JPRS ID: 9583 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300090005-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 90
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 5
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9583
2 March 1981
. . . : : u : _ ~ . . .
~ Y
Wor~dwide Re ort
p
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
_ CFOUO 10/81)
~ FBO$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATIQN SERVICE
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NOTE
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FOREIGN BROADCAST ~NFORMATION SERVICE
P. O. Box 2604
- Washington, D. C. 20013
_ Z.G February 1J81
iVUTE FR01~1 'I1fIi I)IRLCfUIt, FBIS: -
Forty year�s ago, tlle U. S. Government inauKurated a~ZC~v
- service to monitor foreign public broadcasts. /1 Eew years later -
a sunilar group was establ.ished to exploit th~ foreign press.
From thc~ i;~erger of these organizations evolved the-, present-d;-~y
FI~IS. Our constant goal tlirougiiout ]las been to proviclc our read~rs .
with rapicl, accurate, and compreliensive reporting from tlie public
rnedia wor~ldiaicle.
On bellalf. of all oF us in FBIS I wi.sh to express appreci.at.ioii
to our rcaclers wlio llave guided our efforts t}lrougi~out the years. -
k
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JPRS L/9583
2 March 1981
. WORLDWIDE REPORT
- NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
~FOUO 10 / 81)
CONTENTS
; ASIA -
i
BURMA.
About 5 210 Acres of Po ies De tr ed
~ PP s oY
(Rangoon Domestic Service, 17 Feb 81) � o,o.........oo,,,o, 1
~
~ Briefs
i
ii Heroin Seized 2
INDIA
~ Briefs -
Policeman With Opium 3
- INDONESIA _
Drug Addiction in Indonesia, Other ASEAN Countries
(SINAR HARAPAN, 6 Dec 80; KOMPAS9 13 Dec 80) o� o,ooo,,,,o. 5
Indonesia in Last Place
Official Figures
' International Narcotics Smugglers Apprehended
(SINA.R HARAPAN MINGGU, 14 Dec 80) ......o,oo,o.......o.,,.. 6
MAIAYSIA
- Wider Spectrum of Sarawak Society Aff ected by Drug Abuse
(K.C. Jong; BORNEO BULLETIN, 10 Jan 81) .....o,,.,,o,oo,oo, 8 _
Sarawak Chinese To Launch Antina.rcotics Campaign
(K.C. Jong; BORNEO BULLETIN, 10 Jan 81) ......ooo � o,o �o.a 9
- a - (III - WW - 138 FOUOj
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Briefs
Sentenced for Possession 10
Heroin Sentence 10
Heroin Offense 10
Other Counzry Arrests 10
Three Sentenced 10
Heroin Charge 1~'
Mother, Son Tried 11
Heroin Trial 11
pAKISTAN
Draft Law on Narcotics To Be Submitted to Cabinet
(Sikander Ha.yat; THE MUSLIM, 8 Feb 81) ,ooooo~ooaooaoo~o~~~ 12
Briefs
- Hashish Oil, Opium 5eized 13
Opium, Charas Seized 13
THAILAI~ID
(
Briefs ~
Campaign Against Marihua.na. 14
CANADA
Drug Expert Ca.lls Ottawa 'Hash Capital' of North America
(Roswitha Guggi; TIiE CITIZEN, 16 Jan 81) o000000.000000~~~~ 15
EAST EUROPE
CZECHOSLOVAKIA.
Briefs 1~
Cocaine Smuggler
LP,T IN AMERI CA
' BOLIVIA.
Drug Trafficking Linked to Sabotage ~8
(Gerardo Irusta; LATIN, 11 Feb 81) a............voooooo~oo~~
COLOMBIA
Police NCO's Caught Trafficking in Ma.rihua.na 19
(EL TIENII'0, 23 Dec 80) ........ooooooo�o���o�~~~~~~~~~~�^~~~
Military Men Tried for Trafficking
(EL ESPECTADOR, 20 Dec 80) .......ooooaao~oo~ao~~~~~~~~~~~~� 20
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Junguito's Book on Drug Economics Discussed
(Carlos Caballero Argaez ; EL ~III~IPO, 2,Tan 81) o 0 0, o, a, 23
Briefs
Guatemalan Official Arrested 26
- Traffickers, Weapons Seized 26
MEXICO
State P~osecutor Criticized for Freeing Tra~ficker
(EL DIARIO DE NUEVO LAREDO, 15 Jan 81) o,,,.oa,o.,oo,o,,,.0 27
Traffickers Killed in S.5 Ton Marihuana Seizure
(LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA, 10 Jan 81) .o,a � ooo...,,o,,,o,o,o, 29
~ Heroin Traffickers Captured by Federal Judicial Police
(EL SOL DE SINALQA, 13 Jan 81) ......o.oo,o,o...o.o...,.o � 31
~
Marihuana Flown From Colombia Seized, Traffickers Caught .
(LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA, 14, 20 Jan 81) oo,........~,o,,,oo, 32
, Ma.rihuana. Burned, 13 Arrested -
Traffickers Officially Jailed
I' Operation 'Canador' Activities Intensified
(EL SOL D~ SIN6.LOA, 23 Jan 81) .......ooooo000000000~00000, 36
;
, Marihuana Traffickers Given Jail Sentences
(EL DLARIO DE NUEVO LA.REDO, 28 Jan 71) ...........ooo~~o.o0 37
Opium Gum Traf�icker Arrested, Confesses
I (EL SOL AE SIIdAALC1A, 19 Jan 61) .o...,.....o,o,a,,,.,....o � 38
I
, Five Opium Gum Traffickers Captured
(EL SOL DE SINALOA, 18 Jan 81) ..,,oo.o,,,oo.,oo,....o� ooa 39
~I
Three Heroin Traffickers Captured After Pursuit
(EL SOL DE SINALOA, 1 Feb 81) ....,.,,o,o,o,,,oo.,o,oo.,,,, 40
Briefs
Major Trafficking Cut Claimed 41 -
Ma.rihuana, Pill Trafficker Caught 4Z
Inhalant Sale Ban Ineffective 41
Heroin Trafficker Captured 42
NoYthwest Antidrug Action 42
PERU
Briefs
Cocaine 5eizure 43
Traffickers Arrested, Cocaine Seized 43
Drug Traffickers Arrested 43
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Colombian Traffickers Arrested 43
- Woman Trafficker Arrested 43
Drug Arrest 43
NEA.R EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
~ -
zx~rt
New Antinarcotics Chiefs Outline Program
(Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi, et al Interview; KEYHAN
~ 15 Jan 81) .......oo.o...........oooooooo.....a~.~oooo~oooo0 44 _
Hundreds of Kilos of Narcotics Seized in the East
(SOB:1-E EIZADEGAN, 10 Jan 81) ....oo.oooo.oo.o.o..ooooooooaoo 49
Central Committee To Intensify Antinarcotics Campaign -
(MIZAN, 25 Dec 80) ................ooooo0000000..0.000~00000 51
Briefs
Narcotic Convicts Released 52
S~augglers Arrested . 52
Narcotic Dealers Sentenced 52 I
Opium Cultivation Banned 52 !
~ Narcotics Confiscated 52 -
Narcotics Seized 52
Narcotics Recovered 52
SUDAN
Briefs
Port Sudan Drug Ra.ids 54
YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC
.
Composition, Cultivation, Use of Qat Detailed
('Abd-al-Maw1a Murshid; AL-WAHIaAIi, 17 Dec 80) o,ooo,oo,ooo, 55
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
GI~NA.
Police Ordered To Set Up Narcotics Unit
(Breda Atta-Quayson; I~ILY GRA.PHIC, 30 Jan 81) .o.......oo0 60
Ghanaians Arrested in London for Drug Smuggling
~ (LIAIZY GRAPHIC, 2, 4 Feb 81) ...oo�ooo,o.o.o~oooa.o�o,o� 61
Announcement Ntade
_ Smugglers~ Characteristics
- d -
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LIB ERIA,
Arrests of Ghana.ian, Nigerian Smugglers
(?~?EW LIBERIAN, 30 Jan 81) ...oooooo,..o,o,,.~ooooooooo~,oo0 62
_ SOUTH AFP.ICA
Briefs
Year's Dagga Haul 63
- WEST EUROPE ~
DENMARK
Local Volunteer Antinarcotics Groups Register Successes
- (Peter B.V, Jensen; INFORMATION, 7 Jan 81) ..oo,oo,,.,o,,,0 64
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
I Heroin Sta~istics for West Berlin in 1980
~ (DER TAGESSPIEGEL, 30 Dec 80) o,.o,, .............o~ooov.o... 69
FINIAND -
j Briefs
~ Helsinki Heroin Seizure 70 -
GREECE
I
I Conclusions From Narcotics Semi.nar Reported
~ (N. Kouysogiorga; EXORMISI, 17 Jan 81) o.oo.ooooooooe.,o.o.. 71
~
~ ITALY
i
~ Briefs
I -
I, Morphine Base Haul 74
j Ten Kilos of Heroin Seized 74
Syrian Courier Arrest 74
I Eleven Kilos of Cocaine Seized 74
Seventy Kilos of Drugs Seized 75
Cocaine From Bolivia Seized 75 ~
�
NORWAY ,
Customs Drug Confiscations Set P~ew Record in 1980
(Petter Nome; ARBEIDERBLADET, 20 Dec 80) .o..ooo..oa,o.oa,,, 76
Briefs
Sentence for Heroin Smuggling 78
Lower iieroin Street Price 78
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SWEDEN
Narcotics Medical Officer Defends New Enforcement Law
(SVENSKA D~4GBLADET, 7 Jan 81) .........oooooo~oo~oa~~~a~~~ 79
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BURMA
ABOUT 5,210 ACRES OF POPPIES DES'PROYED
BK171420 Rangoon Domeatic Servic~ in Burmese 1330 GP2T 17 Feb 81
[TextJ In accordance with the resolution passed at the fourth meeting of the
First People's Assembly which calls for a nationwide effort to eradicate narcotic
drugs which can cause national atrophy, poppy plantations, like in the past years, _
are alsu being destroyed under operation "The bloom of hell--phase one" thig year
under thQ arrangements of the Central Narcotics Control Board. `
I
Accordingly, from 25 November 1980 to date, a total of about 5,210 acres o� poppy
plantations have been destroyed by the armed forces, the people's police force,
security control units and regional police units in cooperation with the local
populace and under the leadership of the party and people's councils concerned.
To observe and inspect the destruction of poppy plantations, Deputy Minister of
Home and Religious Affairs Col. Min Naung, who is also the secretary of the central
~ board, chief of the people's police force U Thein Aung and director ~eneral of -
_ the Manpower and i~esettlement Department Col Than Hla visited Mong Hsat on the
- morning of 16 February by military aircraft. Phillip Zealey, liaison officer
of the UN-Burma program for drug abuse control; (George B. Sherry), deputy in
charge [as heard] of the U.S. Embassy; and others accompanied the Burmese officials.
The party, led by the deputy minister, visited (Loi Chan) mountain slope, (Mong
Hok) village tract in Mong Hsat township by helicopter and joined the local people
in destroying 10 acres of poppies on the mountain slope.
~
The party later went around the township inspecting poppy plantations already
; destroyed and proceeded to Taunggyi. In the evening, chairman of the Shan State
Regional Party Committee and commander of the eastern military command Brig
~ Gen Hla U feted the deputy minister and his party at the Pinlon Hall.
The deputy minister and his party left H2ho by military plane and arrived in
Rangoon this morning.
CSO: 5300
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BURMA
BRIEFS
HEROIN SEIZED--Rangoon, 28 Jan--Police seized were [as published] packets of
heroin each with a street value of K 25 from one Aung Chan (30) of Golden Valley,
at the corr.er of Ma Kyee Kyee and Moemakha S treets in Sanchaung this morning.
Acting on information given by Aung Chan, police also arrested Ma Ohn Ngwe (28) _
of No 72, Moemakha Srreet who allegedly sold the drug to Aung Chan. Police are
taking action against them.--(300) [Text] [Rangoon THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY
- in English 29 Jan 81 p 5] '
(
.
CSO: 5300
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INDIA
BRIEFS
POLICEMAN WITH OPIUM--Constable Haider Ali of the Madhya Pradesh police posted at
Police station Agra in the Morena district was arrested along with two "bad charac- ~
ters" of the Cen*_ral district--Munna and Shamim--from Paharganj on Thursday night.
Two kilograms of opium was reportedly Y~covered from their possession when police _
raided Munna's house. The raid was a part of the drive against bad characters
- of the area. Further investigations are in progress. [Text] [New Delhi. PATRI:OT in
English 10 Jan 81 p 1]
CSO: 5300
,
~
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INDONESIA
DRUG ADDICTION IN INDONESIA, OTHER ASEAN COUNTRIES
Indonesia in Last Place
Jakarta SINAR HARAPAN in Indonesian 6 Dec 80 pp 1, 4
[Excerpt] There are 10,000 dr ug addicts in Indonesia, according to a secret docu- -
ment obtained by the AFP press agency from tt~e Thai Narcotics Control Board. -
But among the five ASEAN states, Indonesia is listed as fifth in the number of
_ narcotics victims. -
According t~ the secret document, Thailand has thasm15t000dandSSingapo~re 13,OOOS�
Malaysia follows with 300,000. The Philippines ~
narcotics victims.
The document, which contains reports and statistics gathered last May, was passed
on to European and Asian narcotics control officers who wer~ meeting in Chiang
Mai last week.
The ma~ority of drug addicts in Asia are still under 30 years of age, the report
states. But the pattern of drug abuse differs.
Hong Kong has 35,000 drug addicts. According to the report there are 500,000 to
600,000 drug addicts in the United StUtss~ olulation,~the percentagelisdstillt
when contrasted with the size of the P p
small .
The heroin drug used in Thailand is type No 4, classified as strong.
In Ma.laysia in general they use heroin No 3, whose color is "yellow sugar" and is
less pure as well as inexpensive.
In Indonesia marihuana (gan~a) is used for the most part; opium, morphine, and
heroin to a lesser extent.
Marihuana is also used widely in the Philippines. But valium and cocaine are
~ greatly sought after by the addicts.
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Off icial Figures
Jakarta KOMPAS in Indonesian 13 Dec 80 p 1
[Text] In Indonesia up to June 1980 the number of drug addicts listed was only
265 persons and not 10,000 as reparted by a number of dailies in Jakarta last
5 and 6 December. So declared the Indonesian State Police Information Service
in its statement on Thursday.
The data on the number of addicts were compiled from reports submitted by all
Police Regional Commands. As of June _1480 there were 462 narcotics violations
reported, of which 275 cases have been settled. Persons held because they have
been accused of being involved in narcotics crimes number 697 Indonesians and
32 foreigners.
- A number of newspapers reported that records listed 10,000 ad.dicts as of May 1980.
The first report, which came from the AFP and was quoted by ANTARA, said that the
figure was obtained from a secret document of the Thai Narcotics Control Board.
9792
CSO: 5300
S
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INDONESIA
INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS SMUGGLERS APPREHENDED
Jakarta SINAR HARAPAN MINGGU in Indonesian 14 Dec 80 pp 1, 11
[Excerpts] Narcotics cantinue to pose a threat to Indonesia despite the announce-
ment by the Thai Narcotics Control Board that Indonesia, with 10,000 addicts, is
in f ifth place among ASEAN states. We should consider what this situation means
to us, instead of simply looking at the figures," SHM's source said.
In our nation most addicts use marihuana. A minority of addicts use heroin,
morphine and other G-list drugs.
- Wtiat happened in Indonesia in May 1979 should not be taken lightly. In that month
narcotics smugglers who used Halim Perdana Kusumah airport in an attempt to smug-
gle 5 kg of pure heroin to Amsterdam were arrested. The mastermind, Kiem Soei,
40, was living in Priok. He was captured and is now in custody awaiting trial.
Alok, who lived in Medan, learned of Kiem's arrest and was able to escape. He is
- still wanted by the authorities.
Alok has very close connections with Mafia figures arrested by the Dutch police.
An i.nvestigation found that Kiem Soei and Alok cooperated closely in running a
~ narcotics smuggling network from Penang-Medan-Jakarta to the outside world.
Dutch courts have tried three Mafia figures in Amsterdam who were involved in
the unsuccessful attempt to smuggle the 5 kg of heroin to the Netherlands. The
"mastermind" was sentenced to a prison term of 5 years and the other two persons
were freed. It is not clear why they were released.
SHM's source thinks that the two Mafia figures who were released may have estab-
lished contact with Alok and his friends, who are still at large.
Further investigation is needed of the possibility of a link between these people
and the smuggler Tja A Moi. He was arrested in 1977 at Halim airport in connec-
tion with the smuggling of 9 kg of opium and 4 kg of heroin from Singapore to
Indonesia.
The Tnai Narcotics Control Board is correct in saying that the most widely used
- drug in Indonesia is marihuana, followed by opium, morphine and heroin. Proof of
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~
this is found in the frequent smuggling of marihuana from Medan to Jakarta. Gov-
ernment agents have arrested smugglers and seized marihuana. The question is why
hundreds of kilograms of marihuana are being smuggled from Medan to Jakarta. Is
i the marihuana for the use of addicts in Indonesia, or is it being smuggled aut to
Europe through Halim, Priok and Den Pasar, or to Australia via Papua New Guinea?
Does this smuggling network from Indonesia to other countries use foreign smug-
glers?
We still remember the case of Donald Andrew Ahern, 45, a pilot with a British pass-
port who was arrested by government agents at Ngurah Rai airport, Bali in 1977.
He was carrying a ton of dried marihuana in a twin engine Cessna, identification
number VH-FGD.
His destination was Australia, via Darwin, and a small airport once used as an
air base during World War II.
Donald and his assistant, David Allen Rif.fe, 43, who held an American passport,
were sentenced respectively by the Den Pasar court to 9 and 5 years imprisonment.
It is most disturbing that due to the subterfuge of an official, Donald and David
were able to esca~,e from prison.
But Donald did not repent of his deeds. In 1978 he repeated his performance,
this time flying a twin engine Aero Commander carrying tons of marihuana to Aus-
tralia.
This attempt was detected by the Australian Air Force, which happens to have a _
base in Malaysia. A Hercules aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force traced
the route of the plane piloted by Donald. Donald uses the aliases of Peter Jones,
Ivan Ross Tait, John William Vaughn and Donald Tait.
On th~ first flight he took the Penang-Singapore-Bali-Australia (Darwin?) route.
On the second run he flew from Penang or Bangkok to Brunei, over Sulawesi (per-
' haps landing at an airport there) and Timor to Darwin.
He was being trailed by an RAAF Hercules plane and told to land in Darwin, but _
instead landed at a small, unused airport near the town of Katherine, not far
- from Darwin.
By using tracking dogs, the Australian police were able to capture Donald alive.
He has been sentenced to 5 years imprisonment.
Wh~t is the attitude of the tnc!onesian government toward this convicted criminal?
After his sentence is completed in Darwin, will his extradition to Indonesia be
requested through the Australian government in connection with his escape from
Che D?n Pasar ~ail?
9792
CSO: 5300
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,1ALAYSIA
WIDE; SPECTRUN: OF SARAWAK SOCIEZI'AFFECTED BY DRUG ABUSE
Kuala Belait BORNEO BULLETZN in English 10 Jan 81 p 2 _
[Article by K.C. Jong]
KUCE~TG. Polic~ aati~dru~ nnit to �ombat
. [Text ) ay dru~ abwe in Sara- ~e drui menacx. c4rrY-
aak u~preadin~ W ta in~ out raidt oa premisa
� ver~l Mctoe of soaaty. md roundin~ up s~apec.
W6as+e pcaviousty it ted addicsa.
pu msinly the jobteo: One rauk w~~s many
or odd'pb worf~en aho n0d from the
- wero addicta. now thato tiate capital to other
are sevaal othen - hlcs ~in towna - Sibu. Mi-
~ m~ ri and Bintulu - and
- ' dnde_~rL; liko ~van� fuctha to Beunei and
. Sabah.
- ~ ~PbY~. ~ While po6ce claim la
thae include palice. cal wccaa ia nabbin~
A bmkdow~n ot thr addicta, tbry are 1as
daaa of l20 addicu happy about eucass in
- curready bein~ treated st catching tra6ickets. ~
the rehib~litatioa . antre Most of the dru~,s
here underliner tbi~. (mainly heroin) come m
Forty-tour of thae from Penintular Malay-
ue npaaed a~ odd'pb eia bY eea and air. but
workeis. 31 joblat. Po~ce aten't gdtinR in-
There ue four rtudenti, formahon in time W
grab the kry m~m at the
a either 14 or I3. d~g Q~,
~ae are I1 ~overnmeat ~e ue often
~PIO}'Oa~ ~'O ~ fonnd mized with 6ead-
pohca Seventean othar ache or ~lxpir?~ P~11e and -
addicb worked for rds- other w6itr wbstancea in
tiva in ihop~ while~ the anempta� to di~guiae -
bala~e (13) ~vet+e em- tham. T3ry ue ueually
a�~~ tound packed, a few
Mat an ia the 20~30� milliQtammes at ~ time,
in +leader tnbes.
a~e 4roup aad oety a ~n at SIS apiece
few o~er 30. on the blaclc market and
The ceatre be~an in an addict uaually needa
Fabnury lut Y~~ P~- two s day to maintsin
~~i a~+~+ ~ 4 his habit
awmh traCment. By the A,nsdicts have beea
end ot the yar; 67 hsd b~~~ for moat of the
- been rehsb~itated and thefu and other criminal
~~d acta in and around Ku-
The oeatre is onl~ for Aa tho; need at
mala - it ha no faci- lwt S30 a day w feed
- litia tor women. 'Ibry theit habit. and aa the
are to ~et a c~ntn of chancp of earning thia
their o~vn and it ahould as, ~ay, a labourer or ju-
be rcady witbia a few nior empioyee of a firm,
month~. are slender, they reeart
Kuchin j Pelice lut to rte~lia~.
yeu Wtmod a wxial
CSO : S 300 8
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MALAYSIA
SARAWAK CHINESE TO LAUNCH ANTINARCOTICS CAI~AIGN
Kuala Belait BORNEO BULLETIN in English 10 Jan 81 p 2
[Article by K.C. Jong] _
[Text] &UCHING. Woc~ `f~llowing a said t~e aim ie to head -
ded :t the auwunt of: ~Od~'~y �f t~e u' the eEforts to drive
home to the Chinex com-
dcuq.talcing amons their ~Ia November-Decem� municy the hard -iruch of
people, leaders of Chin- ber the federa~tioa had the daM'en druga pre-
ae o~'Baaisations ia. the ~ with various peoDic 3eat.
Fint Divisioo as'~ ~ al~o vicallY coacezaed It will be atriving to
- mouat a W'g ~tBn about the drugs Problem. educa?te the young to
against the menace. ~ Thae included A~- avoid drug~taking, and
The Federation of Fire tant Welfare .Mini~ter ala to back-up the gov-
Cy~~ Yuaa Haf~ah Hstntn. the ecnmeat'~ anti-drug abux
ats mor P~~n~ ~cretary to progrsmme.
~O~ the Weltare Mini:try, AmonB the acavities
thAn 100 ~'Ba~aO�~ ~r Darrell Taea, aad will be ~inan on drug
~ ib aim will be t Firn�Divisionpo
lice c}uef dangas (involving ealks
~et aaro~ t6e m, Mr V'mceat Khoo. bp a~per~s ,n the fidd),
~ d~~ k'll' 'Thty, told ~of what's a major exhibition, esiay
T~ f~nOD f~~ happening on divg sbuu and poeter c~mperitions.
~~y
IIY~ ~~y a]so ~hOwed the fo- and the distribution of
~ by deratioa repre~eautivea literature underlining the
leut" 75 perceat of 3a-, the governmeat's rehabi- problem ~
d~ ~ litation ceau'e along ICw The committee i~ loolc-
~~u ~ ehing AirPort Road. inR for wide~nread sun-
P~~ fl~~ The iederation's anti-, n~+rt. not onl~ frnm iu
dicate tbe Fint Divuion drug drive Mn'll be under ,leo Pa ~ra~schoolt
ehe ~esdee~hin ot Mr
bu b}r far the lar~at ~ Ch~ g~g '~n, who re~achen.
_ ~~ct total, of some
1,000 (bY compuiwn
there are 400 rec~'ded in
the Fourth D~vu~on, 3~
in the 'Ibird Divitiod~
- Beit p~ce believe ehat
with dru6 trafs~c,kezs and
Iwrs u~as oi dru~+ add-
ed; tbe actual total of
~ iyusen in the Fissc
- Diviiion msy be se high
~ 10,000.
So the federation has
kt up a special anti~ruB
~buse cammittx eo cua in
CSO: 5300
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MALAYSIA
BRIEFS
SENTENCED FOR POSSESSION--Goh Sork Wui, 30, was sentenced to 1'~ years in jail on
20 December by the magistrate's court in Ipoh. He was found guilty of possessing
1.03 grams of heroin on 1 August 1980 in Tpoh. He also was found guilty of pos-
sessing 0.13 grams of morphine at the same time and place and received a sentence
uf 6 months on this charge. The sentences will run concurrently. Goh has two pre-
~�ious convictions. [Kuala Lumpur PdEW STRAITS TIMES in English 20 Dec 80 p 9]
HEROIN SENTENCE--Mohammed Noor bin Daud Kons, 26, received a 9 months sentence on
23 December for possession of 0.50 grams of heroin in Itampung Jawa, Ipoh on 22 April
1980. He is a former policeman. [Kuala ~umpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 23 Dec
80 p 7]
HEROIN OFFENSE--The sessions court in Kuala Lumpur sentenced Quek Chon Heng, 34, a
coffee shop assistant, to 3 years in jail and 6 strokes of the rattan on 23 December.
Quek plead guilty to possessing 12.5 grams of heroin. He was arrested on 18 October
J.977 when he was found carrying a parcel containing three plastic packets of heroin.
[Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TID'IES in English 23 Dec 80 p 10]
OTHER COUNTRY ARRESTSn-CID Director Datuk Abdul Rahman Ismail has announced that 23
Malaysians were arrested abroad for narcotics possession during the first 8 months
of 1980. He said that 8 Malaysians were arrested in Germany, 3 in France, 3 in the
Netherlands, 2 in Burma, 2 in Hongkong and the remainder in Canada, Belgium, Italy,
Australia, Japan and Thailand. Singapore police also detained 112 Malaysians for
possession. Twenty-three Malaysians also were arrested abroad for drug offenses
last year, s5 in 1978 and 45 in 1977. The CID chief also said that he would soon
_ meet with his Thai counterpart, General Pow Sarasin, to discuss the smuggling of
acetic anhydrite across the border. The chemical is used to convert morphine into
heroin. [Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 2G Dec �0 p 7]
THpEE SENTENCED--Three Kuala Lumpur residents received ~ail sentences on 26 December
t~r possession of heroin. Wahid bin Ahmad, 26, received a 6 month sentence for pos-
session of 0.06 grams of heroin on 3 February; Yahaya bin Hashim, 38, received a
9 month sentence for possession of 0.42 grams of heroin on 30 September; and Mustamy
bin Othman, 23, received a 12 month sentence for possession of 0.5 grams of a narcot-
ic on 3 December. [Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 27 Dec 80 p 9]
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~
HEROIN CHARGE--M. Ramayan, 31, a laborer, has received a 10 month sentence for pos-
- session of 0.61 grams of heroin and a 7 month sentence for possession of 0.06 grams
of morphine. The offenses occurred in Ipoh on 13 October at the South Isles Hotel.
The sentences will run concurrently. [Kuala L~impur NEW STRAITS TIMES in Engliah
. 30 Dec 80 p 16]
MOTkiER, SON TRIED--Kang Hock Joo, 24, was sentenced to 3 years in jail and 12
strokes of the rattan by the court in Muar after pleading guilty to charges of
drug possession. Kang and his mother, Sin Hui Chin, were charged with having
25.018 grams of. heroin and 5.831 grams of morphine in their possession in their
- house on Jalan Abu Bakar in Batu Pahat on 7 December. Kang told the court that the
narcotics belong~ed to him. Charges against his mother were dropped. (Kuala Lumpur
NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 31 Dec 80 p 9]
HEROIN TRIAL--Ooi Ah Lee, 25, a farmer, is being tried by the sessions court in Alor
Star on a charge of trafficking in ~40 grams of heroin at Gua Chempedak on 24 January
1979. [Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 2 Jan 81 p 9]
I
CSO: 5300
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PAKISTAN
DRAFT L,AW ON NARCOTICS TO BE SUBMITTED TO CABINET
Islamabad THE MUSLIM ~.n English 8 Feb 81 p 1
[Article by Sikander Hayat]
I [TextJ _
i tSLa?MAB~D, Feb. 7: A compro- subject, by AIluddin Masood, hns
hensive natcodca control L~w, allowed to stand, 4rought out some important do-
I including a long-ewaited provision Ot the Fxisring n~rcotica con- velopmrnts in this azea of human
i differrntiating the drug smuggias trol Acis, seven afe signifi- activity.
, from the addicta for punishmrnt pnt, ttua of which belaag W the According to this book Landi
I purposes, has ixen drafttd and cenue and four to the four peo- Kotal, a border post on the Khyber
- ~ would be placed before Cabinet ~~~~y, Pass, 6as become a central market
~ for iu approval soon. , 'There was a viea+ that such a for the purchase and Ale of opium.
- i large numbor of laws on the control It says that since the abolition of
'The dzaft is the outcome of an of narcodcs caused confusion and '"Theka" picenced shop) system in
, intensive effort begun snc years ago ~eir enforcemmt had becoroe Palnstan in 1969 number of mor-
ta consolidate the existing hw in diffiwit. phine and haoin manufacturing
~ this field. It would happen quue often factaries have come up in the
~ Over 20 different drafts were that due to lack of comprehension. Trbal azeas.
~ prepared, including some on which both Intentio~W and innceent, the According to this book before
~ the opininas and commenu of all enforcement staf'f ~ha(laned the tha p~omulgation of Hud Order on
~ the realted agencies and the Provin- culpriU under arelaanr, provisiens, Feb. 9. 1979 there were 323
~ ;.ial Gavanmrnts were aLso resulting in the'a acquitt~l by the opium seIling "Thekas" in the
obtained. courU. country. '
~ &fore the pro:nulption of Hud Another difflculty before the These shops were selling far
~ Order on Feb. 7, 1979 the 12th law enforcing agency has been more opium than was given to them -
j of Rs?Lbiul Awwai thera were four indisaiminate statui of ~nuggters by the govanment as thar fixed
~ prohibition Ordi~mnces and one from whose possesaon tons of 4uata - with tho implied consent
Prohbition Act, be~ides about one ap~um would be zxwaed and an of the Exase authorides.
I dozen acts regular;ng che sale, avaage addict, who was sametimes For inst3nce, an opium scller
~ purchase and otha aapects of the caught with a gram of opuim o~ in Sind bought a licence to setl
narcodcs hie paceons. . The axiating laws 2�91d1o opium for Rs. 75,000 whea
While tho Hud Order repealed ptescrbed equai punishment la tt?e actual sale price of the opium
- all the prohibition 3aws, the qno both cases which he was l~ y supposed to
rel~ting to narcotica has been Meanwhile, a book on this sell was only Rs. b45.
CSO: 5300
12
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PAKISTAr1
BRIEFS
HASHISH OIL, OPIUM SEIZED--A man was arrested following recovery of hashish oil
_ and opium worth about Rs. 14,00,000 [as published] from his hut in the Bara of
Super Highway in the Manghopir Police Station area yesterday. The reports said
that one Mohammad Niaz of Peshawar, used to indulge in the trafficking of the
contraband drugs, after smuggling them from Peshawar. However yesterday, a
police party, accompanied by the SHO Manghopir, after a tip off, raided his hut
in the Bara of Super Highway and recovered 5000 grams of hashish oil and 6000
grams of opium, worth about Rs. 14,00,000 [as published] in the foreign cur-
rency, from there. The accused, who was arrested yesterday, will be produced
in a court today for the remand for further investigation. [Text] [Karachi
MORNING NEWS in En glish 31 Jan 81 p 8]
OPIUM, CHARAS SEIZED--Wazirabad, Feb. 1: A Railway employee, a constable of the
Railway Police and a railway 'palledar' are among the six arrested under the
Excise Act. A total of 3000 grams of opium and 'charas' has been recovered from
them in a police raid led by an Excise Inspector here. Those behind the bars
are railway employee (of Rahwali) Mohammad Ashraf, Railway Police constable
Mohammad Ram2an, Railway 'palledar' Mohammad Sadiq, Ghulam Rasul of Eminabad Morr,
Mohammad Yusuf of Kamoke, and one Kurshid. [Text] [Lahore THE PAKISTAN TIMES
in English 2 Feb 81 p 6] -
CSO: 5300
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THAILAND
BRIEFS
CAMPAIGN AGAINST MA1tIHUANA--Nakhon Phanom--Police from the Crime Suppression Divi-
sion (CSD) have been launching a campaign since Jan 8 to eradicate huge marijuana _
plantations here, according to an informed source in the Police Departmento The
_ plantations were believed to be the biggest in the country, it said. More than
57,000 kilograuunes of marijuana had reportedly been destroyed so far and at least
another 100 tons were to be wiped out, the source said. It said police investiga-
tions had confirmed that the biggest production source of marijuana was in this
northeastern province and not in Sakhon Nakhon as earlier believed. In their
seven raids so far, police supported by helicopter from the Police Aviation Divi-
sion destroyed more than 57,OOQ kilogrammes of fresh and dry marijuana. in Ta Udom
- and Sri Sarakom districts, the source said. [Text~ ~Bangkok NATION REVIEW in
English 22 Jan 81 p 3~
CSO: 5300
(
- A
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. CANADA
DRUG EXPEFT CALLS OTTAWA 'HASH CAPITAL' OF NORTH AMERICA -
Ottawa THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jan 81 p 3
~ [Article by Roswitha Guggi]
!
~ [Text]
~
i
= i Teenagcrs as young as 13 are : And Spriggs fcels use of marijua-
j ~now trying drugs that have gone na may .really average about 70 per
~ ."from beer strcngth to rye cent in this area.
~ ~strength," two drug experts said 'Ne said kids are not aware of
_ ~ 1"hursday. what the drug is doing to them
~ Garry Lalonde, an ex-heroin user that it leads to apathy, harms their
who learned the hard way~ and lungs and gene~ally afPocts their
- Brad Spriggs, a Nepean policeman �health.
working with the RCMP drug seo- � Lalonde, who spends his mornings
tion, said the potency of drugs used educating Cornwall high school stu-
by young people in the Ottawa area dents about drugs, said people still
has increased markedly in the last
; think the problem is in secondary
decade.
i ' Parents and school 4~oards have to schools, but it is now starting in
grades 7 and 8:
I providc rrrore information to young
- ~ people before and after they try He said one Cornwall public
their first joint, the two men said. school had to close ~a classroom for
a da because "half the kids were
Lalondc and Spriggs, who were y _
~ interviewed after they addressed a stoned.'; -
i ~workshop on policing street drugs, ~~Lalonde said drug education.
work in schools trying to balance 'should begin about grade 5, but
- .the rosy glow of marijuana highs .most student~ today are lucky to gct
wi~h informatidn on the less rosy .'two hours a. year once~ they reach
_ side effects of drug use. high sc~ooL
Spriggs says tho biggest drug use , Spriggs said the Carleton Sepa-
in Ottawa is in marijuana and hash rate School Hoard-is the only local,
and there is lots of it around. We're board which called in the RCMP at -
called the "hash capital" of North a board level to help them with
Amorica, he said. thcir drug policy.
A study of students in grades 7 . He'd like to see other boards get
and 8 and some high school grades more of a, set policy on how they
in the Ottawa Valley showed 45.5 deal with drug education -.and do
per cent of them had tried cannabis a lot more of it. '
at Icast once in the last year, com- Officials from the Ottawa and
pared to a 34-por-cent provincial Carleton Boards.of Education~ con-
average. ceded they could probably be doing
� more in the drug education field.
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' Bob Zacour, health consultant~
with the OBE, said a board task
- force should be making recommen-
dations soon calling for a compre-
hensive school chemical awareness
program wtlich will ' dea) with all
drugs. ~ ~ ~
He says at the kindergartcn to
Grade 8 level, health programs are
aimcd at developing students' self
esteem as they find people with a =
positive sel[ ~concept are less likely
to abuse drugs later on.
Lio~el Wolfe, health consultant
for the CBE. said "there's always a -
need to do more," but added the
,CBE was doing ~ts best now and is
moving toward u standardized drug
education program.
CSO: 5320
_ ~
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CZECHOSLOVAKIA
BRIEFS
COCAINE SNNGGLER--Czechoslo~ak customs officers discovered six packages of cocaine
hidden in the luggage of Ali T., 30 years old, during a luggage check aboard an _
international express train in Decin. [Prague ZEMEDELSKE NOVINY in Czech
5 Feb 81 p 6]
CSO: 5300
I
~ ~
17 ~
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~
BOLIVIA
~
DRUG TRAFFICKING LINKED TO SABOTAGE
PY112216 Buenos Aires LATIN in Spanish 0231 GMT 11 Feb 81
[By Gerardo Irusta]
(Text] La Paz, 11 Feb (LATIN)--The government has charged that extremists involved
in drug trafficking were preparing a plan aimed at disrupting public order, which
included the murder of military men, priests. political leaders and journalists.
I
I Information released by the Interior Ministry disclosed [hat four persons have been
~ , arrested, and that the drug traffickers who operate in the country are closely related
I to the extemists responsible for acts of sabotage carried out in Peru and Chile.
I
, The two neighboring countries have been victimized during the past weeks by attacks
; with explasives and incendiary bombs attributed to underground groups of the extreme
i left. The Bolivian Government called those involved "narco-extremists" and disclosed
that they were caught carrying pamphlets calling on the population to make resistance
for a revolutionary struggle and co attack the decadent morals of imperialism. _
; The official information disclosed that several foreigners were arrested when entering
I the country with forged passports and that they were later expelled. It also pointed
, out that those nersons were directly involved with international terrorism.
' A spokesman of the Interior Ministry stated that on 15 January the police arrested Hans
Neipman, Erom the FRG, and Bolivian citizens Juan Ramon Quispe, Victor Calle Cortez and
Jesus Calle Adiviri when they were caught crossing the border from Peru carrying
refined cocaine.
In addition to the cocaine, they were found carrying pamphlets bearing quotations which
follow the guidelines of the world polarization ideology and which are aimed at discrediting
the image of the Bolivian Covernment.
- Ic was also pointed out that as soon as it was determined that the drug traffickers
were involved with the extremists that have been operating in Chile and Peru, the
government requested the cooperation of international police organizations.
The report added thac new and recidivist drug traffickers have been arrested as a result
of a series oE operations carried out in various parts of the country.
.
CSO : 530Q
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COLOMBIA
POLICE NCO'S CAUGHT TRAFFICKING IN MARIHUANA
Bogota EL TIEMF'0 in Spanish 23 Dec 80 Sec C p 6
- [Text] The DAS [Administrative Department of Security] confiscates 40 tons of ma.ri-
- huana which was being shipped by 26 individuals, including three police NCO's and
_ three drug traffic "capos:'
The operaCion took place on Sunday night, between Toluvie~o and 5an Onofre, in Sucre.
The shipment was woY~th over 200 million pesos, and was about to be put aboard a ~
modern ship that was scheduled to depart for the United States yesterday. '
The national chief of DAS, Manuel Guillermo Gonzalez Silva, said that this was the
most spectacular blow sustained recently by the drug trafficking underworld, adding
that the authorities had seized two sophisticated radio sets with which the anti-
social individuals were contacting the ship on which it was intended to transport
the drugs, as well as other smaller pieces of equipment.
The three police NCO's on active duty were identified as Corporals Antonio Facundo
~ del Rio Jimenez, Federman Zamora Julio and Dionisio Avila Ro~as. The owners of the
shipment are Franklin ~gelo Chuston Benitez, fro~ Guajira, Hipolito Bravo Pimienta
_ and Raul Alfonso Penaranda Romero.
_ At the time of their capture, there was an exchange of gunfire between the DAS agents
and the drua traffickers, without casualties.
The detectives also confiscated a green F-600 Ford truck with license plates PV0328,
a red 800 Dodge truck with license plates UI0929, a white Pegaso truck with license
plates UN0392, a gray Nissan campzr with a free transit permit, a red Toyota with a
free transit permit, and a yellow Willys camper with license plates UF0175, like the
foregoing registered for public service in Sincele~o.
At 2345 hours on Sunday night, the interception was made of the trucks loaded with
marihuana which were due to arrive in the port of Verrugas, this side of San Onofre,
where 10 launches were waiting to transfer the marihuana to the ship anchored nearby,
which was finally to undertake the trip to the United States.
The confiscated shipment of marihuana was from Cerete, where it had been packed in
plastic, recovered with cardboard, and then covered again with the first material.
2909
CSO: 5300
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COLOMBIA
MILITARY MEN TRIED FOR TR.AFFICKING
Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in Spanish 20 Dec 80 Sec A p 10
[Text] A verdict of conviction was handed down against an Army lieutenant and three
sergeants for their connection with a drug trafficking case by the members of the
court-martial which tried tiiem.
The decision affects Lt Juan Vicente Caldas Trujillo, Sgt Ma3 Ale~andro Castillo
Villamarin and second class Sgts Alfredo Me1o Montano and Arcesio Joven Cuellar,
who were dismissed completely from the miliCary forces after having been tried by
a disciplinary board.
- The four men were captuzed hy Judicial Police units on 2 August of last year, after
they had attempted to facilitate the entry of 23 kilograms of cocaine which arrived
from La Paz, Bolivia.
The verbal court-martial was convoked bq Gen Fernando Landazabal Reyes, army comman-
der, who had been appointed a special ~udge of the first instance.
It was noted that Jaime Bate~nan Cayon, leader of M-19 [19 April Movement] had brought
charges on other counts against Lieutenant Caldas, mentioning him by his complete
f,irst name and surnames, according to statements which he made to the "female c:hief"
Consuelo Arau,jo, and which were published in this newspaper on Tuesday, 18 November.
Si~ M6nths Because of P4artial Law
It should also Ue stated that the military authorities did not spare any effort to
achieve a complete explanation of the facts, and when this was accomplished they
convoked the court martial without delay. In the course of the latter, the four
men were given 6 months more in ~ai1 because of the fact that the country is under
martial law.
The lieutenant and the three sergeants were tried and convicted for violations of
Decree 1188 of 1974, or the National Drug Code. The heaviest penalty imposed on
each of them was a year and a half in ~ail; in other words, they will have to remain
incarcerated for another 19 months, because they have been jailed for 5 months.
~part from the additional 6 months, the presiding officer of the court martial, Cal
Luis Joaquin Torres Carreno, imposed a fine of 5,000 pesos on each of those convicted.
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In view of the severity of the sentence, the defense attorneys requested that Colonel
Torres grant their clients the benefit of a release from jail, but the officer flatly
refused this.
The Civilian Is Still in Jail
Captured along with the four memhers of the military vn the aforementioned date was
a civilian, Carlos Arturo Martinez Perez, an individual who came from Bolivia with
the 23 kilograms of cocaine, and for whom the penal circuit judge issued an arrest
warrant.
According to the report submitted hy the Judicial Police, the men in uniform tried -
to convince them that they had captured this ir.dividual for belonging to M-19; how-
ever their real intention was to ~acilitate the entry of the suitcase in which he
was carrying the drugs.
They stated that, owing to the serious suspicions aroused by the actions of the
military men, who were serving with the Charry Dolano Military Intelligence Battalion, ~
they decided to prevent the departure of the individual allegedly apprehended from
the airport installations w~.thout making a careful search of his luggage, which i~
when it was done produced the discovery. '
To date, the presiding judge has not called Martinez Perez to trial, and the latter
is still being held in the model jail. _
Composition of the Court
The prosecutor for the verbal court-martial which tried the four members of the mili-
tary was Lt Col German Afanador Osuna, and its legal adviser was Dr G]_adys Puyana
Ardila, the only woman who witnessed the trial. Acting as voting members were Col
Luis Alfonso Torres Cotes, Maj Alirio Panesso Chica and Capt Oscar Alberto Diaz _
Garcia. Capt Fernando Garcia Morales served in the capacity of secretary. '
The court-martiai took place in the Academy Hall of the Army Command, and no private
person was allowed access to it.
Serving as defenders were Lt Col (ret) Jenaro Nungo Mendez, former magistrate Hilde-
brando Galvis Galvis, attorney Lt (ret) Hernando Reyes Santos and Dr Gloria Cecilia
Avellaneda Correa, who comprised a united team that strove assiduously to obtain a
verdict of acquittal, or at least something lenient, but.without success; because the
military are extremely solicitous in the case of situations like this which in3ure
the good reputation and prestige of the Armed Forces.
Basically, the defenders claimed that a verdict of conviction could hardly be handed
down against the four military men, because the main individual accused had not yet
. been tried, and hence ti~ere could not be any proper discussion of the type of crime
that the latter had committed.
- Col Jenaro Nungo Mendez, whose oratorical gift is indisputable, argued that to hand
down a conviction under the circumstances described was like "baptizing a child before
it is born." He attempted to refute the existing charges in various ways, and placed
great emphasis on the fact that the military were not cognizant of the main individual
accused.
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Dr Hernando Reyes Santos pleaded for the acquittal of all those on trial, claiming
that this would be consistent with the reality of the proceedings, because there
were a great many doubts in the investigation which should be resolved in favor of
those incriminated, according ta law.
The four defenders appealed the sentence, and trust that they will have better luck
with their petitions to the Superior Military Court, the entity to which the matter
- in question will have to be submitted.
~ , : .
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. ~i Y .
7
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_ `~S '.::,~''`S.
ry '
o "
Gen Fernando Landazabal Re_yes, appointed special judge of the first instance
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COLOMBIA
JUNGUITO'S BOOK ON DRUG ECONOMICS DISCUSSED
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 2 Jan 81 Sec A p 5
- [Review by Carlos Caballero Argaez of the book "~rug Economics and Policy Strategies"
by Roberto Junguito, Bogota, November 19$0]
[Text] A constant topic of discussion in Colombia is that of the way in which we
should handle our status as a leading exporter of marihuana and cocaine in the ;
world. In most instances, the argument focuses on whether or not marihuana should i--
be le~alized, relegating to a secondary plane an entire series of economic, strate- ;
gic and, of course, ethical aspects involved in dealing with sucii a difficult prob-
lem. A new publication by Roberto Junguito ("Drug Economics and Policy Strategies;' _
Bogota, November 1980), prepared for a seminar of international experts on marihuana
and cocaine held recently in Medellin, has fortunately arrived to fill some of these
gaps. With the approval of its author, I shall take the liberty of reviewing this
document, which is not only interesting, but incisive, imaginative, useful and amus-
ing.
JunguiLv udsically argu~~ ~i~ai., WL1t1CaS in *hp dev~la~~a ~^~~ntr~As (the United States
in particular), drugs must be considered an evil and the state must intervene to
curb their consumption, in the developing countries (especially Colombia), the eco-
nomic benefits of exporting marihuana and cocaine could offset their negative social
consequences. In these areas, it becomes far more difficult to devise an appropriate
government policy for handling the problem. Developing his ideas, he mentior?s the
microeconomic and overall dimensions of the activity of producing, exporting, dis- -
tributing and consuming drugs. Insofar as the first-named are concerned, he recalls
that economic theory leads to making the analysis related to the consumer's problems: _
the distortions in the family budget caused by the user's expenses, the level of
income of the family itself, the low productivity of the addicted individual and,
in general, such social costs as the harmful effect on the cotmriunity, crime, etc.
_ As for the second, it is well known that the foreign exchange income produced by
exports of marihuana and cocaine contributed, together with coffee, to breaking the
external bottleneck in the Colombian economy, with a resultant positive effect on
employment and an increase in national production, on the one hand, and the accumu-
lation of international reserves, with their inflationary specter, on the other.
Hence, almost by definition, the microeconomic aspects are the important ones for
the developed countri:es, because the consumpti~n is concentrated in them and drug
addiction becomes a serious family and community problem; in addition to the fact
that it is hard to imagine the production and ex~orting originating in those areas
assuming a leading position within their economic activity as a whole. On the
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other hand, in our countries the per capita consumption is substantially less; and,
even if it were hi gh, there would always be social needs with more priority for
the governments than Chat of combating drug addiction. Hence, the macroeconomic
aspect is the fund amental one for a country such as Colombia. Obviously, the
policy on drugs (as well as that on coffee, livestock or industrial exports) must
be included, as it is in fact, among the government's concerns. And if that policy
- is relevant, there will be alternate ways of considering it, other than that of
mere legalization. Among them,Junguito identifies four which are worthwhile des-
cribing, assigning ~heir proponents and advocates.
A first position i s that of pretending "not to notice" and transferring the problem
to the United Stat e s, because one regards it as not being ours. Therefore, this
view t~srns over the responsibility for controlling drug traffic to the consuming
countries, and it was the one held by the Lopez Michelsen administration. The
implicit economic r ationale is that whoever generates the demand and suffers the
social costs has t he task of curbing consumption and eliminating the illegal trading
in drugs. Accord in g to Junguito, "if action is taken on the basis of this concept,
use is made of the economic surplus produced by the drugs, and the effect of the
traffic on the int e xnal economy is ignored, attributing all the surpZus foreign
- exchange to traditional exports."
The second attitud e is the one assumed by the present government, seeking a political
solution within the country and a diplomatic co~nitment to the United States. It
involves cooperatin g in curbing the traffic, and following orders from the consuming
country par excell ence, without concern for the economic consequences which result.
The strategy entai 1 s devoting domestic funds in short supply to limit the production
and distribution o f u~arihuana and cocaine, and it could lead to a rise in the inter-
national prices of these plants, as well as to a shift in their growing or processing
to other developin g countries. Insincerely, there is an ethical condemnation and
vigilance; actually, there is a yielding to the external pressure, with the possible
hope of "improving Colombia's position in other areas of our relations with the
United States."
A third way of viewing the problem is the one that has been typical of ANIF [National
Association of Financial Institutions], its jovial president and those who consider
it feasible to leg i timize the activity. As an autonomous Third World country, why
not legalize marihuana, and allow its free cultivation and sale? Since the price
abroad would obviou sly drop, the cultivation would have to be expanded. The consump-
tion would increas e both in the developed countries and Colombia but, even if thPy
_ did not like it, everything would be done legally.
Finally, there is t he view o� the economist, considering that the goal should be
that of maximizing the economic surplus produced, by increasing prices and the
_ infl.ux of foreign exchange through a control of the supply of the exported product,
without making the business too attractive to the other producing countries. Jungui-
to writes: "For th is strategy to be succes~ful, it would require the approval by
the developed coun tries of the activities of the developing ones. The end goal
would be that of e s tablishing controls that would lead to the poor countries' appro-
priating a larger s hare of the surplus produced by the business." In other words,
_ the idea would be t o treat marihuana lfke any other basic product (coffee, sugar,
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oil or tea), seeking a tacit agreement between producers and consumers that would
make it possible to improve the relative economic status of the former., while reduc-
ing the social costs of the latter.
I have the impression that the author of the document, as the excellent economisCChat
he is, is inclined toward the last of the positions that he identifies, in his way
of conceiving of the problem and its solution. He is aware (because he has told me
- so) of the ethieal and scientific problem. In my opinion, he also overlooks the
internal political consequences of carrying out the strategy that he appears to be
proposing. But, in particular, he cites the tremendous difficulty of creating a
genuine policy to control drugs; and the pressing need to take carefully into account,
when it is created, the macroeconomic aspects o� any decision, as well as the inter-
national and diplomat~c connotations of the matter. For all these reasons, it =
involves an effort aimed at clarifying a course of action to cope with a problem
which we must confront in one way or another.
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~
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COLOMBIA
BRIEFS
GUATEMALAN OFFICIAL ARRESTED--Two Guatemalans, one a customs official of that
country, who had been engaged in the battle against drug trafficking, were arrested
at the Eldorado airport with 4 kilograms of cocaine. Zoila Resper Vessani Lara,
aged 30, told the Judicial Police that the individuals who gave her the two suitcases
containing the drugs had told her that they were emeralds, and since she was a
customs official she was not searched upon her arrivai in Guatemala City. She said
that since she was working on the curbing of the drug traffic in her country, she
could hardly be carrying cocaine. Her con~panion, Dora Karina Pineda, aged 27,
claimed to be a secretary, and said that she did not know the origin of the drugs.
Both entered the country last Sunday, and yesterday they were to take a SAM plane
leaving Bogota for E1 Salvador, and subsequently go to Guatemala. [Text]
- [Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 20 Dec 80 Sec A p 10] 2909
TRAFFICKERS, WEAPONS SEIZED--During the course of a vast operation carried out by
the National Police in the corregidor's jurisdiction of Matitas, La Guajira, 32
drug traffickers were captured with an arsenal, 164 packages of pressed marihuana
and three packages of seed of the same grass in their possession. Among the items
, seized from the drug traffickers were I4 pistols, a revolver, a carbine, a
223-caliber Luger rifle, an MK-2 hand grenade and six shotguns. The commander of
the La Guajira Police Department, Col Orlando Pena Angarita, told EL ESPECTADOR
that similar operations would continue to be carried out during the next few days,
in an attempt to curb the drug trafficking underworld rings which are operating
in that s~ction of the country. [Text) [Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in Spanish 27 Dec 80
Sec A p 17] 2909
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MEXICO
STATE PROSECUTOR CRITICIZED FOR FREEING TRAFFICKER
Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO DE NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish 15 Jan 81 Sec B p 2
[Text] A very childish excuse was given to the news media by the state prosecutor,
. Marco Antonio Maldonado, who thought it a good idea to grant a release to the
_ dangerous drug trafficker, Jose Martinez Macias, who was captured at dawn on Sunday
at the "Uncle Tom's Cabin" after having acted in a trigger-happ y manner.
Prosecutor Maldonado Moreno agreed that he had afforded the latter the opportunity to _
be released, based on the Law of Penal Procedures, an article of which states that,
if no harm is done to third parties, even though the individual may have fired his
~8-caliber weapon, he can only be tried for carrying a banned weapon.
J He subsequently stated that, although the drug trafficker is free, this does not
- mean that he has been freed from ~enal aetion; adding that the sub~ect had told _
him in his statement that, when the police arrived at "Uncle Tom's Cabin;' he had -
found the pistol on the floor, and when the officers captured him he had that
weapon in his hand.
Marco Antonio Maldonado should never have granted a release to this individual, who
is extremely dangerous. It would be a good idea if the justice department prosecutor
took not~ of all this type of shady business that is going on in the State Public
, Ministry's investigative agencies; because if the criminals have a way of securing
their release there, it would solve everything. _
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~
~ .
,
� ,
:b ~
~ -
. ,
Y(,~
Ji{~
4~
. . I -
/ ~
~
~ ~ . .
Drug trafficker Jose Martinez Macias was released at 1900 hours last Tuesday, at
. the order of the state prosecutor, Marco Antonio Maldonado.
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- MEXICO
TRAFFICKERS KILLED IN 5.5 TON MARIHUANA SEIZURE
Mexicali LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in Spanish 10 Jan 81 Sec B p 12
[Text] Mexicali--T~ao drug traffickers were killed and another was seriously wounded
during an intense shootout that occurred the daq before yesterday, at the Heroes
; de la Independencia communal farm (in the municipality of Ensenada), bztween
National Army forces, Federal Judicial Police agents and members of a ring which
was broken up in tnis manner.
It was reported that there were 12 arrests and that 5.5 tons of marihuana were seized.
j According to a report released by the authorities in the nation's capital to the
; INFORMEX news agency, the drug traffickers Antonio Estrada Gomez and Manuel Americo
~ Castillo were killed, while the American pilot, Gregory L. Gillet, was seriously
i in~ ured . ,
~ The report not~d that the drug traff icking ring was comprised of Mexicans, Colombians
and Americans.
-j Arrested on the scene of the incident were the Colombians Alberto Leon Hernandez,
! Fernando Caicedo Varon and Ciro Fernando Molina, as well as the Mexicans Manuel
' Aguirre Galindo, alias "E1 CabaJ.lo;' Eduardo Escolares Jimenez, Rodolfo Palacios
~ Rivera, Jose Teodulo Jimenez, Francisco Reyes Delgadillo, Jesus Alberto Sanchez ~
Munoz, Rene Verdugo Urquidez and Jose Luis Reyea Delgadillo.
A spokesman reported in Mexico City that the Federal Judicial Police arrived at the
- Heroes de la Independencia communal farm to make an inspection, because agents of
the entity had been told that a drug trafficking ring was located there.
Upon arriving at the site, they found a Colombian DC-4 airplane in which there were
several persons. The latter, when they found themselves surrounded by the police,
began firing heavy caliber weapons, thus starting an intense gun battle that ended
with the results described.
When the drug traffickers realized that the police were overcoming them, and after
two of them had been killed, they decided.~o_surrender.
The airplane was already loaded with a ton of marihuana, and another 4.5 tons of
the grass were found in a warehouse near the site.
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The Mexico City police reported that the contact in the northwestern part of the
country was Manuel Aguirre Galindez, who was selling the marihuana, and that the
conCact in Colombia was Juvenal Gomez Barajas, also known as Jorge Rodriguez Barajas.
The police authorities in the municipality of Ensenada, where the incident occurred,
for their part, refused to provide any information about it.
Some residents of the town commented unofficially that the troops entered without
warning, shooting the group of criminals, who turned over a considerable shipment
o f arms .
The Federal Public Ministry agents, 3uan Arevalo Lamadrid and Ma.ria Elena Manzanera
_ del Campo, told this newspaper that they had never received any word of a shootout.
On the other hand, the soldiers from the El Cipres military camp flatly denied LA
- VOZ entry, arguing that their superiors had ordered them to avoid all kinds of
questions about the incident.
It was learned that Captain Guerra and Colonel Gomez Resendiz are the only ones who
would report to the press; but they refused at the last minute. ,
In Mexicali, Federal Judicial Police Comdr Enrique Ruiz Montalvo definitely stated
that he knew nothing about the affair. ~
- Yesterday, it was impossible to locate the coordinator of the campaign against drug
trafficking in the northwestern part of the country, Aaron Juarez, or the commander
of the coordinating unit. -
It was reported unofficially that the Federal Judicial Police set up various stake-
outs on the Mexicali-San Felipe and San Felipe-Ensenada highways, and that troops
are touring those highways, continuing the operation.
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MEXICO
HEROIN TRAFFICKERS CAPTURED BY FEDERAL JUDICIAL POLICE
: Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 13 Jan 81 p 9
[Text] Five individuals were captured by Federal Judicial Police forces,,thereby -
culminating the action taken by the aget.ts in the investigation which they conducted _
in response to an anonymous tip received in the entity's offices, reporting that,
on 7 January, a drug transaction would take place on the small square ad~acent to
the cathedral in this town.
Information obtained by EL ~OL DE SINALOA from the coordinatar of the permanent
campaign against drug trafficking established by the Office of the Attorney General
of the Republic disclosed that those under arrest are Lorenzo Ruiz Ortiz, a nephew
of the latter named Jose Ruiz M~oreno, Antonio Chaidez Sicairos, Indalecio Gonzalez
Chaidez and Manuel Jimenez Rios.
_ The information supplied by Hector Aniles Castillo, head of the coordinating office
for Zone 006, indicates that the first of those arrested is the one who attempted
to sell pure heroin at the rate of 170,000 pesos per 25 grams, with nine portions
of that drug available for the sale. At the time of his arrest, he was carrying
in the left pocket of his shirt a small plastic bag containing abouC 1 gram of a
brown substance with a pervading odor which was apparenCly heroin.
The individual in custody sa~,d that it was his nephew who supplied him with the
drugs to sell, and that he was engaged in obtaining a customer, and was just about
the make the sale moments before his eapture. It was impossible to learn the name -
of Che purchaser, whom he claimed to know only by the nickname "E1 Guero".
- Upon being interrogated, Ruiz Moreno, in turn, stated that the heroin had been sup-
plied to him by Antonio Chaidez Sicairos, who had concealed it after having brought
it from a town named Chacal, in Durango, hiding it in the yard of the house in which
he was staying in the Libertad development.
After concluding his statement, Ruiz Moreno led the Federal Judicial Police agents
to the residence of Ch~idez Sicairos, where the latter was arrested together with
Indalecio Gonzalez Chaidez, who was carrying the sum of 199,300 pesos in his
pockets. The money was also. seized and turned over as evidence against the bearer,
who stated that it was the result of the heroin sale that he had made, and also of -
the robbery of the house where his cousin, Chaidez Sieairos, was staying. Finally, -
' the taxi driver Manuel Jimenez Rios was arrested, an individual who, in addition to
- taking the drugs wherever they requested, was fully informed on the activities in
which these persons were engaged.
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MEXICO
' MARIHUANA FLOWN FROM COLOMBIA SEIZED, TRAFFICKERS CAUGHT -
Marihuana Burned, 13 Arrested
Mexicali LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in Spanish 14 Jan 81 Sec B p 12 -
_ [Textl Fnsenada--Yesterday, the 374 bags of marihuana seized f rom a drug trafficking
ring captured by the Mexican Army during a gun fight at Hero es de la Independencia
was burned on the military grounds at E1 Cipres, in the presence of federal, state, _
municipal and police officials.
- Th~ marihuana, which had been shipped on a Colombian Air Force plane, cost approxi-
mately over 130 million pesos on the black market, and was in tended to be sold in
- the United States. This proved impossible because it was intercepted by the Army =
at Laguna Salada and, when the drug traffickers were caught, they engaged in a shoot-
out in which two of them were killed.
In discussing this incident, Federal Public Ministry agent Juan Arevalo Lamadrid,
and the coordinator of the antidrug campaign in Baja Calif.ornia Sur and Norte, and
Sonora, Alfredo Aaron Suarez, remarked that this was a good and very important job
for the Federal Judicial Police, because a heavy blow was dealt to the drug traffic
At the event which rook place at 1100 hours in the morning, the site for the burning
- of the harmful drugs was prepared, and later members of the Army set fire to it,
burning a total of 5 tons, 994 kilograms.
The incineration was attended by the coordinator of the antidrug campaign for Sinaloa,
and Baja California Norte and Sur, Aaron Juarez, as well as representatives of the
Federal Judicial Police, the agency of the Federal Publi~ Ministry, the State Judi-
cial and Municipal Police, Gen Carlos Gaytan Duron, commander of the Second Military
Zone, and Mayor Raul Ramirez Funke.
The Incidents
- The full weight of the law will fall on the 13 drug traffickers who, at 2100 hours _
on 6 January, held a gun battle with the National Army in Val le de la Trinidad,
while they were unloading 5,990 tons of marihuana from a Colombian plane. -
LA VOZ was given the fore~oing information by Federal Public Ministry agent Juan _
Arevalo Lamadrid, who reported that the grass was very weighty, with a real value of
' about 130 ~rillion pesos .
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He said that the individuals under arrest are the Colombians Alberto Leon Hernandez,
Fernando Caicedo Varon and Ciro Fernando Molina, as well as the Mexicans Manuel
= Aguirre Galindo, Eduardo Escolares Jimenez, Rodolfo Palacios Rivera, Jose Teodulo
Jimenez, Francisco Reyes Delgadillo, Jesus Alberto Sanchez Munoz, Rene Verdugo
Urquidez and Jose Luis Reyes Delgadillo.
Manuel Aguirr.e Galinc~o, alias "El Caballo;' head of the drug trafficking ring, told "
LA VOZ that, at 0300 hours on the morning of 6 January, the airplane belonging to
the Magdalena Bank of Colombia, started an 18-hour flight, and landed near San
Felipe at 20~Q hours.
At 2026 hours on the same day, the 17 persons aboard left the aircraft at the site
_ called Lagutia Salada, to unload the 374 bags of marihuana destined for purchasers
in the United States who were waiting for them to make the delivery at 2400 hours;
but the Army arrived 3 hours earlier. -
When the drug traffickers were caught by the soldiers, both groups exchanged gun- _
fire with high-powered weapons, and Antonio Gomez Estrada, from Tijuana, and Manuel
Americo Castillo, from Mexicali, were killed instantaneously, while the American
, pilot of the DC-4 plane and one of his companions were wounded.
The troops from the Second Military Zone captured the 13 individuals now in custody,
who resisted, attempting to flee in different directions, which was impossible
because the site was completely surrounded.
Three of the drug traffickers told LA VOZ that they had been distributing drugs for -
, about 10 years in the United States, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Michoacan, Guadalajara and
, the coast, as well as in various other countries.
~ Theyshipped the marihuana secretly to the various places arranged by the organization
' in vehicles with false bottoms, deceiving the customs autharities.
, Arevalo Lamadrid said that a kilogram of marihuana is wor.Ch over $1,000.
' The persons under arrest claimedthat their financial status is very solvent, because
an individual hired to put the bags of marihuana on the airplane earns $8,000 in
2 hours, and a small amount of pay for remaining silent and helping the traffickers.
The Federal Judicial Police confiscated the airplane, a panel truck, two pickup
- trucks, a motorcycle and four high-pawered weapons.
The lawyer commented that there are many people involved in the affair who will be
captured, before the investigation ends.
Traffickers Officially Jailed
_ Mexicali LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in Spanish 20 Jan 81 Sec B p 14
[Text] Mexicali--The Federal Public Ministry agency in Ensenada declared itself in-
competent to continue the preliminary investigation of the ring of drug traffickers -
discovered by the Army in Laguna Seca, in the municipality of Plexicali; and turned
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- the case over to the social agency representative of this jurisdiction, remanding
to the first district judge of the Baja California capital, and the latter declared
the 12 persons in custody officially imprisoned.
LA VOZ reported extensively on the battle which the drug trafficking ring and forces
from the 60th Battalion held on 7 January, at Laguna Seca, a site located in the .
- municipality of Mexicali,115 kilometers west of the port of San Felipe.
As a result of the canfrontation, two members of the ring, Luis Antonio Gomez -
Estrada and Manuel Americo Castaneda, were killed, and 7 tons of marihuana, and
several vehicles and high-powered weapons were seized by the authorities.
Those being held, whom Hector Javier Castellanos Guzman (the first penal court -
judge representing the Ministry of Law) ordered officially imprisonecl for crimes
against health in their various degrees, are: Manuel Aguirre Galindo, Jose Rosales
Figueroa, or Marco Antonio Acuna Vazquez, Gregory Lee Gillete, Luj.s Fernando Caicedo
Baron, Ciro Fernando Molian Jimenez, Alberto Leon Hernandez, Rodolf~ Palacios Rivera,
Jose Teodulo Jimenez, Francisco and Jose Luis Reyes Delgadillo, Jesus Alberto Sanchez ~
Munoz and Rene Verdugo Urquidez. ~
The marihuana was recently burned at E1 Cipres, headquarters of the Second Military
Zone.
The writ of official imprisonment against those in custody was issued on Sunday, _
the date on which the constitutional period expired.
According to a report released yesterday, Army forces commanded by Second Lt Francisco -
Eduardo Solorzano Barragan, commander of the Military Post in the port of San Felipe,
on the night of 6 January,established two checkpoints on the Mexicali-San Felipe
highway, one at the entrance to Chinero and the other at the entrance to the port.
On that occasion, the soldiers stopped a freight truck driven by Rodolfo Palacios
Rivera, bound for this capital. It was filled with marihuana (over 6 tonsj. Manuel
Aguirre was hiding in the cab of the truck. That same night, a pickup was intercept-
ed in which Rene Verdugo Urquidez and Jose Teodulo Jimenez were arrested, and confess-
ed to where they were taking the drugs.
The troops went to Laguna Seca and, when they were within S kilometers of that loca-
tion, they discovered a DC-4 airplane. About 400 meters away from their destination
they were driven back by gunfire from a panel truck, which started up and headed for
a trail that would lead them to the San Pedro Martir mountains.
- During the shootout, Gregory Lee Gillete and another member of the ring were wounded,
and Gomez Estrada and Americo Castellon were k~_lled.
In the aircraft, the Colombians Ciro Fernando Molina and Fernando Caicedo were arrest-
ed, as was the Mexican Jose Luis Reyes, a resident of this capital.
Subsequently, several soldiers arrested Eduardo ES:colaris Cisneros and Jesus Alberto
Sanchez in El Chinero. The former was riding in a pickup truck, and the latter on
a motorcycle. -
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The operation was carried out by forces from the National Army, and the first parts
of the preliminary investigation were assigned to the agency of the Federal Public
Ministry in Ensenada. The social agency representative declared himself incompetent
in view of the fact that the incidents occurred in the municipality of Mexicali,
and turned the case over to the agency of the Federal Public Ministry in this town.
When the records had been completed, they were turned over to the first district
judge, and official imprisonment was ordered for the individuals in custody here.
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MEXICO
OPERATION 'CANADOR' ACTIVITIES INTENSIFIED
Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 23 Jan 81 p 10
[Text] Thus far this year, Mexican Army forces engaged in the flying missions carried
out by Operation Canador (Canabis [marihuana]-Adormidera [poppies]) have destroyed
about 200 small poppy and marihuana plantations in the southern part of the state,
while at the same time accruing excellent results in the enforcement of the Federal
Law on Arms and Explosives. '
When interviewed in his offices, Brig Gen Javier Vazquez Felix made the foregoing
report, explaining that the orders received by that territorial command have been ;
precise, and that for no reason will there be any halt in the action against those
engaged in the~plant'_ng, cultivation and harvesting of drugs.
He also noted that, in cooperation with the state's civil authorities, there is a
systematic practice of prevention of the illegal carrying of weapons, and that
those who violate the laws are punished in accordance with the regulations goverYting
them.
- Gen Vazquez Felix commented: "We shall not cease our effort to eradicate that problem _
- of drug trafficking in the state, because the instructions from the command of the ~
Ninth Military Zone are to battle relentlessly against this activity."
He added that the Secretariat of National Defense had ordered that, in addition to
- Task For.ce Operation Condor, the Canador program was to be set up, which is having
- good resu?_ts because of the direct intervention of the effective forces seeking to
comply faithfully with their mission.
2909 -
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MEXICO
MARIHUANA TRAFFICKERS GIVEN JAIL SENTENCES
Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO DE NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish 28 Jan 81 Sec B p 3
[Text] Four individuals who had been engaged in exporting marihuana were found guilty
of the crime for which they were tried, and, yesterday, the second district judge,
I Cayetano Hernandez Valencia, ordered ~ail sentences for them.
II In trial 197-980, Juan de Dios Garza Hernandez, Efrain Barrientos Trevino, Rodrigo _
! Flores Garza and J'uan Rodriguez Montalvo received the sentences that were due them.
~ The first three individuals had been tried for a crime against health in the degrees -
~ of marihuana possession and exporting, whereas the fourth member of the group ~�~as -
tried for the crime in the degree of "exporting of cannabis indica."
I Hernandez Valencia issued a sentence of 8 years and 2 months in 3ai1 and a fine of ~
, 5,000 pesos for Garza Fernandez, while Barrientos and Flores Garza were ordered
I, to serve a prison sentence of l years and 6 months and to pay a fine of 10,000 pesos.
I ~
~ Insofar as Rodriguez Montalvo is concerned, he received a jail sentence of l years,
i and a fine of 10,000 pesos. -
The four aforementioned sub,jects were captured on 7 May 1980 by Federal Judicial
Police agents who had set up surveillance at the toll booth in Camargo, Tamaulipas,
; to which location a 1977 Ford car, with Texas license plates NHZ-701, carrying
Efrain Barrientos Trevino and Rodrigo Flores Garza, arrived. In the trunk of the
car the Federal Police found an inflatable raft, two scales, six bags containing
traces of marihuan~ and two oars. They said that they had ~ust carried across to ~
the American side 250 kilograms of grass, owned by Juan de Dios Garza Hernandez,
- who had paid them $400. They also stated that, on pre~ious occasions, Juan Rodriguez
Montalvo had helped them to carry marihuana across.
Continuing the investigation, the Federal Police arrested Juan de Dios Garza and
Juan Rodriguez Montalvo at No 213 Libertad Street, in Ciudad Camargo; and, in a 19'80 _
Chevrolet van truck, they discovered traces of cannabis indica.
� 2909
CSO: 5330
~
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MEXICO
OPIUM GUM TRAFFICKER ARRESTED, CONFESSES
Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 19 Jan 81 p 6
[Text] ~The persistent battle being waged by the Office of the Attorney General of
the Republic against the drug traffic in our state is bringing the desired results,
= because several investigations conducted by the Federal Judicial Police have ended
in the arrest of individuals engaged in such activities; and, moreover, drugs have
been seized from them, thereby preventing them from poisoning hundreds of people. ~
Arrested last week was Gabriel Teran Guerra, who resides in the settlement known as I
Loma de Rodriguera, where he had concealed in a yellow coated container a plastic
bag containing a brown substance with an intense odar, presumed to be opium gum.
According to statements made hy the individual in custody, he was originally engaged
in planting poppies, and then collecting the sap from those plants so as to procure
the opium gum, which F~e attempted to sell on occasion, in the approximate amount of
1 kilogram and 505 grams.
The information provided to EL SOL DE SINALOA at the headquarters of the coordinat-
ing office of Zone 006 of the permanent campaign against drug trafficking, the head
of which is Hector Aviles Castillo, indicated that the Federal Judicial Police, in
their investigations, learned that Teran Guerrero had offered a certain amount of
opium gum for sale; and hence they trailed that individual seeking to find a reason
_ for arresting him.
In view of the fact that nn incident occurred, they appeared at the residence of
the presumed drug trafficker and, after identifying themselves, requested his consent
for a search of his residence, in~orming him that there were suspicions about his
~ activities. This person agreed very nervously to the requested search.
The reaction of the ind3:vidual now in custody eventually confirmec~ the suspicions,
and after an intensive search the coated container with ifis contents was found.
The accused confess.ed that he was its sole owner, and he was thereupon arrested, _
and the evidence of the crime was confiscated.
When he had admi.tted his acttvity, Teran Guerrero was placed at the disposal of the
agent of the Federal Public Ministry, so that the pertinent preliminary inquiry
could be completed, and he could be turned over to the district judge who would
- hand down the ~entence that he must serve for a crime against health in whatever
degrees result.
- 2909
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MEXICO
FIVE OPIUM GUM TRAFFICKERS CAPTURED -
Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 18 Jan 81 p 6
[TextJ The Federal Judicial Police confiscated 1 kilogram and 337 grams of opium gum -
when they captured five individuals who were engaged in drug trafficking, including
a taxi driver who was responsible for making the connections, and who earned good
dividends for this activity.
The coordinator for Zone 006 of the permanent camp a ign against drug trafficking, -
Hector Aviles Castillo, told EL SOL AE SINALOA tha t the investigation canducted by
members of the police entity resulted in information to the effect that Cleofas
Leon Quinonez was attempting to sell the opium gum for 450,000 pesos.
In order to carry out the transaction, he suggested tc Rigoberto Medina Garcia that
he sell the gum Which Pablo Cardenas Padilla had p reviously given to Cleofas.
Therefore, Medina Garcia made contact with the taxi driver, Evelio Garfio Garcia, -
who works at the Catedral taxi stand, and to whom he brought half a gram as a sample.
It was learned that the purchaser even managed to see the merchandise that was being
offered him, but that he did not have the money asked of him (550,000 pesos) in cash. _
The transaction was therefore postponed, but it did not take place, because the -
person in question (whose personal data was k~pt c onfidential for obvious reasons) -
did not appear at the second meeting, which forced the investigators to make the
arrests.
Aviles Castillo remarked that the probe leading to the capture of the smugglers -
involved a series of activities, including a close, constant surveillance of those
involved in the sale, which entailed several priva t ions for the investigating agents. _
~ Fortunately, however, it ended successfully with the capture of the five aforemen-
tioned persons and the seizure of the opium gum to be presented as evidence of the
- crime.
2909
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MEXICO
THREE HEROIN TRAFFICKERS CAPTURED AFTER PURSUIT
~ Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 1 Feb 81 p 6
[Text] Three individuals were remanded to the Federal Public Ministry agent, accused
of the crimes of illegal carrying of arms, offenses against health and personal =
resistance to the authorities, charges submitted by the Federal Judicial Police
commander in the area, Mr Manuel Espindola Martinez.
- The report provided by Hector Aviles Castillo, coordinator for Zone 006 of the _
_ permanent campaign against drug trafficking that the Office of the Attorney General i
of the Republi.c has established, indicated that the accused are: Adelaido Lopez I
Amarillas, Mario Ochoa Paredes and Jose Angel Martinez Zuniga.
~ Our informant added that the investigation began when the police learned that a
heroin sale was about to be made in a well-known restaurant located on Leyva So]_ano
Boulevard between Andrade and Paliza Streets; whereupon the police chief decided
to establish survei_llance of the location, in order to catch the drug dealers.
On that site Ochoa Paredes was discovered, acting very nervous and suspicious; hence
he was taken into c~sstody and, upon being searched, was found to have an envelope
concealed in his clothing near the stomach, which contained a substance with a per-
- vasive odor and brown color, presumably heroin, and weighing about 25 grams.
When he was interrogated, he said that his friends (Lopez Amarillas and Martinez ~
Zuniga) were waiting for him at the door of a dating bar at Epitacio Osuna Street,
to turn over part of the 160,000 pesos which was the price that he intended to -
~ charge for the drugs.
The Judicial Police agents immediately went to the location mentioned by the accused, ~
and there, in a 1978 Super Bee Valiant car, with lirense plates VF-G-605, they found
two individuals who, upon noticing them, immediately fled along Nicolas Bravo Avenue,
hitting a woman in their escape. _
After they had been pursued in different sections of the tawn,, they were caught at
the corner of Obregon and Constitucion Streets, where Lopez Amarillo (who was =
carrying a 9 millimeter Browning pistol) resisted arrest.
Later, in the interrogations, the individuals under arrest said that, at Colima and _
E1 Fuerte Streets in the E1 Palmito industrial development, they had hidden a pack-
_ age containing 77 graras of drugs, which they had purchased at a farm known as Canta
Rana, located in Jalapa, Veracruz.
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I
MEXICO
BRIEFS
MAJOR TRAFFICKING CUT CLAIMEB--Ti~uana--A11 aspects of drug trafficking in Mexico
have been reduced 90 percent, owing to the effectiveness of the permanent campaign _
under way against all those engaged in these illegal activities. LA VOZ was told
this by Gen Raul Mendiola Cerezero, general director of the Federal Judicial Police
in Mexico, upon his arrival in this town; who added that this is all due to the
destruction of marihuana and poppy plantations, and to the aggressiveness against _
drug trafficking throughout the countrq. He said that much of this success accrued
- to date by the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic is due to the coordi-
nation and assistance received from the National Army which, with Operation Condor, -
~ has detected the clandestine plant~.tions; and hence the 10 percent remaining to be
finished may be achieved within a short time. With regard to the amount of drug
tra.fficking still remaining in all parts of the country, the Federal Judicial Police -
~ director comanented that it was not true that most of it is concentrated in the bor-
der areas, because they are only used as a springboard. In conclusion, he said
that the purpose of his visit to this area is to inspect various aspects of his -
_ entity, and nothing else. Insofar as changes therein are concerned, he said that _
all personnel would remain in~their positions for the time being. [TextJ [Mexicali
' LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in Spanish 3 Jan 81 Sec B p 12] 2909
MARIHU.ANA, PILL TRAFFICKER CAU~HT--San Luis, Rio Colorado--Local Federal Judicial
, Police, continuing the forceful campaign against drug trafficking that has been
; organized, made the arrest yesterday of Marcos Soza Herrera, alias "E1 Jarocho;'
' who was attempting to sell a shipment of marihuana and toxic pills. The individual's
arrest took place on the outskirts of town, where he was apparently about to carry -
out the drug purchase-sale operation. Upon being arrested, Soza Herrera had in his
possession the harmful grass and 400 toxic pills, whieh he claimed to have purchssed -
from an individual so as later to try to sell them to some Americans, who did not
arrive at the place where he was awaiting them for the deal. Yesterday, Soza Her-
rera was placed at the disposal of the Federal Public Ministry age~:cy of the locality,
the head of which, Fernando G. Medina Castro, told LA VOZ that this person would be
remanded for possession of drugs related to crimes against health. [Text] [Mexicali
LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in Spanish 6 Jan 81 Sec B p 14] 2909 _
INHALANT SALE BAN INEFFECTIVE--Tijuana--Despite the fact that, as of 1 January o�
this year, the new law passed in Mexico on the control and distribution of inha-
lants went into effect, it will not have any major results in the border areas,
because the United States has not passed any such legislation. The foregoing was
told to LA VOZ by Dr N1~nue1 Molina Bellini, director of the Youth Rehabili.tation
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Center in Tijuana, who added that the rate of drug addiction in this town has
declined considerably among the youth, especially among those whose ages range
between 18 and 25 years. Dr Mo~ina Bellj.ni explained the damage entailec by the
fact that this law may be constantly violated by both nationals and foreigners
- in the border areas, wfth the exception of Texas, where at least there will be a
little control over the sale of these inhalants. He explained that the problem of
inhalants lies with ch~ldren whose ages range from 6 to 12 years, that of barbitu-
- rates among those aged from 12 to 18, and that of heroin and cocaine among those
aged between 18 and 30 years. [Text] [Mexicali LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA in Spanish
- 8 Jan 81 Sec B p 6] 2909
HCROTN TRAFFICKER CAPTURED--A charge was submitted by the Federal Judicial Police to
the agency of the Federal Public Ministry against Rafaela Urquiza Sanchez, who was
accused of a crime against health in tne degree of drug possession; for which reason
investigations are being conducted for remand to the district judge. The information
- was provided by the coordinator for Zone 006 of the permanent campaign against drug
trafficking, Hector Aviles Castillo, wt~o observed that the investigations carried
out by members of the police entity under the command of the regional commander,
rianuel Espindola Martinez, made it possible to discover the facts. He explained
rhat, in the residence of the individual presumed liable, located at No 2260 Second
. Street in the Libertad development, a glass receptacle was found, which the accused I
had buried in the back yard of the house, in which there was an adhesive taped ~
package containtng a dark substance with a pervasive odor, apparently heroin, in the
amount of approximately 30 grams in all, including the package. [Tex~] [Culiacan EL
SOL DL SINALOA in Spanish 27 Jan 81 p 6] 2909
NORTHWEST ANTIDRUG ACTION--Hector Aviles Castillo told EL SOL DE SINALOA that the
investigations conducted to date, which have enabled the Federal Judicial Police to
seize a large amount of drugs are the result of strict surveillance carried out to
prevent the drug traffic from becoming reestablished in the state. The coordinator
for Zone 006 of the permanent campaign against drug trafficking added that most of
these drugs have come from other parts of the country, or from abroad; because the
activities on the part of the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic in this
section have not allowed for such a large drug production to be attained. He stated
categorically that these seized drugs are not from the Sinaloa mountains and their
, vicinity, because the surveillance kept by both the forces under orders from the
regional commander of the Federal Judicial Police, Manuel Espindola Martinez, and
the Mexican Army forces themselves, has been too stringent. Aviles Castillo noted
that, with great difficulty and several types of action, they have succeeded in
, partially eradicating this activity that has caused.uneasiness in the northwest,
_ particularly in Sinaloa; and therefore, "we are not permitting the situations which
- prevailed in past years to be experienced again on account of any neglect." Finally,
he said that the activity that all the forces under his command will continue to
carry out ro prevent the recurrence of drug trafficking is being redoubled, according
to special instructions from the attorney general of~:the republic, who has expressed
his interest in continued action against those who are operating outside of the law
in this respect. [Text] [Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 27 Jan 81 pp 1, 5]
2909
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PERU
BRIEFS
- COCAINE SEIZURE--Cusco, 6 Jan--In the province of Anta, civil guard agents seized
13 kg of basic cocaine paste which was being taken to Lima in a truck owned by
Grover Champi Cordero who was driving his vehicle. Champi, a passenger named
- Hilda Flores Alvarez and another occupant of the truck have been arrested. Champi
has denied knowing anything about the presence of the drug in his truck. [Lima
, EL COMERCIO in Spanish 7 Jan 81 p 14]
TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED, COCAINE SEIZED--Lima--The Callao police have arrested the
_ members of a drug trafficking gang who were carrying around 10 kg of cocaine base
valued at 50 million soles. The persons arrested while in the process of peddling
the drug [all names phonetic] Oscar Carrillo Panizo, alias Torito; David Cotos -
Mejias, alias Mono; Ernesto Belip Maldonado, alias San Boluco; and Juan Salazar
Prada, alias Licuadora. [PY241422 Lima Radio America in Spanish 1130 GMT 24 Jan 81]
DRUG TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED--Lima, 26 Jan (TELAM)--Efrain Andia Pineda, a student
at the Ayacucho University, and three other persons were captured in Pucalpa City, -
northeast of Lima, with 15 kg of cocaine paste, automatic weapons and two modern
outboard launches. [PY091057 Buenos Aires TELAM in Spanish 1535 GMT 26 Jan 81] -
COLOMBIAN TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED--Lima, 27 Jan (TELAM)--The police at the Jorge
Chavez International Ariport have arrested Colombians Freddy Antonio Gomez and
Santander Cecilio Palaro Rin con as they were trying to leave the country with
cocaine hidden in their afro style hair. This was the second time that the two
of them had visited Peru. [PY091057 Buenos Aires TELAM in Spanish 1110 GMT 27
Jan 81]
- WOMr1N TRAFFICKER ARRESTED--Lima, 30 Jan (TELAM)--The police at the Jorge Chavez
International Airport have ar rested Lola Tulcuma Paucar with 10 kilos of cocaine
~aste on her. The woman was apparently pregnant, but after making several trips
from Tingo Maria City, in the e~~stern jungle, the police began to suspect her -
and, in effect, hers was a f aked pregnancy. The cocaine is priced at 120 million
soles ($350,000). A few days ago the airport police also arrested a North American
and a Canadian who were trying to smuggle cocaine out of the country camouflaged
~ as plates, which were cocaine mixed with clay made by artisans. [PY091057 Buenos
~ Aires TELAM in Spanish 2021 GMT 30 Jan 81]
DRUG ARREST--(Lucien Francois Derfil), a U.S. citizen, was arrested at Lima's _
Jorge Chavez airport carrying 200 pills of cocaine paste. (Derfil), who was
_ going to Sao Paulo, claimed that they were heart pills. [PY101901 Lima Radio
America in Spanish 1130 GMT 10 Feb 81]
CSO: 5300
43 -
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IRAN
NEW ANTINARCOTICS CHIEFS OUTLINE PROGRAM
Tehran KEYHAN in Persian 15 Jan 81 p 11
[Interview with Hojjatoleslam Mohamanadi, Mr Saj~adi and Hojjatoleslam Zargar]
_ [Text] KEYHAN Municipal Service--The new Revolutionary Court
I officials of the Anti-narcotics campaign who have rep laced
Hojjatoleslam Sadeq Khalkhali and his colleagues, took part in
a press conference at Qasr prison yesterday, answerin g questions
. from reporters. During the discussion the new officials stress~d
the necessity and urgency of a struggle on all f ronts against
smugglers, smuggling, and in order to pull out the roots of this
crippling disaster, as they also introduced a new organization,
' the " Anti-narcotics Court."
; At 11 am yesterday morning at Qasr prison the new officials of the Anti-narcotics
~ Court, who inherited this location a short time ago from Hojjatoleslam Sadeq
i Khalkhali and his colleagues, took part in a press conference. In this press
- conference, Mr Sajjadi, representative of the Revolutionary Co urts of the Islamic
j Republic of Iran on the Anti-narcotics Court, and Hojjatoleslams Mohammadi and
Zargar, chiefs of the first and second divisions of the Anti-narcotics Court,
took part.
~ At the beginning of his remarks Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: Four of us took
i over these quarters belonging to the Special Narcotics Court on 10/9/59 [12/30/80]
' and we have been reviewing the cases of accused persons.
, A reporter asked: What organization or official appoints the j udges on the Anti-
narcotics Court? Hojjatoleslam Mohamanadi said: The judges of the court are
_ appointed by the Supreme Court.
A reporter as ked: During Mr Khalkhali's tenure, he personally attended to all
- the affairs of the Special Court. Now that you have two divisions in the court,
how do you plan to increase the functions of your courts? Certainly the increase
in court divisions is the result of the numUer of defendants and the large amount
of work. Don't you think that during Mr Khalkhali's tenure some officials of
the Supreme Co urt were negligent and deficient?
Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: Unfortunately during that perio d sometimes suff i-
cient care was not taken with some matters. They would pass judgment and then
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later the same defendant would be par.doned. For example they would sentence a !
defendant to 3 or 6 years in prison. The one with the 3-year term would know that
he would be pardoned and free after 3 months. The Anti-narcotics Court, however, -
tries first of all to issue a sentence the defendant deserves and secondly to
- see that the accused serves out his term.
A q uestion was asked: During Mr Khalkhali's time there were many executions =
in the Special Court. Will conditions for executing an addict or a smuggler be -
th e same as before, and who will be executed by the Anti-addiction Court?
In answer to this question, Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: Fortunately trie Supreme _
Court, in the anti-narcotics law which has been enacted, has freed the hands of -
the judges. The first article of this law says that whoever is involved in
narcotics smuggling, as soon as it be determined that their activities are
causing corruption in the Islamic Republic, shall be sentenced to death without
- any whys or wherefores. Of course death sentences from the Anti-narcotics Court
will be sent to the Supreme Court for confirmation, and after that confirmation
the sentence sha11 be carried out.
Confiscation of Smuggler's Property
- A question was asked: In addition to meti:ng out punishment to narcotics offenders,
Mr Khalkhali sometimes confiscated all or part of their property. Will his
confiscation verdicts be reviewed or not? ;
Hojjatoleslam Zargar said: We have a program for reviewing previously studied
cases along with the other activities of the court. The files will be restudied
by several of the brothers. These brothers will remedy the shortcomings of the =
files, if they have any, and they will conduct new investigations, and new verdicts -
will be issued with a study of the old verdict and research and consideration of
documents. The new verdict on the files, after sufficient study, will have an
official character. -
A question was asked: Are there lawyers in the new courts? The answer was, a ~
representative of the Prosecutor General's office and a cross-examiner will act
as lawyers . , -
A reporter asked: Last week there was a veritable confron*_ation in Karaj between
the revolutionary guards of the Anti-narcotics and the local revolutionary guards -
over the transfer of narcotics. They say there was one person killed in this
confrontation. What was the problem?
Sajjadi said: I know nothing of the confrontation but we sent four or five
revolutionary guardsmen to Karaj last week and sealed and marked the narcotics
_ stocks. There was no confrontation. These things are attempts to discredit the
Anti-narcotics Court and i flatly deny that there was any confrontation or anyone
killed.
The question was asked: A number of those who worked with Mr Khalkhali did not
_ have good moral integrity, such as Mashallah Qassab. Will the Anti-narcotics
Court investigate evidence against these people?
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The representative of the Rev~lutionary Court said: Not us, but the Imam himself
ordered that whoever acts against the laws of the Shari'ah must be punished. A
_ group has been designated by the Imam. We support the group, its members, and its
_ work. Unfortunately, there are. people close to Mr IQzalkhali who want to protect
him in order to further their own interests. We who are the heirs of the blood
of our martyr.s, are relentles~ly pursuing this type of transgressor. Steps have
been taken and steps are also being taken. Continuing his remarksr Sajjadi said: ~
All of Mr Khalkhali's verdicts have been cancelled. All the summons and search
warrants issued by the Special Courts are void. Membership cards of the Special
Court revolutioi:ary guards have also been voided. at this time none of the
personnel of the ~~eciai Cuurt are eiaployed in the Anti-narcotics Court. In the
municipalities, verdicts by the strike forces have also been nullified. If police
- officials and the people see these people using old credentials in order to assert
themselves they should report them and the police should arrest them.
Sajjadi added: Not long ago at the Arak gasoline station one of these same
people tried to misuse an ID card from the Special Court, but he was recognized
and arrested and his automobile was impounded.
A reporter asked: Does rtashallah Qassab have a position in the new organization
or does he work with you?
Sajjadi answered: Pfashallah is not employed in any way either in this organization
or. with us .
The question was asked: During his tenure Mr Khalkhali levied cash fines against
a lot of smugglers . [~i11 this practice continue? ~
Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: In the past Mr Khalkhali's courts and the municipal
revolutionary courts took money from defendants as fines, but ~ae have proposed ~
to the Supreme Court that a bank account be opened in the Supreme Court's name,
that a11 securities and fines go into it, and that a card showing how much money
was spent be included in each file. It has been determined ttiat there wi11 be
- no more exchanges of case, but in accordance with the opinion of the shar' judge,
the fines themselves will remain in force.
- Another reporter asked: Unfortunately, during a visit we made to the special
- addict's cell block at Qasr prison we saw evidence of torture and beatings.
j~tiat view do officials of the court take ot torture?
Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: The responsibility of the Anti-narcotics court
- began on 59/10/4 [12/31/80]. A group has been designated by the Imam to investi-
= gate this matter. Since the first day of our responsibility there has been no
torture within our area of responsibility. We have even instructed our security
personnel to be gentler in their encounters with addicts. Of course chastisement
does exist in Islam, and this is not torture. Chastisement is ordered by the
shar' judge and a shar' judge takes everything into consideration when he orders
_ a person or persons to be chastised.
Another reporter asked: In his most recent public statement Mr Khalkhali defended
- the activities of Mashallah Qassab. He said: If he slapped someone, for example, -
I chalk that up to chastisement. What do you think about this?
= 46 -
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Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: A slap is not chastisement. Chastisement is
: recorded in the form of a formal verdict from the shar' judge. We have three
kinds of sentences in Islam, imprisonment, banishment, or chastisement, and e ch _
of them has its do~trinal procedures.
= Sajj adi, representative of the Revolutionary Court on the Anti-narcotics Court,
was asked: How many prisoners do you have?
Iie said: The prisoner count of the Anti-narcotics court was 482 as of 3 days ago.
About 20 of these people do not yet have completed files. The law has provided
that a def.endant shall have a 24-hour periqd allotted to him for substantiating
the charges against him, but the situation is a bit different at the Anti-narcotics
Courts. I mean that a defendant must be examined meaically in order to identify
his addiction.
This sometimes takes up to 48 hours and if there is no laboratory evidence of 1
addiction the prisoner is then free to go. _
- Continuing his remark~s, Sajjadi said: Since the creation of thE Anti-narcotics -
Court there has been no publicity of any kind on its activities. Many people ;
thought that the number of agents to fight narcotics and the demon of addiction i
had been cut back and that there would no longer be a campaign, while the campaign
will actually continue with the same intensity as before. We have evaluated the !
- points of the probler~ and we will go forward. Sajjadi added: Of course Mr
Khalkhali has affection for us. In one of his recent statements he said: Since
I left the job the prices of gold and opium have gone down dramatically. This
comment of Mr Khallchali's indicates that we have been remiss, while we have been
totally occ~pied from the beginning with restoring order to a confused situation.
GIe will not be remiss in any way. jde have people lined up for execution in the
next few weeks. We hope, by choosing people who are Islamic, decisive, faithful -
and determined, to be able to succeed in pulling out the roots of addiction.
Another reporter asked: They say that Major Azma was tortured by Mashallah
Qassab, that his hand was severely injured, and that he went to Germany in order -
to treat it. What do you think about this and about the fact ~hat Mr Khalkhali -
_ ~aas able to spend confisc3ted monies personally? Was he authorized to do this?
Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: tide are not responsible for the activities of
Mashallah Qassab. Let Mashallah Qassab and Mr Khalkhali speak for themselves
on this. Concerning the expenditure of monies, however, Mr Khalkhali is a
mujtahed [a person authorized to exercise judgment on religious law] who has
also been confirmed by the In~am. He has a free hand in spending money and he is -
authorized by reli~ious law. He himself and the legal authorities will have to
ans~aer insofar as the laws of the republic are concerned. Of course we will give
, all reports on financial matters and issues that are recorded in the office of
the Special Court to the Supreme Court.
- Another reporter asked: During his tenure, Mr Khalkhali never acknowledged that
his colleagues were engaged in misconduct. If there is the probability that
Mr Khalkhali participated in misconduct in some cases, and it should be proven, �
is he likely to be tried in the Islamic Republic?
47
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Hojjatoleslam Mohammadi said: We may investigate the matter but the decision -
is no t our to make. Thi~; decision is up to the Supreme Court, and this council
can investigate the matter clearly.
. Sajjadi also said: Ttao telephone numbers have been designated for all compatriots
to use, which are 893699 and 842964. We hope that people throughout Iran will
cooperate wholeheartedly with us in order to uproot this crippling calamity.
At th e conclusion of his remarks, Sajjadi said: Mr Khalkhali was and is a sincere
man Taith good intentions. His personal entanglements during his tenure at the
_ Special Court, however, were many. The enemy wants to weaken Khalkhali with the
ultimate aim of weak~ning the Imam. Mr Khalkhali is not the objective. Ultimately
it is the Imam. When the Imam is weakened the revolution is weakeneci. Mr Khalkhali
is an honest and a spiritual man. They misused a number of his simple qualities.
- At the conclusion of his remarks, in ~n~wer to reporter's questions, Sajjadi said:
Three of the Special Court's personnel have been arrested so far. They are
Muhammad Razvani, Special Court Cross Examiner, Mossadeq Duzduzani, and one other
individual. About SO of Mr Khalkhali's death sentences were reversed by the
' Supreme Courts. Apart f rom those S0, we sent 30 death sentences to the Supreme
~I Court to which it has not yet responded. In all probability all of them will be
' conf irmed by the Supreme Court, because our demands for the death penalty h~ve
~ taken all aspects of the matter into account. He added that two of the 30 " '
condemned people are women.
~
~ 9310
~SO: 5300
I~II
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-
- HUNDREDS OF KILOS OF NARCOTICS SEIZED IN THE EAST
Tehran SOBH-E AZADEGAN in Persian 10 Jan 81 p 11
[Article: "Smugglers and Scores of Weapons Seized. One Hundred and Four Kilo-
_ grams of Heroin and 159 Kilograms of Opium Seized in the East"]
- [Text] During several phases of the investigation ar~d pursuit '
of narcotics smugglers in Khorasan, Sistan, Baluchestan and
Kerman, 104 kilograms of heroin, 159 kilograms of opium, and
- scores of small arms have been found and their possessors ar-
rested. Reports that have come to us from city regions
[Sharestanha] up until yesterday afternoon from AZADEGAN re- ~
portiers and from PARS NEWS AGENCY in relation to this subject ~
' are presented below.
Discovery of Narcotics, Weapons
Mashhad--The Director of the Strike Force of the Revolutionary Committee announced
that in the 28-day period since the dispatching of a 48-man squad 133 kilograms
of opium, 28 kilograms of heroin, 18 weapons and 1,227 rounds of ammunition, as
' well as, 3 grenades, 2 binoculars and 1 bullet-proof vest, have been seized from
the smugglers. The revolutionary guards of the Strike Force of the Islamic Revo-
. lutionary Committee were offered 3,206,900 rials by the smugglers in bribes. All
of this money was sent to the Revolutionary Court along with the smugglers as ;
documentation for their files.
According to a PARS report more than 75 kilograms of heroin were confiscated at
the Tayebad border from 10 narcotics smugglers.
- On the basis of information that has come to us, the reports of research groups,
interviews with the teams operating against the arrested smugglers, and following
- a 45-day period of tracking, surveillance, and efforts by agents and officers of
the Antinarcotics office headed by Colonel Bayandar, Associate Director of Opera-
tions with the Antinarco~ics 4ffices at the Iran-Afghanistan border in the Tayebad
area, more than 75 kilograms of heroin were taken from 10 smugglers. The names
of the arrested smugglers are as follows:
1--Karim Qavi-Panjeh, son of Gol Mohammad
2--Fakhreldin Rashidi, son of Kendal
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3--Gholam Ahmad Karimi, son of Yar Mohammad
4--Ha~i Nazar Mohammad Rasul Nurzahi, son of Sufi Alaf
(a citizen of Afghanistan)
S--Parviz Yazdankhah, son of Mohammad
6--Mohsen Judi jsic] Haqiqi, son of Mohammad Ali
7--Javad Divbandi, son of Mahmud
B--Ebrahim Eqta'i, son of Yusef
9--Mohammad Reza Yazdani, son of Gholamreza
10--'Abbas Aqta'i, son of Yusef
Arrest of a Heroin Smuggler
Kerman Police headquarters announced that through the efforts of the magistrate's
Antinarcotics Campaign agents, a smuggler known as Asghar Molla Hosseynizadeh, son
of Gholam-'ali, alias Asghar Sheytan, was arrested with 34.3 grams of heroin and
- hashish and sent to the Islamic Revolutionary Court of Kerman.
Agents of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards of Ravar confiscated 2.19 kilograms of
Afghani opium residue from a woman named Zahra Khajavi, and 29 sticks of opium
from he~ son, Mohammad Malaki. The accused persons were arrested and are now in
the detention facilities belonging to the Islamic Revolurionary Guards of Ravar.
- Narcotics Discoveries in Zahedan
' Zahedan--Zahedan police confiscated 1.373 kilograms of heroin from a person named -
Abdollah Kharkuhi, alias Berahu'i. They turned the accused along with his file
and the captured narcotics over to the Islamic Revolutionary Court of Zahedan.
- The Public Information Office of the Gendarmerie of the Islamic Republic o~ Iran
also announced that Sistan and Baluchistan gendarmerie agents have succeeded in
uncovering 13.7 kilograms of opium, 10,530 meters o~ cloth and 322 foreign over-
coats during the past few days. Gendarmerie agents of Iranshahr also confiscated -
3 weapons, without permits, and 31 rounds of ammunition. -
i
9310
CSO: 5300
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IRAN
CENTRAL COMMITTEE TO INTENSIFY ANTINARCOTICS CAMPAIGN
Tehran MIZAN in Persian 25 Dec 80 p 5
[Article: "The,Antinarcotics Smuggling Campaign Will Proceed Vigorously. Respon-
sibility for the Campaign Has Been Transferred to the Central Revolutionary Com-
mittee"] ~
[Text] Following the resignation of Hn~~atoleslam Khalkhali, officials of the
Central Co~nittee have taken over the Antinarcotics Campaign in order to prevent ~
a standstill in the process of uprooting addiction.
Ho~~atoleslam 'Ali Qoddusi announced in a letter from the Supreme Court to Anti- i
narcotics cadres: With the approval of the Supreme Court responsibility for this
- vital task has been assigned to the Central Islamic Revolutionary Committee and an
organization has been formed and outfitted for a decisive and relentless campaign
against addicts. For this reason the Revolutionary Court asks that all those who
~ have participated in this campaign up until now turn over all files, documents,
money, and whatever narcotics they have within 24 hours to the nearest Revolution-
ary Court in Tehran and obtain a receipt.
The Supreme Court added that revolutionary courts throughout the country are re-
quired to cooperate immediately with the above organizations, and to take this
opportunity, using their own agents, to vigorously ptlrsue narcotics smugglers,
producers, sellers, buyers, and all other persons they wish to pursue and to turn
them over to the revolutionary courts.
9310
CSO: 5300
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IRAN
BRIEFS
NARCOTIC CONVICTS RELEASED--According to a central news bureau report, the public
- relations office of the antinarcotics court announced on the occasion of
11 February, the second anniversary of Iran's Islamic revolution, that 500
narcotic convicts who had been sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment were released.
= These cor,victs had served 4 months of their sentences, before their sentences
; were suspended. [Text] jLD090622 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 1630 GMT
-j 8 Feb 81 LD]
SMUGGLERS ARRESTED--Five gunpowder smugglers have been arrested by Shiraz Islamic
~ Revolition Guards. Twenty kg of powder was confiscated. Another six people have
~ been arrested for possession and distribution of narcotics. [Text] [GF091854
i Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian 1530 GMT 9 Feb 81 GF]
NARCOTIC DEALERS SENTENCED--The Behbehan Revolution Court has sentenced three
-j narcotic dealers to 3 to 9 months in prison. [Ahvaz Domestic Service in Persian
1330 GMT 10 Feb 81]
OPIUM CULTIVATION BANNED--The Shiraz Revolution Court has issued a communique
banning the cultivation of opium poppies in the province. [GF181901 Shiraz
- Domestic Serv~ce in Persian 1530 GMT 18 Feb 81 GF]
_'i
~ NARCOTICS CONFISCATED--During the Persian month of Bahman, 21 January-19 February
~ 1981, personnel of the Shiraz Antidrug Squad discovered 634 grams of heroin, 708
, grams of opium, 1,605 grams of burned opium, 166 grams of opium juice, 2,764 grams
of hashish, 2,700 grams of other types of narcotics and five drug-related items.
Eighty-one persons have been arrested in connection with these drugs. [GF181901
Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian 1530 GMT 18 Feb 81 GF]
NARCOTICS SEIZED--Shiraz revolution guards have seized 28.3 kg of opium from
_ three individuals. [GF181620 Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian 1530 GMT 19 Feb 81]
- NARCOTICS REaOVERED--The mobile unit of the Shiraz revolution guards recovered
25 kg of opium, 2 kg of hashish and arrested 8 persons. [GF220629 Shiraz Domestic
~ Service in Persian 1530 GMT 21 Feb 81)
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I
NARCOTICS CONFISCATED--Fasa revolution guards have confiscated over 700 grams of
opium and h~~roin along with a ~uantity of ammunition following the arrest of four
persons. [GF221840 Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian 1530 GMT 22 Feb 81]
DRUGS DISC~~IFRED--Shiraz police have discovered 124 grams of heroin and 1,212 .
grams of hashish in the past 4 days. [GF221840 Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian
1530 GMT 22 Feb 81]
CSO: 5300
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sunatv
BRIEFS
POR~ SUDAN DRUG RAIDS--The Red Sea Police Directorate has carried out successful
~ ~ campaigns resul ting in the discover.y of 291 bundles of hashish in a house in Dar
al-Na'im and th e arrest of the criminal. The police were also able to search a
house in Daym Kuriya and confiscate 76 bundl~s of "bongo" (hashish). The criminal
registered a 1 egal confession of his possession of the hashish. The police also
~ acquired information of a pending sale of a certain amount of pills in the Salalab
district. They placed surveillance on one of the houses under suspicion and were
ahle to arrest five criminals who were using a(Buks) ~vehicle. On inspection of
the vehicle a s uitcase was discovered with 21,000 pills. [Excerpt] [Khartoum
AL-SAHAFAH in Arabic 18 Jan 81 p 8]
- CSO: 5300
i
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YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC
COMPOSITION, CULTIVATION, USE OF QAT DETAILED
_ Abu Dhabi AL-WAHDAH in Arabic 17 Dec 80 p 3
[Article by 'Abd-al-Mawla Murshid: "Some Light on Qat and Its Economic Problems
in Yemen"]
~ [Text] From time to time we read in UAE newspapers about the violations of law ~
committed by some people who try to bring qat into the UAE for personal consumption
or sale. This at first gives the reader the impression that qat is a narcotic
substance similar to other narcotics the use of which is ordinarily restricted and
forbidden by UN agencies, regional organizations and the world's countries, except
for the purposes of inedical experimentatjun.
This doeS not.me~n that qat doesn't vastly affect and harm the economy of the
country whi.ch grows and consumes it, mainly Yemen. In fact, in the case of Yemen,
qat is economically injurious, whether on the level of the whole country, the -
individual and family budgEt, or the future of coming generations. Its extreme -
- seriousness lies in qat's being bound up with the Yemeni people's terperament and
frame of mind. Therefore, the Yemenis ~ustify chewing it by saying that qat is
better than alcoholic beverages--i.e., it is the lesser of two evils. They concede
that its negative points outnimmber i~s positive points, and then ask: What is the
alternative? How can the deteriorating problem be solved?
Both the San'a' and the Aden governments have tried to draw up rules to regulate
its cultivation and consumption, but these attempts have not achieved their
anticipated results, because they have missed many ob~ective treatments, especially ~
those demanded and required by Yemeni unification. If the treatments for the
various problems of the Yemeni people are not all-inclusive, interconnected and
_ integrated throughout the entire Yemeni nation, they will be doomed to failure.
The Cultivation of Qat in Yemen
There are many stories about how the culCivation of qat spread to Yemen, but _
according to the July 1980 issue of t~e Kuaraiti magazine AL-'ARABI, "it is certain
that it spread to Yemen from its original habitat in Ethiopia with the Ethiopian
invasion of Yemen in the sixth century A.D. Harari qat--from Harar in Ethiopia--
is still grown in so~e mountainous areas, so as to stimulate the brain, strengthen
' the memory, and banish cares and sorrow from the soul by burning th.e leaves and
inhaling their smc,ke. Some foreign travellers have called it 'Arab tea.'
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I _
"It is said that Alexander the Great used qat to cure his soldi.ers of any illness
that hroke out among thenn. It is likely that the cultivation of qat in Yemen
predates the growing of coffee. Qat is.no~z groam in Che countries of east and south
Africa--Etfiiopia, Somalia, Kenya, the Congo, Uganda, Nyasaland, and Rhodesia."
The Chemical Co~tposition of Qat
Reading the laboratory studies on qat, especially the one written by Former PDRY
' peputy Health Minister 'Isa Ba-Mutarraf and Dr al-Yamani al-Manda'i, makes it clear
that qat contains both active and inactive substances. _
The inactive substances include about 10 percent water, 10 percent mineralsr some
sugar compoun~s, a small amount of volatile aromatic oil, some amino acids, a
small amount of coline jtransliteration], and a considerable amount of Vitamin C.
The active ingredients include flavoids [transliteration], astringent compounds
amounting to 14 percent of the weight of the dry residue, and alkaloids totalling
0.15 to 0.20 percent of the dry residue.
The substance alkatine is the main alkaloid, since it makes up 0.5 percent of the
alkaloid part. In addition, there are other bases, including katnine and kathdine i
[transliteration]. According to WHO reports, the chemical formula for alkatine is I
[formula not shown].
In the early seventies, WHO sent a team of chemical experts to San'a' to obtain
qat samples for experimentation in its laboratories at the Geneva headquarters. _
The results of this mission's efforts coincided with earlier studies.
How Qat Is Chewed -
Professor Fahmi al-Huwaydi, author of the article "The Qat Party Always Wins"
published in the July 1980 issue of p.L-'ARABI, recounts his observations and
experience in chewing qat as follows:
"I had the opportunity to witness three qat sessions, and each time I was unable
to keep the qat in my mouth, swallowing it a few minutes after chewing its dark ;
red leaves. One needs much practice to be able to store the sma11 wad in the side ;
/ of the mouth. One might chew it for at least an hour, taking time off to pursue
other activities such as talking, reading, writing, and sometimes dancing and
_ singing. The qat session has its appointed times, rules and rituals, and is held in
specific places. In places ~vith temperate climates such as San'a' and the mountain
villages, qat is chewed right after eating. In relatively hot areas like Aden and
Hudaydah, qat is chewed after the afternoon prayer. Usually, the qat chewers
- gather in predetermined numbers, so that the host is not too heavi'y burdened.
- Each individual brings to the place of relaxation, or "mabraz," a bundle of qat
- and whatever he needs, such as cold watar, cola, a thermos of tea, or some coffee,
and sit3 down with a bundle of qat in �ront of him. Everyone sits in a circle at
these sessions, wfiich are held regularly each day (except in Aden, where the
sessions are held on Thursday, Friday and official holidays). There is no
discrimination between rich and poor, minister and watchman. Everyone is on the
same level, ceremony is dispensed with, and only nicknames are used. The arrival -
- takes off his shoes. They continu~ chewing qat for 4 to 5 hours a day, until after
the sunset prayer and sometimes until after tfie evening prayer."
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The Paychological Effect o~ Qat
In 1977, some Aden University professors made studies using empirical methods,
psychological experimentat~on, and physiolog~cal measuring tools. These studies,
- which were published, clearly showed the psyciiological effects wIiich show up
during and after cfiewing qat. In most o� the cases which were part of the study, -
there was a sensation of cfieerfulness, happiness, mental stlmulation, a desire to
read, study, talk and discuss things witfi friends, and a desire to dance and sing.
- Naturally, this e�fect is due to the cfiemical composition of qat and its similarity
to stimulants. It was observed that the manifestations of qat's real psychological
effect differed from one person to anotfier. With regular chewers, the effects
did not show up cle arly until after a relatively long period of chewing, while
the effects were rapid for beginners or those who chew sporadically on special
occasions. After chewing qat, depression, de,jection and introversion was prevalent -
in most cases. AL-'ARABI explains the psychological effect of qat in its March 1980
issue, No. 14 8, say ing, "Qat has several active ingredients, including katine,
which is an amphetamine. These bases have psychological effects on the nervous ~
system of the qat user, the most important effect being general stimulation. Qat
has an effect similar to the stimulant effect of caffeine."
Qat Bushes and Prices
~
In his book "Medical Studies on Qat," Dr al-Yamani al-Manda�i describes the qat -
bush as.reach ing a height of 1 to 2 meters in dry areas. It has complete, opposing,
evergreen leaves wh ich are oval and rounded on their upper and lower surfaces, with
serrated edg e s. Its flowers are clustered in a floral form called "cymes," at the
-i base of the 1 eaves, and these small, regular flowers are greenish-white and are
composed of f ive sepals, five petals, five stamens and three pistils. The fruit is
- a small capsu le containing ona to three wing-shaped seeds which store [plant
nutrient ] and two leaf-shaped cotyl.edons .
In Yemen, th e qat b ush is grown at elevations of 2,000 meters above sea level.
The qat seeds are planted in nurseries and then transplanted to the open ground.
Alternatively, the shoots which sprout along the branches of the qat bush are
_ planted in the early spring. Constant pruning of the qat bush keeps it from
- grawing any h igher than 3 to 4 meters, as a rule. Ordinarily, harvesting begins
when the bush is 4 years old. Pruning in order to obtain young leaves continues
throughout the year.
Pre~ent-day q at prices are about 10 times what they were in 1974, when the price
of a bundle of good-quality qat was 30 to 50 UAE dirhams. Prices have now reached
about 300 dirhams. Each region produces a different type of qat. In San'a', the
al-Dhala'i ty pe is considered superior, whereas in Ta'izz al-Sabri is thought to _
be better. A1-Yafi'i and al-Dhali'i prevail in Aden. The quality varies with the
growing region, whether it is mountainous or level, and also according to the
number of harvestings or prunings. -
U~t `s Economic and Social Harms
The qat prob lem is considered an inheriCed trial and tribulation of the Yemeni
people, and therefo re the information media and the educational authorities have
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singled it out and emphasized its economic, social and health disadvantages. They
all agree that its economi.c damage is represented hy the following poittts.
1. riost of the time, the government employee woxks no niore than 4 hours a day,
since the employee wfio spends a sleepless nigh.C arrives at the office late, 2~nd
cannot sit still in izis chair and do his work after 1200 noon, when the time comes
= to buy qat. The end result i~ that many work hours are lost each day, not to men-
tion the shutting down of work and fiusiness dealings and their postponement until
tomorrow. Besides that, spending 4 hours a day chewing qat is a waste of time and
- a loss of several hours in the life of the Yemeni man which could be used for
activities conducive to national economic advantage.
2. Qat has come to constitute a reason for Yemeni migration, since its rising
prices lead some people into debt and bankruptcy. The indivi dual's inability to
balance his income and his expenditures leads him to think of emigrating somewhere
where qat is not grown and its chewing is ~rohibited by law. In this context, the
well-known Yemeni author Dr 'Abd-al-'Aziz al-Muqalih says, "The Yemeni migrates in
order to save money, since what fie saves overseas is equivalent to what he spends
on qat at home."
- 3. The steep rise in the price of qat has induced a majority of farmers to stop
growing other crops and shift to qat because it is more prof itable and needs less
care. This is another reason for Che deficit in Yemeni agric ultural production.
Because the soil most suited to qat cultivation is the same soil where coffee is
grown, some farmers have unhesitatingly pulled up coffee trees and replaced them
with qat bushes. For this reason, Yemen has lost its historic reputation for the
production and export of coffee.
' 4. Continual qat chewing naturally leads to the spread of nutritional diseases,
from pellagra to enlarged liver and stomach ulcers, which exhaust the Yemeni worker,
_ employee and merchant and weaken his ahility to work and produce. Furthermore,
the diseases caused by qat chewing and the loss of appetite tend to shorten the
lifespan of the Yemeni citizen; the average age of the Yemen i is only 42.5 years.
O,at's social damage can be summarized as follows.
l. Qat upsets stable familial relations. Because of the head of the family's
e~:penditures on qat at the expense of necessary foodstuffs and consumer goods, the
- recuperative po~aers of the family budget become insufficient, and this causes
family relations to be disturbed. Children might be forced to work at an early age
to help support the family, and the children might also be deprived of the oppor-
tunity to continue their education, especially higher and sp ecialized education.
2. The hours the father spends chewing qat with his friends, and his late return
home in an anxious state, deprives his family and childreiL of his love and care.
This causes a loss of family cohesiveness.
3. In studying several divorce cases in Yemen, i.t has been noted that qat is the
main reason for divorce, in addition to othe.r factors which. are considered secondary.
4. Qat chewing leads to drinking alcoholic beverages.
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5. Qat is a factor in the spread of corruption and ~ilfering in the society,
whether this corruption is concealed or overt. -
- Is Qat a Narcotic?
- From the preceding, w~e have come to the rapid recognition of qat and its various
economic and social harms. Do ~re still need to answer tFie question whether qat is
= a narcotic, an opiate or a stimulant? Or tFie compendium of all the harms represented
by narcotic stimulants? -
8559
CSO: 53~J0
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GHANA
PJLICE ORDERED TO SET UP NARCOTICS UNIT
Accra DAILY GRAPHIC in Engl3sh 30 Jan 81 p 8
[Article by Breda Atta-Quayson]
~ [Text] The Ghana Police Sen~ice has been ordere d to set up a Narcotics Unit
for the de;.ection, investigation, apprehension and prosecution of drug traffickers
in the country.
The order was given by the Minister of the Interior, Dr W. C. Ekow-Daniels, in the
wake of increasing rate of "Wee" smuggling in the country.
_ The Minister, who disclosed this to me in an excl~zsive interview at his office
in Accra yesterday, expressed the Government's concern about the high incidence
of "wee" smuggling in recent times .
He said the Governmant w~.s also exploring the possibility of introducing trained
Alsatian dogs at Kotoka International Airport and other ports in the country to -
help track down "wee" smuggling.
- Dr Ekow Daniels stated tiiat the duty of the Unit will include the gathering and `
collation of intelliger:e reports concerning dxug activities in the country.
It will also maintain an index and record of all '~cnown drug offenders.
~ The squad will check drug smuggling in the regions where there axe a:ir and sea
ports,, maintain sta~istics and bring to the attention of the Governn~ent cases of
- drug ..muggling in the order that the Government might be acquainted with the na- -
ture a;-~d size of drug problems in the country. -
.
CSO: 530~
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GHANA
GHAN[~~IANS APRESTED IN LONDON FQR DRUG SMUGGLING
- Announcement Made
Accra DAILY GRAPHIC in F.aglish 2 Feb 81 p 1
~Excerpt~
THE names of 67 out of
the 100 Ghanaiane who -
have been arreated in
London within the paet ;
aeven monthe for their ~
involvement In IndIaa
hemp tralftcking have
been releoeed together
with the quaatity of the
etuff they were carry-
' ing.
- They include a mechu-
nical enaineer, a tutor and
a paeto~. ,
Smugglers' Characteristics
_ Accra LIAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Feb 81 pp 1, 4
~Excerpts~ The names of the rema.ining 43 count of the 100 Ghanaians who have been -
arrested in London within the past seven months for their involvement in Indian =
hemp trafficking together with the quantity of the s~uff they allegedly carried
have been released.
They include a lawyer, a missionary, a Y~ousewife, nine women and four studentso
~ They had concealed the r.emp mainly on their bodies, in photograph frames and in
' suitcases. -
Meanwhile, special units are to be set up in a11 police stations throughout the
- country to help combat the cultivation of and trafficking of Indian hemp and other
na.rcotics.
_ In an interview with the Ghana News Agency in Accra yesterday, Mr Paul Boakye
_ Dattey, Comcnissioner of Police, CID, said the police was determined to uproot this
social evil which had hit the Ghana.ian society.
, Mr Boakye Dattey said the problem would be tackled at the grassroots and appealed
to the public to help by giving information about the location af hemp farms and
d ealers.
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LIBERIA
- ARRESTS Gr' GHANAIAN, NIGERIAN SMiJGGLERS
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 30 Jan 81 P g
[Text] A Ghanaian, Godwin Dzorkpe has been arrested by the Joint Security
- Forces for illegally smuggling about $10,000 worth of marijuana into the
country.
Godwin Dzorkpe, 31, was at the weekend arrested upon his arrival at the
Roberts International Airport aboard a Ghana Airways flight.
Col Daniel Doe, Chief Security Officer at the Airport said the marijuana was
concealed in two tables when his men confiscated it.
Dzorkpe, who claimed ownership of the tables told security officers that he had
brought the drug to sell to finance his studies in the United States, after
learning that it was a lucrative business in Liberia.
In another development, Abdul Rasaq Tijani, a 42-year-old Nigerian was arrested
- last Monday by security guards at the Postal Affairs Ministry in Monrovia where
~ he had gone to take delivery of a parcel he claimed was sent to him by one
I Altiaji Ayisat Tijani of Lagos, Nigeria.
~ ~ careful examination revealed that the parcel contained about $500 worth of
marij uana .
Abdul Tijani has denied knowledge about the content of the parcel.
Meanwhile, Godwin Dzorkpe and Abdul Tijani are being detained at the G-2 Annex
_ on Benson Street, here awaiting trial. LINA
CSO: 5300
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SOUTH AFRICA
BRIEFS
YEAR'S DAGGA. HAUL--During the period July 1, 1979, to June 30, 1980, 575 419 kg
- of dagga worth R115 083 was confiscated by the SA Police, the Minister of Police,
Mr Louis le Grange, sai d in a written reply to a question by Mr Nigel Wood (NRP
Berea). He said the va lue was calculated at the current smuggling price of R200
per kg. ~Text~ ~Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Feb 81 p 8~
I C � 00
SO . 53
'
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DENMARK
~ LOCAL VOLUNTEER ANTINARCOTICS GROUPS REGISTER SUCCESSES
Copenhagen INFORMATION in Danish 7 Jan 81 p 4
[Article by Peter B. V. Jensen: "Action Program for a Dope-Free Denmark"J ~
[Text] After the publicat~on by Danish insurance companies of an offer to f inance
tihe fight against drug abuse in Denmark, it has become possible for the first time
i to make known the contents of the plan for a drug-free Denmark on a financially
' realist ic basis.
_
' For a year now, the Popular Movement against Hard Drugs (FMHS), as the only nation-
I wide ( rass-roots or anization n
g ) g i existence, has present~d proposals and already
! put initiatives into effect regarding the providing of information on the fighting
' against drug abuse in Denmark.
Local Groups
~
j The basis on which the FMHS is organized consists of approximately 30 self-governing
local groups all over the country. Hundreds of active indivi~:iuals who have not yet
~oined any existing local groups are to be added to these.
II Up until now, the local groups, seriously hampered by their lack of financial capa-
; bilities, have been responsible for local educational and preventive work, including
i blocking off places where hard drugs are sold.
; _
Bases in Towns and Cities
Depending upon whether the local authorities' attitude is benevolent or hostile,
i~;cal groups are in the process of acquiring facilities which can function as bases
for the local groups' work. Where some local groups are concerned, they are planning
~ bases in towns and cities which are adapted to local needs: wards to receive acute
cases of addiction, facilities for curing addicts in towns and cities or halfway
houses for former drug addicts who have returned from treatment in the country and
are confronted with ~he difficult probletn of transition to an independent existence
with their own ~obs and their own places of residence.
Bases in the Country
The establishment of bases in the country is planned for the treatment of drug ad-
~ dicts in the country, away from the big cities and as a starting point for the work
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of local groups in rural districts. Rural bases also constitute the central co-
ordinating and assembling points for the collectives and ordinary families from which
the FMHS already has received promises, in many hundreds of cases, to take in and -
care for former drug addicts under the usual conditions for the receiving of clients
in family care. -
It is also planned to use the rural bases as recruiting and wintering centers for
The Mobile University [Den rullende Ho~skole].
The Mobile University's physical framework consists of campers arranged to serve
as living quarters and for instruction and a number of towing vehicles to tow the
campers around the country. The students are recently-cured drug addicts and the
teachers are recruited from among ordinary teachers, social workers, manual la-
borers and former drug addicts. The trainin.g which is offered, in addition to the
_ usual training provided in schools, includes participation in public work projects,
for example, which they are in a position to hunt out and provide manpower for,
_ because of the Mobile University's physical structure, without having to provide
residential facilities.
At present, The Mobile University's physical structure is being planned at the
i
Advance School of Architecture in Copenhagen and the pedagogical basis is being set ~
up on the basis of advice provided by representatives of the F~ordhojmiljoerne.
Here, as in the FNLiS~s other projects, those participating, from a natural and ur- ~
gent commitment to the work, will take part in the preventive and educational work
wherever it occurs.
The Educational and Preventive Work
In the past year, representatives of the FMHS have given hundreds o� lectures a11
~ over the country to educate and give warning concerning the increasing drug addic-
tion in Denmark. The lectures have been accompanied by motion pictures or slides,
_ and usually one or more of the speakers has been a former drug addict. For the most
part, the slides which are used have been prepared by the FMEiS's own people, and the
- FMHS itself has prepared various series of slides and is in the process of making I
_ a short motion picture. The ~MHS, in cooperation with the Ministry of Education's
consultant on questions related to narcotics and alcohol, is working on the prepara-
- t ion of a set of informational books for the highest-grade classes in the public
schools. At present, because of an incomprehensible lack of certainty in regard
- to containuing appropriations in that area within the Ministry of Education, an
attempt is being made to get that work completed in cooperation with existing school
textbook publishers.
- The FMHS has acquired a motorboat carrying a sail which is to visit Danish ports
next sumrler as an element in the program of educational and preventive work. The
crew will consist predominantly of former and recently-cured drug addicts.
Especially for f inancial reasons, but also as a part of the educational work, the
- F'MFiS has been in charge of arranging for various concerts, the publication of re-
cordings and participation in rock festivals. _
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Under preventive work, the recording of information on places where hard drugs are
sold, or, in concrete cases, the blocking off of such places or reporting them to
the police must be mentioned.
The FMHS believes that there is a lack of comprehension of the overwhelming nature
_ of the drug addict's dependency upon hard drugs. The addict who seeks treatment must
be reasonably sure that freedom from his addiction will be the result of the treat-
ment. That can only be certal.n if the addict, on the basis of a voluntary arrange-
- ment, can be kept under treatment.
As its third treatment seminar in 1980, the FMHS produced proposals concerned with
s~irvival and resocialization pro~ects which were especially planned for groups of
old drug addicts. The idea is that those involved in the project would be placed
on deserted islands (Livo or Flakfortet, for example) with possibilities for re-
- ceiving education and working on ecological agricultural projects and renewable
energy projects. Those concerned with carrying out the work are expected to be ~
T^^ruited from among former drug addicts, to a great extent, since former addicts
have the best understanding of the need to attack the hard drugs` grip on the in- -
dividual's free will vigorously.
P~vchopharmaceuticals
d;i the basis of cooperation with the Gale movement, among others, the ~MHS is in -
tiie process of charting the extent of the legal abuse of psychopharmaceuticals,
since that is a social and community problem whose dimensions arz equal to or much
greater than those of illegal drug abuse and legal abuse often leads to, or supple-
ments, illegal abus2.
.4ethadone -
Methadone can be used in short-term cure programs for drug addicts, but it is not -
- necessary.
_ The FMHS opposes the use of inethadone in long-term treatment programs �~c drug
addicts. There is nothing from either experiments conducted in Denmark or abroad
which would encourage the use of thia type of treatment.
On the contrary, experience has shown that the dispensing of inethadone prescriptions
- over a long period of time results in the atCracting of an increased number of ad-
dicts from other parts of the country.
Basically, the prescribing of addictive substances results in an increase in the
total amount of hard drugs, and consequently an increase in the number of addicts.
Hashish
The FMHS do~s not regard hashish as a hard drug in the sense of an addictive sub-
s~-.ance, but �~e tliink that hashish, when used excessively or misused, can have harm-
f~~:~ ef'~n..~s cahich are personally or socially significant or are of significance to
the cammunity.
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The FMHS opposes any misuse of narcotics. We are working for a drtlg-free Denmark
where happiness and visions can be experienced without taking artificial stimulants.
At *_he same time, it must be emphasized that the number of regular smokers of hashish
in Denmark is close to or greater than 100,000. TY:e danger for that group of in-
dividuals is emphasized by the fact that both hashish and the hard drugs, including
opiates and cocaine, are imported and distributed through the same channels.
Drug Abuse in Prison
Drug abuse among inmates of Danish correctional institutions is growing. In the
~ mi.dst of great difficulties, the FriHS has had local group~ established in Danish
pr.isons in many cases.
Basically, the FMHS thinks that prison sentences for offenses resulting from drug
abuse should be changed to sentences to treatment to the greatest possible extent--
that is, orders r.o receive and remain in treatment until a degree of the result of
treatment of or resocialization established by law has been achieved.
Searches of prisoners and visitors are to be improved. This is to be accomplished
against a background of improved educational and occupational opportunities offered
during the inmates' stay in the institutions.
The incarceration of former drug addicts to serve sentences received in connectior.
with offenses committed during the former period of drug abuse should be prevented.
- Safeguarding of cured drug addicts after their release should be given higher priority
bv the authorities who are involved,
Cooperation with Authorities and Institutions
In spite of the dimensions of the task and the scanty financial means available,
the FMHS has already come a l~ng way in carrying out the projects aimed at producing
a dru~-free Denmark which are described above.
The actual social situation aiid the social conditions which constitute the back-
ground for the growth in the abuse of narcotics, particularly in the large towns
and cities of the ~destern world, naturally cannot be changed by the proposals which
are described here, but the social situation cannot fail to be affected by the es-
tablishment of a broad program of cooperation in which individuals from many f ields
are involved and in which all the business interests, governmental authorities and
institutions which are lnvolved participate, if that cooperation takes place against
the background of the work the FP~4IS has done up to now.
In an overall plan for a drug-free Denmark, the existing network of inst~.tutions
providing treatment will necessarily enter into a program of cooperation of that
kind to the extent that institutions have been able, in spitc of financial-crisis
budgets and unfavorable rates of pay for employees, to perform careful treatment in
a reasonable way and produce a creative expansion of that treatment program. Co-
- operation with the palice is absolutely necessary, and especially where the blocking
off of places where drugs are sold is to be carried out at local initiative, and it
is also necessary to br ~rg about increased effectiveness of some of the work of the
police.
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A preliminary condition for the successful carrying out of the work which is just as -
important is the involvement of the professiona~ organizations in the planning work,
and particularly the involvement of the doctors' and social educators' professional �
organ iz at ions .
A factor which is essential for the successful performance of the work is cooperation _
with both local and national politicians on condition that the political planning
in other areas is ad~usted to f it the desired purpose, so that they do not contribute
to the creation of conditions which produce new drug addicts by pursuing jncorrect
slum-clearance or unemployment policies, for example.
A basic factor in carrying out the work is now, and must also be in the future,
the work of ordinary citizens in their own local spheres. This sort of social work
is, in itself, of a preventive and treatment-providing nature, and at best it re-
su~ts in an enhanced social consciousness from which the entire community will
benef it .
Peter B.V. Jensen works in the Popular Movement against Hard Drugs.
(Information concerning the projects described above can be ordered, on a limited
scale, from the Folkebevaegelsen mod harde stoffer, Studiestraede 16, 1455 Kobenhavn
- K. Telephone: (O1) 116010. Hours: 1400-1800. -
The Popular Movement against Hard Drugs can be given f inancial support by payments
made into Giro Account No. 5 60 70 00).
9266
CSO: 5300 �
I
I
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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
HEROIN STATISTICS FOR WEST BERLIN IN 1980
West Berlin DER TAGESSPIEGEL in Genaan 30 Dec 80 p 12 -
- [DPA Article: "Heroin Is Being Thinned Morz"]
[Text] By the end of the year, S1 drug-related deaths were
recorded, 30 less than 1979. A similarly large drop was
recorded in 1978 when 62 drug-related deaths were counted,
23 less than 1977, the largest count on record. Experts
therefore attribute no particular significance to these
fluctuations. `1'he youngest victim this time was 17 years =
old, the oldest 33. The police als~ point out that many deaths
caused by t~eroin are not recognized as such if the drug addic- -
tion is the secondary cause of death.
One possible reason for the current drop is the smaller concentration of herain, ~
which previously had amounted to 80 to 90 percent for wholesale qusntities and was -
25 to 30 percent on the street. According to the police it is being "cut" more now. -
The concentration for wholesale quantities is now 35 to 40 percent and 10 percent
for the smaller quantities, similar to the situation in the United States.
Although the police continue to register an increasing number of heroin addicts -
(according to the police, 3,500 heroin users have been r~corded in the city, where-
as scientific studies are based ~n well more than 6,000 cases), a larger percentage `
- than before seems to have shaken th~ habit.
By the end of November, 14.6 kilograms of heroin had been seized in Berlin; the
figure for the previous year was 13 kilograms. Cocaine also turned up for the f irst
time in r~latively large quantities. The police seized 603 grams compared ta the -
100 grams of 1979. The police, however, do not view this yet as a cocaine market.
The quantities confiscated this time were taken principally from several so-called
transit cases, when dealers were seized in Berlin with cocaine intended fc~r Austria.
There was clearly less hashish taken in 1980 than in the previous year, 62.9 kilo-
= grams compared to E5 kilograms in 1979. The police emphasize that they are concen-
Y trating on the heroin market. Hashish is consumed in the city "in virtually unknown
quantities." In contrast to the heroin addict who sooner or later sticks out i.n
the community, the hashish user is "more adapted and mort {ztegrated in society."
9485
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F INLAND
BRIEFS
HELSINKI HEROIN SEIZURE--After a long interval, the Helsinki Criminal Police Narcotics
Detail has once again come across heroin. A couple of weeks ago, a 25-year old
Helsinki person was fcund in possession of a few grams. The man was sentenced to
prison. A few other persons were held for questioning. Last year there was not a
single case of heroin being seized in Helsinki, wh~ch does not prove that there
was no trafficking of heroin. The police warn users of the substance that even a
small amount can cause death. [Text] [Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT in Finnish
18 Feb 81 p 9]
CSO: 5300
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~
- GREECE
CONCLUSIONS FROM NARCOTTCS SFMI~TAR REPORTED
Athens EXORMISI in Greek 17 Jan 81 p 10
, ~Report by N. Kouysogiorga, sociologist~
-i ~Text ] The use of narcotics is characterized as a social crime; like all crimes,
I it presuppoaes the criminal, the victim and the opportunity. In the corrupt circle
of spreading narcotics, respons~bility is easily p inned on the criminal--the mer- .
chant of white death--and on factors which create tfie opportunity--governments which
are w311ingly blind--while tfie victim, who is the cfiild, has no responsibility. _
~ Legislators and psychologists have characterized cfiildhood as the age of curiosity,
innocence and gullibility and for tfits reason it is not happenstance that narcotics
_j are being puahed on 10-year-old cfiildren, tfie ~fiort term goal being exhorbitant
profit and the long term goal tfie certa~n result of disorienting youth.
~ Boredom, alienation, underemployment, the fever for consumption and competitiveness
and the lack of ideals and goals in life are characteriatics of the mercenary
i society which promotes inhuman life models to youths and pushes them to narcotics.
T.he Way of Life
But this way of life was not created by youths, we adults created it. We have a
gr.eat reaponsibility for this and we must struggle to create the prerequisites for
a new perception, a new society freed from t~oe~~fsctora which strengthen narcotics
uee.
i
i This was the conclusion of the seminar on narcotics which was organized a short time
ago by PEDP (Panhellenic Union For Rights of the Child). The speakers were:
' lecturer I. Krikellis, president of the Panhellenic Medical Association; the
general secretary of PEDP, Pediatrician Matina Panagiotopoulou; and K. Khasapis,
lawyer and member of the P~~P Administrative Council. An exchange of viewpoints
_ and proposals by various agents followed. The coordinator was Professor M.
Nikoliaakos.
Lecturer I. Krike113~ stxessed that the problem is biological, humanistic, soci~.'
and pedagog~ic. The problem for Greece lies in the continuing decrease i.n t:he agE:
of victitns; for this reason, the campaign for app ropriate enlightenment and
understanding of the problems of youtfi, and the social fondness with which we must
envelop youths, will aid in arming them with the required powers of resistance
during the period of the initial phase of adult life. The speaker refered with
details to the psychologica?, biological and genetic effects caused by narcoti.r.:.-
on the ind~vidual.
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The Data
_ Pediatrician Matina Panagiotopoulou presented data from the International Toxicology
5emit~ar which took place last fall in Salonica where it was reported that drug
addicts are today aged 17 to 25 years and there is the tendency for them to becocn~
14 r.o 22 years. In the same seminar it was reported that in recent years in
Greece, 1,000 persons have died from narcotics, whereas the Ministry of Social
Services acknowledges only 80.
- Naturally, this number is recorded in the Register Office, but we must admit that
the number is much greater because, according to testimony of doctors and clini-
cians, the Greek family is trying in a thousand ways (private clinics, etc.) to
_ cover up the real reasons �or death. To wh~t is owing tfie advancement of narcotics
in our country?
The answer that the phenomenon is worldwide, stressed the speaker, does not satisfy
us because such advance.ment is not being observed in all societies. We know from
international data that drug addiction is particularly plaguing youths in the
United Statea, youths in tfie developed industrial countries of Western Europe,
_ countries, that is, in which the phenomenon of economic crisis and acute social
antagonisms is present. TTiat is, we have a social problem to face whose control
surpasaes the restricted boundaries of the family. The principal cause must be
sought in deliberate and systematic ef~orts by organized commercial and political
circles which aim at disorienting youths and hindering tfiem from becoming respon-
sible citizens.
TYie fact that this effort is deliberate and systematic is revealed by the extent
itsel� of the phenomenon and the means which are exploited for its wide and quick
dissemination in discos, ca~eterias and such.places whie and asea schoolrforion
and meeting sites for anti-social elements of every typ ,
corruption, violence and narcotics use. Tf~ere are 1,000 discos operating in
Athens and another 3,000 in Makedonia~
The third speaker, Lawyer K. Khasapis, refexed to the dimensions of the problem,
measures for prevention and information, the role of the press and local self-
. government in enlightening parents, 3ournalistic research which aided in the
discovery and neutralization of distribution rings and tiie utter lack of special
institutions for rehaliilitation of drug addi:cts.
The three speakers especially stressed enlightenment of the public because of the
Ministry of Social Services' order that "no informing of the broader public
concerning narcotics must occur" and tfie curt ~ustification that: in the countries
where there was extensive enligt~tenment, tfie results were opposite to those sought,
_ yet the ministry is not in a position to tell us at what index of narcotics spread-
_ ing these same countries would be if there had been no infarming~
The Right
To the rights of the child was added one more: tfie right to be born free of depen-
dence on narcotics and of the social consequences which sucfi a dependence entails.
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This is because as a social crime can be characterized the spraading of venereal
- diseases (the drug addict, in order to satisfy his very expensive habit, is
forced to prostitute himself), the spreading of hepatitis and septicemia (from -
- contaminated needles) and the lack of productiviCy and the inconsistency in the
drug addict's work which causes a national and material loss to the social totaltty.
- The World Health Organization with its circular (ICP) recommends to the governments
that information be supplied via the means of mass media and by specially educated
government representatives on questions of health. _
Information
The citizen--it reminds them--has the right and responsibility to participate ac-.
tively in every sector concerning his health and the health of society as a whole.
If "health for all by the year 2000" entails a fundamental change in basic health
decisions and methods, this will be acliieved only with the full informin.g and
approval of all the interested parties. Based on this research in the internation-
al and Greek area, we sought revocation o~ the ~iinistry of Social Services' circu-
lar and modernization of the existing legislation with sociological criteria.
The following are sought in the PEDP's memorandum as immediate measures:
1. Measu~es should be taken for the effective application of the existing legisla-
tion and its modernization with sociological criteria. Special scientists and re-
presentatives from appropriate agencies should study the institutional framework
which wil~. ensure the correct, humane treatment of victims of narcotics use. Far
this pur~ose, detoxificatian centers should be created in various areas of Greece,
with specialized personnel and a social service ~,~hich will take care of the social
= reestablishment of cured individuals. TYie present in.tervention of the police in
~he procedure of admission and detoxification therapy of drug addicts (as ii they
are criminals) should not occur, nor should they be locked up in mental hospitals.
. 2. An official Natiunal Council should be created to fight against narcotics with.
the essential participation of elected representatives from the approp riate mass
agencies (organizations o� parents and guardians, educaCors, professionals, workers
in local self-government, etc. ) .
3. The Ministry of Social Services circular which forbids the municip alities to
organize informing of the public on the dangers of narcotics should be revoked.
9247
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FOR OFFICIAL U~E ONLY
ITALY
BRIEFS
' MORPHINE BASE HAUL--Veriice--With the latest discovery made by flying squad otficers
of Venice and Bolzano between 1 and 2 Jan at the vineyard of the Wunder farm owned
- by Herbert Oberhofer ~ust outside Bolzano, the operation that started with patient
in!~estigations of the antidrug division of the Venice police headquarters last
- November has already reached an importance w3thout precedent either in Italy or in
Europe. Besides tfie almost 80 ~cilos of heroin ard morphine base previously
seizad, 66 additional kilos of morphine have already been recovered, accurately
divided into 86 bags squeezed in containers concealed underground in the vineyard _
- of the Bolzano farm. The total value of the hallucinogens seized exceeds 170
billion ?,ire. [Milan CORRIERE DELLA SERA in Italian 4 Jan 81 p 5] 9674
_ TEN KILOS OF HE~OIN SEIZED--A new hard blow was dealt on New Year~s Eve to inter-
~ national dru~ traffickers by agents of the third flying squad of police head-
' quarters by order of Head Commissioner Achille Serra, Pursuing investigations
star. ted last October, temporar3ly suspended with the arrest of a Syrian, Abdallah
Ali Assan, 45, found in possession of half a kilo of heroin, investigators
succeeded in s3ngling out an important drug courier and in seizing from him 10
kilos of 95-percent-pure herion with a re~ail value of more than 13 billion
_ lii�e. Arrested was ~iuseppe Co~viello, 43, residing 3n Verona, former lance-
corporal of th~ carabinier~., eacpelled fro~m the military for co~itting fraud,
signing checks without funds, desertian and a"lienation of military uniforms . -
_ According to investigators, the enormous amount of drugs coming in from Syria and
Turkey was in transit through Italy un its �aay to the United Sta~.es. [Milan
- CORRIERE DELLA SER.A in Ttalian 4 Ja.n 8]. p 11] 9674
SYRIAN COURIER ARREST~~ Qne kilo fo heroin with a retail value close t:o a billian
_ ~ire was seizeri last Friday by customs agents from khe station at Liriate airpoY�t.
'~he courier who was transporting the drug, the Syrian citizen Moustafa Altaha
Haj Abdulha� 30, from Elb2b, was arrested, jMilan CORRIE~tE DELLA SERA in Italian _
5 Jaa ?1 p f3j 9674
,
- ELEVEN KILOS OF COCAINE SEIZ~D--Three couriers of a vast nPrwork that supplied -
~ dru~s tc *he principal ci~ies of northern Italy were arrested by car.abiniere during
tlie course of_ an operation that led to the seizure of 11 kilos an~ Z00 grams of
cocaine, the drug of the dopes, and 150 grams of heroin va.lued at more than 1.5
= b~llion lire. Jailed in San Vittore are: Vincenzo Semera;ro, 34, from Puglia;
Antonio Bellucca, 35, born in Potenza, and Giovanni Greco, 26, originally from -
Avellir~c, all residing in Mi1an and with records of cr3anes against property. -
. [Mi1an CORRIERE DELLA SERA in Italian 14 Jan 81 p 14J 9674 -
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SEVENTY KILOS OP' DRUGS SEIZED--'v'enice, 28 Dec--At Venice police headquarters
everybody is talking about the Uiggest antidrug operation ever conducted in Europe.
And not without reason. The officers of that flying squad have in fact seized -
in riattarello, Trento Province, near a hotel, in a vineyard, ;J kilos of morphine
and heroin worth a total of 100 billion lire. With this uperation it is reasonable
te cnnjecture that a large paYt of the European drug traffic has been interrupted.
- Among those jailed so far a.re: a hote.l keeper, Carlo Kofler, 53, born in San
Leonardo di Passiria, owner of the Kurrimhall, a hotei in Mattarello ttlat was in
the past investigated by Interpol for international t:eroin traffic; a playboy, -
- Herbe~t Oberhofer, 31, handcuffed in a"farm" in Trentino, a type of manorhouse -
~vith a suite of rooms furnistled with antiques and decked out with original paint-
ings, and with a large swimming pool; and a farmhand, Bruno Meraner, who had
buri.ed most of the drugs in one of Oberhofer's vineyarcls, 45.5 kilos of morphine
base. This amount, once cut, would Y:ave bro~ight some 80 kilos of heroin on the
marlce~, according to experts. Investigators have no doubt that this is an inter-
nat~onal organization at work with accomplices on various levels and at several
borders. The name Oberhofer is also associated to investigations of the bomb -
explosions in Trento in the early 60's. A whole chapter yet to be unveiled is the
role played by tiotel. keeper Klofer who was investigated in 1973 for his ties to
terrorists in the Upper Adige responsible for a series of attacks intended to
increase the tension between opposite extremist groups. [Text] [Milan IL GIORNO
in Italian 28 Dec 80 p 4] 9674 '
~
- COCAINE FROri BOLIVIA SEIZED--Thirteen persons arrested, 2 held in custody, almost ~
8.5 kilos of the pur.est cocaine seized, are the result of an ~.mportant antidrug
operation by customs agents. But other goods were caught in the net: lU million
lire, jewelry yet to be apprais~d, bulletproof vests, a mask representing a skull,
a wig, a false moustache. The:=e is the possibility that those jailed also engaged
iti other crimes besid~s trafficking in cocaine. Kidnaping, perhaps? Those arrested -
were: Daniele Liberati, 30, Corso Lodi 59; Pierluigi Borzoni, 38, Viale Caldara 49;
F.ugenia Corbar_i, 55, Corso Lodi 59; Segio Gamez, Bolivian, 50, staying in Milan at -
the Derby Restaurant at Viale Santa Rose 84; Janet Vasquez, Bolivian, 21, residing
in Trinidad; Santos Araujo, 21, residing in San Salvador; Mercedes De Rivero,
Bolivi.an, 35; Rene Tam~~ka, 29, residing in Santa Cruz; Luisa Walker, 30, of Santiago
de Chile; Adelia Chi_ozzi, 39, Corso Lodi 59; Teresa Martari, 25, Via Barrocchetti
25; Antonio Paterno, 57, residing on Corso Potenza in Torino; Manuel Gonzales, 36,
of 5antiago de Chile. Those held in custody were: Sergio Giovannini, 32, Via
Danta 1.2, Sesto San Ciovanni, and Maurizio Maccalli, 26, Via dei Cinquecento 4,
Three other pursons claiming to be Chileans were h~eld in custody; a:; they had no
touri.st papers they were take.n to polir_e headquarters for investigatio~.z. The
8.5 kilos seized in this operat:[on--arrived by airplane f'rom Bolivia--represents
50 l~c~rcent of t11e entire amount seized in 197~~ by t:he 3 police departments in
al l t:he nationa:! territory (16.f399 kilosl , [E;xc.erpts] [Milan IL GIORNO in
Italian 3l. Dec f30 p 19) 9674
CSO: 5300
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NORWAY
' CUSTOMS DRUG CONFISCATIONS SET NEW RECORD IN 1980
Oslo ARBEIDERBLADET in Norwegian 20 Dec 80 p 3
[Article by Petter Nome]
[Text] 1180: Once again ~;ustoms authorities will set a new record in drug confis-
cations. So far this year, the 12 narcotics groups in the country have seized 54.5
- kilograms of hashish. This is 35 percent more than for all of 1979.
_ Heroin confiscations are 84 times higher thar_ last year: 1,096.46 grams. The
tremendous increase is due primarily to the gigantic confiscation of kilogram
which was made in cooperation with narcotics police earlier this fall. If this
- figure is subtracted from the total, heroin confiscations have increased sevenfold,
nonetheless.
"Still, we have hard:'.y seized more than at most 2 to 3 percent of the drugs entering
the country from abrosd," chief of�icer Oddvar Sdether of the Customs Directorate `
rold ARBEIDERBLADFT.
The Customs Directorai:e interprets the figures as a c.onfirmation that the intensi- -
fi~ation of customs controls has borne fruit. At the same time, it is clear that
~ drug smuggling into ldorway is increasing. The hard drugs, especially heroin, cause -
the most problems. Smuggling of even small amounts can bring large economic gains
- ro the couriers.
� "The drug:, are often smug~led ir: the rect~xm or vagina, To carry out an inr.:ernal -
body searc:h, we must have permission from the polir_e. Such a procedure carinot be
_ put into c~peration on short not.ice," chief office:r Oddvar Saether said.
Customs ~iuthorities have a1_so noticed a c:lear trend in which individual hashish
conf iscat:ions are larger ttiar~ previously.
"Previously, 10 to 20 grams was a normal quantity. Tod,ay it is being smuggled by -
the hectogzam," Saether said.
Most confi.scations are made at airports, ferry terminal;~, and in the mail. This
las*_ cate~;ory has become more and more comnon, for whict~ the 10 narcotics dogs must
take most uf the credit. But it is stj.ll :random checkirig of passengers that yields
.*.he greatest returns for customs officials,
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"Srill, we can only check a minority. I hardly dare even t.hink how large an amount
of drugs is smuggled into the country," Oddvar Saether said.
It is still primarily younger. people who are arrested, but customs offir_ials have
put away once and for all the old idea that drug smugglers r_ould be identified by
their hair and clothing,
"The largest confiscations we have made have involved adults of very 'plain'
appearance," Saether said,
In addition to hashish and heroin, lesser amounts of LSD, mescaline, morphine, and "
cocaine ha~-e been confiscated. Norwegian customs stations seized cocaine for the
first time in 1979. At that time, 0.2 grams were conf iscated. 'Ifiis year, 7.4
grams were confiscated.
According to Saether, the narcotics dogs have been invaluable to customs officia~s.
In a short time they can be taught to sniff out almost any new drug that comes
onto the market. They have no dif�iculty in sniffing out cannabis drugs (hashish
and marijuana) and the opiates (opium, morphine, and heroin).
~ So far, these four legged "customs officers" have not been stationed continuouslv
at Fornebu, but they will be next year. In addition, the Customs Directorate has
its own narcotics groups at the following 12 locations in Norway: Orje, Svinesund,
Fredrikstad, Oslo, Fornebu, Tonsberg, Porsgrunn, Kristiansand, Stavanger, Bergen,
- Trondheim, and Narvik,
9336
CSO: 5300
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NORWAY -
BRIEFS
SENTEIVCE FOR HEROIN SMUGGLING--Only 5 of the 12 ~rks who were arrested in connection "
with the large heroin confiscation totaling 1.5 kilograms is Oslo "last Thursday
remain in custody. According to NTB's information, an attempt was made in Oslo
Magistrate's Court to retain three additional Tuxkish citizens in custody, but they
were released by the court. It has been requested that several of the Turks who
were not jailed be deported from Norway. Never before has so much of the hard
drug intended for the Norwegian market been con~iscated; the street value is at
leas~ 4.5 million kroner. Following the first arrests in Tonsberg, a woman was
apprehended in downtown Os1o with one-half kilogram of heroin, and the police
believe that she is the gang'scourier. At about the same time, police raided
several apartments in Oslo and 10 Turks were arrested. In one of the apartments
a kilogram of heroin was found. It was not so long ago that a Yugoslav of Turkish
origin was apprehended when he came to Oslo on the ferry from Denmark with 1.1
kilograms of her.oin, and that case is related to the recent heroin confiscation. _
The f ive Turks who are under arrest along with the Norwegian drug courier and _
heroin buyers in Tonsberg will remain in prison from 4 to 12 weeks without mail
and visiting privileges. Four of them w~ill be in Tonsberg. [Tex~] [Oslo
- ARBEIDERBLADET in Norwegian 23 Uec 80 p 3] 9336
i
LOWER HEROIN STREET PRICE--During the last half of 1980 there was a surprising drop
in the heroin price in Oslo. A price of 10,000 kroner per gram was common in the
. spring, but after the summer the price came a11 the way down to 2,000 kroner per
gram. "It is clear that someone is attempting to enter the Norwegian marke*r. and
for this reason is selling the drug at bargain prices. There is reason to believe
that once ~he market is established, t::he price ~aill rise again," the hea~ of the
narcotics police, inspector Arne Huusf::, said. At a press confe~rence held by the
chief of police, Inspector Huuse state:d that the experienc.e had. been positive with
the newly established patr~~l, whicll works in close cooperation with the pc,lice
- departA~ent. The latest :La~:ge~ hash:Lsh case resulted from the work of this groiip.
The district attorney has said tha1: our main target orill be not only the ~big
_ ringleaders, but also the ~lrug abue~ers who themselves are part of ~_he distribution
apparatus. This is precisely the t:ask of the patrol, Huuse said. In addition, in _
- Oslo 3.5 kilograms of heroin were confiscated by the police last yea.r, while 271
grams were confiscated in 1979. Overall, this is an increase of almost 10 percent -
in the number of drug cenf iscations. Last year 25 people died from drug abuse in
Oslo, while for the whole country the figure was 36. The latter figure is 9 higher _
than that for the previous year. [Text] [Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 16 Jan 81
- p 44J 9336 _
_ C~D: 5300
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SWEI;EN
NIIRCOTICS MIDICAL OFFICER DEFENDS NEW ENFORCEMENT LAW
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 7 Jan 81 p 3
~riicle by Stefan Karlmaxk, district prosecutor in Koping and a board member of
. the National Association for a Narcotics Free Society: "More Drug Crimes"
~ex~ Paxliament's decision to grant eaxlier and m~re frequent
leaves of absence has increased criminality. ~To offend~rs should
be granted unaccompanied leave.
- Through a recently completed amendment to the law~ those admitted to criminal care
institutions will be asked to submit urine specimens~ whether or not they are sus-
pected of being under the influence of narcotics. Such tests make it possible to
establish objectively whether a, person is influenced by drugs or not. The purpose
of the p~oposal is for this information to form the basis for placement of the in-
' mates in various facilities according to the extent of their drug habits. Accord-
~ ing to the proposal no sanctions will be taken ag~ainst those who use naxcotics
; during their prison stay.
Since the proposal has created a great deal of sensation, one might easily assume
~
that the government submitted a very radical proposal. That is not the case. _
Even tod.ay certair. inmates can be ordered to give urine speciraens even if no sus-
, picion of ctrug influence exist~. This applies both to those who have been placed
in a facility where primarily those who have had no or very little contact with
~ naxcotics are placed~ and to those who by agreement have been placed in the drug-
; free wa.rd;s at the Osteraker~ Hall, Hinseber~g and Malmo facilities. Furthermore~
an inm~tite can ;~,lways be oxdered to give a urine specimen if he is. suspected of ~
b~~ing under the influence of naxcotics.
What is new in the proposal is thus limited to the fact that users ir.~ wards other
thari the ones mentioned above are subject to the same rules as other inmates,
tha,t~ is to say addicts are no lor~;er "favored." with resp~ect to non-users but are ~
placed on an equal basis with them.
~
�
Want to Continue Undisturbed
�
Aga.inst this background it is no wonder that drug dealers who want to reta,in thei~^
source of income and add.icts wno want to continue their cLrug abuse undisturbed hasre
reacted. strongly aga_i.nst this proposal. Since the presently valid regula~ions do
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not affect the latter category of addicts in the same way as tr.e proposal, it is
not difficult to understand why there was no reaction when the present regulations
were introduced.
_ By using drugs during the period of confinement the addicts make their own re-
adjustment impossible. Since they cannot be rehabilitated and since they pila up
drug debts due to their continued a~idiction during the confinement period, they axe
forced to resume their crimes ~mmedi~.tely after release in ord.er to be able to pay
their debts and continue their habits: As a result, they are sentenced to new and
often longer terms of imprisonment. Drug abuse during the confinement period
therefore must not be tolerated.
- The add~ct is also able to continue his habit during leaves of absence, with the
sasne c~rawbacks as mentioned before. Under these conditions the leaves of absence
do not fulfill their function as a link in the adjustment of the inmates to soci-
_ et�y, but rather contribute to the constant extension of imprisorunent due to con-
tir_ued criminality. Drug use during leaves of absence must therefore also not be
tolerated.
Regulaxly submitted urine specimens, above al1 after but also before the short
72-hour leaves of absence, make it possible to check whether any drug abuse occurs
during the period ~;he sentence is being served. However, in ord.er to put a stop to I
the a,d.diction during that period it is a].so necessary that discovered drug abuse
should have perceptible consequences for the individual. If urine tests are com- I
bined with such measures, ather less effective but more unpleasant methods to com-
bat narcotics abuse in the institutions could probably also be strongly limited.
Time Served
- Several methods axe suitable, but two methods, above a11, benefit both the addict ~
and society. One metho3 would be to count a certaa.n amount of prison time as time
served only on the condition that the inmate has not been caught using drugs during
that period. In this way th~ addict could be persuaded to give up d.rugs and the
~ curative measures of the prison system would also become more effective, not least
because it would be possible to employ these measures for a comparatively long and
~ continuous period. In this manner the addict wolald be able to leave the facility
with considerably better health, knowledge, economy and so on, which would facili-
tate his continued adjustment to society and reduce the risks of a relapse into his
= dr_ug habit.
The other~ per~haps less interfering, methc~d woul~i be tc~ demand abstention for a
certain time as a precondition for granti.ng the :i.rutiate leave of absence. This has
~the disadvanta.~;e that it does not countex�act dru~; abuse in those who are sentenced
to short prisor.~ terms or who have a short time left to serve, since they have no _
leave to look f'orward to .
Other axguments as well strongly favor a change in the regulations for leave of ab- _
sence. It is known that the proportion of addic~ts is very laxge amoz~g those wii;h a
long criminal record. The explanati.on is that addiction to primaril;; hard drugs
requires a great deal of money, which rnus-t be acquired above al? through crimes
against property. Continuing drug a.d.diction must therefore be an extraor~inarily
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strong reason not to grant leave of absence. One may even question whether in-
mates who have recently used drugs should be permitted any unaccompanied leave
at all .
' More Crimes
- Despite this knowledge tne government decided to expand, as of 19'79, the oppor-
tunities of most addicts to obtain leave ~ so that nowa.days they may be permitted
- leave after only half as long a stay in the facility and also twice as often as
before the year mentioned. The result a3so was not long in showing up. During the
first 10 months of this year the number of reported crimes in comparison with the
same period the previous year increased by no less than about 14~ percent.
Partly as a result of the change in the leave regulations, the number of narcotics
crimes during the same period also grew by no less than 172 percent.
As a consequence of this, the numbPr of apprehensions and arrests ~have also in-
creased greatly. Urine tests must therefore immed.iately be supplemented by meas- -
ures to strongly curtail the desire of the convicted to continue their drug add.ic-
tion during the time they axe serving their sentence. Otherc~rise, the society based
~n law is likely to collapse very soon.
1194~9 -
cso: 530o Err~
si _
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