JPRS ID: 9736 USSR REPORT POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL AFFAIRS

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• Sequence Number: 32
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9982
- 14 September 1981
China Re ort
_ p
POLlTICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILItARY AFFAIRS
(FOUO 15/81)
F~~~ FOREIGN BROADCA~T INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9982
14 September 19~1
CHINA REPORT
POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
(FOUO 15/81)
CONTENTS
BSDALE'S REP~IDLIC OF CHINA
MLLITARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
Units, Individuals Distinguish ~mselves in Border War With
Vie tiiam
(.TIEFANGJIIN BAO, 2 Apr 73) ..................e..................... 1
Third Battalion, by Li ~en
Attackson Hil]s 391, 9
Vigilance Agaius t Soviet Incursioas in He3ho Reported
(.TIEFANGJi~T BAO, 2 Apr 5
PLA Units Solve Offshore Islaund Li~ring Problems
(Xu Bos~g, et al.; JIEFANGJ@t BAO, 2 Apr Z4`~ 8
Military Exploits of ~unnan Border Defense Units Reported
(JIEFANG.TZA~T BAO, 2 Apr 79) ]1
Zhao 7.honglin, by ~ang Lingxiao9 et al.
Wenrong, by Wan~. Rtaofeng, Fan Kuangfu
Li Shuibo, by Bang Gui, et:al.
Need for ~orough Knowledge of Enemy Emphaaized
(Huo Dongyou, Yang Yuchen; . JIEFANGJ[l~i BAO, 2 Apr 79) 14
Training Refo rm Based on Border War Experience
_ (JIEFANGJUN BAO, 16 Apr 79)~ 18
Introduction
Overthrown Grenades, by Wang 7hixiang
Bayonet, Grei:ade Training, by Ren Haiquan
~ree FYghts, Three Defenses, by Sun Fengrang
Bayonet Training, by Su Jianxin
- a - [IIZ - CC - 80 FOUO]
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Arduous Struggle Viewed as Key to P~ture
(JIEFANGJUN BAO, 26 Apr 79) 22
Company Political Instructor Dies in Heroic Feat
(JIEFANGJUN BAO, 26 Apr 79) 25
Division Leadership Solti~es Pmblems at Basic Level
(Yuan 7hanxian; JIEFANGJi~i BAO, ~3 May 79) 27
Uni*s Make Equipment for ~aining in Attack, Defense
(JIEFANGJUN BAO, 8 May 79) 29
Unit 81235's Innovations, by Bai Yuzhang
Unit 83123's Training Ground, by Huang ~ang~in
Unit 84806's Teach ing Plans, by Yu Anfu
Regiment Improves Tactics by Studying Actual Warfare
- (Fan Yiin; JIEFANGJLTN BAO, $ May 79) 32
' P~,A Unit Information, Designations 33
Information on Military, Other Personnel 35
- - b -
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MILITARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
UNITS, INDIVIDUALS DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES IN BORDER WAR WITH VIETNAM
Third Battalion
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79 p 1 �
[Article by Li Zhen [2621 3791]: "Take Lead in Spearheading Attack: Distinguish
Selves in Self-Defense Counterattack; 446 Men in 78 Units of Third Battalion of a
Certain Border ~Defense Unit Gloriously Distinguish Selves"]
[TextJ In the course of eombat during the self-defense counterattack, the
co~ander of the third battalion of a certain Guangxi border defense unit spear-
headed an attack, outstandingly fulfilling combat duties and winning a silk banner
bearing the words, "Spearhead Battalion in Storming and Capturing Luongson.~~
Four hundred forty-six men in 57 squads, in 16 platoons, in 5 companies
distinguished themselves with honor.
.go
In the course of combat during the self-defense counterattack, the co~ander of
the third battallion was responsible for making a deep thrust and in continutng to
adnance. With the ferocity of a tiger and the persistence of Mt. Tai, the
battalion took only 1 hour and 40 minutes to attack and occupy tt-~e Luongson
Provincial Administrative Committee, and to go on to defend it tenaciqusly for 7
days and nights. In the attack on Phannh3en, cadres and soldiers of the eight
company courageously and stubbornly, fought and attacked ferociously, traversing
six mountain tops one after another to capture Khoacaosan. They fought
continuously, bravely making deep thrusts, attacking and conquering with~one fell
swoop the high ground to the east and we~t of Phannhien, putting to flight one
enemy company and killing 2a of the enemy, seizing a large quan::.ity of weapons and
ammunition, and cutting off the enemy~s escape route from Phannhien, to create
favorable conditiona for the total annihilation of the enemy at Phannhien. In
an attack of an unnamed height to the northwest of Dandang, all the comrades in
the company dared to fight and to do their best, wiping out five enemy firing
points, sub~ugating the highest mountain peak at aa elevation above sea level of
more than 470 meters, and annihilat~ng 26 enemy. In the battle for Luongson,
they were full of fight, and like a steel knife plunging directly into the
enemy's heart, they took the Luongson Provincial Administrative Committee with
one stroke, receiving a group citation first class for meritorious service.
~ Higher authority awarded th~m a silk banner bearing the words "Heroic Dagger
Company." In the battle for Bangoaosan and Luongson, the machine gun company
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closely coordinated with a company of infantry, bravely killing the enemy, using
the power of the weapons in their hands to wipe out more than 20 of the enemy's
firing points, and winning a group commendation second class for meritorious
aervice.
In the course of this counterattack combat, a great deal of heroism took place
in the third battalion, superb co~nanders and yourlg soldiers coming to the fore.
Deputy battalion co~ander Xu Ziqing [6079 5261 3237J led a"commando company" in
four separate attacks. In the attack on Bangoaisan, whe~. the advance of the ninth
company main attack force was held up, he braved the ferocious shelling of the
enemy to get to the front line where he bravely and resourcefully concentrated
firepowQr to suppress the enemy. He then rapidly outflanked the enemy to envelop
his rear, bravel}r attacked the mountain top, and defeated an enemy company. In
the battle for Luongson, he led the eighth company in the first attack on the
Luongson Provincial Administrative Committee and the Provincial Academy, winning
a commendation second class for me~itnrio;;s service. A young company commaizder,
Yang Chaoming [2799 6389 2494], led his unit in an assault that captured fortifica-
tiQns, daring to fight a hard-fought battle. When the forces launched a general
attack aga~nst Luongson, he led comrades in his company in a direct thrust agai.nst
a large railroad bridge, defeating the enemy who tenaciously guarded the bridge,
to win a co~endation second class for meritorious service. In the battle for
Bangoaisan on the perimeter of Luongson, eighth company soldier Xiao Yicheng
[5135 4448 2052] found that the ninth company had been cut off by an enemy heavy
machinegun firing point. In order to win victory and without regard for his own
safety, he led four comrades in an attack to outflank and envelop the enemy and
draw the enemy's firepower. With the clener use of a hand grenade, he blew up the
firing point and then led an assault on the position, killing eight enemies on
the spot and capturing one heavy machinegun, and an assault rifle, clearing the
obstacle for the ninth conpany, and winning a first class commendation for
~ meritorious service.
Cadres and soldiers in this battalion responsible for communications liaison and
assuring logistics also made great contributions to combat victory. In dayl:Lght
and in darkness, in wind and rain, and even when cut off by enemy artillery fire,
communications squad leader He Xinchun j0149 2450 2504] got instructions f ron
higher command to each company on time. During the attack on Bangoaisan, ninth
_ company's walkie-talkies were destroyed, and contact broken. At this critical
_ time, he stepped forward bravely and resourcefully to travel through several of
the enemy's interdiction lines to deliver orders from higher authority to the
ninth company. Meeting the enemy on his way back, he was fearless. He opened
fire on them, killing two enemy on the. spot, and captu;-tng one recoiless rifle
and one squad machinegun, earning a courmendation secorid class for valor. Eighth
_ company mess officer, Li Kangcai [7812 1660 2088], led the mess squad and company
detail personnel in the delivery of water, food, and ammunition to the front line
and rescuing the wounded, braving enemy artillery fire to do so, to assure
- victory in battle, thereby cainning a second citation second class.
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Attacls on Hill,s 391, 9
B~ijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79, p 2
[Article: "The Mnst Lovable People in the New Generation"]
- [Text] Editor's Note: During the fighting in the self-defense
counterattack to protect our borders, vast numbers of commanders
in the Yunnan Border Defense Force were united as one, shared
a bitter hatred of the enemy, were bold, powerful and indomitable,
and completely invincible. They attacked Laocai, fought at
Batay, conquered Mangliem, and captured Camduong, rolling up the
enemy like a mat in a demonstration of both natianal and military
prowess that stirred military and popular morale. Here some of
their combat exploits are intYOduced to the readership.
The Attack on Hill "391"
Hill "391" was a high point on the Vietnam side of the Sino-Vietnam border along a
line running from Nama Lapman to Thaplap, and it was also a strongpoint at
which the Vietnamese aggressors in this area were entrenched to make attacks on
our side of the border. Here the mouatain terrain is difficult of access, mountain
forests and canyons lining both sides. On the front of the hill only a spine
like a fishes backbone served as a passage. Atop the ridge, the Vietnamese
agressors had set up four or five defense lines, constructing a firepower network
to interdict the passage by constructing vertical and horizontal interconnecting
trenches, bunkers, and emplacements. A deputy regimental co~ander and captain
_ in the Vietnamese aggressor army was in personal command of the hi11.
'r
At 3:10 pm on the afternoon of 18 February, a certain regiment of our border
defense forces launched an attack on hill "391." Artillery troops first used
their firepower to clear the roads. The fierce artillery fire frightened the
enemy out of their wits. The f3rs*_ line of defense was very quickly wiped out
_ by our forces. Then, the first battalion and the third batallion attacked, one
from a hill to the south, and the other from the northwest flank. The task
of making a frontal assault was handed to the fourth company, which had a glorious
~ tradition of fierce fighting and fierce attack.
The cadres and soldiers of the fourth company carried forward this glorious
tradition, and braving a rain of concentrated fire, it moved along the ridge to
make a fierce,;:~sault. The company commander was out in front leading the
attack, firing at the enemy while he climbed along the precipitous mountain road.
The deput}~ squad leader of the rocket launcher squad, Tang Canshuang [0781 3503
7175~, braved the shower of whistling bullets to attack the enemy's bunkers,
destroying one after another of the enemy's fire points, and clearing the road
of advance for his comrades in arms. Th~ company very qufckly broke through th~
enemy's second and third defense lines. Now the Vietnamese aggressor army acted
as though it had gone mad. They scrambled around in their bunkers and trenches,
and fired their anti-aircraft machineguns in flat tra~ectory in a vain attempt to
use a network of fire to impede the advance of the soldiers of our faurth company.
At this critical juncture, our artillery troops got the range of the enemy's
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anti-aircraft machinegun emplacements, and directed withering artillery fire on
the enemy. Shouting loudly and with fixed bayonets, the cadres and soldiers of the
fourth company assaulted the enemy foxtif ications. The deputy regimental commander
was forced to bore his way out of his bunker, and he and more than 10 others
rolled and crawled along the slope in an effort to escape, but were shot dead on
the spot.
After the enemy's hill "391" had been completely occupied, the soldiers retrieved a
"positfon daily log" from the enemy commander's site, which cantained prodf of the
guilt of the Vietnamese aggressors in attacking our border territ~ry. They also
- uncovered combat maps used in carrying out military provocations in our country's
border areas and a large quantity of anti-Chinese pro~aganda.
Xinhuashe Correspondent Zhang Li [1729 4539]
Yang Rongming [2254 1345 2494] Who Fought a Swarm of Enemy Singlehandedly
Toward evening on 17 February, the third company of a certain unit of the Yunnan
Border D?fense Force launched an attack against the Vietnamese aggressors
entrenched on hill number 9. The fourth and the ninth squads assaulted hill
number 9 from hill number 10, which had already been occupied, and in the hollow
between the two hills, they suddenly came under interdictory fire from enemy
machineguns, and for a time the company's assault was blocked. At this critical
juncture, the platoon ieader, Tang Xinping j32S2 2450 1627] made a snap decision,
directing the two squads to withdraw quicklq. Yang Songming, the fourth squad
leader then came forward and asked to be responsible foY providing cover for the
withdrawal. He lay prone there, constantly firing to attract the enemy~s fire.
After his comrades had withdrawn from the danger area, Yang Songming was
surrounded by more than 10 of the eneffiy. Faced with danger, he did not flinch,
but remained calm. Scanning the terrain all around him, he saw that the enemy
had him surrounded in a hollow, and that the terrain was very unfavorable for
him. He made up his mind to fight to the death against the enemy. Seeing only
Yang Songming moving about, the enemy rushed froward from all four sides brandish-
ing assault guns only to be raked with a burst of fierce firing that left six dead
and two wounded. Thrown into confusion by this sudden and violent attack, the
enemy took to its heels and fled, and Yang Songming took the opportunity to come
boldly charging out.
Yang Songming had not had anything to eat for a day and a night. He was
exhausted; nevertheless, he continued to grope through the dark to return to his
company. Along the way he found the severely wounded and unconscious leader of
the sixth squad, Lo Huachun [5012 5478 4783] whom he lifted to his back, and
carrying the weapons and equipment of both, walked with severe difficulty for
more than a li, not reaching his own company unt~l after 3 o'clock in the middle
of the night. Not bothering to rest, before dawn, he lugged two rounds of
artillery on his ~houlders to the front and led the entire squad in combat.
Between hills number 8 and 9, Yang Songming discovered several mess personnel of
the Vietnamese army preparing food. Assault gun in hand, he attacked and three
of the enemy fell as he fired. In this entire battle, he killed a total of nine
enemies, wounded seven, and was cited for meritorious service.
Huang Songquan I7806 2646 2938] and Dai Yong j0108 0516]
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M~~LITARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
VIGZLANCE AGAINST SOVIET INCURSIONS IN HEIHO REPORTED
~ei~ing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79 p 1
[Article: "The Strongly Fortified Northern Gate; Deeds of the Army and P~eople of
the Heihe Region in Uniting As One to Protect the Border"]
[Excerpt] While our heroic Guangxi and Yunnan defense forc~es wFre carrying out
a self-defense counterattack against the ~lietnamese aggressors, the broad masses
of military and people in Heihe Prefec~ure, Heilongjiang Prov~ia~ce increased their
vigilance a hundred fold to strictly defend the northern fronCi~r of ~he
motherland.
Heihe Prefecture located in the middle reaches of the Aeilongjiang occupies an
extremely important strategic position. The famed border city ~f Aihui is located
in this prefecture, an~. on the opposite bank cf the river lie Hailanpao and
Liushisitun of Jiangdong. The broad masses of soldiers and pea~le of Heihe
Prefecture never forget the lessons of history. They are determined to guard the
northern gate of the motherland, and to protect the building of the four
modernizations in the motherland.
The Historic Tragedy Cannot Be Repeated _
"For 10,000 li along the Long Jiang, the watchtowers are em~p~.y; the grass of the
frontier is spattered with blood. The remains of Lius~isitu.n are ~till there,
but who will recover the vast Jiangdong?" This was a co~tplet written in "Songs
of Longjiang~' written at the time by Fudutongyaofushemg of Aihui in the Qing
dynasty to describe the "1900 Russian Rampage," when th,~ old Czar massacred
the people of our country~s Hailanpao, and Liushisitan of Jiangdong, b~urning
Aihui City to the ground. According to the "Coun~~Y Anrials of ~3hu,~~ in mid-July
1900, Czarist Russian aggressor forces under the c~nmmand of Major ~Gen~ral
Gelibusiji jphonetic], commander of the Amur milftary district, forcilily drove
the Chinese residents of Hailanpao to the b~nks~ot the Heilong~iang where they
were whipped, bayoneted, and shot to drive them into the river. The people of
Aihui on the opposite bank of. the river witnessed the Czarist Russ.ian aggressor
forces, "wielding knives and axes and hackin~g right and left, butehering
bodies, the sounds br3nging tears to til~eir eqes." The seriously ~aoundecl died
on the riverbanks, and the lightly wo~arnd~d died in the river. Those who were not
wounded jumped 3.nto the river and drowned, their skeletons floating a~d choking
the river.~' Following the great ma.~sacre at Hailanpao, the Czarist Russian
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- aggressor r~rmy next launched M grext alaughte*_- [hnt bathc~d l,luah.tyieun in .l tuu~;--
dong. These two slaughters by Czarist Russian imperialism caused the tragic
death of more than 14,000 innocent ~hinese residents. Subsequently, the Czar~ist
Russian aggressor army crossed the river on a large scale, surrouncied Aihui and
burned this more than 200 year old city to the ground. Lenin, the great leader
of the proletariat angrily denounced this atrocity of imperial Russia, saying:
"The Czarist government`s policies in China are criminal policies." ("Selected
Works of Lenin," Vol 1, p 217). "They kill and burn, raze villages, and drive
the common people into the Heilongjiang to drown. They shoot and bayonet
defenseless residents and their wines and children." (Ibid, p 215). The Chinese
people will never forget this historic tragedy of 79 years ago. The local govern-
ment has established an exhibition hall in the old city of Aihui, and has collected
much histarical data and artifacts to record the crimes against China during the
past 200 years of czarism new and old. The army and people of Heihe deeply
understaad that to slacken vigilance is to be beaten, and to be unprepared means
inevitable disaster. Only when the army and the people are un~ted as one to build
an unbreechable rampart can the security of the motherland and the prosperous
life of the people be protected. Wtien the seventh company of a certain border
defense unit garrisoning the old city of Aihui heard of the constant harrassment
and provocations by the Vietnamese aggressors along the ~uangxi and Yunnan
border and that our border defense forces had been forced to counterattack in
self-defense, the cadres and soldiers said that the Vietnamese aggressors were
egged on and supported by Soviet socialist imperialism. We are determined to
intensify precautions to guard against provocations and trouble from Soviet
socialist imperialsim. In the snow-capped mountain ranges and in open country,
cadres, soldiers and the militia will grope, crawl, roll, and fight, teaching
and learning from each other, becoming skilled in a coinbination of native
and foreign methods for fighting tanks, and practicing skills suited to fighting
in intensely cold regions. In order to better prepare for the annihilation of
the aggressor, the army and the people have built fortif3cations on important
roads in mountain passes. Numerous old people and young children have actively
been carrying tools into the mountains to help build fortifications and cannot
be persuaded to leave. Everybody has braved bone chilltng cold winds to wage war
against the forzen ground, "bodies covered with sweat when they work, and bodies
covered with frost when they stop," so that the good earth of the frontier will
become a rampart for the defense of the motherland.
Vigilant Eyes Everywhere
The Heilongjiang in winter, blocked with ice and enveloped in snow, is like a
white python separating two worlds. But Soviet socialist imperialism's evil claws
often reach across the boundar~y river. In the Heihe region, numerous instances
have occurred in which the Soviet army has crossed the boundary to intercept our
patrols, to kidnap our citizens on the border, and even to attack with weapons
killing and wounding our citizens in the border area and our border defense
troops. Worse yet, they have steadily sent spies to sneak into our sid~ to steal
secret information. In fighting all thase destructive plots of Soviet socialist
imperialism, the army and people of Heihe Prefecture better understand the nature
of Soviet socialist imperialism and increase their vigilance. Here is a story
relating how a mess person and middle sciiool students worked together to catch
a spy. The messhall of a certain border defense company was located on the shores
~
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of the Heilong~iang. The mess squad leader Zheng Yonghe [6774 3057 0T3;5]' used
the messhall as a sentry post, and while tendi.*:~ the fire and cooking, tee
unfailingly kegt a watch out the windows, looking for anything moving on the
river. One day toward evening, he was watching out of the window, wrhen suddenl~r
he disc~vered a reconnaissance vehicle crossing the ice from the opp~osite s~hore

~ and headed for the main channel, something that had rarely happened in the. past,
~ He quickly ran out of the building to watch what was going on in fromt of hitao.
. Just then, on our own shore a guy carrying a bag was waiking down th~ sl~ape af
the riverbank. He thought this man's movements were suspicious, and immecfliatel:y
ran back to the squad to make a report. Just at this time, si~c students froffi
Aihui County Middle School were skating on the river, and they also saw tthis
person. The students quietly discussed him briefly. One student then suddenly
shouted: "One, two," and the other students joined in shouting, "Ca~tE'h t?te spy."
That guy had a guilty conscience, and as soon as he heard the shouting,, he Kurned
to go up the bai~k, taking to his heels and running. Just th~n ~Zher~g ~c~ngk?e and
two soldiers cut him off, captured him, and sent him to the Public .S~cur_~tg~ Bureau.
: This was how the Soviet spy fell into a net.
The border defense troops here have prover. rhemselves to the mos~,i~ayal and
dependable sentries for the people of the motherland. Ttie 1.~7..~ oYa~ervation post
of a certain unit, garrisons a small island in the Heilo~g~iang. ~us~ng the
coldest days of the year when temperatures on the shore register 30 to 40 degrees
below zero, temperatures on the river are even lower. When the w~ather is coldest,
the windows of the sentry tower form a thick layer of ~c~e hlo~ckin~ vision, and then
the guards watch from outside the building despite the bone p.ier~2ng cold winds.
Squad leader Zou Jifu [676~ 0679 4395] is a famous "J..iv~ng m~p�" Every day he
counts every grassy tract and every tree in the tar$~.t are~. After going off
du*_y, he frequently goes down along the river to watch. W1~en the weather is foul,
this is a good opportunity for him to acquire grea*_er sl~ills in observat3on. He
knows the terrain and�the military installations in tt~z observation area like the
palm of his hand. He needs only look at its lights ta lknow what the type of an
aircraft is, and he needs only to l~aar the sound of a moving vehicle to'know what
vehicle it is.
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MILITARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
PLA UNITS SOLVE OFFSflORE ISLAND LIVING PROBLEMS
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79 g 2
[Article by Xu Bosung [1776 0130 2646J, Liu Xun [0491 6598], and Zhang Yuqiang
_ [1728 3768 1730~: "Taking the Party's Concern and Warmth to the Islands; Certain
Division in the Fuzhou Co~and Acts ~ealistically to Help Grassroots Solve
Problems; Travelling Oil Generator Inspection ar.d Repair Team of 37513 Unit
Serves Offshore Islets and Scattered Units"1
(Text] Out of concern for the hardships of soldiers, and to solve real problems
in company size units, the CCP Co~ittee of a certain garrison regiment of the
Fuzhou Command has done its best to create a fairly good living environment, so
that commanders will keep the~r minds on the islands, love the islands, and
guard the islands.
- On the islands where rocks are numerous but soil scant, and where wind is plentiful
but water in short supply, getting enough vegetables for the forces is a major
problem. Formerly people were regularly.sent to the mainland to buy vegetables,
but because of difficulties with transportatiori, some islands far distant from
the mainland might, during the season of high winds, go without fresh vegetables
for from 10 days to half a month. The divisioaal CCP Committee decided to call
upon companies to practice self-reliance and think up ways to achieve self-
� sufficiency in frESh vegetables a~4d pork in the shortest possible time. Division
leadership cadres probed the islands and carried out investigation and study.
Together with commanders, they explored experiences in raising hogs and growing
vegetables on the islands, then su~arized and spread these experiences.
Frequently vegetables grown on the islands were knocked down by high winds, so
they built windbreak walls more than a meter high all around the vegetable
gardens. The islands lack water, so they saved up water used for washing faces
and hands and clothing to water the vegetables, and selected some vegetable
varieties suited to growing on the islands for issue to compani=s. Now quite a
few companies in units garrisoning the islands have gradually attained self-
sufficiency in pork and fresh vegetables, and some companies have more than enough
to meet their needs and are able to help the ma.sses on the islands.
There is a shortage of water sources on the islands, and difficulties are
frequently encountered in getting enough drinking water and water for other
uses. Though numerous wells have been sunk during the past several years and
numerous reservoirs built to store water, during times of drought, water
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continues to be a problem. Everyday some companies living in the mountains must
waste a lot of effort in coming down the mountain to haul water. The division
CCP Committee gained the approval of higher authority to allocate special funds
for the construction of sea water purification pro3ects and underground
- reservoirs on islands where sources of water are particularly lacking, and to 1ay
pipelines to p;imp water up the mountains to end the difficulty island units have
experienced in getting drinking water.
As regards problems per~aining to housing, because of the former lack of experience
and limitations of the terrain, quite a few of the barracks for forces garrisoning
, the island have been haphazardly layed out; quality is poor; and lighting is bad.
Recently the dinisional CCP Committee carried out a compYehensive inspection of
the barracks of garrisoning forces, and has made plans for a thorough change in
the situation. During early November last year, divisional and regimental leadErs
made an inspection of organizational work units on the islands, seeking out cadres
and soldiers for talks to find out their views. There is a lot of wind on the
ialands, and because the barracks are facing in the wrong directfon, the soldiers
said that they were cold in winter and hot in summer. During the period of the
early summer rains in the south, because of the Iack of any walkways on the old
barracks, there was no place to stretch one's legs. Divisional and regimental
leaders worked with barracks designers to conduct surveys and select sights,
orient and design new barracks sufted to the islands that faced north and south
and had walkways that would be warm and windproof in winter and ventilated and
cool in summer, spacious, and attractive.
The divisional CCP Committee was especially concerned about the cultural life of
the garrisoning forces. They first ma.de certain what cultural and athletic
equipment provided by higher authority was needed by the garrisoning forces. Now
every company on the islands has radios and television sets, and~operates a
library. More nourishment for the mind, and conditions for the study of scientific
and cultural knowledge have been provided. The loving care of superior CCP
committees and organizations has given great encouragement to island garrison
commanders who are determined to contribute their efforts to strengthening the
building of the islands.
A travelling oil generator inspection and repair team has been organized by the
37513 unit to inspect and repair oil generators for unfts on offshore islands
and islets, and in only 5 months has made maj or repairs on s~x generators, and
minor repairs on six generators, saving about 15,000 yuan thereby.
Most of the units in this force are spread over small islands in forwaxd positions.
Formerly when their oil generators broke down, they had to remove them from the
islands with great difficulty to a plant for repair. In order to solve this
problem, the forces CCP Committee held a special meeting in which it was decided
to assign three repair technicians to set up a traveling oil generator repair
team. Carrying tools and spare parts, they would visit island grassroots units to
inspect the oil generators, and fix at once any problems they might find. There
is a welter of generator types on the islands, some of which the repair team has
never had anything to do with in the past. They thumbed through books and
checked data, studying as they worked. Once when repairing an 80 horsepower
generator about which they had no experience, they familiarized themselves with
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Nox oFF~c~,�. t~~~~: oNi
the machine during the day and consulted their reference aids at night, taking
it apart, comparing it, and checking it over and over more than 10 times. They
finally got rid of the trouble, restoring the generator to a fine technical state.
Whi1 e giving attention to island-to-island inspection, they took note of the
situation in which grassroots oil generator personnel were only able to operat~
the equipment but not repair it, and actively trained technical mainstay cadr::s fo r
the island forces. The repair team comrades would take the apprentices on thrir
repair rounds. Whenever they came to a place, they would take the equipment apart
- in the company of the oil generator personnel, and eliminate the trouble with
them, both fixing and teaching as they went. They also devoted time to passing
on their own practical experience, using their rest periods, evenings, and Sundays
to give individual technical guidance. They have now trained 27 oil generator
personnel for the island forces so that they have a certain technical proficiency,
and now virtually no repairs are made off island.
9432
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MILITARY EXPLOITS OF YUNNAN BORDER DEFENSE UNITS REPORTED
Zhao Zhonglin .
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79, p 2
[Article by Zhang Lingxiao j1728 0407 7197], Cao Jin;~ua 2580 6930 5478], and
Zheng Jian [6774 0256J: "Zhao Zhonglin [6392 181~ 2651] Who Attacks Like a'
Ferocious Tiger"]
[Text] The eighth company of a certain unit of Yunnan Defense Forcesv which had
point duties, quickly penetrated the Vietnamese Army's area number 61 like an
arrow released from a bowstring. Along the way, a major enemy fortified hill
position blocked the eighth company's way. Here the enemy had layed out vertical
and horizonta~ trenches and set up open and hidden firing sites. The enemy had
completely stripped all trees and vegetation from the top of the mountain, and
only a squat stump remained here and there along the slope. The eighth company
launched an attack on this hill. Sizth squad leader Zhao Zhonglin courageously
took the point, leading the squad in an assault on the hill. He had machine
gunners Li Guanghong [2621 0342 4767] and Guan Kailin [4619 7030 2651] provide
cover, while he himself braved the enemy's firepower by leaping from one stump ~
to another, rapidly drawing close to the enemy. When he was at a distance of a
slightly more than 20 meters from the enemy, he tossed seneral hand grenades one
after another, and took advantage of the gunpowder smoke created by the explosions
to leap like a ferocious tiger to the front of the enemy's fortifications, raking
with fire the enemy in their trenches. He shot three enemy in a row and broke
through the enemy's front line.
Suddenly, Zhao Zhong3.in discovered an enemy soldier sticking his head up out of a
trench on the left flank, his hand in the act of uncapping a grenade. He swung his
muzzle around to fire when a hail of machinegun bullets came firing out of a hidden
bunker hitting him in the abdomen and breaking his right arm. The assault gun in
- his hand fell involuntarily to the ground. At this critical 3uncture, he waved
with his left arm, gave a shout, and charged toward the enemy in their trenches.
This enemy hurriedly pulled his head back into his position. Zhao Zhonglin
jumped in after him, spread both legs and used his backside to hold down the
enemy's head, and grabbed the enemy~s assault gun, which he used, despite great
pain, to pound the back of the enemy beneath him. With3.n a short while this
enemy soldier no longer moved.
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MOR OF'FICIAL USM: ON1,Y
So~diers Li Guanghong and Guan Kailin were worried about the squad leader, and
after smashing the enemy, the two of them came rushing only to see Zhao Zhonglin
forcibly holding the enemy down while pounding his back with a rifle held in one
hand. When this enemy soldier who had been knocked unconscious began to come to,
he again began to struggle. Li Guanghong then took aim with his bayonet at the
nape of t:e enemy's neck and thrust it in fiercely. They wanted to bandage Zaho
Zhonglin's w~unds, but Zhao Zhonglin pushed the two of them away, ordering them to
attack at once. Their eyes brimming with tears, the two soldiers cuickly charged
into the enemy.
Zhao Zhonglin gloriously sacrificed himself. In order to commemorate his heroic
exploits, the CCP Committee of the unit awarded him a first class merit,citat3.on
posthumously, and awarded a second class merit citation collectively to the sixth
squad.
Gu Wenrong ~
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79 p 2
[Article by Wang Xiaofeng [3769 1321 1496] and Fan Kuangfu [5400 0562 1133]:
"Flame Throwing Warrior, Gu Wenrong [0657 2429 2837]"]
[Text] On 17 February, the second company of a certain unit of the Yunnan Border
Defense Force launched an attack on hill "318." The soldiers valiantly killed the
enemy, and by 8:52, only one final enemy firing point remained, and it was the
largest of them all. At this firing point, a tunnel connected three communication
trenches. The enemy holed up inside was extremely foxy, hiding around a corner
in the tunnel when firing was taking place, only to come out to the ~:outh of the
tunneZ and into the communication trenches to offer stubborn resistance once the
firing had stopped. The second company had attacked the position.without success
several times. This time flamethrower Gu Wenrong, who had been attached to the
second company, was burning with impatience. He was determined to wipe out the
enemies in the firing point.
Under covering fire from light and heavy machineguns, and carrying a flame thrower
on his back, Gu Wenrong advanced~in a crouch along a communications trench. The
enemy discovered him and ferociously directed strafing fire toward him. Gu
Wenrong hit the dirt at once. The bullets whistled over his head, and he continued
to crawl forward. When he got close to the mouth of the enemy tunnel, Gu Wenrong
discovered that if he were to fire from a prone position here, his cone of fire
would only go over the top of the bunker. What was to be done? Suddenly he leaped
up, rushed forward, and stuck the muzzle of the flamethrower into the mouth of the
enemy's bunker tunnel. The enemy panicked but was about to resist when Gu Wenrong
suddenly fired. One enemy was immediately set on fire, and another enemy set
afire and trailing a mass of flames jumped out of the mouth of the tunnel. Our
follow-up units quickly rushed forward to wipe out the enemy and take hill "319."
- In order to commemorate Gu Wenrong's heroic e~cploirs, the CCP Committee at a
higher level of authority awarded him a second class merit citation.
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Li Shuibcs
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79 p 3
[Article by Bang Gui [6721 6311]y Xue Ning [1331 1380], Shi Jiu [4258 6383J. and
Qing Fa [1987 3127]: "Li Shuibo [2621 3055 3134], Hero in the Style of Yang Gensi
[2799 2704 1835]"]
[TextJ A certain unit in the Yunnan Border Defense Force is extolling the name of
a Yang Gensi style hero. He is a squad leader in the engineering platoon of a
special task company, and member of the Communist party, Li Shuibo.
Before dawn on 23 February, Li Shuibo led three soldiers to a nameless place to
the south of Dainai to lay oriented landmines. They had just buried the mines but
_ had not yet had time to arm them when the enemy launched an attack and pressed
close to them little by little. The four of them carried four 3ssa�,i].t rifles,
eight hand grenades, and one bangalore torpedo. Waiting until the enemy got close
to them, they opened fire suddenly, instantly killing four people. An enemy hand
grenade was thrown into their position and was about to explode before their very
eyes when Li Shuibo, in disregard of his own life, leaped forward, grabbed the
hand grenade and threw it back. Some of the enemy were killed and others
wounded. They retreated. Unwilling to suffer defeat, the enemy again launched
an attack. Ztao of the comrades on the bangalore teavn were wounded, one comrade
was killed, and Li Shuibo had taken a bullet in the leg. By now their ammunition
- and hand grenades had been all used up, but the frenzied enemy was closing in
around them screaming and shouting. Then, Li Shuibo took the remaining bangalore
torpedo, leaped out of the trench, pulled the firing pin, and rushed toward the
group of enemy soldiers. "Blam," a tremendous explosion sounded, and the enemy
fell all around.
When the fighting was over, comrades went to the spot where Li Shuibo had
heroical.ly given his life, and saw at the side of this heroic soldier~s body the
corpses of six of the enemy. Li Shuibo~s action had made a reality of the combat
oath he had sworn many times to his Party branch: "If I am required to bleed for
the revolution, I will do so without quibbling, and if it requires that I give
_ my life, I will give it calmly!" A superior CCP Coimmittee awarded him a first
cZass citation, and called upon the leadership of the defense force to title him,
"combat hero in the style of Yang Gensi."
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NEEr FOR THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF ENEMY E1~HASIZED
Bei~ing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 2 Apr 79 p 3
[tirticle by Huo Dongyou [7202 2639 0645] and Yang Yuchen [2799 3768 6591]: "It
is Necessary to Thoroughly Study Combat Adversaries"]
[Text] Editor's Note: Beginning with this issue, the special
page titled "Learn Military Matters" will run a special
column titled, "Chats on Military Strategy and Tactics,"
the object of which will be to provide wide opportunities for
the airing of views to enlfven thinking on military science.
Right now, this column is devoted primarily to publicizing,
studying, and evaluating the experiences of our border
defense forces in combat during the self-defense counter-
attack against Vietnam, and to studying and exploring military
science and difficult problems in military theory to promote
the pace of modernization of China's armed forces.
_ Just like the things learned by millions upon millions of
people d~iring the revolutionazy period, when m~re was ~
learned in a week than during the course of a year of muddled
living, the 17 days of combat during the counterattack for
self-defense under conditions of real warfare provided
n~erous.things otherwise unobtainable from education and
training in ordinary gimes. This precious wealth, which
- could not have been bought at any price, we must treasure
and value. In order to make it become a comm~on source of
sustenance for the future building of our armed forces, it
- must be put through a conscientious process of summarization
and study to elevate it to a high degree of military science
and theory. Fulfillment of this task of "elevation" is,
without doubt, an important responsibility in academic
research.
In order to do a good ~ob of su~arizin,g and studying
experiences in combat during the self-defense counterattack,
we plan to publicize three aspects of the "combat results~'
that everyone has studied. The first is to study the
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ordinary in terms of the apecial. For example: war as a
continuation of political struggle; a look at the ~ustice
of war ia terms of the defeat of a'third military power";
training and experience; modern warfare as not being an
immutable form; the position of sub~ective activity in modern
warfare; attention to the study of military topography;
' doing a good job of assuring logistics, etc. Second is to
summarize the overall in terms of the partial. Examples
are: discussion of coordinated warfare among infantry, tanks,
and artillery; overall strength and an overall conception;
flexible command; combat styZe, et~c. Third is analys:~s of
some classic combat e~amples.
"Chats on Military Strat~gy and Tacti.cs" continues the policy
of "let a hundred flowers blossom; let a hundred schools of
thought content," each person presenting his own views, and
speaking his own mind freely. In analyzing specific combat
situations, before the fact "Zhu Geliang's" ja wise and .
resourceful statesman in China's history] will be welcome,
and after the fact "Zhu Geliang's" will not be rejected.
It is hoped that commanders throughout the armed forces, .
particularly those in units with combat experience, w~ll ~oin
' with us in summarizing their experiences and publicizing
them.
In their self-defense counterattack combat against Dietnam, our border defense
forces produced numerous rich conbat experiences. OnE of the most important was
to act in accordance with realities to intensify study of the combat adversary so
as to be able to adopt flexible and mobile tactics and strategy on the basis of
the characteristics of the enemy~s tactics. Now we are diligently studying and
assimilating this experience, and undertaking a thorough study of the enemy army.
This has extremely great significance in meeting requirements for the modernization
of the armed forces and of future wars.
Study of the enemy and thorough familiarity with the enemy are ma~or prerequisites
_ for subjugation of the enemy and the attainment of victory. One of the main reasons
why our armed forces that were engaged~in this self-defense counterattack combat
against Vietnam became stronger the more they fought was adeptness in learning
about warfare from warfare itself, gradually deepening their understanding and
perception of the Vietna~ese Army as their experience in combat developed. Once
our forces figured out the tactics of the Vietnamese Arnry--breaking the whole into
parts, dispersal of fixed points, concealment of main forces by burrowing into
holes, and sneak attacks under cover of darkness--we promptly adopted corresponding
tactics and countermeasures using small tea.ms to go after dispersed forces,
ambu;ahing the enemy's sneak attacks, pinning down forces in their holes, and such
flexible and mobile tactics, so that we maintained the in~tiative throughout. No
_ wonder that foreign critics said that enen though Chinese forces had not fought for
more than 20 years, their application of tactics was surprisingly good. Had we
not understood the enemy, and had we not entirely figured out the temperament
of our combat adversary but proceeded to array large forces for attack everywhere,
the results might easily have been like "using a fist to hit a flea."
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In comparison with our experiences in thia self-defense counterattack combat, our
ordinary edt~cation and training, and our study of our combat adversary was far
from adequate, dwelling as it did on understaxiding of general characteristics of
weapons and equipment, and being content with the memorization of some data. A
murky notion of the characteristics of the enesq's tactics naturally could not
pro~uce any clear, scientific countermuves or flexible combat methods to keep one
move ahead of the enemy. One state of minu was biased about studying the combat
c~aracteristics of the enemy, supposing that it would be time enough to discuss
the subject once fighting h:,a begun, and supposing that in ordinary times one
should concentrate energie~s on training one's forces well and everyth~.ng would be
all right. They did n~~:: realize that the principle of early success in war~are
required that ~re thoroughly study the enemy in advance of war, and that the
education and training of our forces in ordinary times should also~be directed
toward the characteristics of the enemy's tactics, positively not conducting train-
ing in a closed room without any targets to shoot at.
Thorough stu~iy of enemy forces requires adherence to the concept of one divides
into two. Only when the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy's weapons, equipment,
techniques, and tactics are understood can one circumvent his strengths and attack
his weaknesses for victory in combat. There were two tendencies meriting attention
in our studies. One was parochial arrogance and blind optimism, talking with
great delight about the enemy's shortcomings, weaknesses, and aspects of a paper
tiger while touching only lightly upon his long points, strengths, and aspects of a
_ real tiger, isolatedly and lopsidedly emphasizing us~ of existing equipment to win
victory over an enemy possessed of modern equipment, thereby developing a blind
self-confidence, lowering one's guard, and slighting the enemy. The other tendency
was to look only at the advantages possessed by the enemy's arms and equipment
without looking at the hidden weaknesses behind these advantages, or even "turning
pale at the mention of a tiger" in reference to the eneiay's arms and equipment,
frequently expressing a sense of pessimism, gloom, and inertia. The practical
experience of the self-defense combat have told us that modern arms and equipment
require corresponding battlefield conditions and various measures to safeguard the
equipment, and that one must look at the enemy's equipment, tactics, and techniques
in terms of one dividing into two, and study by seeking truth in facts. For
~ example, the assault force of the enemy~s massed tanks is, naturally, not to be
underestima*.ed; however, the large quantities of petroleum required to supply them
in in-depth combat operations poses numerous difficulties~ The atomic weapons
of an enemy, t~~ough certainly possessing very great ability to kill and injure,
also hurt the enemy's objective of plunder in launching a war of aggression,
and limit his ability to advance. The enemy's modern reconnaissance techniques
are truly well developed and advanced, but they are also helpful in our revealing
a false situation while hiding the real one, beating the enemy at his own game.
After all, there is always one thing to conquer another in the world, and a view
that sees only weaknesses without seeing strengths, or sees only strengths without
seeing weaknesses cannot be said to be one whereby one truly "knows the
adversary," but rather is a lopsided study of enemy forces.
Thoroughgoing study of enemy forces and full knowledge of one~s combat adversaries
also requires being a.lert to their development. Everything develops and changes,
and so it is with national military situations. Take Vietnam, for example.
Essentially it is a small, weak country, but ever since the end of the war against
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Japan, it has received some American "property," and after (word illegible) the
Soviet revisionists, it has styled itself "number three in the world," like a dog
threatening people on the strength of its master's power. As a result of
continuous warfare, th~ Vietnam army has accumulated some combat experience, and
tactically it has improved to a fairly great extent. However, an armed force
opposed to ag~ression was suddenly transformed into an aggressive tool of the
hegemonists, and its combat strength greatly declined. If we were not Co pay
attention to these new political and military situations, but make a study of the
Vietnamese army on the basis of the situation 10 years ago, it would be very
difficult indeed to get an accurate understanding of this combat adversary.
~ Development of the Soviet army is the same way. In order to achieve hegemony over
the world, the Brezhnev renegade clique fears only that it will fall behind
militarily, so it does everything in its power to carry ou~ an arms race. Take
the case of guided missiles, for example, which have been replaced three times over
a period of somewhat more than 10 years. Rather great develonments have also taken
place in other things as well, such a~ combat aircraft, surface ships, submarines,
anti-missile and radar systems, and command and co~unications equipment. If we
have no real idea of these developments, and if we have no predictions about their
future development, it will be virtually impossible to av~~id making the mistake
of taking measures without regard for changes in circumstances. At the outset of
World War II, because France did not understand on time the upgrading of the German
army's mobility or how the German army had changed its tactics, it acted blindly,
using the old standbys of World War I, in a vain effort to use the "Maginot Line~~
to block the German army, only to suffer a crushing defeat by the "Blitzkrieg
tactics" of the German army. The old lesson of history that "the overturned cart
ahead is a warning to the cart behind" should be diligently borne in mind.
Study of one's combat adversary poses still another problem that should be raised:
to dare to emancipate one's mind and let the enemy be one's "teacher." Not only
is it necessary to be adept in learning the enemy's advanced techniques, but it is
equally necessary to be adept at learning the enemy's tactics that accord with
objective 1aws. "Aiya! Isn't the raising of such a question capitulationism?"
- No, because our "seeking a teacher in the enemy" has as its ob~ective victory over
the enemy. According to foreign critics, the guerrilla tactics used by the
Vietnamese forces during this self-defense combat had been learned from the
Chinese. 7here is nothing strange about this. If they learned them well, we can
learn them back in a case of "returning something to its rightful owner.~' Things
that they did not learn well and which were reasons for their defeat, we can
summarize and accept a lesson in teaching by negative example. In short, even
though the Vietnamese forces have been vanquished by us, we still desire to honor
this "old third" as a"teacher." So long as we are able to give attention to
taking the long points of everyone, we will be even m~re able to be invincible.
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TRAINING REFORM BASED ON BORDER WAR EXPERIENCE
Introduction
- Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 16 Apr 79 p 1
[Discussion: "Haw Should We Train in Order To Suit the Demands of Modern Warfare?"]
[Text) Are grenades befter the farther they are Chrown?
Should bayonet training be included in military sports?
- Are satchel charges effective against tanks? Opinions
have long differed on such questions. After the counter-
attack against Vietnam, the two differing sides got new
arguments from it. Practice is the only criterion to
examine one's understanding. It does not matter if for a
time understanding cannot be unified, but all of us must try
our best not to commit metaphysical er.rors. In this dis-
cussion each airs his own views. We believe that by fully
discussing them we will ultimately find those that are
more correct and comprehensive.
Overthrown Grenades
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 16 Apr 79 p 1
[Article by Wang Zhixiang j3769 5268 4382], Deputy Section Chief, Military Training
Department, Kunming Unit]
[Text] "Overthrown Grenades Are Ineffective"
What should mark the technical training of infantry in order to suit the demands of
actual warfare? We have gained new understanding after this defensive counterattack.
In this war the consumption of grenades and explosives was low and bayonets were
hardly used at all. This is closely related to the continuous improvement of our
equipment. Our arti~lery firepower has been strengthened and automatic firearms
have increased. We generally used battle-sight firearms (40 mm rocket launchers,
82 mm recoilless guns and 60 mm guns) to destroy enemy firing points and uunkers.
There were few opportunities to use satchel charges and bangalores to attack the
enemy. Only when battle-sight firearms fell short did we adopt explosives. This
greatly differs from wars fought in the past. In former wars our firepower was in-
sufficient and we had to use mainly bangalores and grenades to destroy enemy firing
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po3nts and strong points. But today the infantry coordinates, regardless cf the
scale of the battle, so the role o: these weapons has relatively decreased. In
former wars troops had to use quite a few grenades in each battle. ~ut in this de-
fensive counterattack a soldier carrying four grenades in a batt~e generally did not
use them all. Accuracy in throwing grenades is very important in combat. In fact,
a grenade can only be thrown to a distance of 30 tio 35 meters, just enough to use
the short interval after the blast to make a swift assault. If a grenade is over-
thrown the effect of the blast cannot be used. Therefore, it does not accord with
actual warfare if training in grenade throwing demands distance and not accuracy.
~ After one has been trained to throw a grenade 40 meters, one can train to throw
grenades in various types of terrain and postur~s.
Bayonet, Grena~d~ Training
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 16 Apr 79 p 1
[Article by Ren Haiquan [0117 3189 3123j, ~tilitary Training Department, Shenyang
Unit: "Training In Bayonet Fighting and Use o� Grenades"]
I wish to discuss my own views on several much debated questions in the training of
infantry sub-units.
1. It Is Not Appropriate to Include Bayonet Training In Military Sports ,
Daring to fight with a bayonet is a glorious tradition of our army. In the war
years the heroic spirit of our army in bayonet fighting terrified the enemy. Some
comrades say that in modern warfare the most obvious problem is fighting tanks and
that the bayonet is no longer useful. I think the first half of the statement is
correct but the second half is too extreme. From the circumstances of the defensive
counterattack at the Chinese-Vietnamese border, the Vietnamese forces did not dare
to fight ours with bayonets. Some comrades proposed to turn bayonet training into
a military sport and some even demand the abolition of bayonet training. I believe
these are not appropriate. Of course, it is not suitable to put aside too much time
for bayonet training; the tendency to purely seek orderly for formation and good
appearance must be overcome. During training, emphasis must be placed on the needs
in actual combat. After a certain amount of training in basic moves, emphasis must
be shifted to face-to-face bayonet training so that the fighters will learn the true
art of practical application.
2. Grenades Must Be Thrown Accurately and Far
For a time there was a phenomenon of stressing only distance in grenade training.
At that time, quite a few articles were published in the newspapers which pointed
out the harm�ulness of this phenomenon and the problem was quickly resolved. However,
another phenomenon followed. Quite a few comrades believe that training to throw
grenades is not important and that it is a waste of energy to practice throwing
them far. No longer does anyone keep records or talk about the average distance
each unit can throw. This is also an abnormal phenomenon. Experience during the
defensive counterattack on the Chinese-Vietnamese border has proved that grenades
are still a good, close-combat weapon in modern warfare. The training to throw
grenades is one of the five great skills of the infantry which cannot be ignored.
Training for accuracy is necessary, but distance is also useful. It is appropriate
to thraw far so that a grenade exploding two to three meters above ground will in-
crease the casualty area by shell fragments, which is particularly effective for
annihilating group targets and enemy in trenches or on reverse slopes. Clearly,
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training for accurate and long distance throwing ahould be equally streased so that
they complemer:t each other. A unit's average throwing distance, data on the rates
of pa8sing and of first-class qualifiers can all reflect to a certain degree the
quality of training of the unit. Why isn't this mentioned?
3. Fighting Tanks With Satchel Charges Cannot Be Categorically Re3ected
Car~ satchel charges be used to fight tanks? This is a question that has caused much
debate in recent ye~rs. I believe that the use of satchel charges to fight tanks is
not only a necessity ior the present but will continue to be so even after we are
extensively equipped with modern weapons such as anti-tank guided missiles as a
supplementary measure in fighting tanks by the infantry. This is because increasing
anti-tank firepower essentially means building more anti-tank firearm units and sub-
units. It is not possible for each infantry soldier to be equipped with an anti-tank
guided missile launcher. Most of the soliders will still be using light armament,
satchel charges and other equipment to fight enemy tanks and motorized infantry.
Therefore, the use of satchel charges to fight tanks cannot be rejected categorically.
We must warmly support the creative spirit of cadres and fighters, and should not
discard the magic weapon that results from combined indigenous and foreign methods.
Three Fights, Three Defenses .
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 16 Apr 79 p 1
[Article by Sun Fengrang [1327 7685 6245], Guangxi Border Unit: "Three Fights and
Three Defenses Are Still the Emphasis of Training"]
Conventional weapons including rifles, grenades and bangalores of our troops played
a very great role in the counterattack against Vietnam. However, the three fights
and three defenses were not used. Some comrades have therefore concluded: Rifles,
grenades and satchel charges can be solely relied on to fight a war under moder~
conditions. Such a conclusion is not comprehensive.
True, the conventional weapons in our possession have played a mighty role in com-
bat. They have refuted the incorrect view of some comrades who believe that exist-
ing equipment cannot fight a modern war. However, the following points must be noted
in considering the role of these weapons:
First, these conventional weapons played their mighty role in coordination with the
powerful artillery of our forces. In major and minor battles, infantry sub-units
generally accompanied artillery troops and other kinds of heavy equipment. Some
even accompanied tanks. In offensive or defensive warfare tb~se long-medium range
firearms effectively coordinated wi~h infantry sub-units. i'herefore, the future
training of infantry sub-units should not only emphasize technical training and skill
with hand weapons, but must vigorously include coordination among arms of the
services so that fighters will understand how to take advantage of the aftereffects
of an artillery attack, start a quick assault, and be good at movements under artil-
lery fire. This is precisely our weak link in past training.
- Second, the object in this war was the infantry. Great numbers of tanks, planes and
modern weapons were not used in combat. Conventional weapons were primarily used.
But Soviet equipment, guiding ideology in combat and characteristics in strategy will
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all utilizz large numbers of tanks, armored cars, planes, paratroopers, atomic and
chemical weapons. It is necessary to fight the armed forces of social-imperialism
primarily with the three fights and three defenses. One cannot hold that since they
were ~iot used in the war against Vietnam the three fights and three defenses are not
important.
Bayonet Training
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 16 Apr 79 p 1
[Letter from S.u Jianxin [5685 1696 2450], Assistant Squad Leader: "Bayonet Training
Can Be Halted"]
In the discussion "How should we train in order to suit the demands of modern
warfare" in the army newspapers, some comrades have suggested the inclusion of
bayonet training in military sports. After the counterattack we find the role that
bayonets played in the fighting was extremely small. Bayonets were only used in
individual cases when unarmed or scattered troops were encountered. This clearly
shows that under the condition of substantial training for the infantry, bayonet
training is like a singer who does not practice his voice but only his show tech-
niques, giving up something important for something less. Furthermore, future
opponents in war will be much better equipped than the Vietnamese forces.
After the counterattack we also find that in modern warfare, mines are not only
extensively used in defensive warfare but also have a great role to play in offensive
warfare such as cutting off the enemy's retreat route, resisting assault by the enemy,
and safeguarding both flanks from the threat of enemy reinforcement.
For these reasons, I strongly call for an immediate halt to bayonet training and for
an increase in courses such as mine clearance and mine laying.
Editor's note: The suggestion of adding training in mine removal and mine laying is
good. That of putting a complete "halt" to bayonet training seems extreme. However,
in view of the place and role of bayonet fighting in future practical warfare,
whether we can suitably reduce the duration of its training or should include it in
military sports remains debatable.
_ 9586
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ARDUOUS STRUGGLE VIEWED AS KEY TO FUTURE
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 26 Apr 79 p 1
[Commentary: "Arduous Struggle Is Still a Must"J
[Text] The defensive counterattack at the Chinese-Vietnamese border has proved that
- our old traditions and old ways still exist, one of which is arduous struggle. We
have previously given quite a few reports on deeds in this respect. The news report
published today, "Motherland, be proud of yaur heroic sons and daughters," once
again displays the glorious picture of the people's army in their extreme hardships
and difficulties, brave and heroic fight. These heroic and outstanding achievements
are deeply moving and will undoubtedly play a highly inspiring and instructive role
in our daily life.
The great Chinese Communist Party and the great Chinese People's Liberation Army
which it leads are noted for their arduous struggle. Countless revolutionary mar-
tyrs have languished in enemy prisons; thousands and thousands of the people's
f'ighters have sacrificed themselves on the battlefield. On the road of the long
march they had to eat grass, roots, and tree bark, and after the liberation of
Shanghai they had to sleep on the streets. Scenes of this arduous struggle still
stir the hearts of the people today. Arduous struggle is our political character
and the safeguard of carrying out the party line. Moreover, near the end of the demo-
cratic revolution and on the eve of the launching of the socialist revolution and
reconstruction, Comrade Mao Zedong warned the whole party: "Be sure that comrades
keep up with the style of being modest and prudent and not arrogant and rash. Be
sure that comrades keep up with the way of arduous struggle." In the long march
which we are undertaking, our armed forces shoulder the glorious task of defending
the construction of the four modernizations. We strongly need to develop the tra-
dition of arduous struggle. We have been called to do precisely this by our llth
National Congress and the Third Plenary Session of the llth Central Party Committee,
the Military Commission Conference, and the National Military and Political Work Con-
ference. The problem is that there are many factors, particularly the destruction by
Lin Biao and the "gang of four," which have caused some of our comrades to forget
this tradition. Therefore, it is even more necessary to advocate and encourage the
tradition of arduous struggle.
The need for ardu~~us struggle is, fundamentally speaking, determined by our highest
revolutionary idea!.s, and is a necessity for realizing the magnifi~ent goal of
socialism's four mc~dernization~. Our country has been liberated for almost 30 years
and great changes h~ave taken place in every aspect. Relying on the single-heartedness
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and arduous struggle of all its nationalities and people, our country has already
turned the poor and backward conditions left behind by the old society into initial
prosperity. However, a large population and a poor foundation to start with remain
the two basic things we cannot forget when we think of problems and do our work.
Ours is a country with 900 million people of whom 800 million are peasants and pro-
duction is still undeveloped. Our country is vast but arable land is not plentiful,
being only 7 percent of the total area. Our resources are rich but much of them
have not been clearly explored, exploited and used. Thus they are still not real
resources for production. Particularly in these last 10 years or so, the destruction
by Lin Biao and the "gang of four" has caused the national economy to be imbalanced
_ and on the brink of collapse. Its serious consequences have not yet been removed.
What does this show us? It shows that we cannot but struggle arduously. The con-
struction of our four modernizations must proceed from the basic conditions of our
country and must follow the Chinese way of moderni.zation. We should unite better.
with full vigor and vi*_ality; work, study, and produce intensely; persevere in in-
cluding hard work and frugality in arduous struggle; overcome all difficulties
along the road forward; and build ours into a great socialist country that is modern
and strong.
- There are bound to be difficulties on our road forward, and we should rely on the
revolutionary spirit of arduous struggle to triumph over all of them. In the recent
defensive counterattack we anticipated all kinds of difficulties as much as possible,
but there are always unexpected ones. We never encountered such complicated terrain
before, so how could we anticipate it? No matter how hard we exerted ourselves in
logistics and supply, some units which undertook deep-thrust operations fought con-
tinuously and even had to miss several meals. Fighting is like this. Can difficulties
of one sor~ or another come about during peacetime construction? Yes, and in just
this way. Unfavorable weather, droughts, and floods are, at least fa~r the foresee-
able future, unavoidable. We want to make big strides on all fronts and in all
trades and professions, but as financial and material resources are limited it is
not possible for all of us to do so. Things in the world have always been like this,
they cannot go smoothly without any difficulties. Success always accompanies diffi-
culties and ~nly by overcoming difficulties do we have success. Difficulties existed
not only in the past; they exist now and will come in the future. Many are foresee-
able but quite a few are not. Never can we merely look at the side of success and
not that of difficulites. We would rather anticipate a few more difficulties. Of
course, our difficulties are basically different from those of all decadent and dying
classes. For them, quite a few difficulties are deadly and basically insurmountable.
All our difficulties can be overcome eventually. On of the reasons why we can over-
come difficulties is that we have the revolutionary spirit of arduous struggle under
the party leadership.
In former war years we had nothing or very little. Circumstances forced us to
struggle arduously. Now with political power for the whole state, ours has become
the ruling party and our cadres possess varying degrees of authority to muster and
allocate materials and wealth. The greed for luxury has grown among some people.
They become addicted to luxury, let laziness become a habit, enjoy high position and
?ive in ease and comfort, and give no serious thought to anything, gravely separating
themselves from the masses. Some engage in special privileges beyond the system and
- stipulations, use public office for private gain, turn what is public into private,
and act generously at the expense of the state for personal luxuries. Some people
are not motivated by private gains but they blindly give instructions for spending
and feel no pain when they see state wealth being wasted, forgetting that they are
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the servants of the people. They have absolutely no right to be wasteful if they
value the slightest possession of the people. Arduous struggle is the virtue of we
Communists. For a party member and a cadre, a temporary period of arduous struggle
is easy, but it is truly not easy to maintain the value of a thrifty and simple life,
_ a vigorous revolutionary fighting will, and a heroic and brave self-sacrificing
spirit for a lifetime. But we must be able to do it. If we cannot be unshakable by
poverty and lowliness, unsubdued by force, unafraid of hardship or death, and able
to put worry before pleasure--then how can we be regarded as communist party members
and revolutionary cadres!
Of eourse, advocating arduous struggle does not mean showing no concern for the daily
life of the masses. Our goal to struggle arduously is to build ours into a pros-
perous and wealthy country, increase the living standard of all the people in their
material culture. Our cadres must care about the fighters and the higher level
must care about the lower level. Each of our units and the leadership of each unit
shouTd worry about all the problems of the personnel under them. All problems that
must be resolved and can be resolved should be resolved to the utmost. Adopting the
bureaucratic attitude of indifference toward problems concerning the personal inter-
ests of the masses is not aeceptable. At the same time we must make clear that the
improvement of material and cultural life cannot exceed the limit of what our
economic circumstances allow, No matter how rational our demands may be, we do not
have the capability so solve all the problems but can only make gradual improvement
on the basis of developing production. When production expands and the state has
more accumulation, many problems can be resolved with relative ease. It is impossible
to improve daily life if production makes no progress and accumutation does not in-
crease.
There are many touching deeds of arduous struggle in the defensive counterattack at
the Chinese-Vietnamese border which we should extensively use to educate our units
and young people. To educate the young people we must first educate the middleaged
and the elderly. Due to the increase in age, changes in their physical conditions
and the requirements of work, it is not realistic to demand that leading cadres at
all levels be exactly the same as the young people in every respect. It is incorrect
to engage in equalitarianism. However, leading cadres should take the lead and ex-
emplify themselves for the young people to maintain an indomitable fighting will,
wholeheartedly serve the people, consider the country of 900 million people in every-
thing we do, strictly implement the fiscal and economic regulations stipulated by
party and state, and seek no private f;ains. We must all struggle arduously, resolute-
ly and earnestly implement the general ~nd specific policies of the Third Plenary
Session of the Party Central Committee and contribute to the four modernizations of
our country.
9586
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COMPANY POLITICAL INSTRUCTOR DIES IN HEROIC FEAT
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 26 Apr 79 p 1
[Report: "Model Political Instructor He Zixing [0735 5261 5281] Enthusiastically
Carried Out Wartime Political Work--Uniting the Company Regiment Into a Strong
Fighting Collective--Bravely Sacrificing Himself in a Frontal Assault at the Crucial
Moment; Posthumously Awarded a First-Class Merit Citation"]
- [Text] In the defensive counterattack by a certain unit of the Yunnan border guards
there appEared a model political instructor who was good at mobilizing, organizing
and inspiring cadre fighters to unite and fight through vigorous political and ideo-
logical work--He Zixing, a cadre of the Naxi nationality. When the leading comrades
of the condolence group of the central authorities heard the report on his heroic
deeds, they pointed out: In the new historical period of speeding up the construc-
tion of the four modernizations, our country must strengthen the party's political
and ideological work and must have thousands upon thousands of faithful political
cadres like He Zixiang.
He Zixiang was a political instructor of the 6th Company of a certain frontier de-
fense unit. For a long time this company has undertaken tasks in military-agricultur-
al production. Its personnel comes from 8 units and 13 nationalities and most of its
cadres are newly promoted. Last November, He Zixing became the political instructor
of the 6th Company. To counterattack Vietnamese aggressors the company contingent
carried out in tense pre-combat training at the beginning of this year. Through in-
depth and painstaking political and ideological work, He Zixing united the whole
company contingent into a strong fighting collective. In combat, the political work
_ of the 6th Company was active. Its cadre fighters fought boldly, vigorously and
tenaciously, completing their mission with distinction. Hence the company contingent
was collectively honored with a Merit Citation, First-Class.
As soon as the defensive counterattaek cambat mission came down, He Zixing, realigning
the ideological conditions of the company, promptly convened a conference of the par.ty
branch to analyze and study it. Then he adopted a variety of forms to carry out
education, speedily unifying the ideology of the comrades of the whole company under
the battle co~and of the higher level. The company promptly carried out education
in patriotism and revolutionary heroism among cadre fighters, putting forth four
' slogans for action: Fight bravely, fear no sacrifices, fight the enemy and render
meritorious service, and win honor for the country! Morale was high among the cadre
fighters engaged in battle. A plan for fighting the enemy and rendering meritorious
_ service was drawn up from individual fighters to squads and platoons. Quite a few
comrades even made out applications to joint the party and the CYL at the front
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lines. The 6th Company was the first to submit to the battalion party committee a
resolution to fight the enemy and to render meritorious service. It also challenged
other company contingents.
He Zixing had deep proletarian feelings for all cadre fighters of the company. He
cared for and trusted them politically and showed consideration for them and helped
them in their daily lives. Squad and platoon leaders are the mainstay of a company
in battle. He Zixing found time to hold heart-to-heart talks with them as well as
with many party and regiment members, understanding their family life, work perfor-
mance and ideological sentiments, and encouraging them to play emexplary and leading
roles in work and combat. -The men had never fought in a battle and some began to
get nervous. He Zixing mobilized the backbone leaders to work at every level and
even held individual heart-to-heart talks with these comrades, comparing and analy~;
zing the various conditions for sure victory by our forces, thus removing their
ideological worries. He was also very concerned with some comrades and wholehearted-
ly helped to solve their real personal and family problems so that they had less
worries and could go into battle with a light pack.
He Zixing was good at carrying out active and vigorous propaganda work and giving
encouragement. At the crucial moment in battle he was good at putting forth simple
and effective slogans to inspire the unit. In the early morning of 17 February the
No 6 Company reached the assult take-off position. To remove the nervous feelings
of some of the comrades he used the time before the attack to give the whole company
a brief pep talk. At the end he encouraged them saying: "We will sing as we return
from victory and the people of the motherland will line up to welcome us." Immedi-
ately, in a wave of laughter, everyone's nervousness turned into a strong desire to
fight the enemy and to render meritorious service.
The most powerfv',. and moving political and ideological work was the combat action of
political cadres who were heroic and fearless and who took the frontal assault. After
the battle against the enemy secret service at Xiluolou began, He Zixing and Company
Co~ander Bi Xuelin [3968 1331 2651] led the platoon that was responsible for the
main assault and fought bravely in the vanguard. They swiftly jumped into a trench
less than 50 meters from the enemy. The enemy concentrated heavy fire on them and
the company commander was wourided by an enemy grenade. He Zixing turned around,
grabbed a machine gun from one of the fighters and shouted: "Follow me!" He led a
squad and charged the left flank of an enemy annular fortification. Just then he
noticed that beside him a platoon leader, Zhang Deyu [1728 1779 3768], was exposed
to enemy gunfire so that he dragged him down and told him to take cover. Political
Instructor He reorganized the combat formation and, carrying the machine gun, once
more led the fighters in an assault on the enemy. Within a short distance of 10 or
more meters he bravely exchanged fire with the enemy, swiftly annihilating those on
higher ground.. He Zixing was hit several times in the fighting and gave his life
heroically. In his pocket, the comrades found a copy of the "Slogans for Propaganda
and Agitation in the Battlefield," "Resolution of the No 6 Company to Fight the Enemy
and Render Meritorious Service," and "Work plan of the Party Branch." They had
already been stained with blood.
To cammend Comrade He Zixing's heroic deeds, the Party Committee of the unit post-
humously awarded him a first-class merit citation and recommended to the higher level
to grant him the title of "Model Political Instructor."
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DIVISION LEADERSHIP SOI~VES PROBLEMS AT BASIC LEVEL
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 8 May 79 p 1
[Article by Yuan Zhanxian [5913 0594 0341] et al: "Leaders of a Certain Division
Improves Work SCyle by Studying Experiences of Frontline Command"]
[Text] During the war of self-defensive counterattack along the China-Vietnam border,
leading cadres at all levels commanded at the front line. Their heroic deeds in
charging forward have encouraged the leading cadres of a certain division of the
Shenyang Units to plunge into the forefront of improving the leadership's work style.
These leading comrades, learning from heroism translated into action, have conscioua-
. ly displayed the spirit of frontline command by vigorously going down to the basic
~ levels and studying new situations and solving new prablems. In the previous period,
after leaving behind at headquarters two department leaders to maintain daily work,
the party committee deputy secretaries led 10 party committee members and 65 cadres
of the headquarters, administrative, and logistics organizations to separately go
dawn to the basic levels and guide the units in doing good, solid work on all items.
After they had gone down into the units, they took.as their model the heroism on the
battlefield and the spirit of Li Wanyu [2621 8001 0151], deputy commander of a cer-
tain division of the Guangxi border defense units, in leading the Dagger Battalion to
charge and shatter enemy positions, and, together with the fighters, crawled, climbed,
rolled, and attacked in an effort to experience things first hand. The command of a
military operation which coordinates various service arms is a new topic in the
training of basic-level cadres. In order to improve his skill in commanding combined
aXms operations, political cammissar Yu [3768], during an attack exercise carried out
by an infantry company that involved infantry, tank, artillery, and four other service
arms, practiced and studied along~ide the cadres and fighters. Drawing on his per-
sonal experience in this realistic exercise, he guided other infantry companies
throughout the division in other comprehensive training exercises designed to streng-
then the companies on attack and defense, and thereby improved the command capability
of platoon and campany cadres. The party committee had not assigned a task in the
units to Zhao Wencai [6392 2429 2088], deputy chief of staff, whom it had already
decided to transfer back to civilian life. He made three requests for an assignment,
and finally on his own initiative went to the division's artillery regiment, where,
together with the cadres and fighters, he studied the experience of infantry-artillery
coordination during the war of self-defensive counterattack, and did research on re-
ducing the number of personnel in artillery observation posts and on problems of com-
manding positions near the front, thereby making artillery training more suited to the
demands of actual warfare.
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When the leading comrades went down to the basic level, they soon solved the problems
they discovered there, simplified the work administrative levels, and improved work
efficiency. During a tactical exercise conducted by a certain regiment, only 2
political instructors of the regiment's 11 companies went to the site of the exercise.
After discovering this, the leading camrades that very evening convened a meeting
of cadres at the platoon level and above, and educated the political cadres on the
necessity of doing good political work linked to military training, and explicitly
formulated a system c~f regular class a~sigrnnents for political cadres. During the
training in the "t~ree defenses," the ieading comrades discovered that the soldiers'
protective equipment was adequate but that that of the horses was not. The divisional
leaders at once conducted research with personnel concerned and took measures that
solved the problem of providing protective equipment for the horses. Division com-
mander Li Jilei [2621 4949 7191] saw that some company cadres only paid attention to
seeing that the fighter~ worked energetically and neglected concern for the living
conditions of the masses, so he helped them to grasp the problems of taking care of
the fighters' housing, food, and water. Together with rocket launcher soldiers, he
also studied the methods of judging wind direction and measuring wind speed so that
under conditions of varying wind-force the division obtained good results in rocket
launcher firing. Tang [0781], chief, and Li [2621], deputy chief, of the political
department, investigated 20 companies of a certain regiment and took part in the
troops' educational studies, attended classes, and answered test questions together
with the troops. They discovered that some company instructors did not have time to
- prepare lessons and that the higher elementary classes lacked teaching materials,
that some companies grouped their fighters into one class regardless of the fighters'
educational levels, that in the regiment the study time was not uniform and that
teaching schedules were not grasped well, and over 10 other problems. They reported
these problems to the regimental party committee, and together with it, studied
- methods of solution and worked out measures for improving the situation. At the
same time, they held in this regiment an on-the-spot meeting on educational studies,
and widely disseminated the experiences of the regimental party committee members in
taking the lead in educational studies, of a company closely integrating educational
studies with military training, and of the signal communications company in not
neh?ecting any part ~f ;t~ educational stu3ies, t`.:creby rlayin~ a pos~:.Sl'P role
promoting the troop activities of studying scientific and general knowledge.
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UNITS MAKE EQUIPMENT FOR TRAINING IN ATTACK,.DEFENSE
Unit 81235's Innovations
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 8 May 79 p 2
[Article by Bai Yuzhang [4101 3558 w~45]: "Unit 81235 Relies on Masses in Making
Major Innovations on Equipment"]
[Text] Unit 81235 has given full play to the intelligence and wisdom of the key
technicians among the masses in making major innovations on equ:ipment, thereby
solving fairly well the problem of insufficient equipment for training in the
"three attacks and three defenses."
Because the unit had a shortage of such equipment, several comrades of the unit's
- headquarters got on the jab with local methods and, after repeated tests, success-
- fully developed a"practice rocket made of plaster and cement for the old .40-mm
rocket," which, like a live rocket, shows the point of burst. The cadres and
fighters all reported that this type of practice rocket serves the purpose f~r which
it is intended. This new achievement made the unit's leadership see that there is a
great latent potentiali2y for technical innovation contained in the broad masses,
and that to fully bring into play the role of the innovators who have emerged among
the nasses is an important way of solving the problem of the shortage of equipment
for training in the "three attacks and three defenses." Therefore, the leaders
organized the "self-ma.de experts," who have sprung up in large numbers, specifically
divided up the~~work with individual responsibility develving on one leader, formed
an innovation group and made big innovations.
The innovation group takes as its key point of attack the unit's difficulties in
training in the "three attacks and three defenses." In the past several years,
sensing that they had never knawn the real situation with regard to firin~ at moving
tanks, the cadres lacked scientific equipment concerning firing data w~th which to
train the fighters and the fighters could only rely on.different determinations by
individuals in carrying out firing training. After more than half a year of hard
work, the key innovators designed and developed a"firing training kit for the new
40-mm rocket launcher," which contained nine pieces of equipment and which basically
solved a series of difficulties such as m~asuring wind speed, measuring temperature,
aiming, and checking calculations, in order to create the conditions necessary for
the unit's antitank training. They successfully developed one after the other a
"gun chamber that simulates the tra~ectory of a shell fired from an 82-mm recoilless
- gun," a"device for the lead in aiming of the 100-mm tank cannon," an "instrument
for checking the lead in aiming of an 85-mm cannon," and 16 other pieces of training
equipment. Of the 26 kinds of equipment they developed for training in attacking
tanks, 4 have been popularized for widespread use and 1 has been made the subject for
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a military educational.film. The cadres and fighters, by applying the training
equipment innovated by the unit itself to training in the "three attacks and three
defenses," have obtained good results never seen before. In live-firing tests with
the 40-mm rocket launcher, the unit received an overall rating of excellent.
Unit 83123`s Training Ground
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 8 May 79 p 2
[Article by Huang Zhang3in [7806 ]:813 6855]: "Unit 83123 Builds 'Three Attacks'
Training Ground"J
[TextJ This year the quality of training in the "three attacks and three defenses"
of Unit 83123 markedly improved over that of previous.years, and one important reason
for this improvement was that the unit solved the problem of a training ground for
the "three attacks." The party committee of this unit got an early and tight grip
on the construction of the training ground. As early as the beginning of the year,
when preparing the training plan for this year, the party committee put the con-
struction of a training ground on its important agenda. They saw that to conscien-
tiously solve the training equipment problem and to set up a"three attacks" train-
ing ground was an important equation in changing the "air-to-air" situation in the
unit's "three attacks" training and in improving the quality of this training. In
the past fe~a months they have put a lot of effort into getting a good grip on the
construction of a ground for training against aircraft, airborne forces, and tanks,
and have prepared to construct six antiaircraft firing preparation ranges. They
have naw completed one antiaircraft firing preparation range and one live-ammunition
antiaircraft firing range. In order to provide antitank training, they are vigorously
preparing to contruct two moving-target firing ranges and 3 antitank training sites
by rebuilding on the foundation of the unit's original three moving-Xarget firing
ranges. Zhong Xiuming [6988 442~ 2494], commander of a certain subunit of Unit
83123, led personnel in building an electrically controlled preparation range for
infantry antiaircraft firing. While basing themselves on the equipment at hand, the
personnel also looked at the features of modern warfare from all angles, and installed
an electrically controlled platform that simulates the flight characteristics of
enemy aircraft when changing speed and direction, thereby insuring that antiaircraft
training comes close to actual warfare.
Unit 84806's Teaching Plans
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 8 May 79 p 2
[Article by Yu Anfu (0060 1344 4395] et al: "Unit 84806 Compiles Teaching Plans for
Companies"]
[Text] The shortage of systematic teaching materials is a difficult point in "three
attacks and three defenses" training. The leaders and organization of Unit 84806
have vigorously solved the difficulties of companies in this respect. Chief of Staff
Hu Yuanchun [5170 6678 2504] personally organized 10 staff officers who had practical
experience and instructors to compile teaching plans. They asked leaders who had
taken part in battle to discuss their knowledge gained from personal experience;
made concrete studies of the structure and performance of the weapons and equipment
of enemy tanks, aircraft, and airborne forces, as well as the tactical and technical
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features of enemy armies, and, proceeding on the basis of the actual situation in
the unit with regard to existing equipment, compiled a"technical teaching plan for
the three attacks and the three defenses: and a"tactical teaching plan for in-
dividual soldiers and squads." These two teaching plans assimilated the strong
points of former teaching plans and summed up the unit's training experiences.
From basic theoretical knowledge to specific training movements, the compilers
strove for clarity and understanding. After *_he initial drafts were written, the
compilers took them to companies engaged in advanced training and to units engaged
i~i concentrated training, and solicited the opinions of the squad leaders, platoon
" leaders, and instructors who were organizing the training. Afterward, they took
the revised teaching plans to the companies and organized tryouts by the squad leaders
and platoon leaders. In this way, with the help of the higher-level departments con-
cerned, and after five sessions of tryouts, revisions, and additions and after many
examinations and approvals by leaders, the compilation team came up with the final
versions of the plans and then distributed them to every company, thereby solving
the teaching difficulties of the companies.
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REGIMENT IMPROVES TACTICS BY STUDYING ACTUAL WARFARE
a
Beijing JIEFANGJUN BAO in Chinese 8 May 79 p 2
[Article by Fan Yiin [3058 1377 2430] et al: "Absorbing Combat Experience, Improving
Tactical Training"]
[TextJ A certain regiment of the Bei~ing Units has absorbed the experiences of the
war of self-detensive counterattack, has changed its idea and habit of training only
a single service arm, and has vigorously organized tactical drills that coordinate
the various service arms belonging to the regiment. ~
In past military training, the infan~ry elements', the mechanized gun elements, and
the specialized elements trained separately. Although separated'by only a thin
partition, the infantry elements and the artillery elements did not understand each
other. After studying the war of self-defensive counterattack, they made a point of
carrying out tactical training exercises that coordinated all the service arms. For
example, when strengthening the training topic concerning an assault by an infantry
company on an enemy tank platoon that had not attained a firm foothold, an 82-mm
recoilless gun platoon, a 82-mm mortar platoon, and a squad of engineers were attach-
ed to the infantry company, and each drilled repeatedly over unfamiliar terrain and
under complex conditions. During the drills, many commanders "lost the chariot for
the cannon" [a refereace to Chinese chess] and did not act in concert. Focusing on
the problems that had been revealed, the regimental organization took appropriate
measures for their step-by-step solution. It organized the var~;ous service arms to
brief each other on weaponry knowledge and combat principles, and organized the
cadres to study the principles of tank combat. The combat training department put
together an educational slide shaw entitled "Analysis of Tank Warfare in the Middle
East" and explained topography to the companies, and also organized the companies to
analyze the principles of battles involving infantry-artillery and infantry-tank
coordinated operations in the war of self-defensive counterattack. Afterward, the
second comprehensive drill was conducted through repeated drills, and there has been
a great improvement in the tactical standards of the officers and men.
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PLA UNIT INFORMATION, DESIGNATIONS
[The following PLA unit number and information are taken from various issues of
JIEFANGJUN BAO, published in Bei~ing. The date in parenthesis refers to date of
newspaper report.]
Unit 32130--A repair com~any of this unit is mentioned. (12 Jun 80 p 1)
Unit 32820--The lst Machine Gun and the Artillery Company of this unit helped
the 82mm Mortar Squad to overcome difficulties in nighttime firings.
(1 Sep 79 p 1)
Unit 33638--A rocket launcher battalion of this unit is mentioned. (2 Sep 79 p 1)
Uait 33984--A new recruit battalion of this unit is mentioned. (8 Dec 80 p 1)
Lhiit 34478--This unit is mentioned. (1 Sep 79 p 1)
Unit 35459--An ~identified supply depot of this unit is mentioned. (7 Dec 80 p 1)
Uait 51031--Based on ttie task of a future war, the 3rd Artillery Company of this
unit revised its training program and carried out nighttime antitank train-
ing. (1 Sep 79 p 1)
Unit 51055--To meet the needs of modern warfare, cadres and fighters of a con-
struction company of this uait diligently learned to use laser communications
equipment. A photo shows them using the equipment during a fortified position
defense training exercise. (30 Nov 80 p 1)
Unit 51083--A signal company of tlzis imit engaged in technical innovations to
coordinate with infantry compaaies in effectively carrying out antiairborae
defense training. (26 Sep 80 p 2)
Unit 51109--This unit is mentioned. (4 Sep 79 p 2)
Unit 52886--This unit is mentioned. (8 Dec 80 p 1)
Unit 52934--A new recruit squad of the 6th Company of this unit is mentioned.
(8Dec80p1)
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Unit 59049--The 6th Company of this unit is mentioned. (12 Jun 80 p 2)
Unit 83117--An artillery company of this ~it is mentioned. (2 Sep 79 p 2)
Unit 83221--A member of this unit wrote an article on the need to improve the
fighters' education level. (8 Dec 80 p 3)
Unit 83222--The 2nd Company of this unit is mentioned. (7 Dec 80 p 2) �
Unit 83467--The 4th Tank Company of this unit i~roved training methods and
achieved its highest rating ever in nighttime firings. (1 Sep 79 p 1)
t3nit 84805--This unit's hospital developed a surgical table and lamp which is
better suited to field operations. (2 Sep 79 p 1) ~
IFnit 84849--This unit is mentioned. (8 Dec 80 p 1)
Unit 84859--The lst Machine Gun Company of this unit is mentioned. (8 Dec 80 p 1)
Unit 84877--This ~it is statioaed in an unidentified location in Northwest China.
(4 Dec 80 p 3)
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MILITARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
INFORMATION ON MLLITARY, OTHER PERSONNEL ~
[The following biographic information is taken from various issues of JIEFANGJUN
; BAO, published in Bei3ing. The date in parenthesis refers to da~e of newspaper
report.]
; Chen Bo [7115 0590] Deputy commander of an uaidentified division of the Shanghai
Garrison Command. (1 Sep 79 p 2)
Ma Defu [7456 1795 1381] Commander of an unidentified tank division of the
Shengyang Units armored force. (4 Dec 80 p 2)
Liu Riubu [0491 4423 0592] Political commissar of an unidentified artillery
regiment af the Shengyang Units. (7 Dec 80 p 1)
Ren Wenfu [0117 2429 3940] Political commissar of Unit 87090. (4 Dec 80 p 3)
. Zhang Defu [1728 1795 4395] Deputy commander of an unidentified division of the
, Beijing Units. (7 Dec 80 p 2)
Zhang %uegang [1728 1331 0474] Political commissar of an unidentified division
; of the Beijing Units. (7 Dec 80 p 2) ~
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