JPRS ID: 10259 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500020028-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 67
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 28
• Content Type: REPORTS

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' JPRS L/ 10259 -
18 January 1982
. Worldwide Re ort
p
NARCOTICS AND DANGERGUS DRUGS
- (FOUO ~/82)
_ Fg~~ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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~
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FOR GFFlCIAL ItSE ONL,Y
JPRS L/10259
18 January 1982
- WORLUWIDE REPORT
NARCOTICS AND DA~lGEROUS DRUGS
(FOUO 3/82)
CONTENTS
ASIA
THAILAND
Gen Prachuap Orders Ban on Chemicals to Norti?
(SIAM RAT, 11 Aug 81) 1
United States Said to Pressure Thailand on Narcotics
(BAN MUANG, 17, 18 Sep 81) 2
ONCB Chief: Narcotics Violators' Property To Be Seizeat
(B~.rr r~.laNC, 2 aug si> ~
Cooper.ation 41ith Burma Sought in Capture of Khun Sa
(SIAM R.~T, 18 Ai~g 81) 9
Buxma-Thai Trafficking Ring Broken in Chiang Rai
(DAa SIAM, 17 Aug 811 10
KMT 93rd Division Trafficking Role, Links With Kriangsak Reported
(Prach~.ap; S7AM RAT, 20 Aug 81) 11
Rewards Offered for Drug Kingpins
(MATICHON, 21 Aug 81) 15
Lao Arrested With Opium in Nakhon Phanom
(DAO SIAM, 1 Oct 81) 16
Drug Trafficking Problem on Southern Border Discu~sed
(Pan Bandua; SIAM RAT SAPPADA WICHAN, 20 Sep 81) 17
_ a _ [III - WW - 138 FOUO]
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~
CANADA
Survey Finds Use of LSD Soars in Ontario Schools
(Dorothy Lipovenko; THE GLOBE Aili MAIL, 9 Dec 81)............ 19
Most Provinces Cppose Softening of Drug La.ws
(THE GLOBE AND MAIL, 9 Dec 81) 20
Drug Seizure Called Largest in Windsor
(1HE WINDSOR STAR, 24 Nov 81) 21
- Briefs
Drugs Seized in Police Raids 22
Ma~or Drug Raid 22
LATIN AMERICA
COLOMBIA
Briefs
_ Cocaine Laboratory I7iscovered 23
Drug Confiscation 23
Drug Trafficker._s Arrest 23
PERU
- Briefs
Cocaine Base Seizure 24
Drug Trafficker Band Utsman.tled 24
- Cocaine Dispatched by Mail 2'
VEI~E ZUELA
~ Briefs
Cocaine Arrest 25
WEST EURiOPE
- DENMARK
NoYway, Swe3en Demand Denmark Tighten Drug Control
(Jorn BXandt; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 8 Nov S1) 26
Presau~e From Norway, Sweden May Force Stronger Drug Law
(DAGENS NYHETER, 6 Dec 81) 29
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FOR OFFICIAL il ~F. ONI.Y
FINLAND
Ibmestic Drug Problem Compared to Other Nordic Countries
(I~a Stenback; HELSINGIN SANOMAT, 17 Nov 81) ~0
New Prescription Law To Control Narcotics in Effect
(Jaakko Lehtinen; LTITSI SUOMC, 17 Nov 81) . . . . . . . . 38
' FRANCE
- Briefs
Drug Seizure 41
NE THE RL ANDS
Methadone nistribution i~ l~asterdam Viewed
(Lotta. Schullerqviat; DAGENS NYHETER, 4 Dec 8~.) . 42
NORWAY
Customs Service Reports Big Increase in Drug Seizures
(Jarit Jahreie; ARBEIDERBLADET, 21 Nov 81) 45
- Storting Approves Measures To Combat Narcotics
(AFTENPOSTEN, 24 Nov 81) 47
Three Arrested in Hashish Smuggling Case
(AFTENPOSTEN, 26 Nov 81) 48
S~JEDEN
Cus~oma Adminiatration Wants Computera for D~ugs Control
(Sune Olofson; SVENSKA DAGBLADET, 30 Nov 81) 50
Successful ~olice Offensive Against Puehers To Continue
(Per-Erik Lagerqvist; SVENSKA DAGBLADET, 4 Dec $1) . 52
~ International Gang groken; Smuggled Heroin, Hashish
(Leif Dahlin; DAGENS NYHETEF., 8 Dec 81) 54
_ lhirteen Indians Accused of Smuggling Hashish
(DAGENS NYHE TER, 4 Dec 81) 58'
Methadone Test Likely To Continue Auother ~ree Years
(Lotta Schullerqvist; DAGENS NYHETER, 11 Dec 81) 59
Briefs
Prison Drug Raid 61
UNITED KINGDOM
Briefs
Recard Heroin. Haul 52
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7HAILAND
GEN PRACHUAP ORDERS BAN ON CHEMYCALS TO NORTH
Bangkok SIAM RAT in Thai 11 Aug 81 p 5
[Article: "Prachuap Orders Strict Ban On Sending Chemicals Used
to Produce Heroin to the N~rth~']
~Text] Prachuap has ordered that the smuggling of chemical~ u~ed
in producing heroin to the north resolutely be prevented. He
pointed out that this measurz will reduce the amount of heroin.
Police Major General Phao Sarasin, the ~ecretary-generai of the
Office of the Narcotics Control Board, has revealed that Generai
_ Prachuap Suntharangkun, the deputy pri.me minister, has, in his
- capacity as president of the Narcotics Control Board, ordered
that particularly strict measures be taken to prevent drugs used
to produce heroin, such as acetic anhydridey from being sent to
the aorthern nrovinces, where they can be smuggied to p3aces that
- prodL~.ce heroin. He has also asked for cooperation from the
govcrnors of Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces and asked that
they implement measures to intercept such chemicais. It may be
necessary to set up checkpoints to keep chemicals from entering
these two provinces. If th~se measures sucseed, this wili stop
the ~roduction of heroin.
The secretary-general of the ONCB stated that, concernin~ this
problem of chemical.s that are used to produce heroin, in addition
to preventing the smuggling or sending [of chemicals] to the north
to produce heroin, we will c~operate with Malaysia in suppression
activities because, in reality, these chemicals are brought in
- across the Thai-Malaysian border. This resulted from discussions
between the two cour~tries. At present, Malaysia does not have a
control law on cYier~icals used to produce heroin but they are
considering making such a contr~l law~ Thus, it is hoped that when
Malaysia has a con+~rol 1aw on chemicals like we do, control
- activities will achieve better results.
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~iAILAN D
UNIT~D STATES . SAID TO PRESSURE ~~AII.AND ON NARCOTICS
BangKOk BAN MUANG in Thai 17, 18 Sep 81
[Ta Mo Lo ~olumns "Opium Suppression Operatio;~s Never Ending
Operations~~~
-
[17 Sep 8I, p 5]
[Text] There have been reports that the United States is putting
g;eat pressure on Thailand concerning the narcotics problem,
especially in the notorious Golden Triangle area.
Thailand must achieve some visible results in return for the
161 million baht that the United States has provided to help
~ suppress narcotics.
The United States wants Thailand to go in and clear the Golden
Triangle area by completely destroyxng all the poppy fields since,
~ this year, opium produ~tion in the G olden Triangle will increase. It
is estimatecl that the yieid will reach 600 tons this year and,
most certainly, most of this will end up in the United States.
The United States wants to prevent this at all costs and so it
has been willing Lo give 161 million baht to induce Thailand to
intercept th2 drugs and not allow them to lesve the Golden
Triangle.
T11e Unxted atates fe~ls that 161 million baht is a large sum of
money. But at most it can be used to destroy 1,610 rai of poppy. And
this still leaves tens of ~housands of rai that can [produce
opium] for shipment to the United States. Fand there are also the
- Goiden Triangle areas in Burma and Laos.
International police from the United States who take helicopters
to survey the Golden Triangle area see only beautiful forests and
mountains below witr,out realizing what complex conditions exist
unclerneath this beautiful scenery. They think that Thai police can
easily go in with flame throwers and burn the poppy in t~e fieids.
But things are not that easy.
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The Golden Triangle is the capital of an international drug
empire. It is in an area where the borders of three countries
meet, the three being Thailand, Burma and Laos. The people who
live in the area of the Golden Tri~ingle where Thailand, Burma anc~
Laos come together are st3teless people belonging to various hill
tribes who h~ve made a living growing poppy for a hundred years
(beginning Vihen England started the Opium War with China). They
are allies cf the Karens, Shans and other small tribal groups that
have risen up to win independence from the Burmese government. They
support the underground Free Laos mnvement, o~ Lao Nat~onal
Liberation Mevement, which is oppos~ng the Lao government. And
they support the armed Ho Chinese who escort caravans and who are
former soldiers of the displaced 93rd KMT Division.
- Concerning these armed c~roups that roam about the Golden Triangle
and ~ahose main income comes from drug trafficking and the drug
industry, none of the three governments has been able to bring
- these illegal groups, whose members number 1 million people, under
full control. At most, they have been put under very loose
control. Concerning the Karen and Shan independence movements in
particular, the Burmese government has been trying to suppress these
movements but there is as yet no sign that it will succeed in the
near future. Whenever a government carries on suppression
acitivities within its own country, these groups si.mply flee to
another country temporarily and this happens again and again.
Thus, using the power of the state to suppress and destroy
[these groups] cannot succeed. If they are to be suppressed, all
three countries must carry on suppression acta.vities together. But
many political and other pioblems will be encountered.
WithQUt offense to these governments, not one of these governments
has complete sovereignty in [its part of] the Golden Triangle. It is
true that the governments can go in but they must take in troops
(if the intent is to destroy the opiv-~). And the opium in the
Golden Triangle is like water. For example, if the Thai
governmenic completely destroys the opium.in Thailand�s part of the
Golden Triangle, the opium in Laos and Burma flows in to replace
it.
Thailand is a major source of opium and nare~otics because, in the
sphere of communications, Thailand is more devel~ped than either
Burma or Laos, and, therefore, the opium and na rcotics flow into
Thailand from Burma and Laos, with Thailand serving as the gateway
- to the world outside.
For this reason, Thailand has been condemned by the United Nations
over the matter of narcotics arid it will not provide help since
Thailand is more developed than Laos or Burma. Dr.ug suppression
in the Golden Triangle, the capital of the world drug empire, is a
~ask of the ,Ur}i~e~i Natior}s but the United h'ations does not take
its responsibilities seriously at ali.
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Thus, the suppresyion activities have achieved notning. Thailand
is like a person who is reaping the effects of his misdeeds. It
has to carry the world alone and this is not fair.
Drugs in 'the Gc~.den Triangle cannot be suppr~ssed using force; ~
there is no possibility of this succeeding. With the 161 million
baht of ~_he United States , about 1610 rai of poppy can be
destroye,9. And this still leaves tens of thousands of rai. It will
be like burning grass, that is, after it rains, the plants will
come up again and will be even more beautiful than before.
Sttppressing drugs in the Golden Triangle using peaceful means in
accord with the ideas and initiatives of the king looks as if it
is the correct way and the one that will achieve perman~nt
results. This way involves persuading the stubborn hill tribes to
abandon poppy cultivation and cwltivate other crops instead.
Thailand is a poor country and so it must proceed slowly. The
_ United Nations and certain individual countries including the
United States have failed to give Thailand great help.
Thailand is carrying the burden alone (why must it do so?). The
majar problem is that the American drug market has raised prices
without limit, and those hill tribes that once stopped growing
poppy have started growing poppy again.
- And a problem that is twice as great is that those hill tribes
that were once content with their opium and small huts now have
a much broadPr knowledge of the world. Each family now wants a
house With a tile roof, a color television and a pickup truck. And
so they must turn to growing poppy,
~ Those officials who make plans for the hill tribes have a
headache.
[ 18 S ep 81 fl p 5]
[Text] Concerning the matter of the United States pressuring
Thailand to quickly suppr~s.~ opium, I wrote about this yesterday
but there is still more to say. .
Thailand has bePn a good ~~child" of the United Nations and
suppressed drugs in accord with the policies of the United Natians.

~ But Thailand has received very little from the United Nations in
return. True, the United Nations has given help but this help can
- be compared to throwing three or fcur rocks into a chasm.
ThE drug problem in the Golden Triangle area is like a deep chasm
than cannot be filled with just two or three rocks. The drug
problem is an international problem, and it is not fair to throw
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the responsibility for this on Thailand's shoulders alone. Turkey,
which produces an amount of opium second only to that of the
Golden Triangle, produces opium openly without fe~r of anyone and
with no trouble.
My goodness, I would like the government to engage in this trade
just like Turkey does. Only then w~ill the United Nations wake up.
Because of the political geography, the United Nations cannot exert
influence over Burma or Laos, which are jointly responsible,
; along with Thailand, in the Golden Triangle area because in
the Golden Triangle, therP are national liberation movements that
are f ighting the two governments.
' It is these national liberation movements that reveive their main
income from the opium trade, an income that is used for national
liberation. These various national libera~ion groups will fight
for the Golden Triangle like a king cobra fights for its eggs.
The eradication of drugs in the Golden Triangle can be done through
Thailand but the United Na~tions must provide large amounts of
_ aid. This aid must not be like setting up a laboratory in order
to write a thesis.
The idea of invading the area and destroying the poppies, an idea
held by some foreigners, it foolish. Bloodthirsty groups will rise
up to f ight and this will turn into a political problem. This is
not a matter of 10 to 20 rai of marihuana in the northeast or near
_ Kanchanaburi which can be destroyed easily since everyone
involved is Thai.
Go ahead and burn it. After it is burned, it can be replanted. A
lasting solution to the problem is to use a soft stick for
persuasion and to provide help so that the poppy growers turn to
the cultivation of other crops.
Thailand has persevered [zn its efforts] f~r more than 10 years
_ and has achieved some results. But because large sums of money
mu~t be spent, it has been possible to carry out things in a
limited area only.
I3ut after a single event in the United States, the results of the
past 10 years ha~ve been almost entirely ruined. B ecause the
United :~tates is a wealthy country, people have greatly increased
- the price of drugs. The hill tribes who had given up growing poppy
have again started growing poppy because they receive a good
price.
Am~rica has inflicted real pain. To solve the immediate problems, a
bonus will have to be paid to the hill tribesmen who grow
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substitute crops [in accord with] the program ana recommer.dations
of the officials so that they have an incomE at least equal to
that earned by growing poppy.
'1'he ~1;:1~~t;: I~`~:: 1C~PS ii';USt. !?C t::t Oi:~ t.0 pdtj L~11S DCiI1LlS S1TiC2
- the Thai gov~rnraent does n~+~ have the means to distribute money
like that. If the United Nations turns its face and does not
help, no one else will. [This] must be left to fate.
It is time that the United Nations called on all memi~er naticns
to help solve this problem instead of letting Thailand shoulder
this al~ne. In particular, the United States, which has the
largest narcotic~ market in the world, must take responsibility
too and not shift the responsibilit~ to Thailand.
The Thai government should not be like a person with a venereal
disease ,~ho is embarrassed in front of the doctor. T~Ze government
- must pressure the United Nations like a bull dog, that is, bite
and not let go. It must pressure the United Nations to become
directly involved in sol.ving this problem. It must play an �active
role in the program to reduce area used to grow poppy in the
Golden Triangle and surrounding areas. It must not act like an
invited guest.
However, the problem that is presently causing headaches for Thai
officials is that our hill tribes are ~no longer content with their
thatched huts. They want wooden houses with tile roofs just like
in the city. And they want a pickup truck under the hause instead
of pigs. They~also want a color tzlevision.
But growing other crops does not help to obtain a house and
pickup as fast as they can be obtained by growing poppy. What is
to be done? I interviewed a reporter_ about his viewss
~~Take a sma11 nuclear bomb and drap it in the middle of thQ
Golden Triangle. This will close the area for 20 years and solve
- the problems.~~ ~atisfied?
11943
CSOs 5300/4526
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~iAILAND
ONCF3 CHIEF: N.~RCOTICS VIOLATORS' PROPERTY TO BE SEIZED
Ba~gkok BAN M'uANG in Thai 2 Aug 81 p 16
_ [ArticZe: "There Will Be a Law On Seizing the Property of
Narcotics Traffickers'~]
[Text] Yesterday (the lst), Police Major General Phao Sarasin, the
secretary-general of the Office of the Narcotics Control Board,
- revealed that discussions are being held on making a national
security law similar to tliose of Malaysia and Singapore in order to
use it as a tool in durg suppression so that better results are
achieved. At the same time, a Yaw on seizing tlne property of
drug dealers similar to those in the United States and Australia
is also needed.
Police General Phao stated that, concerning the suppressi~n of
narcotics dealers in Thailand, at the present time there are still
several problems and obstacles becaaase usually it is not
possible to arrest the ringlea~ders ar.d prosecute thA case, which
is a matter of evidence. But ir. Malaysa.a and S ingapore, thzy
have been able to arrest even the ringleaders since they have
a national security law. This law pe.rmits the arrest of people
if it is felt that ~hese people are a danger to the country.
Malaysia in particular believes that drugs are the number one
enemy and that theY are a greater danger than the communists. It
also feels that the drug dealers are a danger to the country. Thus,
Malaysia is using this law to arrest people and jail them for
2 years. Because Malaysia has a national security ].aw, drug
suppression has achieved better results, a:~d it has been possible
to eliminate the entire network of drug traffickers, even th~
~ ringleaders. Thus, if we have such a?_aw, this will be good for
the sup~ression of the drug dealers.
Police Major General Phao further stated that, in addition to this,
in Australia there is a law on seizing the property of drug
dealers s ince it is felt , 3t such property was acquired illegally.
When a drug dealer is arrested, his property is inspected to
determine how much he has and he must state, within 1 month, how
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he a~quired that property. he cannot do so, ~fficial~ seize
t~is property. The United States has a similar law. The property
~hat is seized is used in drug suppression work. During just thz
- first 6 months aft~r this law went into effect, U.S. officials
were abl.e tc seize property from drug dealers valued at $100
million. Thus, ~f we have a law similar to those of the United
States and Austral ia, this wili similarly help us ack~ieve bettei~
results in our suppression work. At present, the Office ~f the
Narcotics Control Board is studying the laws of these count~ries
to see how suitable they are for us.
- Police Major General Phao Sarasin stated in conc~usion that w~
have a control law concerning some types of ak~emical~ that ar. e
an important el~nent in the production of heroin, and Malaysia
' is interested in having a similar law because most of the
ch~mic~~ls that the heroin producers use come from Malaysia. This
~ is k,.~c:~use Malaysia does not have a control 1aw. Thus, it is �hoped
- that when Malaysia makes such a].aw, this wiii help make it
possible to achieve better results in controlling chemic~ls
used in heroin production than are being achieved at present.
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7iiAILAND
COOPERATION WITH BURMA SOLJGHT IN CAPTURE OF KHUN SA
Bangkok 5 IAM RAT in Tha i 18 Aug 81 pp 1, 12
[Article: "Prachua.p Discloses That the Reward for the Capture of
�Khun Sa� Will Be Increased'~]
[Text] General Prachuap Suntharangkun, the deputy prime minister,
has revealed that, at present, Thailand is cooperating with
Burma to ~apture "Khun Sa~~ in order to resolute7.y put an eYid
to the drug trade since it is believed that he is the person
responsible for the widespread drug trade.
- The deputy prime minister stated that while the two sides
have not yet been able to capture him, they will try to block
things in order to make things difficult for the drug trade. And
- it is expected that, in the new fiscal year that begins this
- Ocfi.~ner, officiais will be able to increase the reward offered
~or his arrest.
G eneral Prachuap also stated that he has sent a letter of
commendation to the R egian 3 border patrol police, who seized
the largest amount of opium 3 tons. He also aff irmed that
there are definitely no narcotics refineries in Thailand. If
any are found, they will be seized immediatelyo Most of these
refineries are located in Burma in the Golden Triangle area, where
Thailand, Laos and Burma meet, since this area produces much
; opium. It is estimated that 500 tons we re produced here last year
~ while only 30-50 tons was produced in Thailand.
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ZHAILAND
BURMA-THAI TRAFFICKING RING BROKEN IN CHIANG RAI
Bangkok DAO SIAM in Thai 17 Aug 81 pp 7, 12
- [Article: "Burmese Heroin Transported Into Thailand; Police
Intercept It"]
[Text] From an investigation made by Police Lieutenant Colonel
Chan Suwannaphap, the chief inspector at the Chiang Rai provincial
police station in Muang District, it was learned that heroin was
to be smuggied into Thailand from Burma by motorcycle. Thus,
Police Lt Col Chan Suwannaphap joined the police off icials
- stationed at the Mae Kok vehicle checkpoint. Police Warrant
Officer S ubin Suthiprida, the off icer in charge, and several other
policemen, searched the vehicles, especially the motorcycles, ,
coming f rom Mae Sai District in accord with what an informer had
told Police Lt Coi Chan, the informer having said that heroin would
be tran5ported into the city.
At approximately 1430 hours, two men on a Suzuki 100 cc motorcycle
~ drove up from the direction of Mae Sai District, just as the
informer had said. The police immediately asked to sEarch the
raincoat that was tied to the gas tank in the front. They found
350 grams of Singto Khu Yiep Lok brand heroin hidden in the
raincoat. They confiscated this as evidence and arrested both men
- as suspects. They were later identified as Mr Somchai Saengchan,
age 24, and Mr Prasit Khamluwong, age 24, both residents of
Village 1 in Pongpha Commune, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai
Province.
Both men stated that they had been paid 5,000 baht by a man in
Thakhilek District in Burma to deliver it to a wealthy person in
front of the Chiang Rai Rama 2 theater. The value of the heroin
that they had been hired to transport was approximately 150,000
baht in Burma. The officials sent some of their men to go arrest
the xealthy person who was supposed to~pick up the goods, but he
did not appear. He may have found out about things and fled ahead
of time. The two suspa_cts and the evidence were turned over to
Police Lieutenant Bangkhom S ittisan, the officer on duty, for
~urtk~er investi c~ati~n of the case.
11943
rs~: 53~0/4514
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~iAILAND
KMT 93RD DIVISION TRAFFICKTNG ROLE, LINKS WITH KRIANGSAK REPORTED
Bangkok SIAM RAT in Thai 20 Aug 81 p 7
[Thoughts From the News column by Prachuap: '~The Heroin
- Refinery At Doi Huai Mak~~]
[T ext] R ecently, there was a news report that Region 3 border
- patrol police had seized a heroin refinery at Doi Huai Mak, which
is located about 10 kilometers to the west of Hin Taek'Viilage
a Shan village in Mae Chan District, Chiang Rai Province and
about 1 kilometer from the Thai-Burmese border.
The BANGKOK POST, which printed this story, revealed that this
- refinery was capable of producing about 400 kilograms of heroin
a month. By seizing this refinery, in addition to seizing the
prc~auc:tion equipmer.t and various chemicais, ~ tons of cooked
opium, which was being.readied to produce heroin, ~as also seized.
= Thus it can be said that this was the largest drug haul in the
past 10 years.
Because this heroin refinery was set up in a favorable location,
or in a place that was diff icult to control,and because it was
guarded by Chinese soldiers of the 93rd Division, or Ho Chinese
as they ar.e called, who were armed with modern weapons such as
M72 [grenade lawnchers], antitank rockets and M60 machine guns,
the border patrol police had to send in forces by helicopter. But
it appears that there was heavy resistance by the Chinese soldiers
of the 93rd Division before they f inally had to retreat.
Concerning the news of this swppse$sion acfi:,vity, or drug haul,
in r eality this is a common event and not .-omething , strange. But
concerning the seizure of this heroin refinery, besides the fact
that this was the largest case in 10 years, there are other things
that I think are worth noting. One is that Chinese soldiers of the
93rd Division were involved as guards for this drug production
operation. Prior to this, some newspapers printed stories saying
that a group of Chinese soldiers of the 93rd Division ha~ moved
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from th~ north to mounta~.n ridges along the Thai-L~urmese border that .
are about 4 kilometers from~Sangkhlaburi District in Kanchanaburi
Province. These stories said that these forces of the 93rd Division
= had joined Burmese minority groups and that it was expected that
a new narcotics trade route would be opened by an international
narcotics ring.
In fact, the matter of thes~ remnant Chinese forces of the 93rd
Divisinn who remained in the Thai-Burmese border area is a
problem that has troubled the goverrunent for a long time. In
particular, the Chinese soldiers of the 3rd and 5th battalions of
the 93rd Division who were unwilling to be repatriated to Taiwan
and who did not want to fight the military forces of the Burmese
government moved into the northern region of Thailand. The 3rd
Battalion chose to locate in the Doi Ma Angkhang area :in Fang
~ District, Chiang Mai Pro~ince. As for the 5th Battalion, it chose
to settle in the area of Ban Pa Sang in Mae Chan District, Chiang
Rai Province. Later, it moved ~into the Doi Mae Salong arpa in
Mae Chan District, Chiang Rai Province, remaining there up to the
present.
- Concerning the matter of the 3rd and 5th battalions of the Chinese
93rd Division settling down in Thailand, besides the fact that
this infringed on Thailand's sovereignty, it also caused several
other serious problems. For example, weapons and forces have been
secretely moved in and out of the country across the border, and
youn~.Chinese men in Burma haye been sought for training so that
they can be stationed with v~arious units. Peopie have been
smuggled out of the country to Taiwan and also into the country
from Taiwan.
~he important problem is that when the Chinese soldiers or the
93rd Division.refused ta return to Taiwan, Taiwan stopped
providing financial help and th.is forced this group to look for
money with which to support xt~ people and military forces. Their
livelihood became the opium trade. They transported o~ium from
Kokong State and sold it in Thailand and Laos. They also
established illegal checkpoints and collected taxes from the opium
traffickers and from those dealing in other smuggled goods. It
once reached the point where they had a dispute with the
independent Karens over proprietary rights to jade goods and an
important Thai general, who has left government service and who is
_ now a successful politician, had to go and made peace between them.
But whether or not he received any c~mpensation for this was not
- revealed. ~
In the end, to solve the problems concerning the 3rd and 5th
batta:lions of the 93rd Divi.sion, in that period Supreme Command
HeadqL:arters and the cabinet gave permission, with the approv~tl
of the National Security Council, for the KMT soldiers of the 3rd
and 5th battalions and their families to live in Thailand as
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refugees in those ar~as vhere they had been living, ~~.th one force
sent to live in the Doi Luang and Doi Phamon areas in Chiang Rai
Province. And they were permitted to make a 13ving in those areas
stipu3ated Y~y government officials. They were considered to be
ordinary people and not soldiers. In particular, the settlement
at Doi Salong Was the largest. There, the Chinese soldiers and
their families numbered aimost 3,000 peopie. They had school.s to ~
. teach both Thai and Chinese. Their open means of making a living
was agriculture, which inciuded growing tea and coid-weather
fruits sir~ce Doi Mae Salong, vhich the Chinese soidiers of the
93rd Division had taken over, is more than 3,000 feet above sea
levpl and the Weather there is cold aii year long.
The important person Who is the present leader of the Chinese
soldiers and their families on Doi Mae Salong is Mr Li Yui Chien. I
- cannot remember his Thai name. Most of the children of the Chinese
soldiers on Doi Mae Salong have Thai names and study from Thai
books, The Chinese soidiers who are still y.~ung have~-taken part
in fighting and suppressing the communist terrorists. That ~ras the
policy implemented by S upreme Command Headquarters in that period.
Based on what has been r~vealed, it appears that many of them lost
their lives. It was apparently for this reason that Supreme
Command Headquarters established Headquarters 04 i.n Chiang Mai
Province and made it responsible for handling communications with
the Chinese soldiers of t~e 93rd Division, which had estabiished
its base in Thailand. And it is thought that in return, the Chinese
soldiers took part in suppressing the terrorists. Therefore, they
were probz~+~l yiven speciai rights in return.
The thing that they were given in return was the right to carry on
~ their original way.of making_a living, which combined the
' production and sale of narcotics. Because, if engaged in
_ agriculture alone to make a living, where could they have gotten
the money to spuuprt their military forces? There was once a news
item that said that a Thai general was living vith the Chinese
_ soldiers of the 93rd Division and that these forces were engaged
in producing narcotics to the extent that drugs were sent to and
soid in Vietnam during the period wr.en the Un~.ted S~ates was stili
there. This resulted in U.S, soidiers becoming addicts and drug
traff ickers too,,.
Thus, when this major heroin refinery at Doi Huai Mak, which is
located between Doi Hin Taek and Doi Mae Salong, was seized ana it
was fourid that heavily armed Chinese soldiers of the 93rd Division
_ were standing guard and that they fought to prevent the
authorities from seizing [the refinery], this affirms or supports
the idea that the 93rd Division, which is still in Thailand, has
- certainly not given up or ceased producing and selling narctoics.
Furthermore, it is believed that a high-ranking official, or
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general, may be involved in these activities. And if this occurs
at times, the border patl~ol police who go in to ma:~e the ar~ests
may be bl?raed i3ther tha~i praised .
Thos~~ ~z~~~e i~h~~ sGy tr.a'.: t~i~r~ is a s~,ecial :relat~ons~zig ~~ritb. t2~P
Chines~ soidiers ~ ie 9~rd ~:~~vision at Doi Mae Salong have to
be referring to General Kriangsak Chamanan, the former prime
minist.er and the new MP from Roi Et Province, since he worked
at Supr~me Command Headquarters for a long time. And when he was
- prime minis~.2~, he went and stayed at Doi Salong so often tl~a~ the
Chinese soldiers who lived there happily buiit a magnificant gm~st�
house called Kriangsak's house. There is a sign there in Chinese
which in translation says that this house was bui~t for Gen~ral
Kriangsak Chamanan, the prime minister, a person who has
impl~~nented wise policies and kindiy aliowed these Chinese
soidie~s to liT~e on Doi Mae Salong xith the status of refugees.
Concerning the guest house on Doi Mae Salong that the Ch~nese
soldiers buiit for General Kriangsak Chamanan during the time he ~
was prime minister, I don't know whether this house was built for
the personal use of Generai Kriangsak because of ciose personal
relations between them or whether it was buiit in commendation of
his capabilities, that is, it was turned over to the governmer~t
and became government property. If it ~ras built fox [the person
holding] this government position, I approve since this shows
that this is pubiic property. But if it was buiit for his personal
use, even if was built out of great admiration, since i~e vas
hoiding a politicai position, the prime ministership, I.feel that
accepting this house that others had buiit for his personai use was
- wrong eince some ~eople may misunderstand and think that this xas
~ a re~ward or repayment for something.
Since government officiais seized this major heroin refinery and it
appears that Chinese soldi.ers of the 93rd Division were invoived
and even resisted the seizure, I wouid like to see the government
conduct an investigation to ciearly determine whose refinery this
- was, who was involved and whether there are other such refineries.
Because if an investigation is no~ conducted i.n order to clear up
= matters, I am very afraid that, one day, money from this drug
trade may piay a part in politics or elections in Thailand. Who
knows?
11943
= CSO: 5300/4514
~
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~iAILAND
REWA~RDS OFFERED FOR DRUG KINGPINS
Bangkok MATICHON in Thai 21 Aug 81 p 3
[Articie: ~~A Reward Has Been Offered for the Capture of ,the D~~+ug
Kingpin Who Has Great Influence in the Ivorth"]
. [Text] The Office of the Narcotics Controi Board is pre~paring to
offer a reward of at least 100,000 baht for the capture of PolicP
Colonel Niran Withayawutikun, a narcotics kingpin in the north.
~Dn 19 August, a news report from tk~e Office of the Narcotics
Controi Board (ONCB) revealed to MBTICHON that the ONCB is
' considering setting a retirard for the capture of Police Colonel
~ Niran Withayawutikun, the commander of the [local office] of the
Commissioner's Office of the Provincial 3. ~rom an investigatio~i,
_ it was learned that he is involvecl in the drug trade in the north.
-i Now, he has fled.
I ~~T~he latest ne~ws that we have received is that he is with the 93rd
i Division at Doi Mae Salong, with Khun Sa or at Doi Lang, wl~ere
Lao Su has influence,~~ stated the news source.
The news report added that the amount of the reward wfii be between
100,000 and 500,000 baht. The ONCB wili submit this matter to the
I committee for consideration one n?ore time. This amount ean be
~ compared to the reward~ offered for other narcotics trafficl~ers,
which include Lao Su, 900,000 baht, Li Ming, 600,000 baht, Mr
Phunsiri Chanyasak, 600,000 baht and Khun Sa, 500,000 baht.
The news report revealed that in setting this reward for Khun Sa,
or Chang S i Fu, an international narcotics traff icker, Generai Prem
Tinsulanon, the prime minister, showed great interest and
resolutely ordered that he be captured. In addition, charges wiil
be filed that he has harmed national se~urity.
11943
CSO: 5300/4514
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_ ~iAILAND
LAO P,RRESTED WITH OPIUM IN NAKH,ON PFiANOM
Bangkok DAO SIAM in Thai 1 Oct 81 p 16
[Article: ~~Young Lao Man Who Transported Opium Across the Hekonq
R iver to S 211 In Tha il and Is Arrested By F~ol ice~' ]
[Text] From an investigation by Pollice Lieutenant Chirat
- Phichitphai, the head of the spec~l'~nvestigation unit at the
Nakhon Phanom provinciai police station in Muang District, it was
- learned that opa.um was to be transported across the border from
Laos at Tha Kho in Tha KY~o Commune, Muang District, Nakhon Phanom
~ Province. Thus, at 2200 hours an 29 Septembers officiais toak a
force and hid in the area of the government pa~rn shop along the
bank of the Mekong River on Suntharawichit Road in Muang District.
A man carrying a pap~r bag waiked past and since he looked
suspicious he was searched.
In the paper bag, off icials found two piastic bags of caoked
opium, each weighing 1 kilogram. Police Lieutenant Chirat put this
man on the back of his motorcycle in order to take him to the .
provi.nciai police station in Muang District. But after going
- about 400 meters from the piace where he was arrested, this man
us ed his chance to shove Police Lt Chirat off the motorcycie and
fled with his handcuffs stiil on. But officiais fired a warning
shot into the air, gave chase and arrested him. They then took
him and turned him over to Police Captain Wiraphong Somprasong,
the officer on duty, for inves;:igation. He was identified as Mr
Somsanuk Anurak, age 25, who lives in Tha Khaek in Kham Muan
Province, Laos. Mr Somsanuk confessed that he was taking this
Cooked opium to a trafficker in Nakhon Phanom city. This was just
a sample and if they had reached an agreement, he wouid have
brought in at least 300 more kilograms. Hut before.this happened,
he was arrested. The officiais placed him under arrest for
furt'ber handling of the case. .
- 11943
- CSO: 5300/4526
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~iAIIAND
=i DRUG TRAF~rICKING PROBLEM ON SOUTHERN BORDER DISCUS~ED
Bangkc~k SIAM RAT SAPPADA WICHAN in Thai 20 Sep 81 p 43
[Comment ~'i~ld column by Pan Banduac "Drug Trafficking in the
Southern Provinces~~]
[Text~ Based on a statement by Police Ma jor Generai Phao Sarasin,
~the secretary-general of the Office of the Nax~cotics Controi
Board (ONCB), concerning drug trafficking in Thailand in
particular, at present, much drug :~muggling is taking place in the
south and officials have been ab1E to arrest many of these
criminals. ~
- The thing worth noting is that, concerning drug trafficking in the
south, based on the arrests that have been made, aimost all of the
= drugs seized have been bars o,f morphine. Thus, we can assume that
there is certainly a heroin refinery in the south or. on the
border with Malysia. If this assumption is true, the government
must take action to resolutely suppr~ts this. The facts that
support this assumption include the foilowing:
Thailand has resolutely prohibited acetic acid from bei.ng brought
into the country since this is an important acid that has long been
used in the refining of heroin. Also, stern action has been taken
against those who violate the law, and ~here ha~~e been no
exceptions in the sout~ern provinces.
But at the same time, Malaysia does not have any prohibitions
concerning s~Ch chemicals. Thus, drug traffickers who estabiish
heroin ref ineries in Malaysia can easily obtain this important
acid. Or, it is aiso easy to smuggle this drug across the border
into the southern region of Thailand. Thus, it is urgent that
these two countries cooperate in suppressing the heroin ref ineries.
At present, in the Thai-Ma.lafs~.a border area, whPre there are
other probiems that have constantly had an effect, the probiems
have begun to be solved because of having mutual understandgng. In
particular, the Malaysian prime minister made an official visit to
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Thailand and the Thai prime minister has visited Malaysia and this
has greatly improved relations between the t~ro countries.
The narcotics probiem that has arisen at present should not be
too difficult to solve if the two sides really cooperate ~rith
each other. As for Thailand, tnis country is notorious for the drug
problemshere, arnd, therofore, steps must quickly b2 taken to
solve them.
One thing that should be done is to improve the efficiency of ~he
officials. Also, a good suppression measure is to investigate and
- prosecut~ the cases of those who violate the law. The only thing
is that swift action is necessary.
As for the actions of the present government, it is believed that
this government is honest and that it has certainly intended
to suppr.ess drug trafficking in the country as much as possibie,
even to the point of putting a deputy prime minister in direct
charge of this matter. If the sectors concerned cooperate fully,
= the drug problems in the country wiil certainly decrease.
Drugs are one of the great threats to mankind. But they create
great wealth for selfish people, and they are like a weapon used
for pol~tical ~ersecution. This is ~omething that all countries
must make every effort possibie to suppress for the future
we11-being of society.
11943
CSO: 5300/4526
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CANADA
SURVEY FINDS USE OF LSD SOARS IN ONTARIO SCHOOLS _
Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL in English 9 Dec 81 p 1
[Article by Dorothy Lipovenko]
[Text]
The use ot LSD amang Ontarlo ~ hlgh~ About' one-tldrd o~ the studet~ts ~ used
~ school students has risen 6? per cent since cnarijuana and tobacco respeetively.~But 10
1977 and the use oi "uppers" has lnc~ased per cent of Ehe mari ju~ans smokers repor4
about the same, according to a survey by ed using the dt~tg 20 or more tim~s in the
- the Addiction Research Foundadon. ~ month prlor to the sutvey. Only 1 per cxnt
However, sllghdy fewer studEnts are ot alaohol users saId they had dnmk alco-
smo~king martiuana~ the provinc~aride bi- hol daily duriag that same perlad. ~
amual survey indicates. It Ls the first time Among students report~ ~e oi dn~
since the ARF initiated the high scLools at least once !n tbe year be ore the survey
study in 1988 that there has b~en no rePor~ was takefl, greater use was �irnmd ~moog
ed increase in cnarijuana usc. . scuder?ts in che west~rn regton surveyed
Start-term effect~s ui LSD use include compared witb thoee in Metro ToronW.
mood ch~nges. ImP~ired motor. sldlls~ ('This has c~onaistendy the case ln all
trembling and a.distorted sen~e ot tlme: oi the surveys since they~began.) The aaest-
Convuisions~ insomnfa aad prolonged ds~ ern ~reglon included the at+ea froni Bramp-
prdsion are ettects aaeociated wlth lon8 ton ta Wlnd3or aid hom Owen Sound to
term use. Uppers, which produce a teeling Niagata Falla. Marijnaea use was twice as
ot euQhoria, Include � amphetaml~e~~tl mucri; ISD~ two~and-a-halt. dmes; u[aa
bennedrine. Etfects honn their use inc u ~e tluee tlmes: noa~pt~escription. atim ts;
dizziness~ sweating~� aPC~etite reduction and four tlmes; aad non'=prescriptiai ~arbitw
a rise in blood pt~essure: ~ tata~, tovo~and-a-hali tlmes. ~
Commenting aa ~ the reductioR. in mari- wece: ~
juana use, the report, W be released today~ D Studenta yo~nger than .13 were much
says, whether thLs is due to~ impmved ~~Y t~ usearry drugs - exc~pt for
educadon about adverse eitects of caana- glue end sotve~nts - tt~an older students.
~ bis (mariiuana)~ eco~omiE tactors, or O~~ohol~ mariJi
d~Ms used infre-
more general sociacultural changes, catti- ~ Y Y Y~Be .
not be detecmined ~ 0. Tobaceo and alcohol use declined� be-
The 3,270 students surveyed were in tween 1979 and 1961 amang male students.
Grades 7, 9, 11 and 13 in publlc and sepa- ~IYlore male students than female stu-
rate schools. While alc~hol is thelr most dents used 'a~arljuana, prescrlption barbi-
_ papular drug and its consumpdo~n haa turates~ heroin or c~ccaine.
remalned steady between surveY Years~ ~ 1'hera was h sign~ificant over-all decline
tobacco ia tfie motit trequendy consumdd in the use of solvents such as nail poli~h
cirug. About ?Z per cent ot the tobacco rea?over and paint thinner.
smokers used tovacco dsily. . ? Uee ot prescription tranquill~zers has
dropped alightly siMe IATf.
CSO: 532(?/16
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CANADA
MOST PROVINCES OPPOSE SOFTENING OF DRUG LAWS
Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL in English 9 Dec 81 p 3
[Text)
0'i'I'AWA (CP) - Led by Attorney- ~ al~ to modity the taw are based on the .
General Roy McMurtry o[ Ontario, a tindiags ot a federal repoR by law '
- ma jority oi provinces (ndicated oppa protessor Gerald LeDaln that now is
sitiua yesterday W tederal plans to mure than 10 years oid. They said t!?e
sotten tt?e law against possession ot LeDaln report has been outdated by
marijuana�and hasdish. ~ medical lndicatlone ot harm praduced .
Only Quebec and Manitoba oHered . bgr smuking caansbi9 drugs.
support for the long-promised shltting 'Ybey also argued it w~ould be incon-
ot marijuana trom ngulatian under sistent for Ottawa to raduce peaaides
the Narcotics Contral Act to the less tor slmpleposs~sian but w maintain.
severe Food and Drug Act. penaltip tor tratticking~ imPo~6
Ot~cialty~ Qaebec is boyco3tlng thE and cultlvatioq. .
federal.provincial meedng ot attor�
~Y8-S~~ in prot~st agawt the
cwostitutia~al package tavored b~
Ottawa and the other nine provinces.
But alttiough Quebec Justice Mlnister ~
MarC~Andre Bedard was not present. i
6is province aas represeflted by an
obeerver.
Manitoba's paeidon ~vas ~xpressed
by Roland Penner~ Attorney-C~enGral
in the New Democradc Party Govern-
ment elected Nov.17.
Ontario led most oi the other prov-
inces in an aasault on tedersl plana,
saytng that to modlty the law on poe-
seasian would be to lndicate that pos-
x~alan is no longer a crime.
Delegates sald later thut ~ Mr. � ~
McMurtry'a poeitlon , appeared to be
stro~gly intlt~et~ced by the c:aneerva-
dve pofice view W tbe province.
Tt~e opposing provfnc~es said P~P~-
CSO: 5320/16
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CANADA
DRUG SF.iZURE CALLED LARGEST IN WINDSOR
~ Windsor THE WI'~IDSOR STAR in English 24 Nov 81 p 2A
[TextJ
A Windsor man will be dne man wcwld be ~charged~ marijeeans in brick form was
charged t~day with having with poesea~ion of narcotics seiud from a trailerparked
about 5400, ,10 worth of nar- for the purpae of traf~cking. ba6ind a Malden Road homa
cotica in wha, aolia say u the Ot6er succxsaful raida hava by the RCMP'and Windsoc
largeat drug seizuro in Win- been etaged in Windsor dur- dru~ sqaud. ?wo person~ were
deor. . ' ing the past 10 yeara. arrested in connection with,
An RCMP spo~eaman said In July,1980, fonr men wero that seizure. The Riarijuana
detectives L~ Berekoff and arroated and ISD valued at avasvaluedatS140~000.
Ro6ert Saunders were eearch- SS0,000 waa seiud by a drug In the tri-county area, Z,000.
; .ing a. Windsor reaidena in sqaud comprised of Windsoc �pounda of �marijuana was
connectioa with the investiga- police ard RCMP. 'I'he men 'seiud ie a 1977 raid{ worth
tion inW the robbery of Dan- � were altempdng to tran~port nearly 5700,000 at street pri~
ny's Tavern- Sunday, when the narcotics into Canadg' es. Four area men were
~ t6ey discovered the suspected through the Detroit
Windsor charged in c~nnection _ witb
' earcotics. ' . tunnel. ; ~ the seizure. _
, Police,.who aro still compil- A raid �in February, t979;'
' ing their roport, baye not *e- netted about S 100,000 of vari=
leased the name of t1u man or ous narcodca after police ar-
disclosed tbe kinds of narcof- rated 21 per~ons on,37 war-
, ics. . rants for drug traffi~king.
A spokesman said at least And in i972; 7QOpoitnds of~
- cso: 5320/16 .
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~ CANADA
BRIEFS
- DRUGS SEIZED IN POLICE RAIDS--Toronto--Ten Metro Toronto people have been arrested
and nearly $1-million worth of drugs seized by Metro Toronto Police after a three-
month investigation. A drug squad officer said yesterday it was one of the largest
drug seizures by I~tetro police in aeveral years. In raids on several residences,
police f~und 4,729 grams of hashish, 1,816 grams of hash oil, 6S3 grams of high-
quality (concentrated) cocaine and a sma11 amount of mari~uana, with an estimated
total street value of $914,500. [Text] [Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL in English
23 Oct 81 p 11]
MAJOR DRUG RAID--Huntsvi,lle, Ont.--The Orilla detachment of the RCN~, working in
con~unction with the Ontario Provincial Police, has seized more than 450 kilo- ,
grams of hashish and high-grade mari~ uana~aith a street value estimated at between
$3-million and $5-million. Two Huntsville residents and a Toronto man were
charged with possession of a narcotic for the purpose of trafficking after a raid
on a house near here on Sunday night. [TextJ [Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL in
English 17 Nov 81 p 4]
CSO: 5320/17
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COLOMBIA
BRIEFS
COCAINE LABORATORY DISCOVERED--Fiorencia--F-2 agents have diacover~ed a modern
cocaine laboratory in the heart of thie city, the capital of Caqueta Department.
The discovery was made during a raid on the home of (Libardo Gaitan Fierro),
a wealthy businessman. [PA232030 Bogota Radio Santa Fe in Spanish 1730 GMT 23
Dec 81]
= DRUG CONFISCATION--The Colombian police have dealt a harsh blow to the drug
traffickers operating in the various parts of the country. A gang wa~ dismantled
and a 27-ton marijt?ana shipment was seized. The traffickers are (Ezequiel
Paredes Guerra), (Alfonso Marin Ramirez), (Hugo Perez), (Jose Gomez), (Miguel
Asierra Rodillo), (Pascual Arregozes) and (Hugo Perney Arregozes). [PA050325
Bogota Radio Cadena Nacional in Spanish 1730 GMT 4 Jan 82]
~ DRUG TRAFFICKER'S ARREST--National police in Cucuta arrested (Adolfo Marin
Pineda) and seized 1,400 mandrake pills, 2,200 mari~uana cigarettes and 13,000
- pesos in counterfeit 100-peso bills. [PA050325 Bogota Radio Cadena Nacional
. in Spanish 1730 GMT 4 Jan 82]
. CSO: 5300/2112
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PERU
BRIEFS
COCAINE ~3ASE SEIZURE--The Peruvian Inveatigative Police (PIP) of Callao last
night seized 60 kg of cocaine base worth more than 100 million soles near the
- Jorge Chavez International airport. The PIP arrested Juan Mamani and a minor
whose initials are F.D. [PY251332 Lima EXPRESO in Spanish 30 Nov 81 p 17]
DRUG TRAFFICKER BAND DIStdANTLED--The narcotics department of the Peruvian
Investigative Police has captured members of an international gang of drug
traffickers who had set up a laboratory and cocaine leaf maceration tanks in
the downtown area of Callao. The police have arrested Carlos Martinelli Castro
and Jesus Alfonso Duenas Isla but have not yet managed to capture Elsa Herrera
Briceno, who ran the~above drug distribution center. [PY261332 Lima EXPRESO
in Spanish 27 Nov 81 p 34]
COCAINE DISPATCHED BY MAIL--The Peruvian Investigative Police have disrupted a
drug traff ickers' organization that dispatched camouflaged cocaine hydrochlorate
to Canada by regietered mail. They have arrested Arana Ampuero, 24, who was
in charge of dispatching the mail, along with Octavio Choza Bondon, 24, Jaime
Raul Vega Tarazona, 23, and Jack William Arbildo Estrella, who were the leaders
of the organization. [PY202201 Lima EL COMERCIO in Spanish 11 Dec 81 p A-14]
CSO: 5300/2115
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VENEZUELA
BRIEFS
COCAINE ARREST--The metropo~itan police arrested (Severino Cardoni), (Antonio
Cardoni) and (Antr~nio Hernandez) near (?E1 Polvorin de La Pastora) Plaza. The
young men were carrying 14 jara of cocaine. They are being questioned by the
(Totiza) in.telligence division. The technical corps of the ~udicial police
drugs division will continue the investigation. [PA300136 Caracas Radio
Continente Network in Spanish 2100 GMT 29 Dec 81]
~ CSO: 5300/2115
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- DENMARR
NORwAY, SWEDEN DEMAND DENMARK TIGHTEN DRUG CONTROL
Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Daniah 8 Nov 81 p 7
[Article by Jorn Brandt]
[Text] Both the Swedish and Norwegian governments are putting pressure on Denmark
to implement a more restrictive narcotics policy.
Sweden's minister for social affairs and Nordic cooperation, Karin Soder, said to
BERLINGSKE on Sunday, "It is very important for combatting the narcotics prablem in
Denmark, Norway and Sweden that we arrive at a common policy in the field. There-
fore, the Swedish government has proposed a ministerial level meeting, for example
in January 1982, to consider the problems."
Before that Karin Soder would like to have a apecial meeting with a representative
of the Danish government in preparation for the tri-partite meeting. The reason
is that, according to Karin Soder, Denmark takes a more liberal position towards
- narcotics than Sweden and Norway, s~nd that cre~tes problems.
Karin Soder's poaition is supported by the Norwegian minister of social affairs,
Leif Arne Heloe, who eays, In Norway we are clearly more restrictive in regard
to narcotics than in Denmark. I am not going to involve myself in the policy of
the Danish Government, but it seems to me that such a meeting can be useful. For
- example, I can mention that we in Norway are conaidering increasing the maximum
_ punishment for serious narcotice crimes from 10 to 15 years."
Nordic Demand that Christiania be Closed Being Cons~dered by Eolk~ting
Ritt B~erregaard, the minister of social affaira, will answer in parliament the
demand of inembers of the Nordic Council's social committee that Christiania be
closed up. It is the Conservative aocial-political chairman, Agnete Laustsen, who
is putting the question to the miniater of social affaira. Recently, the former
undersecretary in the Norwegian department of social affaira, Per Nyhus, described
Christiania as the "Nordic center for narcotica trafficking and crime."
_ Agnete Laustsen says, "The other Nordic countries are demanding that Christiania
be cloaed up, which is quite understandable. Children and young people go to rack
- and ruin, and Nordic parents must seek help through their embassiea to get their
'children home from Christiania."
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She now wants to know what the m3.nister of social affairs is going to do as a
result of the Nordic complainta.
Members of all the parties in the Swedish parliament have demanded in a letter to
the Danish goverrnneiit that it ctose up Christiania.
In the letter it is stated among other things, "Christiania is a haunt and Nordic
center in the sale of narcotics to Nordic young people and consequently is a contrib-
uting cause to the narcotics market in Sweden." At the same time the signatories
are of the opinion that the existence of Christiania is in violation of the inter-
national narcotics convention of 1961, which Denmark signed, and consequently they
conclude their petition to the government by demanding "that the government of
. Denmark close up Christiania and at the same time take resprnsibility for the
aduicts in Christiania."
The letter was sent by "The National Association for a Narcotics Free Society," �
- which is a Swedish popular movement against the misuse of narcotics. It has about
5,000 members, many of i~hem professional social workers. One of them, Melvyn
Lundholm from the narcotics se~tion of Malmo's administration of social services,
was one of the speakers at a seminar for journaliets which the Central Association
f or Information Regarding Alcohol and Narcotics held. He said,
"Denmark follows a conaistent and extresnely liberal policy regarding narcotics, not
least when hashish is involved. In Denmark in practice the possesaion and amoking
of hashish, is not a crime, neither is the cultivation of cannabis, if there is no
intention to misuse or sell. This cultivation is quite extensive, and there is
much to indicate hashish grown in Dernnark is exported."
- Melvyn Lundholm eriticizes the practice of the Danish police in iszuing warnings
to people who have been arrested with up to 1~0 grams hashish in theix possession,
and he continues with a passion to deplore the conditions in Christiania.
"The sale of hashish goes on compl.etely openly in Christianid. Sellers stand
offer their goods in open competitisident ofaChrist~,ania,rtnostdof~theeinhabitantse~
quality etc, and, according to a re ,
of Christiania support themaelves by selling hashish.
Melvyn Lundholm is of the opinion that the Danish narcotic policy influences the
~ market in all of Scandinavia.
, He said to BERLINGSKE on Sunday," by allowing open narcotica traffic in Christiania
the Danish Government is influencing the narcotics market in Sweden in a very ser-
ious manner. For example, it ia easy for Swedish addicta to make good buys for
- little muney in Christiania and then aell the stuff in Sweden. Consequently, the
Swedish politicans must put preQa::=e on the Danish Government in order to gst the
Danish free city closed."
Restrictive Enough
According to sources close to the governemnt, people in Denmark are not particularly
_ pleased with the initiative of the Swedish social minister, Karin Soder, for a
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Scandinavian narcotics meeting, as mentioned above. Inside the government it has
created problems as to whether Denmark ~hould be reprpsented by the minister of
justice, Ole Espersen, the minister of social affairs. Ritt Bjerregaard, or by the
minister of internal affair~, Henning Rasmussen; and it has created displeasure
among some Social Democrats.
Henning Rasmussen himself said to BERLINGSKE on Sunday, "It is true that the Swedish
_ proposal involves a long serie3 of problsms involving the ~urisdiction of several
ministries, and we shall now consider from the Danish side how we can tackle it."
The minister of justice, Ole Espersen, believes that the Danish narcotics policy is
sufficiently r~strictive, but he naturally wants to consider the problems with his
Nordic colleagues.
The Social Democratic member of parliament, Bernhardt Tastesen, who wae previously
chairman of the Folketing's social committee and whe has been intimately involved
for many years with the misuse of narcotica, saya," I believe a tightening of the
_ narcotics policy will create more problema than we had previously. For exarnple, if
we intervene more in regard to hashish= we are taking a chance that the young
peopie will go over to harder stuff."
Without Blame
y This view is supported by the cultural s~ciologist at the University of Copenhagen,
_ Jacques Blum, who has been involved with the problems of deviates, including
Christiania.
He says, Christiania is not to blame for the Swedish problem. It has, like in
Denmark, primarily social causes, and I regard the initiative of the Swedes as an
effort to ship their problems with narcotics over tlhe Oresund to Denmark."
"We have in Christiania almost overcome the hard stuff, but quite rightly not with
hashish which is sold relatively openly. But if the Swedes want to help the Danes
with the narcotics problem by having city areae closed down, they should rather
point to Vesterbro and Norrebro. It is there that the real problema are to be found,
and it is there that action should be taken. Not with a more restrictive policy
but with a gregter social. effort."
6893
- CSO: 5300/2072
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DENMARK
PRESSURE FROM NCitWAY, SWEDEN MAY FORCE STRONGER DRUG LAW ~
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 6 Dec 81 p 15
[Text] It appears that ~he Danish government is beginning to be impressed by the
harsh Swedish and Norwegtan criticism of, among other things, the sale of hashish
in the so-called free town Christiania in Copenhagen.
The minister of 3ustice in Denmark, Ole Espersen, said on Saturday that he can con-
template stricter laws against the possession of hashish if that leada to a re-
striction in hashish dealing.
Espersen said in an interview on Danish radio that he is positively inclined to the
idea of establishing fines for the poasession of hashish in very small quantities
if that can limit the hashish dealing. Today in Denmark only a warning is given
if it is believed that the possession of heroin is only for private use.
The general view in Copenhagen seems to be that Espersen was just tr~ing to get
votes since he is just now being severely pressed by aeveral bourgeois parties who
want harder measures against both the conditions in Christiania and hashish in
general.
But a source within the Danish police believes that it is primarily the Swedish
and Norwegian criticism of Denmark that is behind Espersen's softer attitude.
An investigation was made public on Saturday indicating that 47 percent of adult
Danes want Christiania ended when its license expirea. Thirty-two percent want
the "free town" to continue in the future. The Folketing will decide Christiania's
- future next year.
6893
CSO: 5300/2099
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FINLAND
DOMESTIC DRUG PR(JBLEM COMPARED TO OTHER NORDIC COUNTRIES
Helainki HELSINGIN SANOMAT in Finnish 17 Nov 81 p 11
[Article by Iima Stenback]
[TextJ A new drug wave is on its way to the Nordic countries. There are 500
Finnish drug addicts in Sweden and 5,000 in Finland. Does Finland have a drug
problem? By all means no, but there are Finns who do. The worst drug addicts
have moved to S~aeden or Denmark, because of eas ier availability of drugs. They
have moved there to die, because they do not know about places where they could
get help, in these countries any more than in Finland.
We do indeed have quite a few people with drua p roble~: 5,000 drug addicts and
50,000 who e~cperiment with drugs. Drug puahing is happening all over Finland.
. A new wave of hashish is sweeping over the Nordic countries and the hard drugs
have come to stay. The United Nations are predicting that the 1980's will be the
worst decade of c~rug abuse ever.
The increase in internatioual drug trafficking has resulted in drugs being amug-
gled even into Finland in various ways. Nobody can say with certainty whether
the drug mafia is settled in Finland, or if it has stopped in our neighbor coun-
try to the wes t.
The golden triangle of Southeast Asia, Thailand, Laos and Burma, and nawadaya
especially Iran, Afghanistan and Pakietan as we 11 as Turkey of Europe and most
recently Mexico of South America produce per year hundrede of tons of illegal
crude opium and finished heroin for the drug markets of Europe and the United
_ 5eates.
Based on the amounts of druga aeized, the main drug countries of Europe are the
- Federal Republic of Germany, Holland, Denmark and Yugoslavia. According to
statistics the number of deaths caused by overdosage of drugs is higheat in the
Federal Republic of Germany, more than 600 per year.
Last year there were no deaths in Finland caused by overdoaea of the so-called
hard drugs, amphetamines and opiatea (heroin, morphine). Last year the number ~f
suicides that were clearly caused by overdoaea of inedicinal druga was 160. In ~
the beginning of the last decade the number of deaths cauaed by drugs was around
�10 each year.
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- The number of inedicine abusers is currently estimated to about 3,000 and the
number is 200 according to official statistics. In the years following World
War II there were about 400 heroin abusers in Finland. In the late 1960's only
150 of them were living.
The Finr_ish people prefe3- to use liq:icr and medicines t~ kill ~t'_;e~~:,~::~res rat'-er
than traditional drugs.
According to the new narcotics law that came into force in 1972 it is a criminal
offense to manufacture or let be manufactured, transport, trade, buy, sell, act
as an agent for, possess or use narcotics without permission. It is also a
criminal offense to give to someone else a drug prescription or another document
for which drugs can be obtained.
Our narcotics law is extremely atrict, becauae it is only in Finland, Norway and
- Greece, that even the use of drugs is a criminal offense. The longest sentence
for drug offenses in Finland is at the most 10 years, but in practice the ~ail
terms rarely exceed 3 years.
In HoiJ.snd and Denmark it is even legal to poeaess hashish for private use. The
liberal drug policies of these countries are continuously subject for dispute at
the international meetings on drug abuse.
According to the history of drugs opium was grown in Europe already 4,000 years
ago and the Chinese used mari.juana as an anesthetic 2,00~ years ago. Already
Homer wrote about opium and Herodotos wrote about hashish.
The Drug Roulette
In 1967 druga were seized in Finland for the first time and the narcotics group
of the criminal police was formed. Since then physicians and sociologista have
been writing about the drug aituation in Finland without being able to clarify
whether we hav~ a drug problem or not.
With th�: approach of an investigating journalist and with the support of a
"laudatur" degree, Sirkka Germain revealed in her report "The Drug Roulette Is
Going Around," that was published last year, that it ia a fact which has been
observed for a long time: drugs are a aerious youth problem in Finland.
Germain's book is the firet investigative work to understand the Finnish drug
youth within the environment that they live in. Iiow does a young person, who
has no job, who has no place to live and who is emotionally and physically
dependent on drugs, pay for his portion of drugs? Thxough stealing, of course.
- "Finland has transferred its drug problem Co Sweden and Denmark, where the worst
users of hard drugs are fcund. These drug emmigrants from Finland are truly
living outside society. Pleasant treatment cannot be received in Finland.
- Aftercare does not exist. The authorities are pleased as long as these young
people are off their lists," says Germain.
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- According to Germain there is a problem that is more serious than the phyaical
dependence,of the drug youth. That is ttie social spiral. Many young people were
so yo~g when they started to use drugs that they never had time to form any other
habits .
While Germain was working in Stockholm she became familiar with the drug spiral
of the Finnish drug youth and the dead end street to which it leada. There is
no place in Sweden where the Finniah drug addicts could receive treatment.
In Finland the young drug addicts do not try to get help, becauae they coneider
the treatment available completely useless. And even if the young addict would
get care in an institution, there would not be much chance thereafter to get a
job and a place to live. The drug roulette has started: treatueent, jail and
then release.
' "The young drug addict is alwaya cncertain. He always liea about his past. Above
all, the young drug addict needs community life and aince the establiehed society
- cannot offer that to him, the young peraon resorta to an artificial world of
drugs."
It is not possible to kill them either. And for what would these young people be
rehabilitated? For unemployment, to be homeless? The efficient society is only
- interested in its productive members. The above litany was the standard answer
of the Finnish social workers, who had confesaed that their work was waeted, when
Germain had asked them about the treatment of young drug addicts.
Stockholm
There are, according to statistics, around 500 Finnish drug addicts in SCockholm.
; They are generally heroin addicta, they have escaped from prieon and are wanted
by the police in Finland. It is estimated that there are even more Finnish drug
addicta in Copenhagen than in Stockholm.
' According to the young drug addicta and also according to the police, it is easier
to comtait burglaries in S~aeden and Denmark, and it is also easier to get drugs.
This is one reason why the woret abusere of hard druga have left Finland.
It ia estimated that the druga in Sweden swallow over 30 billion Swedish crowns,
in Finland more than a million Finniah marke.
Chief of the drug equad of the Central Criminal Police, police inepector Olli
, Weckman, is of the opinion that we cannot speak about a real drug problem as
compared to the other Nordic countriea. According to him, the situation has,
however, become worse, which is already ahown by the fact that beside the hashish
wave, amphetamines have also appeared on the market this fall, as well as heroin
and LSD, which has not been seen for a long time. The criminal police has in the
last 3 yeara found four amphetamin~e laboratories run by Finnish people.
During the hot drug periods of the 1960's the average age of the d~ug abusers was
17 yeara. In the beginning of the 1970's even 13-year-olds became abusers. In
- the 1980's the age range is higher up and according to Weckman the average age
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is nowadays between 18-24. Individuals of minor age, who are still in echool,
have ~oined.
According to Weckman it is relatively easy to get hold of hashish in Finland. ~he
way to harder drugs usually begins with hashish and it is known that Y~ashish mak,~:.�
brain cells degenerate. As far as is known these cells are not restored.
Some week ago the Finnish custams seized upon a record amount of hashish from
Thailand that had arr.ived as air freigizt. Can this last amount of over 50 kilo-
grams be a sign that the dr ug mafia is coming to Finland?
"It is possible, but it seems, though, as if the amount seized was not intended
for the Finnish drug markets. Maybe it is again a matrer of an effort to map out
such a situation," guesses Weckman.
The Finnish drug squad is among the laet police forces in the Western countriea
without the right to tap telephone calls. Weckman suspects that there may be a
fear in Finland that the right to secretly overhear telephone calls would be uaed
for other purposes than the inveatigation of crimes. In the other Nordic coun-
tries secret overhearing of telephone calls is very rigidly controlled.
The secret overhearing of telephone calls would, according to Weckman, be a means
to uncover the largest drug rings. The right t~ inspect diplomatic mail would
also be a welcome aid for the technieally deficient police. work.
,
A little less than half of the drug trafficking takes place in the capital includ-
ing the suburbs. According to chief of the narcotics office of the Hzlsinki crim-
inal police, Torsti Koskinen, the average drug abuser of the capital is between
20 and 26 years old and he uses a combination of liquor, medicines and druga, he
- is a student and he is from the highest social group. The relative number of
- women has increased significantly.
- "Those who get caught are generally drug distributors, not as frequently drug
abusers," Koskinen reminda.
"The Finnish unemployed, homeless, new im~aigrant, who does n~t speak Swedish, is
_ at the first handshaking offered free tastes of hashish in Kungatradgarden of
Stockholm. This way the young person gets into the drug busineas. After the
hashish follows 'piri' or amphetaminee and in case heroin is available, the
future drug addict has determined his futuYe," says editor Petteri Vaananen,
producer of the drug report on television last Sunday, that stirred so much
coum~otion. T'wo Finnish drug addicts that live in Stockholm were interviewed on
the show.
A heroin addict can expect to live for 10 yeara on the average. Around 50 indi-
viduals die each year in Stockholm due to overdoses of heroin. .
The drug statistics depend on how active the police are. The police get informa-
' tion about only around 5 percent of all drug crimes.
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Last year 1,076 drug crimes took place in Finland, drugs were seized 164 times
aad there were 13 drug store burglaries. Elevea k~lograms of cannabis were
aeized and a few grama of heroin. The Swediah drug police seized 719 kilograme
of h~shish laet year. That ia a tremendoue difference as compared to us.
Heroin ha~ an estgbliahed poaition in Denmark and Sweden. According to the
Nordic Council the collaboration between the member couatries leavee a lot to be
desired with regard to the fight a�~jainet the drug problem. The council has
actually reconanended that the legielation be made more uaiform, that the police
and the cuatoms get more manpower and that there be a rein troduction of the
requirement that the passporte be etamped for traveling f rom one Nordic country
to another.
Drug Trafficking on the Streete of Helainki
Jaska, 32, is one of the beat knowri drug people in Heleinki. He has apent 5 years
in ~ail for aelling heroin and ampt?etaminea, substances that he onc~ used hin~aelf.
According to Jaska, drug trafficking ie taking place in Finland juet like it did
in the past yeara, although it hae moved from the etreeta indoors. There are,
however, esceptions, especially in the a:ea around the Erotta~a. It is poasible
tn get hold of heroin, although of a low quality, as long as you lcnow where to go,
whom to ask.
"''L'he police get their teeth into the amateurs, the drip users, the achool children
who smoke their first hashiah joints as an experiment in the park of the Parlia-
ment building."
During one period of his life Jaeka went through all the possible institutiona
for treatment of drug abuaers that there are in Finland, Jarvenpaa, Pena, the
- Helsinki Youth Station, the Junea commune and the Heaperia Hospital. Noae of
these helped.
"It was of courae good to hang around in these places before getting before the
judges. The treatment inatitutions are worthlese in Finland and the treatment
series auffer from lack of competence. The therapieta talk about the lamb's head.
Of course they are a little dit clever when they try to extract complexes and
~ impotence. The biggest problem ie that they know nothing about the drug addicts'
world
Jaska has calmed down by now. As seen from the outside, his life aeems to be in
order, he has a wife, and a firstborn, who is a daughter. What takes place inside
the former ~ailbird, drug addict, the citizen who has been through hard times,
is less predictable.
"Justice never wins in thia world. Even ineide the prisona the guards respect
only the 'big criminals,' swindlers and the like. To them a drug addict ia slime
and you feel that."
After the Dolorex hassle the oldest drug addicta have, according to Jaska, died
like cockroaches. Those who used to use rex (Dolorex), are now alcoholics, Jaska
does not drink liquor himself, because it only gives you a bad poature.
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= o~o
Oso sits together with his girlfriend on a sofa in a basement room in Eira. This
ig where the people who vegetate get together, the defenders of budding youth,
= representatives of the counterculture, the writers of the UUDEN AJAN AURA paper
and their supporters..
Oso is a 31-year-old former drug addict, who started his experimenting with
hashish during the golden age of the hippie movement, he used amphetamines naw
and then, as well as medicines. Nowadays he smokes "only hashish" in the company
of good friends.
"Why drugs? People become alienated in this society, because people are not
allowed to live in accordance with their o~a nature, their own psychological
needs. No animal species deatroys the earth like the human beings do," says Oso,
- who has read Santeri Alkio philosophically, theosophically.
As a way to treat drug addicts Oso *.vould like to use the old Nordic village
municipality as a model, wherein the drug addicta live together with other people
and work as much as they are able to. They would gradually reach the same inner
world as they do when under the effect of drugs.
Oso and his friends do not support the uae of drugs. Despite this Oso would like
to legalize hashish and mari~uana, knowing very well what the large ma~ority of
the Finnish people think of such a proposal. After~his years of drifting, suici-
dal thoughts and living under a boat, Oso has decided to get along with today's
society, although he has not adjusted to it.
Heli
Heli is a 55-yeaz-old former heroin addict living in Helsinki, a former victim of
the Dolorex hearings. For decades Dolorex was the medicine abused by our drug
addicts. Now this disputed drug has been removed from the market and it can no
longer be obtained from the apothecaries of Finland.
"I started uaing heroin together with my husband right after the war. In 1955 I
seriously tried to stop my heroin shots at Nikkila, where excellent therapy was
available. You could get insuline and good food at Nikkila. We did a lot of
- skiing and the family was allowed to visit. It is no longer possible to get any
good treatment. They are so deviliehly harah even at Heaperia."
In Heli's opinion Dolorex ie not a narcotic, but an anesthetic, a pain killer.
Rex does not make you high, it helps and aoothes.
"The Dolorex trial was awful. We were not even allowed to defend ourselves. Old
drug addicts like us die nowadays while standing up. The doctors give Diapam
instead of rex, but it doea not help at all, of course. They should have ahot
them doFan inste~i, why torture old drug addicta."
Tha trial was such a hard blow for Heli that she decided to give up the hard druga.
She l~as so far stood behind her decision. .
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Sami
Minna is sitting in the Old Church Park of Helsinki, the Plague Park on a bench
beside a person with whom she has had the only huma.n relationship in~her life,
Sami. Som~e hours earlier he had met his friend in the restroom of the Erottaja
kiosk. The friend had r~turne3 from the Staeden shuttle ship and Sami had bought
a heroin shot from him with 1,000 marks.
In the middle of the street crowds of Helainkil Within a stone's throw from the
narcotics police! Just a hundred meters from the former drug park and the drug
barl
, The narcotics advisory coum~ittee could for a change take a tour around the Plague
Park that has been sobered up and then forgoCten, around the Erottaja, the railway
station, a tour through Espoo, visit the Turku County Jail, Malmskilln3dsgatan ir
Stockholm, Christiania in Copenhagen and count on their fingers how many thousands
- of Finnish drug addicts they see.
The Treatment for Drug Abusers Is Down and Out
The narcotics committee presented their 200-page-3.ong rer~ort in 1969. The nar-
cotics advisory committee, formed 2 years later, put to~ether their proposal for
_ developing treatment for addicts of narcotics and medicines.
- What has happened? Nothing. The lack of municipal treatment places for drug
addicts is chronic.
In 1969 the psychologists' association joined associate professor Kettil Bruun
- in his controversial opinion that only the possession of drugs for distribution
purposes, not at all the use of drugs, would be a criminal offense. The amend-
ment propnsed by the committee would, according to. th~e psychologists, brfng the
young drug addicts, who need treatment, into prison.
Has this actually taken place? Yes.
Nowadays about 10 drug addict patients, a fraction of the actual number, are
admi.tted to the municipal treatment institutions, the a-clinics, the youth
- dispensariea and the psychiatr::Lc hospitals each ~ear.
Only the police records report several thousand pure narcotics addicts. In the
prisons about 50 problem narcot~.cs addicts sit who are in need of treatment.
Treatment is not obligatory for e narcotics addict in Finland. A young c3rug
addict can, however, under the "direction" of the police and the social inspec-
- tor, be passed on to an inatitution to sober up. Withdrawal treatxnent ia usually
not practiced in Finnish hospitals. The Hesperia hospital in Helsinki admits,
_ in exceptional cases, one drug abuaer at a time for withdrawal treatment.
~ The Hesperia dispensary has for about 20 years provided so-called methadone
treatment, whereby attempts are made to get narcotics addicts to withdraw from
_ drugs through daily administration of a specific amount of drugs, usually
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methadone mixed with ~uice. Methadone is the moat common withdrawal and substitu-
tion drug for narcotiCa addicts used in the world.
~fiis fall three citizens are drinking Kesperia's methadone ~uice. The number of
. applicants for the ~uice line is severalfold larger.
If you study the actual numbers to evaluate the success of the treatment o~ tihe
young drug addicts, the person who has accomplished the most is the former
- deacon, now someone who thinks he can make the world a better_ place, Aulis Junes,
chief of the Arkadia youth clinic ar.d its founder. .
Junes' group which for 12 years has been working in different locations of the `
capital, nowadays centered at Linnunlaulutie, does not treat intoxicated young
people or young drug addicts with pills but instead with work and fellowohip.
The work community of Arkadia conaiats of 10 people who make a living by
collecting rags and with flea market activitiea in the large old wooden building,
and they give each other support. Forty-five percent of the Arkadia individuals
have returned to norm~l life in saciety. , ~
"Society's biggest mistake is to consider drug abuse a mental disease. The
Finnish treatment insti.tutions want only customere who stay for the rest of their
lives in agreemenC. with the model provided by the revivalist ~ovementa. That is
what is called mental hospitalization. The best treatment for the young drug
- addicts is a syatem w~herein they help themselves, sane farmers' ethics," asaures
Junes.
According to Aulis Junes the drug-addicted poor have moved to Swed~en and Denmark,
the wealthier drug addicts have moved to West Germany. Big news are the cannabis
products that are smuggled from the United States. Many a mother has called up
- Junes, startled, when she has noticed that her child, who has been a student in
the United States, is using drugs when returning to Finland.
"More serious than the drug problem is the problem regarding where young people
= live. It is a shame to put children into basementa, since they are meant far
storing potatoes. Punke do not use drugs. To brand their hangoat the Bat Cave
was simply a craving for sensation on the part of the co~nercial press," said
Junes.
9662
_ CSO: 5300/2090
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FINLAND
NEW PRESCRIPTION LAW TO CONTROL NARCOTICS IN EFFECT
Helsinki UUSI SUOMI in Finnish 17 Nov 81 p 11
[Article by Jaakko LehtinenJ
~[Text] There will be new regulations for prescriptions from the beginning of next
year. The altered prescription regulations or the directions for prescribing
medicine and delivery of inedicine will make it significantly harder to prescribe
narcotica and medicines that affect the central nervous syatem.
There are changes also in the regulations concerning liquor and medicines that
contain alcohol.
Otherwise the regulations have been adjusted only when it has been proven diffi-
cult to interpret a regulation, according to a spokesman for the National Board
of Health.
As in the past, the physician is allowed to prescribe medicines only to a person
whose disease he himself has diagnosed. The prescription should usually be given
- in writing, but sometimes in exceptional cases, over the telephone.
The amount of inedicine that can be prescribed may correspond only to 1 year of
treatment.
A new rule ia that it ia not permitted to use a preacription with the name of
the medicine printed or stamped onto the form.
It is emQhasized in the regulations that the purpose of the drug ahould always be
specified on the prescription. There muet be a very particular reason for such
a specification to be excluded.
Narcotics Must Not Be Prescribed Over the Teiephone
The physician should always give the patient sufficient information regarding the
purpose of the medicine, ~ts use, its aide eff~cts ~nd possible harmful effects,
_ far example, the effect on driving.
In a telephone prescription the amount of inedicine should be limited to the mini-
mum. Certain substanc~s cannot be prescribed over the telephone, including actual
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- narcotics. medicines that require an original prescription, alcohol, medicinal
, brandy, m~c~icinal wine and rubbing alcohol.
Alcohol Prescriptions Hard To Get
The physicians no longer easily give out the al~ohol prescriptions that the farm-
ers in the country used to want--no matter how sick they might be.
With~n certain limtts the physici3n has the right to prescribe alcohol for the
- patient "for external use."
According to the regulations alcohol can be prescribed only in cases when the
physician determines that he cannot prescribe any other substance because of the
possible side effects.
Concentrated alcohol (spiritus forte) should when possible be replaceci by rubbing
alcohol.
Maximum 200 g Medicinal Brandy
The amount of alcohol prescribed by a physic~.an must not exceed an average of
1,000 g per month based on half-yearly calculations.
The prescriptions for spirit, medicinal brandy, medicinal wine and rubbing alco-
hol remain in the apothecary, where they are stored for 10 years.
The physician should keep records about for whom, for what purpose, and how much
alcohol or other medicine containing alcohol he has prescribed.
The maximum amount of inedicinal brandy that can be prescribed with one prescrip-
tion is 200 g. The amounts of inedicinal wine and rubbing alcohol are not limited.
A bachelor of inedicine can prescribe spirit and medicines containing alcohol
only to patients .
Strict Regulations for Narcotica
- The new directions have special emphasis on narcotics regulations.
It is usually atated that when actual narcotics are prescribed the physician
should be especially careful. The drug must not be prescribed for a patient whom
the physician does not know.
Narcotics should further always be prescribed in writing on a special narcotics
prescription form. On the preacription should also be inCluded the personal
identification and the address.
Similar regulations apply to the prescribing of apecial medicines that affect
the central nervous system (the PKV special preparations).
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- Stricter Attitude Toward Falsifications
- Agothecary Pentti Saari of the Univeraity Pharmacy is of the opinion that i~ was
a necessary and pertinent measure to reform and adjust the regulatioas for the
- prescription of drugs.
"Many useful and good mattera have beea taken into account in the amendmeat."
_ Becauae of the new regulations regarding the aelling of drugs the ambiguities
of the prescriptions are reduced and the pstients get the right amounts of the
right medicine with more certainty than before.
"Only practice will ahow what effect the reformed regulationa will have oa pre-.
venting the attempta to forge prescriptions. Such tricks are not uacoam~on nowa~
days . .
"For exa~aple in our pharmacy a few falsifications per year are uncovered."
~ The Physicians'. Handwriting Continues To Be a Problem
"The prescription written by a phyeician ie not always clear and unambiguoue, as
it absolutely ehould be," etate phyaiciana Timo Klaukka and Heiltki Karppanen in
the newest issue of LAAKARILEHTI.
"Unclear handwriting is often a fact. The matter is, however, often helped by
the fact that the physiciana use a clear stamp to clarify the names," ea~~
apothecary Saari.
"When the name of a drug is unclearly written the patient may get a completely
different medicine than the one that the physician intended," Klaukka and
Karppanen point out. .
9662
CSO: 5300/2090
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FRANCE
BRIEFS
DRUG SEIZURE--Nine kilos of drugs have been seized in Sete. Police have
arrested a Spaniard who was transporting eight kiloa of cannabis oil and one
kilo of reain concealed in the bodywork of his car. He had come on a car-ferry
from Moroc~o. The druga were worth about 350,000 francs. [LD070246 Paris
Domestic Service in French 1100 GMT 6 Jan 82J
CSO: 5300/2118
~
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~ NETHERLANDS
METHADONE DISTRIBUTION IN AMSTERDAM VIEWED
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedieh 4 Dec 81 p 36 .
[Article by Lotta Schullerqvist]
[Text] In Amsterdam there are up to 7,000 heavy drug abusers.
Heroin is sold at almoet every street corner.
The authorities, in order to try to reduce crime, offer methadone--a synthetic
morphine--to addicts instead of the expensive, illegal narcotic.
Buses drive around between different p]aces to where addicts can come and get
their daily dose. When the pro~ect is fully in operation, 1,000 addicts will get
methadone in this manner.
Amsterdam was at the beginning of the seventiea a refuge c~nter for the hippie
generation hashieh snwkers; the liberal Dutch narcotic policy permitted the open
uae of different drugs.
_ "A f ew years ago the government realized that the aoft line toward misuse was no
longer feasible. Addicts only increased. Robberies, thefts and prostitution made
the streeta more and more insecure. Ameterdam's reputation as a touriat town was
in danger. In order to try to.arreat this development, we decided to go in for a
big methadone program," Dua Fabius and Etienne Huberts say. They work at the
Amaterdam's municipal health service adminietration and are responaible far
planning the methadone pro~ect.
Reaching More
"With methadone we reach a larger segment of addicts than with individual-oriented
care which aims toward freedom from drugs. Those individuals who are not
motivated to end their narcotic addiction control their dependence on drugs
`through methadone and avoid using all their waking hours to hunt for heroin."
Methadone has been used i~tDutch narcotics care during most of the seventies, both
at institutions and by family doctora who write i~rescriptions for individual
. addicta .
- The first project ueing buses bringing methadone treatment to reach immigrant
groups who did not a~ek a doctor or other care was s~:arted a f ew years ago.
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Later prostitutes received treatment thie way since they did not generally seek
the usual care.
'The bus program was expanded still further this summer. One thousand addicts
can now get their daily dose from one of the two buses which drive around '~etweer.
definite "stops."
A doctor's certificate or an examination and an interview at one of the methadone
~ program's four open correctional centers for addicts is required to get into the
program. Therz is no age limit and no requirement to be clean of drugs to get
into the program, but on the other hand at least 4 years of addiction.
The individual who needs something more than methadone is referred from the buses
to the open correctional reception centers where there are, in addition to
- doctors, psychologists and social workers.
Must Want To
"About half the people who come to the busea ask for social help. But only a
fifth seriously want to end their addictiori. We pin much of our hope on them,
b~it for those who don't want to, we can't do more than give them methadone," says
Ernest Buning, who is a psychologist and coordinator at one of the open
_ correctional reception centers. i
One can be referred by the reception center to treatment or to some social help ~
organization. In Holland there is no socialized medicine. It is handled by ,
private foundations, often with church organizations behind them. The munici- ~
palities and institutions purchase the services of the foundations for the ~
citizens. '
- Such a founclation is "De Regenboog," the Rainbow, which conducts social field ~
work, provides narcotics information, contacts parents and family, and after-care
for addicts. Marjolyn Keesmaat, a field worker, relates:
"We work primarily in the addic~s' own enviranment and try to help them survive.
We take no responsibility for their lives but try to get them to do that t'nem-
selves. Those who want to can stop the habit and get support, but we don't try
to convince anyone--that is fruitless. To thoee people who want to be free of
narcotics, we try to give more comfortable life, among other ways by helping
them with methadone."
Mar~olyn does not regard methadone as a narcotic but as a medicine for withdrawal.
Critical
The social workers can refer those people who want to stop their habit to a
' treatment institution. One of the largest in Holland is the Jellinek Center
which has a number of counseling, detoxifying and treatment clinics, and
after-care homes for both alcoholics and narcotics addicts.
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Erik Grannat works in one of the advising offices for addicts:
"We are critical in regard to the methadone buses. There, a strong drug is handed
out free, and the drug abuser is allowed to remain in his old environment. There
is no way of determining if all who come to the buses really need methadone. It
happens that 14-15 year olds obtain methadone there and that is completely
crazy: it creates a strong dependence.
"Methadone is an effective way to keep addicts under control and to give the town
a nice appearance. But one is risking making thousands into legal addicts for
life. Politically, it is profitable to put a1Z the money in methadone instead of
in the care which can really help addicts. It looks like something is finally
being done.
6893
CSO: 5300/2095
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NORWAY
CUSTOMS SERVICE REPORTS BIG INCREASE IN DRUG SEIZURES
Oslo ARBEIDERBLADET in Norwegian 21 Nov 81 p 9
[Article by Jarit Jahreie]
[Text] The Customs Service has so far this year confiscated 31 percent more
narcotics than for the same period last year. The quantity is increasing from
year to year. The year's confiscation has a value of about 5 million kroner on the
open market. The confiacation of liquor and wine has also increased over last
_ year's. And the gigantic confiecation at Nosodden is not taken into account.
That will make a big impact on the year's atatistics.
"It can be na~urally concluded that there is more smuggling now than before. But I
hope and believe that the big confiscations are due to more effective inspection.
tn any case, custom inspections have been increased, says consultant Vidar
Vestreng in the Customs Service to ARBEIDERBLADET.
There were, in regard to narcotics9 166 confiscations by 31 October last year.
- For the same period this year the number is 219.
The ~reatest increasE~ has been in the cannabis group which includes marijuana and
hashish. Here it has doubled in comparison with last year. The cannabis
confiscations amount to ~ust under 5 million kroner on the open market. There has
not been any noticeable increase in regard to "hard stuff" like heroin. Thirty-
five grans have been confiscated up to n~w. According to police figures, a gram
of heroin costs 5000 kroner on th~ street.
"It was not long ago that a confiscation of 10 to 15 grams of hashish made the
press. Today it is nothing to talk about any longer. Five to 10 grams is
~ unfortunately a daily occurrence," Veatreng says.
"Where do most of the confiscations take place?"
"On the ferries, first of all the Denmark boats, and after that air and mail. I
have the impression that small quantities do come from neighboring countries, but
the greatest part comes from far away. The biggest confiscation this year was in
Bergen. Here, we got 9.7 kilograms which came from Brazil. Five grams was
cocaine, which at the moment is little known in Norway, and which we hope we can
keep outside our borders, "Vestreng says.
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Hard Liquor and Wine
In regard to liquor the Customs Service had confiscated about 6,000 liters hard
lic~uor and 4,000 liters wine before the gigantic confiscation last Wednesday
at Nesodden. Last year the corresponding figurea were 5,100 liters hard liquor
and 2,100 liters wine.
"The confiscation at Nesodden has not been totaled up, but it will involve probably
about 10,000 bottles. I cannot really recall our coming acrose auch a large
quantity in recent times, and the confiscation will materially affect the year'e
- statistics, "first consultant Vestreng says.
"Is it largely small-scale amugglers you apprehend, Vestreng?"
"The number of confiscations as of 3Q September was 14,000. It is largely people
who try to take in three to four bottles over the legal quota. We confiscate the
largest quantities on freighteia and fiahing boats. There are perhaps 8 to 10
'men on board who take along about 100 bottlea for distribution. On the whole,
quite a bit is smuggled in along the whole coast, "Vidar Veatreng says.
6893
CSO: 5300/2093
I
i
i
I ~
~
I
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NORWAY
STORTING APPROVES MEASURES TO COMBAT NARCOTICS
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 24 Nov 81 p 11
[Text] The Storting yesterday gave a green light to the government: New strong
efforts will be made to get at the narcotics problem. A new all out campaign
against narcotics costing five million kroner will be put into effect. Mona
- Rikke, the minister of justice, informed the Storting yesterday that the tough
plan against narcotics which the Storting's ~udicial co~ittee has requested will
be formulated by the undersecretary's committee which will handle child and youth
questions.
- The Storting granted late yeaterday evening an extra appropriation totaling
some 17.8 million kroner to the current year's budget for the narcotics measure.
- The funds will be used in the aforementioned tough campaign, to increase the
resources of the municipalities, for the police and the prison system to have
increased funds, at the same time that the Customs Service will obtain funds for
new technical equipment to lninder the smuggling of narcotics into Norway. The
Storting voted unanimously for the proposed appropriations.
Mona Rokke, minister of ~ustice, and Helen Bosterud (Labor), chairperson of the
Storting's ~udicial committee, emphasized that ateps must be taken on the
preventive levelcabi~netnminister pointedboutrthattmuchrseriousngrimecfollowsWin
narcotics. The
the wake of narcotics, including proatitution.
All substances are dangerous. Like her fellow party member Morten Steenstrup,
who is chairman for the matter in the Storting, the minister of ~ustice pointed
- out even small doses of hashiah are dedgstron.l emphasizesathisined that the
tough campaign which is to be initiat 8 Y
6893
CSO: 5300/2903
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NORWAY
THREE ARRESTED IN HASHISH SMUGGLING CASE
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 26 Nov 81 p 13
[Text] A Norwegian, an Englishman and a Canadian woman are in custody after the
narcotics police in Oslo uncovered a hashish ring in the capital last month. Nine
other people were arrested and placed in cuetody as minor distributors, but they
have now been set free. The Englishman is charged with having brought about 10
kilograms of hashish into Norway from Pakistan, while the Norwegian has confessed
to selling the hashish. The woman denies she is guilty. They are all indicted in
accordance with paragraph 162 of the criminal law, the so-called "professional
paragraph."
It was in the beginning of October that police investigators began to keep a watch
oti an apartment in Oslo, and on 21 October the police struck and aearched the
apartment. ~ro kilograma of hashish was found there. At the same time, nine
people visiting the apartment were arrested, including the Englishman who is 34
years old. The apartment owner, a 32-year-old Norwegian, was also arreated.
Except for the Englishman, the other viaitors were regarded as minor distributors.
They came to the apartment to get stuff for further sale and for their own use.
They were aged 20 to 35.
The Englishman had with him a kilogram of hashish when he was aeized. He was
living at a hotel in Oslo, and the police found, during a search of the room, an
additional 4.7 kilograms of hashish. During the search of the room of a 43-year-
old Canadian woman who lived at the same hotel, the police found 12'1,500 kroner
in cash, most of it in IVorwegian kroner but also some British pounds. The woman
admitted that she was safeguarding the money for tne Englishman but says that she
did not assume that it came from the sale of narcotics. The money is payment for
~ the two kilograms of hashish which was confiscated in the Norwegian's apartment.
The police have also examined the bankbooks of the Norwegi~an but they have not
found anything which they can connect with the narcotics sale.
The Englishman admitted at the hearing that he has amuggled in about 10 kilo-
grams of hashish from Pakistan. He flew from Pakiatan to Amsterdam and from there
on to Fornebu. The hashiah was hidden in a trunk rritti a double bottom. He said
he f ixed up the trunk himaelf and it took him a couple of days to make the
double bottom.
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The 32-year-old Norwegian is known to the police and he has previously been
sentenced to prison but not for narcotics violations. The Englishman has not
been previously sentenced in Norway, but he was, together with two countrymen,
arrested in Paris in 1973. They had then in their possession 24 kilograms of
hashish. The Canadtan woman is unkna~n in connection with narcotics. She stated
she was in Norway on a vacation and by chance met the Englishman. ~
Hashish is now sold in Oslo o;. the street for 100 kroner per gram, while it is
sold in larger quantities to minor distributors for roughtly 40,000 kroner a kilo- .
gram. The matter is under continued invest3gation, and for the time being indict-
ments have not been made.
6893 .
- CSO: 5300/2093
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SWEDEN
CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION WANTS COMPUTERS FOR DRUGS CONTROL
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 30 Nov 81 p 9
[Article by Sune Olofson]
[Text] The customs adminietration has been waiting for 5 years for two computer
terminals to be used in the fight against narcotics.
- Customs wants to place one terminal in its central administrative headquarters, the
other at the liason center in Stockholm. This request was already made in 1977.
The customs administration is, in light of the extent of narcotics smuggling, asking
- the government that four additional data terminals acquired and placed in the cus-
toms stations in Helsingborg, Arlanda, Malmo and Goteborg.
1 The customs administration wants all six to be tied into the national police board's
data register. This would mean that tk~e customs personnel would have direct access
to the police register of individuals under suspicion in connection with narcotics.
Quick Information
~ "We need quick inf ormation in now and then hard-presaed situationa," says section
- chief Sigvard Falkenland, chief of the customs section in the general customs
' administration.
"A steady stream of travellers comes tQ our country. Many of them bring along
. naxcotics. The customs administration has difficulty catching these peonle without
- access to ~>>ick data cor~trol."
There exists within the national police a certain reluctance to divest themselves
of the reconnaissance support which their register of charges possesses.
"At the same time, we realize that society must make fts fight against narcotics
more effective. We shall investigate the advantages and disadvantages in.volved in
this. I am in principle in favor of the proposal, "says Police Chief Holger
Romander.
"It is our intention that only customs ~fficials concerned with crime will have
access to the data inf ormation," says Sigvard Falkenland.
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The cost of the eix terminals is estimated to be 185,000 kroner, the operating costs
325,000 per year.
The data term.nals thus check not only persons but also the recipients of goods, and
firms. The question of respecting the integrity of the people is thus vital.
The Question of Integrity
"Just as soon as anyone asks for data there is always someone who will ~ump'up and
talk about integrity," says Tord Rorhamn, chief of the customs administration's data
processing section.
~ "Here it is a question of the integrity of the narcotics smuggler or the health
and future of our children. The politicans have never taken a stand on this
- question."
- The government, the department of commerce, will have to decide this quee;tion after �
_ a reply from the nationa 1 police.
- "The government regards increased cooperation between the police and the customs
administration as necessary if we are to solve the narcotics question," says
' Minister of Commerce B3orn Molin. "Since we are at the moment working on the bu~get,
I can not say whether the cus~oms administration will get its data terminals,
it is the government's intention to give priority to the fight against narcotics."
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' SWEDEN
- SL'CCESSFUL POLICE OFFENSIVE AGAINST PUSHERS TO CONTINUE �
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 4 Dec 81 p 15 ,
[Article by Per-Erik Lagerqviat] ~
[T ext] The 5-week long police offenaive, above all in Stockholm, Goteborg and Malmo
in pursuit of sellers and buyers of narcotics, has resulted in so many confiscations
- that the partic ipants in the extensive sweep are anticipating good progress next
year .
"Then we will b e in a better situation in regard to the externa~l conditions. Then
' a large part of the business will be outdoors. We have been handicapped, since
' most of the dealers conduct 5usineas indoors," says Tommy Lindstrom of the national
~ police board.
Last autumn the national police board urged all provincial police chiefs and the
i p olice chiefs in Stockholm, Goteborg and Malmo to go into action to get at the
~ minor peddlers of narcotics.
-f
i "We have noted a tapering-off," said Holger Romander, the national police chief.
~ Unknown in Goteborg
i
-I The first offenaive began on 15 October in Goteborg, where bars, youth centers,
~ schools and the hangouts of addicts were above all the ob~ecta of raids.
I
~ " I am suprised that, to a large degree, a completely unknown clientele was involved,"
~ says Police Commissioner Lennart Lindman in Goteborg, after 140 pushers had been
apprehended, with fewer than 10~ of them under 20 years of age, and very few over
_ 30.
A total of 84 seizures were made in Goteborg. Hashish and amphetamines were chiefly
confiscated.
Victims in Stockholm
"We anticipated the national police board's directive," says Police Superintendent
- Olle Iarsaon of the Stockholm police. "Already in the late summer we formed a
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narcotica group of 30 people, whose ~ob, among other things, was to destroy the
market for pushers. The group a{med at the victims."
In Stockholm at present r_1;z ninnber of incidents is ~ust under 10 a day. A normal
ntunber for this time of the year, according to Larsson.
Intensive Action In Malmo
Malmo started its narcotics offensive on 2 November and it ends today, 4 December.
It has been 5 exceedingly active weeks.
- "We have had a total of 16 men in acti_~n," commissioner Nils-Erik Lindheim of the
Malmo police relates.
Since the ma~ority of the police is relatively new recruits and young, the commando
action has been called "mini search."
Raids have been made against hangouts of narcotic addicts, schools, recreational
parKS and discoteques. The results are regarded ae completely satisfactnry.
Since the start Commissioner Holger Herven has aeized several kilograms of canabis
and hashish, as well as goodly amounts of liquor and stolen goods, worth millions
of kroner.
~ "Shaken Up"
"There is no doubt that we have shaken up the pusher connections considerably.
'Mini-search' has indeed done a 3ob.
'Mini-search' will now be ~reduced �or a while. But since it is a matter of manpower
available in the Malmo police, a new act3on ceuld be mounted with very short noCice..
"We shall have a lot going after the new year. The difference ~will be that this
time we won't make announcements when we push the start button."
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CSO: 5300/2097
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SWEDEN
INTERNATIONAL GANG BROKEN; SMUGGLID HEROIN, HASHISH
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 8 Dec 81 p 5
- [Artiele by Leif Dahlin]
[Text] At about 3 o'clock on Sunday afternoon on 24 August last year two surveil- ~
lance officers from the Huddinge criminal police knocked on the door of a young
- Syrian in an apartment in Flemingaberg. The man opened the door and took a com-
pletely uncooperative attitude towarda the visit of the police.
They explained to him that he was to be queationed concerning peddling narcotics to
school youth in Flemingsberg and by the Huddinge hoapital.
The surveillance men, who regarded theae events as a routine, could not in their
wildest fantasy have ~.magined that their action would be the beginning of one of
the most extensive narcotics' cases that has been unravelled in the country.
Since then 16 months will soon have passed, and the~police have not yet seen the
end of the tangle with links to India, Syria, Lebanon, Morocco, Colombia, England
and Holland.
There have been up to the prebent 80 arrests. Sixty-five of them have led to
- imprisonment. Some 50 people have been sentenced. One has received an 8-year ~
prison sentence, another 7 years, a third 6 years, a fourth 5 years, and others,
imprisonment for varying years. Only one has been released.
The gang dealt iri considerably larger quantities of narcotics than could be rroven,
and it is not exactly crumbs: 7 kilograms of heroin, between 200 and 300 kilograms
of mari~uana P.nd cannabia and 2 kilograms cocaine, with a ao-called black market
value of mor~a than 40 million kroner.
The chief of the Huddinge criminal police, Commisaioner Gunnar Hellgren says.
_ "It act;ially beg~n with our getting telephone calls from concerned parents in the
Flemingsberg housing area. School children were buying narcotics with their
allo~rances . "
Th~a interrogation of the young Syrian began on 25 August 1980. He denies any crime.
. T~ze investigators found in his apartment a passport isaued to a Swede. The photo-
graph was torn out. The police was successful in finding the Swede at an address
in Skane. He admits to knowing the pusher, and the suspicion of the police that
the pu~her had been selling hashish to young people in achool was atrengthened.
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The pusher began to make admissions, and it was soon apparent that he was working
together with a number of his countrymen in the southern suburbs. Arrests occurred
one after the other. By the middle of September some 20 people had been arrested.
The trail leads further to two Lebanese brothers, and in the middle of October the .
police strike. One hundred thousand kroner in cash were found in tlne brothers
apartment in Huddinge.
The brothers had previously gone into a bank in Holland. They opened a bag contain-
ing 600,000 kroner. The bank assisted them in putting the money in a Swedish
account. The money was used later to purchase trucks and motors which were shipped
to I,ebanon and sold there at a large profit.
Huge Cargo
In connection with this raid three others were arrested in absentia. They are wanted
internationally, suspected of trying to smuggle 4 tons of marijuana into the United
States. The men are also said to have had plans to smuggle large cargos of narcotics
from Colombia to E~rope in specially-equipped ves sels.
Around 10 October the police found a hiding plac e for narcotics in a cellar in
Trangsund outs~.de Stockholm. Large wooden boxes which had been shipped in con-
tainers on a ship from Colombia to the free port were empty. ~ao hundred kilograms .
of marijuana were on the narcotics mar.ket.
Only DAGENS NYHETER carried the news on 15 October, and one of the individuals in-
volved who had not yet been apprehended got the shakes when he saw the headlines.
A later transcript of the investigation reads:
"0 even remembers that on the day when the headlines stated that the police had
found the hiding place in Trangsund he was on the way to a cafe near his work
_ together with H. They looked at the headlines, and whan they entered the cafe,
H read DAGENS NYHETER. H became 'greatly wrought up.' 0 had to order H's brealc-
fast. 0 asked H if this was the same grass w3.th wh:.ch liwas involved and got back
_ a nod. H was morose because they had not gotten rid of the boxes.... Later on the
same day 0 went home to H after work.
"He hears H and G then talk about the marijuana. He says that he has to travel to
Copenhagen immediately to telzphone from there the contact man in C~lombia. To the
question as to why he had to go to Copenhagen to telephone, H replies that a call
must be ordered, and H does not dare do eo in Sweden. 0 then realizes that the
call involvea atopping further shipment of mari~ uana."
, A Ton of Narcotice
Commissioner. Gunnar Hellgran continues:
"The shigment which was stopped after the men b ecame frightened by the headline in
DAGENS NYHETER involved a ton of mari~uana. The men, who are now serving 7 and 5
year prison terms respectively were also found guilty of this premeditate3 crim~.
It wa~ fortunate that this big quantity neve~t came here, worth, by the way, tens
of millions of kroner.
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On 2 December three ~~~edes were apprehended at King's Bend in Huddinge. They were
going on a aki trip to Italy. All are involved in the mari~uana smuggling. The
police obtained at che hearing information that the gang was invoived with cocaine.
The trail led further to a gang of Englishmen who established themselves in the
heroin market. Already 2 years ago one of them came here. Iie rented a villa in
Akers Runo. A Swede became his closest sales contact. With sole rights the Swede
sold 5 kilograms of heroin to the Englishman.
- At one o'clock at night on 2 June this year the police raided the villa in Akers.
Three Englishmen were arrested, and 8 kilograms of hashish were confiscated.
These men made so much money in their dealing that they planned to buy an apartment
house in their own country. Their intention was to live off the rent.. At the pre-
trial hearing--the 1ega1 proceedings have ~ust begun--the police begin to suspect
two Englishmen in their home country.
One of them is out on bail of 200,000 kroner in anticipation of the extradition
action in January next year. One of the Swedish inveatigators believes he has
evidence that the men smuggled large quantitiea of heroin from Holland in specially
constructed bags.
During the whole investigation the police and prosecutor commuted between Huddinge
and Visby. The first contingent was placed in the prison in Visby because of space
considerations. For practical reasons of investigation, more and more have been
added so that the Huddinge police 'rese~ved' almost a?1 the cells in the Visby
prison in the course of a year.
One of the Englishmen already arrested purchased in November 1980 half a kilogram
of heroin in Amsterdam. He put the narcotics in a rubber tuee in a so-called tube-
! less tire on his motorcycle. Then he drove the long way to Jonkoping.
When he was going to take out the contenta of the uninflated inner tube, he found
to his grief that the rubber, plast~c and heroin were in one ~umble. He called his
countrymen in Akers Runo. They traveled to Jonkoping to determine that the man was
not lying. Again back to the villa in Akers Runo. They cooked the whole mess,
! filtered it, and produced a heroin product which was purer than the original.
i
Secr.et Letter
Just as the investigation concerning one of theae Englishmen was almuat complete,
the personnel in the Visby prison found a letter. The police suspected that the
people put there have had mail contacts. A'house search' was conducted in the
prison, and tl~.e internal mailbox was found--the front shaft of a test bicycle in
the exercise r~om.
Fi.fteen letter~z were found, and from them it was apparent that some of the imprisoned
ii~dividuals have also smuggled hashish oil from Morocco to England, that they were
trying to recruit Swedes as hashish puahers since the market for hashish products
is so good in Sweden. The letters also showed they coimmunicated in code, and it
~ias decided that the first individual who served his time was again about to take
up his narcotics dealing.
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He would contact the next one to be released and so on.
One of the men, in addition, traveled to Holland and purchased there 16 kilograms of
cannabis for 15,000 kroner per kilogram, cash.
Pop Stars
On the periphery of this tangle there are stories as to how an internationally
known pop star purchased marijuana from the gaag. Other disclosures led to a known
singer and a prominent Swedish politician being punished. Both purchased narcotics
for their own use.
The surveillance men who knocked on the door of ihe young pusher in Flemingsberg on
that Sunday afternoon in August last year have today piled up, in the hearing rooms
of the Visby prison and the police station in Fitt~a, folders with thousands of
_ pages of inquiry reports.
"And that is not the end," says one of the investigators. "If we can only get here
the two Englishmen whom we have requested be extradited, a number of new depriva-
tions of freedom can develop on the home ~ront. There are many highly interesting
pieces left in this investigation."
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SWEDEN
THIRTEEN INDIANS ACCUSED OF SMUGGLING HASHISH
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in S~aedish 4 Dec 81, p 10
- [Text] Thirteen Indian citizens, all men between 35-40 years of a~2, were indicted
on Thursday in the district court in Sollentuna for the felonious smuggling of goods ~
and for felonious narcotica crimes. The district proaecutor, Lennart Nilsson, main-
tained that the men had posaession of a total of 40 kilograms of hashish which was
amuggled in suitcaees from Ind.ia to Arlanda.
In connection with the so-called people smuggling from India to Western Europe, the
customs administration sharpened its surveillance at Arlanda. Practically all
passengers on the Polish airways "Polski Lots" plane from New Delhi were checked
very carefully, and the first confiscation of narcotics was made on 21 Se~tember.
Then six men arrived with a large quantity of hashish and a week later four more
men and a man who had registered at a youth hostel in Stockholm were apprehended.
One of the leading figures, who was arrested in absentia, came to Sweden on 29
- October. He was apprehended 5 days later in Uppsala. He is accussd of having
made at least four smuggling trips from India.
On 22 November a 60-year-old man came to the police and reported the loss of his
hand baggage. He had come by air to Arlanda the same day. The police learned
that the man was going to visit the top leader and was therefore suspect. The
next day the lost baggage was found.
The suitcases had been sent with the wrong plane. Fifteen kilograms hashiah was
found in one of them. Like the others, the 60-year-old man is under arreat. He
~ uer~~!.e~ an~~ crime and says he was going to hand over the auitcase to his fellow
countryman in Upps~,la.
~ The trial began on Monday in the districti court in Sollentuna. .
5893
CSO: 5300/2097
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~ SWEDEN
METHADONE TEST LIKELY TO CONTINUE ANOTHER THREE YEARS
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 11 Dec 81 p 8
[Article by Lotta Schullerqvist]
[Text] The methadone treatment of drug addicts should continue 3 more years as a
trial pro~ect, according to a proposal of the medical delegation. This involves a
reduction in comparison with the proposal of the national social welfare board for
a 5-year trial period.
On Thursday the government decided to hand over the controversial question regarding
the future of the methadone treatment to the medical care delegation of the depart-
ment of social affairs for further consideration. The delegation, which in its
_ preparatory study advocated that the treatment should continue at a reduced level,
will continue tis work after the new year. Until further notice there will be a
halt in taking more people into the methadone program.
A Tightening Up
The controversial treatment with methadone (a morphine substitute which is given to
addicts) was started at the end of the sixties at Ullerakers hospital. A group of
experts has, on behalf of ti~e national social welfare board, carried out the treat-
ment, which has been criticized atrongly from many sides and decided that it should
- continue on a limited degree, for 150 to 200 patients at the most. The treatment
should also be changed from a trial baeis to a regular medical specialty, central-
ized at the Ullerakers hospital. The group proposed that the treatment should be
evaluated after 5 yeara.
The question was ther~forwarded to the government and was first studied by the
medical care delegation which also took the position that treatment should be
allowed to continue. But there was to be a slight tightening-up; treatment would
encompass at the ~:~st 150 patients, and it should be evaluated after 3 years.
Treatment should be offered in a restricitve manner, and the national social welfare
~ board should watch the operation and see that an evaluation of the program is ready
within the 3 year period, and not be made afterwards.
The minister of social affairs, Karen Soder, who in general supports the delegation's
preliminary proposal, states that the government ahould take a position in regard to~
methadone treatment.
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Evaluation
"It is a question of resources, and the medical service board has the responsibility
for such matters. We are not in the habit of conz~.idering methods of treatment or
individual medicines in the government.
"Personally, I think that it is important that a careful evaluation be made. Three
- years is a suitably long time for obtaining a picture as to how rehabilitation is
going, if addicts are being successfully freed from both addiction and methadone can
live a normal life," Karin Soder says.
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~ SWEDEN
BRIEFS
PRISON DRUG RAID--Stockholm, 8 Dec--Amphetamines, syringes and in3ection needles
were confiscated in the third raid in a short time at the prison in Harnosand. Four
yoting people have been arreated. They have admitted that they brought in narcotics
to an acquaintance in the institution. On 11 November a bigger confiscation was
made than the latest. At that time, 39 baga for amphetamines were found in a cell.
[Text] [Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 8 Dec 81 p 7] 6893
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UNITED KINGDOM
BRIEFS
RECORD HEROIN HAUL--London, 6 Jan (AFP)--British customs officials backed up by
police, seized a record 87 kilos (over 190 lbs) of heroin in 1981--twice the
amount for 1980--a customs report revealed today. Approximately 8U percent of
_ the heroin, worth 14 million pounds (28 million dollars), was intended for the
British domestic market. The total value of soft and hard drugs seized last
year was close to 53 million pounds (over 100 million dollars). A total of
1,359 people were arrested for drug amuggling. But the report said seizures of
cocaine fell by 62 percent compared to 1980. Customs officials explained the
drop by a change in taste among Britain's drug users. [Text] [NC061427 Pa.ris
AFP in English 1232 GMT 6 Jan 8~]
CSO: 5300/2117
END
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