JPRS ID: 9747 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010043-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 43
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9747
21 May 1981
Latin America Re ort
~
CFOUO ~ 2/81)
J
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST ~NF~RMATION SERVICE ~
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NOTE
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are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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. mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a qu~s-
tion ma.rk and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
- Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
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JPRS L/9747
21 May i98i
LAT I(V AMER I CA REPORT
- (FOUO 12/83) ~
CONTENTS
COUNTI~Y SECTION
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
Success of LAIA Hinges on Harmonious Economic Policies
(Estela Araujo; LA OPINION, 8 Mar 81) 1
BRA7.IL
Columnist Sees Bombings Threatening Pr.esident's Power
(Herbert Zschech; LATIN AMERICA DAILY POST, 9 May 81)........... 4
Brief~
Capital Goods Credit ~
EEC Subsidy Warning ~
CUBA
Activities of Western Mass Media in Caribbean Reported
(Mario G. del Cueto; BOHEMIA, 3 Apr 81) 8
Health, Culture Developments in Las Tunas Province
(Andres Rodriguez; BOHEMIA, 3~lpr 81) 12
New Wage Reform Effects in Construction Field Noted
(Gloria Marsan; BOHEMIA, 27 Mar 8~) 16
Improvements in Living Conditions in Moa Noted
(Alberto Pozo; BOHEMIA, 27 Mar 81) 18
Success in Sugarcane Production in Villa Clara Noted
(Andres Rodriguez; BOHEMIA, 27 Mar 81) 20
c ~ RENADA
Briets
Honduran Attack on Nicaragua 24
- a - [III - LA - 144 FOUOj
cnn nn~n~.r �rnr. nwr~.r
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COUNTRY SECTTON INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
SUCCESS OF LATA HINGES ON HARMONIOUS ECONOMIC POLICIES
Buenos Ai.res I,A GPINLON in Spani.sh 8 Mar 81 p 11
[Article by Estela Araujo: "Interconnection Within the LAIA"] -
[Text] Within the Latin ,American .T..ntegration Assvciation (LAIA), it is believed
that the conditions neces~ary for the 1980 Treaty of Nlpntevideo to go into effect -
Frtll be fulfilled by 18 March. T'nese requirements consist of ratification by at
least three of its member countries. Uruguay and Argentina submitted the
respective document and Paraguay and Mexico subsequently made their decisions.
Tfte resnaining members tBrazil, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and ~renezuela) have
nofi qet set any dates.
Whether within the f ramework of the LAIA's Andean subgroup or in the context of _
ot?~er agreements, such as the Amazon or Cuenca del Plata treaties, xelations between
Latin American countries constitute an inCerconnected system that is diff icult
to circiunvent. Sometimes as a result of a similar economic doctrine (as was the
case in recent years between Arg~ntina and Uruguay with Economy Minister~ Jose
Alfredo Martinez de Hoz and Valentin Arismendi) or simply due tn the r_eciprocal '
e~fect of geographic proximity and the attempted agreements between Arge:ltina
and Brazil, there is an unavoidable interplay in which one economy's movement F
toward a apecific goal has a real effect on the economies of neighboring countries, �
which in turn leads to measures that may again affect fihe neighboring country's
course of action.
The planned free trade zone between Ar~entina and Uruguay, even without being a
reality, is having a rec:iprocal impact on the economic measures which are being
adopted on both sides of the Plate River.
The 10 percent devaluation, perhaps the latest significant economic measure adopted
by the outgoing minister, has provoked a series of commentaries in Uruguayan
publications: EL MUNDO EMPRESARIO, a supplemant to the Colorado [liberal political _
partyJ newspaper EL DIA, states: "The future situation appears difficult to -
predict. However, we personally believe that in general nothing harmful will -
happen in Uruguay's case. The quick position taken by our officiais, establ.ishing
securi.ty for investors and setting exchange rates for the dollar during the month
of July was skillful and effective, in our opin;on."
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The newspaper EL PAIS took advantage of the exodus of Argentines at Punta del ~ste
to intervi~w economic. analysts, who talked about the same thing: the devaluation.
Itt industrial circles, the Uruguayan Chamber of Industries reported that the
exchange measur~s taken in Argentina. ar~ being studied, as well as the decision
oF Argentine buyers to suspend all textile deals for the next winter season.
Geopolitical publications, such as GEOSUR, are again doing studies of seaports and
are being echoed by major newspapers such as EL DTA, which states: "A seaport,
wliich is useful for regional development, is advisable for strengthening the work
of American integration and establishing Uruguay's prestige among the free peoples
of America," (6 February 1981)
The issue of inflation is hanging over all Latin American countries and having
its efEect on them. Uruguay is satisfied wiCh having brought inflation down from
80 precent in 1979 to 42.8 percent in 1980. In Argentina, according to EL
ECONOMISTA, "taken alone, devaluation.only means more inflation, more pressure on
public spending and consequently new transfers of earnings to sectors that do not
produce goods." This is ce~tainl;~ and the aforementioned weekly newspaper thus
recognizes that more than ~ust the latest measure of the current economic team,
this represents the preface to a new policy and will therefore be accompanied by .
a group of ineasures.
Inf lation is also an obsession for the Brazilian minister of planning, Antonio
Delfin Netto, who recently told MACHETE: "I would say that the beginning of the
democraric process is making the fight against inflation harder," and added that
"Brazil is not idle; we will continue to follow a policy which obviously has all
the conditions we need to reduce inf lation without substantially jeopardizing _
the rate of growth."
This policy is what Argentina hopes to have; i.>~ its next period of development. -
~ It is confident tha.t inflation is not reduced through a recessionary phase.
, One of Brazil's priorities continues to be a solution to the oil problem. It
needs to find a substitute for the oil that it produces and which has risen in
price from $14 to $38 a barrel between 1979 and 1980.
'Clius it cannot halt the development oE its hydroelectric plants, which means a
marked dtsruption ot its budget. The energy produced by the Itaipu Dam when it
goes into operation will be equivalent to 500,000 barrels of oil daily. The
Tucurui Dam, in the Carajas project, is also of the utmost importance. Nor can
Brazil stop the development of nuclear energy, which has caused it so many
international problems, nor can it suspend the Proalcohol program, which is an "
inflationary program but one which will mean future reduction of the foreign
debt when a suhstitute for oil IG developed.
It Brazil plans to increase or at least maintain its growth rate of 8.5 percent
and Argentina pegins, as is expected, a new phase of regional development and -
~ moves to bolster national industry (Brazil producer 80 percent of what it
c:onsumes), then from an economic standpoint Uruguay, with a free trade zone with
Argentina or gradual rapprochement with Brazil, which does not appear feasible,
wi11 have to reconsider an overall policy in which development based on national
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or binational projects will necessarily take precedence. Using real practical
sense, Uruguay believes that there are two basic economic activities with a
broad future: tourism and maritime industry. Efficient agricultural development
. and the selection of industries in which its specialization would be carried to
completion are th.e appropriate features of an all-inclusive economic policy that
is possible in the orderly context in which it exists.
The LAIA includes huge countries as well as smaller, key countries. The S-day
war between Peru and Ecuador demonstrates the importance, due to the highway
system, of the latter country for Andean Group members and their necessary
inte~communication.
For many reasons, Uruguay has a stabilizing effect on the f luid character of
I'late River problems. TtLe interconnection of Latin American countries is a
reality which takes precedence over the f~~rmal establishment of integration
~hrough agreements or associations, but their necessary harmony depends on the
latter, as does whether or not their peoples reap or forfeit the benef its.
COPYRIGHT: LA OPINION, i981
11915
CSO: 3010/1036
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COUNTRY SECTION BRAZII.
COLtJMNIST SEES BOMBINGS THREATENING PRESIDENT'S POWER
PY101931 Rio de Janeiro LATIN AMERICA DAILY POST in English 9 May 81 p 5
[Special to the DAILY POST by Herbert Zschech]
[Text] Rio de Janeiro--The political climate in Brazil, most especially in
Brasi.lia, in the last few days was the gloomiest poesible, loaded with
tensions, and recalling the atmosphere which preceded in 1968 the f ifth
institutional act imposing on the nation an authoritarian regime that
lasted more than 10 years, burying the democratiic aims and expectations
linked to the revolution of 1964. These aims and expectations now
- revived by President Figueiredo's democratic opening became suddenly
endangered last week, not so much by the explosion of two terrorist bombs
in Rio but by the suspected background of these acts and the highly suspect
circumstances involving them.
Acts of terrorism, starting shortly after the beginn~ng of Figueiredo's
political op ening, reached a clima.x last year when a letter bomb addressed
to bhe president of the Brazilian Bar Association in R3o exploded in the
hands of an innocent secretary, killing her. Nationwide indignation apparent-
ly provoked an interruption of the series of terrorist acts, but in recent
wee.ks, they h ave reappeared in various parts of Brazil. Bombs exploded at
newsstands selling leftist publications, and at the homes of left-leaning
()l)1 L C ~ C ~8I1S .
As all of these acts were dir�cted against persons, newspapers and institu-
tions professing liberal and in some cases pro-co~unist opinions, the
conclusion was obvious: that they wexe perpetrated by right-wingers.
Investigations by the police and national security services including the
military have led to an arrest in only one of the bombings, *hat which
exploded at the bar association. The suspecC is awaiting trial.
Now, the problem is assuming ar. entirely new direction. An army captain,
Wilson Machado, is so far surviving the explosion of a bomb in his car
which killed an army sergeant, Gu3lherme Pereira, who was with him.
, Whatever the part played by these Cwo military men, interrogation of the
survivor in any case should provide clues never obtained in previous cases.
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The captain and sergeant involved in the last week's occurrences were carrying -
out what official military sources ca~.led a routine mission on behalf of
military intelligence (DOI-CODI). They occupied a car with a fake license
plane to make its identification difficult, outs3de the Riocentro where about
20,000 people watched a May Day festival organized by a group of popular
~~;.:.sts, some noted for left-leanin~ tendencies.
One bomb exploded during the show in the power house of Riocentro, damaging
the electric installations. Another bomb went off inside the car occupied
by the two military men outside the building, killing the sergeant iimnediately _
and maiming the captain. The latter was rushed first to a nearby dispensary _
and then to Miguel Couto Hospital. Doctora resisted attempts to take him
from there to the Central Army Hospital. The wrecked car was removed by mili-
tary agents even before the arrival of a group of police technicians.
The situation was, and still is, utterly ambiguous and equ~l.vocal. In the
first place, what routine mission, as it was called, had secret army agents
to fulf ill at a popular fete without major political connotations and mainly
consisting of samba singing? Military authorities said the secret military
services used to survey and watch whatever is going on within their region.
'i'tiis revelation surprised many people who had believed that with the restora-
tion of democracy, even though within the still narrow limits so far allowed,
tlie military had been sent back to the barracks, to take care of strictly
professional duties, not participating any more in activities which at best
should be restricted to the civil police, such as prevention of possible
disorders or incidents always possible at a mass gathering.
1`hen, how come the bo~b to be inside the car occupied by the two officers?
Witnesses affirm that they had been in the car at least half an hour before _
the explosion occurred, It was evident from the first moment that the bomb
exploded in the wrong place at the wrong moment. The fir~t official military
comminques--from the commander of the first army Gen, Gentil Marcondes Filho,
and the Rio security chief, Gen.Waldyr Muniz, sa id the two officers were
' victims of terrorism. This ~ssertion,made even before the start, let alone
any conclusion, of an inquiry was branded as "precipitous" in an emotional
spee~h in the congress by the government leader in the senate, Nilo Coelho.
T}ie senator., his face reddened with emotion, attacked the military authorities
with unusual vehemence, quite unusual especially in the mouth of a government
spokesman. Shortly after he made the speech, a Plana.lto functionary walked
in and demanded a copy of the senator's speech. On this occasion he was
lieard saying, You criticized the army commander and the security chief,
two ~;ener-::i.ls?" in a tone implying that thia was an unheard of audacity and
_ heresy. But the subaltern apparently misunderstood the purpose of his
mi.ssion. Nilo Coelho had a conversation later in the Presidential Palace
with presidential adviser General Golbery and came back affi.rming "If I am
indignant, this is nothing in comparison :aith the indignation P..xpressed in the
Planalto Palace."
The inquiry into the bomb explosions was entrusted to the first army commander,
(;eneral Marcor.des, apparently as a demonstration o� the Planalto's trust in
his .loyalty. This, too, elicited understandable criticiam,
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in a general way, official declarations insisted that the armed forces as a
national institution are not involved, their prestige is not questioned,
whatever might eventually be the outcome of the inquiry.
So, officially, the captain and sergeant are innocent victims of terrorism.
Various hypotheses are possible. They might have found the bomb inside
the Riocentro and taken it to their car for defusing it. This would be a
violation of instructions given in military manual s, and an offense to ~ood
sense. If they had found a bomb, they would have to isolate the spot
itmnediately, also evacuating the hall as there could be more bombs there.
Then they would have to alert security services and call technicians for
defusing the device. They did not do any of this. Or the bomb might have
been put into their car while they were momentarily absent. But according
to witnesses, they did not leave the car during a considerable time prior
to the explosion.
President Figueiredo stated the bombs were destined, as the previous explosions, -
to wreck tt:a political opening, If this be true, and if the authors in this
case, and presumably in previous c;nes, were m313tary, this obviously could
suggest tt-:a worst hypotfieses about lack of military support to the redemo- W
cratization.
Figueiredo in an emotional outburst said not even 2,000 bombs would change _
hi_s determination to go ahead with the political opening. No doubt he means
it. The quesCion remains, however, can he prevail against stron,g anti-liberal
groups possibly situated within the armed for~es? This 3s the reason for the
_ gloomy atmosphere currently reigning in Brasilia and elsewhere, and for the
obstinate silence now observed in all goverrnnent off3ces where questions by
newsmen on the problem are no~ even admitted and brusquely re~ected. _
Some congressmen speak more openly, sometimes to the amazement of their more
~ cautious fellow lawmakers. One example was given Wednesday by Dep. Newton
Cardoso (PP). At the weekly meeting of his moderate party of which Y,e used
t~ be one of the most [passage illegible] stated that Figueiredo ahoc~ld
punish and fire the co~nanders of the first and second armies, Gen, uentil
M~ircondes and Milton Tavares. If not, Figueiredo's regime would fall.
The deputy's speech caused almost a panic among the other deputies or, as
reports piit it, a state of "uneasiness." Reporters who were present were urged
. not to publish what Che deputy had said, but this did not prevent reports
appearing in the papers.
It is generally admitted now in many political circles that Chere exist only
' two alternatives: either Figueiredo smashes any opposition to his democrati-
zation program w3thin the military, in which case the political opening then
may ~.dvance faster as before. Or he cannot make prevail his will against
the military groups, which mark the eventual end of liberal3zation.
CSO: 3001/190
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- COUNTRY SECTION BRA7.IL
BRIEFS
CAPITAL GOODS CREDIT--Sao Paulo (DAILY POST)--Brazil's capital goods industry
will get a$500 million credit line through the Planning Ministry. Not only
that, the ministry has promised t~ie sector--one of Brazil's mos t important--
an e:~change risk guarantee to allow producers to be sure that the exchange
rate used at the time of closing an export contract w311 be the one utilized
when merchandise is shipped. The credit is expected to play a big role in the
- ability of capital equipment manufacturers to meet export contract deadlines
and specifications. [PY300143 Rio de Janeiro LATIN AMERICA DAILY POST
- in English 29 Apr 81 p 7 PY]
EEC SUBSIDY WARNING--Brasilia (DAILY POST)--Brazil's new export subsidy policy
could be foun~ to be contravening the European Economic Co~unity regulations,
the Foreign Ministry has been warn~d. The EEC warning was made recently in
regard to Brazilian exports of soybean oil and meal and cured leather, items
which are shipped in sizeable quantities to EEC countrj.es. ~'h e message was
sent to Itamaraty, Brazil's Foreign Ministry, by Roy Denman, the EEC's chief
foreign a.ffairs off icial. In principal, the EEC does not see any ma~or
problems regarding the new Brazilian export subsidy program although ~enman
did specify that there could be claims made against these particular products.
[Excerpt] [Rio de Janeiro LATIN AMERICA DAILY POST in English 29 Apr 81 p 7 PY]
CSO : 3UU1/190
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COUNTRY ~EGTI~N CUBA
AGTIVITIES OF WESTERN MASS MIDIA. IN CARIBBEAN REPORT~
Ha.vara ~HEMIA in Spanish 3 Apr 81 pp Sa-81
[Article by Ma~ ~o G. d~1 Ciieto : "The Multina.tiot~als of the Media in the ~aribbean"~
[Text~ The strategy employed by imperialism a.gainst the peoples
of the area consists of lies, disinfcrmation and cultvral pene-
tration of the E~glish-speakin~ countries. The CIA is behind the
desta.bilization ca.mpe,igns. Assistance, and vig~orous support, axe
necessary for these neKS ~edia in the area xhich reflect the
aspira,tions for freedom, decolonization and independence on the
paxt of those peoples xho are still under the dominion of coloni-
alism or neocolonialism.
One of the instruments on which imperialism relies in its stra.tegic campa,ign against
the peoples of La,tin America artd. the Caribbean is the propaga,nd.a offensive cu_rrently ~
under way on a large sca,le. In our approach to the subject we shall limit ourselves
to the Caxibbean theater, and xithin tha.t t~aanework devote the greater par.t of our
report to the English-speaking Caribbean peoples.
41e know that the multina,tiona,l companies ~ the U.5. news agencies and. the nexs agen-
cies of vaa~ious Western countries have been intensifying their propaganda xhich is
desi~;ned., among other objectives, to "disinform" the peoples~ as part of their plans
for imperialist penetra.tion. The importance xhich the United State~, Great Britain
_ and the FRG (to cite only a few of the principal countries playing this role) place
on such activities is illustrated by the fact that a~*~roximately 40 ra,dio sta,tions
throughout the xorld received more than $500 million i~1 198o to broadcast subversive `
propaganda.
According to data, presented by a delegation from the Caribbean island of St Lucia �to
a La.tin America.n Journalists' Seminax sponsored by the UPEC ~Union of GS~ban Journ~l-
ists~, it is anticipa,ted that more than $40 nillion xill be distributed. ir_ 1981 .
among the Voice of America (official broadca,sting sta,tion of the U.S. Governmerit), ~
Radio Free Europe, Radio ~ree Liberty, Deutsche Wellen, the BBC and. even Radio
Peicing .
?
Eberyone knoKS that the control o~ the broadcasting med.ia on the La,tin American �
continent has tra,ditiona,lly been in th.e ha.nds of multinationa.ls arxi U.S. news organ-
izations; but in those territories xhere English, F~ench and Dutch axe spoken--and
in the ma.jority of xhich the ties of col.onialis~ F~rope xith the Caribbean are
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still real--it is the BBC of London and other European corporations that axe main-
tair.ing the informa.tion monopoly.
Thie of course does not exclude garticipation by the U.S. nexs, agencies xherever the
imperialist offensive requires it. TI1e important thing ~to stress here~ howev~r, is
the ma.nne.r in w=iich the pr_opaganda of which xe have s~oken functions in the E~glish-
speaking areas o~ the C~xibbean to xhich xe have ma.de reference. Let us take the
example of th~ BEC. I:~ most of the islands of the Caribbean people listen daily to
the nexs trans~itt~C. frc~m Londo:i by the BBC: there are conmentaxies on sports _
events taking ~lace in Great Britain, reviews of the British press~ and weekly pro-
_ grams (one o~ them broadcast daily ~sic]). St Lucia affords proof of this intense
. radio effort dir.ecte~ fro~r: abroad fo~^ +he pur_r~vse of imperialist penetration~ be it
+ c:ultural, economic, social or political pen~tration. The island has txo radio
~ stations which daily t~ansmit six BBC nexsc;ssts whicn include commentaries folloxing
= the news. Thes~ commentaries follox t,he official line of the Iiritish Government '
x ith respect te xorld events--a Iine xhich naturally d.aes not always coincide with
reality. .
- Ideo].ogically, these commentaries axe slanted towt~.rd a defense of the capitalist
system, although the messa.ge is some+,imes couched in expressions of a seemingly
democratic or progressive content. The BBC's weekly programs always ca,rry their
anti-Soviet, ~.ntisocialis-~, anti-Cuba,n~ pro-NATO and anti-Warsaw Fa.ct poison
bstween the lines, so to speak. In short, these programs customarily emphasize to -
~ the listener the allegedly negative aspects of the socialist countries and attempt
to give the impression that it is the Soviet Union xhich is promoting xorld ten-
sions~ where~,s the United States is portrayed as a country Khich is fighting for
just causes.
'i'he people axe zven being "disinforned" xith respect to the potential dangers af -
U.S. militdry activity in the regior.--dangers which occ~siona.lly take on a threaten-
~ ing and even a,ggressive charactEr. An attempt is ~eing made to impose on the -
English-speaking p~oples c~ the Ca.r~bbean a vision of thp world's liberation move-
ments xhich is entirely nega,tive.
7
The comba.tant.s fighting the geno~idal regirnes of El Salvador az~d G~iatema,la (to cite -
onlV two territories near the Caribbean axea) are called "terrorists" and fanatical ,
~ elements pledged to subvert the system by violence--by droxning the tko countries
in blood.
~ Despite the access it enjofs to the loca.l media in the English-speaking areas of
the Caribbea:~~ the BBC almost never reflects what is really happening tr. those _
areas. When something is heard. about the region it usually concerns a natural dis-
aster~ a sensa~ional event or an election. In th~ latter case, for example, the
nexs coverag~ ha,s been grza~ly at vaxiance xith reality. On the eve of the general
~ election in 5t I,ucia the London station said the proimper9.alist regime of Pr~me
Minister Compton would be returned to poxer xith a slight reduction in its paxlia-
mentary majority, whereas the re~ult of the voting was precisely the opposites
Compton was dei eated in a lands]_ide.
_ It is not only the BBC~ however, that has conducted imperialist propaganda in
. recent yeaxs. This groking activity ha.s also been underta.ken by REUTERS, the VOA,
Deutsche Wellen and the United States Information Service, known today as the
` International Communications Agency (IC~).
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The pr3.ncipa,l channel through xhich the VOA~ Deutsche Wellen and RE[TTERS operate is
Radio Antillas, a powerful German corporation rrhich transmits from another Carib-
bean island: Montaerrat, a.British colony. Rad,io Antillas uses a 250, 000-xatt
transmitter and bmadcasts in Eh~iish~ F`rench and $pa,ni.sh. It can be ~uned in
everywhere in the Caribbean, all along the entire island chain from Jamaica in the
north to Z`rinidad and Tobago and Guyana in the s~uth.
The nexs services of Radio Antillas ha.ve correspondents on all the islands and many
of its nexs iteas are therefore of a regional chara.cter. In this connection there
_ is al.so the significa,nt fact that news can bE heard on its frequencies before it is
presented by the local radio stations and nexspapers~ Kith the result that Radio
Antillas has a laxge radio audience in the area. It ~,lso happens that most of the
= correspondents who Nork for Radio Antillas loca,lly are neKSmen xho describe them�-
selves as "objective"--who axe preswned to be "apolitical"--and the news they xrite
up in the reports they send to Radio Antillas come f~om progressi`e sources only on
_ very .r.are oc~asions.
A tremendous flow of news comes, on the other handi from reactionary circles that
axe in tune with the imperialist message. The mechanism of the nexs operations,
a~d of the commentaries, functions in the folloxing xay. REUTFRS' articles, for
example, ax~ sent every day to R~dio Antillas by Telex ar~d. are repeated several
times a day over that station and other stations. An agreement signed. with the
CARIBBEAN NEWS AGENCY ( CANA ) ena:bles RE[7TERS to channe.l its news to all the nexs-
papers on the English-speaking isls.nds of the ^aribbean. Qne should also en~pha-
size at this 3uncture that it is n~t difficult to detect--behind this news apparatus
which is designed to promote imperialist propaganda--the presence of the CIA.
Rad.io Antillas and the G~rman corporation Dentsche Wellen; the VOA; and the nBC axe
on the pa.yroll of the Unit~d States and axe completely open to the manipulations of
the Central Intelligence~Agency, Washington's sinister instrwnent xhose aim is to
_ repress or obstruct--at any cost--the libexat3.on movements of the peoples by git-ing
- support to the dic�atorial regimes.
As for the CANA, it can be said that although it ha.d its origin in concepts progosed
- at the governmental level by the member nations of CARI(70M (an organization which
incidentally is in a state of crisis) it has movad from the public sector to thf
private sector. The private entrepreneurs have alxays believed that the CANA should
not be an official-type vehicle of coalition but rather an instrument in p.rivate
- hands. The stoc;k ~raxes of CANA are distributed in such a xay that the private
sector controls 56 percent and the publlc sector 44 pereent, so that the entrepre-
neurs Yzave greater decision-making poxers. A wajority of the shaxeholders axe the
oxners of the most influential nexspapers in the English-speaking part of the Caxit-
- bean, ba,sed respectively in Trinidad, Barbados and Jama,icar the TRIIIIDAD EXPRESS
- and TRIrTIDAD GUARDIAN; the ADVOCATE NEWS; and the DAILY GLEANER.
tt .is common knowledge that the DAILY GLEANER of Ja,roaica xas a poxerful propa,ganda
: factor in the election campaign that resnlted in victory for the candidate of the
opposition~ Ddxa.rd Seaga, over Manley.
Disinforma.tion, lies and. intrigue are prevalent 3n the nexs and commentaxies appear-
ing in the radio broadcasts and printed columns of large segment of the news media
xhich are under the control of the reacti~anax~y sectors of English-speaking countries
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of the C~.ribbean. In this respect they follox the line of TIME and NEW5WEEK, U.S.
" weeklies to xhich they are subservient. A good exa~ple of xhat has happened 3.n the
case of Time took place in St Lucia shortly after the election defeat of Compton. -
TIME published an article that described the Caribbean as "tr.e fourth hot spot of -
the world." The same axticle state~~ that Cuba xas fomenting revolution in the
English-speaking paxt of the Caribbean. It also declared that there ~`~re "approxi-
ma.tel.y a dozen" Cuban a.dvisers in St Lucia and said the government xhich had just -
taken power was "Masxist." Forces of the defeated. opposition used this as a slogan
- to allege that the government "xas heading toxard communism," but the people of St
Lucia were soon able to verify that it was a delibera.te lie. On another oceasion~
_ the editor of an influential U.S. naval publica,tion--JANE'S FIGHTING SHIP5--said in
an interview broadcast over Radio Antillas that there were "Cuban advisers and
equipment" on St Lucia. The interviewee--a na.val officer, Capt John Moore--de-
clared that he had seen the Cuba.ns and the equiprnent. No snch equipment existed,
~ of cuuxse, and the officials of the government of St ~ucia themselves said they had
never sePn Captain Moore. Moreover, no evidence was discovered as to how he had �
arrived in~ or departed from, the country. C.apta.in Moore insisted that St Lucia
~ and Barba,dos are strategic points which the U.S. Army has in the area, for the
reason that they axe very close to the Panama Ca.nal axid to the routes which the
U.S. ships ~ould use in any militasy exercise or man~uver.
The 3efeat of Ma,nley in Jamaica--a geographic territory important because of its
size and location in the Caxibbean--~has helped to cre3te a climate propitious for
intensifying the reactionary ca.mpaigns against peoples such as the people of
Greria.da~ who took the path to a genuine peopl~'s democracy at the time of their
victorious revolution of 13 rsarch 1979~ ~~a's fraternal aid to Grenada in the
areas of construction a?~d public health has reactivated the anticommunist routine.
Grer~a.da has been the ob~ect of repeated aggression on the part of the forces ~f
reaction, resulting in savage attacks against the people and their leaders. The _
reactiona.ry daily nekspa.per THE TORCHLIGHT ~ras closed by the governtnent of Prime -
Minister Maurice Bishop beca.use it had shamelessly been encouraging efforts to _
subvert the Grenada people's government. The broadcasting station installed in
Barbados by the aforementioned. FRG consortium is continuing its destabilization
campaign against the govErnment of the fraternal Caribbean people xho axe valiantly
defendin~ their conquests.
As we said at the outset of this brief approach to the sub3ect~ the St Lucian dele-
gation at the I,atin American Journalists' 5eminar organized by the UPEC exposed the =
low level of professional competence in the region, and it Kas ~mphasized that the
high l.eve:~ of irnperialist penetration is quite appaxent. There is no doubt that
these peoples of' the Caribbean need the help of the progressive press more and more -
each day, together with the strongest possible support for their publications, '
whieh today r.eflect the aspirations for freedom, decolonialization and independence
on the past of those countries of the axea which are still under the dominion of
coloni.alism or neocolonialism.
' COPYRIGHT: ~OHEM!TA 1981
10992
cso: 3oio/12o8
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COUNTRY SEGTION CUBA _
t~ALTH, CLiLTURE DEVEIAPMENTS IN LAS TUNAS PROVINCE
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 3 Apr 81 pp 8-il
_ rArticle by Andres Rodrigu~zs "In What Order Are the Six Ranked?"~
~ [Tex-t~ Prelimina.ries '
"We shall continue to systomatize c~ur tours; you can expect the third tour in the
fir.st quarter of this year~" we said when xe published the account of the second
trip in the "Bohemia Economica" section on 6 February. This third tour of the six
sugax municip~lities of I~as Tuna,s F'rovince--the province that is striving to be
the site of the celebration of 26 July 1981--has just been completeci.
We axe accordingly continu~.ng this nECessary and useful process of examining the
socioeconomic conditions of a province xhose cane graxing potential is so great
a that its six sugar mills axe capa.ble of awalloxing--without suffe~ing indigestion--
Ti al~aost 5 million arrobas [i a.rroba, equa.ls approzima,tely 25 pounds] of suga,rc~.ne per
� day, xhich is the equi~valent in Pinar del Rio of a little more than 3 days' pr~duc-
tion w ith all of the sugar mills in that province grinding at the limit of their
i.nstalled capacity.
In i;he grevious article xe also said it xas inpossible~ at that time to establ3.sh-- ~
xith the objectivity necessary for a comparative analysis--the order irx xhich these
six municiFa,lities ranked fmm the ata,r~d.point of their curr~nt socioecoaomic situa-
tion~ although xe did of course offer some opinions in this regard with a view to
their subsequent corrobora.tion.
~ The survey we made on this third trip--aga,in, municipality by munteipality but this
time yielding more information--provided us, xe believe, xith the necessary elements
to establish the order of rank.
Puerto Padr~ Is the "Teofilo Ste~enson"
We m~ntioned it befor_e, and xe emphasize it nows the fact that Puerto Pardre is the
absolute mona.rch among the six m~:nicipalities. It is a kind of "Stevenson" who~e -
fra.ternal adversaxi~s axe left rathex fax behind xhen the hour of cor~'.rontation
arrives. Pue~to Padre's current lead i~ so ovenrh~lming that one can say-,preci~ely
with the intention of not overxhelming the reader--that it has more hotels than its
iive sister municipa.lities combined and that i�, has aiore centers for public servic~
than Ma.nati, Menendez and Jobabo, also combined.
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The reader can appreciate this situa.tion if he will t,ake a moment to look at the
table entitled, "A Compaxison of the 51x. Public Health and Culture."
A Compaxison of the Six
A~ Public F~ealth and Culture
Doctors Houses
Infant per of Book- Art
i4unicipa.lity mortality ca ita, Cinemas Libraries Culture stores ~alleries
Jobabo 20.6 1/s, 000 1 1 1 1 None _
Mana.ti 25�9 1/2,200 2 None None 1 ~ione
J. '~enendez 26.8 1~4,z66 1 1 1 1 None
Aman~io Rguez. 30.4 0.4~1 ~ 000 2 1 1 1 None
Colombia 32.7 1~2,414 1 1 1 1 None
Puerto Pa.dre 14. 5 1/1, 585 5 3 z ~ i
B, The only municipa.lities that have radiobroadcasting stations axs Puerto Padr~
and Amancio Rodriguez.
C~ Have museumss Puerto Pa,dre and Colombia.
D, Have stores that sell cultural goods: Ylzerto Padre aru3 Manati.
Puerto Pa.dre's supremacy mu~t of conrse be viexed in the context of the province as
a whole, and S.t should moreover not be idealized. Puerto ~dre has a 170-bed
hospital and is build~ng others that will have j20 becis, but it has no funera.l home~
_ has lost sev~eral important medical specialties, and has come noxhere near exploiting
, i;he potenti al o.f its btaches on the north ~oa.st. Moreover, ~ven though it ha.s the
most doctors per inhabita,nt, thi~ specific indica,tar is noxhere near the na.tio:~al
avera,ge ,
In�termediate Bracket ~
_ After Ftierto Padre there follows a icind of intermediate bracket which is in practice
shared by the municiga,lities of Colombia att3. Amancio Rodriguez.
~
- "Did you ~ay Amancio?" one migh~ ask.
y Yes~ indeed. None other tha.~i Amancio.
Tt is time to lift from this municipality of southern Laa Tunas Province the burden
of i-ts unhappy reputation and t~ee it once and for all from the Ma,condo legend--a
legend. which was �true in its day but which the municipa,lity has grad.ua.lly outgrown.
Amancio has by now rejuvana.ted. its image in resp~ct to communications, transporta-
tiors, cvltural activities~ recreations arui an a~3.~itiona.l group of social activities
wliich has for same time been stalled virtually on zero.
A case in pc~ints of the six municipalities Amaneio is the one xith the most centers
for public service. I�t has, for exaiaple, more barbershops than Mana,ti, Menendez and
,Jobabo put together.
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As a result, the land where labor leader Amancio Rodriguez freely gave his blood
has ceased to be the most backward in the province and has overtaken other munici-
palities xhich ha.ve nox fallen behirbd it.
Although its image has been rejuvena.ted in respect t,o a number of ac�tivities, it - -
naturally retains some old blemishes in other respects such as housing, t~ cite one !
concrete example. The climate is dif'ferent, however; it is no longer the climate
that prevailed. in Ma.corxio . -
' Colombia,--the other municipa,lity which we classified in the intermediate bracket -
(and xhich is engaged in a permanent contest xith Guaimasro, of the neighboring
province of Camaguey, in response to Gua.imaaro's challenge) is about at the sa.me
sta.ge as Ama.ncio although it is not moving forwazd at the saiae rate as Amancio ha,s
demonstrated.~ perhaps because the la,tter sta,rted vi.rtually fram scratch~
Some strange contrasts axe still appaxent in Colorabia. For exampla, although it is
second only to Puerto Padre in terms of hospital personnel per capita it has the
highest infant mortality rate of the six municipalities.
- A loud outcry can be heaxd in this southern municipality, however. "Open E1
Ha,banerol" is the entreaty you heax on all sides, and not 3ust in the streets but
xesponsibly, in the vaxious electoral districts of the People's Government. ~
One elec~tor in paxticular--Vicente MEdina, Egidio--explained the situation to us. E1
Ha,banero--Colombia's only beach--xa,s in operation until the oaxly 197o's~ but since
then it ha.s been neglected to the extent that tod.a.y it resembles a ghost town of the
Old West~ while the road leading to the beach has naturally also deteriorated ~;o th~
point that it has become impassible.
The local population wants E1 Haba,nero to be opened ~g~,in--~h~,t "place so much
enjoyed by our people~" as elector Edencio Casas Perez s~ated. in his district. Ma,ny
electors are requesting that the access roa,d be repaired ~or them, after ~rhich they
- themselves xould take care--Hith the necessary ma,terial a,saistance--of r~storing the
installations of the beach.
We shall continue to report on this matter, and let us hopd the restoration xill
take pla.ce soon.
The La,~;~axd Bracket
_ Next after Amancio ard Colombia--aa~. at a distance which has been increasing--come
the three most "laggaxci" municipa,Iities of the province~ Mana.ti, Jobabo and Jesus
M~nend.ez.
In our opinion, based on the information compiled and on our contact xith reality,
these three municipa.lities are vir~ua,lly tie3 in respect ~to the prevailing economic
conditions.
To put it succinctly~ this triacl is facing serious problems in the axeas of hous-
ing, transportation, medical persannel~ culture, recreation and coramunity services.
They have the fewest centers for public service~ and. none of them has a hotel.
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The foregoing does not mean that everything is a wasteland, nor any~hing like it.
Sites are being reha.bilitat~d, and new developmeret ha,s tak~n place~ but it is here--
- in this la~gard bra,cket--where there has been the greatest accumul.atioii of probletos
~.nd xhere grea~er emphasis must, be placed.
Conclusion cf the Thi~i Tour
We ha,ve concluded this third to~ of the sugar municiga,lit,ies ~~f Ias Tuna.s Province.
~ We centered ~ur attention on determining the position cur.rently occupied by each of
these munici~alities in respect ~o their social and economic conditions--and especi-
ally tne social oonditi~ns, because of thea.r obvious repercussions on economic
~ developmen~Eo
We propo~e to carry out uur fourth trip in the third quarter of this yeax, counting
, (as a.l~~ays ) on the xonderful hcspitality of La.s Tunas. Au revoir, and may "every-
- thing flow o~1," a,s the Gree?c philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus xould say.
In Clcsing
We received one complaint. The corarades of Majibacoa Municipa.lity asked why BOHEMIA.
~~CONOMICA ra.d ne;rer visited them, although they too are sugar producers and already
have a sugaxcane enterprise which should be capable of supplying the nex sugar mill
that is scheduled, for construction in the grovinee--and specifically in Ma.jibacoa.
The~.r complaint is fair and is legitima.te. We have forgotten that Ma~ibacoa is
already a cane-growing municipa,lity, and that xithin a specified, period of time it
will be producing sugar. We pledge, hoaever, that our oversight will be corrected.
on the fourth tour.
Six Details Concerning the Six Municipa,lities
1. The sma.llest of the six municipa,lities (Jesus Menendez) is, however, the one
xhich has the greatest population density (99�6 inhabitants per squexe kilometer),
and also the one which has the greatest concentration of inhabita.nts in the rural
areas .
2. In the six municipa,lities, the male population is greater than the female popu-
lation.
3. Jobabo has a band that lacks instruments.
4. Amancio Rodriguez now has more ba.rber shops than Manati, Menend.ez and Jobabo
combined.
5. Manati is the most laggard. of the six municipe,lities in respect to creation of
the module of cultural installations.
_ 6. Whereas three of the municipa.lities have a larger rural population than urban
(Joba.bo, Ma,na,ti and Menendez the situa,tion is the reverse in the other three
(Puerto Pa,dre, Ama.ncio Rodriguez and Colombia~.
G~DPYRIG}iT : BOFiEMIA 19~1
i o992
CSO~ 3010/1208
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COiJN'1'RY SECTION CUBA
. NEW WACE REFORM EFFECTS IN CONSTRUCTION FIELD NOTED
Havana BO~IErffA in Spanish 27 Mar 81 p 32
[Article by Cloria Marsan: "In the Field of Labor and Wages"]
[Text] The organization of work is based on the principle of growth in work pro-
ductivity indexes in relation to the increase in the average wage, the only econo-
- mic possibility of expanding the wealth of society.
Consequently~ the methods of organizing work and wages should lead to the develop-
ment of production and productivity, reduced costs, guaranteed quality of products,
work safety and hygiene and the participation of workers in the government's eco-
nomic policy~ They should also lead to the institution and consolidation of the
strictest possible work discipline, an indispensable requirement for achieving
these objectives~
The Ministry of Construction has been gradually working to achieve the basic organ-
~ ization of work which will realtstically deploy the activitq in keeping with the
development of productive forces. For example, we see the following among the
main guidelines to be followed by the Directorate of Labor and Wages:
Completing application of the General Wage Reform and continuing to establish
forms of payment based on output and bonuses in the ministry's system; improving
the organization of work in the enterprise system, placing special emphasis on
the orRanization of the labor forces into specialized crews and the grouping of
workers in construction and assembly; ensuring increased productivity and seeing
that the productivity growth index is always higher than that of the average wage;
and taking measures aimed at achieving full use of labor resources and their proper
employment, evaluation and supervision.
In order to continue developing these aspects, the ministry has as one of its cen-
tral tasks the expansion of the application and improvement of the different sys-
tems o.f payment based on output, especially the wage by agreement applied in the
c~mp].etion of projects, where the labor force is simultaneously organized into
cr.ews.
('ay~~?ent b~sed on output has already been applied to 114,000 workers, representing
a rate oE compliance of 103 percent in this branch last year and 46 percent of all
workers under the ministry. NeveY�theless, it is important that certain provinces
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make progress along these lines, among them Matanzas, which had a rate of only ~
38 percent; Sancti Spiritus, 39 percent; Ciego Avila (entire enterprise), 41 per-
c~ent; and Guantanamo, 42 percent.
The wage by agreement has been applied to 67,50d workers and an average monthly ~
~rowth rate of 8,100 workers incorporated has been maintained. However, Ciego de
Avila, rtatanzas, Sancti Spiritus, Cienfuegos, Pinar del Rio and Moa have poor
application of the system.
At the end of last year, 114,000 workers were receiving the benefits of the Genera~ _
Wage Keform and another 28,000 were being approved by the provincial committees.
Outstanding efforts were made by the provinces of Santiago de Cuba, Camaguey and
Havana, which applied it to 100 percent of their workers, with the exception of the
projects and supplies enterprises, not authorized to use it until next year.
Regarding productivity, we can see that last year, it rose 6 percent and compared
witli the plan, the average wage rose 2 percent.
Some 7,440 specia].ized crews have been organized with 80,300 workers, achieving a
rate of 106 percent. Inexplicably, Matanzas is among the lagging provinces, a
surprising observation because it was the Matanzas workers who were the pioneers
in this work. It was precisely on the Jaguey Grande Bay of Pigs Victory citrus
operation th3t the specialized crews were born. Furthermore, it was the Yumarinos
who were the first to use them on engineering construction works.
We are confident that the Matarizas people will soon turn this situation araund.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
11,464
CSO: 3010/1194 ~ ~
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIVING I:~NDITIONS IN MOA NOTED
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 27 Mar 81 p 35
[Article by Alberto Pozo: "Ninth Reply"]
[Texi:] Thi~ "Opinions" columr~ ~hould actually be carried by our colleague Pablo
Velazco, editor of EL NIQUEL, the Pedro Sotto Alba Plant newspaper in Moa, biit
inasmuch as it is actually the ninth reply concerning the camp aign which both of
- our publications are waging to improve living conditions in the laterite belt of
northern Holguin and inasmuch as it has always be'en published in this column so
~s to respect the readers' acquired habit, we yield our space to our fraternal
cnlleague.
In a report from the Executive Committee of the People's Government in Moa to the
voters we repeat, the person talking now is Pablo Velazco it is stated that
work is underway to improve the supply of wat~r, which is now a scarce commodity,
especially in the new buildings. And. yet, the problem will not be totally solved
until 1985, with the startup of the new purification plants. Tt should be added
that the hydrology crew ig doing serious work to correct the breakdowns of recent
years because the rESOUrces received are far below needs.
On the other hand, there has been an improvement in the garbage collection service.
Several. factors have played a role: the emulation of the CDR's [Committees for
the De�ense of the Revolution); the integration of workers in the sector; the
repair of vehicles and the arrival of a new one. In adc~ition, the earthwork is
already underway at the new dump in the Centeno area.
There is very good news from the culture sector: The nation's expanded budget
lias been received,. Musical groups from the eastern provinces, even Camaguey,
have begun to arr~ve. In recent weeks, the groupa left because they were not paid
their per diem allowance. In the case of the only party organized for Valentine's
Day, it was cancelled because of insufficient funds. In the future, because of
_ the new budget, no such economic reasons will be able to be alleged,
n~r~~atly, work in Moa's cultural sector has been systematically in~dequate and
there has been no concern for fostering local fans. The work of the Cultural
Center. specifically has been so poor that its director was rep laced. Now, with
the change in command, work is going better, but there is the logical difficulty
that becauge of. the lack of cultural habits, the public does not respond. The
people's trust must be won over.
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c:~~ncQrnin~; sports, we could say that plana are being made, but in practice, the -
res~:lts do not compensate for the efforts made. In day-care centers, after two
directors were replaced, work is going b etter. -
Work is being done to improve the living conditiona of teachers~ Logically enough,
they fall in love and marry within the group, but they have nowhere to live because
_ the dormitories are filled to capacity. A solution is bei~ig sought.
Education has received speci�ic orders not to accept centers that are not totally
finished because in the past, this has caused logical deficienciP~. Work on the
Moa preuniversity is f inished, a set of buildings that will benefit the educational -
system here. In Las Coloradas, one of our growing districts, sfx classrooms of the
new ESBU (urban basic secondary school) are already finir~hed. The initiation of
anottier ESBU with 1,200 students had been pastponedo Th~ situation was reconsidered
and wark began this year.
~ C:uncerning piiblic henlth, air conditioning units have been installed in the
~;eneral medical clinic. In the Rolo Monterrey development, two houses have been
air cor_ditioned so that the blood bank and the microbiology a.aboratory may be in-
stalled. They will open their doors in April. The Moa hospital is receiving
general repairs and new rooms will be built, adding another 40 beds to make a total
. of 140. Finally, construction of a new hospital will begin this year, in answer
to the people':; hopes. It will have a capacity of 300 beds and should be finished
by 1986. ~
- As the reader r.an see, we are making progress in Moa. We believe that just as we
won the battle of. productive emulation in Nicaro, we shall also be victorious in
improving living conditions. What will our colleague Alexis Rojas of Nicaro~s
newspaper CARONI reply?
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
11,4(~4 =
cso: 3010/1194 ,
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
SUCCESS IN SUGARCANE PRODU~TION IN VILLA CLARA NOTED
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 27 Mar 81 pp 36-39
[Article by Andres Rodriguez: "Like Espronceda's Sailboat?"]
[Text] It is not easy, in real 1ife, to have "wind abaft and full sail~" like
the boat in the we11-known "Cancion del Pirata" by Spanish poet Espronceda. Lyric
imaginatio:i is one thing; objective reality another. And yet~ after visiting at
length the heavy black soil of two sugarcane enterprises (Hpctor Rodriguez and
Antonio Finalet) on the northern .coast of Villa Clara Province, the visitor comes
to the conclusion that things are going well, independently of the fact that they
could always go 3etter.
It would appear that one natural factor; climate, has been a positive element in
this already tangible sugarcane ?-ecovery, because the truth is that when it rains
hard on those b lack soils, which are genetically labeled as montmorilZoniticos
even the pronunciation is difficult it is very difficult to work them. However
it is equally true that the sub~ective factor very wisely abandoned the tactic of
fighting it out with the mud and turned to other extremely rational tactics in
order to face the difficulties o~ the soil and take advantage of its renowned
fertility.
A rational tactic in this direction consists of the placing of seed in banks or
nurseries, a technology for soil ~oith poor drainage satisfactorily applied in
other p