JPRS ID: 9831 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400030012-1
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 12
• Content Type: REPORTS

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I~UR Of'FI('IAI. IItiH: ONi,l'
JPRS L/9831
8 July 1981
Latin America Re ort
p
CFOUO 15/81) ~
FB~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
JPRS publicatioris contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-la;~guage
sources are translated; those from English-language sour~es
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in'brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
- or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESZRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
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rutc urri~ia?L UJG VIrLI
JPRS L/9831
8 July 1981
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
(FOUO 15/81)
CONTENTS
ENERGY ECONOMICS
BRAZIL
Brief's
Alcohol, Oil Usage 7-
COUNTRY SECTION
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
Panamanian, Colombi~.n Corrmiunists Issue Communique
(PRELA, 19 May 81 : 2
_ BRAZIL
Briefs
1981-82 Coffee Prospects 3
Car Sales, Exports 3
Steel Exports 3
CUBA
Feasons for Salt Rationing Explained
(Gloria Marsan; BOHENlIA, 17 Apr 81) 4
Effect of Wage Reform on Trasportation Sector Analyzed
- (Gregorio Hernandez; BOHEMIA, 1 May 81) 6
Development of Refrigeration Industry Discussed
(BOHEMIA, 1 May 81) 8
New Enterprise Financial Terms Explained
(Alexix Codina; BOF~MIA, 17 Apr 81) 15
- a - [III - LA - 144 FOUO]
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EL SAI~VADOR
~PREZA' Says Army Stole Food From Chaxity Outfit
(PRELA, 21 May 81) 16
PANAMA
Temporary Visas Granted to Cuban Exiles
(LA PRENSA, 29 May 81) 18
Briefs
Students Seize Regional Center 19
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ENERGY ECONOMICS BRAZIL
BRIEFS
IILCOHOL, OIL USAGE--Just released statistics show that in the past year Brazil's
i consumption of alcohol fuel has increased by 2,000 percent. During January-April
1981, Brazilians used 463,000 cubic meters of alcohol. At the same time, consump-
tion of petroleum derivatives is down 7.8 percent overall including gasoline, whose
consumption dropped 18.7 percent from levels a year ago. Industrial fuel usage
is 11 percent lower, while kerosene consumption has dropped 6.1 percent compared
to last year. [PY222232 Rio de Janeiro LATIN AMERICA DAILY POST in English
, 22 May 81 p 4]
CSO: 3020/112
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I~OR ONFIC'IAI, 11~F: ONI.Y
COUNTRY SECTION INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
PANAMANIAN, COLOMBIAN COMMUNISTS ISSUE COMMUId"'~i1E
PA210022 Havana PRELA in Spanish 1615 GMT 19 May 81
[Text] Panama City, 19 May (PL)--The communist parties of Panama and Colombia
have condemned the policy of tension and war that the U.S. Govexnment is trying
_ to impose on the world and have announced their firm decision to struggle for
peace.
According to a communique released here today, high-level delegations of the two
parties held a meeting in Panama at which they underacored their aimilar political
viewpoints.
The Colombian co~unists ratified their support for the victorious revolutions of
Nicaragua and Grenada and expressed their combative solidarity with the Latin
, American peoples struggling for their national liberation, the document adds.
They also indicated their support for the Belizean people's inalienable right to
self-determination and independence and re~ected all attempts by Guatetnala's
reactionary circles to seize part of that small Central American country's territory.
Further, the doc~ent signed by the Colombian and Panamanian communiat delegations
condemns the anti-Cuban campaign promoted by the Washington Government and imple-
- mented by the most reactionary Colombian sectors when they broke relations with
~ that island.
They stressed that this development constitutes a vain effort to isolate the Cuban
revolutic:. and to serve the obscure interests of the war-oriented U.S. colonial
policy.
The two parties determinedly endorsed the Soviet Union's peace policy and the plan
_ presented by CPSU Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev at the recently held 26th
Congress.
CSO: 3010/1412
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COUNTRY SECTION $RAZIL
BRI~FS
1981-82 COFFEE PROSPECTS--Rio de Janeiro (DAILY POST)--Brazil expects a super
harvest of coffee in the 1981-82 growing season, said president of the Brazil
Coffee Institute Octavio Rainho. He expects production to reach 32.1 million
132-1b bags of coffee. Brazil hopes to export 19 million bags of coffee this year
and to increase this amount next year. [PY222232 Rio de Janeiro LATIN AMERICA
DAILY POST in English 20 May 81 p 7]
CAR SALES, EXPORTS--Brasilia (DAILY POST)--There was a 159.5 percent increase in
exports of Brazilian automobiles in the first quarter of 1981. However, domestic
sales were down 40.1 percent on the same period last year. [PY222232 Rio de Janeiro
LATIN AMERICA DAILY POST in English 20 May 81 p 7]
STEEL EXPORTS--Sao Paulo (DAILY POST)--Steel exports, which repreaented 10 percent
of the total of 15.3 million tons produced in Brazil in 1980, will probably increase
to 12 percent in 1981. [PY222232 Rio de Janeiro LATIN AMERICA DAILY POST in Englieh
20 May 81 p ]
CSO: 3020/112
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CO'UNTRY SECTION ~gA
REASONS FOR SALT RATIONING EXPLAINED
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 17 Apr 81 p 85
- [Article by Glo.ria Marsan]
[Text] Every day new products appear on the free market but nevertheless there
have recently been problems in buying salt. Our country is an island and hence
surrounded by the sea. The sea is prodigal in goode for mankind. It freely
offers some of them and all we have to do ia r~ach out and take them. However,
most of them have to be extracted with constant human labor.
Nevertheless, every day we take all we want from the sea. Thus, preciaely, in
Cuba we take from the sea one of the fund~nental elements for life: salt. This
product has so much significance that frequently we hear it said of something or
someone lacking in charm that "it (he, ahe) is without salt, has no saltcellar."
Recently there has been a ahortage of sa1C and everyone ia wondering: How ie thie
possible if we ara an island with sunshine almost all year long? That ie true, but
as we have pointed out, this is one of the goods ~hat muat be extracted. "Yes,"
they might answer us, "for that purpose we have five saltworks in the country.".
Very well, there is an explanation for everyt.hing.
We investigated and learned that the methods of extraction were not the moet modern
and although the technology has been improved and some installatione have been
enlarged, production is still insufficient. New investmente were pro~ected and
begun. However, as our colleague Marilza Barranco of JUVENTUD REBELDE saye, in
the management of our organisms we have not aucceeded in making either 1Qrge or ema11
function at the planned rate. Ir. the past 5-year period the buildere produced worke
worth millions of pesos, but the small enlargementa in the ealtworke were put off.
Add to this that 1979 was a year of heavy rainfall and *hat salt ie soluble. The
result was that in spite of the great efforts expended by the ealt workers, Cuba had
to import salt. We suggest that if the planned conatruction had been finiehed it
would have been possible to export aalt last year.
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Once again the government leadership had to take measures to give priority to a
task which should already have been completed. This iime the builders, that
force which moves the earth, answered as they always do to overcome the difficulties '
in the daily production battle, also adding the warmth of emulation to these new
ooals.
More than 2,000 workers laboring in the Puerto Padre saltworks in Las Tunas,
Nueve de Abril in Villa Clara, the Real in Camaguey, Frank Pais in Guantanamo and
Bidos in Matanzas, are proposing to speed up completion of the project as much as
poc~ible, although the plan is to finish these works in 1983.
The emulation is arranged between the builders and the salt workers, i.~eing fund-
amentally based on fulfilling the technioeconomic plan, labor disciplin.~, quality,
productivity and costs. Inspections will be made quarterly and the labor organi-
zations of each enterprise will provide information for the first inspectio.~,
which is to be made on 9 April; the second has been planned for 10 July and t?~e
third will be on 10 October. The final inspection will be in February 1982.
The Villa Clara workers plan to win the contest and have proposed that the first
balance sheet for emulation be made precisely at the Nueve de Abri saltworks, on that
date, as a salute to the anniversary of the revolutionary strike begun precisely
on a day like that one in 1958. We know that there are orher strong contenders.
BOHEMIA is waiting for the results.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEM7A 1981
12,116
CSO: 3010/1291
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COi3NTRY SECTION CUBA
EFFECT OF WAGE REFORM ON TRANSPORTATION SECTOR ANALYZED
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 1 May 81 p 32
[Article by Gregorio Hernandez: 01General Wage Reform"]
[Text] The subj ect of wage reform is Qf continuing intereat, above a11 during
the period of its establishment.
On this occasi~n we will take up in our column how thia regulation ia bein,g carried
out in the transportation branch in general, looking into some aspecte we believe
require a specif ic analysis which will contribute to inatructive informatioa.
_ In one of the justifications in Resolution 457 of the State Labor and Social
Security Committee, which sets the norms for the establiahatent of the general wage
refok~m approved by the Council of Ministers, it states that in order to achieve
this goal, it i.s essential, among other things, to implement the ayetetn of payment
based on yield in all the activities in which conditions are auitable for the pur-
pose. It is necessary to provide norms for all posaible activities and to update
the existing norms so that they will reflect the productive potential of the labor
force. It also orders a review and simplification of the atructures and achedules
of workers directly involved in production and aervices.
Assuming the obligatory nature of these provi~ions, it can be added that the trans-
portation sector, which has a labor force exceeding 100.000, now has
more than 35,000 of these workers covered by reform, with all its poeitive and
consistent results.
Enterprises in the air, railroad, port, maritime, automotive, workshop and other
sectors are plunged in the complexities involved in the fulf illment of the provi-
sions resulting from Resolution 457.
Now then, what are the main tasks which muat be carried out in order to promote
application of these measures, tasks which must also be aupported by the diviaions,
branches and functional units of the main body?
The most outstanding are: expansion of the sphere of labor norming, an increase in
the number of workers normed and the time fund worked under norms; fulfillment of
the plan for review of the existing labor norme, above and beyond the parameters
for which the resolution provides; improvement in the basic organization of work,
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' with fulfillment of the measures in the annual plan for the development of labor
organization, in order thus to ensure that at least 60 percent of the planned pro-
duction growth is obtained thanks to these measures; and drafting of the payment
systems pending application and submission of them for consideration by the CEPSS
[State Committee for Labor and Social Security~.
As of the time we are writing this analysis, only seven enterprises and two estab-
lishments out of a total of 41 in the central body are receiving the benefits of
reform, although this is not due to any lack of effort.
What are the factors responsible for the fact that this goal has not yet bee.n
achieved in all of these enterprises? We can note as major ones the matters de-
fining bonus regulations, adaptation of the wages paid to the provisions estab-
lished by reform, changes in the payment system, and errors in the documentation
presented, leading to its return to the enterprises for correction.
On the other hand, for example, the truck enterprises are sub~ect to approval of
the general state transportation list, which is expected shortly.
However, despite these initial d.ifficulties, reform is moving firmly ahead in the
transportation sector. When this column reaches the readers, it will have already
_ been applied in at least 50 percent of the enterprises, with regard to the pro-
visions for laborers, service and administrative workers, and when the 75 percent
level is reached, which is expected during the second quarter of this year, the
benefits will be extended to technical personnel, provided that the co~non quali-
fying factors pertinent to this professional category have been approved.
In conclusion, we can state that the general wage reform is, because of its over-
whelming importance, a subject of the greatest interest. We will continue to
deal with this subject and its application in such an important sector of the
national economy as transportation in subsequent articles.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
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CSO: 3010/1449
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
DEVELOPMENT OF REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY DISCUSSED
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 1 May 81 pp 28-31
[TextJ Tropical countries such as Cuba face special difficulties in connection
with farm product supply. With few exceptions, harvests are carried out within a
very short time, because almost all fruits mature suddenly, and if they are not
gathered speedily, the effort of the farmers would be wasted.
And so we find tha~t suddenly the markets are flooded with a certain product
(cabbages, tomatoes, tangerines, grapefruit, potatoes, yams, etc.) and thus supply
automatically becomes greater than demand or what the population can absorb. This
is even more true with vegetables, because apart from the fact that it is not the
habit of Cubans to consume great quantities of them, this habit is not developed
through the availability of a wide range of salads in our restaurants either. We
never see them in a pizzeria or a cafeteria, and it is even uncommon to find them
in workers' dining rooms or even those in schools.
When situations of this sort occur with industrial products with a long life
(fabrics, pressure cookers, radios, etc.), the solution is relatively easy. For
example, sometimes the law of supply and demand is used, lowering prices so per
capita consumption will increase. Or the surplus may be stored for rational dis-
tribution.
But it is almost impossible to do this with farm products. For the second problem
with these farm harvests in tropical countries is their short life. An apple har-
, vested in November can be eaten in April, but a mango rots in 10 days or less.
How many times have we seen (and smelled) the disagreeable phenomenon of dozens of
- cases of rotten goods near the farm product markets? We recall harvests of pota-
toes or oranges in the past leading to such situations, with no solu~ion. What
can be done?
Faced with this problem, which is basic to the national economy, two systems are
being applied simultaneously. The first, which we will not discuss here, is the
scientific search for farm varieties which are longer lasting than the traditional
ones. The other is the construction of huge cold storage plants at key points in
the country, from which export or rational distribution for local consumption, as
the case may be, can be effected.
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At the end of the last 5-~ear period, two refrigeration plants for farm pro-
duce began operation: the Nuevitas plant in Camaguey, and the Habana del Este
plant, in the city of Havana. Each of them has a capacity of 25,000 cubic meters,
distributed among 21 refrigeration chambers. This year six more are being built,
in Pinar del Rio, Matanzas, Camaguey, Santiago de Cuba, Cienfuegos and the city of
Havana.
~
This construction is a part of an ambitious program which has been in development
since the 1960s with a view to the rational use of the farm potential of the caun-
try and guarantee a stable and continuous supply of farm products for the people.
Of the refrigeration plants being built, the technology and the execution of the
project are Bulgarian, while the construction plans are Cuban. In brief, they are
the result of Cuban-Bulgarian cooperation. Two of the refrigeration facilities
being built are entirely Cuban projects.
Cuban Project Developed
The two Cuban refrigeration facilities are located in Cienfuegos and the city of
Havana. Their construction is the responsibility of experts at the Refrigeration
and Air Conditioning Institute of the Ministry of the Steelworking Industry. This
is the first experiment doing this type of building with entire Cuban plans to be
undertaken in Cuba, making a considerable savings in foreign exchange possible,
while opening up broad prospects for eliminating the need for completely imported
plans and plants.
These installations cost more than 5 million pesos each. From the architectonic
point of view, a high percentage of prefabricated elements is used. Insofar as
possible the equipment is based on domestic products, although some of the parts
are imported from various countries.
Cienfuegos Refrigeration Plant
The plant being built in Cienfuegos will have eight cooling chambers kept at 0� C.,
each with an area of 18 by 24 square meters, providing a capacity of 25,000 cubic
meters. The design was based on plans to use this facility basically in connection
with the operation of the Victoria de Giron citrus fruit Plant.
Naturally, a facility of this type, although adapted to the special requirements
of a given product, can store any other plant product, with placement in the cham-
bers arranged differently.
With regard to the pace of construction, the Cienfuegos refrigeration plant is
lagging betiind those of other provinces, due in part to the serious diff iculties
encountered in sinking piles. But this sub~ect has priority and its builders ex-
pect to complete four chambers during the month of September and four others in
December of this year.
It appears to us that the goal set is very ambitious, especially if we bear in mind
_ that two such giant projects as the Karl Marx cement plant and the initial stages
of the f irst thermonuclear power plant to be built in Cuba, among others, are going
- up in the environs of Cienfuegos.
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The builders in the "Pearl of the South," while making progress toward the trans-
formation of their province into an industrial power, are contributing to the work
of other regions. Recently they completed capital repairs on a kiln at the
~iguaney cement plant, while another brigade is working on the building of the
white paper plant which is going up in Jatibonico.
However, it is for the worthy men in the white helmets to say. We await reports
from them, for Bohemia would be honored to visit them if they ach3e.ve this i.mpor-
tant goal they have set themselves.
City of Havana
The other Cuban refrigeration plant is located near the Mediodia Highway in the
municipality of Playa. This plant is of great i.mportance for supplying the capi-
tal. As is usual with this type of construction, it has been designed for the
storage of a very wide range of products. Although basically it will be used to
store potatoes, it will also handle other products during various seasons of the
year.
It has 16 square cooling chambers, measuring 18 meters along the side and 7 in
height. This space provides for the conservatian of 20,000 tons of farm products,
although naturally this f igure varies depending on the specific weight of the
various products. Eight of its chambers will be ke~t at a temperature as low as
0� C~, while the others can be set as low as -18� C., depending on the need in
each case.
The execution of the project has been entrusted to the workers of the Industrial
Projects Construction Enterprise No 3, for the industrial installation, and those
of Architecture Projects No 24, for the civil construction work. They propose to
complete the first four chambers and have them ready for use during the second
quarter, and the other four by the end of this year.
This construction is lagging slightly behind schedule due to the lack of certain
resources, including temporary electricity. At the present time this situation
has been corrected, but without a doubt a carefully draffied program wi11 have to
be followed in order to regain the time lost and to complete the stages on schedule.
However, we will pay a visit there in June.
Cuban-BulgaLian Refrigeration Plants
The otlier four refrigerati.on plants being built in the country (Pinar del Rio,
Matanzas, Camaguey and Santiago de Cuba) are benef itting from advanced technology
provided by Bulgaria. The total cost of each of these comes to an investment of
about ~ mi_:Llion ~esos.
With the exception of the plant in Pinar del Rio, which is smaller, these cold
_ storage facilities have a net or real storage capacity of 25 cubic meters, distri-
buted among 21 chambers, 16 of them functioning at 0� C. This is the temperature
generally used for the storage of farm products. The other five are kept at about
-18� C., mainly for the storage of ineat.
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On the subject of temperature, it should be mentioned that the possible range is
very broad. In other words, these installations are planned to function as des-
cribed in the preceding paragraph. However, if circumstances so require, the 0�
chambers can function at temperatures even below -18�, or at temperatures slightly
above zero.
Santiago de Cuba in the Lead
The technical supervisor of this project is architect Luis Valdes, who talked en-
thusiastically with us about his work. He explained that the Santiago de Cuba
refrigeration plant was begun in the final days of 1979. Located on the northern
shore of the bay, its construction required the sinking of some 1,400 piles, as
deep in some cases as 100 meters. This work was done by specialized crews, fol-
lowing a logical construction sequence.
"Simultaneously," Valdes told us, "we undertook all of the construction phases in
the various sectors: sinking piles, foundation work, civil construction, water-
proofing, etc. This means working under considerable pressure, but also with
rather sizabl~ resources available for the project. The results have been good,
because we have gained several months on the schedule."
In reality, we do �~t recall such substantial advances or any with these charac-
teristics in works of such magnitude in our entire journalistic experience. Natu-
rally, this creates a special situation, because an unplanned rate such as this
makes constant changes in the project schedule necessary, and leads to the fact
that a number of resources supposedly to have been made available at a later date
must be provided much earlier.
This creates a most difficult situation. If the resources are provided ahead of
schedule, other construction may be affected. If they are not, the great effort
made by the workers is wasted and it is not possible to profit from the advance
achieved in a project of such importance to the national economy.
In moving faster than the investors, the builders have put their capacity for
maneuvering to a real test. The problems have been resolved thus far, but even
so the builders were unable to meet their goal of delivering capacities ready for
use at the end of last year. Their new goal is to put three chambers into opera-
tion next May.
Although we saw the zeal with which these comrades worked, we know that the task
is not an easy one, because the impermeability and insulation tests, etc., gene-
rally take a long time. But we shall see during the next check on the special
industrial projects emulation.
However, because of the rate of work achieved and other special characteristics,
the Santiago de Cuba refrigeration plant merits careful analysis. We are accus-
tcmed to seeing cases in which an advance achieved in projects does not mea~ real
progress in the long run, because the advance is only partial or falls below the
necessary quality level. And then the famous "overfulfillment" is lost in making
repairs. But in this case an advance was achieved in the project schedule with
all the established parameters met. What was the reason for this triumph? Let
us analyze some of them.
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The Specialized Crew
In various works we have described the advantages of this system of organizing the
labor force. In brief, the workers in specialized crews, as the term indicates,
produce work more skillfully and speedily because the members have become experts
in the subject in question. In addition, because they are specialized, the workers
_ achieve a higher quality level than a worker who is not a specialist.
But that is not all. The specialized crew is linked with the work done from the
wage viewpoint, in the ways established for construction workers. This means that
if when a given project is delivered, the required quality parameters are not met,
the portion involved or the whole or the project must be redone, without further
payment. Therefore, the crew always has a special interest in completing its pro-
jects impeccably.
For this same reason, the crew does not tolerate within it laggards, Ioiterers,
workers who are often absent or who do low quality work, because they threaten the
interests of the collective. When the crew detects such cases of an individual
nature, various procedures are possible. An ignorant worker can be taught, a lazy
one encouraged, or in extreme cases, a worker is expelled from the group if it is
demonstrated that its morale is being affected and the economy of each of the com-
ponents threatened.
Contract Payment
Another point which is basic to the success achieved is contract payment. This
= payment system not only benefits the worker but also the economy of the country in
general. It encourages the worker to produce more and better. It i5 precisely an
increase in productivity which is sought in this just combination of moral incen-
tives, which are basic in a socialist society, and material incentives, which by
raising the standard of living of the worker also achieve a basic goal.
Contract payment is not only the motive force of production within the project, but
outside it as well. For example, in the past when an interruption occurred, all of
the workers had their full wages guaranteed, and they would wait patiently while the
cause of the suspension was resolved, if it did not depend on them. This led to
demoralizing situations which were repeated with relative frequency when the com-
" plete productive flow was not properly interlinked. When this occurs now, the
worker ceases to earn a part of his wages.
This circumstance makes the worker an individual interested not only in his own �
labor sector, but in the production chain as a whole, and he will exert pressure
beyond his limited field of action and become a general activist in the project.
And as under.socialism work always has a social connotation and not just that of
. simple individual benefit, contract payment also contributes to the worker's in-
creasing awareness of all the factors which play a role in construction.
During interruptions, the workers receive only 50 or 70 percent of their wages.
But the worker does not want to be paid only a certain percentage, but rather to
work and earn his complete wages, and then to achieve quality overfulfillment in
order to earn something more above the norm. Overfulfillment represents greater
income, as an immediate material result, and duty fulfilled, as a moral result.
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All of the crews on this project are involved in contract payment. But there is
one crew which has a special system, the "support" crew. It has two functions:
to carry out the unloading of materials, and, as its name indicates, to provide
support where it is needed. As it has no specif ic work assignmen~, it receives
payment for overfulfillment based on the general project results.
Industrial Installation
"The delivery of the civil construction portion is vital to the development of our
work," engineer Jose Miguel Navarro, installation supervisor at the refrigeration
plant, told us. Based on prior experience and the special conditions pertaining
to this Santiago de Cuba project, we began the technical installation with the com-
pressors in the engine room.
"Later we worked on the condensors and the cooling towers. Currently we are
working in continuous fashion on the complex type network, a basic aspect of the
project, because it represents about 20 percent of the total installation value."
When we visited the construction workers at the Santiago de Cuba refrigeration
plant for the first time, the project was more than 2 months ahead of schedule
and the workers hoped to provide delivery'of three completed chambers during
December. This was not possible due to diff iculties beyond their control. But
they did not readily let themselves by frustrated. New strategies were put into
effect to maintain ~he rate of construction, with a shift to other project targets
- and changes in the established schedule, without affecting either quality or logi-
cal sequence.
A Crew Chief Speaks
Ernesto Colas, a builder with long experience and an exemplary militant, heads a
masonry crew. He speaks of his comrades with just pride but also without com-
promise: "Good work has been achieved on this project in general, but to be just
one must recognize certain internal shortcomings, overcome to a great extent thanks
to the effort and the quality of the personnel, who have considerable experience
and have responded conscientiously to the demands of production.
"We know that the work can be done better, although it must b~ admitted that not
all of the shortcomings depend on the builders alone. The materials we use have
a considerable effect on the quality of our work. For example, good roofing cannot
be guaranteed with the tiles we receive, because many are defective.
"Also there are diff iculties with roofs made of prefabricated elements, but here
it is due to our failure to fulfill technical norms, basically in the f inishing of
the drain, which is the usual focus of the problem. Naturally, with the control
exercised in working by crews, these problems are being overcome increasingly every
day . "
The Opinion of the Union
The general secretary of the trade union bureau, Hugo Palacios, joined in the con-
versation, saying that if concern with the quality of the work is vital, concern
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with man is equally so, because without the workers there is nothing, and in order
to prevent accidents, each worker must be provided with maximum safety at his labor
post.
"But this is not enough," said Hugo. "One must insist constantly that the workers
meet the established safety requirements. The greater the skill the worker ac-
quires at his work, the less attention he pays to protecting hunself. It is neces-
sary to remind the workers constantly that it is not just someone's ~him, but their
duty to use the protective equipment and means available. But believe it or not,
it is even necessary to penalize them to make them take care. Although it seems
incredible, it is very difficult to achieve this.
, '~Ihen the labor post does not have the protective equipment necessary, all the
workers should insist that it be shut down, regardless of the economic implications
this may have. A delay in any project is a thousand times preferable to threaten-
ing the life of a worker, because anything can be recovered except the life of a~
man."
, Final Summary
There are six refrigeration plants currently under construction on the island, to
be added to the current capacity. But in the very near future, within this 5-
year period, if the economic rate of the country's development continues, another
eight will be built, in the city of Havana and the provinces of Havana, Villa
Clara, Cienfuegos, Ciego de Avila, Holguin, Granma and Las Tunas. Adding the capa-
city now under construction to that of these new projects, the current volume will
be increased by 403,600 c~ibic meters.
Without a doubt the experience in contract payment, specialized crews, construc-
tion technological flow, etc. will continue ~o be accumulated, making it possible
for each new refrigeration plant to be built naore speedily and to prove better
and more efficient. Cooling is essential in a tropical country. That is why for
the first time in the history of Cuba, engineers are being graduated in this f ield,
and there are specialized institutes to increase their number. This is the way to
triumph over our heat and to f eed the people more and better.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
5157
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COUNTRY SECTION
NEW ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL TERMS F~PLAINED
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 17 Apr 81 pp 86, 87
[Article by Alexis Codina]
[Text] Net profit [Ganancia de~balance] is the difference between the monetary
resources that an enterprise acquires for Che sale of its production and for other
activities minus the cost of production and other expenses.
Out of its net profit the enterprise pays interest to the bank for the credits
received and pays into the budget the established contributions. What is left ~
after making these payments is called the calculated profit [ganancia de calculo],
from which the enterprise can obtain monetary resources Co create funds for
economic growth, according to the results it achieves'in determined indicators.
The enterprise sends the remainder to its higher headquarters for the centralized
- Funds existing on that level.
The need to utilize these terms results from the d ouble role played by profits
in a socialist economy.
On the one hand, it constitu tes the principal source for covering the general needs
of society, such as education, public health, social security, etc., as well as
the new investments required for the economic and social development of the country,
which are financed by the state buZget. For this goal the enterprise makes
contributions from its net profit.
On the other hand, profit is also used to stimulate improvement in the economic
_ management of the enterprise, as it is the source f or creating funds for economic
~ stimulatiun by interesting the workers in improving the general efficiency of the
enterprise, in this way uniting individual and collective interests with the
general interests of society. The resources for attaining this objective are
taken from the calculated profit.
The increase in the calculated profit is one of the indicators to be used in Cuba
to form the Prize Fund in the enterprises selected during the 5-year period
1981-85.
The principal ways to increase both kinds of profit are to increase production
and to reduce costs. The enterprise may also increase its profit thm ugh marginal
activities using the wastes of production, as well as renting out temporarily fdle
equipment, such as trucks, machines, etc.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
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COUNTRY SECTION EL SALVADOR
~PRELA~SAYS ARMY STOL~ FOOD FROM CFIARITY OUTFIT
PA221820 Havana PRELA in Spanish 1949 GMT 21 May Si
[Text] San Jose, 21 May (PL)--The Salvadoran Army stole a shipment of provisions
� from the humanitarian organization, "Caritas," which had been sent for the refugees
of that country who are in dire need of food and medical assistance.
The supplies which Caritas was going to deliver to the refugee camps consisted of
wheat, flour and oil. The peasants who have arrived from rural areas, bombarded
by the army are crammed into these camps.
The Agencia lndependiente de Prensa jAIP] disclosed that in order to justify the
theft of the provisions, the military alleged that the supplies were going to be
handed over to the guerrillas.
Meanwliile, special troops supported by helicopters were sent by the high military
command to Suchitoto in a new attempt to regain control of the area.
A member of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front iFMLN], commenting on
this new operation, told the AIP that "this new tactic is not giving them any
positive results either."
The Salpress News Agency has reported several attacks by the insurgents on the
town of Cinqueras in Cabanas Department and shooting in different parts of San
Salvador.
In Cinquera, the national guard quarters, the army garrison and the local head-
quarters were attacked with heavy fire causing numerous casualties to the government
forces.
Salpress also reported that in Villa Dolores, Cabanas Department, the army has not
been aU1c to destroy the walls and the fortresses which have been buiZt by the
~;uerrillas to prevent the mobilization of the troops in the rebel zones.
News received from different regions report the strengthening of the people's power
and how the rainy season is being used to increase the agricultural producCion in
the liberated zones.
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The source said that the~people's militias conducted several clashes in San Salvador
while the traffic was blocked in several streets and avenues.
In E1 Salvador nine affiliates of the Industrial Metalworkers Unicn complained to
the Guatemalan military regime over the arrest of Salvadoran union leader Jose
Sanchez Gallegos in that neighboring country.
These mass organizations believe that the arrest of Sanchez Gallegos is in response
to the Guatemalan regime's co~itment to collaborate with the Salvadoran junta.
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COUNTRY SECTION PANAMA
TEMPORARY VISAS GRANTED TO CUBAN EXILES
PA292027 Panama City LA PRENSA in Spanish 29 May 81 p 1
[Text] A dozen Cubans who are here in transit to the United States yesterday
hurriedly left the hotel in which they were staying after being alerted that they
would be sent back to Cuba.
The incident became public knowledge when two women and five children of Cuban
nationality entered this newspaper's premises and voiced their fears.
Completely reliable sources told LA PRENSA that tickets were ready for them to
board an Iberia plane scheduled to make a stop in Havana and that the repatriation
would thus be effected.
The Cubans were identified as Mateo Bhigas, his wife and three children as well
as Arcadio Suarez, his wife and two infants.
The incidents are directly related to a scandalous sale of Honduran visas with
which some 600 Cubans were expecting to leave their country. According to unofficial
reports, not less than 200 Cubans had arrived in Honduras when its authorities
discovered the fraudulent operation. As a result, Honduran Deputy Government
Minister Jose Lara was dismissed.
The 10 Cubans who arrived in Panama Thursday en route to Honduras had to stay here
because executives of the Honduran airline Sahsa prevented them from leaving for
Tegucigalpa on the grounds that their visas has been canceled.
" T.ate last night it was learned that they had again checked into a hotel, Panama
Ci.t~~'s I.a Siest:~ Hotel, ~lfter Panamanian authorities promised to grant them 30-day
visas to strai~;l~ten out their problem and to leave for the United States.
Panama agreed to intervene in this matter after receiving a request for assistance
from the Honduran diplomatic representatives in Panama City.
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BRIE FS
STUDENTS S~IZE REGIONAL CENTER--Some 60 youths, members of the University Front for
Revolutionary Action [Frente Universitario de Accion Revolucionaria--FUAR] and of
the Panamanian Youth Movement [MJP], seized the offices of the Colon Regional
University Center Directorate this morning. FUAR Secretary General Dorindo Cortes
told this station on the phone that the seizure is in support of the four university
students who are staging a hunger strike as well as being a protest demonstration
against the university law which passed the first debate this morning by the
National Legislative Council. According to Cortes, the law turns the regional
centers into day nurseries. He added that the students will remain in the office
today and part of tomorrow. The Colon Regional Center was seized without any
violence. [PA290031 Panama City Televisora Nacional in Spanish 1730 GMT 28 May 81]
CSO: 3010/1412 END
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