JPRS ID: 10012 WORLDWIDE REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400050062-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 62
• Content Type: REPORTS

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_ JPRS L/ 10012
25 S~ptember 1981
~ V\/orldwide Re ort
p
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
~ (FOUO 5/81)
- FB~~ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
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JPRS L/10012
25 September 1981
WORLDWIDE REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL ~UALITY
(FOUO 5/81)
CONTENTS
ASIA
.7APAN
Nitrogen Oxide Emission C ontrols for Diesels To Require
13 Percent Cut
- (JAPAN TIMES, 30 May 81) 1
EAST EUROPE
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
High-Quality Industrial Duat Filter Developed
(Jiri Albrecht-; TECHNICKY TYDENNIK, No 16, 1981) 3
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
SAUDI ARABIA
Briefs
Desalination Plan t 8
- a - [III - WW - ].39 FOUO]
Fl1R l1FFf!'i ~ TCF l11VT V
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JAPAN
i1ITROGEN OXIDE E~IISSION CONTROLS FOR DIESELS TO REQUIRE 13 PERCENT CUT
Tokyo J~?PAIV TIrfES in English 30 r:ay 81 p 2
~Text~
The Environment :1~ency Large truck~ and buses ~~�ith a
decided Frida~� to introduce a ~.:i~terent [}~pe ~f diesel en~ine
new emission control standard ~~~ill be subject to tlie 1983
in 19R3 tu reduce N Ox con- controlstandards.
_ ' centratlons in exhaust tumes ps a result, all types of
trom large diesel engine trucks gasolinc and diesel automobiles
and buses by 1:; percent (rom K�ill be subjec[ to the \Ox
the present le~�els. emission control standards in
The agency als~ decided to 199i, the agency said.
, introduce a ne~~� noise control 7'he first noise control
standard alsu in 19R.; to reduce standr.rd ~cas announced Cor
noise le~~els ui trucks and passenger cars in September
microbuces u�ith a load last ~~ear for enforcement from
capacit~~ of 3 to ~ tons by three ne~t vear.
phons. ~tost oi the large trucks and
The agenc~~ said permissible buses ha~~e a diesei engine that
le~~els of \Os concentration in is driven by directl~~ injec[ing
e~haust fumes trom la?�ge fuel into the combustion
diesel engine trucks and bu~e. chamber.
and ne~.s noi~e Ic~~els of the !t has been considered dif-
trucks and microbuses �~ould ~e ficult to reduce ~Ox con-
announced in au;ust alter centration in exhausl gas from
consultations ~~�ith the 1'rans� such trucks and bu~cs.
sport Jiinistry. tio�~ever, the F.n~~ironment
!~Ox emission control ;tand- .q~enc~!'s ad~~isory~ bod~� hns
ards tor aulo exhaust :umes reccnlly come up ~~~ith a repm�t
w~ere tirst inlroduced in 197:,. that i! has become technicall~:
Passenaer cars are no�~ feasible to reduce \Ox
subject to the 19~R ~Ox emissions [rom these vehicles
em:ssion control standard5. n}~ 1:; percent by intrnducing a
Trucks. micr~buses, ~~nd other ne�~ eombustion chamb~r a~;d
gawline en~ine automohiles as impro~�ing air irtakn, e~haust
~ccll as a ccrtain t~~pc oi dic~el
enaine ~~chicles arc nrn~r suhjcrl and [u~l injection s~~st~~m:.
to the 1J~1 and i0;~ cnntrol .lapan's automohilr o~~~ner-
~:~:~rci~. ship ~ti�as:;; mi!lion as ~~i the erd
~
- ~
FnR (1FH TrT ~ * ~�c~ nrif v
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rvrt uCrLl.1r~L Uoc, U(VLI
or aiarch ts~u. Plan to Cut NOx
Ot this [igure. 9U-i,UUO buscs
and trucks, slightly less than'.5 The Cabine[ Frida~� derided
percent, ha~�e direct injection ~n a plan to reform part ot the
diesel engines. :~ir Pollution I.a~c in nrder to
Hou~ever, according to an restric[ aggre~a~e amounts of
estimate made b}� the agency on nitrogen oxide~ i\Qx ~ b~~
the basis of a sur~~e;: in Toky~o areas.
and three adjacen[ prelecture:, [:nder the plan the oo~~ern-
such truchs and tw~es ac- ment is to carr~~ out, a per-
counted fur _�O.i percent of Ihe missible le~~el of \0~ is set ior
- total \Ox emissions. each area and each factor~~ is
Therefore, much expectation required to cooperate in
has been placed on the reduc- restricting the concentration of
I~Ox for the arca.
tion of auto \Ox emissions ;~t presen[, each plant is
- through the introducifon of \Ox requested not to discharge ti0x
control star.aards ~or such above a i~en allou~able Ie~~el.
trucks anr buses. ~
C;nder the planned noise .according to the leQi~la[i~~e
contrni standards, trucks and P?an. ttie total amount cor.trol
microbuses �~ith a loading s}�stem ~~~ill be applied to the
�~ards of Tok~~o, Jlusashino.
ca~acit}� of 2 to ~ tons are 1[itaka, Chotu, Flo~~a and
required ro reduce c;ieir noise
output by thrce phons beginr.ing Knmae ('foh}~o1, ~'okohama,
in1923. Ka~~�asaki. 1'oko~uka
However. small ~�ehicles ~hanaga~ea Pretecturei,
wefghing less than 3.a tons, Osaka, Sakai. To~�onaka. Suita.
which are more numerous than Izumiotsu. Jloriguchi Itirakala,
the medium-si2e automobiles, 1'ao, \e~~agawa. ~Iatsubara,
1re to he exempted Crom the Dailo, Kadoma, Settsu,
1JP3 control stanciards because Takaishi, Higashi-Osaka,.
of technical di[ticulties in Shijona~vate, and Katano
reducing their noise output. t Osaka Prefecture~.
COPYRIGHT : THE JAP~1V TIMES 1981
CSO: 5000/!+530
_ 2
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CZECHOSL(ZVARIA
HIGH-QUALITY INDUSTRIAL DUST FILTER DEVELOPED
Prague TECI~TICKY TYDENNIK in Czech No 16, 1981 p 9
[Article by Eng Jiri Albrecht, CSc: "An Imgorr~r Stride Toward Prot-ectior_ of the
Atmosphere"]
~TextJ Particulate matter fro~ a wide variety of industrial sources is increasingly ~
- polluting the environment, causing considerable harm. Separating equipment which
varies widely in effectiveness is used to trap it. Accordingly, industrial filters
based on intermittent trapping of the particulate matter on f.ilter fabric and re-
moval of the dust layer from it are coming to the fore. The main advantage of in-
dustrial f ilters is their excellent separating ability: while mechan.ical (cyclone)
separators allow hundreds of milligrams of particulate matter per cubic meter of
air to pass and electrical filters at their best pass 50 to 100 mg/m3, industrial
filters purify the air to 10 to 50 mg/m3.
Industrial filter research and development is concentrated in the Research Inst.itute
of Air Engineering in Prague. While before 1970 the development of ~ndustrial ~
filtration was backward, in recent years it has had much success. The institute
has completed develepment of the Finet standard series of modern filter fabrics,
working together with the Wool Research Institute in Brno, and has put it into .
series production at Nitop Mimon. At the same time, the institutes have completed
development and started production of the FKA industrial filter, which decreases the
output concentration to 20 mg/m3. This has concluded the f irst comprehensive stage
in the long-term plan for development of industrial filtration, bringing Czecho-
slovakia to the level of advanced foreign producers of filtration equipment.
What About Fine Dust?
Research and development have also aimed at a radical decrease in~. particulate matter
in industrial filters and at capturing so-called "fine particles." The institute
ha.s accomplished the state plan assignment "High-Eff iciency Filtration for Industrial
Purposes (1.977-19801," aimed at deyelopin.g a new high-effi~iency f ilter whi~h would
gi~re o�tp�it concentrati.on~ below t mb~m3 thrnughout the lifeti.me of the filter
fabric.
It i~ well known tha_t ~i~e F~ner wo~~en filter texr.,ilPs make i.t pc~ssible to decrease
outp~~t concentrations. B�t we kn~w from exp?rience rhat in ac*ual operatiem, even
~,*hen they use woven f ilter fa~rics, domestic and fore3gn f ilters have ou~put con-
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centrations on the order of 10 to 50 mg/m3. Before work began o~a the assignmeut,
all of the factors affecting the output concentration were identified: the quality
of the filter fabric, its sha.p~e, the regeneration method used on the dust-covered
fabric, the reliability of the attachment of �ilter textiles under operating condi-
tions, the design of the sepa.rat3ng baffles between the clean and dirty sides of
the f ilr.er, and the reinforcement of the fabric.
All of these factors were analyzed in detail and the f indings were used to design
the FKB f ilter. For high-eff iciency f il.tration, ttee new textile Finet-PES-4/NZ
(produced by Nitop Mimon), which fully meets all requirements and demonstrated
satisfactory characteristics in tests using Spongelit test dust, was developed. The
experience gained in monitoring the operation of the earlier FKA filter was used in
the design of the FKB.
Two Possibilities for Regeneration
During development, a bag-type f ilter insert of new design with a filter surface
of 25 mm made from one piece of filter f~.taric 23 meters long was tested. The ease
of producing these liners and the minimum length of the connection eliminate the
danger of high leakage which frequency occurred in hose-type connections. The baffle
wall between the clean and dust-covered side of the filter is manufactured 3n such
a way that leaks are prevented in the production process. Tighteness of the filter
textiles within the f ilter during replacement and operation is an especially im-
portant matter. For example, changing the f ilter hoses in earlier f ilters is ex-
tremely toilsome, and the quality of the work depends only on the care with which
it is performed. Experience shows that individual hoses are often incorrectly
clamped. The clamping of the FKB f ilters is different from that used in the FKA.
The new so-called "two circuit" clamping makes 3ncorrect fastening 3mpossible even
by unskilled personnel. The FKB is regenerated by reverse blawing either with air
from the surroundings of the filter or with purif ied air from the blower output.
- The filter has the same design for both methods,~and output and connecting parts are
added. The positive-draft part of th~: air-engineering equipment may be opera�ted in
tHe case of FKB filters regenerate~ with purif ied air, by using a separate blowback
fan.
The institute devoted particular attention to reinforcing filter fabrics to make
them keep their shape. A synthetic reinfor~ement usable at ai~ temperatures up to
- 90� C which is being prepared will considerably decreas~ overall labor inputs re-
quired by the f ilter.
During the development process, four FF:B 4/100 f ilters were also produced. The first
has been in use in the laboratory of the Research Institute of Air Engineering in
Prague as part of its measuri.ig line. The measurements obtained using Spongelit
test dust ~n an PKB filter fitted with the high-efficiency Finet-PES-4/NZ fabiic
surprised everyone participating in the assignment. Such low output concentrations
(in the thousandths of a milligram per cubic meter) had not been expected even in
extremes of optimism these e:ccellent f ilter characteristics had to be tested in
industry. It was decided to �nstall f ilters at Solo Susice, which planned to
return the purified air to tY^e working area, at Kovohute Mnisek (whers the dust that
had to be separated was extrer.~ely f3ne), and at the Zemedelsky Agricultural Purchase
and Supply Enterprise r~ilin.
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g Excellent Operating Results
At Solo Susice the dust is exhausted from lines where Sololit boards are sanded.
The grinding dust is one of the finest and most clinging types of dust. Measure-
ments were made during 1979 and 1980 at filter speeds of 4 cm/sec and 5.2 cm/sec.
The average output concentration for 44 measurements was O.OQ65 mg/m3 and the
average pressure losses 682 Pa (filtration speed 4 cm/sec) and 979 Pa (5.2 cm/sec).
The experiments showed that the FKB filter could be used in the wood--processing
industry when the purified air was to be returned to the work area. Energy savings
in a single winter period amount to 15 percent of the purchase price of the f il~er,
" so that the users recoup their investment is less than 7 years.
- The FKB filter has been in use at Kovohute Mnisek since 1979 to trap parkiculate
matter from an electric arc furnace used in the production of silicon. The dust is
extremely f ine, with an average particle size of 0.29 micrometers, and with 85
percent of the particles smaller than 0.5 micrometers. A filter from the French
Prat-Daniel company is in use there. The FKB filter is now in operation under the
same load (filtration speed 1 cm/sec) and is coruiected to the duct between the
cooler and the Prat-Daniel f ilter. In December 1979 the F'KB was connected to the
automstic unit con~rolling the Prat-Daniel filter and has since been operating
simultaneously with it. By the end of 1980 it had been in operation for 5,400 hours
and 22 measur~ments had been made. The average output concentration was 0.049
mg/m3 and the average pressure loss 2.414 Pa. Comparison with the output concentra-
tion from the Prat-Daniel f ilter, which ranges from 20 to 60 mg/m3, indicates un-
ambiguously the quality of our filter.
The fourth FKB filter was produced and installed by workers in the shops of the
Agriculr.ural Purchase and Supply Enterprise in Prague (KUD [Kra~ Maintenance Shop]
Uhlirske Janovice) in accordance with documentation that was furnished. In this case,
the effect on filter quality, i.e. on its high eff iciency, resulting from manufacture
by different producer was studied. This FKB 4/100 f ilter using Finet-VL/POP f ilter
fabric was installed in the grinding compound production area ~f the Agricultural
Purchase and Supply Enterprise plant in Milin, and since December 1979 has been
separating particulate matter from transport routes and equipment for the production
of fodder mixtu~es (two-shift operation). By the end of last year it ha.d been in
operation for more than 400 hours; the average output concentration was 0.031 mb/m3
and the pressure loss was 956 Pa (f iltration speed 2.1 cm/sec).
Production in a Repair and Maintenance Shop
FKB filters have been tested in facilities where the dust to be separated varied
_ widely in character and f3neness. The summary value of all output concentration
measurements is 0.026 mg/m3. There were no malfunctions, and with the exception of
the collection mechanisms th~ filter requires no maintenance, and its production
entails no subsupply other than the electric motors that drive it. Any ordinarily
equipped shop can produce it. A lifetime of at least 15,000 operating hours is
expected for the bag-type f ilter liners.
f,. complete set of technical specif ications, including a description of the f ilter,
- the range of uses, performance characteristics, weight, pr;~ci.pal dimensions and
~~onnector dimen~i~ns, installation jnstructions, and electrical control design sug-
gestions and circuits, has been developed. A complete set of drawings and produc-
tion documentation f~r the type series is available. But the greatest problem is
5
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- production of zhe filters. Accordi.ng to its operating plan~, by 1984 ZWZ [Air
Engineering Equipment Plants] Milevsko is to produce eight F:tB filters. Many enter-
prlses wlzich urgencly need them will be producing them in their own shops accordin.~
to the institu~e's documentation.
Thus a new high-efficiency industrial filter which returns air to the surround~ngs
with a much lower than usual impurity content has been prepared. The output con--
centratiion far below 1 nnb/m3 places our FKB at the top of current industrial filtpr
development worldwide. We imow of no producer abroad who offers a filter with com-
parable characteristics.
The high-ef~iciency FKB industrial filter is an iunportant success of Czechoslovak ~
research and development. Its use will radically limit particulate matter in many
industrial operations and thus will decrease the harm done to the natural surround-
ings and human health by industrial discharges. ~
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~
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Sch~n:a uysokoGl'inn~ho prdmysiou~ho ~tit~u FKB: skNf~l ifit~u 1, ustupnt
dti - 2, ~fitrnMst kapsovd ulotka - 3, unltl~nf uyzlu! - 9, un~~~t uyz~ut - 5,
t~snlc! 1tS~a - 6, ustupnt komora 7, ~Iltral'nt komora - 8, ufjstupni komo-
ra~ - 9, ~e,qeneratnl za?tzenf - 10, ufjstupnt dff - I1, proplachouact pofru�
bt - 12, uentlldtor - 13.
The high-efficiency FKB industrial filter.
Key: 1. Filter housing . 8. Filter chamber
2. Inlet section 9. Outlet chamber
3. Bag-type filter liner 10. Regeneration equipment
4. Inner reinforcement 11. Output section
5. Outer reinforcement 12. Blowback duct
6. Sealing bar 13. Blower
7. Inlet chamber
8480
CSO: 5000/3022
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;
SAL'DI ARABIA
BRIEFS
DESALINATION PLANT--Nagoya, 22 May (JIJI PRESS)--Ishikawakima-Harima Heavy Ind~s-
tries, Ltd (INI) will ship 1.5 units of sea water desalination facilities, w~i~h
have been recently completed at itsAichi plant in Chita, to Saudi Arabia next
Tuesday. It earlier landed a 53-billion-yen (about $265 million) order far a
total of 10 units from Saline Water Conversion Corp of the des~~rt kingdom. The
equipment with multistage flash distillation process is capable of d+esalt~~g
23,600 tcns of sea water a day. The remaining 8.5 units will be f~.nished by
February next year. These facilities will constitute part of the world'~ largest
sea water desa~ination plant to supply industrial and drinking water to a huge
industrial complex (the second phase) now under construction at A1 Jubayl. [Text]
[Tokyo JIJI in English 1409 GMT 22 May 81 OW]
CSO: 5000 END
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