JPRS ID: 9613 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300090035-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 35
• Content Type: REPORTS

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- JPRS L/9613 ~
18 March 1981
Sub-Saharan Africa R~ ort
p
FOUO No. 713
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JPRS L/9 613
18 March 1981
SUB-SAHARAid AFRICA REPORT
FOUO N~. 713
CONTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Briefs
Reported Former FNLA Fighters 1
ANGOLA
Possible Mulatto-Black Power Struggle Seen as Threat
(Michel Deboste; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 11 Feb 81) 2
- CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUI3LIC
Briefs
Freedom for Political Parties 5
Four French Financial Agreements 5
- , Needs of Economy 5
- CHAD
Briefs
Visas for French Nationals ~
Trials in Absentia ~
_ Recent Economic nevelopments ~
CONGO
Briefs
Cuban Cooperation Agreement g
- ETHIOPIA
Freedom of Religion Permitted Within Limits
(Jeun-Paul Guetny; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 28 Jan 81) 9
' -a- [III -NE&A-1~20 FOUO]
- ' FnR nFFIf iAi. 'lIRF. (~Ni.Y
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Briefs
ELk' Leaders` Murder 11
GUINEA -
Briefs
Ambassador's Possible Departure 12
' KENYA
Briefs
Sports Project Study Resumed 13
Kenyan Mideast Mission 13
LIBERIA
Briefs
ROK Cooperation Talks 14
_ NIGERIA
'TIMES' Corresponder.t on Carrington Visit
(Karan Thapar; THE TIMES, 20 Feb 81) 15
SENEGAL
Briefs
Data on Food Deficit l~
Employment for Young Graduates 17
TANZANIA
Briefs ls
P1annPd Milk Production Increase
UGANDA
, Briefs 1~
Transport Agreement With Kenya
Livestock Thefts 19
~
ZAIRE
Briefs
= SOFIDE Branch in Shaba
~ Debts to In.ternational Organizations 20
~dest German Railroad Coopera'tion 20
French Loan for Sugar 20
_ Yugoslav Dam Constructi~n Zl
Agreement With PRC Extended 21
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
REPORTED FORMER FNLA FIGHTERS--Several hundred former FNLA guerrillas are
reportedly members of special South African units fighting against the Namibian
SWAPO in the interior of Angola. These men reportedly form a special unit,
"Battalion 32," or "Buffalo Regiment," and are led by former mercenaries from
the Rhodesian army. Their families (about 1,200 persons) allegedly are living
in camps in Northern tJamibia. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 11 Feb 81
p 49]
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ANGOLA
. _
POSSIBLE MULA,TTO BLACK POWER STRUGGLE SEEN AS THREAT
.
, Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 11 Feb 81 pp 42-43
[Article by Michel Deboste: "The Obsession of Black Power"]
[Excerpts) Luanda has become a shadow of its former self. A clean city--since
genuine efforts have been expended by the authorities in this regard--but bleak,
progressively deteriorating, and still bearing the stigmata of past struggles.
Here and there, discolored posters and washed-out graffiti proclaim the merits
of a regime, belied by tt?e appearance of the city: dirty windows of abandoned
' shops, empty super-market shelves and state stores with long lines of potential
customers. Out of the 10,000 stores existing during the Portuguese era, only
3,000 are still functioning. Angola has not gotten over its 1975 hemorrage.
Anxj. e ty
J
The capital is an austere and rigorous city very different fro~ other African
cities, so rich in vivid colors and diverse sounds. Only a few imgorted potatoes,
cabbage and some bananas from the state farms can be four.id; maybe even--on days
of unexpected abundance--a few pieces of ineat or a tr.uckload of fish. In the
evening, there is hardly a place where a glass of water can be obtained, not to
even mention a nightclub.
How can one explain this very depressing atmosphere, this kind of infinite sadness
- which assails a traveler even at the airport, this anxiety that the Angolans tYiem-
selves are trying to shake off? One of them tells me: "Look how the beaches are
crowded on week-ends. This is because we do not look at the city, dreaming
� instead while facing the infinite expanse of the sea."
It is true, of course, that 5 years of pure and hard revolution have changed
the life of the people of Luanda: it is easier now to meet at home or at a
friend's house to drink, dance or sing. Since 1975, Luanda has seen its popula-
t~on triple in size and numbers today more than 1.5 million inhabitants, an
- , unprecedented urban explosion.
Thus, despite the Cubans wt?~ are busy building~ housing is more problematic than
~ ever. The well-known "muceques" have expanded, and housing conditions for the
~ "Zairenses" (Angolans born in Zairej are often deplorable.
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They are numerous, these Zairenses who have elected to live in the capital rather
than ~n their original provinces (Uige, Zaire, Kwanza Norte), when agriculture
and coffee plantations are in dire need of hands. The return to the north of
trained pexsons from the center is even viewed, just like in Portuguese times!
This is sure to upset production infrastructures, distribution channels and even
communication between thos~e who consider Portuguese almost a foreign language and
others who have lost any knowledge of their traditional dialect, Kimbundu or
Kikongo.
~`,ngola's independence has expanded the frontiers of the Lingala. It is estimated
that about 300,000 A~ngolans from Zaire or the Congo ha~e returned to the country
of their ancestors. Some of khem have been successful. They are now occupying
important positions within the party, the government, the army or the administra-
tion.
- Withaut the Cubans
However, the massive arrival of the 300,000 Zairensas could well reveal a more
- serious problem which the authorities are attempting to cover up, but which could
soon explode. The Soviets themselves fear it, since it is the real di;~iding line
between them and the Cubans. Indeed, black power did not die with the Failure of
the Nito Alves cour d'etat, which might have overcome Luanda and its leaders had
the Cubans not been there.
Rdcial tension is noticeable in Luanda, a lot more than MPLA authorities are
_ willing ro acknowledge.
At the December 1980 first extraordinary congress of the Party, the confrontation
between black and mulatto power ended in a tie. Mulattoes occupy key positions
' within the state apparatus and, according to the young black cadres, do not intend
to share them. However, the latter, through expanded training opportunities, are
becoming more numer.ous. They are being reinforced by the Zairenses, who are
- increasingly becoming more sensitive to what they consider slights against them
by mulattoes and even former "assimilados." For the moment, the Zairenses are
~ still not well integrated in a black community critical of the kind of behavior
and customs imported from Kiashasa,
"The danger is real, you must say so," a young colleague--himself an avowed
- marxist--confided to me. It is all the more real because Jonas Savimbi, now
reduced to commando operations, is attempting to use this latent black power for
~ his own ends,
In reality, deep Afrlca, long restricted by Portuguese colonizers, is now awakening
- and becoming conscious oi ics po~etitial u.^.u it~ dr�a:~�,
Lisbon's grand multi-racial myth has indeed been destroyed by the pressure of
- events and simple human logic. The mulatto was not conceived by Portugal as a
symbiosis between the African and the Western cultures, but rather as a progres-
� sive and irreversible process of the loss of African characteristics. To be
called an "assimilado" meant that the mulatto had to prove that he lived and thought
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like a Portuguese. This is still felt in Luanda and explains many a facet of.
Angolan life. This also explains the ideological choice of an intransigent
Mgrxism-Leninism whose master thinker remains Lucio Lara, a non-black, despite
a certain effacement. From there as well is 3erived the Party's instinctive
mistrust of the institution of the "people's power," as it was lived in tt~e
"muceques" during the firsr months of independence.
- Guinea-Bissau's example is so close, so fresh. The silence maintained by offi~ial
authorities on the subject is exemplary and there are no Bissau newspapers to be ~
found at the international pres~ center, while supplies of "socialist" press from
Lu~ophone countries and Eastern-bloc countries are abundant. These tensions, as
well as the MPLA leaders' concern in neutralizing them as soon as possible in
order to preserve national unity and not compromise further the reconstruction -
effort, may possi~bly be the cause of the desire to make overtures to the West,
as evidenced by the mid-January visit to Luanda and Lobito of French Foreign
Minister Jean Francois-Poncet.
Privileged
_ Already towards the end of the Neto era, ~aomen had raised their voices and opened
. the eyes of the poet-president, despite the officially-imposed uniformity in a
~ country where undercurrents and tensions doubtlessly have a hidden reason: the
- crying inequality between the educated elite and a largely illiterate mass.
- Even the Zairenses appear to be privileged, in this respect. Nevertheless, 2.5
million children were in school this year, a�igure 5 times larger than 10 years
ago, and 400,000 adults were attending literacy courses.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1980
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
_ BRIEk'S
- FREEDOM FOR POLITICAL PARTIES---Under the tex~ms of a presidei~tial decision issued
on 23 January in Bangui, the formation of political ~~f:rt~es -Ls i`re~ throughout
the Central African Republic, and politica]. parties, associatiotis, or groups
can openly enter into alliances or merge. The few restrict~.nns made by tt~j.s
_ decision on the principle of freedom it sets forth. concern "ar.y pol:t.tical party
- that would be likely to jeopardize public safety and provoke hatrecl between
ethnic groups." In addition, it has been indicated that the governr,tent is not
subsidizing any political party, association, or group, The ~st recently
established political party in the CAR, on 21 Jaiiuary, invulves the Movement for _
Democracy and Independence (IrIDI), which was recently created by a~udge,
Mr Francois Gueret, former minister of ~ustice in the governmenr of public
salvation formed after the coup d'etat of 21 September 1979. The movement hopes
to bring together all Central Africans, whatever their ethnic or r.egional
origins. It intends to struggle in particular for the strengthening of nar.ional
- unity, economic progress, social justicQ, and ~he protection of national
independence. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPIC9UX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan
81 p 257] 9064
FOUR FRENCH FINANCIAL AGREEMENTS--France and the Central African Republic recently
signed in Bangui four financial agreements representi.ng an overall total. of 815
million CFA francs. In order to contend with *he encl:~.vement of the Cen.tr.al
_ African country, a 330-million CFA franc agreement will a71ow the Centr.al
Afxican Agency for River Co~nunications (ACCF) to overhaul n:Lne barges of 250
liquid tons each and to improve the transportation capacity of the Central_ [lfrican
, Company of River Transportation (SOCATRAF), in which it is a partner. for its
_ private interests. At the same time, ~wo forms of aid are being supplied to the
Ministry of Rural Development: one in the amount of 160 million CFA ~rancs
centered on professional training, and the other in the amount of ?_50 mi113.on
_ CFA francs for partial �inancing o� the r_ombined cotton~food crops project in
the savanna area. Finally, France has decided to furnish spec:i.al assistance to
the Central African Government that w~.11 result in a replacement of computer
equipment in the National T_nformation Of.f.ice (ON:I) . This assistance w~t11 be at
a cost of 75 million CFA francs. [Text] [Parj.s MARCHFS TROPICAIIX F,T
MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 257] 9064 -
NEEDS OF ECONOMY--The needs of the Central Afrir_an Republic~s economy to ~'correct
a catastrophic situation at the erid o.f. 14 yeaxs of negJ.igence" amounts to 80
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billion CFA ixanr.s, Central Af:�ican riinis~er o~ r'oreign Af:Eairs Bedaya Ngaro stated
in Geneva on 23 January . Tt~e min.ister visit~d the United Nations 3nd its
principal specialized agencie.s car~ying out a fallowup mission on a recent
Lesolution of the GPneral. Asse~nbl.y l.ntroduced by 41 countries (including France)
~ recommending tihe establishment oi an emergency facility to allocate immediat2
assistance ta Che Ck::� rir I~Igaro als~ went to New York and Paris. At the UN
headqLarters, he met 1JTi Secretary General KurL- Waldlleim, the direceors of the
UNDp, UNICI;F, WFP, and FAOe ln Genevaq t:tie head of the Ce~.itral African Republlc~s -
diplomatj.c co~,_ps was rece:t~ed i~y the dl;.ectors of the WHO, ILO, GATT, and UNCTAD. -
In Paris he went to Lhe headquarters of U1V~SC0. He also met with French Govern- _
ment officials. [Text) [Paris ~i1ARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
30 Jan 81 p 257] 90b4
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CHAD
BRIEgS
VISAS FOR FRENCH NATIONALS--Visas are now required for persons under France�s ~
jurisdiction to enter Chad, and therefore several French journalists have been
detained in Nd~amena since 22 January. This decision by Chadian authorities _
seems to be in response to analogous rules made by Paris on 7 January with regard
to Chadian citizens wishing to go to France. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPTCAUX
_ ET MEDITEkRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 257] 9064
- TRIALS IN ABSENTIA--A criminal court is going to be set up in Ndjamena to try in
- � absentia seven off~cials including the former rebel minister of defense, Mr
Hissene Habre. The court will also try Messrs Idriss Miskine, vice presider.t
of ~he Armed Forces of the North (FAN); Mahamat Saah Ahmat, former minister of
finance; Mahamat Noury, member of the Counnand Council of the FAN; Michel Froud,
FAN spokesman; Khalil d'Abzac, member of the Command Council of the FAN; and
Rhamis Togoi, FAN radio announcer during the war and former head of President
Goukouni Oueddei~s press service. jText] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 257] 9064
, RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS--Mr Michel Kosnaye, Chad minister of economy,
recently stated to the AFP "that there is no longer an economy" in Chad. However,
this assertion was tempered by the statenents of Mr Bailou Naimbaye Lossimian,
' the minister of agricult~sre, whu told the same news agency that the cotton harvest
amounted to 90,000 tons last year and that the authorities are expecting a harvest
on the order of 80,000 tons for the current season (in 1976 and 1977 tYcese figures
were 178,000 tons and 160,000 tons r es~ectively). Paying the civil servants
and reviving the banking system, acco rding to AFP, appear to observers as two
preconditions for any economic upturn. To avoid an onrush of depositors when the
banks reopen their doors, the minister of economy intends to impose a moratorium
and obtain, in the banks' favor, sizable financial assistance from several _
international agencies (the World Bank, the ADB [African Development Bank],
, BADEA jArab Bank for African Economic Development] etc) or indirectly through
bilateral agreements. Moreover, all the national and private companies must draw
up a balancesheet of their economic and financial situations. The latter is
; hardly brilliant, even when it involves Chad Coton, on which falls the responsi~ -
bility of paying hundreds of thousands of small cotton farmers in the South. In
the immediate future, a great deal is expected in Ndjamena from international
organizativns (the United Nations, the T.MP, the OAU) and agencies such as the OPEC
Fund for African Development. jText] jParis MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDTTERRANEENS -
, in French 30 Jan 8~ p 258] 9064
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CONGO
BRIEFS
CUBAN COOPERATION AGREEMENT--A memorandum of understanding for economic,
_ scientific, and technical cooperation between Cuba and the Congo was signed on
26 January in Havana by Congo Minister of Agriculture Marius Mouambenga and
Cuban Minister of Finance Francisco Garcia Valls. The agreement involves
cooperation in the fields of agriculture, health, ccnstruction, and education. ~
[Text] [Paris MARCHE~ TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 258]
9064
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; ETHIOPIA
FREEDOM OF RELIGION PERMITTED WITHIN LIMTTS
_ Paris 3EUNE AFRIQUE in French 28 Jan 81 pp 63-64 =
[Article by Jean-Paul Guetny: "Lenin in the Shadow of the Church"]
[Excerpts) "Prol.etarians of the world, unite." After leaving the airport, Lenin's
_ appeal resounds, white on blue. It is warm in Addis Ababa today, 16 January.
_ Ten minutes later, in Revolution Square, one can see the giant portraits of Marx,
Engels and Lenin. No pictures of Mengistu Haile Mariam, Ethiopia's master. A -
few steps down, even Santa Claus has turned Marxist-Leninist, by garlandiug the
trees with lights in the shape Qf hammers and sickles.
Except for this, Addis Ababa is an African city like r?any others, without more
palicemen in the streets, but perhaps nore poverty.
On Sunday the 17th, in the taxi taking me to the market (the famous "mercato")
I w~s continuously "harpooned" by children, old people, handicapped persons. On
- Sunday morning, a ragged-looking univer~ity student followed me for a good while
- in an attempt to exchange for dollars a(modest) Greek bill he had received from
a tourist.
In the city buiit by Menelik in 1887, one has the impression that shops are few.
Certain international workers claim food shortages, especially sugar. But it is
enough to go to the "mercato" to perceive that this is an exaggeration. Women sit
- behind enormous mounds of butter wrapped in banana leaves. There are tomatoes,
too. Spices are in evidence, as well as the famous coffee (even though it is said
that the Soviets are taking away most of it at a low price), and criickens cackle
in their cages. Wnat remain~ to l~e seen is, who can benefit from the foodstuffs. -
I do not know whetl~er those little shops selling orthodox crosses and leather
paintings representing Biblical episodes are too busy: in spite of the recent
efforts of the Ethiopian authorities to foster tourism, vacationers are not often
seen around here.
"Cooperants" from Eastern bloc countries and Cuba are almost non-existent in the
streets of Addis. Not one Cuban could be seen. On the other hand, after dark _
one night when sidewalks became busier, I met a small group of people who laoked
as Russian as vodka.
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Night clubs are for foreigners. They told me that not too long ago, all the
. pretty Ethiopian girls freyuenting them with their friends were arrested. All of -
a sudden, some foreigners f.ee1 like sta~ing home nights...
- In contrast, churches in Addi~ are well attended. A French-speaking Ethiopian -
told me that "for the feast of Saint Gabriel, the Saint Stefanos church was cr.owded
to capacity." How does the regime view this? It reapects freedom of religion,
while at the same time limiting freedom of ~ittendance: from ;ahat I could see, _
churches are only open early in the morning.
When doors are closed, the faithful kneel and cross themselves in front of them.
On Sur.day the 18th, around 1100 hours, the Addis women, most of them dressed in
their traditional costumes, were already converging on the point of departure of
the procession which would take place in the afternoon.
_ Those who speak of the f.ormer i.mperial regime use hard words. Someone sums it
- up: "It was when only one owned everything." How about now? "Now," my Greek
money exchanger te11s me, "look at these luxurious apartment houses. People can
spend millions to buy them." "Is the revolution, then, a mistake?" "No, but it ;
has not ~one far enaugh in abolishing privileges."
I believe that there. is almost s;