JPRS ID: 9785 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020024-9
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• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 24
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9785
11 June 1981
Latin America Re ort
p ~
(FOUO 14/81 ~
FBIS FOREIGN BROAQCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9785
11 June 1981
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
(FOUO 14/81) ~
CONTENTS
COiAdTRY SECTION
CUB A
Roundtable Reviews Work in Port Handling Activitie~s
(Gre~orio Hernandez; B~iEMIA, 24 Apr 81) 1
Proble~ in MQa Living Conditions Continue
(Alberto Pozo; BOHEMIA, 17 Apr 81).....o 11
- Torras Speaks on Third World Economists Meeting
(Rau.~ Lazo; BOHEMIA, 24 Apr 81)......o 13
Comparison Made of Ztao Minas Sugar Mills
(Andres Rodriguez; BOHEAiffA, 17 Apr 81) 16
Cost Effectiveness of Sugar Industry To Be Emphasized
(Emilio Loo Interview; BOHEMIA, 24 Apr 81) 21
- a - [III - LP, - 19~4 FOUO]
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COUNTRY SECTION CUnI~
ROUNDTABLE REVIEWS WORK IN PORT HANDLING ACTIVITIES
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 24 Apr 81 pp 28-31
~
[Article by Gregorio Hernandez: "Balar;ce and Meditation"]
[Text] It is obvious that the circulation of products in the port-transpc�rtation-
- domestic economy chain has an important effect on the national economy, directly
~ influencing fulfillment of production ~lans, development ta.~.ks and popular
, consumption.
Based on this reality, there is concern in the party and the state for the ma~cimum
operational efficiency of this mechanism because of what it represents for our rate
' of economic growth.
We can say that all the sectors involved in this port-transporr,ation-domestic eco-
! nomy chain are now fully aware of its significance and work hard. This roundtable
is being held in the capital of Pinar del Rio. This province is in first place in
the national ef'fort for opti.mal operation of this chain although problems persist.
I~ The panelists who participated were: EYnilio Pimienta, chairman of the provincia~.
committee for this chain and vice president of the people's government; Rodolfo
Diaz, vice chairman of the provincial committee; Manuel Morales, provincial direc-.
tor of EXPEDITRANS [expansion unknown]; Nicolas Arronte, director of transportation
sector; Victor M. Alvarez, provincial delegate from the western division of the na-
tional railroad; Francisco Freije, traffic chief of the 'I~uck Enterprise of MITRANS
[Ministry of Transportation]; Raul Diaz, wholesale trade representative to the pro-
vincial operational group; Diego V~l.divia fran the municipal CEAZM LState Committee
for Technical and Material Supply]; Blas E. Valdes from the Ministry of Construc-
tion in Pinar del Rio; Felix Ramirez, representative from the Fertilizer Factory;
and Juan Morera of the provincial CTC [Central Organization of Cuban ~ade Unions].
Here, reader, is the roundtable on the port-transportation-domestic economy chain
in the westernmost region of the country.
[Question] Pinar del Rio is the province tha.t has done the best work in the chain.
To what is this success due?
Fimienta: The work done by the chain can be s~urunarized in two aspects: measurable
achievements like bonuses for prompt expedition; and better rotation of the
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equipmerit that transports the merchandise ~o the province, from the province and
within the province. We have worked and we have achieved since bonuses for pranpt
expedition are higher than demurrage payments. We have been improving since June
1980 when we began this battle under the guidelines of the Politboro af our party.
L(~uestion] What organizational method are you using?
Punienta: Daily meetings of the operational group for the transportation chain have
given us good results; this group is formed by representatives of the main organi-
zations in the province. At that meeting, we analyze all the problems of the previ-
ous day, discuss measures for the enterprises that have paid for demurrage, hear
the forecasts for the next day and receive the necessary assurances to avoid demur-
rage payments. Our battle is to eliminate them. Every week we measure the results
of the transportation organizations and each one of the freight transportation users.
Also there is a monthly plenary meeting of the transportation cha.in in which all the
provincial offices of the state organisns, the unions, the municipal people's gov-
ernment or~ans and all the enterprises that have paid demurrage that month
participate.
[Question] Are the results of the emulation also determined?
Pimienta: Yes. There has been an emulation organized by ~he CTC and the unions
since June 1980. It has given impetus to all this work that we have developed in
the province. We ha.ve established similar operational groups in the towns and we
are linked with those groups through th� vice presidents of the people's government.
[Question] In your opinion, what causes demurrage payments? .
Pimienta: F`rom experience we can say that, behind every demurrage payment, there
is a situation of disorganization, irresponsibility, lack of supervision and lack
of administrative demand. We have seen how the wholesale trade sector has elimi-
nated that payment through organizational measures. That organism which transports
or receives thousands and thousands of tons of inerchandise only paid for 1 hour of
demurrage in a month and that was caused by irresponsibility. The guilty party
- was sanctioned.
[Question] Has this disciplined form of work taken them to first place nationally?
Pimienta: Yes. We could say that, in general, all the organisms in the province
have participated and helped Pinar del Rio stay in first place nationally in i~he
transportation chain. As we said, the leaders and workers of the wholesale trade
sector have made that task a daily battle.
[Questionl Is any other specific organism responsible?
Pimienta: CEATM has had a major role, especially in the main warehouses of the Pi-
nar del Rio Universal Enterprise, the Fertilizer Factory and the Petroleum Deriva-
tives Enterprise. They have done great work and, in general, have a defined cri-
terion on demurrage payments. There are other important organisms even though they
have not had better results in the emulation or the internal microemulation in the
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province. Organisms that, before all t:his process began, had high demut~rage pay-
ments--as in the concrete case of the Plinistry of Agriculture--have already re-
solved their problems to a great degree.
We als~ want to recognize the work of the agencies of EXPEDITRANS, the 'IY~uck Enter-
prise of MITRANS and the railroad. They have helped our provin,ce maintain these
results.
During this period of time, we have seen that there were nu economic criteria for
demurrage payments. Payments were ma.de autanatically by the enterprises; they som~~-
times did not know what they had paid. It has taken time to make them understand.
[Question] What problem does late notification cause?
Pimienta: The most serious problem in the chain is notification of automotive
transportation from Havana. The lack of timely information results in payment of
wages for workers who have not worked. This does not help and we are fighting to
solve this. Another problem is that the arrival of transportation is announced but
it does not come or two cane together an another day. This also affects unloading
and our enterprises. This was discussed by the national leaders and we hope it will
be solved soon.
- L~JuestionJ The provincial railroad went more than 60 days without demurrage pay-
ments. What measures did it take to achieve this?
Victor M. Alvarez: When the situation of the chain began, we started to work on
this with our stations which are our production centers. The chiefs, the train
crews and the comrades at the more important stations like Isabel Rubio, Pinar del
Rio and Los Palacios saw the need to expedite all the train transportation. They
were changing the situations in the hauling stations and loading and unloading sta-
, tions where good work is being done. Sirvice heavy locomotives began to cane to Pi-
nar del Rio, we have more trains to haul the cargo to the unloading places and more
rotation of empty cars back to their origin to reload them.
[Question] How is the Loading and Unloading Center operating?
Victor M. Alvarez: This is a small cer~ter located in the yard of the Pinar del Rio
station. The main problem is tracks since it is a small yard with a lot of traffic
where several freight and passenger trnins are unhitched. We also only had one
work ;,hift. Now w~e have two and the problem is tha.t, at times, we do not receive
enough freight for those two shifts. A new center is being constructed; it wi12
_ alleviate this situation. In the next few months, the constructioti materials arPa
will open.
[Question] How does railroad notification function?
Victor: 4de do not have problems with r.otification. We inform our users directly
and, until now, we have not had problen~s with Havana or with the province. The
station chiefs notify the receivers and the municipal corrdnittees for the chain
about what they will receive the next d.ay.
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Pimien+~a: It should be explained that the railroads have no problems with notifi-
cat:ion. The problem is with the truck:,, with notification fran transportation from
Havana. When we say from Havana Provir.;ce, we are referring to the port of Mariel,
the trucks from Artemisa and Havana City whi.ch affect notification to Pinar del Rio.
Nicolas Arronte: We want to mention a serious problem that is af'fecting the pro-
vince. We could achieve much more if a situation that has occurred for same time,
especially in Havana City, were resolved. The equipment is loaded but does not go
to its destination then; it remains parked at those truck bases. Then they show
up here at their destination, causing "bottlenecks." The workers in the stevedore
brigades are le:ft "high and dry" on the day when they expected them.
[Question] It is obvious that the notification system is creating problems in the
province. What measures have been taken?
Nlanuel Morales: The riotification system has two aspects: the internal system in
the province and the national system. We understand that we do not have problems
with notification within the prot~ince; they have been overcome. However, they have
not yet been solved with notification of equipment from Havana ~~d the Mariel and
- Artemisa bases. It should be pointed aut that the National Expediting Enterprise
and the 'Iruck FY~eight Enterprise are already working on this problem.
[QuestionJ For a long time, the food warehouses in this province paid the most for
demurrage. What is the present situati.on?
Raul Diaz: Here is what happened. Our wholesale trade sector has been working
for some time on improving storage capacity in the province, constructing ware-
houses where practically none existed. Already in the 5-ye~' period 1976-80, we
- had 25,000 square meters of new warehouses. Other enclosed warehouses ..re being
constructed with basic loading and unloading mechanisms.
The present situation in our warehouses is that demurrage payments have been to-
tally eliminated. For example, in January the results were as follows: the Food
Products Enterprise which has three food warehouses in the city of Pinar del Rio
alone received 672 vehicles from MITRANS and handled 21,278 tons of inerchandise
without paying a single centavo for de~r~urrage and collected 1,278 pesos for prompt
expedition. The other three enterprisF:s did not pay for any demurrage in January
" and also collected a considerable amour~t of money for prompt expedition. In Febru-
ary, the situation remains the same; tYiat is, we have not paid a single centavo for
demurrage nor delayed any vehicle in trie province.
Rodolfo Diaz: We also want to mention the meritorious work of the Food Products
Distributing Enterprise in the provir~e. This enterprise had a quarterly average
of about 1,500 pesos in demurrage payments in 1978-79 and at the beginning of 1g80.
In the fourth quarter of 1980, that enterprise paid 1,056 pesos and in January 1g81
it did not pay a single centavo.
[Question] How is this savings divided into the number of trucks?
Rodolfo Diaz: The Food Products Enterprise receives an average of 650 trucks a
month. Of these, about 8 remained loacled from one day to the next at thei.r
warehouses.
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[Question] The Ministry of Constructiora is one of the :nain users of the railroad
for the transportation of sand to the capital. What measures have been taken to
load the trains without demurrage and with prompt expedition?
Blas E. Valdes: We have established two work shifts at the railroad terminal; that
is, they work 24 hours a day with two hoists. There is also one caarade responsible
for verifying tha.t all the guidelines for railroad freight stored in the yards are
met. If there is any problem, he immediately informs us in order to coordinate
- more rapid movement of vehicles. Also the provincial delegate of the ministry is-
sued a provision empowering the representative to the operational group of the
chain to take immediate measures when there is demurrage in the railroad or highway
transportation.
~ We have a central warehouse where all the merchandise that arrives at night is un-
loaded by a stationary crane and a group of stevedores who, when the merchandise
is not for that center, direct it to it.s destination and unload it when it arrives.
- [Question] The CEATM warehouses belonging to the Main Chemical and Rubber Enter-
prise located in Bahia Honda have the highest demurrage payments in the province.
What about this situation?
_ Diego Valdivia: We fi~,st want to mention the measures that have been taken to eli-
minate this problem. These are: appointment of an establishment chief, approval
of new workers to meet the needs of the work force, increased shipment of inerchan-
dise to achieve greater capa~ity, organiza.tion of the warehouse and national coor-
dination with the port and transportation workers so there is no massive arrival
of inerchandise or trucks but this has not materialized. Now we are working with
the comrades in the town to find a site for an accounting center and the adminis-
tration of the establishment as well a.s to solve the coum~unications problem--that
is, have a telephone.
So far in Februar,y, there has not been a single hour of demurrage like last D~em-
ber when 14 cars arriv~d on one mornir~, twice what we should receive, and it was
pra~tically impossible to avoid demurrage. We are taicing steps so that that con-
- gestion will. not occur again.
[Question] Whose fault was that?
Valdivia: It was due to the fact tha.t merchandise from different ports and the
main warehouses came and all those trucks arrived the same morning. C~ur warehouses
are not adapted for massive reception.
[Question] The measures taken by the c hain have increased the rotation of trans-
portation vehicles. Nevertheless, there are problems with trucks tha,t transport
fertilizer for the tobacco fields. What is happenir~?
FY~ancisco Freije: Unquestionably, agriculture in general has made a great effort.
Nevertheless, there are some organizational problems tha.t we hope to solve in the
- near future to eliminate the de~,ay thaY, has occurred in this activity.
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_ [Question] Is this the answer or is there some example of how that situation i.s
~ changing?
, Rodolfo Diaz: 'The problems that occur with the fertilizer ~'or the toba~cco fields
are as follows. In the first pla~e, the fields dre scattered throughou~ the pro-
vince. Secondly, there is no place to store tha.t fertilizer although it has minimal
use when the tcbacco harvest beg~ns. 'This situation means that transportation goes
- fr:xn t!:~ factory to the tobacco house. This makes it hard for the agricultural
workers to unload the truck because of the dispersion of the agricultural-livestock
cooperatives, the tobacco enterprises and the tobacco fields. This keeps ttie ag~i-
cuJ.tural sector from exercising true control over the unloading although the situa-
tion has improved.
The Ministry of Agriculture has taken very positive measures through the Peasant
Sector Insurance Enterprise. It is necessary to point out the effort that h~s been
made in training the canrades who receive the merchandise. They frequently did not .
know when the truck arrived or returned. This let some drivers put down the hour
they wanted and not the correct one.
In January, agriculture faced sane problzms, mainly in the livestock enterprises.
However, there has been a consistent decrease in demurrage. At the end of the to-
bacco harvest, improvements can be seen in the Enterprise for Attention to the Pea-
sant Sector .
[Question) The Pinar del Rio Fertilizer Factory receives its raw materials directly
from the port of Havaria by railroad. Is the unloading of these trains suitably
assured?
Felix Ramirez: Definitely not. There is :io suitable system that permits us to
guarantee eFficient unloading. Neverthe'less, we have made the commitment to not
have demurrage for any reason. Unloading the cars that bring raw materials for our
- fa~tory is difficult because it must be done in a very short time and with equipment
that is in very poor condition. Therefore, there is more human effort. We have a
workers collective that really responds to this activity and retains t"~e award for
best provincial unloading brigade. They unload day and night, with or without
equipment.
We have planned the construction of inechanized unle~ding equipment that will permit
us to shorten the time for this task and increase the amount of raw materials un-
loaded. This will help rotate the vehicles and use the installed storage capacity
better. This will be a st~p forward and a way to eliminate demurrage.
[QuestionJ How does the special microemulation within the chain operate and what
results have been reported?
Juan Morera: We can call~it a macroemulation because it covers an extraordinary
number of workers. FY~om the very instant when tae people of Pinar del Rio took on
the task of loading and unloading the rrierchandise, we drew up emulation indices
where it was not necessary to use a l,ot of people. We began to apply these and we
reached the conclusion that it was necessary to hold plenary sessions monthly,
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quarterly, every 9 mcnths and yearly. At the beginning, we evaluated the following:
best brigade, stevedore, driver, shop krorker, repair shop and train crew. Not con-
tent with that, we proposed to expand the emulation and included the best enter-
prise, organism and town. In that way, we encompassed all the links of the chain;
sc~ ~ we will add another basic sector, the agencies of EXPEDITRANS.
We also received an emulation challenge from Las ~u~as which we a~cepted confidentl~:~.
Our efforts had reached the receptive ears of that eastern nrovince.
- Rodolfo Diaz: BOHFI~IIA can tell all the people of Las Zlxnas that we people of Pinar
del Rio are involved in the tobacco harvest as they are in their magnificent sugar
harvest. i-iowever, we are ready to receive them in April and be victorious here in
Pinar del Rio as they were in Las Tunas in the first half of January. We also war~t
to state that the operational group and the Pinar del Rio CTC have agreed to insti-
tute an award for "enterprise with zero demurrage." Starting with the review for
the first quarter of the year, this wi7.l be presented to each state or provincial
enterprise that has not had any demurr~ge during the quarter. EWerything seems
~ t~ indicate that our CTC comrades will have to print a lot of awards to fulfill
this agreement.
[Question] Knowing these operational achievements, what are the economic results of
the work of the cha.in in the province?
Rodolfo Diaz: I would say that the main result is improvement in the rotation of
the transportation vehicles as a consequence of the decreased time for loading or
unloadin~. ,
This makes it possible to exploit the available national and provincial transporta-
tion capacity more. This plus lower demurrage payments and bonuses for pr~mpt ex-
pedition are the main economic results of the w~rk of the organisms in the chain.
We have examples. During the fourth quarter of 1g80, the enterprises and budgeted
units of the province paid only 8,024 pesos in demurrage while they collected
36,579 pesos for prompt expedition, a favorable balance of 28,155 pesos.
- In January, the province recorded only 308 hours of delay which represents 1.93
percent over that established for all vehiclzs; this makes it first nationally.
These 308 hours equal 1,981 pesos. We hope that when we reach the end of the first
quarter of 1981, the figure will be much lower than in the fourth quarter of 1980.
Pimienta: We want BOHF~IIA to iell all the readers in the country that we people of
Pinar del Rio are working to maintain t.his effort in the fight against demurrage,
to rotate equipment and to work efficiently in the transportation chain. We are
doir~a this without affectir~ the tobacco or sugar harvest.
Conclusions of the Roundtable--After listenir~ to all the speeches on the work of
each of the organisms, enterprises and units that form the links of the port-
transportation-domestic economy chain c>f Pinar del Rio and witho~at failing to re-
cognize the praiseworthy balance, we want to meditate on the cc~st that the addi-
tional work force mobilized for this t~isk at the points of ori~in or destination
of the freight represents.
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We ask whether the economic mechanism c~f costs in corresponder~e to operational
efficiency is being used.
In other words, is the wage fund of those organisms and enterprises of the domestic
economy being affected more as a result of the serious problems in notification?
How many thousands of pesos are paid in wages to workers who wait for trucks tha.t
do not arrive and how many thousands are pa~.d when they arrive without notice and
it is necessary to contract additional nersonnel so as not to have demurrage?
_ Also when a transportation enterprise ~ays for prompt expedition, does it really
use the time gained to increase rotation of its equipment or to give them mainte-
nance or do they remain idle at their bases or in other places?
- The answers still leave a lot to be desired.
We understand that, in general, the wor~k of the Pinar del Rio chain is a start on
= the road to efficiency in this whole sy~stem whi.ch affects the economy of the country.
In ft,iture articles, we will again discuss this topi.c that is of intere~t to all.
,
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F~nilio Pimienta, chairman of proviz~ial com- Victor M. Alvarez, provin-
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9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020024-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R000400020024-9
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