JPRS ID: 9874 JAPAN REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400030055-4
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 48
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 55
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9874
2~9 July 1981
Ja an Re ort
p p
CFOUO 44/81)
FBIS ~'OREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERi/ICE
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- NOTF .
,
~ JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, ~ditorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
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last line of a brief, indicate how the ~ri~inal information was
- processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names pre~eded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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JPRS L/9874
29 July 198].
- . JAPAN REPORT
(FOUO 44/8~)
CONTENTS
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
U.S. Urges Japan Jointly To Develop, Make Arms
(Fumio Tateiwa; JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 30 Jun 81) 1
1981 Government-Sponsored Electronics Projects Detailed
(NIKKEI ELECTRONICS, various dates) 2
Big Corporations Stress Technological Exports To Boost Profits
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 30 Jun 81) 26
'CAPTAIN' Computer Access System Test Results Publishpd
(ASAHI EVENING NEWS, 21 Apr 81) 28
' CAPTAIN Telephone Access Information System Described
(KAGAICU GIJITSU BUNKEN SABISU, Apr 81) 29
MIT~I To Set Own Biotechnology Guideline
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURN~'.L, 30 Jun 81) 36
Nation To Become World's Top Base for 64K Dynamic Ram Production
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 30 Jun 81) 37
Company Ownership of Patent Rights Increased 35 Percent in FY 1980
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 30 Jun 81) 40
MITI Policy for IC Development Outlined ~
(NIHON KEIZAI SHIMBUN, 2 Jun 81, NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN,
, 17 Jun 81) 41
IC Patent Policy
IC Design Center Policy
Industrial Plants Said To Be Growing 'Old'
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 30 Jun 81) 44
� - a - [III - ASIA - 111 FOUO]
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SCIENCE AND TEGHNOLOGY
U.S. URGES JAPAN JOINTLY TO DEVELOP, MAKE ARMS
_ Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 961, 30 Jun 81 pp 1,3
(Article by Fumio Tateiwa]
[Text] The United States recently Thus the recent U.S. request nations. It has already in-
asked Japan to jointly develop is design~d to go beyond the tormed the U.S. of the study.
arms and supply the U.S. Army present setup to jointly develop The Defense Agency is willing
with electronics and other and produce practical to accept the recent U.S.
goods in an attempt to weaponry, utilizing J~~~pan's reyuest because the joint arms
strengthen bilateral defense highly-sophisticated tech- development will contribute to
ties, it was revealed last week. nologies, sources said. The U.S. the modernization of SDF
, On this U.S. request, in- ~ is also asking Japan to provide weaponry. But some officials
formed so~ces said, opinions electronics and other Japanese said the joint arms prodaction
within the Government are split gaods with high reliability for *r,ight violate the "three
and the Suzu{ri Cabinet will its army. principles on arms sxport" and
soon face witt~ a very difficult Informed sources said ihis hold that Japan should be
political decision whether to request is based on U.S. world cautious in talking about joint
accept the request or no[. The strategy to counter the Soviet production of arms and the
pros argue that Japan should military threat with the U.S., talks should be limiteci only to
accept such a li.S. request West Europe and Japan the joint development of arms,
from the standpoint of further together and is closely related not production.
promoting Japan-U.S. coopera- to U.S. demands for Japan to Japan's "three principles on
tion and modernizinq weaponry ,.J share a greaier defense burden ~ms export" were first dis-
of the Japanese Self-Defense in the fuWre. Also, legally the closed in the Diet by former
Forces. The cons say that the request is founded on the prime 1~Iinister Eisaku Sato in
supply of parts and jo~ntly Japan-U.S. Mutual Defense 1967 and stipulated that Japan
developed arms will violate the pssistance Agreeir;ant which Would not export to: 1) Com-
well-kept "three principles on stipulates that Japan will mW~st nations, ~2~ nations to
arms export" and inevitabiy supply the U.S. with necessary ; Which the United Nations had
invite sharp criticisms from materials and semi-Cnished forbidden arms exports and (3~
Opposition parties. goods. nati~ns in dispute or likely to be
At present, sources said, the Details on specific arms to be in dispute.
Japan-U.S. Equipment Tech- ~ointly developed are not dis- Later, the Government
nology Consultative Committee closed yet, but the U.S. has long elaborated o? thesp three
is the organ for exchanging expressFa its intention to utiliae principles, and formes Prime
defense technologies between high-quality Japanese prod- Minister Takeo ,1Qiki sait~ in the
the two countries and ~S ucts. In 14arch, 1980 former Diet in 1976 that Japan will
managed mainly by the lindersecretary of State refrain from export of arms not ~
Defence Agency's Bureau of ~rge Ball proposzd that only to those countries of said
Equipment. But this com- Japan build an aircraft carrier three categories, but also to
mittee's function is limited to j and loan it to the U.S. Navy. any area, observing the spirit
basic research into defense ~
technology and an exchange of I Previo~sly, Japan had 'u-~~:. of the Japanese Constitution
~ defense-related information studying the possibility of joint ~ and the_ Foreign Exchange
and does not go into the joint developanent and production of and Foreign Trade Control Law,
development or production of arms ~in a bid to standardize and treat equipment for arms
arms. weaponry between the two Production also as arms.
' COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120/272 1
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
~ 1981 GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ELECTRONICS PROJECTS DETAILED
Tokyo NIKKEI ELECTRONICS in Japanese 27 Apr, 11 May, 25 May 81
[27 Apr 81 pp 253-257]
~Text] Part 1. Beginning with this issse we will be introducing the 1981
government budget for electronics-related projects in three parts. Despite the
tig.ht budget, electronics-related projects have received special consideration.
For example, MITI, whose projects we cover in this issue, has started a number
of basic technology development projects aiming at the 1990's. It would seem
that the importance of electronics as a major industry has been recognized. In
the ensuing issues, we plan to present the budgets of the Science and Technology
Agency, Defense Agency, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommuni-
cations, and Telegram and Telephone Public Corporation.
MITI: Introduces Various New Themes Aiming at the 1990's
As of fiscal 1981, MITI will begin three large-scale electronics-related re-
search and development proj ects under the slogan, aim for a r_~c~!nology based
nation by the 1990's." Ttao projects deal with computers: "it & D of High-9peed
Computation System for Science and Technology" and "R & D of Sth Generation Com-
puters." The third, a device related project, is the "R & D of New Function
Elements (R & D of Basic Industrial Technology for tha Next Generationl."
One characteristi.c of the fiscal 1981 budget, in addition to these new large-
scale projects, is the inc~usion of the "Development of Fuel Battery Generating
Technology" under the comprehensive energy-related Moonlight Plan; the other is
the budget for the "R & D of Solar Energy Generation" under the Sunshine Plan,
which has increased approximately 2.5 times from the previous year. (Table 1)
Two Computer Projects and R& D of New Function Elements To Start
Of the two computer related pro~ects, the "High-speed Computation System for
Science and Technology Computation" will aim at reaching a high-speed perform-
ance level of 104MFLOPS (million floating point operations per second). This
would be done through utilization of devices faster than conventional ones and
by parallel processing of m'ultiple basi.c processors, without altering the sys-
tem's architecture. The target value is about 100 times faster than the Crapl,
the fastest system available today. In contrast, the "Sth Generat~.on Comguters"
will develop all-purpose, easy to handle computers. This will be achieved by
actualization of non-Newmann type new ar~hitecture, such as data flow, and by
enabling them to accept verbal instructions.
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The "Computation System for Science and Technology" is a large project of the
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology. For this it has asked the Minis-
- try of Finance for a total of about 31 billion yen for 8 years until fiscal
1988. In fiscal 1981, the Agency will use 30 million yen to organize the entire
project; i.n 1982, a general concept design will be completed. Whether or not to
establish a research organization will be determined in 1981. It is expected
_ that for high-speed elements, Josephson joining elements, excluding Si, and
Fujitsu's high electronic transfer rate transistors (GaAlAs/GaAs) and GaAs
electric field effective transistors, will be used (Table 2). The Josephson
and high electronic transfer rate elements can function at super low tempera-
tures of -269�C and -196�C, respectively. For par.allel processing, the plans
:~nclude mobilizing about 1,000 4 MFLOPS level processors in parallel position.
~1~ ~2 +1'r iiti�i~11~::, J~~~l i1 - f. , ',I,:pp ~ , ; t U;.idi ~~~114'!tl'ii~
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Key: (1) Table 2. Performance Targets of Devices (candidateSlUsed for High-
_ Speed Computation System for Science and Technology
(2) Josephson elements (8) Normal temperature
(3) High electronic transfer rate (9) Logical elements
transistors (10) Integrated degree (per 1 chip)
(4) GaAs electric field transistors (11) Gate
(5) Operating temperature (12) Speed (per gate)
(6) Liquid helium temperature (13) Memory elements
(7) Liquid nitrogen temperature (14) Bit
R& D of the "Sth Generation Computers" is expected to last 10 years until ,
fiscal 1990. In 1981, a survey will be conducted to determine the disburse-
ment of 15 million yen, and the scale of the project will also be determined.
It is said that the second large-scale project, "R & D of New Function Elements" ~
will "search for elements which will become a major force in the 21st century."
This theme is a part of the pro~ect, "R & D of Basic Industrial Technology fox
the Next Generation," taken up by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology. -
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The last projec+, deals with three major items: "new function elements," "new '
materials," and "biotechnolcgy." The Agency has asked the Ministxy of Finance
fvr a total of 10 billion yen for 10 years until fiscal 1990. The "new func-
tion ~elemen~s" will require 31 billion yen; it will use~673 million y~n in
fiscal 1981.
Under the "new function elements," there are four themes: 1) biochemical de-
tecting elements; 2) super grid elements; 3) three dimensional circuit ele-
~ ments; and 4) environmentally durable reinforced elements. By 1981, the Agency
will complete the plans, determine the manufacturer, and begin research.
The goals are: the 1) "biochemical detecting elements" will analyze chemical
sensory mechanism of an organism to create a sensor capable of detecting scents,
tastes, etc; under 2) "super grid elements," there will be a search for [new]
materials, a development of growth control technology of extremely thin mem-
branes, and development of interfacial physical properties control and evalua-
tion technol~gy; the goal is to realize super high-speed elements by means of
crystal structure con~trol at the level of atoms; 3) "three dimensional circuit
~ elements" aims at integration of several layers of elements vertically; this is
- in contrast to the present LSI arrangement, where elements, such as transistors
~ are integrated two-dimensionally. Items requiring development include a crystal
formation technology such as that used in laser anneal, a design of a three-
dimensional circuit, a multi-level signal unifying technology, a compounding of
- various functions, etc; 4) "environmentally durable reinforced elem~nts" aims
at establishing a highly reliable ~echnology that will enable elements to func-
tion under special conditions such as radiation, high temperature, vibration,
shock, etc; The development of 4) alone is 8 years, ending in 1988.
The "new materials" project is classified into two fields, the "fine ceramics"
and rhe "high function high particles." Of these, the "high function high
' particles" include a theme related to electronics, viz, that of "electric
- conductive high particle materials." The target is to develop a material with
a rate of 106SZ-1� cm 1, which is equivalent to conductivity of Cu and Ag; the
material will be used principally for producing high temperature super Plectric
conductive materials, organic semiconductors, and high anticorrosion electrodes.
- In addition tu these long-term large-scale projects, two new themes related to
computer software will begin in fiscal 1981. The Association for Promotion of
Data Processing is involved in "making changes in, adding functions to and
improving the efficiency of software preventive maintenance" and in "develop-
ment of advanced data processing." The former will require a total of approxi~-
mately 5 billion yen for 5 years until I9i35. For the latter, a"Center for
Software Technology "(tentative) will be established to carry out research.
Construction of Solar Generation Plant To Start
The "Development of Fuel Battery Generation Technology," a new energy-related
project, will develop four systems: the phosphoric acid type, alkali type,
fusion carbonate type, and solid electrolyte type; it will also develop the
' application technology of these systems. The development of application of
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phosphoric acid type, whose basic technology has already been established in
United States and other countries, wj_11 be completed by fiscal 1986; it is
hoped that this system will be co~ercially available by fiscal 1987. [The
project coordinators] expect to complete the construction of a 1,000 kW test
plant in 2 years between fiscal 1985 and 1986. Except for phosphoric acid
type, interim evaluation for all others will he made in 5 years. The "fuel
battEry" project is a part of the Moonlight Plan being promoted by the Agency
of IndusCrial Science and Technology. The Moonlight Plan originally started
in 1976 for the purpose of developing energy-saving technology.
The Sun~hine Plan, on the other hand, started in 1974 to develop alternativ~
- energy sources. The 1981 budget for one of its projects, the "R & D of Solar
Generation Technology," is 5.6 billion yen, which is 2.5 times greater than that
of the previous year. The budget growth rate for this project is outstanding
in comparison to other MITI electronics development projects. This is due to
the start of construction of pilot plants and a demonstration system. (Table 3)
The construction of pilot plants includes one for a low-cost Si testing refin-
ery (lOt/year) and a solar battery panel test-manufacturing plant (500kW/year).
The solar plant will be constructed for multi-crystal and ribbon crystal solar
battery generations, both capable of producing 250 kW/year. As for the demon-
stration system, [solar generators] will be installed in private residences
(generation capacity 3kW), apartment complex (60 kW), schools (200 kW), and
factories (100 kW) by the end of fiscal 1982.
Of the approximately 5.8 billion yen budgeted for solar generation, 4.3 billion
yen (special account) will be used for test plants, such as the pilot plants
(approximately 2.1 billion yen) and for the demonstration system (approximately
1 billion yen). The greater part (about 1.3 billion yen) of the balance of 1.5
billion yen (general account) will be appropriated for R& D of amorphous Si
solar battery. The goal of solar generation is to achieve the level of 50 yen/W
in 10 ~ea.rs. According to a project spokesman, the most promising element in
achieving this goal is "amorphous Si."
However, the departments in charge of these projects are unwilling to reveal
the details of various projects or the names of commissioned manufacturers.
On the other hand, the "Major Technology Development Subsidy" (Agency of Indus-
trial Science and Technology), granted ta private industries for R& D pro~ects,
is 2.6 billion yen for fiscal 1981, a drop of about 6 percent from the previous
year. New themes ror fiscal 1981 will be determined in June, but the electronics-
- related themes continued from fiscal 198U are as f~llows:
The ''core technologies" include 1) appliPd research in recording medium for
high density magnetic recording (Tokyo Shibaura Electric, Nichiden Anelba
[phoneticJ, fiscal 1980-81); 2) research and testing of LSI applied intelligent
~multiple automatic measuring system (Automatic Measuring Technology Research
Association, fiscal 1980-82); 3) applied research in two-dimensional minimum
light measurement (Hamamatsu Television, fiscal 1980-81); 4) applied research
in color liquid crystal matrix display (Hoshi Electric, fiscal 1980-81).
6
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- ~ 1 ` 3 1: G~; A: St u h+i ' . . . . _ _
~ / i; , ~ ~ 7C~ii~--x� t~F) ~
~2 ~,~biq ' '\3,~ ~-7~~~t1 ~ S7 ~~A. ~ 1' 8
y p, b4. 8i~ ~,lJB r
(6 ~i~~~,,~~mt'nu,~~~t ~8~ ~ ~14) ioc ~ t u~~~ ~ 1-'1(NNII ! : I
r I ~"}~~u l.fi > ~25~ -
:i kK' 6 kW
~ ~~vl. ~~.~l~ I
~ It~ fii#I lal'R ~ 9f y 1 C-~~
~22~
i
- - - _
ctil'~Nft ~`'~r~----l211
.
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~26~ yi~~ (27) ~i.t~.~~ i
- - 1
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i v(. ~v~.l:fy;"Qe:~tl!
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- ~ - -
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Key :
(1) Table 3. Solar Generation Plan
_ (2) Purposes
(3) Themes (Account) .
(4) Schedules (year)
- (5) 19'~9, 1980, 1981, 1982, 19839 1984, 1985, 1986
(6) (1) Cost reduction of battery
(7) L) Cost reduction in manufacturing process
' (8) Low cost Si Test refining (special account)
(9~ Soldr battery panel test manufacturing (special account)
(10) lOt plant 100t plant 1000t plant
(11) 500kW line 5000kW line SO,OOOkW line
(12) 2) Development of new type of solar battery
(13) II-VI group compound semiconductors (general account)
(14) SnOs Solar battery (general account)
(15) Light and heat hybrid type solar battery
[key continued]
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[Table 3 Key continued]
(16) Applied research Test running of model plants Operation rese~rch
(17) Basic research Applied research Test Evaluation
(18) Applied research Construction of 30kW system
(19) (2) Development of system technology
(20) Devel~pment of demonstration system (special account)
(21) Development of concentrated solar generation system (special account)
(22) Development cf peripheral technology (special account)
(23) Construction of 4 systems Amprphous system
(24)~ 100kW x 2 constructions
- (25) 3kW system 6kW system
(26) (3) Standardization
(27) Development of large solar simulators (special account)
(28) Manufacturing ~
- (29) (4) Future Trends
(30) Amorphous solar battery (general account)
(31) Basic research (general account)
(32) Basic research � Productior? technology research � Peripheral technology
research � Demonstration system support study
(33) Basic research
(34) Designing Construction Operation research
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The "unexplored revolutionary technologies" include 1) research in light memory
materials (Oki Electric, fiscal 1980-82); 2) research in the method of ine~sur-
ing internal temperature of organi~m (Human Well-being Equipment Research Cen-
- ter of the Technology and Research Association, fiscal 198~-82,); 3) research in
Josephson integrated circuit (Nippon Electr.ic, Hitachi Ltd, Fujitsu, and
Mitsubishi Electric, 1980-831.
The "energy conservation technologies" include applied research in the develop-
_ ment of image indicating system using low power consuming CRT. (Sanyo Electric,
1980-82)
[11 May �31 pp 254-260]
[Text] Part 2
Ministry of Transport: Digitalization of Meteorological Radar Images To Begin
The fiscal 1981 electronics-related projects of the Ministry of Transport are
mostly carryovers from last yPar; there are few changes.
The Meteorological Agency of ttie Ministry, however, will begin di~italization of
meteorological radar images. The digitalization will make easy camputer process-
ing of such data gathered by radar as rainfall by fixing the volume of data, and,
at the same time, will increase the reliability of forecast by externally insert- ~
ing the movement of rain.
This is done infive stages: 1) First, reflected waves are converted into digitals
(two advancements). 2) Secondly, such data as mountains and buildings are elim-
inated through groce.ssing. This is done by taking advantage of the f.act that
rain, snow and 'nail have the significant characteristic of fluctuating greatly
against time, whereas mountains and buildings remain sti11. 3) In order to
filter out noise, measurements are made 8 times per 1/100 second and an average
is taken. 4) Emitted signals are then converted along the X-Y coordinates fram
the radar's polar coordinates. Because these sigr~als can be indicated in the
~ CRT (cathode=ray tube) of a luster scanner and because intensity distribution
can be indicated in color, the r~adings can be made easily even in bright areas. _
In addition, the data can be put into the L ADDESS (meteorological data automa-
tic data editing station system) via communication circuits so as to make them
~ available throughout the country. It will be installed in Fukui and Nagoya in
- 1981. (About 160 million yen) ~
In addition, as a part af its "Promot~on of Earthquake Warning Plan," the
~ Meteorological Agency will begin a survey on the installation of a permanent
submarine earthquake observation system off ~he coast of Boso. (3.2 million yen)
The Civii Aviation Bureau, as part of its "control tower consolidation" program,
will install flight oUsPrvation radar in Amami. Furthermore, it will improve
the program of flight data plan processing system (FDP). This is because the
- number of troubles has increased annually due to the increased number of flights.
The RDP (radar data processing system) will enter the final stage in fiscal
1981.
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~
Defense Agency: New Large-Scale Pro~ects To Start
The fiscal 1981 budget for the Defense Agency is 2.4 trillion yen, an increase
of 7.6 percent from ~he previous year. The rate of increase is comparable to
that of last year. It has dropped below the 10 percent level for 2 years in
= succession. The amount represents 0.91 percent of the GNP, which means a slight
increase over the 0.90 percent level of the past 3 years. In the area of R& D,
the budget of the Technological Research and Development Institute (Tech-
Institute) is 31.711 billion yen, an increase of 10.2 percent from the previous
- year (which recorded a 7.2 percent increase).
For fiscal 19�31, what is noticeable are the new large-scale project~. They in-
clude the development of next-generation intermediate trainers (MTX), the deci-
sion on a system (BADGE X) to replace automatic alert control system, and the
- building of missile escorts
Development of MTX To Cost 38 Billion Yen
Among the R& D items of the Defense Agency`s Tech-Institute, the MTX, which
will begin in fiscal 1981, represents the f irst military aircraft to be pro-
duced in Japan in years. This project will manufacture training craft that will
replace the present T-1 and T-33. The development period is about 7 years;
four�flight and two fatigue test craft ~ill be manufactured on a trial basis
with an estimated total cost of 38 billion yen (based on fiscal 1980 cost).
. For fiscal 1981, 1.596 billion yen has been set aside for basic design and
draft related tests and research (for 2 years; of which 1.267 billion yen is
allocated for fiscal 1982). Later on, more detailed designs and trial manu-
facture will follow, and the first f light is expected to take place in the
summer of 1985. It is said that after the completion of the developmerct, about
_ 15t~-20~ planes will be purchased in 10 years beginning the first half of the
1985-1995 decade at a total cost of 250 billion yen. Manufacturers have al-
ready begun competing for orders, among them Fuji Heavy Industries which manu-
factured T-1 and Kawasaki Heavy Industries which manufactured T-33. It is an-
ticipated that major contractors for the development wi11 be selected in fiacal
1982.
Research and trial manufacture of small turbo fan engines (F-3), destined for
MTX will also move ahead. As in last year, five units will be trial manufactured.'
The fiscal 1981 budget is 3.259 billion yen (for 2 years; of which 2.588 billion
yen is for fiscal 1982). The development period is expected to last until
fiscal 1983.
Regar3ing aircraft, research and trial manufacture (Tech-Institute's own
research proposition) of CCV (motion capacity improvement system) continues to
outshine others. During the last fiscal year, segmented trial manufacture was
conducted; however, this year's goal is to assemble the system into the air-
craft body (T-2) and fly it. The f isca.l 1981 budget is 2.513 billion yen (for
3 years; 158 million yen for fiscal 1982, 1.996 billion yen for fiscal 1983).
The virgin flibht is expected to take place in 1982. It is anticipated that
the Defense Agency will use CCV extensively in the next generation of support
fighters (FSX) (in the mid 1985-1995 decade).
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As a new research proposition, there is the future fire control system. It is
to be developed for use in combat planes replacing F-15 and F-4. In fiscal
1981, 168 million yen (for 2 years; 134 million yen for fiscal 1982) will be
used to trial manufacture phased alley antennas.
A budget has also been approved for ECM (Electronic Counter Measure) system
(ALQ-8) to be installed in F-15. Antennas were trial manufactured last year.
In 1981, 464 million yen (for 2 years; 169 million yen for 1982) will be spent
to trial manufacture transmitting and modulation units. ALQ-8 is a system which
jams signals from firearm control systems of enemy craft and surface-to-air
guided missiles. It is expected to be completed by fiscal 1983.
Among the continuing research projects, one proposition just a:: signif icant is
the CCV is the research and trial manufacture of portable surface-to-air guided
missiles (portahle SAM) (SAM-1). The fiscal 1981 budget is 1.794 billion yen
(for 3 years; 390 million yen for fiscal 1982, 1.217 billion yen for fiscal
1983). This is a portable guided missile. It employs an image homing method
and utilizes a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor in the homing system.
Two groups, Tokyo Shibaura Electric and Kawasaki Heavy Industries--Nippon Elec-
tric, are manufacturing the first trial products. In addition, air-to-air
guided missiles, medium range anti-tank guided missiles (Medium MAT), and
surface-to-ship guided mis:~les (SSM) are being developed.
= The budget for high-speed homii~g torpedo is also large. It is 4.12 billion
yen (for 3 years; 2.356 billion yen for fiscal 1982, 1.341 billion yen for
fiscal 1983). Seven torpedoes will be trial manufactured. This plan has been
in effect since fiscal 1970 and every aspect of it will finally enter the trial
manufacture stage. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is in charge.
_ There are new projects in radar and communications areas. First, there is a
new radar for battle field observation. This is a medium-range land radar
capable of catching even human movements. The budget is for 267 million yen
(for 2 years; 213 million yen for fiscal 1982). There will be only one trial
manufacture. Secondly, there is new outdoor radio equipment which will be used
to form mobile radio communications networks. A total of 460 million yen (for
2 years; 367 million yen for fiscal 1982) will be used to trial manufacture
radio equipment for search planes, land'vehicle radios, relay radios, and port-
able radios. As a continuing pro~ect, 369 million yen (for 2 years; 294 mil-
lion yen ~or fiscal 1982) has been appropriated for army corps' electronic.
switchboard.
As an unusual item, there is the research and trial manufacture of ultra-red
ray sensor. Up to this year semiconductors were hardly treated independently.
- U1tra-red CCD exceeding 200 elements will be developed at a cost of 154 million
" yen.
A Decision on Next-Term BADGE System Is Expected
Among purchase and operations, the next-term automatic air defense alert con-
trol system (BADGE X) is attracting much attention. For fiscal 1981, only sur-
vey expenses have been approved; however, it is expected that system design
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and choice of ma~or contractors will be completed within the year. It is anti-
_ cipated that purchases will begin as of fiscal 1983, expending a~;total of 230
billion yen. Japanese computers will be used and software will be developed in
Japan with the help of the United States. For this reason, ma3or electronice
manufacturers such as Fujitsu, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric, Nippon Electric,
and Tokyo Shibaura Electric are fiercely competing for orders.
In the area of aircraft, four early warning crafts (E-2C) will be purchased.
Three anti-submarine patrol planes (P-3C) will be purchased for the first time,
and eight interceptors (F-15J, F-15DJ) will be obtained but no orders will be
placed in fisca]_ 1981. In addition, a total of 43 planes (about half of 1980
purchases), will be purchased, including 2 transports (C-130H).
For surface-to-air guided missiles, 6 sets of short-range surface-to-air guided
missiles (Short SAM) and 20 sets of portable surface-to-air guided missiles
(Carry-on SAM) will be purchased for the first time in years. The short SAM is
a guided missile developed by Tech-Institute between f iscal 1971 and 1979.
Tokyo Shibaura was in charge of development. The partable SAM will be the U.S.
made Stinger. It is said that U.S. made SAMs will be replaced by those devel-
oped by Tech-Institute in the future. Also, nine anti--ship and anti-tank
- guided missile launchers will be purchased. In addition, the practice of con-
verting one anti-aircraft techx~ical group unit to improved Hawk will continue.
Another notable feature of fiscal 1981 is the construction of new warships.
These include seven guided missile (Tartar) equipped naval escorts, totalling
16,980 tons. As in the past, guided missiles will be installed for ship-to-
ship and ship-to-air capabilities on the escort "Takatsuki."
In communications, consolidation of a new control command system will start.
Installation of defense micro circuit will continue; in fiscal 1981, it will
be installed between Fukuoka and Sasebo. In order to reinforce anti-submarine
c~~n:-nar~d communications capability, a survey on the consolidation of super-long
wave transmitting station wi11 continue. Also, an electronics corps will be
newly organized under the northern army corps (Higashi Chitose) of Ground
Self-Defense Force and an electronics operations support corps (Yokosuka)
under the Maritime Self Defense Force.
So far, an outline of the items mostly utilizing electronics equipment has been
pr.esPnted. Beginning this April, "mid-term operation estimates for fiscal 1981"
(plans for fiscal 1983-87) will be compiled. As seen in the BADGE X projects,
there wil 1 be even greater opportunities for electronics manufacturers to par-
ticipate.
Science and Technology Agency and Ministry of Education: Numerous Satellite
Plans in Order
_ The rate of increase for the entire space related budget has been less than
3 percent for the past several years. The 1981 [budget] is 105 billion yen,
a 2.9 percent ir~crease from the previous year. However, there are many new
projects. ThEre are numerous satellite launch and development plans. The
development of a prototype H-1 rocket will start.
~ 12
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According to the National Space Development Agency, it plans to launch Station-
ary Meteorological Satellite No 2 in summer 1981; this will be followed by the
launching of Communications Satellite No 2 in fiscal 1982 and 1983, Broadcast
Satellite No 2 in fiscal 1983 and 1985, Marine Observation Satellite No 1 in
winter 1984 (the above satellites will be launched by N-II rock.ets), and Geo-
detic Satellite No 1 around f iscal 1985 (by H-1'rocket). In addition, there
- are plans for Earth Observation Satellite (ERS-1) and Aviation-Marine Engineer-
ing Satellite (AMES). ~
The ERS-1 will conduct observations to secure data on energy resources, minerals,
forestry, agricultural product conditians, land and its usage, and environmental
protection. It will weigh 1.2 tons and circle along the solar orbit at an alti-
tude of 500-700 km; its life-expectancy is about 2 years. It will maintain :Cts
position by a three axis-control system. The 1981 budget applies not to the
development of the main body but.to that of sensors. It will be used to trial
manufacture a synthetic open-mouth radar, a visual near ultra-red radiation
_ gauge, and a visual thermal ultra-red radiation gauge. The AMES is a multi-
purpose nonstationary communications satellite and its targets are to establish
communications engineering between aircraft and vessels, experiment with evalu-
ation of f light control, and conduct basic experiments on marine satellites.
It will weigh about 350 kg, will have a stationary orbit and life-expectancy of
about 1.5 years. The AMES budget is shown in Table 3 under "technological sur-
- vey and research on stationary spin-type mobile communications engineering
satellite." In 1981, the system will be studied, antennas developed, etc.
- The Ministry of Education will launch No 10 Science Satellite in winter 1984
and No 11 Science Satellite in winter 1985. No 10 will analyze the structure
of Halley's Comet. It will weigh 125 kg. No 11 will measure X-rays from dis-
tant celestial bodies. It will weigh about 400 kg. Both satellites will use
M-3S Revised I Rocket.
In the area of rockets, the National SPace Development Agency will develop a
prototype H-1 rocket. It will conduct basic designing, trial manufacture and
experiment of second stage liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen engines as well as
inertia induction device. H-1 will launch satellites weighing about 100 kg.
In comparison to the conventional N-I and N-II rockets, the ratio of the Japan-
ese-made parts in H-1 will double to 90 percent. For example, the inertia in-
duction device will be developed domestically, using a stable platform system.
Computers and programs for inertia induction are being developed now.
The Ministry of Education will also develop a new M-3S Revised I Rocket that
uses solid fuel only. It is expected to be launched in summer 1984.
In addition, in the aerospace area, R& D of fan--jet STOL is significant
- (National Aerospace Laboratory). This is an aircraft whose take-off and
landing distances are short. The Laboratory hopes to complete it by fiscal
1983. In 1981, manufacturing of aircraft body and engine will begin (4.385
billion yen; amount born by national liability action is 3.9 billion yen).
13
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Key :
(1) Table 2. Defense Agency Budget (unit: 1 million yen)
(2) Item
(3) Agency in charge
(4) Fiscal 1980
(5) Fiscal 1981 ~
' (6) Amount to be shared in later years
(7) Others
(8) (a) Research and Development
(9) � New R& D expenses, etc.
(10) Technological Research and Development Institute, Defense Agency
(11) * ~uided weaponry
(12) Items
(13) * Electronic equipment
(14) * Firearms and vehicles
(15) * Warships and underwater weaponry
[key con*_inued]
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[Table 2 Key continued]
(16) *Aircraft
- (17) (b) Pro3ects and Purchases
(18) � Consolidation of military ware
(19) * Defense Agency
(20) * Classification t~
(21) Type 79 anti-ship and anti-tank guided missile launchers
(22) Sets
(23) T~pe 74 tanks
(24) Vehicles
(25) * Surface-to-air guided missiles
(26) Hawk
(27) Short SAM
(28) Carry-on SAM
(29) * Aircraft
(39) Early warning craft (E-2C)
(31) Units
(32) * Warships
(33) Vessels, 17, 191 t
(34) � Construction of defense micro circuits and establishment of central
command off ice
(35) * Defense micro circuits
(36) * Central command office
16
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. . _ . - _ _ _ - - -
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I'~19b~~Hllt1M ~19~ '~'~ii+{:I,:rbh;tr~i 4~ 374
Key:
(1) Table 3. Space Development Budget of Science and Technology Agency and
Ministry of Education (unit: 1 million yen)
(2) Items (major pro~ects)
(3) Agency in charge
(4) Fiscal 1980
(5) Fiscal 1981
(6) Amount born by National Liability Action (Fiscal 1981)
f7) � Development of Stationary Meteorological Satellite No 2(GMS-2)
(8) National Space Develflpment Agency
(9) � Development of Communications Satellite No 2(CS-2)
(10) � Development of Broadcasting Satellite No 2(BS-2)
_ (11) � Development of Marine Observation Satellite No 1(MOS-1)
(12) � R& D of Geodetic Satellite No 1(GS-1)
(13) � Trial testing of earth observation equipment (sensors) such as
synthetic open-mouth radar
[key continued]
17
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(Table 3 Key continued]
(14) � T~chnological survey and research in stationary spin-type mobile
communications engineering satellite
(15) s Receiving and processing of earth observation data
(16) � Research in basic satellite technology
- (17) National Aerospace Laboratory
(18) � Research expenses for Science Satellites
(19) Space Science Research Institute
(20) * Development of No 10 Science Satellite
(21) * Development of No 11 Science Satellite
(22) � Development of H-1 Rocket
(23) * For development of practical model
(24) a Research in liquid oxygen-liquid hydrogen rocket engine elements
(2.5) � Development expenses for M Rockets
(26) * Development of M-3S Revised I Rocket
(27) � Ba~ic research expenses for development of liquid hydrogen engine
(28) � Survey and research in space material testing system
(29) � Expenses fox participating in Space Shuttl~ Plan (SEPAC)
18
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[25 May 81 pp 233-236]
_ [Text] Part 3
~
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications: Concentrates on Satellite Application
~ Technology
Fiscal 1981 general account budget of the Min3.stry of Posts arid Telecou~unica-
tions is 24.03 billion yen, which is an increase of 1.4 percent from the previ-
ous year. Its major projects are shown in Table 1. Again this year, in addi-
tion to 1981 estimated expenditure, a national liability action (fiscal
expenditures take effect after the following year, but contracts should be made
in advance) in the amount of 949 million yen has been appropriated for space-
related projects. The main research topic is the development of satellite
application technology. Also important is highly precise land measurements
utilizing space radio waves (waves transmitted from radio stars).
In the space-related budget, 821 million yen, which is nearly half the budget,
will be used by the "Organization of Co~?unications and Broadcasting Satellites."
~ This organization controls and manages orbiting communications and broadcasting
satellites; it was established in August, 1979. This year, it plans to con-
struct in Kimizu, Chiba prefecture, a radio station which controls stationary
satellites.
The "Experimental Research in Coummunications and Broadcasting Satellites"
(840 million yen) deals mainly in experiments using satellites launched by NASA
(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and commissioned by Japan. The
communications satellite (CS) was launched in December, 1977, an~ the broadcast-
ing satellite (BSO) in April, 1978. Both weigh about 350 kg and life-expectancy
is about 3 years. The BS broadcasting functions based on 12 GHz band have
stopped since June 1980, but other experiments are continuing. In terms of
telephone conversion (4KHz), the co~nunications capacity of CS is about 4,000
circuits; communications ~periments are still continuing. It has six systems
under 30 GHz (ascending)/20GHz (descending), and two under 6GHz (ascending)/
4GHz (descending).
- Launching of stationary communicatlons testing satellites (about 130 kg) by
Japanese made N-Rockets failed twice; the plan has been scrapped. Because of
this, communications experiment of millimeter wave band (32/35 GHz), which had
been a part of the above plan, will be continued on land.
However, practical satellites (about 350 kg), which are extensions of present
CS and BS, are expected to be launched by Japanese made N-II Rockets. Accord-
- ing to the present plan, CS-2a will be launched in February, 1983; CS-2b in
September, 1983; BS-2a in Feb�ruary, 1984; and BS-2b in August, 1985.
Satellites utilizing mobile marine communications (21 million yen) allow com-
munications with vessels and aircraft. It uses both L-band (1.5/1.6 GHz) and
C-band (SGHz); its communications capacity based on telephone conversion is 10
circuits. The satellite will weigh 40-60 kg with life-expectaacy of 1.5 years.
The target launch year is 1985.
19
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21
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As a part of basic~research, there is the study of multi-beam antenna (18
million yen) for satellite-use. The antenna is capable of emitting several
in~ependent beams.
The Distance Between Japan-U.S. Will Be Measured With an Error of Only
Several CM
One attention-getting project is the research in geodetic technology using
space radio waves (208 million yen). Under this method, weak noise waves from
radio stars or satellites are received at two distant locations (more than 100
km apart); an accurate measurement of the distance between these two points can
be calculated from the time difference in reception of signals.
.
The crucial technological point lies ir: accurate recording of times and in cor-
relation of two radio waves. It is expected that the distance between the
United States and Japan can be measured within the accuracy of several cm. As
a result, it is said that this technology will be useful in measuring land
movements and predicting earthquakes.
Noticeable Interest in Electrical Communications Policy
With the establishment of the Electrical Communications Policy Bureau, some
interest in electrical communications policy has appeared. The standardiza-
tion for the purpose of enhancing data communications (210 million yen) will
be more or less complete by 1981. As in 1980, it is likely that the resear.ch
will be commissioned to Data Communications Association and Joint System Devel-
opment. The details are: 1) proving system to check the appropriateness to
the standard protocol (92 million yen); 2) access method for data base (38
million yen); and 3) codifying method for data protection (27 million yen).
~ The "Electrical Communications Agplication System" (57 million yen) refers to
the so-called Captain system (in�ormation service using telephone and televi-
sion set); the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications is responsible for
data input and system's software. In 1981, terminals will be increased and
testing will enter a second stage. The target for commercialization is fiscal
1983. In addition, approval has been given to such new projects as actualiza-
tion of home information system at Tsukuba Academic Community (31 million yen)
and to survey of long-term communications policies (21 million yen).
Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation: 3.5 Percent Increase in Construc-
tion Investment; Development Expenses To Reach 80.2 Billion Yen
The fiscal 1981 budget of the Telegraph and Telephone Public Corpor~stion shows
3,919,900,000 yen for operating revenue, an increase of 1.4 percenic, and
3,826,100,000 yen for ope~ating expenditure, an increase of 6.5 percent. The
reason for the small increase in operating revenue is the 191.8 billion yen
drop in revenue, due to price reduction in night and long-distance calls.
Electronics projects sponsored by Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation
are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The general telephone subscription rate continues
to decline; it is down to 1.4 million subscribers. But the construction
22
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Table 2. Electronics Related Projects of Telegraph and Telephone Public
Corporation (unit: 1000 million yen) ~
- Increase-over
previous year
Fiscal Fiscal indicates
Items 1980 1981 de~rease)
(a) Research and Development
� Data processing technology 124 131 7
� Switchboard technology 74 79 5
- � Transmitting technology 49 53 4
� LSI technology 66 70 4
(b) Operations and Purchases
s General construction pro~ects 12,660 13,194 534
Services 2,511 2,834 323
Groundwork 6,169 6,080 -89
- Disaster prevention plans 450 500 50
Expansion of s~ibscribing areas 310 200 -110
Consolidation and replacement 3,220 3,580 360
� Data communications 980 999 19
� Telephone popularization plan
for remote farming, mountain,
and fishing villages 320 240 -80
- investment is 1,770,000,000 yen, an increase of 3.5 percent from the previous
year. This is ~zcause of increased replacement work and popularity of such
telephone terminals as push-phones. In addition, R& D expenses of 80.2 bil-
lion yen represents 2.05 percent of the operating revenue, reaching again the
2 percent level.
Sinc~ the rate of telephane distribution continues to drop, the construction
pace of basic facilities has also dropped. A total of 225 new telephone
offices will be constructed (52 less than the previous year); coaxial cable
for 102 areas (minus ?4); microwave for 203 areas (minus 41). There is a push
to install electronic switchboards in new telephone offices; in fiscal 1981,
new services will l~egin at 170 telephone offices (176 units) including Akasaka,
Tokyo and No 2 Sakata, Yamagata prefecture. By the end of fiscal 1981, elec-
tronic switchboards would constitute 15 percent of all terminals nationwide,
. step-by-step switchboards, 5 percent. These figures are exactly opposite of
those obtained in fiscal 1977. In addition, the Otemachi Office in Tokyo w3.11
_ install a digital electronic switchboard for the first ti.me.
23
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FurtheYmore, optical fiber system will finally be commercialized. Commercial-
ization will apply to 12 areas: Otemachiand Aoyama, Kyoto-Sanjo and Kanao,
Kanmoku and Kadoma, Kurashiki and Kurashiki-Mizushima, Nagasaki and Nagasaki-
Uragami and ~Iagayo, Sendai-Tameoka and Sendai-Aramaki, Tomakomai and Tomakomai-
Higashi. The construction expenses for fiscal 1981 is about 1.8 billion yen
(an increase ot 1.2 billion yen from last year). The cost of coaxial cable
for fiscal 1981 is about 70 billion yen.
_ Facsimile and Automobile Telephone, Also Popular
According to service schedule, the following phones, continuing from last year,
have shown steady growth: business phones, 700,000 units (650,000 units last
year); push-phones, 630,000 units (530,000 units); home telephones, 220,000 sets
(180,000 sets). Facsimile is also doing extremely well wit,h 14,700 terminals
(8,050 terminals in fiscal 1979, 11,800 terminals in fiscal 1980). Automobile
telephone shows steady increase: 2,000 terminals in the first year (fiscal 1979),
4,400 te~inals in fiscal 1980, 6,200 terminals in fiscal 1981. In fiscal 1981,
9.8 billion yen will be invested to expand services in Osaka and to start new
services in ilagoya.
R& D expenses will amount to 80.2 billion yen, if loss and gain account is
addea to research facility expenses. Distribution according to ma~or research
categories is as follows: 13.1 billion yen for data processing system, 7.9
billion yen for switchboard technology, 5.3 billion yen for signal transmitting
technology, 4.8 billion yen for optical cable system (partially overlapping with
transmitting technology), 7 billion�yen for LSI technology, 2.6 billion yen for
input-output equipment, 2.5 billion yen for image communications system, and
1 billion yen for mobile communications system.
- In the area of data processing system, the development is under way for model
series 5, 15, 25 and 35, which will replace 64K RAM adopted DIPS-11 model
series 10, 20, and 30. The central focus of resear~h in switchboard technology
is shifting from electronic switchboards of space allocation type to those with
time allocation type (digital).
Tn LSI technology, application to DIPS-11 of 64 k RAM and to other electronic
switchboard will be considered. There are other significant themes, such as
manufacturing technology of various types of small volume LSI and development
of high density LSI. In the area of optical fiber application, a medium capa-
city system (32 M bit/second and 100 M bit/second) between [telephone] offices
will be put into practical use. The focal points of future research include a
long-distance (2,500 km) system using long wave-long bands (1.5-1.6 um band),
a large capacity (400 M bit/second) system, and application of the same to the
subscribers.
COPYRIGHT: Nikkei-McGraw Hill, Inc. 1981
9710
CSO: 8129/1228
25
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BIG CORPORATIONS STRESS TECHNOLOGICAL II~PORTS TO BOOST PROFITS
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 961, 30 Jun 81 p 3
[Text) Major Japanese corporations
are attempting to develop new Income trom Technology Sale
technolog:QS and earn good During Fiscal t98o
profits by exporting technologi- c~~m~u~o~o~v~+~
- C8~ knOW-~]OW t0 EOP81gA COUI1- Rank Company i~come Balance
FY1980 FV1975 ~n FY1990
trICS. 1 MihubiShl H.I. 1A,700 10.r00 y 1.700
Nihon Keizai Shimbun re- z r,ippo~ sr~~ ~~,eoo ~,~oo +~o,~oo
cently conducted a survey on a?+~rs~n~ sae ~~,~.e ~,es. + v,~o
4 Nippon Koel 11,~41 n.a. n.a.
the income and expenditures S~,,,, ~.9r ~.~v~ +.iz
for technologies of major 6 H+re~h~,~~a ~,aoo ~.eoo -z.~w
Ja anese corporations listed in 1 Mitsui Petrochem. a.aso e~o +~,eao
p 8 Mitsui Toatsu ].852 2.M3 + 7,256
the stock exchanges in Tokyo, 9 Asani Chemical ~.soo * z�soo
Osaka and Nagoya. ~o onea s.9.e i.es~ + esv
11 Toray Indusiries 2,903 1.197 + 1,874
The following are the top 50 11 Asahf Glass 2.aoo .oo - ioo
companies making profits from 12 SanyoElectric . � � � � . � � � � ~.s~ - ~ - ~
technolo 'cal ex rts and the ToyamaChemical 4,m ~a + s.s~o
g1 p0 15 Sumitomo�Metal Ind..... 4,271 2B + 1,85~
technological sales and the 16 Niipata Enpineerinq Z,seo esi + i,~ee
the number of atent ri t3 17 Tei~in 4,zoo ~.a. +~.~w
p ~ 17 Nippon Kokan........... 7.200 1.000 ~
OW(1~. 19 NiPPon Zeon 1,930 1.646 + 1,926
The findings of the SUTVey 20 5um~tomoChem~ca~..... ~,9oe 9~e + ees
show that most of the high Fui~s~wa Pharm. Lm ~si -~,196
22 Kawaxki Steel 1,757 81 + 810
ranking compar~ies are those in YJ Kobe Sfeel l,~oo s~o - s.ooo
the fields of shi uildin and 24 Ube Indusiries 1,~ae ~z +.oe
Pb ~ B ss Nec i,soo ~s9 -~,soo
steel industries and in chemi- . ~d ca~+w~ ~.3n sie +~,osi
cals and synthetic fibers. ~7 Yamaha Motor 1.711 ~.a. n.a.
49 unitika t.063 607 + 999
Companies in electrical ma- p Mor,aa nnofo~ ~,ose ~.a. + vae
chinery and appliances also w N~ao�+Pa~~r............ ~.o~o eo~ ; 3sv
marked hi h increases in rof- "'~c ~.a.
g P ~ Yamaiak~ 8akery....... 989 SJ6 + 987
its from technological sales ]3 Sharp 9~~ ~ez ~�a�
' in the last five ears des ~te 7r Kaiima 97S ise + eie
Y P 1s Niavo~ Su~san ees eei + ees
g~owing expenditures in some ]6 Mttsublshi Gaf Cham. 837 .30 +~so
- new technologies. ~ Tokvo sa~vo . . . . . e~o ~ + sn
~9 TDK Electronics 775 1B6 + 101
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, p N~sstii~ sr..i n3 n~
Ltd., the top ranking compan3+ 10 Mitsubis~l Chem. 758 i,~
in sellin technolo ies, in- ~1 Mifsubishi M~tals 7ar .oi +~s~
B B 14 Su;uki Motor............ 695 ~74 + 299
creased its pmfits by more ~7 Nfppon Li9hf Metal 673 a~e
than 60 r cent in the last five u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ � ~ � ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ � � � ~ � ~ ~ ~�a. + sn
~ ~S Bridqesto~e Tire 60U 300 - 200
years - partieulazly in terms rt Sumifomo Elcc. 598 uv -~ae
of consultdtion fees for plant ~7 Maru2enOil 574 ~e.
r8 Yoko~ama Rubber 570 710 - 80
canstruction in foreign coun- a9 Jepan Svntnetic
- tries. As a resulk the company's R~o~ sa~ zro + so~
SO Fufi Photo Film S61 4q - 861
Note: Piual 1979 fi9ures for Nippon Steel. ,
26
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balance of income and expendi- their international
tures of technology trade re- competitiveness on
versed from a~ 200 million the strength of their
deficit in fisca11975 to a~1,700 high technological
, million surplus. level.
Hitachi Shipbuilding & En-
gineering Co., Ltd., ranked "We keep receiv-
third on the li:.t, also tripled its ~ng requests from
income as the company earned Western industrial
most of its income from con- countries for tectr
suitation fees for overseas nological ti~ups for
plant constructions. continuous casting,"
Masao Kinoshita. president said Takeo ~Sakai,
of Hitachi S&E, said, "We have vice president of
made good profits because we Sumitomo.
managed to restructure our In the fields of
business operations by expand- electrical machinery
ing the softwaze section." and appliances, Sony
Five major steelmakers are Corporation piaced
piacedamong the top fifth in the ranking
23 ranking com- because it has offer-
panies in the list, in- ed so much tech-
cluding Nippon Steel nological assistance
Corporation, the 2nd in video equipment to
ranking in the list, its related com-
and Sumitomo Metal panies: Its balance of
Industries, Ltd., the accounts in the in-
i5th. Despite soaring come and expendi-
costs for resources tures on technology
and energy, these is rather close, how-
companies elevated ever. -
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120/272
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
'CAPTAIN' COMPUTER ACCESS SYSTEM TE~T RESULTS PUBLISHED '
Tokyo ASAF~: EVENING NEWS in English 21 Apr 81 p 3
[Text ] The first-stage test~ of the ~ che TV receiving set. ~ monitors ~and screens ~fo Z,OCO
"CAPTAIN System," a new During the first-stage test a~ 200,000 respe.Na~tiy, or
informadon mediu~n wluch service period, the system was� double those used in the first-
subscribers may use to request ased aa average of 0.72 time stage test
informatioa from a computer per telephone per day, or twice ~ If the results of the second-
over the telephone and re- in three days. The average stage test aze satisfacWry, full-
ceive the answer on their tele- time used per phone call was dress service� will begin ut fia-
vision screen, ended in March, 13 mia~tes and 41 seconds. cal 1983.
and the Poats aad Telecom- The average number of fram- To the question "Will you
municatioas Minisiry and oth- es used per call was 38. subscribe to the system if futi-
er authorities ihat conducted As to which categories of fledged serv'vice begins?" aslced
the test recendy released~ a n- information' were used the during the first stage test pe-�
port oa the sy~cem. most, information , on eventg, riod, more thaa half of the
- CAP'TAIN stands for Char- including movies, hobbies, 'respondenta nplied in the af-
acter and � Pattera Telephoae, quiues and games were over- ~+~4ve. It ~s particularly
Access Information Network. whelmingly popular with 46: nateworthq that 75 peecent of
~.inking 976 telephones in Ta 83 perce~, followed by news those who made active nse of
kyo,. the fust-stage test was and weather forecasts with ~ ~e tesi service answerod in
- conducted from Dec. 25, , 10.55 percent, educatioa with the affumative.
1979; to March 15 this year. 10.36 percent and sports with To the query "What is aa
Infornoation contained in the 9.83 percent. Fields that were adequate fee for the serr+ice?"
computer includes about 100,- : used tbe least were health, many replied "About ~f3,000~a
000 "frames," including those . beauty culture, childbirth and month.'.' 'Twenty percent of the
for n~ws, weather forecasts, child rearing with Q.68 per- respondents said they were
quizzes and travel informa- cent, followed by ec~nomic willing to pay more than ~t3,-
- tion. � ' and legal questions with 0.60 ~ a mo~th. ,
'Those making use of the perceat. Tl~e new information medi-
system, or monitors, aze lim- . Household heads used the ~ obviousty is enjoying high
ited to those living ia areas gystem the most at 45 per- P~P?~~Y�
under t6e jurisdidioa of a cent, followod by' children, 30
telephone exchaage equcpped perce~t and housewives, 18
with electronic t e 1 e p h o n e ~~e~,
switctrboards and whose phoue Users apparently made use
is of the pushphone type. of the syatem weth clear-cut
The telephone liae aad the abj~~~~, Most househotd
TV recaiving set at home are b~ ~id that theg uaed tllte
linked by means of an adapter. gys~~ obtain knowledge;
To use the system, one calls t6e housewives said they used
the CAPTAIj~1. Ceater w.ith the it "to obtaia information nee-
pushphone. After seuing his ~~y for our a~ivities" and
T'V s~t for reception on aa ~e children answered "for
open chaanel, he . designates u~dy. aad amusaaenL"
what he wants to know by ~oad-stage test seY-
pushing designated numbers on vice is scheduled W get uader
the keypad. Then, characters way in Auguat this year. wiih
or patterns are seat v'ra the tela aa . incresae in .the . aumber qf
phona line and screeaed .on .
COPYRIGHT: Asahi Evening News 1981
CSO: 4120/240
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CAPTAIN TELEPHONE ACCESS INFORMATION SYSTEM DESCRIBED
Tokyo KAGAKU GIJITSU BUNKEN SABISU in Japanese No 56, Apr 81 pp 8-11
[Article on the CAPTAIN--Character and Pattern Telephone Access Information
Network--system, an information medium in Tokyo by which subscribers may request
information on the telephone and receive the answer on their television screen]
[TextJ CAPTAIN System Outline
CAPTAIN is the Japanese version of PRESTEL. On 2 February 1979, the CAPTAIN
System Development Research Institute was established. In December 1979,
experimental services started to ordinary homes selected as monitors within
metropolitan Tokyo.
The system structure is shown in Figure 1. In principle, it is identical to
PRESTEL, but due to the special need to use Chinese characters, which calls for
many kinds of ideograms in intricate shapes, a pattern transmission system that
sends screened information from the center was adopted, in place of a character
code transmission system, by housing a character and pattern emitter in the terminal
equipment. This method is excellent in pattern expression but slow in pattern
transmission, requiring as long as 10-20 seconds/transmission/page. Recently,
however, with the progress of the LSI character emitter, an inexpensive ROM has
beeu made availaule at retail, and the next is4ue AL hand i~ Faster transmission
by means of the code transmission system.
- The Information Center in the diagram utilizes the DEMOS-E of the Tokyo Central
Data Telecommunications Bureau, and the Picture Conversion Center is set up in
the Cinza Telephone Exchange. The information capacity of the center is
equivalent to 100,0u0 pages of information, and 1,000 units of experimental
terminals are on line, of which 800 are set up in monitor homes in the Setagaya
and Suginami areas. The terminal equipment is divided into users' terminals and
information inpuc terminals. The former comes in two types, an adopter type and
an integrated type. The input terminal also comes in two types, Type A and
Type B. Type A feeds characters and simple patterns by means of a pentouch system
Chinese character keyboard, and Type B includes the additional function of
automatically converting spontaneous patterns to information for a read-in file
memory.
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Character display/page is approximately 180 characters (8 lines), including
Chinese characters and the Japanese alphabet. This is quite a handicap due to
the Chinese character display, compared to the maximum 960 letters in PRESTII..
The kinds of characters include the primary standard Chinese characters (2,965
characters) specified in JIS C6226 "Chinese Characters and Codes for Information
, Exchange," and symbols for alphabet, numerals and Japanese characters. Pattern
display can be accomplished by a mosaic system whereby approximately 180 different
pattern elements are combined and by a dot system whereby spontaneous patterns
are expressed by duts (width 240 x length 192/page). The color display uses eight
colors--red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyanogen, white and black. The picture
display is divided into fixed display and scroll display (picture moves from
botton to top continuously for several pages in this system). The specifications
for the integrated user's terminal are indicated in Table l.
The keys in the user's terminal are virtually the same as those of PRESTEL. They
consist of a total of 12 selective keys, including 10 number keys plus and
various control keys. The operational procedure for scanning information is also
almost the same. A direct access system which designates page numbers and a
guidance access system which resorts to the page of the table of contents, are
available.
System Operation
CAPTAIN entered the experimental service stage in December 1979 for system
evaluation and market trial. The biggest issue is the assessment of the user's
responses, as in the case with PRESTEL. For this purpose, 1,000 terminals were
prepared and posted on the following basis:
For diplay (general public) 25 units
For general users (ordinary homes) 800 units
For inforriation suppliers 150 units
For system-related use 25 units
Of these, terminals for display were set up in major hotels and service centers
of Nippon ~elegraph and Telephone Public Corporation in metropo].itan Tokyo.
The terminals for ordinary homes were set up on the following basis in
consideration of categorical classifications such as life stage, housing mode and
vocations:
Newlyweds 30 units
Family with preschool children 100 units
Family with school children 300 units
Family with postschool children 150 units
F~mily with independent children 50 units
Ol.cler Couples 30 units
Concerning the information suppliers, exploitation and systematization of
suppliers are promoted. An "Information Material Supplier's Association" was
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organized which set up five committees. Table 2 indica~es the contents of the
information that each committee deals with.
The "CAPTAIN Information Guide" is a directory published by the CAPTAIN System
Development Research Institute which serves as an index for information and its
suppliers. According to this book, there are 132 information suppliers, and
the following is the breakdown:
Newspapers and communications 21 companies
Broadcasting 7
Publishing 23
Banks 4
Department stores 19
Public relations 17
Travel 11
Transportation . 4
Movies and plays 2
Investigation and information
service 8
Public offices and others 16
The information provided is roughly classified into the following fields and
attached with page numbers:
News and weather forecasts 005
Public information and announcements O10
Health, beauty, childbirth, child rearing C15
Shopping and leasing 020
Cooking and taste 030
Dwellings 035
Economics and law for living 040
Helpful knowledge for living 045
Education, learning and refining 050
Sports 060
Pleasure and hobbies 065
Travel and sightseeing 075
Specialized information 085
Information in English 090
Weekly information salon 097
Street corner, townguide 098
Specialized information (085) consists of employm2zt information, economic
- information and technical information. The technical information contains:
Electronics technology flash report,highlights
Mechan.~.cal technology highlights
Introduction of new medical equipment and devices
Construction technology highlights (all the above by Nikkei McGraw-Hi11)
New technology commentary (Japan System Development Institute)
Trends of recent new products (Nikkan Kogyo Shimbunsha)
Lecture, seminar, symposium guide (Nikkan Kogyo Shimbunsha)
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Science society guide (Nikkei McGraw-Hill)
Medical Information (Nikkei McGraw-Hill)
- The information in stock comes to 85,000 pages' worth and the service time is
allocated as follows: ,
Service time 10:00-22:00
Information input time 8:00-22:00 (New information can be fed
anytime during this period)
_ Operational expenses are taken care of by a subsidy from the Ministry of Posts
and Telecommunications and cooperative funding from information suppliers,
which makes it possible to offer the service free of charge to the users.
The CAPTAIN System Development Research Institute ma.de public the results of the
questionnaire survey given to the monitors in October 1980, and the essence of
the survey results will be shown in the following. This is a compilation of the
replies from 429 ordinary homes and 176 business offices.
Ordinary homes
Frequency of use once/week 32.6%
' 2-3 times/week 21.9%
under once/week 38.9~
Time used 0-10 min/call 21.8%
= 16-20 min/call 21.4%
Categories used weather forecasts 33.3%
pleasure guide 30.3%
shopping guide 29.1%
cooking 26.1%
fortune telling and quizzes 26.1%
- Service fee 2,000-3,000 yen/month 29.9~
(including adopter fee and
telephone fee) 1,000-2,000 yen/month 23.7%
Cost of a complete set of
additional equiprnent below 50,000 yer~ over 70%
Information category reservation status 54.9%
(Full-dress service) pleasure guide 54.5%
weather foxecast 51.8%
shopping guide 49.6%
book guide 47.3%
Business offices (only those with different interest from homes)
T~me used under S min/call 17.4%
6-10 min/call 38.8%
. Categories used weather forecasts, news,
reservation status, events
- Service fee 6,000-10,000/ca11 29.9%
- under S,C100/call 34.0%
32
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Potential use probably usable 55.1%
(complete and total service) probably unusable 13.1%
Information categories new products and market information by
industry
(complete and total service) survey of public opinion, survey of
consumer trends, employment and real
estate fnformation.
Items requested
1. A function to notify of telephone calls that come in while using the service.
2. A function to make seat, hotel and ticket reservations.
After the completion of the survey conducted in FY 80, an experimental service
of CAPTAIN is scheduled to be iurther expanded in scale to prepare for the
commencement of full fledged service starting in FY 83. In 1981, with a combined
total of approximately 500 million yen--57 million yen from the subsidy and the
rest from the ~ooperative funding--an experiment almost equal to the actual menu
will be conducted, covering an extended service area over all Tokyo metropolitan
wards, increasing the terminal units to 2,000 and providing in-stock information
covering 200,000 pages. Also, displ.ay terminals will be set up in major cities
throughout Japan in order to elicit extensive local response.
Consulting the ite~ms requested in the questionnaire, "Limited Member Information
Service" (Closed User Groups in PRESTEL: called CUG) and "Order Collection
Service" were added to the functions. The farmer is a speci~l information service
given to limited members oriented to business use, and the latter is a function
which can be utilized for catalog sales and questionnaire surveys.
Figure 1. CAPTAIN System Structure
1. information input terminal 2. display part
3. manipulation part 4. printer part
_ S. control device 6. information center
7. picture conversion center 8. processing device
9. picture information file 10. picture conversion device
11. line correspond device 12. control 3evice
13. picture file 14. user's terminal (adopter type)
15. telephone network 16. exchanger
17. exchanger 18. line correspond device
19. TV receiver set 20. adopter
21, key pad 22. telephone
23. exchanger 24. (integrated type)
25. keypad 26. telephone
27. display part 28. manipulation part
29. direct base read-in part 30. control device
33
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Table 1. Integrated Type User's Terminal Specifications
Item Standards
- Signal
system communication system full du~,lex
communication speed forward direction: 3,000 bit/sec
2,400 bit/sec (switchable)
. reverse direction: 75 bit/sec
synchronous system synchronous frame
error control system correction of 1 biC error and detection of 2
bit error by humming check
band compression unidimensional run-length coding
Control control system program logic system by microprocessor
- memory EPROM 3K byte (program)
Display display screen Model 14 color CRT
number of characters standard characters: max 120 letters
for display (15 letters x 8 lines)
small characters: max 480 letters
(30 letters x 16 lines)
display color 8 colors (colored by sub-block unit)
Screen background color, header background
color and flushing color can be iniiependently
designated.
display function fixed display: progressive system
sequential system
scroll display: vertical system
- picture memory dynamic RAM 64K bit: pattern information
static RAM 4K bit: color information
Input key 0-9, control keys (7)
TabZe 2. Details of Service Information
Living in general living guide living practical knowledge, cooking,
home medicine, health, child-rearing
shopping and comm~dity various shopping and commodity guides
guide
Education & learning programs for learning, various
learning school guides, status of admission
to higher grade schools
3~.
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refinement encyclopedia, new book guide, literature
Pleasure travel, ~ravel, sightseeing, hotels, inns and transporta-
sightseeing tion guide
events radio, TV, movies, concerts and art exhibits
sports, hobbies leisure, sports, gambling and other sports
information, hobbies (do-it-yourself, etc)
Public in administration, public notification, various administrative
General iaw procedures, legal consultation
society, economics statistics, employment, vocational training,
financial consultation ~
News news in general news, weather forecasts, etc
specialized infor- market quotation, industry and business
mation information
information in news in English, guide in English, English
English education and learning, etc.
8940
CSO: 4105/174
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MITI TO SET OWN BIOTECF~VOLOGY GUIDELINE ,
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 961, 30 Jun 81 p 16
[Text] The Ministry of International of a safety pollution control and
Trade & Industry has decided other rules on bioengineering
to set its own guideline for all mass production lines of the
industrial biotechnological ven- chemical, fermentation, food-
tures, including genetical en- stuff and pharmaceutical in-
gineering. dustries. Even experimental
This is to ensure safety to plants intended for develop~
public health as well as to pre- ment of mass production lines
vent their undesirable develo~ are to be controlled.
ments at the factory level. MTTI is regarded to have
- The Ministry will shortly or- been prompted to form its own
ganize a special consultative guidelineas:
biotechnology problem study ~e Science & Technology
group from among business- pgency, the Ministry of Health
men, scholars as well as its ex- ~d Welfare, in charge of phar-
' pert officials to produce such a maceuticals and foodstuffs, and
guideline as quickly as possi- the Ministry of Agriculture,
ble. There is as yet no ind~s- Forestry & Fisheries, in charge
trial factory-level official con- of farming, have started their
trolling guideline of the kind in r~p~tive internal studies to
Japan, although there is a set set such guidelines at their own
of basic governmental guid~ ~~tiative.
lines on recombination of ~e industrial community,
genes. Introduced in Septem- ~~resented by the Committee
ber, 1979, part of these guide- oR ~fe Science of the Federa-
lines had been set by the Minis- ~on of Economic Organflzations
try of Education to cover all ~Keidanren), has started draft-
remainder rby hehCouncld{I for ~e industry's own code of ~
Science & Technology (based in behaviors on bicengineering
the Agency of Science ~ Tech- ventures.
nology) for all industrial re- 'I'here have been some criti-
s~r~~ cism of MITI's lack of such a
Considering the - surprising 8~deline already.
speed of development of bio- But there was also a guess
technology or bicengineering, that MITI has its own bureau
MiTI thinks it better to control cratic wish to capt~e the inita-
all such industrial ventures by tive in controlling industrial
- an easily changeable policy bioen~neering ventw~es, and
guideline than by any timecon- fear that its move may further
suming legislation, after the complicate the already diver-
fashion of the American guide- sifying governmental biotech-
line under the control of the nological control s}+stem to re-
. National Institute of Health. quire some adjustments of
MTTI now visualizes setting jurisdictions.
COP'YRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
cso: 4120/272 36 .
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~ .
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ~
NATION TO BECOME WORLD'S TOP BASE FOR 64K DYNAMIC RAM PRODUCTION
Tokyo JAP1jN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 961, 30 Jun 81 p 8
- [Text]
Japan's semiconductor in- duction of 64K dynamic computers. Fujitsu has in-
dustry will soon enter the so- R~?1VIs in and after this sum- stalled 64Ks even in the
called "VLSI tvery large- mer. Texas Instruments Fujitsu Micro 8 personal
scale integrated circuits) Inc., the world's largest cemputer to be introduced in
era" ahead of its American semiconductor maker, plans summer
counterpart. to make its whoily owned Fujitsu plans to iwost the
Before the year is out, Ja- Japanese subsidiary a base 64K production capacity at
pan will emerge as the to mass produce the highly
~ world's largest~base for pra integrated memory chips.
duction of 64-kilobit dynamic These Japanese semicon- :~'ionthty Production
random access memory ductor makers perfected Capacity of saK
(RAM) chips. The 64K dy- their mass-production tech- Dynamic RA~is
- namic RAM, a highly~ffi- niques by last aut~unn and c~~i,oao~n~~~
cient IC memory to be in- earlier announced their Presenf ~ndhalf
stalled in computers as plans to commercialize Of FY19B1
main stora e, is the "first them. The have been close- "EC . . . . . .
g y Hifachi 200 700
generation" of VLSIs. ly watching the semiconduc� Tosniba 70 aoo
At the end of the current tor market to deterr:zine the F~i~r,~ 3o eoo
Mif5ubi5hi 30-SO 200
fiscal 1981, seven Japanese timingofmass-production. ok~ :o aoo
companies will be manufac- The lowering of market T~ Japan..... . 20 ~oo
turing a total of 2.5 million quotations for o4K dynamic NOte: Partly estimated.
chips of 64K dynamic RAMs R~~Is to around ~ 2.000 per
monthly, about three times chip recently from ~ 20,000
the present 700,000-800,000 last autumn has prompted the Aizu Works to 600,000
chips. T'he monthly produc- them to give the "go" chips in the second half
~ tion volume compares with signaL ~October, 1981-Ntarch, 1982~
the merely 440,000 chips for Fuj:tsu, which is the na- of the current fiscal year.
- the world's 64K dynamic tion's largest computer Following Fujitsu. 1~Iitsu-
RP,M shipments ~excluding builder, is the forerunner in bishi and Oki are going to
in-house use) in the entire 64K. productior~. Recently, it start mass-producing 64Ks
1980. ~ raised 64K device produc� ~n July and August, respec-
Nippon Electric Co. tion capacity at its Aizu tively. ~Iitsubishi will pro-
i NEC), Hitachi, Ltd., Works in Fukushima Pref. duce 200,000 chips monthl~
Toshiba Corp., Fujitsu to 300,000 chips monthly at its Kumamoto No. 2
Limited. Mitsubishi Electric from 150,000 chips, said ~'orks in Nishigoshi, Kuma-
- Cor . and Old Electric In- moto Pref. At present,
p President Taiyu Kobayashi. Mitsubishi roduces 30,OW-
dustry Co.. Japan's six larg- it will replace 16Ks and P
est semiconductor manufac- other memory chips with ~0,000 chips of 6~K devices
turers, will begin mass-pra- 64IGs for memory ~torage of at its Kita-Itami Works in
Hyogo Pref.
37
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Oki, which now produces half as it has completed in-
merely 20,000 chips monthly stallation of 64K production
at its Hachioji Works in facilities at its Oita Works
Tokyo, will start producing in Oita Pref. While it now
's00,OC~4 chips at Miyazaki produces about 7,000 chips
Oki Electric Co., a subsidi- at its transistor plant in
ary in Kiyotake, Miyaza~ci Kawasaki, Toshiba will be
Pref. producing 300,000 chips
NEC, the largest semicon- monthly at. the Oita Works
- ductor maker, and Hitachi, in the second half.
the second, plan to triple Texas Instruments, the
output of 64Ks in the second sole foreign-affiliated com-
half of fiscal 1981. iVE~ wi11 pany having production
be producing 300,000 chips in plant in Japan, has com-
the secor~d half at Kyushu pleted a 64K production
vippon Electric Co., a sub- plant in Miho, Ibaraki Pref.
sidiary in Kumamoto Pref., Possibility is strong that the
compared to the present Miho Warks will be TI's 64~t
100,000 chips. As the com- mass-production base. TI
pany is the largest producer will export a part of ttte
of 16Ks, vEC finds it dif- products to the U.S. The
ficult to produce more than Miho Works has. capacity to
- 300,000 chips in the second produce 100,000 chips
half. monthly. At p~esent, Texas
Hitachi, aiming at taking Instruments Japan Ltd. pra
the top po~ition in 64Ks, duces 3,000 chips of 64Ks at
plans to raise the monthly its Hatogaya Works in Sai-
capacity at its Musashi tama Pfef.
Wor4cs in Kodaira, Tokyo to With the lowering of 64K
700,000 chips in the second prices, more computer
half from the present 200,000 builders will apply them to
chips. Rivalry between their products. The Nippon
Hitachi anc~ Fujitsu thus is Telegraph & Telephone Pub-
expect~d in the second half. lic Corp. ( NT i) recently
As Hitachi plans to start bared a plan to incorporate
producing ''~4Ks at its Kofu 64Ks in its DIPSll Series
Works next year, Hitachi data communications pro-
will be the leader of 64Ks in � cessing computers and digi-
and after next }rear. Indus- ta! data exchange cDDX)
trymen estimate that equipment. Also, s~ch per-
Hitachi will be producing 1 sonal computer makers as
million ehips monthly nsxt Apple Computer Inc. and
Yeaz, Commodore Business Ma-
Toshib~, which made a chines Inc. are strongly in-
belated start in 64K produc- terested in 64Ks. Mainframe
tion, will joi~ the mass-pro- computers to be announced
duction race in the second later will be fully incorpo-
- rated ~}~ith 64Ks.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Kaizai Shimbun, Inc. '
- CSO: 4120/272
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
.
~ .
MITI DRAFTING OVERALL RELIEF MEASURES FOR ALUMINUM SM~LTING
~ Tol:yo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 961, 30 Jun~81 p 6
~Text~ The Ministry of International ingok imports.
Trade & Industry is working MTfI also intend to guide
out overall relief ineasures for aluminum rolling companies to
. t h e h e a v i 1 y� d e p r e s s e d buy as much domesticaIly-pro-
aluminum smelting industry. duced aluminum ingots as pos-
MI'~I plans hastily to im- sible by using funds saved by
plement such measures, pend- its sharp tariff cut.
ing a recommendation on the As these measures may lead
industry's reconstruction due to to a decrease in tariff income,
be announced in August by the MITI is consulting with the
Aluminium Industry Com- Ministry of Finance on this as-
mittee of the Industrial� pect.
Structure Council, advisory or- Japanese aluminum smelters
gan to the MITI minister. ~ have lost international com-
MTTI's relief mcasures will petitiveness since their
- I center on introductioa of a ricsnesGc electricity rates were
; tariff quota system on imports raised sharply after the first oil
of aluminum ingots, which is crisis.
~i expected to help reduce costs A MITI survey shows that
for aluminum ingot imports Japan's aluminum ingot prices
and eventually strengthen average ~450,000-500,000 per
domestic aluminum smelters' ton, compared to ~ 370,000
international competitiveness. C.I.F. for ingots imported from
More concretely, MITI plans the U.S. and Canada.
to lower the tariff on imports of Japan's aluminum ingot im-
aluminum ingots, now 9 per ports in 1980 rose by 150,000
cent, to zero to help aluminum tons from the year before to
smelters here reduce costs for around 840,000 tons. Despite
import of aluminum ingots drastic production curtail-
manufactured abroad on a joint ments, aluminum smelters here
vent~e basis. Such "develop- have held swelling inventories. ~
import" aluminum ingots aa Cumulative def'icits of the six
count for about 260,000 tons, or major smelters here now total
one-third of total aluminum about ~ 31 billion.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120/272
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SCIENCE AND TECI~IOLOGY
COMPANY OWNERSHIP OF PATENT RIGHTS INCREASED 35 PERCENT IN FY 1980
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 961, 30 Jun 81 p 3
[ Text ] The tendency among Japa-
nese corporations to develop Patent Rights Owned
new technol~ ies is reflected in fln casesl
~ Rank FY1080 FY1975
the increasing number of 1 Hitachi 39.n< ~s..9~
patent cights owned by invidual ~ Mafsushita Etec. Ind. . 33.aii zo,eiv
3 Toshiba Y3,B16 40.754 .
COII]p317125. � ~ MNSUbishi Elec. 1a,097 10,306
T}12 ~Ota~ number of patent 5 SumitomoChemical 1t,7~2 10.068
ri ts owned b 566 com ies 6 Sanyo Elec......... 11,o~v e,oi3
~ Y Pan ~ re~itn v,seo n.a.
surveyed amounted to 392,000 8 NEC 9,aoo ~.eoo
in fiscal 1980, up 35 per cent 10 Nissan(MOforevy Ind: 3:~~
from fiscal 1975. And the num~ it Taray 6.Z69 ~,:~8
ber of patent applications ~Z Honda Molor 6,as, i,~~
13 NippOn Sfeel..... 6,000 5,200
in the same year (out of 560 ,4 ,,;ra~n; sbe s,~so ~,93Y
companies) w8s 157,000, up 56 ts a,san~ Cnemicai....... s,~oo .+,ooo
16 FuiiPnotoFilm 5,200 ].80~
_ ~f Cellr. 17 TekedA Ch~mitel Ind. d,810 d,565
According to the survey, 18 Fujihu e,,e. s.ea+
Hitachi, Ltd. ranked the ~9 Furukewa Elec. a,~ue s,T18
- highest in the number of patent ~ Rico~ d.oae s.s�s
rights owned - 39,734
- following by Matsu- Patents Owned and ~pplied by Major
shita Electric Indus- Companies Listed on Slock Exchanges
triai Co., Toshiba � t~n cases~
Corp. and Mitsubishi Fvi9eo FY1975
EIeCtTiC COC . Parentsownea � � . � awt�926 190,707
p (Of wnich,established abroatll (107,7061 (7~~a511
Matsushita, whose Pefant applicatio~a 157,879 100.A26
tent Cl }ltS IpCrP.aS- ~O1whiCh,appliedab~0atl) (19~1~) ~~~~5�>
~ g Covera0e: 566 Iirms lor patentt owned anC 560
ed by 12,592 in the last firms for applicatio~s.
five years, has been
- working at patents particularly medicines started producing
. in the field of electronics ancl results~. �
office automation, shifting from Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., lOth
- the #~ome appliances. in the ranking, applied for
Sumitomq Chemical Co., Ltd. many patent rights in chassis
moved up to fifth rank as the � and electronics after the com-
company's research invest- pany introduced the front-
ment in fine chemicals such as wheel drive system for making
' agricultural chemicals and small cars.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120/272
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MITI POLICY FOR IC DEVELOPMENT OUTLINED
IC Patent Policy
Tokyo NIHON KEIZAI SHIMBUN in Japanese 2 Jun 81 p 1
[Text] As a means to encourage development, MITI has decided to adopt the policy
of giving firms participating in the new model semi-conductor development project,
which is to be laLnched as part of the system to develop technology for the next
generatioxi industrial base, the right to preferential use of patents dev~loped by
the pro~ ect. This is to match the U.S. effort to tackle in earnest new model semi-
conductor development through joint government-priti~ate sector pro~ects. Even
though Japan is advanced in the production and technology of semi-conductors, it
was decided that Japan would fall behind the U.S. in the area of semi-conductor
technology with its existing system of development. In addition to the preferen-
- tial measure on patents for participating firms, MITI is considering introducing
the U.S. method of co~etition in which participating firms not producing results
would be selected out and dropped from the pro3ect.
The new model semi.-conductor development project, which MITI has taken the lead in
pro~oting, includes the development of high performance semi-conductors, such ~as
three dimensional circuit elements, based on the "next generation technology
development system" set up to achieve the most advanced basic technology. It also
includes the establishment of a joint government-private sector research center to
develop optical IC's, of which much is expected in the indu5trial robot, automo-
biLe, and computer areas.
Three dimensional chips are semi-conductors in which several million individual
- transistors are packed into the seven cubic milimeter square of semi-conductor
material. It is said that these will allaw an existing medium-size computer to be
miniaturized to such an extent that it will fit in the palm of a hand. This
development project will last for 7 years, beginning with this fiscal year; de-
velopment will be carried out by enlisting participating firms and ~~y dividing the
subsidy among them, entrusting the research to these firms.
However, research and development funds included in the budget by MITI for this
fiscal year--and these funds are earmarked for all semi-conductors including the
optical IC project--total no more than around 1.5 billion yen. Furthermore, the
arrangement calls for any patents developed by firms participating in this kind of
project to be the property of the state, and semi-conductor manufacturers such as
Hitachi, Ltd are strongly urging MITI to make some improvement in the handling of
patents.
41
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For this reason, MITI has made a fundamental reevaluation of the development
system for new model semi-conductors, and although the principle that patents
resulting from government research and development funds are property of the state
did not cha,~ge, MITI did decide to grant firms involved in development rights to
preferen:ial use in order to sCimulate interest in research and development.
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha 1981
IC Design Center Policy
Tokyo NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 17 Jun 81 p 1
[Text] MITI is proceeding with a study of creating in fiscal year 1982 an "IC
Design Center" (its provisional name) which would engage in the design of IC'~ to
meet the needs. The major task of this center would be to meet the broad needs
for custom IC's (IC's specially made for individua.l customers) among mediimm and
smaller enterprises, which have a growing need for IC's but are not being met by
the existing mass-produced IC's. More broadly, the center would serve also as a
consulting agency for IC technology in general. So far, MITI ha.s been considering
having the actual development of this center be made part of the work of the Small
and Medium Enterprises Trade Association. However, custom IC users are calling
loudly for not only the design and testing, but the production of IC's on a
limited scale as well; it is possible that this plan will mean a center performing
everything from design to production.
Japan's semi-conductor/IC industry has come to rank with that of the U.S. as the
standard for the world, and this is shown by the fact that U.S.-dapanese competi-
tion to develop very large-scale integration (LSI) has become an incessant topic
of discussion. Because of this advanced technology, a wide variety of industrial
sectors, such as the electrical and electronics industries, of course, as well as
machines and automobiles, have been caught up in and engulfed by the tidal wave of
IC utilization.
While there has been on the supply side of development and production a prolifera-
tion of ma.jor manufacturers of large-scale production types of I.C's, they have not
been able to meet satisfactorily the need for a variety of multi-type, small-lot
production of custom IC's. Pushed by demands fcr large-volume production of IC's
to the extent that they have a serious shortage of capacity, the major manufactur-
ers cannot engage in multi-type, small-lot production of IC's.
These broad needs are developing in every sector, and deriving f rom a desire on
the part of companies to put unique IC's in their own equipment or machinery. Thus,
this gap between need and supply will be a problem of an IC-using society.
The concept of a design center has as its objective an attempt to deal with this
problem; therefore, it is aimed at meeting the needs of various sectors which,
while having such needs for custom IC's, do not have the design capabilities.
The idea is for this to function also as a consulting center which would meet
needs by improving on widely-used existing IC's, when the design of a custom IC
is uanecessary, by introducing users to IC manufacturers who could meet their
needs, and by introducing users to design manufacturers.
42
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While there are great expectations on tt~e part of users for the establishment of
such a neutral IC design agency, voices are also being raised calling for the
creation of an agency which would not be limited to design, but would include pro-
dtlction on a limited scale as well.
This is prompted by concerns that, following the design stage, there may not be
_ any manufacturer who, if approac"~d, would take on production because design rules
differ between companies and because most cases would involve a limited production
run.
Unlike the U.S., there are no design and manufacturing companies in Japan which
specialize in typical custom IC's; this fact has also been instrumental in
heightening such voices. However, the appearance of a custom IC design and manu-
facturing company controlled by MITI could lead to the new problem of competition
with private industry, and so the future unfolding of this idea is still a deli-
cate matter. Even NTT is considering the idea of setting up a new company to
serve as this kind of custom IC design agency. Therefore, efforts to respond to
the need for custom IC's are starting all at once to pick up.
COPYRIGHT: Nikkan Kogyo Shimbunsha 1981
9844
CSO: 4105/185
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS SAID TO BE GROWING 'OLD'
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 961, 30 Jun 81 pp 1, 19
[Text] Though private plant and 10 years increased by 0.52 yea~
equipment investment is con- to become 7.32 years in fiscal
tinuing to increase, super- 1980. Compared to about 1973,
annuation of Japan's production when facilities were the young-
facilities is progressing at an est,~this is an aging of neazly
increasingly steady pace. one year.
According to s~veys of pri- In particular, plants and
vate financia! organs, such as equipments in the manufactur-
- the Industrial Bank of Japan ing field in Fiscal 1980 became
- ~ IBJ the average age of pro- 1.29 years older than in 1970 and
duction facilities for all indus- 1.43 years older than in fiscal
tries in fiscal 1980 reached 7.32 ~ 1973. The reverse gap is at-
years, up 0.03 year from the tributable to the fact that the
preceding fiscal year. amount of capital expenditures'
The outlook is that the super- for~ four years after fiscal 1975
annuation in fiscal 1981 will re- marked a minus growth.
main about the same or slightly The superannuation is the
increase. most conspicuous for the basic
Aging of production equitr materials-related industries
ment particularly conspicuo~s with regard to manufacturing.
in industries related with basic For instance,~ principal plants
materials. The Long-Term of the petrochemical industry
Credit Bank of Japan figures are now over l0 years, and they
that an increase of slightly more are being operated after their
than 10 per cent, nominal, in "legal lifetime" cdepreciation
plant and eyuipment invest- years set by the tax law: mainly
ments every year is ~necessary 7-9~ years in the case of petro-
to prevent such aging. chemical facilities).
Capital expenditures began Indications are, moreover,
following a sluggish trend after that the petrochemical makers
the first oil crunch at the end will go slow in undertaking
1973. They began showing signs plant and equipment invQSt-
of recovery from fiscal 1978. ment in considering the fact
Recently, plant and equipment that . even if they renovated
investment steadily has in- their old plants, they will not be
creased, and the Nihon Keizai able. to compete with the coun-
Shimbun estimates the gain to terparts in the U.S. and Canada
be 8.7 per cent in fisca11981. which use cheap natural gas as
According to IBJ, the super� raw material. Cases of the age
annuation of production facili- of facilities used by the alumi-
ties for all industries in the past num, oil, paper-pulp and syn-
thetic ~ber industries going
beyond their "legal lifetime"
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also are conspicuous, penditures were made in fiscal
lfiere are many instances 1980.
generally of industries advanc- The Industrial Bank of Japan
ing their dates for renovation of estimates that capital outlays
old facilities. IBJ says, "The need to grow by over 10 per
average renovation time has cent yearly in order to forestall
been extended_ to around 12 attrition of facilities. Renova-
years from about i0 years in tion spendings alone need to in-
the past." crease 7-8 per cent yearly, ~t
At the same time, many, says.
such as the government's Eco- The age of the America's
nomic Planning Agency, feel manufacturing facilities lately
that investments for expansion has been maintaining the line
of production capacities are of nearly 10 years, and that for
going to continue sluggish amid Japan gradually is approaching
slow demand, this. While there are such
Owing to such a situation, the aspect as that of steel, in which
Long-Term Credit Bank of Ja- the degree of newness of the
pan feels that the age of facili- Japanese steel industry de~-
ties, even from now on, is going nitely will be superior to that of
to advance at the rate of 0.1 per the U.S. for the next 10 years.
cent every year. there is fear that the superior- '
However, the agin~ in fiscal ity of Japan's production facili-
1981 will stay little changed ties gradually will weaken with
from the preceding fiscal year, the approach of their age to a
since large-scale capital ex- level close to that of the U.S.
- COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120/272 END
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