JPRS ID: 10363 EAST EUROPE REPORT ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500040009-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 9
• Content Type: REPORTS

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- JPRS L/' 0363
3 March 1982
East Euro e R~ ort
p p
ECONOMiC AND INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS
cFOUO 2is2~
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SER~~ICE
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NOTE
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JPRS L/10363
3 March 1982
EAST EUROPE ~EPORT
ECOlVOI~IC AND INDUSTRIAL AFFAI RS
~FO~o 2/s2)
.
CONTENTS
BULGARIA
Land Utilization as Resourc e for Fur.ther Develo~ment of Bulg~zrian
Agriculture
_ (G. Koynov; DOKLADY VASKhNTI~, Oct 81) 1
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
New 2.6 Million-Ton Steel Mill To Operate by End of 1983
(Ltalter Bohm, Antonin Pindor; TECHNICKY TYDENNIK, 8 Dec 81) 6
_ New Chemical Separator To Increase Efficiency
(Jaroslav Prochazka; TECHNICKY TYDENNIK, 8 D ec 81) 15
- a - [III - EE - 64 FOUO]
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BULGARIA
UDC 631.452:631.55
LAND UTILIZATION AS RESOURCF FOR FURTI~R D~VELOPI~NT OF BULGARIAN AGRICULTURE
Moscow DOKI.~DY VASKhNIL in Russian No 10, Oct 81 pp 15-17
(Article by G. Koynov, professor and doctor:at Plovdiv Higher Agricultural Institute
- imeni V. Kolaro~~, People's Republic of Bulgaria: "Rationr~l Use of Land An
Important Reserve for Increasing the Production of Agricul.tural Products," (article
presented by corresponding member of PASKhNIL N.P. Panov)]
[TextJ TesCs which we carri~d out dur.ing the 1976-1979 period, with
regard to studying the influence of post-harvest crops on the growth,
development and grain yields obtained from the principal crops sown
follo~ring them, have shown that posr-harvest crops furnish good yields.
Moreover, an increase takes place in the grain yields fro;n crops sawn
following them as a result of a reductiun in the weediness of the
soil and enrichment of the soii with nitrogen, owing to improved
microorganism activity, a reduction in the content of inhibiting
substances and also to an improvement in the phytosanitary condition
. of the soil.
In Bulgaria there are approximately 0.5 hectares of cultivated land per capita.
This is precisely what has forced many scientists and practical workers into
searching for the means for obtaining two or three agricultural crop harvests
annually or every one and a half years. With irriggtion, the cl~matic conditions
of Bulgaria make it possible to obtain two or three yields by cultivating post-
harvest crops following barley and wheat harvests.
- In the plains regions the first frosts occur during the period from 15 to 20
- October. For all practical purposes, there are 90-100 frost-free days from 20
July, following the harvest, to the first frosts. Prior to the average daiiy
temperature dropping to lower th3n 10� Centigrade in the autumn, the total amount
of positive temperatures ranges fro:n 1800 to 2000� Centigrade. Under these
conditions, following a barl~y harvest and in some regions fo"llowing wheat, it is
possible to grow early ripening hybrids of corn, soybeans and sunflowers, millet
and beans for both fodder and silage as well as for graino This has been proven in
actual practice on the basis of many experiments carried out at scientific
- institutes and on many farms. But no studies were carried out on the influence
_ generated by post-harvest crops on the development and yields obtained from crops
cultivated fo].lowing them [1-5J. In this regard, we conducted a study during the
1976-1979 period, in various climatic zones throughout the country, on the effects
1
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of post-harvest crops on the development,
- o 0o yielda and quality of wheat, barley and
~ ~ ~ ao corn cultivated follow~ng them. The post-
~ harvest crops were sown im~nediately
- ~ following a barley harvest (20-30 June).
o~~~ Three waterings were carried out: one
a c"i o vi prior to tlie appearance of the seedlings
o, ~ (watering norm of 200-250 cubic meters per
.n hectare) and two following their
~ \ o~ ~n o 0 0 8ppearance (15-20 July and 1-10 ,August
y, N~ (watering norm of 600 cubic meters per
_ e c~, hectare). It is apparent from the table
~ that post-harvest crops furnish good yields
~ m~ u s~ ~ ~.c ~ r, of fodder and grain and that they do noC
00 td GQ G N � � � � . .
c a~ a u ~~o c�, o, lower the yields obtained from the
~o ~ a x principal crops sown following them. To
the contrary, th~se yields are increased
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m.ainly owing _o a reduction ~,n the
weediness of the soil (see Table 2). The
[
o � y numbes of weeds in crops sown following
~ post-harvest 3oybeans is 3-7 times less
~ 3 G~~ ^ 00 and their bulk is 2-3 tim~s lower than the
o a~ v~riant in which soybeans were not
~ a x cultivated.
~ c
- o ~
~n w ai .n.,~ The yields of crops sown following
� o a~n ~ c~ ~ c�, oo oo soybeans also increased owing to enrichmen.t
H c~ u of the soil with nitrogen, as a result of
~ ,a u the activity of nodule bacteria which
v ~ o 'C develop on the soybean plant roots, an
~ a � increase and improvement in the microflora
~ of the soil and an intensification in its
~ activity. It is apparent from Table 3 that
~ following soybeans and throughout the
~ ~ntire g~owing season for the wheat and
~ barley, the soil is richer in nitrogen and
~ microorganisms, which serve to improve the
U
� ~ nitrogen nourishment regime for the plants.
~ ~ In the process, a decrease takes place in
~ the number of microorganisms consuming
o ~ nitrogen.
~ ~ u ~ ~ rn
_ C) O~ N n �rl r-+ v)
~ An increase in the cropping power also
~ o> s+ ~ w� ~ o came about owing to an improvement in the
w~~� ~ a~ ~ o�7e~ w phytosanitary condition of the soil and
~ ~ N~ a~ ~ H~ o y in the crops cultivated following
~ c~ ~ a~ oo v, soybeans .(see Table 4) .
~ a~ s~ > ~n m
O 9 m d u1 v H H"~
_ ~ v~~ w� w� a. a. The studies revealed that the post-�harvest
N~~~ N~~ cultivation of soybeans lowers the content
octlo � C�u u�u a in the soil of the inhibiting substances
o s~
w o~a ~
2
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TABIE 2
Weediness of Crops Sown Following Post-Harvest Soybeans (average for 1978-1979)
_ Number of Weeds
Date (Units ~per m2) (~rams per m2;
Crop of (dry bulk)
Count
Without Following Without Following
Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans
W heat 30 March 121 18 21 13
~ 20 May 42 7 58 21
Barley ~ 30 March 119 43 26 15
20 May 30 5 67 21
C orn ( 20 P'IaY 132 15 38 12
20 June 15 4 45 18
Note. Following the 30 March count, the sowings of wheat and barley were
sprayed with the herbicide 2.4-D and following the 20 May count
~ the corn sowinQs
TABLE 3
Nitxogen and Microorganism Content in Soil (average for 1978-1979)
Wheat Barley
v~ C W m ~ m
G �a C G G
Indicator and Phase for Computation
o a~i o a`~i o a`~i o o~i
.c .n r, .a x .o r-+ .a
. a+ ~ ~
O O O O O O
~ tn Ga cn ~ cn G4 c/~
Ammonium and nitrate nitrogen (mg; 100 g of soil):
_ Tillering 41.3 48.3 40.6 45.3
Shooting 17.2 29.4 12.6 23.7
�,ipening 21.9 24.5 22.1 16.2
Hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/100 g of soil):
Prior to sowing 42 58 35 56
Shooting 66 64 65 69
Ripening 33 35 28 38
Ammonium fixing bacteria (thousands per gram of soil):
Shooting 3706 3491 3768 3312
Heading 1211 1787 1917 3958
Ripening 3338 2753 1544 3074
BacCeria which increase on mineral nitrogen (millions
of grams of soil):
Shooting 29.6 14.6 24.0 20.3
Heading 10.3 5.2 7.2 5.2
J ltipening 7.3 8.8 4.5 9.1
Microorganisms which decompose cellulose (thousands
of grams of soil):
Shooting 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2
Heading 1.5 3.4 1.1 2.2
Ripening 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.5
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TABIE 4
Damage Caused By Bacteriosis and Root Rot (average for 1978-1979)
Wheat Barley
Disease Without Following Without Following
Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans
Fusarial wilt of ears of damaged ears) 1.0 0.7 - -
Koot rot of damaged plants) 15.1 6.3 16.8 6.5
Loose smut of damaged ears) 0.65 0.40 2.85 2.20
TABIE 5
Effect of a Soil Extract on the ~erminative Capacity of Seed and Growth
in Young Roots (av~rage for 1978-1979)
Extract Taking Phase
Tillering Shooting Heading
Without Following Without FoZlowing k'ithout Following
Indicator Post- Post- Post- Post- Post- Post-
Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest Harvest
~ Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans
Wheat
Germinative capacity 91 96 91 97 90 96
of seed
Length of roots (?nm) 46 58 50 60 57 61
Barley
Germinative capacity 92 97 92 96 91 97
of seed
Length of roots (mcu) 49 59 ' S1 58 56 61
released by the barley roots. These substances decrease the germinative capacity
of the wheat and barley seed ar.d retard the initial growth of the little roots of
young plants. We obtained this data during Che germination of wheat and barley seed
on filter paper that had been moistened with a water extract taken from soil on
which soybeans were grown and taken from conventional soil (see Table 5).
Based upon our studies and also upon data furnished by other authors, a state
_ ,~ro~,ram was developed for intensiLying the use of land during the 1980-1985 period.
By 19fi5, 65.5 percent of the irrigated wheat tracts and 100 percent of the
irrigated barl.ey tracts will be occupied by post-harvest crops for silage and
grain.
BIBLIOGRA PHY
1. Georgiyev, D. RASTENIYEVODNI NAUKI [Field Crop Husbandry Science], 1973, No. 8.
4
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2. Georgiyev, D. RASTENIYEVODNI :VAUKI, 1973, No. 10.
3. Yer~~salimov, P. RASTENIYEVODNI NAUKI, 1976, No. 8.
~ 4. Yerusalimov, P. RASTENIYEVODNI NAUKI, 1976, No. 10.
5. Konstantinov, K. RASTENIYEVODNI NAUKI, 1978, No. 8.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Kolos", "Doklady VASKhNIL", 1981
7026
CSQ: 1824/083
5
F~R ~FFrrrar T~CF nuT v
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CZECHOSLOVAKIA
NEW 2.6 MILLION-TON STEEL MILL TO OPERATE BY END OF 1983
Prague TECHNICKY TYDENNIK in Czech 8 Dec 81 p 6
[Article by Eng Valter Bohm and Eng Antonin Pindor: "Construction of Oxygen
Converter Steel Mill at Trinec; An Important Step in the Modernization of
Czechoslovak Metallurgy"]
[Text] In the interest of technical progress in steel production and especially
in the interest of making it more efFicient, construction of an oxygen converter
steel mill is taking place at the Trinec Ironworks of the Great October Socialist
Revolution. It will have a capacity of 2.6 million tons per year of steel, and
make it possible to terminate production at rhe obsolescent open-hearth mill II,
and to reduce the producti~u of mill III, as well as modifying mill III to operate
on the basis of cold cha!'~es.
All of the pig iron from the three blast furnaces at Trinec, about 2.1 million
tons per year, is processed in converters, The target for steel production,
including the output of mill III and of the electric steel mill, will be 3.5
million tons. ~
This construction project will make it possible to reduce substantially the number
of existing economic production units and to terminate what is an environmentally
- almost unsustainable operation, to reduce the work force by 1.034 employees, to
reduce oil consumption by 162,000 tons annually, to reduce steel-making preweight
of 1s158 kilograms per ton by about 114 kilograms per ton (which represents a
savings of 115,000 tons of inetal per year). In addition, the consumption of
firing materials will decline 20,000 tons per year and air quality will improve.
It is well know:: that steel mill II currently operates at a level of consumption
of 3? standard cubic meters of oxygen per ton, and burns oil with a 1 percent
sulphur content, unfavorably affecting the environment in the vicinity of Trinec
with emissions of brown smoke and sulphur dioxide. Labor productivity, extended
over the entire steel production process at the Trinec Ironworks, will increase
almost 41 percent. There will be improvements in the conditions for the production
of quality steels, especially in terms of their purity. The construction of an
oxygen converter steel works will lead to an increase in profits of more than half
a billion korunas annually for the enterprise.
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Time Schedule
The new oxygen converter steel mill is located in the area of the no longer
functioning building of the coking plant, the old blast furnaces, steei mill I and
the fire brick factory next to the tracks and station of the Czechoslovak State
~Zailroads. Construction will take place in three stages, tl:e first concerned with
the oxygen plant, the second and third stages with the mill itself, including
the essential auxiliary operations, the engineering infrastructure, and the
remaining equipment. The initial draft of stage II was completed in June 1979, and
the initial draft of stage III in June 1980. The second stage of construction,
which is now in full swing, began in March 1980. At present, the number of
temporary buildings has increased, and almost the entire building site has been
cleared. Work is progressing oa the engineering infrastructure and on the
construction of the water management system, and the first pillars of the steel
framework for the mill itself have already begun to be set in place.
According to a government decree, the new steel mill is to become operational
in December 1983, and construction is t~ be completed in December 1984, while the
planned production of the mill is to be achieved in 1986. The expected
construction time, according to the project target and the original design, was
established at 58 months. The largest imports from socialist countries are the
- converters, transporting cars, guniting equipment, the equipment for the
introduction of the o~cygen lances, for the electromagnetic coagulation of sediment,
and other equipment. The largest imports from the capitalist countries are the
_ gas scrubbing apparatus, the automatic control system (ASR), the reduction and
venting stations, and several smaller operational systems and equipment items.
Operation of Oxygen Converters
T~ao converters with a capacity of 160 to 180 tons each will be involved in steel
production. The lance for the converter process will be suspended on a special
lowering device of Soviet n,anufacture. One lance will be in operation, and a
second lance at full readiness will be in c?ose proximity.
The 180-ton mass of heat is in accordance with the capacity of the chambers of
soaking pits. The positioning of the converter bearings on steel stands and
concrete footings is being solved so as to make it possible for new stands for
converters with a capacity of 200 to 220 tons to be placed on the same footing.
The flow capacity of the oxygen lance, and the reduction and venting stations
are also being designed for these larger converters. In an attempt to maintain
maximal environmental quality, the ~.onverters are enclosed by special jacketing
which directs product emissions into a gas-scrubbing plant.
Here are some of the parameters of a converter: specific volume, 145 cubic
memters; heat mass, 160 to 180 tons; average heat period, 31 minutes; blasting
period, 12-14 minutes; maximum blasting intensity, 850 standard cubic meters of
oxygen per minute; oxgyen pressure in the lance, 1.5 megapascals; average
height of steel level, 1,420 millimeters.
One converter will function during normal operation, but when necessary, the
steel mill may operate two converters, although oxygen may not be blown into
botli converters simultaneously.
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Production Program and Production Technology
The production program and overall production is established on the basis of the
prospective requirements of rolling mills, and in accordance with the traditional
ongoing programs of the enterprise, nationwide balances, and the needs of the
national economy. In addition to low-grade steels, ri~ning steels and quenched
steel, the ironworks will produce annually about 200,000 tons of vacu~i~-degassed
rails, 300,000 tons of steel for patented wire, 35,000 tons of high-quality carbon
steel for reinforcing wire, as well as high-quality carburized steel for
~ electrodes, and high-quality alloy steel for construction purposes, wires, springs,
anci tool steel.
~t :.s ev'_dent from this that the production program includes a mix of steels with
~,arhon content up to 0.8 percent. In addition to a static model, a dynamic model
is also being buiZt to control problems of carbon and of temperature. With the
assistance of special submersible probes--sublances--introduced into the bath,
the bath temperature and its carbon content may be determined during the blasting
~ of oxygen. The entire cycle takes from 90 to 120 seconds, counted f~om the moment
of lowering of the sublance. Data gathered with the aid of this probe will
ir.dicate deviations of the actual conditions within the convertere from values
calculated with the aid of the static control model, and will assure the appropriate
corrections, particularly in the amount of blown-in oxygen. It is assumed that
there will be a minimal number of heats with unsufficient blasting, and that a
' minimal am~u�t of carburizing will occur in the pouring ladle.
The use of the dynamic model will improve operational perforroance and quality
thanks to a reduction in the percentage of underblasted and overblasted heats.
The prime contractor for the automatic control system is the Swedish f irm Asea,
the subcontractor for software is the Swedish f irm Datema in conjunction with
experts from the Trinec Ironworks. The subcontractor for the sublance equipment,
iricluding the static and dynamic models, is the Dutch firm Estel. Production of
the sensory elements for the auxiliary probe will be taken care of in
Czechoslovak:~a.
The other systems and facilities are also interesting. For instance, oxygen for
the converting process will be provided by an expanded oxygen plant, where the
production at three dividing-head machines amounts to 34,000 standard cubic meters
per hour, with 99.5 percent purity.
The installed capacity of the turbocompressor is 3.43 megapascals. The oxygen is
stored in 10 100-cuhic meter tanks at an absolute pressure in the ran~e of 2.2
to 3.43 megapascal.s. At the valve stations, the oxygen pressure is reduced in such
_ a way that prior to entering the lance it has reached 1.5 megapascals. 'ltao
wet-gas scrubbers are from the French firm Clesid. The fan has a capacity of
400,000 standard cubic meters of gas per hour. The entire system guarantees a
residual particulate content of less than 100 milligrams per standard cubic meter
upon emission. The gas scrubber is controlled by three DS-8 microprocessors
- from the Asea firm, which comr~unicate with the main computer, a Model PDP 11/34.
Scrap iron is loaded into 50-cubic meter runners at existing scrap stockpiles,
the runners outfitted with pressductor railway weights by the Asea firm. Movement
_ 8
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Construction of VPE Extractor
4 3-
. , j~ 1 . , .
5 ~
~ � 1.
.
o. ~ .
.
o..oo . ,
. .
o .
0 0 ~
- o~ d . ~
e � � ~
00 ~ � o e
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e ~ e
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~ ~S Q�' d ~ S O p ~
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Xunstrukce extruktoru VPE se suub~inym pohybem pater ~e uhodnci zeim~na
pro apardty mensfho prumAru. U uelkokapocltnlch jednotek se osuL+dL'if Ex-
~raktor s protipohybem pater. Soustuua pQter Je ~ozd~lena na duE+ skuptny -
' 1, 2, kter~ se po vfj5ce st!'1da~(. ~ Plitom ~suu pairu skuptny 1 pFlpeun~na
k tdhlu - 3 a patra skuptny 2 k tdhlu - 4, kterQ Jsoa spo~ena s duo-
~itym excentrem udfle~tctm ob~mn skuptndm poter harmonlcky pohyb posu-
nuty ue ~dzt o IBO~. Tim Se ayrounCua~t stly a tlaky prlsobfc! u zaFlzenl'a zuy-
~uje se stablltta oelkych kolon. Prottpohyb pater pPizniuL+ ovlloltu)e uyS~!
- PxtrakL~ni GL'tnnost.
The design of a VPE extractor with parallel plate movement is appropriate
especially for smaller diameter apparatus. For high capacity ur~ir_s, an extractor
in which plates move in opposing directions has proven most efficient. The plate
system is divided into 2 groups (1;2) which alternate within the column. At the
9
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- same time, the plates of group 1 are fastened to a rod (3), and the plates of
group 2 to a rod (4) which are connected to a dual eccentric which imparts to both
plate group~ harmonic motion, 180 degrees out of phase. In this way the forces
a~id pressures acting within the equipment are balanced, and the stability of large
columns is increased. The opposing movement of plates favorably influences higher
extractive efficiency.
Diagram of a Column with Parallel Plate Movement
6~~_
~ .
i8
~ ~ t~~ku faze ~
~ ~ kontinuolni
= 5- .
4 ~ ~-1
-
ii 9`\
4~
i'~"' \ '
i
u`~
3~,
f ~
lehkci faze
dispergcyana
KEY:
a) I~eavy phase-contint,ous b) light phase-dispersed
The body of the column is c�ompoGed of a cylindrical jacket of the column itself (1)
_ and upper and lower sedimentation tanks (2 and 3). Inside the jacket is located
a set oF perforated plates (4) fixed to a. rod (5) which is joined to the
eccentric of a vibration drive (6). This imparts harmonic vibtating movement in
- the vertical direction to the set of pl.ates. The amplitude and frequency of
the vibrations are ad~ustable. Normally the amplitude fluctuates within a range
of a few mi~limeters and the frequency within the range of 1-6 hertz. Lighter and
heavier liquid phases move inside the column in a countercurrent manner under the
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influence of gravity. The lighter phase is introduced into the lower sedimentation
tank (3) and exits through the overflow opening (7) in the upper sedimentation
_ tank. In this way the upper surface of the lic~uid contents of the column is
maintained. The heavier phase is introduced into the upper sedimentation tank (2),
~ moves through the column in a countercurrent direction from the lighter phase, and
flows out of the lower sedimentation tank (3). On t`~e heavier phase outlet there
is fitted an automatic regulating valve which is controlled by the regulator of
the phasal interface. The phasal interface is found either in the upper or in the
lower sedimentation tank, according to whether the lighter or the heavier phase
is to be dispersed into droplets. The figure shows an instance when the lighter
phase is to be dispersed, and the interface (8) therefore is located in the upper
sedimentation tank (2). The lighter phase droplets formed by the distributor in
the lower sedimentation tank, and formed further during their passage through the
openings of the vibrating plates, agglomerate at the phasal interface to form a
_ unified film, which then exists through the overflow opening (7). The construction
_ is noted in the right of this diagram. In addition to the small openings for
the dispersion of the lighter phase, there are also passages here for the unified,
heavier phase (9). The direction of flow of the heavier phase is marked by the
arrows. This plate construction permits the achievement of controlled dispersion
into droplets of the requisite dimensions and the complete contact of both
phases, which are the fundamental preconditions for a high level of efficiency
and output.
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of pig iron from the three blast furnaces to the ironworks is carried out by
mobile mixers with a cylindrical cross section and removeable face segments,
which makes it possible to remove old refractory lining by machine, to improve
working conditions for bricklayers, and shorten the time required to renovate the
refractory lining. The capacity of the newly relined mixers is 320 tons, which
corresponds to the weight of the great majority of blast furnace tappings. There
will be 10 mixers, the construction and production of which will be handled at
Vitkovice. The repouring of the pig iron into 180-ton pouring ladles will be
conducted in a specjal area. Al1 repouring locations have~ dust separator apparatus
of Trinec design.
Equipment for the vacuum degassing of steel by the DH method is situated on the
right side of the converter hall. Vitkovice is the contractor. The equipment is
designed to handle a maximum heat weight of 200 tons, and has a capacity of 500,000
tons per year. Mainly rail and steel and certain specialized steels will be
- processed on the DH equipment.
A.nother component of the system is equipment for the washing of inelts, casting
houses, stripping halls, and a preparation plant for molded bottom plates with
inert gases, and the injection of insulation inserts into molds, etc.
Fifty percent of the production will be poured into molds from below. In the two
casting houses there are four casting platforms. The casting set is approached
fr~m two sides, and in each casting house there are two pouring cranes with a
capacity of 300 tons each for loading and pouring from foundry ladles. Handling of
ingots is taken care of by semiportal gantry cranes which travel above the casting
surface, while bracket cranes are available for other auxiliary tasks. All the
foundry ladles are outfitted with sliding closures.
A~itomatic Control System
This extensive and complicated process will be controlled by an integrated control
system. The ASR is divided into three levels, which are mutually interrelated,
but which may also function separately.
The lowest level of control (the so-called basic control system - BCS) controls
the basic technological aggregations and loops, as well as certain technical
operations. In addition to co~tunicating with operators and with other systems
(LD5 and PCS), it manages the weighing of scrap, pig iron, the container weights
of converter and ladle additives, crane weights, the control system for the
positions of the oxygen lances and sublances. It weighs with weights outfitted
with magneto-elastic scanners (manufactured by Pressductor) and with DS-8 micro-
computer systems supplied by the Swedish Asea firm.
A superior, computerized level of control is linked with this basic level of
~ control--an automatic control system for technical processes (ASR TP), and an
ASR for production processes (ASR VP). These two levels of control are implemented
by means of a model PDP 11/34 computer of American manufacture.
The basic task of the r1SR TP (the LD system) is the control of the course of a
melt, according to the static and dynamic models. It also takes care of
�
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additional activities such as thE planning of heatsy the monitoring of scrap
preparation by registering the circ:ulation and condition of runners, including
r,he. potential for specifying for the operator the requirements for corrections,
the assurancz of pig ir_on preparation for a given heat, the calculations in the
event of underblasting, the control of alloying. It also monitors the condition
of the equipment of the oxygen converter steel mill, and reports concerning the
progress of heats and the processing of information from various sensors, with
the objective of monitoring the process and its necessary changes. The LD
system gathers and provides statistical data for production statistics, transmits
_ them ro the PC system, and handles troubleshooting in the evEnt of system
disruption.
The task of the ASR VP (the PC system) is the short-term planning of production
(for 24-48 hours), the control and monitoring of production (argonizing, vacuum
' degassing, casting halls, the pouring of ingots and the preparation of ladles).
It includes the ability to depict the results of the chemical analysis of steel
samgles, and services for the clearing center. One of its important functions is
to comnunicate with the enterprise's IBM 370/148 system. This communication may
take place with a maximum speed of 2,400 Bauds, with the PC system transmitting
- data concerning planned and ac.tual production, and data concerning heat procedures.
The IBM system will transmit data concerning the production plan, and reports
concerning the movement of freight cars carrying raw materials.
A Continuous Casting Factory
At a later date, this o~rygen converter steel. mill will likewise be outfitted as
a factory for rhe continuous casting of steel. Even though this project is not
directly integrated into the current stages of construction, :~e expect that it
will be initiated immediately after the startup of converter operation, because
of its extraordinarily high economic contribution stemming mainly from savings
of inetal and energy. A total of 730,000 tons of grade 10, 11, and 12 steel
should be cast continually per year, which is abou~ 27 percent of the steel
produced at the oxygen converter steel mill. Billets will be heated in a walking-
beam furnace which will already have been implemented by this time and, by means
of a number of welds reduced by one-third in comparison with the number of
ingots, roughed down for the profile sequence of the reversing mill without
cutting the ends with block shears, which clearly will substantially reduce
prodi~ction waste.
The continuous-casting factory will be of the radial type using a curved mold.
The radius of the curve will be 14 meters, there will be 6 casting flows, the
average length of a billet ~aill be 6,000 millimeters, and the maximum length
12,000 millimenters. The pre-weight of a continuous casting depends on the number
of sequential heats and will amount, on the average, to 1,027.8 kilograms per ton.
The pouring ladle will be mounted on a pivoting pouring stand. It is expected
that the payback period of the investment will be about 4 years.
The construction of the oxygen converter steel mill is the largest capital
investment in Trinec since the liberation and will contribute substantially to
the modernization of Czechoslovak metallurgy.
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Drawing 1. Trinec Ironworks of the Great October Socialist Revolution--Overall
View
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