JPRS ID: 9666 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300100029-6
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 29
• Content Type: REPORTS

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J?RS L/9666
, 15 April 1981 ~
_ La~~ ~ .
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FB1~ FOREIGN BROADGAST INFORMATION SERVICE ~
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- ;lPRS L/9666
15 April 1981
~ATI(~ AMERICA REPORT
' (FOU~ ~9/~1)
COh1TENTS
IISTERGY ECONQNBCS
i CiJBA
~ Solar Energy Depa-rtment 3~eports on Deve?opments, Pros~ects
- (Boreal Leon Perez; BO~A, 27 Feb 81) 1
' ~OUNTRY SECTION
CUBA
Blas Roca Comments on Fifth Yeax of ConGtituti~n
~ (Blas Roca; BOHENIIA, 20 Feb 81) 5
~ Roca Ccm~ments on First 5 Years of Soaialist Constitution
(~las Roca Interview; BOHENaA, 27 Feb 81.) 7
Bulgarian Communist Party Of`ficial Interviewed
' (Alexan3er Lilav Intervie~r; BO~A, 20 Feb 81) 10
INDER 20th .A.nniversary ~].ose3 b,y Pedro Miret
(BOH~MCA, 27 Feb 81)
SDPE, Intersectorel Relations Discussed
(Raul Lazo; BOHEMIA, 6 Mar 81) ................................e. 16
Roundtable Disc~sses New Salary Ref~rms
(Magda Martinez; BOHENIIA, 20 Feb 83.) 23
Palletizs.tion Seen as Way To Improve Port Activities
' (Gregorio Hernandez; BO'rIEM2A, 27 Feb 81) .......................0 30
Granma Province Sugar Mills Report January Yield Figures
(Andres Rodriguez; BOHEMIA 27 I~'eb 81) 32
-a- - [III -LA-19:4FOU0]
r. nn nr.-..~� � TQn nwrr v
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ENE'~RGY ECONOMICS CUBA
_ ~SOLAR ENERGY. DEPA.~tTMENT REPORTS UN DEVELOPMENTS, FROSPECTS
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 27 Feb 81 pp 90-91
_ [Article by Bcreal Leon Perez: "The Use of Solar Energy in Cuba"]
- [TextJ In recent decades, a universal awareness has been developing about the
future of the traditianal sources of energy and nowadays it is even predicted
~ that the ir depletion ia imminent.
_ Energy has becoa~e the priiaary strategic factor in the life of any nation and -
because of that aware~ess the question of new s~ource~ of energy is beginning
to be conaidered in the context of the energy problem. -
What is meant by new forma of energy?
, That term tends to regroup a combination of techniques, different from one another
bnt all directed toward the ~xpl.oitation of well-known forms of energy and
generall~? related to the energy emitted by the sun through relatively neda methods ~
and ~rocedures. -
, ,
_ Some of these methods are completely new, as is the case of photocells, which
utilize a physical phenomenon--the photovoltaic effect~--not exploited until now
and which requires new t~chniQuea and n. '-erl.ale . Other methods, such as wind -
machines have a long history because man has been utilizing the wind to perform
work fo r many hundreda of yeara. The new forms of energy get their name above -
_ all ~ecause of man's new attituda toward them and because of the -ro dern methods
being developed to utilize them.
Neverthelese, these new disciplines have their common denominator, a unifying
. element, and are defined by means of a baeie concept, which is solflr energy.
- Until the victory ot our revolution, the deve~lopment of rese~rch on the utiliza-
tiori of natural resources in general wae literally nil; much less was the
_ utiliza tion of solar energy, in particular. The use of solar radiation was
limited either to heating with solar collectors of very low efficiency installed
in a few bourgeois homes or to pumping water through the use of some windmills
in the rural areas.
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The development of a nation~l awarenesa for the defense of and the beneficial
exploitation of our resources was born with the rew lution.
IE~ Jar..,.ti:.y 1976, through tl-.e direct action of the member of the Politburo of
our party Central Cummittee, Comrade Pedro Miret, the Solar Energy Department
attach~d to the Basic Technical Research Institute of the Cuban Academy of Science
was founded.
- The lines of research now being ~onducted in the department are precisely those
capable of responding to our specific primary needs, taking into account the
_ physical-geographic characteristios of our country.
Cuba is ~ituated in ~he tropical zone of the earth very close to the Tropic of
Cancer. The Cuban Archipelago is exposed to an average of 7.1 hours af sunlight
per daye The average overall solar radiation is approximately 400 calories per
square centimeter p2r day. In a single day, approximately 100 kWh of ener~y from
the sun reach our country, which is equivalent to the production of two hundred
500-kw electric power plants. Cuba is within a belt that receives a very
high annual solar radiation (5 kWh per square meter). The solar radiation that
falls on our country has spec.ial characteristics, ranging from a little more
t h a n 4 kWh per s quare meter on the Isle ~f Youth to a~ittle mpre than 5 kWh
per square meter in the eastern provinces.
Other indirect conseQuences of solar radia~i~*! are the system of winds that affect
our country. The probability that there are zones in Cuba with wind-power
- conditions from m3.nimum to favorable can be distributed with considerable
uniformity across almost the whole archipelago.
Because of its insular nature, our cot~ntry may have zones difficult of access
from the energy point of view. Wind power can come :.o the aid of these regions.
There is an infinity of keys and small islets around our main island which could
be exploited if theirWa nd~heesocially~usablersurfacetof ourtcountryncouldibe
ge~nerators. In this y,
- significantly increased.
The heating of water is a basic line of development in which notable progress
has been achieved. A solar water heating system consists, first of all, of a
flat solar collector or thermically insulated box with a glass cover inside of
which is a syst~m of inetallic conductors the blacicened and heated surface of which
transmits the energy to the water which circulates inside it; that heated water
emerges from the collector into a storage or thermal tank and from there to
utilization. The tank collector syatem is fed by a cold water source. 'I'he
" method of connection between the collector system is fed by a cold water source.
The method of connection between the collector anri the thermal tank is such that
a natural circulation of t3eSli~~is circulationtcan befestablishedtbytmeansiof
of the liquid. In some ca ,
~ a pump.
In the past few years, various research efforts on solar heaters have been
conducted in our department. They have led to perfecting the design and the
efficiency of these devices as well as to the development of inethods of evaluation
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adapted to our specific conditions. We have alsa developed designs of flat
coll~,.tors for temperaturs above 70 degrees for various industrial uses.
A v~ry intesesting collector design being developed in the department is one called
the cane showex. Tttat heater has the characteristic of serving as a storage tank
~ and collector at the same time due to the large diametei of its conduits. It
makes it possible to quickly heat a large volume of water a* low temperature for
- use during the workday. The deaign is appropriate for agri~ultural camps where
large quantit3es of water are needed at the end of the day for the workers'
washing needs. The design is also rec~~nded for achoola in the countr3* and in
- Pioneer camps.
The socioeconomic advantages of the solar water heater are not debated no�,~adays
and it is one of the solar applications currently m~st widespread in the world.
Another line developed by our department is that connected with th~ design of
devices taith different degrees of concentration of solar light by means of which
it is possible to reach temperatures from 120 to over 1,000 deg;cees Centigrade.
i The pr~totype of a solar hothous~ for cooking and heatfng food has been built. A
-i system of four flat mirrors concentrates the solar light inside it, reaching
temperatures of ~?p te 12Q ~egrees. With a?-h~ur ex~sure, it is gossible to
; cook eggs or heat canned goods. The deaign of a portable parabolic solar cooker
for tourist use has been aeveloped. It has a power of 1.20 kw and aupplies
i temperatures from 140 up to 250 degreea Centigrade at ita focal point.
_ Th~ purification of substances, particularly obtaining drinking water by means
; of solar energy, representa a no less important line o~ research nf our department.
The specific conditions that characterize our country within the geography of the
' re~ion manifest the essential need to utilize its hydrological resources to the
maximum.
~ Our country is comprised of an archipelago of about 1,600 keys an~ islete with
more than 6,000 kilometera of coastlines, with not very extensive river watersheds
and an irregular precipitati.on eyatem which compela us to give thought to increasin~
' our fresh water sources. S~~iar energq can help us through the possibilities
presented by the solar desalination or distillery systems, with obvious economic
and ecological advantages. The aspecta of solar desalination purs~~ed in our group
cover, among others, the study of the form and nature of absorbing dishes for
solar radiation with a view to optimizing the collectior. and transfer of its
energy under favorable economic conditions; the study of the influence exercis`d
by the configuration of the condensing cover in the productivity of the system,
as well as the devplopment of new types of solar desalination devices.
Another problem consid.ered by the Solar Energy Department concerns the development
of systems capable of generating low temperatures by means of solar radiation.
~veryone knows the need the national economy has for these systems to resolve
the requirements for low temperatures in the most diverse types: for the refrigera-
- tion of storage places for farm rroducts; the climate control of homes, as well
as the creation of better working conditions for our workers. It has been
- scientifically demonstrated that there is an in~rease in labor productivity when
temperature conditions are improved in the manufacturing centers because of an
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- increase in the physical and mental capacity of the worl:er, of his well-being
d~aring the workday. On the other hand, the energy savings represented by
substitution of the cl:mate-control, air-conditioning and refrigeration equipmen~t
powered by fossil fuel can represent almost 12 percent of all the energy produced
in the country.
The solar drying of farm products is one torm of research being fully developed,
and is one that is of capital importance to our economy. The solar dryers are
� devices designed essentially in the form of an air heater to which ie att`ched
a drying chamber in which the products to be processed are placed. An experimental
solar dryer that works on the same principle has been designed in our department.
The accompanying photograph shows the north face of t'nE drying chamber on the
- south side of which is attached the air heating system. Circulation of air inside
the dryer can be regulated by the variable opening outlet at the top.
The direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity has an assured future
in solar energy. The powering electronic devices such as receiving equipment is
being fully developed nowadays. Our department is engaged in getting scientific
personnel who will concern themselve~ with developing this important source in
the next few years, one that has innumerable applications in maritime beacor~
systems or for powering refrigerating devices and others.
At the same time, our department collaborates with and advises various national
- institutions and organizations such as the National Tourist Institute (INTUR),
the Steelworking Industry (SIME), the Ministry of Construction (MICONS), the
Ministry of Education (MINED), the Cuban Hydrographic Institute (ICH), the Ministry
� of Transportation (MINTRANS) and others. This connection makes it possible to
put the results of research into practice for its socioeconamic assimilation
The national solar energy seminars have also been systematized; this activity
serves to disseminate and broaden the knowledge of solar energy among an e~ver
larger number af university graduatea with the consequent extension of solar know~
how and elevation of the research level.
On the basis of these lines of work briefly outlined here our department- is
pro~ecting itself toward the future with a broad and intensive diversification of
the solar problem, in accordance with the recommend.ations for scientific-technical
and economic development presented by our party and government.
According to the directives issued by the leadership of our Academy of Sciences,
a stepped-up development of research on the utilization of solar energy is
envisaged during the current 5-year period. This involves the creation of a So1ar
- Energy Institute in Santiago de Cuba the basic ob3ectives of which will be the
research and development of solar equipment and systems, the production of solar
apparatus, the drafting of practical plans of installations, the storage of the
necessary scienti~ic-technical tnformation, the training and constant upgrading
of cadre~, the organization cf scientific events, etc. The Solar Energy Institute
will pursue lines of research such as the heating of liquids and gases, the
desalination of sea and br~ckish water, thermosolar motors, wind machines,
refrigeration and climate-control systems, generation of el ectricity, the
, utilization of the thermo-oceanic gradient, biomasses and solar architecture.
This solar energy panorama can give us some idea of the prospects that are ~pening
up in our country for techniques on the utilization of solar energy.
~ COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA, Y981.
- 8711 ~
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COUNTRY SECTTON
CUBA
BLAS ROCA COI~IENTS ON FIFTFi YFAR OF CONS"PrTUTION
_ ~ flavana BOHEMIA in Spani.eh 20 Feb 83 pp 60-61
[Article by B1ae Roca, member of the Communist Party of Cuba Polit~.cal Bureau
and chairman of the National People'e Government Assembly: "The Fifth Year"] -
~ [Exc~rpt] On 24 February it will be 5 years eisce the e~ocialiat conetitution
_I wh~ch r~~.leg ue was proclaimed effective.
Five yeare is not a long time but in those 5 yeare a new political-administrati.ve -
territorial division of the country was iasti+tLted. Elections were organized ~
and the organ of people's government were electsd: The Municipal, Provincial
and National Assemblies. This meaas tfiat tha resulte of this 5-qear period
with respect to the application of tbe conatitution in its organizational part
has had a 100-percent fulfillmeat of what was acheduled.
In other aspecta, the work of the local bodisa of ehe People's Government and
the National Assembly ha~e fiad positive resulte, in addition to having provided
many lessons. They have improved maaq services and they have begun to take -
administrative coritrol of others.
( The local bodies of the People's Government still lack much to be able to perform
their functioa of local government and adminietration in all it,~ scope. They
I still lack much to be able to use all./local poas~bilities and resources for ~
increasing production; autfiority for which is granted to them in the constitution./
~ [in boldface]. _
i
The old tradition of a central government with all authorit ~s and local govern-
~ ments without any still exists in Cuba. TEiis is what must be overcome so that
~ the constitution may rule in ali aepects and the local governments may be
exercised and respect~d.
In these 5 years, therefore, it has been demonstrated ~hat the People's Gc~vernment
_ is the democratic power par excellence, because it is the people themselves who
gnvern. This meana that it is not a matter of a democracy only becatise of its
form b.ut because of its force as well as, because of its essence. The form:
Universal, direct aad secret vote; nomination of candidates by the voters
themselves. The coastruction of social,ism is being orgenized.
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Its essence: I.t is the goyernment of tha people, of the uzoYkers., of the
peasants, Grage earners~ soldiers, the young, fiouse~ri.ves, the citizens, men ~and
aosnen alike.
- In ti~ese 5 years everything estatilished in the constitution has ~Aan tested and ~
demonstrated, in short, tlie approval of tlie Soctalist Constitution responds to
- tiie~institutiona~ needs of our country and the hopes of the people. Now it i~
necessary that everyone understand the.obligation tTiey fiave to comply with
_ ~ it and apply it. ~
Elections have b~een held. ~
~ Some delegates, wfio lost the trust of their e3.ectors, have been 3ismissed and
their replacements fiave been elected.
Laws, decree-laws and other legal norms have been approved.
_ Executive decieions have been made and have been obeyed.
It is also good to remember that on 17 February it was 5 years since th,e Council
- of Ministers adopted the agreement ilaving to do with the proGlawation and
implementAtion of the Constitution and the Law of Gonstitutional Transition,
agreement which was certified by the unforgettable Celia Sanchez, recently
deceased as a result of a cruel and lengthy illness.
.
- ce~GxT: Box~tn 198i
8908
CSO: 301U
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_ COUNTRY SECTION C~Bp
; .
ROCA C~NII~IENTS ON FIRST 5 YEAR.S OF SOCIAI+IST CONSTITUTION
j Havana sOHEMIA in Spantsh 27 Feb 81 pp 60-61
~ IInterview with Blas F~.oca, member of the party Contral Ca~ittee Politburo and
~ Secretariat, by 3usana Tesoro]
~ jText] It is difficult at times to retain time in one's memory, hut when ~ome--
i thing has brought back to us work and dedication in nddition to time, we remember
~ it as if it had happened hours before, althouqh years may have passed.
.
"After the c~ittee responsible for preparing the draft constitution met with
! Fide1 and coam~nitted itself to having the document by 24 February, the work began,"
satd Blas Roca, president of the National Assembly and member of the party Po1it-
buro.
I
~ "The tirst thinq, a difficult task, was to consider the hours we had to work every
' day to completz the draft by the date promaised. At the first meeting, the ba.sic
materials had been distributed, and the ru]:es of work had beeii approved. Also,
I at that meeting four workinq grou~s or subcaaaaittees were formed to study the
-I following: ger~eral principles and socioeconoanic systemf rights and duties of the
i citizen and guarantees of themf top bodies of the national goverrmaent and of the
ac3~ainistration; and lxal governmental bodies, courts, attorney general's offi~e;
~ el~~toral systeaa. The style group was also nsnaedf it included Juan Marinello,
~ Enrique Hart and Fernando Alvarez Tabia."
_ I The stanrlinq working group--as people ?tnow--was carnposed of Blas Roca., chairman
- of the conunittee; Armando Torres Santrayll, vice chairman; and Santiago Cuba,
secretuy.
To return to those days, we would have to look for documents, data, if we wanted
to he exact. However, Blas has events at hand without making much of an effort:
"I remember the fi~cst factory where the draft was discussed with t~e workers. It
was near Luyano, a metallurgical plant aalled, I t~.ink, Florentino Alejo. The
discussion t..~ere wa3 lengthy, but good. There was considerable debate there about
why it was necessary for racial discriminatfon and that involving women to be in
different places. In fact, they are separate cases, and politically we had to
� separate them. That's because the precepts af our constitution with respect to
_ discrimination against Blacks were supposed to reflect on the United States be-
cause one of the things that characterizes the capitalist system in tha~ country
is persecution of Blacks; and our constitution had to be an answer to that; for
- eqsality, liberty, and the true hinnan rights are here under socialism, and not i_n
any capitalist country.
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"In this and othsr discussions in �actori.es;, s.chc~ol~. and C~oittees for Defense,
there w.as interest on the part of s.rnne citizens in incorporating i.nto the consti- -
_ tution elements that are specific in nature and not suitable to this type of law,
but to others. TFie constitution is created for a long period of tiine, and iti
embrace~ fundam~ntal principles. Tt is a law that can't be modified eaery day."
Surprised by the questian, he spoke of tYie t~alue of the constitution:
"It's iunpossible for a Cuban not to }-,noFt, but if you want my opinion the
' . constitution governs the life of the state and of society; it governs-elections ~
and the aperation of the state. The constitution is a pillar of institutional-
ization because it provides the overall framew~ork of organization of the state,
- of the socioeconamic foundations of the so~iety. 'I'he constitntion establish~d
a new political/ac~ninistrative division of territory, which is now in effect.
It established a new system ~f government bodies. The municipal and provincial
assemblies were instituted, along with their ~xecutive co~mittees and the National .
. Assembly, the Cour.cil of State and the Council of Ministers. This is a part of
the institutionalization.. . . .
"It's extremely satisfying for us to see those first projects comnpleted now.
Some laws have been written, too, but it's necessary to draft one that co~~er.s the
organic part of th~e bodies of the People's Government. We nave to write that Iaw ~
to define more precisely the functions and authority of the loca3 bodies; for
there a~e ~~those wha are now. del~a~i~ig .~i~}.h- these : bodies co~lcerning the~r authority
, and t~yitig to contro~. thea~ froQn aI~ave, and the local bodies were not created for a
that. They weren't created for anyone to control them. The}~ were created to
govern fully at the local level and to tak~ adnantage of all their area's parti-
cular characteristics and resources in the development of society and the economy.
"There are places," Blas noted, "that have conditions for the con.struction of
certain recreational facilities, for doing many things i.n this regarc3.
jBOHEMIP~] And the resources for these facilities?
IRoca] Sometimes the resources have to be national, for there's no ane to under-
take a m~jor project with local resourcest but there are areas where, for example,
there are palms that produce a fibrous tissue that is cut into strips, and they
make tYiem into wallets, bags and very lovely things. The important th~ng is to
look around the area and make use of everything.
IBOHEMI:~] Returning to the law you spoke ~f earlier, would it replace existing
laws?
jRoca] Possibly, because the governinq principles, which is what they're called,
are an outline of what the law should bet for the law is more comple~c and more -
~;,_~~cific than the principles laid do~an at the beginn~ng, which now are the guide
for the provincial and municipal assemblie~.
jRoca] When the bodies of the People's Government were established in Matanzas,
there vPasn't even a warehouse. They were visiting dif�erent places, and they
found a warehouse. Then it happened that in a certain ~lace in th~ city there was ~
no azater, and there were no pipes. They a].so beqan to search throughout the pro-
vince, and ].ater ther~ were more than enough pipes. That is the role of these
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_ local bodies: not to simply s.it down and cry. Cxying is good, but only to a `
certain point.
_ jBOHEMIA] Besides, crying doesn't solve problems~.
jRoca) Precisely; those are defects, and they have to be corrected.
Returning to the constitution, he said:
"We now recall, 5 years later, a?any thi,nqs that wouldn't fit in your article, and -
~perhaps they wouldn't interest the reader; but there Was a group of coanrades that
worked assiduously on this fust constitution, arith dete~mination, dedication and
fervor. There was nothing heroic aF~out it. The word must be used carefully; and
heroism is another matter. It was an interesting job; abore than interesting: ~
exciting, I'd say on behalf of all those of us who were involved in it. But the
most unforgettable of those moanents, in the entire maelstram of work, aras when
tha draft was delivered to Fidel, wIw even said, 'It's beautiful, it's lovely.
~I
- COPYRIGHT: BOF~MIA 1981
'I "
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! CSO: 3010
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~
- , i;UBA
COUNTRY SECTION
BULGARIAN COMMUNIST PARTY OFFICIAL INTERVIEWL~D
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 20 Feb 81 pp 76-77 -
- [Report of intervie~ with Alexande~ Lilav, member of the Bulgarian Communist Party -
Political Bureau and secretary of the Cantral Coamnittee~ by Teresa Mederos Di~z _
of BOHEI~IIA in Havana; date not given] -
[Text] Far away on the ~engra~hf.c plane, very closely Iinked in the strugglP for i
the common ideal of peace and prosperity ~f peoples, two count~ies, Bulgaria and
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Cuba, were fulfilling d ifferent phasea witfi r~epect tv ~he highest event of their i;
respective commun.ist partie~, the guiding force of the socia].ist society or both
nat~ons. While the Second Commun~.st Pr~rLy of Cuba Cangress was approach~ng its
end, over there in the beloved Balkan country, tlie Bulgaris.n peogle, firm bulwark
of I~farxist-Leainist ideas and followers of thP indomitable Dimitrov, are preparing
for the 12th BKP jBulgarian Communist Party] Congrpae. Among the greenery of _
the leafy trees of his residence in the Cuban capital dur.ing th.e second congress, _
the chief of the Bulgarian delegation, Alexand~r Lilov, member of the political
bureau and secretary of the Bulga~ian Coam?unist Party Central Committee, received
us. There was a brief recess the Palace of Congresse~ and time is short. _
~'he conversation was begun preci~ely about our interest in leaming the progress ~
of the preparations for the 12the BKP Congress. -
Alexander Lilo said that the highest event of the Bulgarian Communists is an
activity of vital importance for the people and life of the entire country since
it will eatpress the collective feelings when an analyeis is made of the road
traveled and the line is traced for the neact period. "That is the significance
- o� the congress we are preparing and wbich ehould play a decisive role in the
present pl~ase of tha construction of socialism." -
The Bulgarian leader said that all work in the nation is subordinated to the
preparation for the 12th Congress. "It can be said that the party receives the
12th Congress unit~ed ~nd together and arotuid it are the people witfi their support
of the policy of the party and the central coimnittee headed by Comrade Todor
Yivkov," said Lilov, adding that tfiere is an upswing in work throughout Bulgaria,
socialist emulation is being implemented and the atate of mind is one of work,
very op~imistic, with the certainty that the co~agreas will be a new step forward
for the development of the country in all areae. _
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_ He then told us that "the greateat achievement ~n tfie period b.etween tfie 1].th
Congre~s ar.d the one. for mhich preparations. are heing made is the auccess in the
cahstruction of tfie deneloped socialist soci.ety, wliicb.is.a Tiistorical achievement
by our party and our pPOple. pe are ia tFie phase of a maCure aocialism. The
_ most important thing tn tfie economy is the~ line . followed of going from extensive
development to intensive development baaed on tfie r~constructton and modernizaCion
of industry and ~gxiculture, whicfi can be acti~eved tbrough.tlie. proper application
~f contemporary sctentiftc-tecfinical progrese.
"Bulgarf.a has acbieved a atrong potential in induetry and agriculture. The
present task is that of obtaintng greater efficiencq en the basis of what hae
been acfiievEd. This meane that ba~ic efforts are aim~ed at the modernization of
wt?~t has been already ~uilt~ although of course we shall continue t~ie construction
of aew industrial plants," eaid the B~CP Political Bureau member.
The work by the Bulgariaa ~eople in the construction of the ne;~ socialist society
, is highly effective if we note the fact tbat from an agrarian country, Bulgaria
has today become a state of industrtal-agrartan econamy wiiere the contritiutinn
by industry to national revenues is increaeingly higher wbile that portion con-
~ tributed by agriculture declines, even wF~en tbe agricultural sector produced
= three times more than it did in 1944. In 1975 the contribution by industry was
; 53 percent, in 1979 it was 6Q.7 percent, while that of agriculture declined from
18.4 to 13.9 percent. These are eloquent figures illustrating the words of
! the Bulgarian leader about tiue high achievemente of tbe economy in recent yeare.
~ Comrade Lilov pointed out "that ~ignificant changes toward a greater efficiency
have been observed in economic development, seeking greater producttion with
_ greater productivity and cheaper with more quality so that these achievements
may allow a greater competition in the foreign market and be sources of welfare
for tlue people."
With respect to the social area~ he eaid that the f~.~ndamental achievement is an
_ improvement in living standards of the population~ a~teadfast political line
- of the party, which aims its efforts toward the satisfaction of the material
and cultural needs of all the people.
On this he esid: "We all know that the ob~ ective of socialism is the creation of
conditions favorable for the creation of Che multifaceted man. rhis is a
besuti�ul ob~ective but in order to attain it the material conditions must be
developed."
Efforts in the social sector have been headed, and satisfactory results are being
obtained, toward the construction of more and better housing, th~e availability of
more varieties of food, the acfiievement of a better education and a better public
health service. In the period between the two congresses it can be seen that
significant advances fiave been made in all th~se areas~ said the Bulgarian
leader. He then said: "We have not obtained everything we boped but today
we have much more than before; what we have today is incomparable with what we
had in the capitalist phase; it is also much mvre than what we had yesterday."
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~o~ :~rFT:,, :r;.r :~rti,1~
i (~ur questiQn now re~er:; to the international situation. On it, Alexander Lilov
te~ls us: "Our party Lg, seriously concerned t~y the international situat3_on.
We cansider it alarming. World peace is threatened and we helieve that this ie
the greatest threat aince the end of Worlu GTar TI. l:mperialism, the forces of
reaction, Jery particulariy ~U.S. i~psrialism, Iiave made a sharp turn f.rom
_ t1:e policy of detente toward onP of confr.ontation and an increase in tensions to
obtain mili.tary superiorit~~frQ~ posttions of atrengtl~.on tbe plane of increasing
armame~tism in its favor." ~
He says: "To speak in the language of Comrade Fidel Castro in the proposals of
- the central report, we will say that hurricanes are blowing in present inter-
national relations. We cannot say that we are in a cold war pexiod but the
policy of imperialism is already fiea.ded toward it; the cold winds of the pe�r_iod
nrior to detente are alre~dy blowing. They are dangerous phenomenons, we cannot
underestimate them and that is why we take all measures 3n cooperation, par-
ticularly wit~i the Soviet Union, to eafeguard, resist and continue forward uzith
the policy of detente, which is the one whici~-interests all the people; it is
the reasonable alternative of the present world. GIe declare ourselves firmly
for the intensification of the policy of peaceful coexistence."
With firm words, and certain of the strength o� the people in the etruggle .for
peace, the nigh leader of our sister Bulgaria points out that against all Chreats
to peace there are real forces ready to defend the path taken toward detentN. .
These forces are: world socialism headed by.the Soviet Union, the world working
class, at the front of whom are its vanguard detachments; the recently liberated
countries, among whom the Movement of Nonalined Countries headed by Cuba, which
carries out its mandate honorably plaqs an important role, and the progressive
moveffient, the progressive organizations of the entire world."
After describing the main forces of progress in the prasent wnrld, the BKP
Political Bureau member says that the people of the entire world are increa.sing
their role in the struggle for peace and that the active solidarity among the
people in this etruggle for peace will inereaee and become a real and powerful
factor against the forces of war. The essential task, he emphasizes, is to
trace a platform of struggle for peace~ the unity of all factors, all the forces
which.in the world are ~oined in brotherhood fc~r these beautiful ob~ectivzs
which unite us.
Lilov declared: "We are optimistic. Ttie role of the USSR, the first socialist
country, is the most poF~erful and real obstacle against thz forces of reaction
and war, the aggressive militaristic force~. We commnunists have no reason to
underestimate tfie dangei the plans of imperialis~oa represent but we have, on the
other hand, every reason for feeling optimistic and eure of victory by th~ forces
of peace and peaceful coexistenGe.
~ ~'That is the way a11 comnnunist parties act, That is how the PCSU headed by Leonid
Brezhnev acts, Brezhnev the inspirer and arcTiitect of the policy of det~nte in the
world who fias 3ust finished makin.g a wurthwhile proposal c~n the dangerous sit-
uatton in the Persian Gulf. That is h,o~ our comQnunist party acts under the
leadership of Comrade Todor Yivkov, who plays a wortl~y rale in the struggle for
the creation of a go4d climate of peace in interna*.ional relations. That is the
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way the Co~uatct l~arty of Cuba acts, headed b~y Comrade Fidel Castro, who has
also made great con~tri~ut~ons and acquired merits in Che struggle �or peace and
detente in Tiis etatus as prestdent of the Nonalined