JPRS ID: 9767 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 6
• Content Type: REPORTS

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roR oFFtc�ini. I,sE orvi.v
JPRS L/ 10029
5 October 1981
Sub-Saharan Af rica Report
FOUO No. 742
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
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JPRS L/10029
5 October 1981
- SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO Na. 742
CONTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
= Briefs
Ethiopian Air Transport Agreement 1
~ CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Briefs
Opposition Leader's Debts 2
CHAD
Kamougue Reports Army Mutinies
(Stephen Powell; REUTER, 14 Sep 81) 3
CONGO
Briefs
Eighth AGPAOC Conference 5
UNDP, FAO Agrements 5
Lumber Fair's Program 5
Brezhnev Message 6
Petrobras in Hydrocarbon Exploration 6
French Financing Agreements 6
GAMBIA
Ways To Establish Sene-Gambia iJnion Examined
(Thomas R. Kanza; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 19-26 Aug 81) 7
GUINEA-BISSAU
~ No Solutions Seen for Troubled Economy
(Hugues Viel; MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS,
4 Sep 81) ?0
- a- [III - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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NIGEF
BCEAO Report on Recent Factors in Eccnomic Situation
(MARCHES TROPICALIX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21 Aug 81) 13
Briefs
Elimination of Epidemics, Endemics 15
NIGERIA
Plans for New Capital of Abuja Described
(Robert Walsh; NEW AFRICAN, Aug 81) 16
Plans for New Port in Lagos Detailed
- (NFW AT'RICAN, Aug 81)
Briefs
Border Fence 20
SENEGAL
Briefs 1.
Cissoko on rre.nch Relations 21
RND Support of Senegambia 21
SAR Expansion 21
Laying of ISRA Foundation Stone 22
SIERRA LEONE
_ Looting, Violenr_e Reported in Makeni
(RF.UTFR, 19 Sep 81) 23
UGANDA
OAi1 iJrged To Review Its Own Charter, End Country's Terror
(Editorial; NEW AFRICAN, Aug 81) 24
ZAMBIA
Briefs
Coal neposits
Purchase of Railroad Cars
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
ETHIOPIAN AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENT--Niger and Ethiopia recently concluded an air
tLansport agreement at Niamey whereby, as of next October, Ethiopian Airlines will
open a route linking Addis Ababa, Khartoum, ICano, Niamey, Bamako and Dakar. At
- the same time, Air Africa, the ir.ternational company of which Niger is a member,
will. inaugurate a Dakax-Djeddah link. /_Text7 /-Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1867 21 Aug 81 p 21647 /'COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et
Cie Paris 19817 9434
CSG: 4719/349
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Bi IEFS
OPPOSITION LEADER'S DEBTS--A record of the debts contracted by the Central African
_ opposition leader Ange Patasse with some banks and companies was sent to Paris
in late August by a French colonel attached to the Bangui branch of the Center for
- the Exploitation of Military Intelligence [CERM]. According to this record, the
leader of the Central African People's Liberation Movement [MLPC] reportedly owes
nearly 250 million CFA francs to the Central Investment Bank in Bangui and nearly
13 million to the Franco-Central African Tobacco Company [FCAT]. The latter, of
whose board of directors Patasse was chairman, is a joint company with the partic-
ipation of the French Service for the Industrial Exploitation of Tobacco and Matches
- [SEITA]. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 1078, 2 Sep 81 p 421 [COPYRIGHT:
- Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981]
- CSO: 4719/401
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CHAD
KAMOUGUE REPORTS ARMY MUT'INIES
JN142145 London REUTER in English 2125 GMT 14 Sep 81
[Report by Stephen Powell]
[Text] Moundou, Chad, 14 Sep (REUTER)---A series of army mutinies has rocked the
south of Chad this month and the coiintry's vice-president says he suspected Libya
of fomenting the uprisings.
Libyan troops have been stationed in the northern half of strife-torn Chad since
late last year but have not so far penetrated to the non-Muslim south.
Vice-president Wadal Abdel Kader Kamougue, a southerner, told REUTERS in an inter-
view in Moundou yesterday that he suspected Libya of having a hand in a wave of
army pay revolts. But he stopped short of accusing Tripoli of being behind the
revolts. The soldiers have not received a regular salary since civil war broke
out in the capital, Ndjamena, in February 1979.
~ Over the last 2 weeks, mutinies have hit the southErn towns of Moundou, Doba, Sarh
and Koumra. Colonel Kamougue acknowledged that the authorities had been powerless
to quell the uprisings. He said.the soldiers had seized govermnent funds, detained
army officers and government officials and in some instances assaulted them.
Colonel Kamougue denied that he himself had been detained in Moundou earlier this
month. Informed church sources, in direct contact with members of the gendarmerie,
said the vice-president had spent one night in prison at the beginning of the month
and several days afterwards under house arrest.
The most spectacular revolt broke out on 9 September when truckloads of soldiers,
firing automatic rifles and bazookas into the air, took over the southern town of
Sarh, the third largest in Chad. They seized government officials, army officers
and requisitioned government funds.
Colonel Kamougue said no deaths had been reported anywhere in the south, but he
added that the situation remained delicate. "It is delicate. We must find a
solution. ihe soldiers must understand that there is no money."
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Libya recently signed an agreement to lend Chad woney to pay the salaries of civil
servants for 1 month, he said. But no provision was made to pay a full salary
to the troops.
Colonel Kamougue said he could not put a figure on the amount of money the troops
had taken. Informed sources said rhe troops had seized 37 million CFA francs
($130,000) from the government treasu-ry in Sarh, 39 million francs ($138;000)
in Koumra and at least 22 million francs ($78,000) in Moundou.
The revolts, which began in Moundou at the beginning of September, were accompanied
by reports circulating among residents that the government of the southern zone,
the 12-man permanent committee, had embezzled public funds. Colonel Kamougue said
"some bizarre situations" had arisen in the region's finances and that there had
been some embezzlement.
' Soutllern Chad hds so far remained relatively sheltered from the davastating effects
of L-he recent civil war. The zone has set up its own de facto administration,
ttie permanent cammittee, which runs the five southern prefectures.
CSO: 4700/517
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CONGO
BRIEFS
EIGHTH AGPAOC CONFERENCE--The eighth conference of the Management Association of
the Ports of West and Central A.frica [AGPAOC], which concluded on 7 September in
Pointe-Noire, was in particular devoted to the development of maritime transport,
the adaptation of port installations to new traffic conditions and the prublsms
of transport of the exports and imports of the member countries of the associa-
tion. It should be noted, in another connection, that the traffic of the seaport
of Pointe-Noire totaled 7,052,000 tons for 1980, the director general of the port
announced. He stated that studies will be undertaken in 1982 to permit the spe--
c.ialization of the port in three sectors (commercial, industrial, and petroleum
export area). [Text] [Paris MARCHLS TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No
1870 :ll Sep 81 p 2338] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981]
UiVDP, FAO AGREEMENTS--The Congo, on the one side, the UN Development Program
tUNDPJ and the Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], on the other sicle, signed
on 2 September in Brazzaville an agreement providing assistance to the Coffee and
Cacao Office [OCC] in or.ganizing suppcrt and sta�fing services. It should be
called to mind moreover that four agreements totaling $301,000 were signed recently
in Brazzaville by the Congo on Che one side and the UNDP and FAO on the other side.
These agreements deal with the study of the question of food self-suffici.ency,
prevention of post harvest losses, establishment of a national soil seruice, and
training in the biological struggle against cochineal insects. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1870 11 Sep 81 p 2338] [COPYRIGHT:
Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981]
,
~ LUMBER FAIR'S PROGRAM--In October, unless there are last minute changes, the
_ Lumber Fair organized by the Congolese Lumber OfTica 13-17 Ocrober will take
place as follows: -13 October 1981: Opening of Forestry and Lumber Days at
- Loubomo (Fun Fair). -14, 15 October 1981: Talke on tropical lumber in Brazzaville.
-16 October 1981: Seminar on the classification of African sawn timber in
Brazzaville. -17 October 1981: Overflight by aircraft (Fokker 28) of the immense
forest reserves of Likoul.a and Sangha (northern Congo) regions. -Closing of the
event. This fair is to be participated in by all the mational lumber federations
of the UCBT [expansion unknown], operators (manufacturers, businessmen), importers
of tropical lumber, countries producing tropical lumber in Africa and the Afr.ican
Lumber Or.ganization [OAB]. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French No 1870 11 Sep $1. p 2338] [COPYRIGiiT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19811
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BREZHNEV MESSACE--Colonel Denis Sassou Nguesso, chief of the Congolese state,
presided over a people's parade held on the occasion of the 18th anniversary of
the August 1963 Congolese revolution. On that occasion, Leonid Brezhnev sent a
message expressing his satisfaction with the relations of "solidarity and close
cooperation" that unite the two countries and that are "in accordance with the
vital interests" of the Soviet Union and the Congo. The message also stated that
the recent signature of the Soviet-Congolese treaty of friendship and cooperation
should make it possible to develop many-sided contacts between the two countries.
/Text7 /Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1867 21 Aug 81
p 21717'-/-COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Iaris 19817 9434
FETROBRAS IN HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION--The Federal Republic of Brazil and the Gongo
just signed at Brazzaville, on 14 August, a protocol of agreement regarding the
participation of Petrobras (a Brazilian semipublic company) in the search for
liquid and gas hydrocarbons in the Congo. /-Text7 /-Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
r1F.DITERRANEENS in French No 1867 21 Aug 81 p 21717 /COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et
Cic Paris 19817 9434
FRENCI1 FINANCING ACREEMENTS--Three financing conventions, totaling 550 million CFA
francs, were signed between France and the Congo, it was announced at Brazzaville
on 14 August. They deal with the dev,:!.opment of small-scale agricultural mechaniza-
tion, a seed program and the acquisition of a passenger boat to service the Congolese
basin in the north of the country. /_Text7 /Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French No 1$67 21 Aug 81 p 21717 /COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19817 9434
CSO: 4719/349
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/
GAMB IA
WAYS TO ESTABLISH SENE-GAMBIt1N UNION EXAMINED
Paris JF.UNE AFRIQUE in French No 1.076-1077. 19-26 Aug 81 pp 22-23
[Article by Thomas R. Kanza: "On Sene-Gambia"]
[Ter.t] In principle, the return of Sir Dawda Jawara to Banjul (Gambia) marks the
failure of the coup d'etat authored by the gendarmes of that counrry.
By the force ot ,irctimstances, the Gambian president has become obliga'ted to the
Senegalese Government. Henceforth, the mutual defense agreement of 1966 between
the two neighboring countries will be invoked every timea domestic event in Gambia
threatens the security and vital interests of Senegal.
Is this the beginning of an effective, lasting dependency? In the case of the
Gambian president, how can he get out of it honorably? The recovery of his power
thanks to Senegalese military assistance certainly involved conditions. Any
support of this kind that ends up by putting a political leader in power or restor-
ing one has to be paid for, sooner or later, in one way or another. This is aiLd
remains true throughout the world, even in Africa.
Resettled in his presidential residence in Banjul but scarcely recovered from the
strong emotions of the abortive colip, Sir Jawara has every interest in seriously
rethinking the application of a proposal he talked with us about 18 years ago.
Flashback
It was in 1963. Sir Jawara was Mr Jawara, prime minister of Gambia. I was min-
ister plenipotentiarL of the Congo (Kinshasa) (7.aire) in London. My Senegalese
colleague at that time, Boissier-Palun, received .lawar.a at his residence on
Portman Square. The conversation turned to the "fictitious" nation of Sene-Gambia.
Would it be a confederati.on or a union of Senegal and Gambia?
Jawara, in full form, was convinced that he embodied his people's hope for libera-
tion. He recognized [he insurmountable difficulties in keeping Gambia truly inde-
pendent of Senegal.
Not yet completely intoxicated by power, the honors, money and glory, he willingly
agreed on a discussion theoretica.l and academic of a possible, even probable,
Sene-Cambian federatiotl, conf.ederation or union. Before envisaging any political
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union whatsoever, it seemed to me desirable to consider the bilateral application
of four principles: the free circulation of goods, capital, persons and services.
That was my con[ribution, a modest one, but it was based on my 2-year experience
at the headquarters of the Furopean Common Market in Brussels.
Eiohteen years later, Sir Jawara and the Gambian people will not be angry with us
= if we suggest that the creation of the Sene-Gambian nation "by phases" would be
the best response to the brutal and tragic warning of the authors of the 30 July
- 1981 coup. It is not too late, but it is past time.
Guided Democracy
_}J Gambia is a tiny nation 11,295 kilometers square with fewer than 600,000 inhal-i-
tants. It is enough to look at a map to see that the country is bounded in the
north by Senegal, in the east by Senegal, in the south by Senegal, and in the
west by the Atlantic Ocean.
The ver;1 existence of Gambia results from the historical rivalry between Prance
and Great Britain.
In power since 1962 that is, 3 years before his country's independence
Sir Jawara is certainly tired.
A11. foreign observers agree that he is not a dictator. At any rate, he practices
a"guided democracy" that is a mixture of paternalism, theoretical liberalism,
tolerated corruption and parliamentary multipartyism.
In short, in Gambia as in most African nations, President Jawara practices the
policy of survival that is scarcely recommended for avoiding the repetition of the
tragic events of the beginning of August 1981.
The events obviously prove a deep discontent in the country. That i.he authors of
_ the coup could get weapons, money, even a mobile radio transmitter, shows that
they have substantial support in the country and perhaps abroad.
Their failure is essentially explained by the blunder they committed in presenting
themselves as "Marxist-Leninists," "revolutionary socialists," the"creators of the
dictatorship of the proletariat." This blunder indicates that the members of the
ephemeral National Revolutiunary Council and its leader, Kukli Samba Sanyang, are
ill acquainted with the current international circumstances and, what is worse,
do not know the geopolitical and diplomatic realities of tlle region. Moreover, they
ac.ted with :iaste, rushing the execution of their plan in order to take advantsge
of the departure of President Jawara for London.
Away from ~he presidential office for 4 days, from 29 July to 2 August, Sir Jawara
regained power thanks to the Senegalese Army and the aid of a few Gambian police
officers and gendarmes who remained loyal. Has he been careful to discuss future
relations between c}ie "saved" and the "saviors"? If not, he will soon discover
that the aid he received i.s not pure brotherly charity. Brotherhood exists only
between peoples; between governments, only interest counts.
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Has tie been foresighted enough to talk with the Senegalese about a form oF partner-
ship tflat will spare both countries another drama?
riode l
Each oE the three EormUlas: federation, contederation ur constitutional union,
preserits the advantage of being negotiable between two sovereign and i.ndependent
_ states. Tf none is chosen, there remains one possibility: the annexation of
GambiL by Senegal in order to safeguard the vital interests of the two countries
and the two brother peoples.
Men mc.lce history, l,lho then is in a better position than Sir Jawara and President
Dioui to make the hi.storic decisions that could serve as a model and a precedent
Cur r.he rest oE A�rica?
COPYRiGk1T: Jeune Afrique GRUP,IIA 1981
11,'+64
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FOu OFFtcIAi. ~~SE OyLI
GUINEA-BISSAU
NO SOLUTIONS SEEN FOR TfZUUBLED ECONOMY
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in Fre:ich 4 Sep 81 pp 2257-2258
[Article by Hugues Viel: "Guinea-Bissau: Problematic Development"]
[Excerpts] With a Eoreign debt amounting to $28 million--two-and-a-half times
the amount of export earnings--to which must be added "arrears of a commercial
^ nature" of $7,5 million, it is easy to sce that Guinea-Bissau is undergoing
ac.if.ficult period. It should be added that foreign exchange reserves have
- bec:n exhausted and that possible donors are reluctant to replenistl the state's
corfers. In the meantime, the Guinea-Bissau bank manufactures some money and
'nflation goes galloping. As for the leaders, they do not explain the situation,
but submit to it and turn to international organisms. Indeed, as a UN official
said about Guinea-Bissau, "this country is a typical example of the inadequate
response of the state services to a difficult economic situation." It could not
_ be expressed in better terms.
It is true that at the time of independence, in September 1974, the country emerged
very weakened from 10 years of guerrilla warfare. Of course, in the areas held
by the reb els during the struggle, Amilcar Cabral had undertaken a series of
ef.forts at development: hospitals had been established, elementary education had
- been reorganized and food crops had been encouraged. But the PAIGC leader was
murdered in 1973 in Conakry by one of his followers. Perhaps this is the underlying,
if not the immediate, cause for ttie bad turn the economy took At that time. This
_ is possible, but it does not exPlain everything, and at any rate, it does not
justify the blundering and simuLtaneously frantic collectivism that was established:
creation of 3,600 "tabancas," or semi-communal villages regrouping practically all
of the rural. population; the establishment of "peop]e's stores," of which it could
be sai.d, as in certain countries of the Eastern Bloc, that they were empty of goods
and filled w:itti employees tc> sell them; and Einally the organization of a powerful
state apparatus distribur.ing incomprehensible and threatening directives to peasants
thirsting for peace after lU years of insecurity.
In reviewing the state budget, it can be seen that 75.6 percent of operating
expenses are devoted Lo civil servants, who cunstitute a veritab:le army, and to
the army proper which numbers 7,000 men equipped, it is true, by the Soviet Union
which, in exchange, has established a base in the Bissagos Islands.
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FoR oFF'ict.at. usF: ohLti'
The country of "rivers," as Guinea-Bissau has been called, does not lack agricul-
tural resources: rice, peanuts, oil palms and a prosperous livestock industry
on the sl.opes of the Fouta-Djalon. On top of that, there are 200 kms of coast-
- line rich in fishing resources. Nevertheless, the 800,000 inhabitants must
receive annually substantial assistance to avoid malnutrition. Iti 1980, 45,000 tons
of cereal were offloaded in Bissau.... .
The oft-occurring drought does not explain everything. There are two reasons for
decreased productivity.
The L-irst: in the face of the attitude of the central power, plethoric in numbers,
inefficient in results and irritating in its interventions, a large part of
agricultural products has "fled" the country in the direction, mainly, of Senegal.
Wlien the leaders speak about a return to a subsistance economy, they should refer
to th e"economy diluted by smuggling."
The second reason:. the total inability of the state services to manage investment
programs. And yet, large credits had been allocated for operations aimed at
increasing agricultural production. Rice production only amounts to 920 kgs per
tiectare. Well, these credits have vanished and in 1978, for instance, for obscure
reasons agriculture only received 6 percent of total investments.... The Guinean
leaders are unable to expend the amounts allocated which had been duly scheduled
for a particular operation.
In 1978, 54.6 percent of these amounts were used, while in 1981 the percentage fell
to 51 percent. Curiously enough, it is Bissau--the capital--and the surrounding
area, or, in other words, the state, that benefited the most from the 51 percent,
resulting in a significant increase of the tertiary sector to the detriment of the
= primary one. Industry should not even be mentioned, since it has remained practically
nonexistent.
It is undeniable that the crying need for competent cadres in budgetary management
prevents the proper carrying out of the most elementary accounting procedures.
Ttiis, in turn, results in the clogging of the weak "absorption capacity" of the
Guinea-Bissau economy,
Contrary to the practice of other countries, the Cuinea-Bissau leaders have not
established a 10-year plan ttiat includes a certain number of projects. To be sure,
they cio mention projects--or rather prospects that have been viewed fof many years
hut liave never heen translated into figures--without having set up a nrogram. On
the otller hand, the financing needed by the state in order to survive is duly
speci.f:ied f.or the next 5 years. What is really of concern in the attitude of this
country's leaders i5 IIOt so much the fact that they have overlooked the establish-
ment of a long l.ist of projects, but that they actually do not know what in-depth
action to ~...,dertake to emerge from tlie rut.
To say, for instance, that "the PAIGC is a party of considerable international
prestige," whicti, moreover, is "able to stimulate the people in relation to a
prc>ceGS aimed at development" is not necessarily an ac!vantage to pull the country
out oE the doldrums.... To refer to Amilcar Cabral's work--he had wanted to favor
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agriculture and related industries to make them into a pilot sector--is undoubtedly
a deserved homage for the man who created the "Guinean nationality," but it will
not solve the problem of the dist:ibution network, among others.
Deplorably, one could search in vain f.or simple and clear ideas in the "10-year
attitude" of the Guinea-Bissauan planners. Let us, therefore, only translate
into numbers the expression of a certain confusion, if not of a certain disarray.
rlnd first, the urgently needed assistance for the present year. It has been
- estimated at $34 million rind can be broken down as follows:
Direct aid to the balance of payments, 25 million: late financing, 7.5 million;
recomposition of reserves, 11.5 million; f inancing the servicing of the public debt,
6 million;. security stocl.cpiling (rice), 9 million.
As for assistance during ttie period 1982-1985, it has been estimated at $437 million,
62 percent of wh ich will. be devoted to the financing of a number of projects.
lt should be noted that a sugar refinery project had been envisaged (60,000 tons
per year). However, Lhis pr.oject lias been shelved for the time being. A modern
fish canning complex is supposed to be bui.lt by the Soviets, who should also
contribute to the modernization uf the Bissau port. And of course, there is talk
about the bauxite in the Boe tiills (reserves are estimated at 200 to 300 milli_on
tons) that would be brought by railroad to the (future) port of Buba, but not much
credence is attributed to this project.
Eeyond these financial problems, the leaders of Guinea-Bissau still think of a
linkage with Cape Verde. Talks are continuing, but this archipelago is also
embroiled in serious difficulties and union seems to be f ar-off.
The new regim e in power since last November points ac.cusingly to the preceding
one. Ttiis is the rule. But tor a true recovery, the present leaders should re-
solve to act as reasonable managers rather than irrational ideologues.
- COPYRiGHT: Rene Moreaux et Cie Paris 1981
�w
CSU: 4719/402
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NIGER
BCEAO REPORT ON RECENT FACTORS IN ECONOMIC SITUATION
Paris HARCHES TROPICAUX ET r1EDITERRANEENS in French No 1867, ".'1 Aug 81 p 2164
LText/ dne of the latest economic and monetary statistics bulletias of the Central
Bank of the West African States (BCEAO) was devoted to Niger.
The major agricultural crops marketed in the 1979-1980 campaign amounted to a total
oF 129,000 tons of food products (millet, beans and sorghum), an increase of 40,000
tons over the previous campaign, 3,428 tons of cottonseed (a decrease of 943 tons)
and 2,172 tons of shelled peanuts (a decrease of 6,716 tons), representing a value
- of 5.4 billion CFA francs for Loed products (an increase of 2.1 billion), 0.2
billion for cottonseed and 0.2 billion for peanuts.
At the beginning of the current 1980-1981 campaign, the purchase price to the
producer caas raised from 40 to 50 CFA francs per kilo for mille+- and sorghum.
On 20 March 1981, peanut purchases in the 1980-1981 campaign totaled 1,543 tons of
shelled peanuts (a decrease in comparison with the previous campaign).
For 1980, Somair and Cominak's uranium ore production amounted to 4,129 tons (an
increase of 589 tons over 1979), sa1Ps amounting to about 3,205 tons.
During the first 8 months of 1980, Niamey's international airport recorded the
movement of 3,503 commercial airplanes and passenger traffic involving the arrival
- and departure ot 76,400 travelcrs.
During 1980, traffic un the Joint Benin-Niger Railroad and Transport Organization,
as far as Niger was concerned, amounted to 124,000 tons (largely hydrocarbons)
going up and 5,200 tons going down.
The commodity turnover index of the major commercial enterprises was established
at 479 at the end of September 1980 as against 318.2 a year before (on the base
of 100 determined as the average for the year 1970).
At the end of March 1981, the beneral consumer price index L-or the African family
came out to 306.5 as against 263.8 at the end of March 1979 (the base of 100
retainel for the year 1970). The increase was noticeable on local food products
and on imported goods.
13
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The budget for the October 1980-September 1981
billion CFA francs, an increase of 8.5 billion
taxes col.lected accounted for 59.5 billion CFA
26 billion in funds for equipment (no change),
(an increase of 0.8 billion) and 3.7 billion fi
4.5 billior).
fiscal year was balanced at 80.6
over the previous one). In receipts,
francs. Expenditures consisted of
19.1 billion for staff expenses
3r debt servicing (an increase of
At the end of September 1980, duties and taxes levied by the customs service
totaled 18.8 billion CFA francs, of which nearly 88 percent was from imports.
Foreign exchange statistics provided by the Nigerien administration go back to
1977, a year in which there was a trade balance deficit of 8.9 billion CFA francs
(48.2 bi.llion in imports and 39.3 billion in exports).
At the end of December 1980, the outstanding foreign debt had an exchange value of
86.4 billion CFA Irancs (an increase of 31.5 billion over the year). The available
margin on Lunds obtained amounting to 90.1 billion (an increase of 37 billion over
the end of 1979). In 1980, debt servicing--interest and amortization--absorbed
8.1 billion CFA francs (3.1 liillion in 1979).
At the end of February 1981, notes and currency in circulation amounted to 35
billion CFA francs (an increase of 5.3 billion in a 12-month period). At the end
of November 1980 the volume of current-account and fixed-term deposits in the
banks and in Girocheques amounted to 45.1 billion CFA francs as against 37.2
billion at the end of December 1979.
In comparison, savings funds totaled 81.2 billion CFA francs (an increase of 23.7
billion oirer December 1979); two-thirds were used by the private sector and one-
third by public undertakings.
- In any event, aL tiie end of November 1980, the Nigerien Treasury's net credit
position at the local level was 6.1 billion CFA francs, 10.4 billion francs less
than at the end ot November 1979. As to the net position of the monetary institu-
tions' foreign holdings, the excess in commitments, with an exchange value of 2.4
billion CFA francs at the end of November 1980, should be compared with assets of
13.6 billion CFA francs more at the end of December 1979. The imbalance comes
' essentially from the banks, which resorted to foreign assistance, while the Central
Bank's holdings at the end of December 1980 represented additional assets of 21.6
billion CFA francs.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
9434
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NIGER
BRIEFS
ELiMINATION OF EPIDEMICS, ENDEMICS--According to a study of the governmental journal
SAHEL HEBDO, devoted to the "health revolution" in Niger, this country is no longer
experiencing epidemics of cholera or smallpox. Although some diseases, like measles,
still make their appearance sporadically, the study indicates that they are "on the
way to complete eradication." Endemic diseases, like Guinea worm, malaria and
- schistosomiasis, which during some periods r.,f the year incapacitate tens of thousands
of persons in the country, are also on the way to being overcome. These successes
have been attained as a result of the setttng up of considerable medical infrastruc-
ture throughout the country and large-scale va^cination campaigns. [Excerpt] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1869, 4 Sep 81 p 2278] [COPYRIGHT:
Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19811
~
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NIGERIA
PLANS FOR NEW CAPITAL OF ABUJA DESCRIBED
Paris NEW AFRICAN in English No 167, Aug 81 p 78
[Article by Robert Walsh: "Abuja: Makings of Africa's r,.,st Beautiful Capital"]
[Text] Nigeria's new Federal capital, at the fork of the Niger and Benue, is gradu-
ally becoming a reality. President Shehu Shagari intends moving there from Lagos
next year. Robert Walsh reports on progress.
IN DECEMBER 1975 a commieaion
under the chairmanahip of Mr Juatice
Aguda, which had been appointed less
than six months before to' adviae on a
location to replace Lagos as the Federal
capital of Nigeria, delivered ita report to
the Federal Military Government.
A few months later the government
announced ita decieion. The new Federal
capital territory would comprise some
3,000 square milea almoet in the middle
of Nigeria -"centrality" had been the
moet important single factor- juet south
of the Emirate town of Abuja, founded in
1828 by Abuja (Abu the Red), son of the
last Habe Emir of Zaria.
Hence the name Abuja has been firnaly
attached to the new capital, which is
expected to houae some 1.6-million peo-
ple by the year 2000, and ultimately
3.2-million.
Recogaised
The President has declared hia inten-
tion of moving to the new capital next
year- it is.certain that many residents of
Lagoa will move with him - and the 1983
general election is to be run from there.
This emphasisea the apeed with which
construction work hae to be completed
though it is recogniaed that it will take up
to 20 years to qomplete the city as
planned. Some of the contractore on aite
have establiahed fully developed and
serviced staff ^o:npounds for up to 200
families for tf,e:i- technical and supervis-
ory staffs.
16
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The saster plan. for Abuja, approved in
1979, envisages the city as basically
crescent�shaped, with the residential
areas fanning out from the city centre.
The prize-winning design for the new
city was presented by the distinguiahed
Japanese architect Kenzo Tange.
The central area will contain the
National Assembly, Federal and civic
government offices, the offices of other
national inetitutions, tht! principal com-
mercial area of the city and major
recreational facilities. There is also to be
an arboretum, the trees of which will
heighten the besuty of the city and
complement Aso Hill.
Surrounding both the central and the
residential areas of Abuja are a series of
hills, and to some extent they have
dictated the shape of the city. Some of the
hills create distinct boundaries. These, it
is hoped, will act as natural buffers
againet uncontrolled and undesirable
development around the city in the
future.
In the new capital will be a seriea of
parka and open spaces, taking advantage
of the exiating river valleys - the
territory is well watered - complete with
tree-lined slopes.
The dense vegetation along the river
channela is being kept both as a land-
scape feature and also to help to prevent
soil erosion. Great care ia being taken in
locating road croseinga acrose the val-
leys, and alao in aligning sewerage and
drainage pipes alongside the rivers to
reduce damage to the vegetation.
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t'l1K OC'P 1UlAL U,t; UNLY
Abuja is being built in a number of
phases. The first includes Federal Gov-
ernment buildings and other city centre
facilitiea, togetkter with the residential
areas i.nmediateTy to the north and
south. These will have a total population
of about 230,000.
Developing the new capital is going to
be both lengthy and expeneive. For
example, there are some 50 kilometres of
expresewaya to be built as well as many
kilometres of local roada. Some 300
buildings of various types have yet to be
built in the central area alone.
To give sovie sort of flavour of the scale
of the operations, the next residential
sector to be developed in Abuja is going to
need something like 400 kilometres of
drainage pipea to cope with rains, which
can raise stream levels by nine feet in 30
minutes.
Biq iavestments
So far the smellest contract awarded
was worth N60-million. Juat recently,
the Britiah consultant engineering prac-
tice Scott Wilson Fitzpatrick and Part-
ners was awarded a contract for the final
engineering deaign for the central area
with a capital coet of N300-million.
Operations on thia sort of acale will not
only demand big investments from the
firma involved, but will require new
linkages between contractors of all sorts,
a whole new range of joint ventures and
some sophisticated new approaches to
financinge
COPYRIGHT; 1981 IC Magazines Limited
CSO; 4700/482
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NIGERIA
PLANS FOR NEW PORT IN LAGOS DETAILED
Paris NEW AFRICAN in English No 167, Aug 81 pp 68, 72
[Text]
rock-hard in shipa' holda during the
three-month wait to enter ports.
Nigerian buainessmen were swindled by
crooks taking advantage of the chaoe,
and they were forced to pay heavy
demurrage fees to shipowners.
Congestion peaked in 1976-1977. But
by then a huge port expanaion scheme
was underway. The past four years have
seen a transformation in all ports, from
Apapa in Lagoa and Port Harcourt to the
smaller porta of Warri, Sapele, Ogunu
and Koko. All have undergone conaider-
able enlargement and modernieation.
Lagos has now a second port -'I5n Can
Island - which is on a par with moeL
In 1981, the NPA was hoping that ite
porta would see a through-put of about
40-million tona a year. In practice,
however, thie now looks optimistic. By
1978 the NPA has beaten the congeetion
problem. And in December of that year
any danger of it returning for some time
was firmly knocked on the head by the
gavernment's introduction of "M" forma.
The pink piecea of paper were a neat
way of increasing the red tape involved in
getting goode into the country. With "M"
forms and a pre-shipment cargo inapec-
tion scheme, organised by the Swisa-
based Societe Generale de Surveillance,
imports dropped dramatically for most of
1979. This was just what the government
wanted. It was part of a general policy to
stop the economy.becoming overheated.
Even this summer trade hae still not
got back to mid-1978 levels, and with the
drop in world oil demand now settled in,
the chances of Nigerian trade picking up
in the short-to-medium term look slim.
18
THE IRONY IS that as Nigeria settles to
coping with problema of a world oil glut,
with its depreasing effect on national
income and therefore trade, a vast new
port complex ia being atudied under the
countr}'s Fourth National Development
Plan.
Dubbed the New Ocean Terminal, the
blueprint sitea it some way to the east of
Lagos and pinpointa the coat at N300-
million. The government, encouraged by
the Nigerian Port Authority, hes visions
of cashing in on the steadily growing
seabome traffic to West Africa.
Thep're cantions
The new port would be the largest
container port in the region. Container
ships coming from Europe, the Far East
and the US'would unload there. Goods
wonld then be transhipped in smaller
vesaels to neighbouring countries.
The New Ocean Terminal is at present
very much pie in the sky, but cautious
initial planning suggests that the gov-
ernment does not wish to repeat the
mistakea of the past.
Nigeria was wholly unprepared for the
huge trade boom created by the quadru-
pling of world oil pricea in 1974. As a
major oil producer, Nigeria benefited.
But the resultant congestion of imported
goods at outdated ports will never be
forgotten.
HeBVy feea
Millians of nairas-worth of goods were
damaged, stolen, lost or had to be
abandoned - like the cement which went
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But when the uptum dces occur, as it
surely will, the NPA will have a string of
modern ports to meet the upsurge,
including, it is hoped, the new super
port*
COPYRIGHT: 1981 IC Magazines Limited
CSO: 4700/482
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NIGERIA
BRIEFS
BORDER FENCE--Nigeria is now proceeding to put in a system to reinforce its borders
by means of an impenetrable fence 5 meters high all along them. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Sep 81 n 22791 COPYRIruT! Rene
Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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SENEGAL
SRIEFS
CISSOKO ON FRENCH RELATIONS--Renegotiation of the Franco-Senegalese cooperation
agreements and evacuation of the French military bases in Senegal were demanded
by Seydou Cissoko, secretary general of the Independence and Labor Party (PIT,
Marxist-Leninist, pro-Soviet), following the constituent congress of that party
which took place in Dakar at the beginning of August. Mr. Cissoko, who returned
from the Soviet Union where he had been undergoing treatment for 7 years, felt
that a renegotiation of the Franco-Senegalese agreements was now possible with the
participation of Communist ministers in the French Socialist Government. PIT,
which is one of Senegal's 10 legal political parties, was the result of a split
within the former African Independence Party (PAI, established in 1957). Another
party, which also claims to be inspired by "scientific socialism," and which was
set up by Majmouth Diop, continues to bear this name. /Text/ lParis MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1867 21 Aug 81 p 21587 LCOPYRIGHT:
Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19817 9434
RND SUPPORT OF SENEGAMBIA--A second Senegalese opposition party has just spoken
in favor of union with Gambia. Indeed, following the Senegalese Republican Move-
ment (see MTM of 14 August 1981, p 2105), the Democratic National Rally (RND)
indicated, on 13 August, that "the future of Gambia lies in a federation with
Senegal on the basis of free determination." This point of view was developed by
its secretary general, Sheik Anta Diop, during a press conference, the first since
the recognition of the party on last 18 June. Mr Diop, whose party condemned tte
intervention of Senegalese troops in Gambia in a communique, but without signing a
joint statement by seven Senegalese opposition parties on the events in Banjul,
stated that RND condemned the use of force in any form whatsoever. /_Text7 LParis
_ MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1867 21 Aug 81 p 215g LCOPYRIGHT:
Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19817 9434
SAR EXPANSION--The African Refining Company has just entrusted Heurtey Industries
with the expansion of the M'Bao refining plant near Dakar. This contract, calling
for turnkey construction, which is the outcome of sustained competition and a
basic study carried out by Heurtey Industries, includes studies, supplies, con-
struction and assistance in starting up operations. It includes the following
installations: extension of atmospheric distillation units (increase in capacity
from 900,000 tons to 1,380,000 tons per ear, in catalytic reforming and hydro-
treating (increase in capacity from 14 J/h to 19 m3/h); modification of storage
facilities, auxiliary and general services; diesel oil desulphurization unit, IFP
Lexpansion unknown/ process (capacity 210,000 tons per year); kerosene-based Merox
21
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unit, UOP /expansion unknown/ process (capacity 215,000 tons per_year) The
deadline for completion of the plant as a who]e is 23 months. /Text/ LParis
- MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERR.ANEENS in French .Io 1867 21 Aug 81 p 21587
/COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19817
LAYING OF ISRA FOUNDATION STONE--On 8 August at Saint-Louis, Jacques Diouf, the
Senegalese secretary of state for scientific and tEChnical research, laid the first
stone of the future headquarters of the Senegalese ASricultural Research Institute
(ISRA), which will be transferred from Dakar to the river region's chief town.
According to Jacques Diouf, this transfer, which is a result of the government's
wish to revive Saint-Louis, will make it possihle, starting with the Diama and
Manatali dams, to establish agricultural development on solid scientific bases.
It will also facilitate interaction between ISRA and Gaston Berger University's
Faculty of Economic and Juridical Sciences. In his speech, the minister praised
the outlays agreed to for execution of the project by the Senegalese state in its
equipment budget and out of ISRA's own funds, as well as those of countries friendly
to Senegal, such as the United States of America, through USAID, the United Nations
- Interim Fund for Science and Technology, and lastly France. %ext/ %Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1867 21 Aug 81 p 21597 /COPYRIGHT:
Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 19817 9434
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SIERRA LEONE
- LOOTING, VIOLENCE REPORTED IN MAKENI
AB191210 London REUTER in English 0903 GMT 19 Sep 81
_ [Text] Freetown, Sierra Leone, 19 Sep (REUTFR)--Looting and violence broke out in
the northern provincial capital of Makeni af ter a visit by President Siaka Stevens,
- travellers arriving from the area said today.
Hundreds of workers and teachers rampaged through the streets of the town of
_ 45,000 people yesterday. Shops were looted and all local services brought to a
halt.
The town could not be reached by telephone and it was not clear early today
whether order had been restored.
The travellers said a senior official who went to the area was unable to enter
the town and turned back after rioters ripped the flag staff off his official car.
There was no word of casualties or arrests and police in the capital declined to
comment on the situation.
Travellers said the teachers were protesting at the decision by the Northern
Provinces Teachers Association not to have anything to do with a general strike
called on September l.
- The Sierra Leone Labour Congress called its 250,000 members out on strike to
press demands for economic reforms, including food price cuts and better housing.
CSO: 4700/513
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UGANDA
OAU URGED TO REVIEW ITS OWN CHARTER, END COUNTRY'S TERROR
Paris NEW AFRICAN in English No 167, Aug 81 p 5
- [Editorial: "Uganda in Torment: A Re-Think Necessary If It's To Be Healed"]
[Text] he wave of violence in~Uganda, in which the lack of
Tlaw and order hae thrown the country into near-
anarchy, demanda immediate remedial action. It ie now
seven months since Dr Milton Obote aeeumed power via
an election atill thought, in eome circlea at any rate, to
have been rigged.
Aa is the wont of many a new administration, Obote
returned on a platform of peace and unity. He e:teaded
eentimenta of reconciliation to hia rivals, whom he
invited to help re-build the nation battered for a decade
by one calamity aflkr another.
But the early prnmiee ofgoodwill to all men eooa faded.
~ Oppositioa 4uickly turnedto violence. The fledgling
Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA), ia ooncert
with the Tanzaaian peaoekeeping force, warmed to their
taek. Reporta started filtering out of the soldiers'
ezceesee, particularly of t2ye ill-trained UNLA. Govern-
ment money waa ahort; eome Ugandan soldiera were not
paid for weeks on en,d and turaed to make up their pay
with a campaign of looting, destruction and intimidation,
leaving in ita wake hundrede df civilian dead.
One echool of tboughti believes that Obote is himself a
prisoner of the unmitigating circumstanoes facing
LJganda; that he can do nothing but "stay. ia line" while
turningthe pmverbial biind eye to the exceeeee of the
army. Further, that Obote can remain secure in power
only if he doee not irritate hie rea2 wer base - the army.
It is noteworthy that the couatr new Parliament hae
two military officers. ' Whatever the righta and wronge of thie aeeeesment, it
ia clear that despite government knowledge of well-
documented acte of abuee of power by ths army, Qbote
has only admitted a meaeure of "misbehaviour" on their
Part� It would, of oourse, be misleadinsr to suggest that the
preeent leaderehip ie reepuneiblor all the problems
facing Uganda today. We are reminded of the
unlamented deepot Idi- Amin Dada, who during hia
nine-year reiRn of terror reduced Uganda'e eoonomy to
24
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chaoe. Ironically, it waa Amin, thea geaerally seen a`the
"liberatoi'' of tbe Ugandan people, who ended Obote'ei
tempeetuous first presidency.
It ia ead that the probleme of Uganda did not feature
iduring the reoent summit of the Organieatioa of
African Unity (OAin in Kenya. We caa, of couree,
pre-empt the ezplanation of thie. Custodians of the
or$anisation'a charter have, overthe years, been quick to
point out that ita principlea eacpreeely forbid member-
etates from interfering in the internal affaira of other
membere. ,
But, if the OAU couldex
preea an opinion - to say no
more - on Chad, where there was a strong foreign
involvement (Libyan? French?) in the faction Fghting,
could they not have done eo in Uganda's caee? Is there not
an urgent need to end the long-range terror caanpaign of
Amin, conducted from his reported refuge among hia
3audi co-religionists?
lt is no good for the OAU to shy away from auch crucial
iseuea in Africa. In the past such diffidence hae had the
effect of paseing our problema to foreiga, often Weetern
powera. Ie this not the neo-oolonialism the organieation is
auppoeed to fight?
The iesue is of euch immense. importance, we feel, that
a call for the revision of the OAU'e Charter should aleo be
made in taudem. It ia imperative that the organieation
move away from the "toothlese bulldog" image. ARer all,
the era of the independence euphorio� of the late 1950s
and 1960a has long pasaed.
C learly the Charteee principles, largely representa-
tive of theaepirations of that time, now fail to reflect
the new mood of African thinking. The late American
civil righte leader, Martin Luther Kmg Jr. ueed tn argue
that a man diee at 36, if at that age he ceaees atops to
believe in, reaoncile and fight for hie principlea, even
tlwugh he lives on to be 60 years old. The OAU will have
died prematurely at 18 yeare if it is not prepared to come
to gripe with realities now. '
Though the introdudion of an African peacekeeping
foroe would have been the beet ehort�term solution while
the politicians eorted out the mess, we feel that the
current chairman ought to taks up the matter.
For tlleir part, the authorities in Uganda r.~uat be seen
to make a genuins effort to stamp out the.rampant abuse
power �which has percolated most echelons of
government, if they hope to regain the confidencs of the
people. Moat important is the govenlment's control of the
armed forces, whatever the hazarda.
M aintang law and order will beoome even more
difficult with the withdrawal of Tanzanian troops,
for long tbe only credible atabilieing force in the conntry.
Though the obvious economic burden must feature
prominently in the decision of President Nyerere of
Tanzania to pull out, othere feel that the Tanzaniana no
longer want to be identified with the excesees of the
Ugandan aoldier.
25
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It ia imqortant to note that the problema facing Uganda
are also facing many other African ouuntries, though not
' necessarily of the same magnitude. A plan must be
' devieed for a collective solution. Africa can no longer
afford to think in proee and talk in verseo
COPYRIGHT: 1981 IC Magazines Limited
CSO: 4700/482-E
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BRIEFS
ZAMBIA
COAL DEPOSITS--The Zambian minister of mines, Mufaya Mumbana, stated on 30 July
, that the discovery of a large coal deposit near the Kafue national park was immi-
nent. He stated that the Zambian geoiogical research department was at that time
in the process of verifying the existence_of_a deposit extending from Lalafuta in
; the north to Machili in the south. LText/ LParis MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French No 1867 21 Aug 81 p 21747 LL'OPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981/ 9434
PURCHA.�;E OF RA?LROAD CARS--The Zambian minister of transport and communications,
_ Rajah Kunda, stated at the beginning of August that Zambia intended to buy, in
Zimbabwe, 235 freight cars which would be used on behalf of Zambia on the Benguela
~ railroad which links Zambia with the port of Zobito through Angolan territory.
The funds that will be used to buy these freight cars will be provided by the
~ European Econamic Community. LText/ %Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
,[TOPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981/
in French No 1867 21 Aug 81 p 21747
9434
CSO: 4719/348 END
; 27
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