JPRS ID: 9629 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300090051-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 42
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 51
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/962,9
25 M~rch 19~1
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- Sub- a '
S harc~r~ Africa Re ort
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FC~UO No. 714
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F~IS ~OREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
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mation was summarized or extracted. -
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JPRS L/9629
25 March 1.981
~ SUB-SAHARAN RFRI~A REPORT
FOUO No. 714
CONTENTS
INT~'R-AFRICAN AP'FAIRS -
Report on Islamic Development Bank~s Activities in Africa
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 Feb 81) 1
Report on WAMU Banking Operations
- (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 30 Jan 81) 3 -
Elf-Aquitaine Operations in Africa
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 Feb 81) 6
Brief s
African-Islsmic Cooperation g _
- ANGOI,A
Brief s
Regulations on Importation 10
CAMEROON
C~zrrent Industria.l Situation Reported
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERftANEENS, 21 Nov 80) 11
Briefs
Cooperation With Guinea 13
CHAD '
Kamougue Said To Be Only I,eader Able To Prevent Nation's Breakup
- (Jos-Blaise Alima; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 11 Feb 81) 1~
International Cooperation Starting; Medical, Economic Aid Needed
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 Feb 81)............ 19
- a - [III - NE & A - 120 FOUO] '
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CONGO
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' Briefs
UCB Report on Activities in 1979 21
IVORY COAST
. Outlook for Petroleum Industry Examined -
� (LA LETTER DE L'EXPANSIOIv', 26 Jan 81) 22 -
LIBERIA
Briefs -
Ethiopian-Inspired I,iteracy Campaign 23
MADAGASCAR
, Brief s
Vietnamese in Madagascar 24
SENEGAL
Premier Outlines Political, Economic Program, Plans
(Habib Thiam; MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENSS 5 Feb 81). 25
Briefs
Purchase Price for Gum Arabic 30
TANZANIA
Briefs
Di smissal of TIB Officials 31
Zanzibar's Industrial Productivity Improves 31
Decline in Pemba Clove Production 31
ZAIftE
Coopeiation Agreements on Management Training, Health Services -
(rIARCHE5 TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21 Nov 80) 32
Brief s
_ Troops to Ugandan Border 3L~
Z7I~4BABWE
French Interest in Economic Development Reported
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 Feb 81) 35
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
REPORT ON ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK'S ACTIVITIES IN AFRICA
Pari4 MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 288
. [Text] The 47th meeting of the council of executive directors of the Islamic
Development Bank was held at the headquarters of the Bank of Jidda 27-30 Dec 1980
(or 20-23 Safar 1401 of the hegira). During this meeting the council examined a
n~amber of points c~ncerning the Bank's activities, its policies and operations,
a~.id approved :
--The operational program of the Islamic Development Bank [IDB] f~r the year
1401 H(1980-81 fiscal year) bearing on an allocation of funds to the different
activities of the Bank, or $275 million for regular operations, $500 million for
financing foreign trade, $SO million for technical assistance and other amounts for
special operations. Concerning regular operations, account was taken of the prin-
~ ciple of sectoral distribution since the vital sectors, such as industry and agri-
culture, will receive the largest part of this credit.
--The fifth annual report, wh~ch will be presented to the council of governors at
its meeting which is to ta~ce place soon at Khartum, as well as the balance sheet
for the prevtous accountin~ period (1979-80). The Council also approved operations
- ~or finat~cing foreign trade in the amount of 154 million Islamic dinars (or $198 mil-
l~.on) for member countries, including the following for Africa (the Islamic dinar,
unit for accounting, is worth about $1.28):
--Importation of crude petroleum into higer, from a member country, in the amount
of 15,625,000 Islamic dinars ($20 million).
--Importation of paper pu~p in Tunisia in the amount of 6,250,000 Islamic dinars
($8 million).
--Importation of cotton and cotton yarn into Tunisia, from a member country to the
_ amaunt of 17,969,000 Islamic dinars ($12 million).
--Importation of semi-finished industrial products into Algeria in the amount of
_ 35,150,000 Islamic dinars ($45 million).
y --Importation of urea base fertilizer 1.nto Sudan, from a member country, to the
amount of 35,150,000 Islamic dinars ($45 million).
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--Importation of crude petrole~mm into Morocco, from a member country in the amount
of 15,625,000 Islamic dinars ($20 million).
_ --Importation of refined petroleum products into Guinea-Bissau, from a member coun-
try, in the amount of 3,906,000 Islamic dinars ($5 million).
. The council of executive directors also approved the financing of several projects,
for a total of 17I.7 million Islamic dinars, or $219,3 million, including, for
Africa:
~--Granting of a loan amounting to 2,350,000 Islam3c dinars ($3 million) to Senegal
for financing a rural development project in the M'Bour Louga region. This pro-
~ect has the ob~ective of improving the working conditions of 18,000 peasants de-
veloping 152,000 hectares in millet and ground nuts, using fertilizers and modern
agricultural methods.
--Acquiring an interest in the capital of small and medium industrial pro~ects in
the United Cameroon Republic, through the National Investment Company of Cameroon.
The aim of acquiring this interest ie to encourage industrial projects in both
the public and private sectors. The amount allocated is approximately S million
Islamic dinars ($6 million).
The total amount of credits approved by the IDB from its founding until the present,
for projects in member countries as well as the financing of foreign trade, reaches
nearly 1,408 million Islamic dinars or nearly $1,785 million.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
- 9772
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INTER ~.FRICAN AFFAIRS
REPQRT IJN WAMU BANKING OPERATIONS ~
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX EZ'MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 247
[Text] The Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) recently published an
analysis of the operations carried out by the graup of banks of the West African ~
Monetary Union (WAMU) during fiscal year 1978-79 as well as the f inancial
results released at the end of that fiscal year.
As of 30 September 1979 52 banks were registered in the six states: four in
Benin, 20 in the Ivory Coast, four in Upper Volta, six in Niger, nine in Senegal
and nine in Togo.
- During fiscal year 1978-79 three new banks were authorized to carry out their
activities in the Union: the International Bank for Commerce and Industry in
Niger (BICIN), the Bank of CrediC and Comanerce International Overseas Limited in
Senegal (BCCIS) and the Bank of Credit and Commerce International Overseas
Limited in Togo (BCIT).
For all the WAMU banks the evolution of resources and appropriations at the end of
the fiscal year is set forth as follows, in billions of CFA:
. 1977 1978 1979
Resources:
Individual and Company accQUnts..,.... 522 603,4 721.1
Treasury and Postal accounts....,..... 73.6 $5.2 132
Long term ].oans 27.6 30.2 40.3
Equity Funds 92 115.6 155.9
Other resources 327.4 509.9 ~
Total 1042.6 1284.2 1559.2
Use:
Credits tn the economy 760.7 948.6 1172.7
Bad or diaputed loans 13 22.4 34.2
Other elements of assets 268.9 313.2 352.3
- Tota.l 1042.6 1284,2 1559.2
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The fiscal year 1978-79 was marked by an increase in individual and company
deposits, by a slight diminution in the increase in credits to the economy (plus
23.6 percent against 24.7 percent for the preceding period) and by an accelera- _
tion in the increase tn Lad or disputed credits, with a rate of plus 52.7 percent.
In the total amc~unt of individual and company deposits on 30 September 1979,
curren~ accounts and deposit accounts for individuals and companies amuunted to
496 billion CFA and public enterprise accounts amounted to 225.1 billion.
On 30 September 1979 the volume of credits to the economy included 800.5 billion ~
CFA in short term credits, with 111.4 billion in rural credits (plus 80.2 percent
compared with the end of September 1978) and 372.2 billion in middle and long term
_ credits.
According to states, deposits on 30 September 1979 totaled, respectively, in
billions of CFA: Benin, 55.1; Ivory Coast, 517; Upper Volta, 41.8; Niger, 47.2;
Senegal, 129.3; Togo, 59.1.
From end of September 1978 to end of September 1979 the increase was generalized:
in the Ivory Coa.,st, where public enterprise deposits had declined because of i
� withdrawals from the Stabilization Fund, public deposits showed an increase (6.7
per cent). The total of deposits on 30 September 1979 were divided between
development banks, to the amount of 226 billion CFA, and co~ercial banks, to the
amount cf 627.1 billion. -
Concerning aid to the economy, the totals as of end of September 1979 were -
distributed as follows, in billions of CFA: Benin, 50; Ivory Cfl ast, 721.1;
Upper Volta, 54.9; Niger, 61.7; Senegal, 230,8; To go, 54.2.
The increase was overall from one accounting period to the other; it was particu~
larly marked in the Ivory Coast (plus 130.7 billion) and in Senegal (plus 62.3 ~
billion). In 30 September 1979 this assistance was apportioned to development
banks to the amount of 345.4 billion CFA and to commercial banks to the amount
uf 827.3 billion. Among the banks the Societe Generale group comes first (243.3 -
billion); then come the BNP [National Bank of Paris] groups (200.1 billion), the _
BIAO [International F3ank for West Africa] (180.1 billion), Credit Lyonnais (151.6
billion) and other institutions (52.2 billion).
For the fiscal year 1978-79 results of operations from all the banks of the Union
totaled 153.8 billion CFA Lplus 26.4 percent compared to the previous accounting _
period) and their net results were 11.4 billion CFA (decline of 4.2 percent).
Profits to post, after expenses and amortization, for the accounting period
_ ending 30 September 1979, are distributed as follows, by state, in billions of
CFA: Benin, 0.9; Ivory Coast, 6.7; Upper Volta, 0.7; Niger, 1.1; Senegal, 1; -
Togo, 1.
Profitability of equity funds during the said accounting period comes to the
following percentages: Benin, 14.8 percent; Ivory Coast, 6.6 percent; Upper _
Volta, 10.8 percent; Niger, 11.9 percent; Senegal, 4 percent; Togo, 14.3 percent; _
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and the average rate for the Union was 7.3 percent compared with 10.2 percent
in 1977-78. For either accounting period the Ivory Coast and above all Senegal
showed rates less tran the Union average--3.3 percent for the Ivory Coast and
2.9 percent for Senegal.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
9772
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_ INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
ELF-AQUITAINE OPERATIONS IN AFRICA
Paris MARCHES TROPIGAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 299
- [Text] On 28 January at a press conference in Paris Mr Albin Chalandon, Elf- -
Acquitaine president, gave ~iis group's provisional results for 1980. The -
consolidated turnover of the group were said to be in the ne~.ghborhood of Fr 78 ~
billion, against 56 billion in 1979. The gross self-financing msrgin were said
to be around Fr 14 billion as against 12 billion in 1979, after deduction of a
pxice effect [effet prix] on stocks of more than 3 billion (2 in 1979). The
exploration/production sector contributes more than 13 billion to this total.
Net total profits, before distribution, should reach approximately Fr 6.5 billion, -
resulting in a net consolidated profit of approximately Fr 6 bil?ion after taking .
into account minority interests. The net consolidated profit increased moderately
_ (plus 8 pereent) compared to 1979 results; but the cost of exploration increased
from one accounting period to the other by around Fr 1 billion fres while the
SNEA [National ELF Aquitaine Company] will have to pay a consolidated tax for the
1980 accounting peri~d of around Fr 1 billion fres.
Investments increased to Fr 12 billion, a great increase compared to 1979 ('Fr 7
t~illion). This increase is found in all sectors. In 1980 Elf Aquitaine devoted
Fr 3.6 billion to prospecting for hydrocarbons (agafnst 2.4 billion in 1979)
and to the development of new fields, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea.
Development investments reathed 3.1 billion for the past year.
The Elf Aquitaine group's share in the production was 17.9 million tons of crude
petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons ex~racted fram natural gas (including 13.1 tons
for Africa) and 20.3 billion cubic meters of commercial gas (incl~uding only 83
- million tons coming from Africa) ~
The group's production totaled 24.7 million tons of crude and refined [condensats]
(including 21.4 million for Africa) and 25.9 billion cubic metera o~ gas.
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Production of Elf Aquitaine Group in Africa
Petroleum (in 1,000 t):
1980 19~9
Tunisia 1,124 1,280
Libya 93 179
Gabon 7,587 8,448
Cor.go 1, 940 1, 592
- Nigeria 1,810 1,744
Cameroon 579 867
Total for Africa 13,133 13,110
Gas (in millions of cubic meters)
Morocco 11 13
Gabon 72 61
Total. for Africa 83 74
At the end of December 1980 the group was seeking hydrocarbo~s in 35 countriea.
The 640 explo ratory drillings brought 23 discoveries of hydrocarbons in 1980
(60 percent in gas and 40 percent in crude); the largest of them being in the Gulf
of Guinea (Nigeria and Congo) .
Elf Aquitaine activities in Africa were as followa in 1980:
--Angola. E1 Aquitaine undertook a Iarge seismic campaign pursuant to a"produc-
tion sharing" contract signed in 1980.
--Cameroon. The partnership agreements which set forth the new conditions for
Elf Aquitaine's activities in this country were signed 8 February 1980 between
the United Cameroon Republic and ELF SEREPCA [Petroleum Prospecting and Exploita-
tion Company of Cameroon]. Exp~oration continued, revealing encouraging prospects
for th~ gas potential in the Douala basin. New fields were put into development;
North Ekoundou, North Kombo, Central Edoundou. The civil research company for the
exploitatio n of natural gas in Cameroon (the Segazcam) was founded 9 July 1980.
SNEA holds 20 percent of the shares of this company. The total p,:oduction
carried out by Elf Serepca reached 2,840,OG0 tons in 1980.
--Congo. A large exploration program was carried out in 1980 resulting in
_ various oil and gas discoveries and confirming the evidence found in 1979, in
particular on Mengo ~Loeme permit). The Likouala field was inaugurated 21 April
by the Congo leae chief of state. Total Elf Congo and Agip production �reached
3,294,000 tons in 1980 including 1,926,000 carried out by F.lf Congo. Production
of the Emerald deposit continued at the 1978 and 1979 levels, or 1,400,000 tons.
Development work on the Yanga field has started and will be followed by work for
. developing the Sendji.
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--Gabon. Elf Gabon continued its sxploration plan which revealed new stocks,
particularly at M'Boumba, M'Wengui, and Baudroie. The first section of the
development work on the GI~ field in southern Gabon was launched, permitting as
of 1980 the beginning of production in that zone.
_ --Nigeria. Good results from the production fields in 1980 and the recalculation "
of their reserves sparked a complementary development which should continue into -
1982. A large exploration campaign was launched in 1980 o:z the new marine
blocs secured within the framework of the three service contracts signed in 1979.
� Elf Nigeria production reached 4,522,000 tons for the year 1980. The Nig~~ian
National Petroleum Company (NNPC) signed a contract with Elf Aquitaine for supply
of refined products, pursuant to a call for bid~ made to petroleum companies.
--Niger. An agreement was signed witn Esso for the entry of Elf Aquitaine into
- the permit of Agadem, with SNEA becoming the operator. Moreover an aeromagnetic =
_ campaign took place under the Niger occidental permit and the Bilma permit. =
--Senegal. A land and sea seismic campaign was carried out in Casamanca and
~ its evaluation is now under way. -
--Algeria. On 30 September a contract was signed with Sonatrach concerning
_ exploration of land parcel 409 (Telemzane) with an area of 8,800 square kilo-
' meters. This contract is soon to be submitted for the Algerian gov~ernment's
approval.
--Tunisia. On 9 October the award to Elf Aquitaine Tunisia of the Kirchaou -
permit, and the association agreement with the national Tunisi.an company Etap
[Tunisian Petroleum Activities EnterpriseJ were signed in Tunis. This permit,
of approximately 10,000 square kilometers, is situated on land in southeast _
Tunisia. The permit of Cap-Bon-Kelibia, covering 2,400 square kilometers was
awarded 11 November to an association composed of Etap, Agip, Total and Elf
Aquitaine.
--Egypt. Elf Aquitaine Egypte granted BP [British Petroleum] a 40 percent =
interest in its Nort'n Alexandria permit on which the Naf deposit had been
discovered, and whose development will be continued in 1981. Elf Aquitaine
(50 percent, operator) -BP (50 percent) morever should soon be awarded the
so-called Rosetta permit, also situated at sea, to the east of the North -
Alexandria one.
--Libya. An exploration contract of the production sharing k.ind was signed at _
the end of the year with the national Libyan company (NOC) [National Oil Company].
Th~s contract covers a mining area of 15,000 square kilometers and involves five -
zones including one at seas and four on land (Syrte and La Hamada basins). _
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
9772
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
~
- BRIEFS
AFRICAN-ISLAMiC COOPERATION--African countries represented at the Islamic Summi;.
attached special importance to the econ~mic aspect of the agenda. Four of them,
_ the Comoro islands, Morocco, Senegal and Sudan participated in the preparatory
commission responsible for developing an "Islamic e~~:~omic strategy" and a system
of inter-Islamic cooperation. The pro~ect of ar~ "Islami~~ Commercial Center" to
_ be created at Tangier was initiated by Morocco. The chairman, Moussa Traore, from
Mali, strongly urged adoption of emergency measures on behalf of the Sahel countries;
tliey could be among the prin~ipal beneficiaries of the massive development aid
approved by the Conf erence. The representative of Mr Edem Kodjo, general secrerary
of the Organization f or Af ric.an Unity, invited to speak during the inaugural ses-
- sion, stressed the need for ~~ooperation in working against Zionism, racism and un-
derdevelopment. He recalled that OAU's principal objective was to liberate the
African continent from all the after-effects of colonialism. He expressed the hope
that the Organization of the Islamic Conference would strongly support the OAU for
the liberation of Namibia 3nd would level political and economic reprisals agaitist
the Pretoria regime. Finally, he recalled that at the Freetown Summit the OAU had
rejected the tsraeli dec~sion to annex Jerusalem. The Taif Islamic Summit must there-
fore nave brought genuine strengthening to Arab--African so).i.darity. [Excerpts] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 288] 9772
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_ ANGOL~,
~
BRIEFS
REGULATIONS ON iMPORTATION--A decree signed by Angolan Minister of Foreign Trade
Lopo do Nascimento stipulates that private firms as well as state enterprises -
and organisms can qualify as importers for the year 1981. Applications for commercial -
and industrial companies should be received by 31 March. [Text] [Paris MARCHES -
- TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAI3EENS in French 27 Feb 81 p 504] -
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CAMEROON
CURRENT INDUSTRIAL SITUATION REPORTED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Nov 80 p 3101
[Text] This brief note groups the results from the last quarter of 1979 and those
- of the first quarter of 1980, with a look at overall development s3nce March 1979.
Sundustricam manpower increased with the presence of nine new members, including -
Cellucam: from 25,577 workers at the end of March in 1979 to 32,372 by the end of
March 1980, an increase of 26.6 percent. At the end of 1979 Camsuco was taken back
and Socame (fe~tilizer) partially.
From March 1979 to March 1980 salaried employees increased 22.8 percent, less than
the growth in manpower during the same period. The last official salary increase
(following the collective agreements in industry and commerce of 1 Dec 1979), was
8 percent for the higher grades (X and XII) and 14 and 15 percent for the lower
- grades (I to V). As sundustricam admits that the overall TTC [toutes taxes comprises]
- volume for the group "only increased 19 percent, a rate hardly greater than the rate
� of inflation," it can be deduced that the salary increases did not completely over-
come the effects of inflation. It seems that inflation speeded up to favor the
increase in salaries.
TTC volume developed thusly:
31/12/78: 176.8 billion CFA 30/09/79: 198.2 billion CFA
- 31/03/79: 182.2 billion CF~ 31/12/79: 210.2 billion CFA
30/06/79: 186.8 billion CFA 31/03/80; 223.1 billion CFA -
(annual increase 22.4 percent)
Thus, growth speeded ug z.*. the end of the period, but at the same time new members
= j oined up and inf lation incr~aased. To the extent that the industrials raere not
allowed to increase their price s, an increase in volume during a period of inflation
corresponds to a real growth; however, the industrial profit margins were reduced
as costs increased but the sell ing price was fixed (in those cases where prices
were f ~ed) .
Taxes, representing 15 percent of domestic business figures in December 1979, were
lowered slightly to 14.5 percen t in March 1980, which would be 9.8 percent of TTC
volume between the two dates.
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E:cports increased less than business volume: 7.14 percent in one year, amounting
to a falling off. These proportions are approximately the same for both exports to
- UDEAC [Custor~s and Economic Union of Central Africa] and Chad and at large, which is
disquieting. The quasi-stagnation of exports at large ~s explicable becau se the
- west in recession is limiting irs purchasing and is giving preference to c ompeting -
articles from the Far East which are more varied and less expensive. ~
It is the Cameroon market which is now essential to Sundustricam product ion, an _
adaptation to need. Domestic volume increased by 28 percent in a y?ar.
- In this concert of enterprises, what sectors proved to be the most dynami~? Elec-
- tricity and electronics head the list, with TTC volume increasing by 69 p ercent,
- but this sector concerns only 253 peraons. The situation report notes very good
activity" in the sectors of chemistry, cement, plastics; volume increased by 20
percent, but mar~power by 43 percent and salaried employees 38 percent. Cimencam
performance accounts for a large part of these results. The next four sectors _
account for "good activity." Food, beverages and tobacco: volume increased by 20
percent, but manpower by 43 percent, especially in the f irst stages of processing
agricultiiral and fishing products. In contrast, exports remained stagnant at _
current prices.
Following these are textiles and shoes which held up well; but for ;~ears the
- situation has not much improved in ready-made clothing, TTC turnover in this sector -
- amounting to an 3ncrease of 21 percent. Following are th.e industries of wood, paper
and furniture; volume increased 24 percent, exports are stagnant, domest ic volume
increased 38 percent, manpower 61 percent (doubtless because of the recent entry of
- Ecam-Placages, Sintrabois and Sofibel), employees 91 percent.
Metallurgy and metal working also were active; the TTC volume increased by 20 _
percent in a year, exports by 11 percent, manpower by 19 percent and salaried
employees by 26 percent. In contrast, the printing industry is in great diff iculty
because of price increases for paper.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Mareux et Cie Paris 1980
8860
CSO: 440G
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CAMEROON
BRIEFS -
COOPERATION WITH GUINEA--T~wo cooperation agreements, one for economic and technical
- assistance, the other cultural, were signed by Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon on
= 6 November. After 4 days of work, the joint Guinea-Cameroon commission decided on -
developing bilaterial cooperation in cons~lar matters, taking into account "the
sizeable flow of human exchange now existing between Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea,"
_ announced the f inal release, which then added that the commission had a].so "examined
_ th~e possibilities of signing new agreements in the domains of agriculture, forestry,
fishing and livestock." The Guinea delegation was led by the f irst vice president -
and minister of foreign affairs, Florencio Maye Ela, and the Cameroon experts were
headed by Paul Dontsop, state minister for foreign affairs. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Nov 80 p 3101] 88fi0
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- CHAD -
KAMOUGUE SAID TO BE ONLY LEADER ABLE TO PREVENT NATION'S BREAKUP
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 11 Feb 81 pp 30-32
- [Article by Jos-Blaise Alima: "The Secessionist Temptation"] -
[Text] The cadres coming from the south continue officially to rejec t the idea
of a possible aecession. Returning to Moundou on 22 January after a 3-week absence,
Colonel Wadal Abdelkader Kamouge repeated that Chad will remain united. Does he
truly believe it?
On the contrary, everything leads one to believe that the temptation to secede has
never been as great. In Paris, for example, French governmental sourc es observe
that the eplit between President Goukouni Oueddei and his vice presid ent, Colonel
Kamouge, is becoming deeper and deeper.
And they forsee an end soon to the alliance betw~en the two men. It i s true that
France has never believed Chad is territorially viable. In 1962, it even considered
severing the country from the immense BET (Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti) regi on to install
there Algerian-born Frenchmen.
Lighteen years later, President Giscard d'Estaing proposes the idea of a f ederation,
- which assumes the exist~nce of at least two autonomous states. For example, *.he
North (obedient to Libya) and the South (transformed into the "Republi c of L~gone").
Dissidence
- Now for nearly 2 years Chad has been de facto partitioned. In obedience to the res-
- olutions of Che first Kano conference (March 1979), which caZled for the demilitar-
- ization of Nd~amena, the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) of Colonel Kamougue moved back
to the cantonment zone established by the accord, in other words, to the southern
end of the country.
This withdrawal facilitated the dismiasal of the Colonel, then at the head of the
police, by the Goukouni government--Hissein Habre, with whom Kamougue had refused -
to work.
It was dissidence. By the thousands, cadres, civil servants and businessmen from
the south left Nd~amena to return to their home region. Troopa from the capital
tried in vair~ to subdue the rebelYion.
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~ Since then, the southern front has moved closer to the capital. Indeed, the south-
erners today control five of the 14 departments that make up the country: Tandjite,
eastern Logone, western Logone, Mayo-Kebbi, and Moyen-Chari. They are also established
in a good part of Chari-Baguirmi (of which Ndjamena is the chief city).
Potentialities
Thiszone barely covers the quarter of the country that has alway~ been de~cribed
as "uaeful Chad." Not without reason. It is not, in fact, lacking in potential.
'here is first of all the precious human capital: a population of nearly two million
inhabitants. Unlike the nomads of the North, the southerners are basically seden- -
tary. They constitute the "lungs" of an administration which employs 80 percent of
their nationals. -
So it can be understood how the South has continued to live reasonably well, In
Moundou, Sarh, and Bongor, activity has not sagged. On the contrary, ntmmerous com-
panies--fleeing Nd,jamena, which was fired upon by rockets and artillery--betook them-
selves to the 5outh. _
At the request of President Goukouni, the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) re-
opened its Moundou branch. France established a consulate there. In short, life
follows its normal course, even if the 10,000 soldiers who constitute the Chadian
Armed Forces (FAT) are in a constant state of alert. -
Along with agriculture, the South has a second asset: it is the real "granary of
- Chad." The main national source of foreign exchange (80 percent), cotton, is cul-
tivated only in that region. While not reaching the record volume of 1976 (173,800
tons), this year's production (about 88,000 tons) is considered satisfactory. _
Imbroglio -
ror the moment, cotton plays the driving role in regional development which it prev- -
iously played on the national level. Pending [development of] the wealth below the -
surface, the third high card the Chadians hold. The battle for Nd3amena has pre-
vented the oil exploitation anticipated for 1980.
_ It was the Sedigui deposits, north of the capital, which were to be exploited by .
the American company, Conoco (Continental Oil Company). Without being very large,
they would have been sufficient for internal consumption needs. With help from the
- Arab Bank for African Economie Devel~pment (BADEA) and the Central Fund for Economic
! Cooperation [CCCEJ, construction of a refinery at Nd~amena is envisaged, while
- a 365-1an pipeline would link Sedigui to the Chadian capital. While the war may have
put this project on the back burner, it has not ~topped prospecting in the South.
Moreover, it is said that $edigui is only a fraction of the important reserves most
of which are situated in the southern part of the country. _
Zn January 1980, the minister of the economy, Michel Ngangbet Kosnaye, went to Wash-
ington to discuss oil prospects with officials of the World Bank. And although .
Conoco is reluctant to talk about the matter, it seems that the reserves situated
in the South are such that consideration is being given to construction of a
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- Moundou-Douala pipel:Lne. Some estimates pro~ect an:.ual revenues on the order of
CFA Fr 750 billion after 3ust a few years of exploitation:
Across all these assets, and without exaggerating, Colonel Kamougue is awsre Of the
weight he wields in the Chadian imbroglio. Any solution to the conflict must
reckon with this man, not too long ago Tripoli's favorite target. ~
D eterrence
His 1976 rows with Dr Abdessalam Triki, Libya's chief diplomat, at the 4th OAU sum-
_ _nit at Libreville (Gabon), are still vividly remembered. The Chadian official was
then miniater of foreign affairs and was considered an uncompromising fierce
defender of Chad's territorial integrity.
Has the circumatantial alliance sealed with Tripoli eroded his convictions? Certainly
not, since Kamougue is openly hostile to the invasion. But since the f.all of Nd~amena
(15 December 1980), Libya has been consolidating its position in Chad.
Close to 6,000 soldiers are scattered throughout the country. Only the zone con-
- trolled by the FAT still escapes them. Geographically, it benefits from an advan-
tageous strategic position with respect to its western, eastern, and southern borders.
Cameroon and Central Africa, its neighbors, are in fact hostile to Mouammar Qadhdhafi's
Islamic expansionism.
- The presence of French troops in Central Africa is a deterring factor for the Libyan
troops, if they were tempted to reach into the region by way of the RCA [Central -
African Republic] .
Cameroon, for its part, has established a military sub-sector at Kousseri for the
extreme north and reinforced its military deployment in the region.
Reassured on his southern flank, Kamougue would thus have only the northern flank
!-o defend. This, in a scenario wnere tlie Goukouni forces led by the Libyans should
decide to put down an eventual secession. One could then imagine Colonel Kamougue
appealing to France. Arguing f rom the fact that the safety of French nation~ls
is threatened, Paris could thereby find a~ustification for intervention. But in
Iight of the sacrosanct principle of the untouchability of the borders inherited _
f rom the colonial period, will the OAU countenance a secessionist venture? More-
over, would not a Goukouni-Kamougue confrontation encourage the opening up of a
new front in the north?
Support by Sudan, Hissein Habre's men would not fail to seize the opportunity to
attack the Chado-Libyan rroops f rom the Sudanese border.
Deaf Ear
The vietnamization of the Chadian conflict is coming clearly into view. The Lagos
accords (August 1979) gave the GUNT [Transitional National Union Government] 18
months to restore things. This deadline expires 21 February 1981. But Goukouni,
weakened by his blunders and today a prisoner of the Libyans, is no longer free to _
react .
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Ofcourse he denounces as best he can, the merger. But what resources are at his
disposal to make the Libyan soldiera leave? The OAU admits its inability to
put together its famous buffer force. It continues to beaC desperately at the
doors of the UN, which turns a deaf ear, while the clock ticks.
At Lome (14 January), trie signatories of the Lagos accord recalled that they had
the power to dismiss Goukouni Oueddei, whom they put at the head of the Chadian
state. But would the Libyans let them do it? They know that the elimination of
Goukouni means that Abdelkader Kamougue--their a11y for a time, but also and
above all a visceral enemy--moves to center stage.
For Kamougue clearly remains the man who could still avert Chad's disintegration.
Since he is the arbiter in this formidable race against the clock.
1 LIBYE 2~ ~rtie occupee per la Libye
depuis 1973
3 ~ Zone sous influence libyenne
4 Q 2one controlee por les (orces
ermees tchadierxies du cdonel
' . s Kamougue(futur Etat duLogaie?)
. ; : ~ ~
. BQ*kou:En~~di Tih?esti � ' � ' � ~ � ~ � ~ � ~
NIGER
'~Can�eRi�~�~� B~Itin~'.'
_ ' :Bat(~~a;� ; 6
7 � , : . ~ . ~ ; . : . : . : : , SOUDAN
h . . . . . . � �
NbUAINEAfA~ 'O U a'dd a i
NIGERIA � ~ ' ' ' ' . . ~ ~
.(t~4tA~...~ � � .
~ ~C ueTa� . SaJamat
~'Bongor,~'::;::-~
. �4. ' . . . ' : ; : : : : .
o
~and>!~. ~Moyeri~ ; , .
CAMEROUN ~ . ; ~ ::,::::~Cha r' : ~
A4ou,~~y. ' obs x~ REPUBUQUE 10
_ R' ; � t,'~~ �
8Lo~one OGC~:OC~~?.,~.~;:'. CENTRAFRICAINE
- 9 `ogor
Le Sud tchadien : cinq d~partements sur quatorze. Une partition de /ait. 11
[Key on following page]
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KEY:
1. Libya
2. Part occupied by Libya since 1973
3. Zone under Libyan influence
' 4. Zone controlled by Chadian Arn~ed Forces of Colonel Kamougue
_ (future state of Logone?) -
5. Aouzou Strip
6. Sudan
7. Lake Chad
- 8. Western Logone
- 9. Eastern Logone
10. Central African Republic
1~� South Chads Five of 14 departmen~s. -
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique, GRUFJIA 1981
9516
CSO: 44Q0
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CHAD
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION STARTING; MEDICAL, ECONOMIC AID NEEDED ~
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 80 p 316
[Text] After attending the Taef summit Mr Goukouni Weddeye, president of the
National Union 1Yansition Government (GUNT), returned to Nd~amena 1 February.
Befflre and after this stay in Saudi Arabia he visited Tripoli where he spoke with
colonel Qadhdhafi.
- Members of the Chad government condemn to all who will listen France's attitude
after the announcement of the plan for uniting Chad and Libya. Translat3on "errors"
in the text published in French are emphasized, although the French translation of
the Tripoli agreements of 6 January came from the Libyan agency, Jana, itself. I t
is readily declared in Nd~amena that actually it is only a question of "spiritual "
union between two peoples united by blood and history. But it is also stressed
- that Libyan troops will not be withdrawn until there is no more "foreign threat"
to Chad's security. Was this a reference to the support Mr Hissein Habre still has
abroad? He recently appealed to France in a Radio Monte Carlo interview.
Moreover the beginning of international cooperation is noted as the Kousseri
refugees return to their homes on the other side of the Chari. According to AFP
Chad authorities stress the essential role aid from France and international orga-
nizations could play in this domain, provided "Chad's national sovereignty is
respected."
Mr Bailou Naimbaye Lossimian, minister of agricuiture, considers that France ough t
- to take some "initiative" and "not use Libyan presence in Chad as an excuse not t o
help the Chad people in their time of need." It is stressed at Nd~amena that the
only emergency aid Chad receives is Libyan humanitarian aid (foodstuffs, medicine,
blankets, basically). It is added that, considering the ties between Chad and France,
French aid ought to have come naturally.
On the French side, contacts have resumed between local cooperation authorities and
Chad's government authorities. The Chad Press Agency (ATP) reports that on 27
- January in Nd3amena a meeting took.place between the Chad ministers of agriculture
_ and cattle farming (Mr Maina Affono); of planning (Mr Sekoua Laoukissam); the rep-
resentatives of the European Development Fund (IDF) and the French Furid for Aid
Cooperation (FAC). This meeting seems to have dealt basica].ly with the continuat ion
and conclusion of agricultural pro~ects already under way (cotton, cattle raising).
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They apparently also made a preliminary study of future pro,jects. It is also said
that Chad requested medical aas istance for the Nd~amena hoypital as well as some
assistance in the field of educa tion and civil engineering.
Finally, a TJN mission to Nd3amena is expected in early February. Chad authorities
are considering asking it for urgent assistance. Chad has also been ~n touch with
financial experts for putting its banking system back in order, an essential condi-
tion for any economic recovery.
There also remains the important problem of paying government officials' salaries,
a problem that has not yet been settled.
COPYRIGHT: Rene P~toreux et Cie. Paris 1981
- 9772
CSO: 4400 _
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CONGO
- BRIEFS
UCB REPORT ON ACTIVITIES IN 1979--The balance sheet~of the Congolese Union of Banks
_ (UCB) for the 1979 accounting period amounts to 19,138.6 million CFA francs and
shows a profit of 3.3 million CFA francs. On the credit side are found nearly
10.2 billion CFA in current accounts, 2.45 billion in bills of Qxchange, 3.1
billion in bank certificates and correspondants, etc. The 7 November general
_ assembly approved this balance eheet and fixed OCB's stock value at 12,710 CFA
francs. The 600 million CFA francs capital of the Congolese Union of Banks--which
on 1 October 1974 resumed activities of the BICIC [Intsrnational Bank of Commerce
and Industry of the Congo] and the SGBC [General Banking Company of Cameroon]--is
divided as follows: Congolese state, 51 percent; Congo Management and Participa-
tion Company 24.5 percent; International Participation and Management Gompany,
24.5 percent. Mr Pierre Moussa, minister of planning, is chairman of the board
of directors, with M~ Paul Andely serving as general manager. [Text] [Paris
_ MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 317] 9772
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IVORY COAST
OUTLOOK FOR PETROLEUM INDUSTRY EXAMINED
Paris LA LETTER DE L~EXPANSION in French~26-Jan 81 p 5
[TextJ Will the Ivory Coast become one of the petroleum greats? French
_ offfcial circles appear skeptical about the reports, until today unpublished,
coming from the Ivory Coast and which we reveal here. Philips Petroleum, leader
of the prospectors operating on the Espoir site (Jacqueville permit) are
supposed to have had the marvellous surprise of f inally discovering a deposit
evaluated t~day as representing 400 million exploitable tons. Certain indications =
- already provide grounds for estimating it at 900 million tons. With this
discovery, until now secret, Phillips Petroleum is thinking of reaching a
production of 15 million tons in 1983, 25 million in 1985 and 50 million in i988.
- This would be five times more than the current production of Gabon and half of
Nigeria~s production, both being the principal petroleum exporters of black _
Africa. If these reports turn out to be true the whdle Ivory Coast economy
would be turned upside down, making the FMI [International Monetary Fund] worries
~ pointless; they were to find expression in a period of austerity, ~ustified by
a foreign debt servicing which uses 29 percent of exports.
- Comment: What consequences would there be for French industrialists? In the
field of direct profits, practically nothing, it seems. The CFP [French
Petroleum Company] is on the spot, but only as technical counselor. On the other -
hand, it is different for the suppliers of equipment, particularly 13oris, ETPM
and Serimer, well placed in Abid3an. Moreover, despite the appetite of the _
United States, one of the Ivory Coast government advisers stated to our cor-
respondent "in all events, France will be trea.ted well."
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Groupe Expansion S.A.
9772
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LIBERIA
BRIEFS
ETHIOPIAN-INSPIRED LITF~tACY C~~AIGN--Dr Henry Fahnbuller, Liberian education
minister, announced in an interview accorded 2 Feb tc the government news~aper,
New Liberian, the impending dismissal of 200 teachers charged with teaching reading
and writing to adults. These teachers will be replaced as of 1 March by volunteers
accepting a salary of less than only 25 dollars per month. Nearly 70 of these
volunteers have already gone to Ethiopia for training in the methods used by that
= country. On their return these volunteers will be sent to the Liberian countryside.
Mr Fahnbulleh added that the teachers dismissed could apply provided they agreed
to earn only 25 dollars per month for one hour of teaching each evening, like the
other vclunteers. He said they got 250 dollars monthly for the same work schedule
under the regime of the former president Tolbert. The new military government had
- reduced their salaries to 200 dollars. According to the minisCer the Liberian
illiteracy rate ig 80 percent. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French 6 Feb p 313] 9772
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MADAGASCAR
BRIEFS
VIETNAMESE IN MADAGASCAR--Some Vietnamese pilots have arrived in Madagascar.
- It is pursuant to an agreennent concluded between president Didier Ratsiraka
and general Vo Nguyen Giap, who visited the country in mid-November. The
Vietnamese wi11 pilot Mig 23's given by the USSR and which have been located at
the Ivato base. [Text] [Paris L'EXPRESS 10-16 Jan 81] 9772
CSO: 4400
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SENEGAL
PREMIER OUTLINES POLITICAL, ECONOMIC PROGRAM, PI~ANS
- Paris MA.RCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 pp 307-309
[Speech by Prime minister Mr Habib Thiam at national assembly 30 Jan]
[Text) The programmatic speech delivered by Mr Habib Thiam, Senegalese prime
_ minister, on 30 Jan before the national assembly confirms the trend toward opening
up the political spectrum announced by Mr Abdou Diouf, chief of state, in his
inaugural speech.
Extension of multipartitism
_ Thus, for political affairs, Mr Thiam disclosed that the article of the Senegalese
Constitution limiting the number of political movements to four would be amended
"to allow and to guarantee democratic expression to all representative political
movements." That article, implemented by a law, until now authorized only four
political parties to exist: the Socialist Party in power (socialist movement),
. the Senegalese Democratic Party (liberal), the African Independence Party (marxist-
leninist), and the Senegalese Republican Party (conservative). Other political
_ parties, in particular the National Democratic Union of Professor Cheikh Anta Diop,
have not been legally recognized because of these constitutional provisions.
Mr Habib Thiam also announced he would present some draft bills to strengthen the
safeguards for democratic elect3on of the president of the republic and deputies.
He also stated that amendments would be made to certain provisions of the electoral
_ code pertaining to election of deputies, in order to allow "the emergence of stable
parliamentary majorities, a necessary condition for a strong and respected state."
The prime minister explained that these amendments will be introduced to avoid
quarrels and rifts within parliament and paralysis of government action.
The stabilization of public finances
Mr Thiam stressed that 1980 had been a particularly difficult year for the Senegalese
economy and emphasized the need "to carry on with the implementation of the mid-
range economic and financial recovery plan (presented) 19 Azcember 1979." In this
context "im~ortant measures have been taken in such varied fields as the stabili-
- zation of public finances, management of public enterprises, encouragement of
savings, credit policy, and stimulation of investment and production~"
~
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Stabilization of public finances finds expression in the 1979-$0 amended finance
law and the vote on the current budget. It focused in particular on the increase
in state revenues (increase in custoas duties in March and September 1980) and
= a 7 billion CFA reduction in regular state expenditures (23 embassies closed,
reduction in the number of automobiles on the road, lowered gas consumpt3.on, and
eliminating 150 French technical assistance units). In all, for the first year,
these measures resulted in a saving of S billion CFA. Other steps were taken.
"The national retirement fund was running a deficit," Mr Thiam indicated. "Its
receipts were therefore raised by an increase in contributions on 1 March. Its
budget is now balanced. ,
_ Furthermore the aut~nomous redemption fund...was in deficit for 3 years. The
1980-81 budget law therefore instituted a 40 percent levy on the value added tax
for the benef it of that fund. Thanks to this leyy that account's deficit was
brought down from 12.5 billion in 1979-80 to 6.2 billion franes in 1980-81."
Mr Thiam added that "foreign debt servicing had increased considerably in 5 years,
from 10 billion in 1976 to 37 billion in 1980 and 1981. To meet the heavy finan-
cial commitments of this year and cover the redemption fund's deficit, we are
examining the possibility of refinancing a part of the public debt, possibly 6
billion francs, with international banks"...
"The second part of financial stabilization concerns the para-public sector," the
prime ministe~ added. "This year the state has undertaken a policy of contracting
with public corporations...
"Plan-contracts constitute the essential element of this new policy: for each
corporation they set forth realistic and quantfied ob~ectives for develo~ment,
management performance, and production quality. Ttvo days ago (28 January) the
fi.rst plan-contracts were signed with SOTRAC, S~NATRA, [National Air Tranaport
Company] and the government-controllee railroad com~,any."
incourage savings
"So far as encouragement of savings is concerned, this year two series of ineasures
were taken. The first seeks to encourage and mobilize our fellow citizens' savings.
That is the task assigned to the Housing Bank, and with praiseworthy dynamisn it
has succeeded in a short time in tapping large savings, much higher than the
ob~ectives fixed: 5,000 individual accounts (instead of the planned 2,000) were
- opened in 9 months. This year the housing bank will finance the construcCion of
1,000 HLM [moderate-rent housing] housing units, 250 SICAP housing un3ts, 550
housing units presented by private promoters, and 400 privately-owned housing
� units including 200 on improved lots. It will also finance the repurchase of 250
former SICAP housing unite. The second seeks to encourage corporations located in
Senegal to save in order to invest more. Improving their productivity is a necessary
condition for conquering foreign markets. Thus in February 1980 you voted an in-
crease of from 5 to 10 percent in the tax rate for the benefit of the development
budget. This levy constitutes an investment fund which should be mobilized by the
corporations or, failing that, by the state. The amount of levies issued rose
from 1.5 billion francs in 1979 to 2.7 billions in 1980. The new law bringing
leasing under the fiscal system will also encourage savings and investment by
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enterprises. It is a practical way of financing investments, made available to
firms whose capital is inadequate to finance their development."
Monetary policy
"It is appxopriate to recall the read~ustment of interest rates in the field of
money and credit. The council of ministers of the West Afri.can Monetary Union
has increased the prime discount rate of the Central Bank of West African States
from 5.5 percent to 8 percent. This increase brought the regular discount rate
to 10.5 percent. This step, taken last 14 April, naturally increased corporations'
financial overhead, without however reaching the international levels found this
_ year, which are around 20 percent. Of course, interest rates on bank deposits
were also raised to protect depositors, particularly term deposits.
Other steps were taken in the field of credit. These were, on the one hand,
leve.lling credits to the economic sector in order to restore our holdings abroad
and., on the other hand, selective credit controls to favor the productive sector,
which generates employment.
The results are satisfactory: on 31 August 1980 the total amount of domestic
credit was 280 billion francs, a level slightly below the ceiling fixed for that
period. In the field of credit restriction, the ob~ective was almost achieved: on
30 September 1980 credits accorded the priority sector represented 65.1 per cent
of the financing arranged by the banking system. I recall that we had decided to
allocate 66 percent of banking credits to finax~cing activities of the priority ~
sector. T'his year we shall again follow the same credit restriction policy."
- Concerning the system of export subsidies instituted last 1 September, Mr Thiam
said "Preliminary information on the volume of our imports is encouraging: despite
the increase in the price of petroleum the overall increase in our imports in
current francs was only 3 percent in 1980, against 22 percent in 1979. Nevertheless
, the balance of payments remains heavily in deficit, causing an extensive resort
to f~reign financing."
In connection with foreign assistance the Senegalese prime minister stressed that
"all these new commitments were negotiated under very favorable terms. That is why
ser~~icing our public foreign indebtedness, which reached 21 percent o~ our export
receipts in 1980, will decline to 15 percent in 1982 and 12 percent in 1985."
Stimulate production
According to Mr Thiam the essential thing is the stimulation of production and
productive in~~estments: "Increase in national production and productivity will =
without doubt ensure lasting restoration of the basic financial and economic balance
of the nation. To reach this objective the government seeks to reorient public
investment, and encourage modernization of existing enterprises and the creation
of new ones in the most productive sectors, that is, industry, agriculture,
fishing and tourism.
In recent years public investment has increased more than private investment: it
rose from 40 billion francs in 1975 to more than 80 billion in 1978. However for
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the most part these investments were made in sectors with a deferred return, such
as in basic infrastructure and educational and social development. The result
has been insufficient growth in our productive capacity.
The government has therefore decided to reorient public investments to the productive
aector: in April 1980 the minister of planning and cooperation presented a new
investnient plan for the years 1980-1982. Fifty-five percent of the operations
provided for in this plan will be in the productive sector. The VI Plan, now being
developed, will further this reorientation, giving priority to water projects in
the rural sector.
In agriculture the priority probl~ns are preventing starvation of the people
affected by the drought: (importation of 50,000 t of grain, 3 billion CFA soli-
darity fund), saving the cattle, and preparing for the next agricultural season, -
particularly by safeguarding the country's aeed supply (Cost: 6 billion).
" In the field of rural development, Mr Thiem said "The national community develop-
ment fund (Fonadec) was founded in July 1~80. Funded with 2.3 billion francs, in
a f irst phase it will finance 30 small rice cultivation a~eas in the river region,
18 truck farming projects in the Thies and Sine Saloum regions, about 10 bee
gardens for honey production, and 15 banana plantations in Casamance. The Fonadec
will also outfit around a hundred fishermen in the Louga region. Another institu-
tion for small rural development projects was also founded in July 1980. It is
Gop ec [expansion unknown] and is specifically concerned with the problems of young
agricultural producers in combatting the rural exodus. Ttaenty-three small pro~ects
are about to be put into operation and 76 other pilot pro~ects have been identified."
- Furthermore, according to the prime minister, "Stimulafcion of production in the
primary sector obtained significant results in the sub-sector of sea fishing. In
1980 in fact the catches reached the record level of 340,000 t. Exports of fresh
_ or preserved fish in^rPa~~~ {n 1980 to 32.s bi~~~.~: frgtl~~. T~? g^.t a:. ~d~~ of *_l~e
results achieved let me recall that in 1970, on1yv10 years ago, the total amount
of our exportation of these products was scarcely 2.2 billion francs. The govern- -
ment will continue supporting the development of the fishing industry."
Mr Thiam then cited the government`s principal steps to stimulate production:
relaxing the pricing system, increasing protection of national production b.y raising _
customs duties, export facilities, orienting bank credit to productive sectors,
relaxing the leasing system and simplifying administrative procedures.
Towards a new investment code
Concerning the field of investments the Senegalese chief of government stressed
the "excellent results the interministerial investment committee obtained thie year.
In 1980 it approved 67 prfljects for new enterprises, representing a total of 59.5 -
billion invested. That is the best result ever achieved since independence and
this was done despite the current poor economic situation. For purposes of compar-
ison, in 1977 only 19 projects were approved, for an overall investment of 9.2
billion francs. These figures eloquently illustrate the progress made. But we
should do still more and better to reach by 1985 a pace of creation of new enter-
prises representing 100 billion of investment and 8,000 new jobs ger year.
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"This year the national assembly will be asked to examine a bill replacing the
current system of preliminary authorization for the creation of new enterprises
- by a system of a simple preliminary declaration. Likewise the new draft investment
code which is more encouraging to investment, more likely to preserve healthy
_ competition, and has simpler administrative procedures, will be submitted to you.
We are likewise srudying a system of credit subsidies which our compazriots need to
found production enterprises, " added Mr Thiam. "Our efforts to help the develop-
ment of small and medium Senegalese corporations will also materialize in 1981 by
beginning the construction of three new industrial parks: at Kaolack, Dakar and
Saint-Louis."
Mr Thiam stated that in the energy field "for the first time since the 1974 energy
crisis petroleum consumption in Senegal will have decreased xn relation to the
previous year", adding that beside solar energy Senegal is also studying the use
of imported coal as a substitute for fuel oil, particularly for electricity and
cement production.
"Finally petroleum and mining exploration have been considerably intensified on
national territory. Seismic results of the prospecting carried out this year
justify some optimism and in 1981 French, American and Canadian companies will
carry out land and sea petroleum drilling in the Louga region and in Casamance.
Real hopes are ~ustified in connection with the Casamance deposits. I am also
thinking of a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of our peat deposits on which
we base so many hopes. During the firat half of 1981 we shall have a sufficiently
clear appraisal to mal.e some possible decisions about cultivation."
Final]y, concerning health, "We have undertaken a large-scale modernizati~n and
development program for our medical establishments. Saint-Louis hospital is being
modernized, Le Dantec hospital is being provided new equipment, Ziguinchor hospital
will be enlarged and modernized, the Louga hospital will be built this year. Health
centers for Touba and Tivaouane are under study. Se~~eral health centers will also
be rene~,red and outfitted. In this connection I remind that our 36 health centers
are now all provided with doctors."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9772
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SENEGAL
BRIEFS
PURCHASE PRICE FOR GUM ARABIC--Ac~cording to the terms of a 31 December 1980 decree
of the minister of commerce and the secretary of state for the national forestry
commission, the minimum purchase prices for gum arabic were fixed for the 1980-81
season. The purchase price for middleman dealers is fixed at 180 f CFA francs
per kilo on the scales. Purchase prices for growers are (in CFA francs, per kilo).
_ 175 for hard gum, 70 for crumbly gum and 50 for scraps. A five CFA franc per
kilo forestry tax will be paid in addition. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 309] 9772
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TANZANIA
BRIEFS
DISMISSAL OF TIB OFFICIALS--An official co~?unique published 26 January at Dar-el-
Salaam announced that president Nyerere, now pursuing an anti-corruption policy at
the highest level of the Nation (MTM of 30 January 1981, p. 262) had decided to
dismiss the president and administrator-delegate, Mr George F. Mbowe, as well as
the general manager, Mr Edson K. Tibesigwa, of the Tanzania lnvestment Bank (TIB).
According to the communique this punishment is l~nked to the fact that these two
authorities had sold a ship, the MX Jitegemee, which had come into the possession
of the TIB after the disappearance of the Eastern Africa National Shipping Line
(EANSLI), to a private individual of Tanzanian nationality, Mr Ra~par. The TIB
authorities wEre blamed, on the one hand, for having carried out the transaction in
Tanzanian shillings while the country had paid for the ship in foreign currency,
and, on the other hand, for not having acted as competent high officials in "other
details" o� the transaction. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French 6 Feb 81 v 3I91 9772
ZANZIBAR'S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY IM~ROVES--It is announced in Zanzibar on the
basis of official information that the island's industrial productivity has
_ considerably increased since its industrial install~tions have been receiving
electric current regularly. This is thanks to the underwater cable which provides
them current from the Kidatu plant in continental Tanzania, placed in service last
May. Thus the island's shoe factory currently produces 9,000 pairs per month
against 3,000 in January 1979; and cigarette production rose from 530,000 units
per month in 1979 to 16 million in December 1980; while the production of copra
oil, which only reached 2,600 t in 1979, reached 5,200 t from June to becember
1980. Likewise, the production of non-alcoholic beverages rose from 850 cases
per day to 2,150 cases with the return of regular electric power supply. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 1981 p 320) 9772
DECLINE IN PEMBA CLOVE PRODUCTION--Zanzibar--According to the Zanzibar State
Trading Corporation (ZCTC) production of Island of Pemba cloves rose from 11,200
t for the 1979-80 season to about 5,000 t for 1980-81. Bad weather as well as
_ failure of the peasants to treat the trees are apparantly responsible for this
decline in production wlzich is the more worrisome since Pemba produces 80 percent
of Tanzanian cloves. [TextJ [Paris MARCHES ZROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
6 Feb 81 p 320] 9772
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ZAIRE -
'~OOPERATION AGREII~IEI~~S ON MANAGII~IEENT TRAINING, HEAI~TH SERVICES
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Nov 80 p 3105
[Text] The United States and Zaire have recently come to an agreement on two coop-
era~ion accords, one on management training, the other on health services.
The first envisages a program in management training which will train an executive
class according to the guidelines laid out by the two signatories. About 500 Zairian
executives will be trained by the end of the first 2-year phase. Three stages in
the training program are planned: the training of middle level management in Zaire,
. of high ranking executives participating in special programs in the United Srates
and of special teachers.
The cost of the pro~ect is estimated at $6.3 million, 62 percent to be supplied by
the Zairian executive council which will be able to undertake this financial burden
through the sale of American food supplies. The American government will supply the
remaining $2.5 million.
The organization and administration of the pro~ect will be in the hands of the com-
missioner general of planning, assisted by an American member of USAID. This person
will thus furnish the technl.cal assistance necessary for accomplishing the project
and will assure the participation of consultants and specialists in this area.
The second accord aims at reorienting the present health services system in accenting
preventive health care through health education and cleaning up the environment. It
will be f inanced by the executive council in the amount of 1,869,000 zaires, and by
USAID in the amount of $1,277,000. -
To begin with, volunteers from the Peace Corps will ar~sist in setting up a 1ow cost
_ health services delivery system in the Kongolo zone (North Shaba), adapted to the
_ needs of the population. The systsm will serve as a model for similar systems to
be set up throughout the country. The pro~ect will also provide for the training of
Zairian public health personnel and for sending to Zaire American experts in planning
for health services.
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Cooperation with Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia plans to participate with Zaire in numerous pro~ects in the goal of
realizing cooperation accords between the two countries.
- In particular, the energy sector will aee construction of high tension lines between =
Katana-Goma and Rinshasa-Brazzaville, the opening of a research center at the National
Electricity Company (SNEL), construction of a factory for electrical goods at _
Kinshasa, and construction of a hydroelectric glant at Katinde II, in eastern Kasai. -
Yugoslavia also responded to the call for bids on electrification of the domain of
: Kjsanga in Shaba, as well as fo~- the raiZway line Kinshasa-Matadi.
In the agricultural sector, Yugoslawia is interested in a plant for processing corn
products, also in the development of the Lufira and Ri~anga valleys.
In the scientific area, a group of Zairian experts will spend some time in Yugoslavia
to study methods for processing corn, while a Yugoslavian scientific mission will
come to Kinshasa to set up a program of cooperation in the scientific sector,
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1980
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ZAIRE
BRIEFS
TROOPS TO UGANDAN BORDER--The Zairian elite division "kamanyola" was dispatched to
the Ugandan frontier in response to frequent incursions by the Kampala army in this
sector. Ugandan authorities, in turn, censured Rinshasa for having granted asylum
to the principal leaders of the armed bands still loyal to Idi Amin, including the
- son of the former dictator. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 26 Nov 80 p 42]
8860
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ZIMBABWE
FtZENCH INTEREST IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT REPORTED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS 6 Feb 8? pp 324-325
[Text] The CFCE (French center for foreign trade) organized an information meeting
about Zimbabwe on 28 January in Paris. Many representatives from business circles
- attended.
A DREE representative (Direction of foreign economic relations) stressed the growing
role of the French commercial counselor in Salisbury since 1980, After the proclama-
tion af Zimbabwe independence Coface [French Insurance Company for Foreign TradeJ -
opened a credit-insurance (short- and medium-term) concerning the risks taken in a
- previously "forbidden" country. In November a financial protocol between the French
- authorities and those of Zimbabwe was negotiated. It was to be signed during the
month of March and includes a package of Fr 250 million (including 225 million for
industrial projects and 25 million for ordinary goods) made up of commercial credits
and loans from the French treasury.
Contrary to certain reports, this protocol does not apply to individual operations.
- To become operational beginning next April only the large sectors of application need
be defined. Signing such an agreement does not moreover mean that traditional insur-
ance-credit operations do not apply to Franco-Zimbabwe operations outside the -
zinancial package mentioned above.
As we announced in our last issue, France will be represented at the next Bulawayo
fair, which will take place in April-May. As the DREE spokesman stated, in Paris _
- Zimbabwe is considered "one of the most interesting countries in southern Africa"
with a"very positive" political experience since independence.
Nevertheless French businessmen should not expect to find it a11 that easy to do
business in Zimbabwe, despite the economic aid France has promised. Foreign competi-
tion has sometimes been able to take advantage of situations, such as French hesitancy
_ because of sugar in Zimbabwe's compliance with the Lome Convention. It also can
happen that French prices are not competitive. -
Excellent Economic Balance Sheet
It was up to Mr Daniel Gagneux, French commercial attache at Salisbury, to present
the economic balance sheet of a country too little known in French-speaking business
circles. Mr Gagneux recalled that Zimbabwe, two-thirds the size of France, is
relatively heavily populated (7.26 million inhabitants, including 220,000 Europeans)
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ar.d that its population is very young (55 percent less than 15 years old). He said
its economy is "in an exceptional situation for a developing country" and this is
after 15 years of war. In 1980 real growth was 7 percent. The public debt is of
the order of 200 million Zimbabwe dollars [Z] (Z$1 = approx. 7.20 French francs) and -
servicing the debt represents only 3 percent of exports (compared with 13 to 14 percent,
on Che average, in countries of comparable economic level). The commercial trade ba1-
ance is positive, the one for services is slightly in deficir, and the one for payments
is positive. Hard currency reserves are equal to 4 mouths' importations, and inflation
was limited to 10 percent in 1980.
Zimbabwe's agriculture is one of the most developed in Africa; it has become diversified
after having first been based on tobacco. ~tao million tons of corn is expected to be
produced in 1981, which will permit extensive exports since domestic needs are 800,000
tons. Wheat production is sufficient for domestic consumption; tobacco, cotton
(quality), soy beans, and sugar are exported.
Mining potential, without being immense, is large. It ~s dominated by fnur groups:
Anglo-American Corporation, Lanrho, Rio Tinto and Falconbridge. Zimbabwe is sixth
in the world gold production and second in western world production of ferro-chromium.
It also has large resources in asbestos and coal (second in ~,frican production, after
RSA [Republic of South Africa]), Mining output reached the value of 400 million
Zimbabwe dollars in 1980. It could double by 1985 and triple by 1990.
Industry accounts for 25 percent of the GNP (a slightly higher percentage figure than -
- that for South Africa's GNP). It was very much developed during the period of
sanctions (1965-1979). The mechanical industry is "without equal throughout Af rica."
The textile, wood and furniture, and chemicals sectors are large. Ninety-five per-
cent of domestic consumption requirements are met by local industry which produces
numerous durable goods and exports.
The road network (5,000 km in asphalt) is excellent. The railroads will have electric
power, but the telephone network remains old. The banking network is the most developed
in Africa and insurance activities are extensive.
Outlook for 1981
For the year now beginning a real growth rate of at least 7 percent, perhaps even
10 percent, is estimated, and this could also be the case in 1982. This year growth
will be based on the agricultural sector, thanks to favorable climatic conditions
and also to the refugees who have undertaken cultivation on lands bought back by
the government. In the meantime approximately 200 white farmers out of more than
5,000 have been returning to the farms they had to abandon during the war.
Industry, because of lack of productive capacity, and mines, because of the poor
world economic situation, are expected to have a limited growth.
A deterioration in the commercial trade balance is expected, but the balance of
payments should be in surplus because of large entries of capital.
A tri-ennial development plan is now in preparation and is expected to be published,
as well as an investment code, before a meeting of financial backers which is to
_ take place next March in Salisbury. It is already known that the plan will emphasize -
rural development (ir.rigated f arming, road construction, building hospitals and
- schools) as well as transportation and communication (including rural telephones).
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Rig electrical projects are being studied: a 300 MW plant or, the south bank of
Lake Kariba (cost, $150 million [Zimbabwe dollars?]) extension of the thermal plant
of Wankie under construction (but at a cost of $1 billion, which raises questions as
- to its need) jo~nt construction with Zambia of three dams on the Zambezi, at a cost
of $1 billion each (the Zambia accord is not settled) .
In induGtry the Risco iron and steel group (1 million tons of steel per year) will -
proceed to make investments, just like certain textile firms 30 million), the
parer sector 20 million) and the food industries (Z 50 million for flour milling
anc~ dairy products). Commercial exchanges with foreign countries will remain subject
t-o a strict control of foreign excfiange allocations, requiring the exporter to select
~?ry carefully a local partner having access to both contacts and foreign exchange.
Moreover the large projects in particular will emphasize local participation, Finally,
competition on this market is lively: Great Britain, determined to resume her place
which was lost after the unilateral declaration of independence, Japan (active for
automobiles in particular); Switzerland, Sweden, etc.
j The economic policy of the :~Iugabe government was described by Mr Gagneux as favoring
a"pragmatic socialism" in which a strong state sector includes all vital industries
- (energy, transport and communications, sid erurgy, fertilizers) and coexists with a
private sector having full freedom in the other areas.
The CFCF [French Foreign trade center] is to publish a monograph on Zimbabwe in
- the near future, as well as three mar~cet studies for this country, including agricul-
_ ture-food, textile~ and material, Next May it will send an expert from their research
center to Salisbury as well as two other missions, one in mining materials, and the
other, multi-sectored, for durable goods. Finally, it is preparing for Frencfi
participation in the Bulawayo Fair fro~ 24 April to 3 May next. _
The Financial Situation _
ry, Mr des Deserts, authorized representative of the BIAQ [International Bank for West
Africa] next provided details on the banking organization and on the financial -
- ~-~tuation in Zimbabwe. The per capita CNP was Z540 in 1980, with an average of Z6,000
, for the white population and Z300 for the Blacks.
- Adding to the information furnished by Mr Gagneux, he stressed that the budget 1.4
billion Zimbabwe dollars was only covered by taxes up to Z863 million. It is the -
budget's "weak point". It is very cotiservative with priority accorded defense
expenses (because of the size of the armed forces, including guerrillas).
Other grounds for concern are unemployment and manpower training. The great triumph =
of economic policy during the sanctions, import controls, will be strictl.y maintained.
Foreign currency quotas are granted each y ear by the Central Bank to two professional
groups, ACCOZ and CZI. The exporter should get in touch with them since import
licenses are granted only if a foreign currency authorization has been secured.
Currently exchange controls allow annual reptriation of SO percent of a~vidends after
- taxes for corporations and 100 perce~zt for individuals. By the end of 1980 Zimbabwe
- was in 79th place in the ris~, classi]`ications established for the use of Anglo-Saxon
banks, with a"confidence rating" of 27 percent, comparable to 5enegal or Liberia,
In 6 months the country rose three points on that scale.
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Until now $300 million in iaternational assistance have been granted Zimbabwe,
the principal donor being Great Britain ($115 million) followed by the Unit;ed States
($30 million). The World Bank is considering an aid package of $30 million over
5 years. At the end of the meeting Mr de Lieven of Alsthom Atlantique shared his
experiet~ce as economic partner of Zimbabwe, He dwelt on the role of his company in _
outfitting the thermal plant of Wankie and on its role in supplying electric
locomotives on the national railways.
- The interest of French Enterprises
From January to November 1980, according to a file prepared by the CECE, France
imported Fr 145.5 million worth of Zimbabwe merchandise (CAF) while it exported
Fr 63.19 million worth of products (FOB) to Zimbabwe. These figures cannot be
compared with an earlier situation in view of the existence of economic sanctions
- againstRhodesiafrom 1965 to 1979.
According to the same source it is pointed out that French industrialists are
- interested in the following projects in Zimbabwe: '
--Electrification of the railways (organization responsible: National Railways of _
Zimbabwe).
--Construction of a thermal plant of 1,600 MW at Wankie (Electricity Supply Commission).
--Outfitting of airfields (Department of Civil Aviation).
--Construction of new dams on the Zambezi for irrigating the Sabi val7.ey (Central
- African Power Corporation).
--Development of telecommunications equipment, possible installation of a land station
for satellite communications (Posts and Telecommunications Corporation).
--Creation of new radio-television chains (Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation).
--Construction of new ammonia and fertilizer factories, and ethanol factories using
cane sugar and coal as raw materials (Industrial Development Corporation).
--New sources of energy (solar, in particular); mineral prospecring; health r~-
- infrastructure (construction and modernization of clinics, hospitals, dispensaries);
_ town planning; cattle raising; tropical agricultural equipment; renewal of industrial
' implements... -
Following an investigation carried out by the CFCE, the ATA Walon company stated that
would open a permanent office for air transport affairs in Salisbury in January 1981;
it would also represent t'he TTA company.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
9772
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