnninrinA
I
p.Jl IICAFIIP
Rn n"PIIOII,IIA
u n
I ncncnr IKfI)
( PJlll)
I 4F=K11-PJ1T1)l
(5)
I1pNAtcva+.;ne
ivame or Lne bnip
Ila::namic cyAna . . . .
Tp~e o~,Aadar
/larti Date . . . . .
UC,ucr(r , nrncnronannsi ( 6 )
n�e � Sca1e � �
t