JPRS ID: 10335 USSR REPORT POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL AFFAIRS

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N'l1K l)hHl(:IA1, ll1b: l)NLY
JPI~~ L/ 10335
18 F~bruary 1982
~
~
USSR Re ort
p
- POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL AFFAIRS
CFOUO 5/82)
l
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JPRS L/10335
- 18 February 1982
USSR REPORT
POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL AFFAIRS
(FOUO 5/82)
CONTENTS
NATIONAL
Recent Works on Social Modeling Reviewed
(Id. T. Lap3n; VOPROSY FTLCS(`YF'TT, Nov 81) 1
New Tasks for Ethnographers Outlined at Conference on Ethnocultural
Processes
~SOVETSKAYA ETNOGRAFTYA, Nov-Dec 81~
~ REGIONAL
I
i
~ Solomentsev Discusses RSFSR Socio-Economic Development
(M. S. Solomentsev; TSTI~RTYA SSSR, Nov-Dec 81) 7
Nationality, Social Factors in Et~nicall,y Mixed R4arriages Discussed
(A. A. Susokolov, A. A. Novitskaya; SdVETSKAY'A ~'I.'NO~R4F.i~C1~,
Nov-Dec 81) 32
~ - a - [III - USSR - 35 FOUO]
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1~OIt (?I~1~1('IAt, ll~l? UNI.Y
IJATIGtiTAL
RECL~'NT WORKS OIJ SOCIAL riODELING REVIEWED
Aioscow VOPROSY FILOSOFII in Russian No il, Nov 81 pp 168-172
~Review by "v. I. Lapin of book "Sistemnost' i obshchestvo" ~Systemicity and Socie-
tyJ by V. G. Afanas'yev, Politizdat~ Moscow, 1980, 368 pages (I); and book "Obsh-
chestvo: sistemnost'~ poznaniye i upravleniye" ~Society: Systemicity, Cognition~
and Con~rolJ by V. G. Afanas'yev~ Politizdat, rloscow, 1981, 432 pages (II~
~~xcerptsj The author siams up the latest developments in the field of modeling
sociai systems and processes, as carried out at the VNII ~All-Union Scientific Re-
seasch Institu-teJ of Systems Analysis of the GKi1T ~State Commi~'ctee for Science and
Technolo~yJ anci the USSR Academy of Sciences, at the TsEh1I ~C~ntral ~'conomics and
I~iathematics InstituteJ, the Computer Center of the US5R Acaden~y of Sciences and
several other scientific organizations. These axe models of global processes, mu-
nicipal systems, culture, budgets of free time~ etc. Moreover~ the basic attention
has been devoted to imitation models, problems of their typology~ corraslations be-
tween formalized and non-formalized ele?~nents in modeling~ classific~,t'ion of non-
formalized elements and so forth. What has been provided is the characterization
of a normative model for an organizational system.
F'urther ~n in the second book problems of sys.temicity in management are examined.
At the present-day stage~ the author emphasizes, inter-sectorial and inter-regional
problems have moved to the foreground; their solution requires that consideration
be given to the great diversity of internal and external factors~ the forecasting
not only of d.irect but also of anciilary results and long-term consequences, as
well as the overcoming of an excessively bureaucratic attitude and an over-emphasis
on the order of seniority. These requirements are me~: most effective~y by program-
taxget planning, which signifies intensificatior~ of the integrated, centralized
principle in economics~ and it constitutes a.means for concentrating enormous ma--
terial, labor and financial resources in the name of achieving an entire society's
~;oals. This i~ one of the specific manifestations of the comprehensive~ systems
approach to mana~;ement.
V. G. Nfanas'yev analyzes in detail the requirements for a goal as a point of de-
parture for a comprehensive program, tre types and stages of developing programs,
questions of the correlati.on between programs and plans~ and vital problems of con-
trol in implementing the programs. He provides the characteristics oi the multi-
plication approach as one of the vaxiants of the program-taxget approach to plan-
ning and control, as developed and applied in Bulgaxia. ~3ut the basic attent~.on
is accord.ed to conceptualizing the specific experience of program-target planning
' and controls in the UJJR.
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H'c~k uri~i~ iA~ u~r. uNi,r
I.n examining certain problems cf optimizing management, the author considers that
the essence of optimization consists in economizing on time. L,ying at the founda-
- tion of this thesis is an aggregate of ideas about the specifics of social ti.me:
"Social matter and the systems pertaini~g to it ha,ve their own rhythms and tempos,
time sequences~ and coord~.nation of events.... Time is a~powerful social factor~~
and economizing on time, both working and leisure time, is an important indicator
of production efficiency, the vital capacity of an entire socia? system, an~indi-
cator of the society's and the individual's progress,"~ the author emphasizes (II~
Pp 332--333)� And since under socialism management's goal is to ensure such pro-
gress, to satisfy people's needs to an ever-increasing degree, and to cre~te the
conditions for the individual's multi-faceted development, "it is, ther~fore, in-
disputable that the ~optimization of management constitutes a process directed at
economizin~ on time"~ ~material spaced for emphasisJ (II, p,33~~� .
The monograph concludes with an examination of the urgent problems of perfecting
_ management t~ithin a developed socialist society. These ar~ pri.maxily problems of
improving the economic mechanism; in the analysis of these problems -che author has
made a substantial contribution to the very concept of the economic mechanism~
axound which in recent times animated discussions have been conducted among e~o-
nomists and representatives of closely allied sciences.
V. C. Afanas'yev proceeds from the position that an entire aggre~;ate of social-
coi~trol mechanisms axe functioning in society: the economic mechanism~ the mecha-
nism of political regulation~ the value-normative mechanism, and the mechanism of
moral regulation. Control mechanisms comprise those practical measures~ means,
levers and incentives by mea.ns of which the party and the state translate the lari-
gt:a~,e of objective lai�rs into the language of management practice ar:d policy, cre-
ate the economic, socio-political and ideological conditions opening up the scope
for the action of these la~rs so that people can take them into consideration and
implement them in their own practical matters. Tizis is~ so to speak~ a"social
technolo6Y~" objective in its derivation and subjective in its e~nbodi.ment, vr a
"specific intermediary~bet~reen the objectiaely flowing social processes and the
subjective activity of persons" (II~ p 370~.
~ '1'he mo~t important plac~ within the aggregate of social-control mechanisms is occu-
pied by Lhe economic mechani.~m. ~~ut what exactly i:, thi.s? In the author's o~ini-
on, the mechanism oP ~ocialist economic mana~P.ment is a complex, multi-level ~heno-
nienon, iricludin~�, ::uch coniporierii,s as the following: the system for Forecastin~; arici
~~lann i r~~; thf~ economy; t.he a~;~regate of plan and accounting indicators, criteri a for
evaluatin~; the rrork of enterprises, associations and ministries; the system of le-
~;a.l acts arul negotiated a~reemer_ts, norn?s and standaxds which regulate production
activity~ the relations of producers rrith each other~ as well a~ those between pro-
ciucers and consumers; the ~ystem of providing incentives for production, includin~
~ra~es~ prices and rates, finance and credit; the sys~tem of ineasures for creatin~
and introducing new equipment and technology~ implementing inventions and discove-
rie;; the :.ystem of economic, scientific and technical~ socio-political information
being utilized in production, as well as the scientific organization of labor and
mana,~ement. The mechanism of economic mana~sment "places the human being and labor
groups with~n a specific framework and cor~ditions so that they may function with
the greatest possible yield" (II, p 37~)�
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Proceedin~ from the decisions of the 25th CP~U Congress, the author has formulated
an aggre~ate of ineasures for improving the economic mechanism. They axe aimed at
perfecting planning, developing incentives and cost accounting~ as well as increas-
ing the efficiency of the organizational structure, the style and methods of mana,ge-
ment. Also examined in this book are problems of developing the material-techiiical
a.nd scientific basis of management~ improving work with management staffs and furW
ther democratizing management.
In both booI:s there is an imprecise ch2racterization of the correlation between the
functions of a system and its components. The author is jus~ified in insisting on
the fact that functions have bearers~ are "attached" to a system as a whole or to
its individual components. But remaining obscure herein is the circumstance that
ihe presence of such an inter-relationship does not signify the complete isomor.=
phism of a system's functions and compon'~nts inasmuch as one component can perfoxm
several functions~ 4rherea:~ one function can be performed by several components:
this also allorrs a system to maintain its own functions when its component make-up
is changed.
While emphasizing that the socio-economic formation remains the most common type of
- social systemicity, V. G. Afanas'yev notes at the same time that, as human society
- pro~resses, there is a growth in the degree of its systemicity, and that in our pe-
riod a process ot mankind's integration may be observed, transformin~ it into an
inte~rated s;rstem (I, pp 272--2?3~. Herein arise questions about the characteris-
tics of mankind as a social system, about the essence and structure of the still
broader, global s~rstem, as components of which ~the following appear; nature--man--
soctiety (formation)--humanity. These are the socio-philosophical problems connec-
ted Vrith them require further reseaxch.
COPYRIC;H'I': Izdatel'st~-o 'I'sK KP:~~ "Fravda"~ "Voprosy filosofii" No 11~ 1981
?384~
~:i;o: 1800/17~
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NATIONAL
NEW TASKS FOR ETHNOGRAPHERS OUTLINED AT CONFERENCE ON ETHNOCULTURAL PROCESSES
, Noscow SOVETSKAYA ETN~GRAFIYA in Russian No 6, Nov-Dec 81 pp 141-148
[Artic'~: "The Al1-Union Conference on 'Ethnocultural Processes in the Con-
tempora~y World "'J
- [Excerpt ] An all-uuion conference on "Ethnocultural Processes in the Con-
temporary World" w~~s held on 12-14 Ma:y 1981 in Elista, the capital of the
Kalmykskaya ASSR: The conference was organized by the In:ttztute o� Ethnography
imeni N. I~. Miklukho-Maklay of the USSR Acad~my of Scienc~~s and the Kalmyk
Scientific Research Institute of History, Philosophy ann Economics of the
Council of Ministers of the Kalmytcskaya ASSR. It raas noteworthy Chat the con-
ference coincided with an important event in the cultural and scientific life
of the republic, the 40th anniversary of the Kalmyk institure. The establish-
ment of a scienzific institution in the Kalm}�k region, whi.ch had practically no
specialists with higher education before the ~ctober Revolution, and the suc-
cesses of Kalmyk sr.ientists in variaus fields of knowledge are vi~;id testimony
to the triumph af the Leninist nationality policy.
More than 150 pers~~ns took part in the work of the conference, including spe-
cialists from var~ous social science fields whose fields of interests covered
- the history, language, and culture of the peoples of tfie USSR and foreign
= countries. They represented 39 cities from 11 Union and 17 autonomous republics,
including associates of academy and other scientific researcfi institutes, repre-
sentatives of higher educational institutions, and scientific associates at
ethnographic and regional museums. Representatives of the Kalmykskaya Oblast
committee of th~e CPSU also took part in tl~e work of the ronference.
= Seven reports were presented at the two plenary sessions of the conference, and
100 reports and communications were given at 15 section meetings.l
1 See "Vsesoyuznaya Konferentsiya 'Etnokul'turnyye Pr~tsessy v Sovremennc~m :iire'.
- May, 1981 God. Kratkiye Tezisy Dokladov i Soobshcheniy" [The All-Unio~. Confer-
ence on "Ethnocultural Processes in the Contemporary Woxld". May, 1981.
Short Abstracts of Reports and Communications], Elista, 1981.
. 1~
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Academician Yu. V. Bromley of Moscow, director of tfie Institute of Ethnography
_ of the USSR Academy of Sciences, opened tfie conference, which began its work
in the meeting fiall of the Supreme Soviet of the Kalmykskaya ASSR. He empha-
5ized the timeliness of studyir~g ethnocultural processes in the contemporary
world.
V. I. Nikulin (Elista), first secretary of the Kalmykskaya Oblast committee of
the CPSU, gave an introductory talk to participants at the conference. He told
of the achievements of~Kalmyk scientis~ts and wished the participants success
- in their work.
~ The first report presented at the plenary session was the report "Tasks of
Soviet Ethnographic Science in Li,ght of the Resolutions of tlie 26th Congress of
. the CPSU" by Yu. V. Bromley. Pointing to the considerable attention given to
problems of the development of science by the 26th CPSU Congress, the speaker
emphasized that some of the challenges advanced by the 26th CPSU Congress for
Sovi~t scientisr_s are closely related to the prospects for development of
+ domes~ic ethnographic science. In connection with studying the peoples of the
USSR, Yu. V. Bromley noted first ~f all the timeliness of investigating
- natior.al processes in the USSR and studying the shaping and detiel.opment of the
new historic community, the Soviet people, and cultural-domestic aspects of t~-~e
_ Soviet way of life. It is especially importanr, here, the speaker iaoted, to
thoroughly study the ethnic and soci.al aspects of nationality processes and to
study the ethnograFhy of the cities more intensively. Yu. V. Bromley called at-
tention to tlte importance of studying the specific features of the etlinographic
development o� groups of nonindigenous popu.lation living in an alien ethnic en-
vironment and investigating the gaths of ethnic development of small peoples.
Work on all of the issues, he stressed, becomes especially significant in con-
nection with the 60th anniversary of the formation of the USSR, which takes
place in 1982.
'~.-'he report also mentioned the great p~:actical significance of studying the family
as the most important element of society, as well as the need to investigate
ethnodemographic aspects of the reproduction of labor resources.
In light of the tasks advanced at the congress related to shapin~ the new type
of humar? being, the speaker said, it becomes very important to study and work
out the Soviet ritual structure, which fulfills important ethnic functions and
demands consideration of ethnic traditions.
From the standpoint of timeliness and practical imporr.ance, investigation of the
primary trends in contemporary ethnic and cultural-domestic processes occurring
in foreign coucitries is particularly interesting. A special section was de-
voted to these problems at the conference.
_ In connection with the growiug role of the religious factor in national libera-
tion movements and the life of certain developing countries in recent years, tl~e
report pointed out the need for ethnographers to give greater attention to study-
ing world religions and their role under contemporary conditions.
1
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~ Tl~r c:ongress noted the timel.iness of criti.cism of hourgeois ideas of social
development. Yu. V. Bromley observed that ethnographers should step up work
on topics linked to tfie problems of the ideological struggle and devote more
attention to exposing the tfieory and practice of contemporary racism and to
critical anal~ysis of foreign ethnographic schools.
In canclusion the speaker emphasized that raising the theoretical level of re-
search, working olit methodological problems, and creative discussions on
timely problems of ethnograghy are essential conditions for the further develop-
ment of Soviet etfinographic science and successfully meeting the scientific
- challenges outlined by the 26th Congress of the CPSU. .
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", "Sovetskaya etnografiya", 1981
11,176
CSO: 1800/206
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RDGIONAT, "
SOLOMENTSEV DISCUSSES RSFSR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Moscow ISTORIYA SSSR in Russian No 6, Nov-Dec 81 pp 3-25
~Article by M. S. Solomentsev, candidate member of the CPSU CC Po:.itburo, chairman
of the RSFSR Council of Ninisters: "Socio-Economic Development a~ the Russian Fe-
, deration at the Present-Day Stage"J
~TextJ The present-day stage--the stage of develo~ed sec~_alism--is marked by the
further economic and social progress of all the fraternal republics within the body
of the g.reat Soviet Union, including the Ftu~sian ~'~deration. New, broad horizons
have been opened up for the republic by the decisions of the 26th part~~ con~ress.
It was a very important political event in the life of the party and the Soviet
people, as well as in the interr~ational communist movement. All the work of our
party's highest forum, the report of the general secretary ef the CPSU CC, Comrad.e
L. I. Brezhnev, and the materials of�the congress constitute a model of the crea-
tive Marxist-Leninist approach to the solution of world pro~lems and the questions
of further i.mproving a developed soci:a.~ist society.
The working people of the Russian Fed.eration~ as well as all Soviet people, ardent-
ly support the Leninist course which was approved by the 26th party congress and
the fruitful, practical activity of the CPSU CC; they note with great satisfaction
the enormous mobiZizing importance of L. I. Brezhnev's report--a document of great
- historical importance, a genuine manifesto of the struggle for peace and communism.
_ It demonstra.ted with exceptional clarity the path traveled by the party and the
country during the 1970's, it provided a profound, Leninistically exhaustive ana-
lysis of the pr.esent-day situation, and it disclosed the spleridid prospects for im-
minent accomplishments and measures to further improve the nation's well-being.
The 26th CPSU Congress set great and responsible tasks for our country's working
people. This pertains ~to all the sectors of builcl.ing communism and, above all, to
the economy, the management of which is �he core of all the activity of the party
_ and the state. The congress's decisions in the economic field are permeated with
the following humanistic idea: "Everything for man, in the name of man." The par-
ty thereby firmly continues to follow the course a.dopted. by the 2~th and 25th CPSU
Congresses.
The results of the development of the USSR's national economy during the 1970's
- have convincingly affirmsd the correctness of the party's e~~nomic strategy. In
the 197~'s the coun~ry moved substantially ~orward along all the lines of creating
the material and technical base of communism. There was a significant growth in
the national wealth, extensive growth was achieved in economic, scientific, and
technical potential, the defensive capability of our Motherland was strengthened,
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_ a~~i the i'urther rise in the material and cultural level of the people's life has
- been ~~nsured.
- The Soviet economy is developing as an integrated, national-economic complex. An
_ integrated system of mana.gement on the principles of democratic centralism, hand-
ling the economy in accordance with a unified planr and an integrated,.state sci-
entific and +echnical policy in conjunction with the local initiative of the masses
ensure -the country as a whole and each Union republic in particular of a dynamic
and proportional growth. All this has been visibly confirmed in the example of the
; Russian Federation. In 1980, as compared with 19?0, t:~e gros~ social product rose
by 65 f, the national income produced--by 63 q, industrial output-=by 74 f, and
agricultural output (on a yeaxly average for 1971--1980, as a percentage of the pe-
riod 1961--1970)--by 22 Freight turnover of all types of transport increased
by 68 There is a constant increase in fixed production capital: in industry it
increased by a factor of 2.2, in agr-iculture--by a factor of 2.3, and in construc-
~ tion--by a factor of 2.7.
The economies of the autonomous republics are developing at a rapid pace. Thus,
the volume of industrial production in 1980~ as compared to 1970, increased in the
Ildmurt~kaya ASSR by a factor of 2.4, in the Chuvashskaya ASSR--by a factor of 2.3~
in the Mariyskaya and Tatarskaya ASSR's--by a factor of 2.2. Industrial production
in the Mordovskaya and Bashkirskaya ASSR's has more than doubled.
The avei~age annual gross production output in agriculture during the last 10 yeaxs
(1971--1980), as compared with the previous deca.d.e (1961-~1970) has increased by
25 f in the autonomous ~epublics. The greatest growth of agricultural output took
place in the Mariyskaya and Dages-~ans?caya ASSR's~ where it increased by 48 in
the Kalmytskaya ASSR--by 43 and the Kabardino-BalIcarskaya ASSR --by 39 I�
The growth of the Soviet Union's economic might enabled us to fulfill in the 1970's
a broad program of upsurge in the nation's well-being. Thus, in the Russian Fede=
ration over this 10-year period th~ average monthly monetary wa,ges of workers and
office employees increased by 41 ~ and ir 1980 amounted to 178 rubles. Labor pay-
_ ments of kolkhoz members durir~g this period increased by 57 Payments and bene-
fits from public consumer funds, as calculated on a per capita basis, grew from 288
rubles in 1970 to 490 rubles in 1980, or by 70 f. Per capita real incomes in-
creased by a factor of' 1.5.
"Within the constellation of the republics enjoying equal rights," Comrade L. I.
- Brezhnev noted~ "the RSFSR occupies the foremost place--with regard to its popul~.-*
tion, territory, natural resources, economic, scientific and technical potential."
At the present time the population of the Russian Federation amot!n+s to almost 140
million persons (52.2 / of the country's total popul.a.t.ion), while its tera~itory
comprises more than 17 million sq, km (76.2 / of the country's entire territory).
The republic's natural resources are also enormous. Concentrated within the
~ depths of Russia are considerable reserves of petroleum and nat~ral gas; also lo-
- cated~here are almo~t all the country's nickel and apatite.reserves, three-fouths
of the knorrn �reserves of bauxite, hard coal ~anthraciteJ and bmwn coal ~lignite,J,
as well as more than haif of the resources of iron ores and potassium salts.
~ L. I. Brezhnev, "Leninskim kursom. Rechi i stat'i" ~The Leninist Course:
Speeches a.nd ArticlesJ, Vol 3, Moscow, 197z, P 38~�
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, Thc rc:,erve:~ of fresh water, peat, hydroelect~ic power, and valuable lumoer are
. colcssal. The areas of fertile lands are considerable.
Now produced in the Russian Federation are the following: 62 % of all electric po-
wer, 58 ~ of finished rolled steel, 75 / of steel pipes, 86 ~ of motor vehicl~s~
72 / of the fabrics; 91 % of the petroleum is extracted here (including gas conden-
sate), as well as 55 / of the coal. More than half of all the grain in the count~~y
is grown on the fields of Russia. Al1 this imposes a great responsibility on this
republic's working people to fulfill the plans for economic and social development
and to successfully implement the historic decisions of the 26th CPSU Congress.
- I.
The Russian Federation has entered upon the 1980's with a mighty economic and sci-
entific-technical potential at its disposal. Its fuller and better utilization
will allow us to more successfully solve the diverse socio-economic problems which
confront the republ'ic. This is why raising the effectiveness of social production
and work quality is the most important component of the paxty's economic strategy,
the top-priority task of workers in all the sectors of the national economy, and
thz necessary condition for a further upsurge in the people's standaxd of living.
In his report to the 26th party congress Comrade L. I. Brezhnev emphasized the fol-
lowing: "Intensifying the econnmy and raising its effectiveness, if this formula
is translated into practical matters, consists primarily in the fact that the re-
sults of production should increase more ~apidly than the expenditures on it, so
~ that, b~y dxawing comparitively less resources into production, we can acnieve
more."~
The intensive nature of the eronomy's development manifests itself, above all, in
the accelerated growtY: of labor productivity. The importance of this factor in
the development of m~,terial production at the present time ha.s abruptly increased
in connection with the decrease in the gr.owth of labor resources. Hence the tasks
of improving their utilization, of raising the effectiveness of labor, of intensi-
fying its mechaniza.tion and automation assume top-priority importance.
_ Spt~ding up the growth of labor productivity at the present stage of building com-
munism emerges as the prir,cipal condition for an upsi;sge in the economy and the
well-being of the people. The universal ra~sing of labor productivity is the main
factor in building a communist society. V. I. Lenin wrote as follows: "In the
final analysis, labor productivity is the most importarit and chief thing for the
victory of the new social system. Capitalism cre~ted a~~abor productivi~ty which
= was unknown under the serf -owning system. Capitalism can be finally overcome and
will be finally overcome by socialism creating a new and much higher degree of .la-
bor productivity."~~
"Materialy XXVI s"yezda KPSS" ~Materials of the 26th CPSU CongressJ~ Moscow~
~ Politizdat, 1981, p 40.
V. I. Lenin "PSS" ~Complete Collected Work~~, vol 39, p 21.
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D~_iriri~; Lhe past 10 years the productivity of social labor in the republic has in-
creased by 48 including that ~in industry--by 58 in construction--by 43
and in agriculture (on a yearly average for the period 1971--1980 in f relative to
- the yeaxs 1961--19'~0)--t,y 48 Ti~e growth in labor productivity accounted for
80 / of the increase in the national income, 86 f of the indus-trial output, 7b %
of construction and installation operations, and the entire increase in the volume
of agricultural output. The labor of almost 20 million p~rsons was economized.
Nevertheless, enterprisss and associations have at their disposal even greater re-
serves for increasing labor productivity. Moreover, the possibilities for its
_ growth, as distinct from the possibilities of increasing labor resources are li-
mitless, as well as the unlimited improvement of equipment, technology, production
and labor organization. The republic has quite a few enterprises where this work
is being conducted successfully and is yielding a high economic.effect. Thus, at
the Volgograd Tractor Plant during the lOth Five-Year Plan by means of implement-
ing on a broad scale organizational-technical measures with respect to replacing
obsolete equipment, introducing progressive technology, and the brigad.e methods of
labor organization, the personnel xequirements were raduced by 5,200 persons or by
16 The entire increase i:~ output was obt~,ined by means of increasing labor pro-
ductivity. At the Moscow Association of the Machine-Building Plant imeni S. Ord-
_ zhonikidze in 1980 an automated line system was made for process~ng cylinder
blocks for the KamAZ motor vehicles; it allowed them to increase labor productivity
13-fold and free up more than 1300 workers. Our machine biiilders, creating new ~
vehicles using progressive technology, should constantly bear in mind this chief
requirement--ensuring the greatest possible growth in labor productivity.
= Effective utilization of labor resources assumes the creation at each work place of
conditions for highly productive labor, when~ with the increase of production out-
put, a stabilization of reduction in the number of workers is ensured. As a re- �
sult of implementing scientific and technical progress, a considerable portion of
the labor resources is freed up, which is then used in other sectors and in the
non-production field. During the 10th Five-Year Plan alone in the republic's in-
- dustry by means of speeding up tecY~nical progress an annual savings of the labor of
3~0,000 persons was effected.
A major reserve for improving the utilization of labor resources is the reduction
of labor-consuming and manual processes. At many enterprises, however, there are
still significant outlays of manual labor for finishing operations~ for heavy '
loading and unloading, transport, and warehouse operations. It is often the case
that even the plans.do not provide for the mechanization and automation of termi-
nal operations. Thus, at the Tyrnyauzskiy Mining and Metallurgical Combine~ due
to the use of underground dump-trucks, labor productivity in loading and transport
opNrations has been increased by a factor of 1.7.
Under present-day conditions the rol.e played by social factors in the increase of
labor productivity has increased particularly; the level of personnel skills, the
_ 5 Lability of the pr~duction groups, the standards of production and labor, the ma-
terial and moral incentives for increasing labor efficiency and work quality, im-
p.rove:nent of working conditions~ etc. In accordance with the decisions of the
26th party congress and the decree of the CPSU CC and the USSR Council of Minis-
ters, en~titled "On Improving Planning and Strengthening the Influence of the Eco-
nomic Mechanism on Inc reasing Production Efficiency and Work Quality," dated 12
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July 1979, a taxgeted, comprehensive program is being implemented for reducing ma-
' nual labor. Also being implemented are measures aimed at strengthening the plan-
ned quality in the distribution and redistribution of manpower, at reducing turn-
over and stabilizing personnel, and at improving the controls over the effective
utilization of labor resources in the national economy.
~oreover, it is important to pay greater attention to the problems of retaining
yo~ng people on the production line. According to the data of sociological re-
search studies conducted by scientific institutions in Moscow an~ Siberia, the
turnover of this portion of personnel ~u.~der 30 years of age~ at industrial enter-
- pri ses and construction projects in the RSFSR is double the analogous indicator for
the older age groups, and it reaches 60 / of the total turnover. It has also been
e~tablished that the period of a,djustment for young people on the production lizie
lasts for approximately two or three years. Therefore, enterprise managers, party,
Komsomol, and trade-union organizations must pay serious attention to working with
young people, especially those who are entering upon the production line for the
first time. For this purpose we must make broad use of the positive experience of
the Volga Motor-vehicle Flant imeni 50 Years of the USSR and other leading e.~ter-
pri ses with regard to vocational-skills advancement of young people on the pxoduc-
tion line.
In order to increase the economic effectiveness of production and the further
growth of labor productivity, we must constantly improve its organization and wa-
ges. In the decisions of the 26th party congress and.the decree of the CPSU CC,
the USSR Council of Ministers, and the AUCCTU, entitled "On Further Stengthening
Labor Discipline and Reducing Personnel Turnover in the National Econom,y, " great
significance is attached to the progressive forms of organization and wages for
strengthening labor discipline and inereasing 7_abor productivity. An extensive in-
troduction of group forms of organization and wages, including the brigade-contract
sys tem, comprehensive and mixed-type brigades with wages based on the end results
of a job, assembly-transport complexes, detachments and brigades with periodical
(non-order~ wages~ etc, will facilitate a more rational utilization of working
tim e, a strengthening of the material and moral self-interests of all members of a
brigade, and inculcate a sense of responsibility among the groups for the tasks
which have been entxusted to them.
Of great importance in the matter of the rational utilization of labor resources
and the upswing of labor productivity is the improvement of setting labor norms
and its wages. However, a number of enterprises have been us:ing outmoded norms
for production and evaluation for a long time, and they have been reducing the
differences in the wages of workers with various skills. All this has a negative
effect on the growth of skills and intensifies the personnel turnover. In accor-
dance with the requirements of the Basic Directions we must continue working to
improve the setting of labor norms~ as well as the system of material incentives,
taking into consideration the specific contribution of every labor group and indi-
vidual worker to the results achieved. It 3s necessary to develop effective forms
= of encoura,~ing groups to fulfill and over-fulfill their plan tasks witYi less num-
bers of workers and office employees, utilizing savings in the wage fund to sti-
mulate the growth of labor productivity and improve work quality.
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i
A~ the 26th CPSU Congress it was noted that our further forward progress will de-
' penc~ to an increasing degree on the skillful and effective utilization of all the
resources we have--fixed capital, fuel anci raw materials, as well as the out~put of
fields and farms. Therefore, the complete utilization of the created production
potential, as emphasized in the Basic Directions, is the most important condition
for the successful fulfillment of the principal task of the llth Five-Year Plan.
In proportion to the growth in th~ scale of production more and more importance at-
taches to improving the utilization of fixed production capital. For this purpose
it is extremely important to guaxantee the. most progressive correlation between
the renewal and the accumulation of fixed capital, as well as improvement in plan-
ning capital investments in existing production and new construction as an inte~
- grated whole. This will facilitate speeding up the pace of retooling and moderni-
zing existing production lines and, on this basis, the achievement of a balance be-
tween the existing work places and -those being created with labor resources, along
- with the reduction of expenditures on developing production capacities, improving
their utilization, and increasing the yield on capital.
One of the ke,y tasks of the 11th Five-Year Plan is raising the coefficien�t of re-
placing operational equipment. Testifying to the possibilities existing in this
regard is the experience of a.dvanced enterprises. At the Second Moscow Watch Plant
in 1980 production capacities were utilized by practically 100 and the coeffici-
ent of replacing operational equipment amount to 1.85, as a result of which the le-
- vel of yield on capital was 20 / higher than the average for the watch industry.
At the Vichugskaya Garment Factory the coefficient of replacing operational equip-
ment increased to 1.9~ and this facilitated a substantial increase in the yield on
capital as we11 as a growth in labor productivity.
Many enterprises have significantly renewed their production potential by means of
installing new and highly producti've equipment. However, this equipment is uti:=
lized with insufficient effectiveness at some of them. Thszs, the planned capacity
of a set of equipment for the moist-heat processing~ finishing, and packing of
men's shirts is utilized at the Pobeda Vladimir Garment Production Association by
10G while at the Sverdlovsk Gaxment Production Association this figure is only
j5 At the Korablinsk Silk Fabric Combine the productivity of the STB ~shuttle-
less loomsJ is 51 / higher than at the Kemerovo Silk Fabric Combine.
Increasing the effectiveness of the fixed capital, as was noted at the 26th party
congress, is directly linked with improving and strengthening the "upper storeys"
of the corresponc~ing sectors: in metallurgy--the fourth reprocessing, in con,~truc-
tion--the finishing operations, in light industry--the culi.minating production.
Thus, the ra~:e of x�eplacing the dyeing and finishing types of equipment in the ~tex-
tile industry is 2--3 times lower than for other types of equipment, and this has
a negative effect on the quality of output produced as well as production
efficiency.
The fiussian Federation possesses extremely abundant material and raw-material re-
- sources, the total volume of minerals being extracted is constantly growing, and
the production volumes of inetals, cement~ and other materials have increased. In
- order to better provide for the national economy's requirements for raw-material,
fuel, and ener~y resources, we must go into the regions of the North and East
which are sparsely inhabited and difficult to reach. All this requires that
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particular attention be paid to the economical and rational utilization of raw-mate-
rial, fuel, and energy resources. On this level a great deal has been acco?nplished
in the republic. During the period of the lOth Five-Yeax Plan alone in the RSFSR's
national economy, by means of improving technology and equipment, using progressive
types of materials, lowering the spscific norms for the expenditure of raw materi~.ls~
other materials, fuel, and energy resources, and curtailing their losGes, savings
~ were effected of 4.2 million t of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, 2.5 million t of
gasoline and d.iesel fuel, 24~ million t of boiler-furnace fuel, 42 billion kW-hrs of
electric power, 4.? million cu. m of lumber~ and 2.5 million t of cement. The i;ota3
sazings in raw materials, fuel, energy, ax.d other o~~jects of labor amounted to 10
billion rubles.
Nevertheless, as Comrade L. I. Brezhnev pointed out at the 26th party congress, our
economy is still expending more raw material and energy per unit of national income
than the best world indicators. Therefore, possibilities do exist for satisfying
the requirements of the national economy with a relative reduction in the volume of
_ extracting specific types of raw materials and in the production of certain other
- materials. This may be achieved by means of enriching and increasing the concentra-
tion of the raw materials being extracted, by making their processing more thorough,
by the comprehensive utilization of all useful components, by means of raising the
quality of the materials and reducing their specific expenditure, improving machine
design, and utilizing cheaper materials.
Particulaxly significant are the reserves for economizing on material and energy re-
_ sources at enterprises where obsolete technology is in use and where physically
worn-out equipment is being utilized. At individual plants an over-expenditure of
rolled ferrous meta,ls is allowed because of the fact that in forging production a
large portion ~~f the items being made by the forge hamm~:?:s have a great possibility
for mechanical processing. Hence at such enterprises we must intensify the moderni-
zation of production, providing genuine savings in raw materials, other materials,
and energy, directing technical progress at ensuring resource-conserving, economi-
~ cal growth.
Economizing on energy resources which belong among those in shorter supply may also
be ensured by means of i.mproving the structure of the fuel-energy balance and by in-
creasing the scope of utilizing renewable energy sources (hydro, solar, wind~ geo-
- thermal).
Scientific and technical progress is the basis for the growth of production, labor
productivity, quality of output being produced, reducing material consumption, and
other indicators. Moreover, its acceleration depends in large measure on the use
of the mighty scientific and technical potential which has been created in this re-
public. The scientific-research organizations and major territorial scientific com-
- plexes located within the RSFSR employ approximately 70 / of all the country's sci-
entists; they carry out approximately two-thirds of the basic and applied research
and experimental-design work. In the RSFSR's industry three-fourths of all the
funds laid out for developing science and technology have been directed at introduc -
ing progressive technology, mechanization and automation of production. The annual
economic effect from promulgating these measures has increased from 1.7 billion zu-
bles in 1970 to 2.9 billion ru.bles in 1980. Every year sees the creation of 2,000--
2,500 new types of machines~ equipment~ apparatus, instruments~ and means of
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automation. At the same time about a thousand types of machines, equipment, instru-
ments and other items of obsolete design are taken out of production every year.
- With tl~e introduction of new equipment and technology into praduction the technical
extent of e~uipment on the production line has increased. At the beginning of 198].
- the republic's indusi;ry had 53,000 comprehensively mechanized and automated work-
shops~ sections, and production lines~ as well as 102~000 mechanized assembly- ar~d
automated lines. In 1980, as compared with 1970, the number of comprehensively
me~hanized and automated workshops, sections, and production lines grew by a fac-
tor of 2.1 and automated lines--by a factor of 1.8.
Technical progress is inextric~.bly tied up with improvement in output quality, with
the renewal of the assortment and the production of new and more improved items. At
the beginning of 1981 more than 48,000 items had earned the State Badge of Quality
- in the RSFSR's industry. The production of such output grew during the years of
the 10th Five-Year Plan by a factor of 3.1. There was an increase in the reli~.bili-
ty of machines and equipment, and a considerable expansion occurred in the pr.oduc-
tion of new output. T.hus, at enterprises of the Ministry of Instrument Making, Au-
tomation Equipment, and Control Systems, the Ministry of Power Machine Building,
and the Ministry of t~-~ Machine Tool and Tool Building Industry located on the ter-
ritory of the RSFSR, output developed during the lOth Five-Year Plan amounts to ~5--
48 while in that of the Ministry of Chemical and Petroleum Machine Building the
- corresponding figure is more than half. There has been a speed-up in the renewal
of output at enterprises turning out goods for the people. For example, in the
light and textile industry the proportion of newly developed output in 1980 amount-
ed to 35 as contrasted with 2~ f in 1971. Included among the newly developed
output were items of improved quality (with an index of "N"~ amounting to 26
Nevertheless, science could facilitate the development of the republic's economy to
a greater degree. In order to do this, it is important to improve its connections
with the production line, to sharply reduce the ti.me periods req,uired for implement-
- ing scientific developments, make more extensive use of such organizational forms
as scientific-production associations allowing a 2--3-fold reduction in the time pe-
riods required for creating new equipment, substantially raise the quality and im-
prove the technical-economic indicators of the output being produced. Great possi-
bilities are opening up in connection with the extensive introduction into practice
of planning program-targeted meth~ds which will allow us to conduct an integrated
scientiFic and technical policy~ as well as to combine and concentrate the resour-
ces and efforts of scientific-research, planning and design, and production
organizations.
The importance of scientific and technical progress will grow even more during the
11th Five-Year Plan in connection with the great tasks of developing material pro-
duction and the non-production sphere~ the accelerated growth of the economic po-
tential of the republic's eastern regions, alung with the necessity for the econo:-
mical utilization of material, labor~ and financial resources.
In the decree adopted in 1979 by the CPSU CC and the USSR Council of Ministers on
improving the econor~ic mechanism considerable space is devoted to the questions of
improving the planning an3 strengthening the influence of economic levers and~in-
centives on raising the effectiveness of production and work quality. At the
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- j~rc~errt ti?nc: the organizational and methodological work has been basically com-
pleted, and the main task consists in activating the introduction of the measures
which have been worked out to improve the economic mechanism. As a xule, positive
results are achieved where the implementation of ~he measures provided for are car-
ried out in a camprehensive manner and taking into consideration the specific opera-
ting conditions of the Anterprises. More than 2,000 industrial enterpr~.ses in this
republic are already planning production in accord.ance with the new system or indi-
cators. Their experience demonstrates that converting enterprises and associations
to the new uonditions has a positive effect on the growth of labor productivity, as
well as improving the work quality and the production efficiency.
During recent years quite a bit has been done to improve the mana.gement of the na-
tional economy and raise the level of administration. The transition is being made
to a two- and three-unit system of administration, based on the creation of indust-
rial and production associations. F~znctioning at the present time in the republic
are more than 2,000 production and scientific-production associations. The rights
and functions of ministries have been expanded. Practice has shown, however, that
sufficient work is not being carried out in all sectors on completing the formation
of production associations as -che cost-accounting units of industry. Hence, the
Basic Directions for the 11th Five-Year Plan have set forth the task of improving
the organizational structures and increasing the operational efficiency of the
production and i.ndustrial associations, based on further concentration, specializa-
tion, and cooperation. In construction we need to complete the development and im-
plementation ~f general schemes of administration~ develop a network of production
- construc�tion and installation associations comprehensively carrying out construc-
- tion and putting into operation capacities an3 ~rojects. In agriculture we must
continue working to improve state-cooperative, inter-kolkhoz, inter-sovkhoz, and
kolkhoz-sovkho~ associations and a.gro-industrial organizations.
_ II.
The emphasis on the intensive factors of economic growth allowed great successes to
be achieved in the 1970's in developing the sectors of material production. During
the decade just past there was a considerable growth in the republic's economic
might. Some 1,650 major state enterprises were put into operation as well as a
large number of workshops and sections. The volume of industrial output during
this period increased by 74.2 Sectors determining technical progress in the na-
tional economy developed at an outstripping pace: the production of electrical en-
gineering output increased by a factor of 1.8, that of the chemic~.l and petro-
chemical industry by a factor of 2.1, machine building and metal-working--by a fac-
tor of 2.5.
Further development was achieved in the production cf the most important types of
output of the basic sectors of industry. The extraction of petroleum on the terri-
tory of the RSFSR during the last 10 years has increased by a factor of 1.9, that
of natural gas--by a factor of 2.1~ that of mineral fertilizers--1.8, inclucling
the phosphorus fer~ilizers which are in the shortest supply--2.4. Calcined and
_ caustic soda were produced at a rate of almost 1.5 times as much, as we1.l as che-
mical fibers and threads; plastics and synthetic resins were inereasecl by a fac-
tor of 1.9. There has been a considerable increase in the production of motor
vehicles, electric-power and electrical-engineering equipment,~instruments, means
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of. automation and computer equipment, met31-cutting machine ~ools with numerical
program control, ~ractors and farm vehicles.
In accordance with the party's social program sectors turning out consumer goods
have undergone particulaxly rapid development in this republic. The pmduction of
consumer goods grew by 58 f during the years 197~--1980. There was a significant
increase in the production of fabrics~ garmentG, hosiery and knitted-wear items,
meat, sausage products~ whole-milk output, canned gcods, confect=oriery items, etc.
- A substantial contribution to satisfying the public'G demand for goods is being
made by heavy industry~ which accounts for three-fouztihs of the every~day items of
economic necessity being produced in the republic. During the last deca.d.e alone
production of these items increased by a factor of 2.2.
An important characteristic of the present-day stage of industry is the extensive
utilization in production of the achievements of the scientific and technical revo-
lution. There has been a great deal of expansion in the use of highly mechanized
complexes for extracting coal and other solid minerals, including heavy-duty equip-
- ment for working deposits by the open-pit method. In electric-power engineering,
ferrous a,nd non-ferrous metallurgy~ chemical, petro-chemical, and other branches of .
industry a significant increase in the unit capacity of machines.and units has been
achieved; this ensures a considerable increase in labor productivity, as well as a
reduction in specific capital investments and metal consumption. Thus, in order to
produce ammonia, units c�rith a capacity of 450,000 t per year have been and are be-
ing put into operation, and to produce sulfuric acid--units with a capacity of
3~--~50,000 t per year. These units allow us, in comparison with those now in
operation, to increase law;r prociuctivity by a factor of 4.5, to significantly lo-
wer production costs and specific capital investments. ~
In tY~e light and textile industries re-tooling of enterprises is being carried out
on the basis of introducing highly productive, pneumo-mechanical, rotary and self-
twisting spinning machines~ shuttl~-less looms, comprehensively mechanized and au-
tomated lines, as well as continuous technological processes for finishing fabrics
and knitted goods and for ma.king non-woven materials.
A great deal of work has been conducted on the further geological study of inter-
nal resources, especially in the northern and northeastern regions. A significant
increase has been ensured in the known reserves of practical.ly all types of mine=
- rals, and a remarkable contribution has been ma.d.e to strengthening the country's
mineral and raw-material base.
The 1970's witnessed the consistent implementation of the program planned by the
party for creating large-scale territorial-production complexes~ primaxily in Si-
beria and the Far East. These complexes organically combine the tasks of ratio-
nally dist.ributing production forces, the most feasible utilization of natural re-
sources, and the creation of favorable conditions for people's work and everyday
life. During the lOth Five-Year Plan the territorial complexes provided all the
support for extracting petroleum~ natural gas~.iron ore, as well as a significant
portion of the increase in developing electric power and the production of trucks.
Also successfully caxried out were the decisions of the 24th and 25th party con-
gresses on formin~ in Western Siberia an extremely large oil and gas complex--the
country's principal base for extracting oil and gas. During the decade just past
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the extraction of petroleum in the region increased 10-fold, and that of natural gas
--almost 17-fold. Every second ton of petroleum and evary third cu m of natural gas
extracted throughout the country as a whole are now accounted for by Western Sibe:-
ria. Capacities are also growing rapidly here with respect to developing electric
power and processing secondaxy petroleum gas, along with the length of main pipe-
lines. Measures are being carried out to create a large-scale fuel and energy com-
_ plex, based on the coals of tl~e Kansko-Achinsk Basin. Development is continuirg on
the Sayansk Territorial-Production Complex, and construction is nearing completion
_ on the Ust'-Ilimsk Lumbering Complex. Work has begun on developing the r.atural re-
sources in the zone of the Baykal-Amur Railroad Main Line, including the Yuzhno-
Yakutsk Coal Basin.
The 26th party congress has set large, responsible tasks for industry. During the
11th Five-Year Plan the republic's industrial workers must ensure fuller satisfac-
tion of the national economy's needs for means of production and the population's
needs for consumer goods by means of intensifying production, improving output, by
extensive utilization of the achievements of scientific and technical progress. It
is intended to increase the volume of industrial output by 24--27 / with a simulta-
neous improvement in production structure, a guarantee of balancA between the ex-
tracting and the processing sectors, a speed-up of production output determining
technical progress in the national economy.
Particular attention will be devoted to developing sectors of the fuel and energy
complex, primarily in the regions of Western Siberia. It is planned to increase
the development of electric power by 18 / and the extraction of natural gas by a
factor of 2.1. It is planned to ensure~ to the maximum degree possible, the re-
placement of petroleum by other types of fuel and energy, and to broaden the utili-
zation of secondary petroleum gas.
- Great importance is being accorded to the development of nuclear electric power en-
gineering, especially in the republic's European section. Capacities will be intro-
duced at the Balakovskaya, Kalininskaya, Kurs':aya, and S:molenskaya AES's, while con-
struction :rill begin on stations operating on nuclear ft:el for supplying heat. The
producti~n of electric power at nuclear power plants will more than double.
The principal thrust of ferrous metallurgy's development during the 11th Five-Year
Pian will be to improve the quality of inetal output and to expand its assortiment in
order to maximize savings on metal within the national economy. It is planned to
develop the out ut of approximately 500 new shapes of rolled metal and more than
200 new types ~randsJ of steels and alloys. The production structure of steel
- will be changed. The proportion of its smelting in conver~ers will grow from 31 to
36 and in electric furnaces--from 10 to 15
Provisions have been made to further increase the production of mineral fertilizers
and chemical means for protecting plants, improving the quality and expanding the
assortment of chemical fibers a.nd threads for a fuller satisfaction of light indus-
try's needs. In the lumbering, pulp-and-paper, and wood-processing industry provi-
sions have been made for the intensive development of production involving the che-
mical and mechanical processing of wood, as well as increasing the utilization of
deciduous and low-grade coniferous timber and waste products for producing finished
~ goods.
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The volume of output of machine building and metalworking will grow by 37 ~ during
the 11th Five-Year Plan. There will be a substantial incrzase a_n the production of
electrical engin.eer~ng equipment, including that for nuclear electric power sta�-~
tions, equipment fo~~ metallurgical, chemical and petrochemical, and mining sectors
of industry, highly productive machinery for the over-all mechanzzation of opera-
ticns in construction, lumbering, and the peat industry, the building-materials in-
dustry, and municipal services. In order to cut dawn on the use of manual labor,
provisions are being made to develop new capacities for manufacturing means of ine-
chanizing hoistin~-and-transport, lo;~.3ing-and-unloading ~freight-handlin~, and
waxehouse operati.ons.
There will be an increase by a factor of 1.3--1.6 in the productivity of inetaJ.�-
cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machinery, casting and wood-processing
equipment. The production of sets of inetal-working eq,uipment suppl.ied with automa-
tic m~.nipulators will be developed at an accelerated pace, and thez�e will be a
significant increase in the output of inetal-working machine tools with numerical-
ly programmed control.
Enterprises en~~;aged in making farm machinery must set up the production of more pro-
ductive grain-harvesting combines, includin~ those with increased vehicle mobili-~y
for the nPeds of the RSFSR's Non~-�Chernozem Zone. The manufacture of many types oF
net-*.machinery and equipment is being organized for sheep~raisingf l~.vestock ~reed-
ing, and fodder pro3uc~ion.
The clecisions of the 26th party congress emphasize particularly that increasing the
production and improving the quality of go~ds for the population mus~ be considered
a top-priority task for all sectors of industry, entex~rises, and organizations, as
well as an object for particular care by paxty, Soviet~ economic ox~ans~ and tra.de
unions. In connection with this, provisions have been made in the 11th Five-Year
Plan for a more rapid pace in the growth of output by the industrial sectors o.f
Group B, as compared with those of Group A.
Particular attention will be paid to increasing the output of high-quality goods
_ wh~ch are in greater demand, primarily various types of cotton, woolen, and silk
fabrics and the clothing made out of them~ underwear, and outer knitted-wear, ho-
siery items, footweax, fur head~ear, and childsen's items.
The volume of output by the food-industry sectors is intended to be increased by a
factor of more than 1.2. Emphasis will be laid on speeding up the output of semi-
~ finished goods, culinary items, potato products, fresh-frozen fruits and vegeta~
bles, children's and dietetic products. Increasing the output of food, meat~ and
dairy products must be achieved by means of considerably increasing comprehensive
processin~ and improving the use of agricultural ~aw materials~ the introduction of
wast~less technology, and the reduction of the expenditure of food products for
technical purposes. ~
A sub:~~tantial reserve for increasing nutritional products~ moreover~ those of a
high quality, is further development of the fishing industry. In accordance with
the Basic Directions it is intended to significantly increase productivity by de-
veloping at an accelerating rate the production of fish in ponds, parks, lakes, and
other bodies of water by means of utilizing the waters from thermal electric power
stations.
18
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030044-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500030044-5
- H'OR OFFI(`'IAI, USF: nN1.Y

_~7
Large-scale tasks on fur.ther increasing the production of consumer goods, expanding
their assortment and improving their quality confront local industry. The emphasis
here will be placed on increasing the output of goods, particularly by means of uti-
living prc~duction wastes and local mineral, vegetable, and livestock material. There
are possibilities for this in every oblast~ kray, and autonomous republic, but they
are not being used to a sufficient extent. Taking into consideration i;he importance
of this problem, the RSFSR Council of Ministers adopted a decree in which tasks have
been established for the RSFSR ministries and departments as well as the Councils of
Ministers of the zutonomous republics and the ispolkoms of the local Councils with
' regard to producing consumer goods, building materials, and other items made of lo-
cal raw materials and production waste products, bringing the volume of their out-
put up to 750 million rubles by the end of the five-year plan.
We must also significantly increase the output of everyday and household goods in tne
heavy industrial sectors. The reserves here axe great. At a number of heavy indus-
- trial enterprises the production of goods for the population is still developing too
slowly; thei.r output is conducted in small voltunes and in an insufficient assortment.
At ferrous metallurgical enterprises during the lOth Five-Year Plan the production
of consumer goods increased by only 16 f instead of the 38 ~ set by the plan; their
proportion in the total volume of output does not exceed 1.1 The plants of the
Ministry of the Electrical Equipment Industry increased their output of goods by
28 f, and those of t~e Ministry of Machine Building for Light and Food Industry and
_ Household Appliances--by 32.7 in contrast with the respective figures of 56 % and
62 f, as set by the ~?~an. Nor is sufficient attention being paid to the ma.rlttf