JPRS ID: 10100 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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JPRS L/ 10100
6 November 1981
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- Sub-Sa~arcon Africa Re ort
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- FOUO NQ. 746
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JPRS L/10100
~ 6 November 1981
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. 746
CQNTEN?S
- INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Nyerere, Ahidjo Visit Mitterrand
(JEUNE AFRIQi1E, 30 Sep 81).......... 1
~rench Trade With A�rica in 1980 Shows Overall Surplus
(MAR4icES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 11 Sep 81)... , ~~c~ (3)
~ ~ ~N~~t,~ ~ ~5). ~4~ .
. 4FR~DUE DU . .
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.~nFRiGUE DE .
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- p~ k5x ~ ti. ry~': ~~~z
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F~~ .n \
~7~ 9aH~~ Hp OHE ' ~7~ 9~ ~ap S
MONE
Key:
_ ~1) Bii.lion francs (5) North Africa
(2) South Africa and Indian Ocean (6) West ~frica
(3) East Africa (7) French-speaking Africa
(4) Central Africa
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Table 1. Frer.ch Trac~e With Africa and the Indian Ocean
(in millions of French francs)
Imports Exports
- 1979 1980 1979 198~
North Africa . 12,180.4 16,023.7 23,876.4 28,~94.2
West Africa 13,538.6 20,220.7 13,302.3 ?7,096.0
Central Africa 4,419.1 5,48~.8 5,407.1 6,739.5
East Africa 1,687.7 1,681.8 1,091.7 1,627.1
Southern Africa (excluding SA) 7,6.1 209.5 6.5 98
Indian Ocean 704.7 1,230.5 1,152.3 3,642.2
_ Total 32,546.b 44,839 44,836.3 58,197
French-speaking Africa 20,771.8 25,357.6 32,555.7 39,33Q,5
~ Oil (Africa)1 13,190 22,005.4
South Afri.,a 4,043.5 5,087.1 2,247.4 4,Oi1.1
General Total
(including SA) 36,590.1 49,926.1 47,083.7 62,268.1
- 1979 1980
Trade Balance:
.s Excluding SA + 12,289.7 + 13,358
Including SA + 10,493.6 + 12,942
With French-speaking Africa + 11,783.9 + 13,972.9
With French-speaking Africa
(excluding SA) + 505.8 - 614.9
~ With South Africa - ].,796.1 - 1,016
lIn tonnage, oil amounted to 20.7 million tons in 1979 and 19.4 million tons in
_ 1980.
_ A review of Table 1 and comparisons with prEVious yQars solicit the following
comments:
French trade with Africa is in a largely surplu s po~ition. Although it does
not compare with the 1978 surplus, in contrast with 1979, it increased fr~m
= 12.3 billion francs to 13.4 billion in 1980 (excluding SA), or by 9 percent.
This growth in the trade s~_rglus between France and Africa is the r~sult of an
' 18.6 percent :I.ncrease ir. t.he Slli.Dll35 with ~'rench-speaking African countries.
;4.
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It went up in fact from 11.8 billion in 1979 to 14 billion. On the other
hand, France's trade balance with the other Af rican countries conti.nue~ to
decline and is even showing a deficit (-0.6 billion) now, after a 1.1 billion
. drop. The trade cieficit between France and South Africa has decreased slightly,
from 1.8 billion i~ 1979 to 1.Q2 billion in 1980.
_ As fc~r the overall trer.d of French sales and p~urchases with Africa, it can be
seen that th~ considerable upswing observed in 1979 has continued in 1980.
In ract, total French sales to Africa have increased from 44.8 billion francs
in 1979 to 58.2 billion in 1980, or a 30 percent increase in value. This is
substantially higher than Frencn inflation, at about 13 percent in 1980, and
_ t1:us implies an important growth of. French sales to Africa in real terms.
French purchases from Africa also continue to rise sharply, from 32.5 billion
francs in 1979 to 44.8 billion in ?.QC~O, or an increase in current value of
27.5 percent. If inflation in these countr3es--close t~ 20 percent--is factored
_ in, then French purchas~s from this part of the worl.d have incxeased very little
iz real terms.
Prance and African Countries in 1980
Total French imports . 570.8 bill~on francs.
Imports from Africa (including SA) . 49.9 billion.
~ Total French exports . 469.7 billion francs.
Exports *_o Africa (including S.4) . 62.3 billion.
(lverall trade balance . -101.1 billion francs.
French-African trade balance (including SA): + 12.3 billion.
Africa's share of French Foreign Trade:
I~ports from Africa . 8.7 percent of the tatal;
Exports to Africa . 13.3 percent of the total.
- Main Af:3.can custom.er: Algeria . 11.1 billion francs.
Main African supplier: Nigeria . 12.7 billion francs.
Ther.e are considerable differences between the various geographical sectcrs in
Africa. It is possible to gain an initial idea of these differences from
Table 2.
Although North Africa's share of French exports is still the largest, it shows
a considerable drop nevertheless. In 1979, it accounted for 53.3 percent of
French purchases (excluding SA), and only 49.8 percent in 1980.
Ttie same cotmnent holds true for France's purchases from that part of the conti-
nent. They accounted for 37.4 percent of French purchases from Africa (exclud-
ing SA) in 1979, and 35.7 percent in 1980, or a decrease of almast 2 p~ints.
- ~5~
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Table 2. Percentage Share ~~f Each Region in French-African Trade
Imports Exports
- 1979 1980 1979 1980
l. Excluding South Africa:
North 37.4 35.7 53.3 49.8
West 41.5 45.1 29.7 29.4
Central 13.5 12.2 12.1 11.6
East 5.2 3.8 2.4 2.8
South 0.05 0.5 0.01 0.2
Ir.dia:i Ocean 2.2 2.7 2.6 6.3
of which
French speaking c~untries 63.8 56.6 72.6 67.6
2. Including South Africa:
North 33.3 32.1 50.7 40.6
West 37 40.5 28.2 27.5
Central 12.1 11~0 11.5 1U.8
East 4.6 3.4 2.3 2.6
South 11.1 10.6 4.8 6.7
Indian Ocean 1.9 2.5 2.5 5.8
of which
_ French-speaking countries 56.8 50.6 69.1 63.2
Not only is West Africa still France's privileged partner for imports in 1980,
but the percentage of French purchases in these cour.tries has even grown, from
41.5 percent to 45.1 percent, cr by abouC 5 points for French purchases from
West Afrlca. The percentage of Frezch sales in tnis region remains un~hanged
and accounts for slightly more than 29 percent in both 1980 and 1979.
For the other main geographical areas of
Africa, there are generally very few
changes in either imports Gr exports. It should, however, be pointed out that
French sales to the Indian Ocean area amount to 6.3 percent of total French
= sales in Africa in 1980, as com~.yared with 2.6 percent in 1979. In other
- words, total French sates to this regi.on more than doubled in value.
There is another important point to make before taking a closer look at France's
trade with French-speaking Africa versus the rest of Africa. You will observe
in fact that the percentage of both French purchases and sales with this area
of the world have declined considerably in 1~~0 over the previous year.
Franc~'s sales to French-speaking Africa amounted to 72.6 percent of totsl
= sales to Africa (e:ccluding SA) in 1979, and only 67.6 percent in 1980. As for
pc~rchases from France, they went down from about 64 percent to 57 percent.
French Trade With French-Speaking Africa
Despite the facts just cited, French-speaking Africa still constitutes a very
important group of partners in France's total trade witti Africa.
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- Table 3 makes it possible to study in detail F~ench trade with this group
- of countries. This table groups France's trading partners by geograghical
zones follocazng the system used by th~ OAU.
Ta.ble 3. Trade Between France an~ French-Speaking Africa
(in millions of French francs)
I lmoomtlortt f.~ortationt B~J~nce
1979 1980 1919 198@ 1979 1980
Al~eria 4858 1431,4 8218 11011.8 3358 3848,2
T~OTOCCO 2827 3252,1 5085 '~011,2 2258 1159.1
~ ~unisia 1338 1871 3249 3~928 1911 2251
North Africa Total 9013 ra~eo.s ~/6550 loo~se ~sa~ 7656,3
= Cape Verde o.~ 0.1 54,t 88.~ 54,8 es.3
Mauritania 255.1 ~21,4 33~,4 419 78.3 91,6
184 183,8 417,8 578 283.8 41~,2
Uaper ~VOItS ~ . . . . . . . . . 55,9 92.e 3E1 505,4 31Y.1 442,8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 202;8 1581 833 901.5 - 389,8 - 881,b
N $er
. C dd ~9.7 53.D 135,1 48.3 88 - 5,4
Senegal 1031,8 781.8 1853.Y 1748.2 821.~ 95~.4
Guinea ~ � . � . . . . . . . . . . zzo.~ 9ez.e a12.5 ~12.7 192.1 22s.s
IVOry C035t 3~38,2 33!A,9 3885,4 4800,7 529.2 1483,8
Togo zx~,s te4.~ re.~ ~ioa 5o~a ~se.e
Benin d8.8 59 409.8 540,7 423.2 461,1
West Africa Total ssaa,s 6798.1 9301.6 io~als i�� J9b3,1
Cameroon 1331,2 1708 2350,9 3008.9 1019 1302.9
C~n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.2 F13.1. 190J 241.2 38.9 BBJ
Gabon 2082.7 2~23.4 1324.8 1844,1 -737.9 --tl/y.;!
~OI1~0 151,5 121.4 700,4 1097,5 5~8.9 976,1
gl g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703.1 73~,8 825.1 527.8 - 77 - 207
Central Africa Total I399,i 5~58.5 5/91.6 B7/9,J 791,8 l160,B
- . Rwand . . . . < . . . . . . . . . . zs.u ts.e itz.s ~o2a ez,s esa
_ Burun~~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,8 34.5' 42,1 ~8.3 22.3 14.8
Bjibouti zea zos.e z~z,4 ~xs,e ~e3a
East Africa Total eo.s ae.s 3so,2 3u zs� 786.?
Mada a~car . . . . . . . . . 3,~ a~s.e ee~,4 ~ iz4.~ as4,> >oea
Maur~L1L1S 270,8 724.1 188,8 229,5 84,2 5.4
Seychelles o.s o.~ 99.9 is.s 39.3 ze,s
COIIlOY'OS 57.T 17,2 48 78.5 - 9,1 59.3
Mayo t t e . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.8 10,3 18.1 7.2 15.3
Indian Ocean Total ~n~,~ 6B0.6 I/51,3 ~~�.a N7,5 e�,1
Oil I5s9,B II~Z1 - - - -
France/T'rench Speaking Africa Trade Bal.ance for 1980
No~h Africa
_ E~cport
_ Io~~� (By geographical are2s)
West Africa
� ImpoA ~
~z.~ * Exp~., Central Africa
~ae* ~ East Africa
Ex~n +Indian Ocean
i m Da't
1.87 * imporf 8.7* s
5.5 *
Export
Import 1,/ *
0,~
s
~~n billions of francs.
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- You can see from an initial glance at Tables 3 and 4 that the North African
co~ntries occupy an import.snt place; the same is true for the West African
- countries. Attention is drawn more specifically to the dominant position of
Algeria and Moracco in the first group and Ivory Coast in the second, as these
three countries account for 53 percent of French sales to French-speaking
African countries and 55 percent of French purchases from the same area.
- Table 4. Trade Between France and French-Speaking Africa
~ (in percentages by country)
Imports Exports
1979 1980 1979 1980
Algeria 23.4 29.3 25.2 ?8.2
Morocco 13.6 12.II 15.6 12.7
Tunisia 6.4 6~6 10.0 10.0
Total--N~rth Africa 43.4 48.7 50.8 50.9
Cape Verde 0.16 0.2
- Mauritani~ 1.2 1.3 1.02 1.1
Mali 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.5
- Upper Volta 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.3
Niger 5.8 6.2 2.6 2.3
Chad 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
Senegal 5.0 3.1 5.1 4.4
Guinea 1.1 0.7 "1.3 1.0
Ivory Coast 16.1 13.1 11.9 12.2
Togo 1.1 1.04 2.2 1.8
Benin 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.4
Total--West Africa 31.8 26.6 28.6 27.1
~,ameroon 6.4 6.7 7.2 7.7
CAR 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6
Gabon 9.9 10.7 4.1 4.7
Congo 0.7 0.5 2.2 2.8
Zaire 3.4 2.8 1.9 1.3
Total--Central Africa 21.1 21.5 16.0 17.1
Rwanda 0.0 0.06 0.3 0.3
Burunr]i 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Djibouti 0.05 0.1 0.6 0.5
Totax--East Africa 0.25 0.3 1.0 0.9
Madagascar 1.8 1.6 2.7 2.9
Mauritius 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5
Seychelles 0.2 O.O~i
Comoros 0.3 0.06 0.1 0.2
Mayotte 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04
Total--Indian Ocean 3.41 2.6 3.53 3.7
Oil 21.9 29.3
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French Imports Fro~ French-SpeakLng Africa
Table 4 already gives us a bEtter id~a of the role played by each country in
this area in its trade witn France.
Algeria i~ far and away France's main trading partner: 29 percent of French
imports from French-speaking African countries come from Algeria and 28 per-
cent. of French exports to that ar_ea ~o t~ that country. ~
~~~xn
_ Frenr,h imports from Algeria amount to 7.3 bilZi~n ~rancs, or an increase of
57 percent over the previous yPar. The bulk of Algerian exports to France are
hydrocarbons. Fran~e bu;�s 4 percent of its total oil tonnage f?-om Algeria
~4.5 mi~lion to~s in :t980). Sales of Algerian natural gas to France amount
to 1.5 billion cubic meters. 'They are expected to rise to 5 billion cubic
meters in 1981..
France's total share in Algerian foreign trade amounte~ to 20 percent in 1980
~ (25 percent imports, 13 percent exports). France is Algeria's secor:d largest
tz�ading partner after the United States, iuajor buyers of crude oil.
Mauritania was France's main supplier of iron ore in 1979. It ranked third in
- 1980 with 2~:9 million tons, behind Brazil, the main snpglier (4.4 million tons)
and 5wedz.n (3.2 million tons). The total tonnage of this ore coming from
Mauritania now amounts to only barely 16 percent, as compared to 18 percent
in 1979.
The majority of French purchases �rom Morocco is composed of minerals: mangan-
- ese, phosphate, lead, zinc, a.nd cobalt. With 26,700 tons of lead, Morocco is
France's second supplier (Ireland is first with 34,200 tons). It is the only
cobaZ~ siipplier with 5,700 tons, on the decline. French imports of ~his min-
~ral have dropped s:~arply since 1979 when they were ~it 7,700 tons--a drop of
26 percent in to;~s imported. Sales of Moroccan phospha~es to France have risen
slightly. They are at 2.4 million tons and account for 44 percent of total tons
boupht by France.
riorocco supplies France with some fruits, primarily citrus fruits, and fresh
vegetabies. However, Moroccan ehports of fresh produce to France accaunt for
only 26 percent of that country's total sales to France.
~~ory c~ast ~s pri~narily d suppiier oi f ar~ grc~ducts to France. These include
mainly unroasted coffee, cocoa, tropical wood and fruit (pineapple and bananas).
Ivory Coast is way ahead of Brazil as t-he main supplier of French coffee, with
' total exports of 72,100 tons in 1980, or 23 percent of French purchases of un-
roasted coffee. France bought 25,900 tons of cocoa beans from Ivory Coast in
1980. It is France's main supplier with 46 pPrcent of to~al sales of cocoa
beans. We should, however, point out the substantial decrease in comparison
with 1979, when France bought 32,600 tons of that product from Ivory Coast
(-20.6 percent). Attention should also be drawn to the sharp decline in the
value of these Fxench purchases in comparison with 1979 (-34 percent), because
- of, the drop in cocoa prices on the~world market.
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Tunis3_a, with 7 percent of French imgorts from French-speaking Africa and
10 percent of exports, is an important *_rading partner for France. Attention
should be urawn to the item, clothing and clothing accessories in fabric:
339.3 million francs or 20 percent of Tunisian.exports to France. They
consist primarily of inen's panLs and shirts. Besides this item, Tunisia
sells France cru.de oil, fer_~ilizer (more specifically superphosphates), and
some citrus fruits. Another rather important item sold is olive oil.
You will noiice that Cam~r~on plaf~ a relat~.vely important role in France's
trade with French-speaking Africa, with abnut 7 percent of French imports
and 8 percent of French exports. This situation has remained relatively
_ stable over the past 3 years.
Gabon's position as a French supplier in Frencr.-speaking Africa is gaining
i.mportance. r;early 11 percent of French imports come from this country and
consist mostly of tropical wood and especially crude oll (1.4 million tons in
1980).
- 1990 Trade Balance:
France/Africa
. Export
62.3 *
1980 Trade Balance~
France-French- Import
Speaking Africa 4A.9 *
- �"~unflu~~"~��
Export
39,3 *
Import
25.4* _
c~ a~';
- o~
Crude
oi
s.
-tiBillions of francs
- The other countries belonging to this group have smaller percentages of the
total value of trade between France and French-speaking African countries. We
- should poir~t out, however, that Zaire, with 11,313 tons, is the main supplier
- of raw copper, although this amount is considerably less than the 1979 figure
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Table S. ?rir.cipal French Imports zrom French-Spea'.ing ?,frica
,(Q ~ L,000 tons; V~ oillions of rt~nch .francs)
(Foocnotes refer co rsain euopliera)
~ 1974 1480
� Q V Q V
~g:icultural ?roducts
Ground-aut9 v:th shells (1) 0.35 I.5 0.3 1.3
Shelled ground-nuts - - 6.5 15.3
r:esh pir.eappl~ !3) bG.i 104.5 38.9 lll.i
Caaned piaeapplz 2.3 6.~ lb.i 50.6
Cacoa asaas ~5) ~3.8 683.!. 35.8 ~9'
. ~
~'nroasted _o.:ee (5) 158.2 _,240.6 1,156.1 2,205.~
~octon in bulk (i) 5~.5 355.3 ~7.6 +00.7
Yacural rubber (3? 24.3 134:5 25.2 159.i
?:esh ~ananas ;9) 168.i 383.~ i~3.8 389.6 '
_ Crude ~alm oil ;17) 13.3 38.8 16.3 43.7
- ~round-nu: oi2 (1~) 113.2 ~11.1 63.4 Z40.7
2alm kerael (I'') 8.7 18.1 i.8 9.4
?evper (13) 9.8 6.8 1.3 :i.2
Sisal (IS) 8.3 22.3 4.'r 14.6
3av cobacco (:5) 2.~ 2G.3 1.3 11.3
- i;pioca (16) 0.96 2.8 1.4 S.5
'ahole tuna (:i) 5.2 26 5.7 36.9
Grouadnuc oi:cakes (18) 96.1 45.6 42.8 42
'Ja.~illa (19) 0.:9 65.~ 0.097 33.9
NSneral ?roducts
Ore (aluminun) (20) 1,481.9 198.0 979.9 1~9.~
Chroai~ (ore) (~1) 37.9 14.9 63.7 Zb.B
iron (ore> 2,980.2 256.4 2,934.2 307.I
Kanganeee (ore) (~3) 635.6 186 553.5 198.i
Crude oil (2+) 6,d40.8 4,,549.8 6,322.5 7,442.1
Phosphate~ (25) 2,i33.3 504.6 3,868.6 1,031.1
L'rani~ concencrate (Zo) 2.9 968.8 - - ~
Z'_nc (orej (27) 15.4 12.3 10.9 9.i
Lead (~3) 28.1 86.1 28.i 73.9
Cobal[ (ore) (~9) 1.7 177.4 5.7 120.4
Copper for refining (30) 16.4 I21.0 11.3 94.2
aluminum mecal (3+) 20.5 88.2 8.0 54.2
(1) Senegal, !tadagascar (1980:`~adagascar only). (2) Senegal, `tali, ;tiger,
i;pper Volca (Guinea Biasau 1980). (3) Ivory Coast, Camezoon (~uiaea 1980).
l.;) Iw ry Coast. (5) Ivo n Coast, Tago, Benin, Camaroon, Gabon, Congo, Zaire,
_ `tadagascar. (6) iw ry Coast, Togo, Benin, Cam~roon, GaSoa, Congo, Rvanda,
_ duzundi, Zaire, Kadagascar, C.~2, Equatorial Guinea. Chad, :Sali~ Gpper
- 7o1~a, Yigar, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Togo. Benin, CAR, Cameroon, Congo.
- (8j Ivory Coasc, Caaarcon, Congo, Za1re, CAR. (9) Ivory Coaat, Came~roon,
`(adagaacar, `torocco (nuthiag ia 1980). (10) :vory Coast, Becn:a, Gameroon,
-Zaire ia l920. (11) Maii, Yiger (aothing in 1980), Seaegal, ?vory Coast in
1980. (12) i�r~rq Coast (noching in 1980), Cameroon, Coago, Zai:e (noching in
1?80). (13) :ladagascar. (14) ;tadagascar. (li) CAR, Cameroon, Cango, :'uaisia,
Kadagascar. (15) Togo (nothing ia 1980), Kadagascar. (17) Ivorq Cuast, Korocco,
`iaurltania (ia 1990). (1:i) Kali, Chad, 3enegal. (19) Kadagascar~~taqotte,
Como:os in 1980). (~0) ~uir.ea. (21) ~(adagascar. (2~) w.auzitania. (23) :!orocco,
Gabon, Congo :n :990. (:4) ,~lgeria, Tunieia, Gabon (Congo, noc4ing in 1980) +
_ Cameroon. (ZS) worocco, ~lgeria, Tunisia, 3enegai, Togo. (26) Viger, Caban.
(2i) Tunisia, Norocco, Congo (nothing in 1980). (?8) `iorocco, Tunisia (^oth�ag
- in 198~), Coa3o. (29) ~lorocco. (30) Zaite. (31) Cameroon.
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of 16,431 tons of raw copper--a decrease of 31 percent. It is wurth noting,
nevertheless, that France's overall purchases of. copper worldwide went down
from 21,258 tons in 1979 to 17,896 tons in 1980, or by 16 percent.
- French purchases of bauxite from Guinea account for 72 percent of France's
foreign supplies. Guinea is the main supplier at 980,000 tons, but here
to~ the volume sold has declined since 1979 (-34 percent), and, just as with
= copper, French imports of bauxite worldwide are considerably less in 1980
_ than in 1979 (-21 percent). The substantial reduction in Guinean bauxite
= has been taken up by Greece (209,000 tons in 1980 as compared to 104,000
tons in 1979).
Table 5 gives a breakdown of France's main imports from French-speaking Africa.
We should finally point to the continuous growth in French purchases of crude
oil from these countries: 29.3 percent of the total value of purchases from
this area, at 6,322,500 tons, slightly down from 1975 (6,840,200 tons).
French Exports to French-Speaking Africa
According to what might a1W~~t be called "a certain tradition," trade between
France and ueveloping countries, which include the French-speaking African
countries, is based on French purchases of unprocessed or semiprocessed agri-
cultural products from modPrn farms and miner~.Zs, and French sale~ made up
primarily of manufactures and capital goods. Exports to these countries are
therefore highly varied. But some products or groups of products are predomi-
- nant, and these include essentially food products, beverages and tobacco, and
also pharmaceutical products.
- The desire of developing countries, however, to promote their industrializa-
tion implies a certain change in French sales. For instance, taking food pro-
ducts, sales increasingly involve unprocessed goods such as wheat, malt and
dairy products, which are then processed into goods for final consumption in
the importing country. This development also entails increased sales of
capital goods.
~ final important item is sales of transportation equipment, whatever the final
- use of the vehicle may be.
In conclusion, we should stress the fact that the French trade balance with
_ these countries still registers a large surplus in spite of the desire of the
suppliers to bring it into closer balance (graph 3).
- Attention should finally be drawn to the predominant position of Alger9.a,
France's main supplier and customer. But you should take note~of Algeria's
new policy which seems to be temporarily curbing large equipment contracts so
that it can complete its own industrialization process. ;p response to a grow-
ing demand by its people, however, the share of conswner goods has sharply
increased, including both foodstuffs and household appliances. Together they
account for one-fourth of Algerian imports in 1980.
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Mor.eovez, a push to decentraliz~, allowing small local businesses to develop,
and the position given the private sector open up interesting prospects for
- smali and medium-sized French firms. The change of government in France,
which was favorably r.eceived in Algeria, seems to have boostecl trade between
ttie two countries, favoring housing and the automobile industry especially.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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ANGOLA
YEACE ~TIE[JED AS r!E(;ESSITY FOR DEVELOPMEDIT QF RF,SOURC~S
Paris :IARCHES TR.OPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEtdS in French No 1872, 25 Sep 81 p 2461
[Text] The invasion of Angola by South African military forr..es and the bombings
inflicted on the southern provinces by Pretoria's planPS must not mask the fact
- that the young independent nation has the means needed to emerge fram the trap of
� underdevelopmeilr, on the condition that it regains peace and has the time necessary
to organize. A South ~frican weekly, the FINANCIAL MAIL of Johannesburg, recenCly
observed this.
The military upera~:ions in southern Angola, even before the attacks at the End of
August and beginning of September, totally upset the ec~nomic life of this livestock-
raising regicn. The difficulties encountered in the factories, at the ports and cn
- the Benguela railroad line, difficulties to which the ~?~ntage actions of the domes-
tic opposition have ~ontributed, have affected production and make any planning
ha~huzar3. Refugees have flowed toward the center of Angola, whose resources they
are absorbing. They constitute a continuing political _threat,
- At the origi.n of this situation, if one takes the Angolan view, is South Africa,
and betiind South Africa is President Reagan's America. Pretoria, Luanda states,
arms and trorders.
Consequ~~ntly, for a year, Mali has been tightening its bonds with its big neighbor
in the nortti, Algeria, whence the minister of finance and commerce returned to
Bamako on S September, saying: "Algeria and Mali must 3o everything to raise the
lPt~Pl ~~f t}ieir (commer: ial) trade, e.~hich i~ currer.tly very modest, to that of the
exemplary political cooperation that exists between the two countries."
Mali's financial fate must therefore be decided during.this month of September with
- its ~artiiers in French-speaking West Africa and France. It is believed in Bamako
that this statement sounds like a c~~arning: If our immediate brothers do not want
us, then we will find other brothers.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981
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NIGER
BRIEFS
= UPPER VOLTAN PRESIDENT'S VISIT--Col Saye Zerbo, president of the Military CommittQe
of Reform for National Progress (CMRPN) in Upper Volta, visited Niamey on 19 and
20 September. At the end of this visit, Col Saye Zerbo announced the forthcoming
creation of a joint Nigerien-Upper Voltan Coo~eration Commission. These tF~~ .
~ountries, he said, "are both working hard to achieve their priority objective of
producing enough food to satisfy their needs." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
ET MEDITERRANEENS i.n French No 1872~ 25 Sep 81 p 2441] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux
et Cie Paris 1981] 8796
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_ SENEGAL
IMF AGREES TO SUPPORT STATE'S STABILIZATION PLAN
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 7-8~~ 25 Sep 81 pp 2437, 2438
[Text] On 16 September, the International M~onetary Fund approved a stand-by agree-
ment authorizing Senegal to purchase up to 63 million special drawing rights [SDR]
until Jtne 1982 to support the stabilization program of the Senegalese Government.
This cancels the agreement signed in August 1980 with the IMF. Senegalese drawings
under this new agreement wi11 be partially financed by the IMF's ordinary resources
- (29.~? million SDRs) and partially by remaining funds (33.6 rnillion) out of the out-
standing balance of the August 1980 agreement.
Added to this, *_he IMF has authorized Senegal to draw an additional 42 million SL~Rs
as part of compansatory f inancing for the decline of Senegalese exports over a 12-
month period ending in June 1981. This declfne is due to a drop of aLmost 60 per-
cent in the country's earnings from its peanut crop as a result of the drought.
Over the last ZO years, the IMF points out, the Senegalese economy has lmown a
slow and uneven growth. Since 1978, this trend became more marked due to adverse
climatic conditions affecting agricultural exports, to the deteriorating t~erms of
exchange 3nd to a poiicy ot credit expansi~i~. ~i ~t-?2~2 ia~~oi~ ?~~e cieat~u .L~ga~�
- tive rates of growth, a bigger balance of payments deficit and accelerated inflation.
To face this situation, the authorities adopted in mid-1980 a mid-term program of
structural adjustment based on using resources from the IMF whi.ch were expected
= to bring the balance of payments back ta an acceptable level and to restart eco-
aomic growth. However, the results obtained during the first year of that program
fell far below its expectations, mainly as a result of Izaving a bad farming year.
This is why the Senegalese Government has decided, as a f irst step, to launch with
tr.e assistance of the IMF a new program, a short-term program this time, which is
expected to noticeably reduce the balance of payments' deficit. In the contexti ~f
this program, the government will adopt measures which are likely to improve and
increase its basic revenues, to restrict the growth of ordinary expenditures ~i
nominal terms, to reduce the budget deficit and to channel investments toward im-
mediately productive sectors. The measures ado~ted include a higher value added
tax and an increase in the prices of oil products and electricity. The government
~ also plans to set out consolidated accounts for all its transactions and to control
- the outstanding debts of public and quasi-public sectoxs so as to reduce these debts.
It should be noted that the quota allowed to Senegal by the IMF is 63 million SDRs
and that this country's financial obligations with the Fund stand today at 72.6
million SDRs.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreax et Cie Paris 1981.
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SENEGAL
INTERMINISTERIAI~ MEETING DEVOTETJ TO ]~ARMING, STOCKRAISIN~
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEAITER~NEENS in French No 1872~ 25 Sep 81 p 2438
[TextJ E1n in.terministerial meet3ng, held on 17 September, adopted a number of
measures in connection with the farming season, stockraising and truck farming.
Farming Season--The monopoly held by SONACOS [National Marketing Company of Senegal],
SEIB [the Baol Electrical and Industr_tal Company] and SONAR [National Company for
the Supp~y of Oil M-ills] in the marketing af the peanut crop was conf irmed and will
be protected. This monopoly w~s broken zn the preceeding farming year when the
amount of peanuts harvested Fell below what w~s expected. The head of state has
asked that credit disruptions be avoided in the future. To this end, the advance
credits given at the beg~nning of the Earm~.ng season shCUld a~ount ro 35 percent in
~ a11 areas and 50 percent in the front~er areas of Sine-Saloum, Eastern Senegal and
Casanance.
The meeting asked that the marketing of grain.s and beans be started on 1 October
_ and ti:~~ marketing of peanuts on 2 November. It also set the following prices for
seeds, per kilo, in CFA Erancs and at the weighing time: 76.5 and 73.5 for peanuts;
55 for millet; 53 for sorghum; 80 for hybrid corn; 53 for ordinary corn; 80 for
b~ans; 59.5 for rainy-seasun rice and 61.5 for irrigated rice.
Truck Faav?ing--The aim is to make sure that the country is self.-suff icient in onion
praduction, by usin.g varieties wnich Iceep lui~ge~, a?~d i~~ ~,~~ata2s, tt~.u~ ieducing
import.s by 1.5 billion CFA francs. To this end, the minister of~economy and f inances
' will unfreeze crop credits after consultation with the National Development Bank of
Senegal (BNDS) and wi.ll make these credits available to SONAR and for the trained
personnel of irrigated areas. The required prj.ority wi11 then be given to expanding
th~ Baobad area by 150 hecta~es and to making full use of the exist ing 600 hectares
of developed area. ~
The prime minisi~er wilZ also adopt a11 the necessary measures, in cooperation with
the ministers concerned, to encourage without wasting any t~me the expansion of
truck farming devoted tc cash crops wherever tnis is possible and to immediatel.y
start a project to settle young farmers in the Niayes region.
Stockraising--To encourage cattlemen to make hay, the minister of rural development
wil]~~;ive them assistance in. that sphere. The grazing areas axe in go~d condition
and are expected to provj.de good food for the stock which lo~oks good and healthy.
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Furthermore, the Ministry of Rural Development and the Ministry of Trade will care-
fulty i23ssess the distribution of cattle feed among approved merchants, supervised
stoc:cbreeders, cattle feed manufacturers and stockbreeders.
J COPYRIGHT: Re:.e Moreux et Cie Paris 1931.
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SENEGAL
CEMENT PRICE INCREASES, CEMENT PLADTT EXPANSION PI~ANNED
Paris P~ARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1~~~ 25 Sep 81 pp 24~8, 2439
[TextJ Cement prices have registered a noticeable increase in Senegal since $
September and the price of cement leaving the SOCOCIM [West African Cement Company]
plant rose from 22,543 CFA francs a toa to 29.722 CFA francs, with taxes included.
This price is broken down as follows: 23,935 CFA francs represents the sale price
before taxes to which are added ~?,787 francs for value added tax (VAT) and 1,000
francs of s~ecial tax. This increase follawed the publication of the Decree No
81.879 of 1 September 1981 glving approval to an agreement between the Gavernment
- af the Republic of Senegal and SOCOCIM Industries signed on 11 August 1981.
This agreement, which SOCOCIM had been waiting to sign for months, allows the com-
pany, among other things, to pass on to their sale price the higher costs incurred
over the last Y8 months.
Since January this year, the company was losing money heavily by selli::g cement
at prices below the production cost. As a result of this, and during the last few
months, SOCOCIM merely kept its plants in good order. The cement price adjustment
- should enable the company to start work on important expansion pro~ects which are
scheduled to be carried out over the next 30 months.
The project to expand the cement plant is one of the items included in the agree-
ment signed between the Senegalese Government and the SOCOCIM Industries. Based
on the results of studies conducted on the sub~ect, the expansion project is in-
tended to use th~ me~hod of precalc~nation. To do this, it will be neceasary to
make changes in the largest furnace of the SOCOCIM plant, a move which will result
in considerably lower eneryyconsumption and much higher production. Production is
expected to increase from 360,000 tone a year to 825,OQ0 tons.
The cost of this expansion project is 18 billion CFA francs. It will be f inanced
by i.nternational agencies (Central Fund for Economic Cooperation, European Invest-
ment Bank), by local banks and others. Therefore, in 30 months from now, SOCOCIM--
a company which has been entirely Senegalese since 1978--will have more than doubled
its production capacity and will considerably increase its productivity.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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. SENEGAL
BRIEFS
- JOIP7T IVORIAN COMMISSION SESSION--The Sixth Session of the Joint Senegalese-Ivorian
Great Co~nission for Cooperation was held in Yamoussoukrou, Ivory Coast, from 14
to 17 September. [Excerpt] [Paris NIARCHES TROP"CAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
No 187Z~ 25 Sep Sl p 2439] [COPYRIGHT: Rene M,oreux et Cie Paris 1981] 8796 .
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~ TANZANIA
BRIEFS
- PRESIDENT'S FRENCH VISIT--President Nyerere has just been to Paris where he met
with President Mitterrand and with the first secretary of the Socialist Party,
= Lionel Jospin. At a press conference aiven in Paris, on 15 September, President
Nyerere sai.d that he was convinced that the new French Government will not try to
establish "neocolonialist relations" with some African countries as he claims that
previous regimes did. Speaking about his talks with President Mitterrand, he
declared: "We had useful and direct talks" and he noted that theirs was a meeting
between "two socialists." On the subject of the situation in southern Africa and,
= more particularly, the South African operati.on in Angola, Nyerere said that he
was pleased with France's attitude. The Tanzanian president, who mentioned that
Cuban troops came to Angola to counteract "the South African intervention carried
out with external connivance," thinks that those troops will no longer be needed
when Namibia becomes independent. Asked about the United Nations Conference on
LDC's (Less Developed Countries), recently held in Paris, Nyerere considers that
it represents a first step which can be described as being "a success" eveii if the
parties concerned would have liked to see more firm commitments. On the subject
of the forthcoming summit in Cancun, the Tanzanian president said that "France`s
stance will be very useful f or the Third World." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TP.OPICAUX
ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 187Z~ 25 Sep 81 p 2455] [CUPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux
' et Cie Paris 1981] 8796
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: ZAMBIA

~
MINISTER FORECASTS EXCELLENT CROP YEAR
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX Er MEDITERRANEFNS in French No-~872~ 2.5 Sep 81 p 2455
[Text] The Zambian minister of agriculture and water development, Unia Mwila,
recently predicted that this year's corn crop will register a 100 percent increase
and will amount to about 11 million bags.
The minister also announced that Zambia's production of wheat should amount to
. 11,818 tons this year, an increase of 2,137 tons or 22 percent over the pre~vious
farming season. By next year, the farmers` selling price will go up to 32 kwachas
for a bag of 91 kilos as opposed to 26 kwachas which is the price this year.
_ The Zambian Goverrtment has also taken steps to encourage tobacco growing. In
the 1981-1982 crop year, the price paid to the farm~rs wi11 ;o up to 2.40 kwachas
as opposed to 1.b5 kwachas in the 1980-19~1 season. This represents a 45 percent
increase. Tobacco grower.s will be given foreign currency allowances equivalent
- to 5 percent of their gross earnings without including the f irst 5 tons of tobacco.
The government wants farmers who have abandoned tobacco growing to go back to
planting that crop. It has decided to encourage these farmers because tobacco
crops require a large labor force.
But ~he prospects of good crops should not raise false hopes. In the case of corn,
in par.*_icular, one needs canvas covers and trucks to protect the c.rops and bring
rhem to the consumer. ZamUia's lack of foreign currency threatens to have serious
effects on the agriculture and the goverrnnent is currently trying to get some
~~ction from its friends abroad to save the crops. According to Zambian Prime
Minister riundia, between 5 and 6 million bags of corn, or half of the expected
crop, are in danger of being ruined by the rain for lack of adequate storage
f.acilities. By 28 August, before the rainy season started, the NAMBOARD [expansion
_ unknow:i] had purchased 5.3 million bags from the farmers but only 3.5 million bags
had been transportF~d to the storage facilitxes.
~
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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