JPRS ID: 10347 USSR REPORT MILITARY AFFAIRS

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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H'Ult ()N'H7('IAL USN: (1NLY
~JPRS L/ 10347
23~ February 1982~
_ USSR R~ ort
p
- MILI~ARY AFFAIRS
~(FOUO 3/~82)
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JPRS L/10347
23 February 1982
USSR REPORT
MILITARY AFFAIRS
(FOUO 3/82)
CONTENTS
PERCEPTIODIS, VIETrJS, CONI~'fENTS
Book Excerpts; Hisotiography of the Great Patriotic War ~
_ (ISTORIOGRAFIYA VELIKOY UTECHESTVENNOY VOYNY SBORNIK
STATEY, 1980) 1
Book Describes Military Psychology and Education Science
(A. V. Barabanshchikov, N. F. FPdenko; OSNOVY VOYENNOY
P5IKHOL(k~II I PEDAGOGIKI, 1~cS1) 50
- a - [III - USSR - 4 FOUO]
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YERCEPTIONS, VIEWS, COIvAIENTS
BOOK EXCERPTS: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF TETE GREAT PATRIO'TIC WAR
Moscow ISTORIOGRAFIYA VELIKOY OTEG'HESTVENNOY VOYNY SBOR~~iIK. STATEY in Russian 148~J
(signed to press lU Jan 80) pp 3-!?, 283-285, 5-36, 162-177, 277-282
[Table of contents, Foreword, Zh:~lin article, Rzheshevskiy article, Conclusian, and
Appendix of books edited by Academician M. P. Kim, A. I. Babin, L. S. Gaponenko,
C. A. Kumanev, N. I. Makarov, A� V. Mitrofanova, V. P. Naumov, and Yu. V. Plotnikov]
[Excerpts] Title Page:
Titl.e: ISTORIOGRAFIYA VELIKOY OTECI~STVENNOY VOYNY SBORNIK STA1'rY
(Historiograph~~ of the Great Patriotic War Collection of Articles)
- Publisher: Voyenizdat
Place and year of pubJ_ication: ~toscow, 1.980
Signed to Press Date: 10 Ja~nuary 1980
Number of Copies Published: 6,U00
Number of Pages: 285
Tabl.e of ContF�nts Page
Foreword (Academician M. P. Kim) 5
P. A. Zhilin. Currer?t Problems of. Investigatio~.i of the Great Patriotic War 9
~he CPSU T.nspiratior~al Force and Organizer ot the Victory of the Soviet
People in the Great Patriotic War
B. S. Tel'pukhovsk~~y. Soviet Historical Literature on the Leadership Role
_ of the CPSU in the CrEat Patriotic War (!SriEf Survey ot the Literature,
_ 1965-.1977) 37
A. F. Yudenkov. The Cormnunist Party Organizer and Leader ot the
Partisan Movement (Historiography of This Topic) 52
V. P. Seregin. The Communist Party Organizer of the Nation's War
. Economy (His'~oriography of the Problem) 58
- 1
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T. B. Toman. Party Direction of Socialist Competition During the Years of
the Creat Patriotic War (Survey of the Literature) 68
M, S. Dergach and M. N. Yevlanova. Historiography of garty Supervision
of Governmental and Public Organizations 75
G. A. Kovalev. Party Ideological-Political Work on the Soviet Home Front
(Historiographic Survey) 81
M. I. Likhomanov. Party Economic Policy in the Village During the Years
of the Great Patriotic War (Historiography of the Topic) 88
N. I. Ks~ndakova. The Communist Party Organizer of Rebuilding of the
Economy and Cultural LiEe in Liberated Areas of the USSR (Historio-
graphic Survey) 94
Armed Struggle of the Soviet People Against the German-Fascist Invaders
A. I. Babin. Soviet Historical Literature on the Armed Struggle With
the German-Fascist Invaders 102
Yu. V. Plotnikov. Historiography of the Battles and Major Operations of
the Great Patriotic War 117
V. S. Shumikhin. Contemporary Histariography on the Heroism of Soviet
Fighting Men in the Great Patriotic War 127
Yu. K. Strizhkov. Brief Survey of the Literature on Combat Exploits of
Soviet Border Guards During the Years of the Great Patriozic War 134
~ N. F. Azyasskiy and A. S. Knyaz'kov. The Armed Struggle of Soviet
Patriots on Occupied Soviet Territory in the Years of the Great
Patriotic War (Historiographic Survey) 142
- V. M. Gridnev. Historiography of the Struggle of the Soviet Peasantry
Against the German-Fascist Invaders un Temporarily Occupied Soviet
Territory, 1941-1944 153
- 0. A. Rzheshevskiy. Bourgeois Historiography of the Armed Struggle on
the Soviet-Germ.an Front (Analysis of Contemporary Trends) 162
The SovieC Home Front in the Great Patriotic War
A. Kumanev and A. V. Mitrofanova. Literature of the 1970's on History
of the Soviet Home Front During the Period of the Great Patriotic War 178
A. P. Vasil'yev. Principal Trends in Investigation of the Hisrory ot
Industry, Transportation and the Worker Class During the War Years at
the Contemporary Stage 195
_ M. K. Kozybayev. Socialist Competition During the Years of the Great
Patriotic ~lar in Soviet Historical Literature 205
' 2
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, r
M. S. linich. Sovtet Eiistoricgraphy on Technological Advance in Inductry
During thc War Yeai�s 'L15
Yu. L. D'yakov. SovieL Historical Literature on Wart~me Capital Construc-
tion in Rear Areas of the USSR 221
V. '1. Aniskov. Status of Scholarly Tnvestigation of History oF Agricul-
ture and the Peasantry in th~~ War Years 229
P. G. Agaryshev and M. F. Molodtsova. Contribution of the Urals to the
Victary C~ver Fascism (Hisroriographic Survey of the Literature of the
1970's) 240
A. D. Kolesnik. Historiograptiy of. the Home Guard During the Period of the
Great Yatriotic War 246
V. A. Yezhov. Some Aspects of Historiograpi~y of- Rebuilding of the
Gconomy nuring the Years of the Great Patriotic War 252
L. V. Maksakova. Soviet Culture of the War Years in Historical Litera-
ture of the 1950's--1970's 257
E. I. Grakina. Histc~rical Liter.ature c~f ttie :1id-1960's-1970's on the
ContribuLion of Saviet S~ience to the Vict+~ry Over Fascism 26G
Conr_lusion ,..........o 277
Appendix 2bU
FOREWORD
Morc tlian chre~ decacles liave pa:~:>ed since the terribie events of 47orld War II, of
which tlte Gz~eat Patriotic War of the Soviet people against German fascism and
Japanese militarism was the main component pa;:t. This war went ctown in hi.story ~s a
grea~ ar.med confli.ct between socialism and the sti~~ck Eorces of impei�ialisn? and
- world reaction.
"The v~.ci:ory of the Soviet Union ir. the Great Patriotic War," states the Z9
Januar.y 1975 CPSU Central C~~nmittee Decree entitl~d "Un the 30th Anniversary of
the Victory of- the Soviet People in the Great Patriotic W~r of 1941-1945,"
"persuasively demonstrated the viability and invincibility oL the world's first
socialist state. It constituted the triumph of a new societal and governmental
= system engender~d by the October Revolution, of the socialist .~conomy, the ideology
- ot Marxism-Leninism, the moral-political unity of the Soviet society, and the
indissoluble frienciship of tlle peoples of the USSR."1
- The road leading to this Gr.cat Victory was increadibly diS:fi.culC, af unparalleled
hardships and intensity. The Soviet people bore measureless suffering, calamities
and losses during L-he lang days and nights of the battle with fascism. The
struggle with the invaders claimed the lives of ?.0 million sons ar.d d~.ughl-ers of
the Soviet peopl~z.
3
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Aucl the F~~rtl~e?- ttie events ol the Creat Patriotic War reccde inCo ttie past, th~
~~utstnnclinZ; contribution made by the Soviet Union to the deFeat of Hitlerite Cermany
an~l mili~arist Japan appears i~icreasingiy more multitaceted and stands in increasing-
ly higlier relief. Time is powerless ta weaken in ttie hearts and minds of genera-
C1011S ttie memory of the unprecedented exploit of tlie peoples of the USSR which,
unde~ ~tle leadership of ~he Communist Party, smashed the mightiest imperialist pred-
ator ~zn~l carri.ed out t},eir international duty with honor, saving mankind from the
threat of
iVazi enslav~ment.
One of the most important focal areas of our historical science is comprehensive
illumination of the events of the past war, the mass heroisn and courage of Soviet
ci~izens, and the leadership role of the CPSU in organizing defeat of. the German-
fasc.ist invaders and Japanese militarists.
In the more than 30 years which have passed since the war came to an end, many of
- its aspects have become the focus of serious scientific investigation, as a result
of which an extensive, diversified historical lite:rature has been established,
totaling more than 16,000 titles.
~ The trutht:ul and harsh history of the Great PaCr-iotic War. offers a clear answer to
Che questi.on why, in spite of the desperate situation in the firsl months of the
war, the Soviet people were able to stand up, and not only to stand up but, halting
the advance oF the shock Forces of world imperialism, to gain a world-historic
victory over ttiem.
- Turning to the exciting pages of history, one can easily see the main sources of
the valor and fearlessness of those who strode through the flaming battle fronts
with weapon in hand, and those who forged the weapons oF victory on the home front.
They- include fervent love of the multinational socialist homeland and total dedica--
tion to our native J.and, our great and just Communist cause. United by the will
' of the Communist Party, Soviet fighting mez and workers on the home front defended
the ir~dependence of their homeland, at the cost of enormous efforts and sacrifices
and brc,ught liberation to many peoples oE the world.
_ In addirion to great scientiEic-cognitive value, hisrorical ].iterature on the
Great Patriotic War is also important for military-~patriotic indoctrination of t~.e
masses Lor the purpose of affirming "i;. rhe consciousness of working people; and
- particularly the younger generation, of the ideas of Soviet patriotism aad socialist
internationalism, pride in the Soviet Union, in our homeland, and rPadiness and
willingness to stand to the defense of the achievements of socialism."2
In spite of t}Ze vast li_terature on the history of the Gr.;:at Patr~otic War of the
Soviet Union, many aspects of this heroic epic have :~ot yet been investigated, and
as regards some topics, including basic ones, ce~tain puhiications lack requisite
preciseness and rigorous objectivity of inte~pretation.
An all-union scientific conFerence e.r,~illed "Historiography ot the Creat Patriolic
War" was d~voted to summarizing t~?e results and achievements of historiography of
the C;reat- Patriotic War and d.:.termination of unaccomplished tasks and the most
significantproblems which require further elaboration.
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~
This a11-union conference was organized by the USSR Academy ot Sciences Institute
oF History of the USSR .jointly with tt~e CPSU Central Committee Institute of
htarxism-Leninism, ttic USS1Z hiinistry of. DeCense Institute of Military History, tl~e
- Scientific Council on Eiistory of Building Socialisni and Comm~zism in the USSR, atid
tt?e Scientific Council Eor Coordination of Research in the Rrea of Military Histury.
Holding tl~is conference was an important factor in development of research on im-
~ purtant probl.ems of the past war. Approximately 200 Soviet reseax'cli scholars tc~ok
active part in this couference.
, During the two days of Ctte conference the conferees heard more than 50 scholarl.,~
papers and reporCs on tiie most important aspects of Soviet historiograptiy of the
Great Patriotic ~Jar. All presentations emphas~ized that Lhe res;ilts. of research '
conducted in this area are rather impressive iu ~ quantit~.tive respect and ~~n the
- whole are on a high scho.larly level. At thz same time a number. of problems of his-
tory oF the past war have not been discussed, while many iiave beer. analyzed far
fro~ adequatel.y. riuch also remains to be done for a synthe~is of the most effective
forms and modes aF combating bourgeois falsifiers of hi_~=c-or.y.
7'he all-union scientific conference helped iiot only summarize the status ot treat-
ment of mauy current-importance pr.ablems dealing with defense o( thc socialist home-
land but also helped delineate paths of Eurtt~er profound investi~;ation and study of
one of the most heroic periods in the history of our homeland.
= This voliame is based o~i the materials of the plenary session and the three con-
fc~rence sections, ~eworked by the authors i.nto the form of. scholarly articles and
summaries. Th~ first item is a substantial introductory article by a prominecit
Soviet mil_~tary historian, Lt Gen P. A. 'L'nilin, correspondin~; member ~f the USSR
- Acad~my of 5ciences -~nc1 liead of the USSK rti~iistry c~t Deferse Iiistitute of htilitary
Eii.,;tory. 'ihis article traces in detail the birth and devzl.optnent of Soviet his-
toringraphy of the past. war and presents a genera7. piccure of the development status
el this important area of Soviet historical science.
' Ttie first section of tti:is volume ("Tiie CFSU Inspir.arioi?al r"orce and 'Ur.~;anizer of
the Victory of the Sovi.et People in t!:e Cireat Patriolic War") conta:ins articles and
summaries which anal.yze the principal works de~iling with the diversified activities
of the Communist Party pertaining to directing the strug~le of. the Sovi.et people
against the Cerman-fascist invaders.
'I'he second section ("~~rmed Struggle of the Soviet People Again.st Che Ger.man-Fascist
Invaders i.n the Years of the Great Patriotic War.") contains articles examining tiie
status of scientific Creatment i.n Soviet histor.iography of various aspects of: the
~rmecl struggle against Lhe enemy on ttie batt]_e fr.otits and bc>i?ind tt?e Hitlerite .lin~s.
Ttic final sectinn ("'1'he Soviet Hume Fr.ont in the Great Yatriotic War") deals with
analysis of the literature which discusses military-economic pr.oblems, aspects of
the labor exploits oE the Soviet people and thei.r selfless efforts to gain an
economii: victory over the fascist bloc.
Ttiis volume, wtiile esse.ntially the first sumraary historiographic work on tlie Great
Yatrioti.c War, of course does not claim exhaustive treatment of all the questions
examinel.
Academician M. P. Kim
5
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~ ~t x
Technica.l preparation of the manuscript for publication was performed by scientific
~ersonnel from the US5R history in the period of the Great Patriotic War sector of
the Institute of History of ttie USSR of the USSR Academy of Sciences: L. M. Tsymbal
(coordinator), N. N. Yefimova, Ye. rt. Kozlova, and E. N. Revuk. Appended to this
- volume is a lisr of tupics recommenrled by the conference and the indicated scientif-
ic councils for investigation.
The editors would like to expre;:~ their profound grut.itude to twice Hero of the
Soviet Union Mar SU A, h[. Vasilevskiy [deceased], Doctor oE Histor~.cal Sciences
_ Professor A. F. Smirnov, Doctor of Historical Sciences N. M. Aleshchenko, all
groups and individuals who contributed comments and suggestions during the prepara-
tion of this volurne.
FOOTNOTES
1. "'Tri~itsatilet:iye Yobedy sovetskogo naroda v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne. Dok.
i n?ater." [3Uth Anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet People in the Creat
Patriotic Wa�r. Documents and rtaterials], rtoscow, 1975, page 4.
2. T.. I. Brezhr.ev, "Otchet 'i'sentral'nogo KomiL-eta KPSS i ocherednyye zadachi partii
v ob:Lasti vrtutrenney i vneshney politiki. Doklad XXV s"yezdu KPSS 24 fevralya
1976 g." [~l'SU Central Committee Keport and Current Party Tasks in the Area of
Domestic and Foreign Folicy. Report to the 25th CPSU Congress of 24 I'ebruary
1976], Mosc:ow, 1976, page 91.
- P. A. 'Lhilin. CUFtRENT PKOBLE`iS OF INVES'TIGATION OF THE GREAT PATRTOTIC WAR
. `Che historic r.esolutions of ttie 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union are increasingly strongly influencing all aspects of societa~ affairs both
the practic:al, prnduction activities of Soviet citizens, and scholarly-scientific
activities. The congress documents and materials, and particularly the CPSU Central
- Committee Report presented by CPSU Central Committee General Secretary L. I.
Brezhnev, substantiated and validated the party's general policy line continued
building of communism in the USSR, a consistent campaign for peace, and firm,
reliable defense of the productive labor of the Soviet people.
- Ttie pea.ce-seekin~ foreign policy of tt~e Soviet Union and its readiness at all times
to off~ar a rebuff to an aggressor. comprise the essence of the political and military
= dc,tr.i_ne of the Communist Party. As early as October 1918, during thp period of
emergence of the Soviet State, V. 1. Lenin said: "No revolution is worCh anything
unler;s it is able to defend itsel�."1 Guided by Leninist teaching on defense of
the socialist homeland, the CPSU and the Armed Forces succeeded in deLending ~he
ach'~evements of the Creat October Socialist Revolution in two bloody wars the
civil war and ttie Great Patriotic War. These outst