JPRS ID: 10304 USSR REPORT HUMAN RESOURCES

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• Sequence Number: 13
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10304
4 February 1982
USSR Re ort
p
- HU?MAN RESOURCES
(FOUO 2/82)
F~IS FORElGN BROADCAST IRFORMATION SERVICE
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,
JPRS L/10304
4 February 1982
USSR REPORT
NUMAN RESOURCES
' (FOUO 2/s 2 )
CONTENTS
LABOR
Uzbek Labor Prableme end Proapecta
- (G. A. Shiater; ISTORIYA SSSR, Nov-Dec 81) 1
DEMOGRAPHY
Development of Cities in Oil, Gas Regions in West
Siberian Plain
(GOROD V SIBIRI, 1980) 21
- a - [III - USSR - 38c FOUO]
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LABOR
UZBEK LAI;OK PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Moscow ISTORIYA SSSR in Russian No 6, Nov-Dec 81 pp 26-40
[Article by G. A. Shister: "Sources for the Replentsh~nent of Uzbekistan's Working
Class During the Stage of Developed Socialism")
. [Text] Among the basic direct~ons in the development uf sucial sciences during the
present stage, the 26th CPSU Congress placed researc.h oii the processes, which are
taking place in the social structure of Soviet soci~_ty, in one of the first places.
- The scientific analysis of replenishment sources for the working class occupies an
important place in the study of this problem.
~ A number of works, devoted to labor resource prnhl.ems and the reproducticn of man-
power in which this su~~ect is touched upon~ ~aere published in Uzbekistan during the
Sixties and Seventies. However~ questions an ways to more rationally use the
sources for replet~ishing the workiiig clast~ in the republic have still not received
the necessary treatment.
The goal of analyzing the activity of the republic's party, soviet and economic
orgai~s in solving this problem has been assigned in the article. This will permit
more attention to be attracted to it and cocitribute the dissemj.nation of the
experience wY~ich has heen accumulated in regiona having an analogous demographi.c
situation.
* * *
~ The ratio of working class replenish,-nent sources is determined primarily by the
social structure of Soviet society and by those changes which are taking place in it.
During Che stage of mature socialism, the tendency toward t.he rapid coming together
of classes acid social groups and progressive eradication uf the differences between
tl~em is ttie leading one. L. I. Brezlinev declared in the report of the CPSU Ceritral
Committee to the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: "Uur
gual is t}~e creation of a society ln which there will not be a division of people
irito classes. And it is possible to s~y definitely: We are gradually but confi-
dently muving toward this great goal."
The movenient of the Soviet people Lowards social uniformity, which is deEermined by
the cousistent policy of the party and state concerning the internationalization of
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~he cotinLry~s econumic, social and political life, is shown also in t.he growing
rappruchement of the nations and nationalities in their social structure. This is
reflected primarily in the increase in ttie propor~tior of republic working class
detaclunents. In 1959, workers were 39.2 percent of the employed population in
Uzbekistan;, in 1970 45.7 percent; and in 1979 (based on Central Statistical
DirectoraLe data) 52.9 percent.
Workinb class repleni5hment sources are identical for all the country, but their
ratio and use are conditioned a great deal by a republic`s specialization within
the all-union division of labor. This specialization is planned by the union
- goverument dependiiig oi~ natural conditiuns and material and labor resources. They
are determined by the setllement conditions which took shape historical3.y, by the
naturt of migration proct.sses~ by national traditions, etc. The fact tl~at the
development of industry took place and is taking place where there is a significant
~redumina~ice in the population of rural area inhabitants who are oriented on
workirig in the agrarian sector of the econom~ and i;~ the branches associated with
it, is a peculiarity of the Central Asian region, including Uzbekistan. Large
natural increases and an extremely low outflow of representatives o.f the indigenous
_ nationalities beyond the limits of their republic, which is conditioned by ethnic
features and national traditions, are typical of this region.
The working class itself is the main source for rep].en3shing it. K. Marx wroLe
that "the most progressive workers are fully aware that the future of their class
and consequ~ntly of mankind entirely depends un the upbringing of the rising
gereration" . The Communist Party is displaying tireless concern for the replenish-
ment of the leading class in socialist society with its sons and daughters.
_ As the works of Soviet sociologists show~ the children of worker families provided
a large part of the working class rep].acements during the Sixties and Seventies.
Thus, in the Len~ngrad machine Uuildir~g industry, the~r reached 56 percent of a]~1
those questioi~ed ; in the Mosco~, .egion 77 percent ; in Baohkiriya 58.1 ;
and in Uzbekistan , 51.3 percent (1971) in the Chirchikskiy Electrochemical Combine,
~the Tashkent El.ectronic Equipment Plant, and in the "Tashtekstil'mash" Plant.
~ The mentioned conformity to law has an objective nature. However, a subjective
- factor plays a large role in it. A great deal of work is being done in Uzbekistan
under the leadersl~ip of the party organization to increase the portion of hereditary
workers in the overall number of industrial personnel. Party, trade union and
Komsomol organizations are indoctrinating the rising generation in revolutiona.ry
and work traditioiis. Museums and roome of fame, in which rich material on worker
houses is presented, are being established in enterprises. Documents on workers~
whose fatliers took part in carrying otit the socialist revolution in Uzbekistan,
are on exhibit in the Museum of Military and Work Glory in the Plant imeni
Oktyabr'skaya revolyutsiya. ~
Among the famous worker houses of the republic, one cannot fail to mention ehe Os'kin
farni.ly (Tashkentskoye Aviation Production Aesociation) whuse ancestors~- M,ikhai.l
IJikolayevich, and his wife, Kla~diya Vasil'yevna gave 60 years to their native plant
~~nd l~rought five cliildren to it ; the Nuritdinov family of inettalurgists who are
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working in the rolling workshop of the Uzbek MettallurgicalPlant i.meni V. I. Lenin
for tt~e third decade, the senior member of the family Said, a Hero of
Soc.ialist Lahor for more than 30 years; the Val'kov family who have worked in
one of th~ machine buildfng plants of Uzbekistan's capital in toto for more tl~an
100 years ; and the Ikramovs from the Namanganskiy [avrov] Cloth Combine
imeni 25th CPSU Congress, tt~e "oldest" worker dynas~~ in the republic the total
length of itG work activity is more than 250 years.
Investigations which tiave be~n conducted by us in a number of Uzbekistan's
e~iterprises, testify that many of their workers are second and even third gen-
erations of worker dynasties. In the Chirchiks'.ciy Electrochemical Combine, the
- parents or close relatives of 18 percent of those questioned in 1961 and of 23
Pcrcent ir. 1971 had worked there. In the "Tashtekstil'mash" Plan~, t}~e parents of
23 percent of the workers had worked in the plant according to a 1971 investigation
(some had worked there from the day of its founding or had been evacuaCed wit~
the plant during tt~e Great Patriotic War).
It is necessary to point out that statistics do not give exhaustive inform3tion
on working class replenishment sources; however, information from specifi::
sociological research in ttie republic's industrial enterprises confirms th~
concl.usion that rhe role of tre working class as a source for forming i.ts own
repl.acements is growing in Uzbekistan ~ust as throughout the entire country, and,
cor~sequentl~i the absolute number and proportion af Y;ereditary wc:rkers are
increasing.
The kolkhoz peasantry r.ontinued to be one of the major sources for replenishing
the working class during the Sixties and Seventies. However, as is pointed out
in the l~tl-erature, its share gradually decreased on the whole throughout the
~ countr.y. By the Seventies, the oppor~unities for drawing kolkhoz workers
- into the ranks of the working class had practically been exhausted in many areas
of the counr.ry in connection with the rapid urbanization rates. Whereas the
USSR rural population decreased by 3.1 million individuals duri.ng the period
- between the 1S59 3nd 1970 Ail-Uni.on Population Census, it decreased by 6.9
~ mi.lliot~ individuals between 1970 a.nd 1979. In nine years, the overall numt~er of.
rural. people decreased by 6.5 po~t~ts at a time when the urban population share
increased from 56 to 62 percent.
The m~ntioned tendency does not operate with equal force in all regions of the
= country. Based on the degree of dPCrease criterion, the most urbanized r.epub].ics
- of: the Soviet Union now are: The Estonian SSR (70 percent), the RSFSR (69 percent),
ti~e I.atvian SSR (68 percent) , the Armenian SSR (66 percent) , Tt~e Ukiai.nian SSR
(Cl percent), tile Lithuanian SSR (61 percent), the Belorussian SSR (55 percen~}
- and tt~e Kazakh SSR (54 percent).
k~~wever, in tl~e republics of the Central Asian region where with the e~~eption
~~f Tajikistan the proportion of the rural populaticn also had a tAndency to
decrease, the absolute number of the rurual population grew in Kirghizia by '8
percent, in irr.bekistan by L1 percent, an~141n Turkmenia by 28 percent during the
period between the 1970 and 1979 census. The highesl gro~r~h in rut~a]_ population
was observed in Tajikistan (36 percent) during this period.
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'1'hus, in coiitrast to a number of the country's central rayons, the rural population,
including the kolkhoz peasantry, has large potential opportunities available in
Uzbekistan, just as in the other Central Asian republics, not only for its own
rep rod ~tion but also for replenishirig the working class.
When evaluating tiie labor resources of Uzbekistan and the opportunities for re-
distributing a portion of the able-bo3ied population from agricultural production
to industry, planning organs proceed from the fact that the population is distribut-
ed extremely unevenlj~ over the republic's territory. In this connection, some
rayons aiid oblasts have experience~ a shortage in manpower; others a surplus
in it. On 1 January 1980, the population density in Uzbekistan reached 35.2
individuals per one square kilometer. However, whereas it was equal only to 5.6
individuals in the Karakalpakskaya ASSR, 9.0 in Bukharskaya OUlast, 25.7 in
Dzhizakskaya ~blast, and 4U.7 in Kashkadar'inskaya Oblast; it was 328.5 individuals
in Andizt~anskaya Oblast, 244.1 in ~~rganskaya Oblast, 233.6 in Khorezmskaya Oblast,
and 143.0 in Namanganskaya Oblast. The populatfon density continues to grow in
a number of overpopulated oblasts. From 1970 to 1980 alone, it increased by 76.4
individuals in Andizhanskaya Oblast, by 56.5 in Ferganskaya Oblast, and by 35.8 in
Namanganskaya Oblast. .
In these oblasts, the size of sown areas for each worker employed in agricul[ure
is decreasing more and more sharply. This is having a negative effect on the
op~:ortunities for using existing labor resources on the kolkhozes, and consequent-
ly~ on increasing labor productivity.
Eatimates of the UzSSR State Committee for Labor show that scientific and tecY~nical
progress and the growth of labor productivity~ which has been achieved based on it,
are leading especially in agriculture [o the Ereeing of workers and making
the redistribution of a portion of the labor reso~~ces in branch and territorial
sections possible and at the same time necessary. In 1970, 29 percent of the
total number of Uzbekistan's able-bodied kolkhoz workers could have been freed.
_ During subsequent years, the percent of workers kept above the required number
became even higher on the republic's cotton growing kolkhozes.
The study of the nature of migration processes and the distribution and use of
labor resources in 1lzbekistan Ieads many reaearchers to conclu~F that the needs
of industry for working cadres cannot be satisfie3 by the move of ~he republic's
siirplus rural population to the cities. In carrying ~ut the CPSU's policy te
equalize the economic levels of the republics and in considering the specifics of
migration, ti~e low mobility of the rural especially the indi~enous population
_ and the Yiigh prosperity of a number of rural regions in labor resources, the
Cc~mmunist I'arty of Uzbekistan is carrying out a broad system of ineasures to indust-
rialize the republic's small and medium cities and rural rayons. In doing this,
the parcy procee~3s from the fact that the aiting of industrial installations in
agrarian type rayons and the drawing of the rural population into the ranks of.
the working class will contribute to changing the people's way of life and their
sociai and psychological constitution.
The creation uf industrial installations in sma~l and medium cities and in rural
- areas does not always mean the construction ther.e of new independent enterprises;
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as a rule, they ~re branct~es of plants, factories and large industrial associations
or their shops which pruduce parts. The economic effectiveness of the creation of
' these installations does not evoke any doubts. Their opening does nat require
large capital investments. Tlie plants themselves, when they have transferred
the output of individual units and components to the branches, receive an opport-
= unity to concentrate their efforts on the more important tasks. In addition, the
creation of thesQ small enterprises is not coiinected with the muve of workers,
large scale housi.ng constructiun, etc. F. Engels wrote: in order that people,
who t~ave been ou~;ted from agriculture, not be left without work ur forced to
cruwd In~~ cities, it is necessary to employ them in industXial work ~n the village
itself."
The policy of improving the planning oi siting productive fc~rces and the construct-
ion of industrial installations in small cities and urban settlements was reflected
in thc decision~ of the 16th (1961), 17th (1966) and 18th (t971) Congresses of
tht~ Uzbek Ccmmunist Party. ~
Speaking at the 19th Congress of the Communist Part~ of Uzbekistan (1976), Sh. R.
Rashidov pointed out that, within the system of ineasures which have been carried
out by the Uzbek Communist Party for the development of productive forces, the
equalizin~ of the ec~nomic development level of the oblasts and the industrializa-
tion of rural rayons and small cities have had large social significance. It is
necessary to follow this line in the future. The erection of enterprises in
the village will permit a working class to be formed t~~re and prod~ctive forces
to be developed in a more planned and rational manner.
, It is necessary to point out that the work performed in Uzbekistan to industrialize
agrarian rayons and small cities contributes to the policy of limiting the growth
of large cities and to the development of the economic structure uf prospective
small and medium cities.
Akharl~aran is or~e of the new industrial centers which arose during the years of the
8th and ?th Five-Year Plans in Uzbekistan. A cement combine, a ferro-�c~ncrete
item platit, the "Santekhlit" Plant~ and the "Stroyplastmass" Combine were buil_t
here. The urban settlement grew with new housing and social and personal servi.ces
enterpri.ses. Akhangaran became a ray~~ center in 1971, and was converted to a
city of oblast subordination i.n 197G.
The development palh of =;nother city in Tastikentskaya Oblast, Narimanov tl~e
- f.ormf-r Bektr~mir., i.s si~nilar. Its industrial appearance r,ook shape duri.ng the
~ years of the 9th 1~1ve-Ycar Plan. A total of 50 industri~l enterprises 3nd con-
structl.~n, mc>tor transpor.t and other organi.zations and establishments were operating
hecc~ in 197G. The num}~~~r ~+f enterprises douhled in comparison with 1970; and
~he volume of pr~~cl~~cts E~~ ~ciuccd, which number more than 20 Cypes of different
i_ndusti-ial items (rnetr3l_ ,~rructurc~, reinfurced concrete, eLc.) tri.pl~d, Housing
~issets (].e55 indivi.dua~. hc,~~~,~ s) ~~~xceeded 100, 000 square meters; and sc~}~iocrls, pre-
sc:}~o~~l. estaLllslur.en~s, hos~~.tals, dispensari.es~ etc. are being bui].t.
Tn a~cordr3nce with "'~'hc ~~~r;ic Uir.eckions for thc Developmen[ of the USSR National
Lcon~~my for. ]976-19~3Q" w~~ic}i was adopted by the 25[i~ CPSU Congress, even more
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yuhsrantic~l cf~an~es for the better in the siting of productive forces in Utbekistan
cook place during the lOth Five-Year Plan. As was pointed out during the 20th
Cungress of tne Coimuunist Party of Uzbekistan (1981), the Central Commi~tee of
~he Canununist Party and the government o,f the republic did not disregard a single
valuable initiative aimed at giving a new and vital impulse to small cities,
_ settlements and rayon centers. During the lOth Five-Year Plan, 290 branches and 22
workshops, in which almost 30,000 people were employed, were created in Uz~ekistan.
Significant successes have been achieved i.n Andizhanskaya Oblast. During the
years o~ the lOth Five-Year Pla~., 60 enterprises, branches and workshops were put
into operation in various rayons of the oblast. The comn?issioning of the first
section of the Andizhaiiskiy Cotton Combine a year ahead of schedule was a great
victory for the oblast's working class' party organization. Five of its branches,
two of which were put into operat~~on by the opening day of the 26th CPSU Congress,
are l;cirig erected in the oblast.
Tht~re were, all told, three industrial enterprises on the territory of unploughed
D~hirakskaya Oblast in the early 1960's. They became more than 60 d~iring the lOth Five-
Year Plan, Alkaline battery plants; a carpet combine; a lead-cement mine; a factory for
~bcaining wollastonite concentrate; and food industry, cotton processing, construct
ion industry, transp~~t~ and communicaticns enterprises were built at the new
tecnnological level. Similar examples can be cited for other oblasts.
_ Fo~itive cha?iges for the better in the distribution of industrial production
personnel. occurred as a result of the carrying out of the party's policy on improv-
ing the siting of productive forces in the republic.
FeLore the bebinning of the Seventies, the main mass of iridustrial wor.kers was
concentrated in the larger indu~trial centers. Thus, in 1970, 54% of all its
znd~istrial production personnel were concentrated in Tast~~kentskaya Oblast
(including Tashkent), where 21 percent of Che UzSSR population lived. At the time,
industrial production personnel were only 7.5 percent of the total number in
Syrdar'inskaya, Kashkadar'inskaya~ Surkhandar'inskaya, and ghorezmskaya Oblasts
which t~ad a 22.6 percent share uf Uzbekistan's population.25
Un 1 Jant,ary 1978, 23.5 percent of the republic's entire population [sic] 2.5
points in comparison with 1970) lived in Tashkentaskaya Oblast (inclr~ding the city
of Tashke.nt); however, the praportion of industri~~ production personnel tlad
decreased by 6.2 points and stoo~i at 47.8 percent. During this same time,
in the f.our compared oblasts (althougti the number of people here decreased from
22.6 to 20.4 per~ent), ~he proportigc~ of industrial pruduction personnel grew by
2.1 points and reached 9.6 percent.
Durliig tlie Sixties and Seventies, the proportion of workers and empZoyees in
inciustry located ia rural areas almost doubled thanks to the successful work of
Uzbekistan's party organization in industrializing agrarian rayons and in d-rawing
rur~i] intiabitants into itidustry;
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Table 1. Dyn~imics of the Proportion of Uzbekistan's Workers
and Employees During the Period 1960 - 1970
1960 1970 1975 1977 ~
In urban settlements 92.6 87.8 87.5 86.7
In rural areas 7.~ 12.2 12.5 13.3
Despite the fact that the number of icidustrial workers is growing from year to
year due to the flow of rural inhabitants, this manpower reserve is not only not
decreasing but, on tha contrary, is increasing in connection with r_he high natuial
increase. Based on forecasts for 1990. the number of people in the republic will
reach 22 millipn in~ividuals. Tris will require even greater efforts to2~ncrease
the number of work sites and expand the training of qualified personnel.
A resolution of the 20th Congcess of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan points out
the special ~~portance of creating branches of enterprises in small cities and
rural areas. It is planned to open 450-500 c~~ them, iTicluding on kolkhozes
and sovkhozes, during the llth Five-Year Pian.
However~ it would be a mistake to think that the etziving for a more rational
siting of industrial enterpriaes is not running into serious problems. One cannot
fail to note that the textile combir~es wr~ich have been constructed in Andiztian and
Namang~n have not worked at full capacity for a long time because of a shortage of
manpower at a time when there are considerable reserves of able-bodied people
in these cities. The opening of even small installations and workshop bz~anches
requires the creation of an infrastructure servicing production the construct-
ion of schools, children's institutions and medical facilities, the organizati.an of
transport and cotnmunications, etc. The solution of these ta~l~s does not alwa~s
keep step with the erection of the industrial installations.
The training of qualified personnel ie also an important and complicated problem.
In contrast to many of the country's central rayons where kolkhozes are experienc-
ing a critical shortage of manpower in connection with the flow of rural youth to
the cities, the redistribution of kolkhoz youth to industry and other branches of
the national economy has taken place at slow tempoa in Uzbekistan. For example,
in ]968, 36 percent of the total number of able-bodied youth and juveniles ~Layed
- ta work on the kolkhozes and in 1970 43 percent. This exceeded the number of
young people who went to factories and plants 1.9-fold. It is necessary to point
out that 68 percent of the juveniles up to 18 years of ~ge who arrived on the
kolk'nozes had a secondary educationf~omplete or in~omplete).
The situation chacige.d during subsequent years. In 1974-1975, of those who finished
the eighth and tenth grades in general educational schools, 60.2 percent of those
sent to the national economy were employed in agriculture. Graduates ~f rural
school eighth and tenth grades formed the main mass (97 percent).
'fhe replenishment of the republic's kolkhozes and sovkhozes with youth having a
secondary education undoubtedly incr2ases the cultural and technical level of
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agricultural workers; however, agricultural production is not in a condition at
the present time to provide all this mass of young men and girls with work wh~ch
corresponds to [he level of their training. This is not always taken~ into
consideration by public organizations. Cases are not infrequent wh~ere in places
with a large surplus in the rural population and a low migratory mobility, they
call upon the pupils to advance with an initiative of the type "as an entire
class to the native kolkhoz", 3~lthough there is not enough work for the
existing workers on that kolkhoz. These tendencies are also found in Uzbekistan.
Thus, a~ a positive example of the pupils' purposeful professional orientation~
the press told about the initiative of the Komsomol graduates in one of the
schuols of Paatdargomskiy Rayon of Sam~x~kandskaya Oblast who stayed as an entire
class to work on their nat~ve kolkhoz~ although i25,000 people (93 pe~~cent)
lived in rural areas and only 9~000 (7 percent) in cities in this rayon. In 1977,
more than 12,000 young men and women of Samarkandskaya Oblast in answer to an
initiative of their peers graduates of ~~hoools in Kostromskaya Oblast
� stayed to work in agricultural production. Meanwtiile, in Kostromskaya Oblast
with a population dEnsity of 13.3 people, the prnportion of the rural population
was only 37 percent on 1 January 1977 at a time when the population density in
Samarkandskaya Oblast was five-fold gre~~er (67.5 people) and 70 percent of the
entire population l~ved in rural areag.
The present conditions of the country's social. and economic development require
that the indoctrinationa~ work among youth,who live in the thickly populated
rural rayons of Uzbekistan, stir up the migratory m~bility of the young men and
women and contribute tu their professional and cultural growth and to an increase
in the proportion of industrial workers.
'The new policy for developing professional and technical education in the village~
- which contributes to strengthening migratory processes and social shifts, must
play an important role in the solution of this task. The Comm~unist Party of
Uzbekistan is orienting party organizations toward the creation of professional
training establishments in rural areas for the training not only of agricultural
personnel but also of construction and industrial cadres. The fol~owing fact
testifies tA the effectiveness of this way of solving the problem. In 1972, a
- branch of the Namanganskiy [avrov] Cloth Combine imeni th~e 25th CPSli Congress
with a capacity of more than 400,000 linear meters of [khantalas] and [bekasab]
a year was put into ~peration in Uchkurgan. Long before the opening o� the enter-
prise~ the party organization and board of directors were concerned about personnel.
Experienced workers were sent to the branch for their tr.aining; at the same time,
the graduation of a special professional technical institute levy was ar.-3nged on
~ branch basis. A total of 18C young men and girl~~from the Uchkurganskiy Rayon
underwent training and received work certificates. These measu~s2nsured the
normal and uninterrupted work of the shop from th~ very beginning.
A complete network of professionaltechnicalinstitut~s servicing the rural area
has already been created in the repubJ_i~. The "Navoiazot" Production AssocLation
has opened a GPTU [city profeseional technical institute~ on the Kolkhoz imeni
F, Engels in Gizhduvanskiy Raycn of Bukharskaya Oblast; and the oil workers
in the settlement of Kakaydy in Dzhark~~~ganskiy Rayon of Surkhandar'inskaya Oblast.
- Personnel are being trainecl in Leninakiy Rayon of Andizhanskaya Oblast for a branch
of the tractor plant. These professionaltechnical institutes are contributing to
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the s~lution of an import~nt social task tY?e training of rur.il youth iii urLnn
pro,ressions and the shift of surplus manpower from rural areas to~~he cities
where t~ie need ~or qualified specialists is continuously growing.
However, these measures are insu~ficient to solve tne problem completely. Accord-
ing to estimates of the Uzbek SS R Gesplan and the UzSSR Academy of Scier~ces, only
61.6 percent of all the workers trair~Ed in the republic (as opposed to 26.5 per-
cent in 1975) will have a professional technical education. In this connection,
The USSR Gosplan has pointed out that "along with the priority development of a
network of professional technical institutes in the republics of Central Asia and
the Transcaucasus~ it is also necessary to send the youth of these republics for
training in ot~~er regions of the country with the agreement of the interested
departments". One must send a larger number of youth (especially rural) to
the counr_ry's all-union leading construction pro~ects where they can acquire a
work profession and improve their qualifications.
Of course, the reorientation of a portion of the rural population, especially youth=
, to industrial types cf work must be built on a scientific foundation whi.ch is
based on the optimum age structure of those employed in agriculture. It is necess-
ar y to correlate *_he solution of this important social problem with the opening
up of new lands which is taking place in the republic and with the planned transfei
- of a portion of the f1Qw of Siberian rivers to the Aral Sea basin.
The training of industrial workers in the village has an important political
aspect it is actively contributing to a growth in the preparation of workers of
l.ocal nationality in the republic's working class.
Statistics testify that in TJz'~ekistan, ~ust as t'r.roughout all of Central Asia, the
indigenous population forzns the larger part of the inhabitar:ts in the rural areas
where significant reserves of manpower are concentrated. According to data frozri
the 1970 All-Union Population Census, Uzbeks were 95.5 percent in Samarkandskaya;
85.1 percent in Kashkadar'inskaya~~ 81.4 percent in Namanganskaya; and 80.2
percent in Andizhanskaya Oblasts.
t
The constr~ction of industrial ini.tallationsin oblasts with surplus labor resources
cotitributes not only to an equalization of the level of industrial development but
also to a more intensive drswing of persons of local nationality frum predominantly
singl.e nationality rural collectives into indt~stry and international woxker. collect-
ives. This process requires a great deal of attention from party, state and public
~ organizations. Questions. connected with it, have been repeatedly disctissed during
congresses of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan and plenwas of the republic's
Communist Yarty Central Committee. Appropriate decisiona have been strictly
i.mplemented by obl.ast, city and rayon party organizations and by the collecti.ves
of industrial enter~rises. All this has contributed to raj.sing the number. and~
~ proportion of workers of local nationality. '
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Ii;~SC~d uii