JPRS ID: 9507 JAPAN REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070042-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 42
• Content Type: REPORTS

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_ ~
JPRS L/9507 -
- 27 January 1981 -
~ Ja an Re cart =
p p .
CFOUO 6~/~1)
~
_ FBIS ~OREiGN BROADCAST INFORMATION S~ERVICE _
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I
NOTE
JPRS publications c~ntain information primaril.y from foreign
- newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
~ transmissions and broadca.,ts. ~Saterials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the ori.ginal phrasin�; and
- ~ther characteristics retained.
- Headlines, edi.torial reports, anc~ material enclosed in brackets -
are supplied by JF~tS. L~TOC~'ssing i.ndicators such as [Text]
- or [Excerptj in tl~e Fir~t line of ea.ch item, or following the
last line of. briet, indicate ho*.a the original inforaiation was
' processed. �:~; out to Vcest-Alpine, a major
~:~t!1.1er.?c;r~`s ir~ 'siti:,:�r:~- Austrian steelmaker, in an
Ilil~a~ ~E'i14^~s fvr s`~i ~:~lant East Germany's inEerna-
i'il'3t1.^.~C111,J :x[Ity ~.,~;;~;~:n;r.- tional tender for COIIStrIIC-
c;~,n. tion of a large-scale steel-
Th~ mcst i~~:~::,~`;~::t making plant at its VEB
E~,~ ;~tSC', , Eisenl:uttenkombinat Ost.
= s~~a; t~< ti,~.: t:;~~ Voest is said to have of-
_.,:c~~,n.,r ~~ovv~; caz:~f-r?t ernment, on its part, is not
_ car~celled th~ urdnz� t~ t;;~ in a position to ignore NSC's
i~i5t;-~'~�~n~v grou~ b~ca~;:;c request since NSC showed a
in:~ Japanes� Gov~.a�r~ntir: positive att.itude toward the
_ aE;~�ce~l on u.S. ~c~~~;c~~r~ic Governmenl's economic
;sai~ctio~;s a;ainst the ~;~~viet sanction,s against the USSR.
COPI'RIGrl'?': ? 98t~ T}~.r~ N~hrn Keizai Shinbun, Inc.
= CSO: 4)_20
~ 2~.
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, ~
5CIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
EDITORIAL: NUCLEAR ENERGY nEVELOPMENT
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC 30URNAL in English 23 Dec 80 p 10
[Text ] In the white papec on nuclear energy pu6~is~ed
recently, the Atomic Energy Commission emphasized -
above all the urgent need tio develop atomic power as an
- important alternative energy source~ in view of the
_ stringency at the world's oil situation and Japan's
scarcity of energy resources. The International Energy
Agency, for its part, is seeking a moratorium on raew =
- power generating facili:ies that burn oil directly, while
conservation of oil and a switch to oil substitutes are the
central issue for the seven industrialized countries' sum-
mit ea~ch year.
Under the circumstances, ihe Government has set the
target for nuclear power generating capacity 10 years
from now at 51 million to 53 million kilowatts or 292
billion kilowatt houis in annual.volume o~f generation,
meaning an annual oil conservation of 75.9 million kilo-
liters. ~
In Japan, whose annual power generating capacity
amounts to l00 million kilowatis, power consumption .
_ both for home and industrial purposes keeps rising -
steadily despite deceleration in economic growth. In the _
past three years, it has grown by 4~ per cent annually.
To keep pace with swelling demand, capacity to generate _
- more than 5 million kilowatts will have to be added each
year. tf additional oil-burning power generation is out of -
the question, the only choice is development of nuclear
_ energy 2nd coal. This is the point on which people must
be educated to be sagacious consumers and a rationat
nation. �
Critics of the government's nuclear energy policy often w.
_ s~y that the target for the gen~rating capacity 10 years
ahead that represents a 4.9-time ~ increase is too am- -
bitious. Criticisms are also directed at an "unrealistic
largeY' to achieve 51 million-53 million kilowatts from
_ the present level oi 28 mil!~~n kilowatts at 35 plants, even
including Uwse under construction.
But these critical comments are based either on mis-
understanding or on misleading presentation of facts.
The prospective rate of increase, for example, will have
to be precipitous simply because the current level, which
25
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_ cc,nstitutes the base figure, is low to begin with. ALso the
eurrent ~capa.city of Z'1,881,000 kilowatts at 35 plants in
ap~ration, under construction or . preparation for con-
struction, does not present an accurate picture as far as
- the future prospect is concerned. The counting is so strict
� t~iat it includes only those which have been formally
authorized by the Government, while there are some
20 other plants, the Iocations of which are being
ne~otiated betw�een pow�er companies and local com-
munities. If these plants come into being as planned, the
[arget of 51 miltion-53 million may weil be too modest.
lnternational consultations on the International
- i~luclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation that lasted for two years
- and four months concluded in February that nuclear non-
proliferation and peaceful use are compatible. The inter-
national Lonsensus opened the way for Japan to
establish its ow~n nuclear fuel cycle, suct~ as uranium
~nrichment and reprocessing of plutonium. There also
_ emerged a problem of opposition trom Iocal residents of
4.he South Pacific islands to the Japanese plan for e.r-peri-
anental ocean dumping of low-level radioactive waste.
Japan's nuclear pow�er development is at a critical
~oint. A national ~roject in ~chich 26 years' time, ~�8,000
billion yen and 40,000 men have been invested is at a
junction as to ~~�hether or not it can gro`~� into a viable
energy~ alternative. With a view to overcoming various
obsta~les, it is mandatory for the Government to be more
canclid about the problems of nuclear energy deveIop-
nient anrl morc forceful in presenting its case in an at-
tempt to persuade the n,itinn to a logical conclusion.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Nihon Keizai Shinbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120
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SCIENCE AND T~CHNOLOGY
NUCLEA.R REACTORS OPERATED WELL DURING YEAR
- Tokyo JAPAN TIMES in English 7 Jan 81 p 5
~ Text ~
The rate of operation of operationai nudear power
.lapan's 21 working nuclear reactors.
pou�er reactors exceeded s0 The government's electrieity
percent on an annual average S~~y ~~an set as a goal. tl~e
~ last year for the first time in six average rate ot operation tor
years, the hatural Resources nuclear power plants at 56.4
_ and F:nergy Agency reported percgnt Ior [iscal 1980 ending
- 'IUesday. thls !4iarch.
_ The corresponding figure tor The agency oEtictels s8id that
19i9 was a mca~er 49.3 pement, t1y;s target could be� attained
or 1 t.9 percentage points bwer writhoui dif[iculty by March this
than the 1980 fi~ure, due year "unless a major aCCident
primarily to the fmpact ot ihe
Three biile lsiand power stalion ~ro more nuclear power
mishap in thc Unlted States. ~a~oc~ are scitedtiled to be put
:~gency ofticlals attrtbuted tnlo commercial operatba tl?is
the unexpectedly good per- year. And the otticials said they
[ormance~ to more etiicieM were confident of the (easibUity
i n s p e c t i o n s,. i m p r o v e d ot maintaining an operation
operation management rate ot 60 percent or mure for
supervislon procedures and severalyearstocome�
other measures taken as a Given [he legally-stipulated
result o[ the U.S. nuclear p}asu. reg~ilar inspectlon perfod of
accident in the springof 1979. Lhree months a year at each
- f3y reactor� type the �averagC teactor, a rate ot operatbn
_ rate ot operation was 63.4 ~lose to 7p, percent practically
' p^rcent tor 11 boiling-water means tuli operation, they
reactors (I3WRs). 58.3 perceni added. ' �
- tor nine pressurized water. Thanks to che gooa Per-
reactors tPWRsI and 69.7. formance ot nuclear reactOrs.
- pcrcent tor one gas cooled the natian's nuclear power
reactor ~GIe Technical Service ~J:\RTS~. a
topic that o(ticials ot the de(icit- semi-privaCe organization.
r i d d e n J a p a n \ a t f o n a I bloSt of the [unds needed for
Rail~ca~~s ~J\ft~ can be happy ovcrscas cooperation are borne
talkin~ ahout. b~� the twoix~dtes. -
They nre conCident ot their .1NR sent 81 technicians
railway engineerfng atxroad in 19T1. 93 in 197A, and
, capabilities and � proud that 145 in 1979. Almost as many
.3NR, a state-owned cOr- wei~e dispaiched last ~�ear, to
poration. is extending technlcal nearly 1(Nt countries. The -
assistance to many count.ries o[ corporatfon received ~'LO
the world as part of Japan'5 trainees [rom abroad in 1977.
forelgn aid program. 57fi in 1978. 67J in 1978. and 76ft in
- JNR's railway kito~+~hou~ is 1979. The number last year was
highly i~e~arded o~~erseas, and atwut &)0. -
requests trom other countries .INR's overseas cooperation _
for technlcal cooperation to he~an in 19;i1. when Japan
improve their railu�ay sVStems became a member ot the
havebeen increasingeversince Colombo Plan, an interpatlonal
i h e J N R' s p r o u d e s t or~anization (ormed by~ the
achievemrnt. ihe Shink~ascyt Brltish Common~ti~ealth tor
bullet train, began ser~~icc In promoting economlc develop-
l~x~, a JtiR official explained. men[ in theThird World.
Such rectuests ha~~e been J~vR's assistance is not
increasin~ of late. he said, limited to the developing
b~cause many nattons ap- countries o[ Afriea. Asia and
parenUy have come to realize South America, twt extends to
the importance of fue!- industria}Izedstatc~sSucha~fhe -
_ e(ticient railroads u~ith the Unlted States, and to socialfst -
current rene~~-ed interest in states including China.
- mass fransit since the t~ti~o Japan plans to provide Y419.6 -
~rtielin~ rounds oC the oil crisis btllion worth ot of(icial
in the 19,ns. development assistance tODA1 _
.IVR u~nd5 {ts expcrts abroad during ftscai 19fi1, about 9.7
an~1 r~cci~~es iomi~!n trainees percent more than in the
tllrou~h LheJapan lntrrnational current [iscal year enclMg r.ext
C~pcratinn :~~ency ~JI(':1~, a ibiarch 31. Assistance [Or rail-
~o~�ernmc~nt fnrei~n F~id or~;an, ~~�ay engineering and consult-
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- in~; arcounts [or only a smalt !n thc early 197ns, ho~~~e~�rr, 1lezico plans to open orders '
~rtinn of the ODA total. the (ederal government deckied for signal [aclliUes, lelecom-
Non~~thel~ss, JNR otticials to improve thc tSr2-km line munirations equipment, and
point oul. rail~vay technoloKical b~ t H� e e n B o s t o n a n d
coach-manufacturfng (or the _
c~~ration plays an [mportant ~t'ashin~ton at a cosi o( Y1.9
role in improvirlg Japan's biilion in order to meet the ~o intern~t{otlal bid-
image as a maJor ecunomic steadil ding soon. Japanes~ industrtes
y~ro~vin~ demand (or ~ye hig~ hopes o[ winning a _
po~scr. intcr-city transportation.
J\R ccxiperalion includes :~mtrack. the closest U.S. bigshar~ottt~eorderS.
Roea Aallroad
assistancc in ~~double-trac�kin~" c~ufvalent to the J~R, plar?s to ~e ~-)~ear-old [iEgotiations
of existin(; railti�ay lines for lhe operate trains at a maximum between a JapaneSe business -
- e~pansion o( transportation speed ot 1L0 k.p.h. in the consortium head,ed by
capacit~�, conductin~ teasihilit}� ~�corridor." when the project is Marubeni Co ~
rp., ~nd the
,tudii~~ on projecEed lines, completed fn late 19tt2 at an Argehtine NatiWSal R~1Way Co.
moclernizing urhan transport e,limatedcostofyl.ibillion. ~ -
- ,}�titcros as 1rt o[ cit~~ lan- ~ ~~~~g ~ a'~~~~
p. P . apan had been cooperaling condusion, accord'+n~ to In-
nin~, planning fntP~;r:ited In the reconstruct?on projecl on ~l.~,y~~.
irampurtation s~�~tem~ that the so-called "JARTS" basis are on Ja~fan's
i n c 1 u d e r a i 1 i� o a d s. a n d since 19~6, but at the request ot ~~~tion in electri[ying the
e~~�~tuatin~theeconomicimpact the U.S., the assistance ~ti~as
o[ ~uch ro ccts. Roca 11tte siretching suuthward
p j upgraded to the inter- for1.30km[romBuenosAFresat
J~R ~~Ificials also note that ~o~~ernmental level in 19;'~l. In ~~timatedcostofY130billion.
i n q u i r i e s f r o m a b r o a d addition to tK~o J:~'R sta[t ~ pngfn~ering work ~tor tt~e _
- rcquesting othcr J~R- members stationed in 1?ne star[ed in F'ebruary 1973.
developed knowhow such as its ~Vashingion. JtiR plans to nut was suspended du8 to the
modern railroad maintenance dispatch experts in signals, tirst energ,y crisls. !n 1979, the
proeedures, railway network eiectrificat{on, traln 1~e~aRla1
~ management system. and arxi malntenance to the U:S. ~~anese' censotttiim reAChed
human rt~seurces development . an agCeement Wlth Ai'gentlna.
this year. [or the tirst phase of tfie praJect.,
programs. ha~~e been on the IrapuatoIdne ~ renovation of the 45-ttm line
rise. The hlexican ivational �~tween P1aza Constitutfon
Some o[ the major projects Rail~~�ay Corporation, wh3ch Station and Gle~ti~ S[atlon.
that ha~~e recei~~ed - or are operates some 20.000 km o[ Bu[ the agreemeni was
receiving - J1~R assutance are railroads has been pre~,sc~ci nearly scrapped in October of
, the "Northeast Corridor Im- beyond its capacity in the (ace that ycar. w~hen President
- provement Projrct" i:~EC1P? o( the burgeoning demand for ~orge R. Videla visited Tokyo
in the eastern U.S., the elec- carKo lran~riation: and called (or some 5:~0 million
_ triticatlon ot biexico Cily's '1'he government con- ininvestmentfromJapanlnthe
trunk line, the construction of sequently decided to elc~ctrify eapansion of the Somisa steel
the Roca railroad in the suburAs al~out 2,oU0 ~Cm o( ma}or lines at mill's output capacily in ex-
_ ot BuPnos Aires. the moder- a cost of some SI bfllion, and ~hange [or Japan's par- -
ni~ation o[ lines in northea~tern asked major industrial coun- ticipatlon in ihe Ei,bca~mJect.
China and the construction o1 a tries to conducl [easibility ~ ~apanese Consortlum has
raflroad bridge at ~'l~l1d~ in studies tor the 35(3-km section rerently a~reed to invest in the
`l,aire. conrxrUng Afexico City w~lh Argentine steel [r~t~stry to pave
U.S. Lagging lrapuato via Querelaro. the way tor an early resutnption
The Uniteri States, J~R o[- In 1979. France H�on the ~f the railway projeM, sources _
ficials noled, is lag~in~; behind consultancy conlract in in- said.
J~pan. France. West (;crmany ternational bidding for !he 2~i0 ~~eAid
and f3ritain in rail~~�at~ km :~lexico City-Queretaro Slnce 1979, Japan has been.
trchnology. Its outdated stretch. Japan [ailed in the ~ndtng JNR experts and ac-
rail knoH�how is in sharp con- biddinR, but was later asked by cepting Chinese lrainees to help
trast to its hi~;hly~-d~~~~eloprci 1~texirn to evaluate the French ~~~ork out programs [or
ac~rospace technolo~V, achir~~ed siudy. A total ot 15 JNR. JICA moderni2fn~ major ratlroads
thrnu[;h th~ costly~ :\pollo and .1:1KTS o[ticers were conrteCting Beljing atxl regional
p~~o~;ram, the~~~snid. '1'hc~~~ cx� dispatchcd (or the evaluation cities. Th~ J(CA-sponsored
pl:~ined that railroads provide bet~ceen ~tay and December, cooperation is due lo end in -
nnl}� a small percenta~c� nt L'.5. 198U. 141arch, 1981, but China hopes
m~s; tr:insportation ncK~ds.
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I
J:ipan k~ill contlnue its Pe~~j~~~g~
a~;islancc bcyond that date. In 197d, Japan signed an
- Raihvay recontitruction is one _ a~reement extending a 1f3~.5 ~ '
of thc main ��pillars" ot (fiina's billion sott loan to Zaire to help
four-point modernization construct a railtnad between
scheme ~vhlch pra~matist the Banana seapori and 1~iatadl
leader peng aiaoping has been !or the traa5port of copper ore.
vigorously pushing torward. ~ 1'he project tvas soon scaled
in 19~, the late Prime dmvn, ho~~ever, to cover only
Minister ti1asayoshi Ohira th~ constructlon o[ the 800- ~
visited Beljing and piedged to meter-long Afatadi railway
- extend Y:~? biUion in soft loans to bridge - due to a sharp drop in
help c'hina carry ouf si!c major w~orld' copper prices,~ s~rious
development projects - in dom~stic inflation and the in-
addition [o the ~';~6 miNton es- stat~llii~~ of thP ~airean
teiided ta Ct~in.~ last year. goveni?nent.
:\monK th~~ six projects are The constructton o( the bridge
planti to reconstnict three llnes starled tn FebruaCy 1979. :
_ - thc~ f3cijin~-clinhuandao, the Sixic~en Japanes~ engineers.
~'anrhou�Shijiusuo, and the including 9.{~iR ofticers, were
Hcn~;~~an~;-K~t~an~zhou - for s~nt to 'Laire~to help carry out
which about 138 billion trom the~ the projec[ due to Ue completc~d
1979 and 19ti~ Japanese laans bv the end of 19&i.
hask~enalloted. Japanese~, raitway
- J\R expects China to seek its conpc~ration with, 'l.aire has
cmisulting and engineering encouraged busi~ss .trans�.
ser~~ic~~s once tuJl-scale con- actions and perse~nel ex-
struclion begins. 8ut the changes in broad~r BreaS
project is making only slow Ix~t~?cen tt~e tw0 natioQs, JNR'
progress, J:~R o([tcials said, officersadded.
t~ecause thc: k3eijing govern- Similar railway based
meiit has been conducring a cooperalion is also Deing
thoroup,h review o( it~s econo- promotetl in E3razil, I3olivta,
_ micdevelopmentprograms. Thailand, Indonesia, the
' Philippines, New Zealand aqd
sevcral other countries.
COPYRIGHT : T~ JAPA.IV TI?~'~S 1981
CSO: 4120
34
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SCIENCE AND TECfINOLOGY
- LIBYA STEEL MILI, CONSTRUCTION ORDERS WON
= Tokyo JAPAN TIMES in English 19 Dec 80 p 6
~Text)
l.it~~�a has au~arded Japanc~e
firms c~tih-on-deliverv con-
tracts for consh~uctfon of steet
milis in h1isurata, ~ast M
Tripoli, cappin~ ycars o[ The Libyan ~o~~ernment-
maratT~n ne~otiations, ux~rcc~s o~~.n~ ~~ration for Iron and
~id Thursci8y. rt~~~ p~j~ts has also scleclcri
A Japane~e-1lexican con- ~p~ ~rnu(~ ot Kobe Steel I.td. and
snrtium. led by~ Ka~~�asaki ,titiLsui 8 Co. as~the suCCessful
fiea4y Indtislries l,ld.. has M~- tor rnnstTVCCion oi stecl
_ land~d a 1SNl billlon i about l,'.S.S p~r. ~~~ire rod and shaPc milts
a�~l mi!lion~ contract to buiid and ~~~ater treatment anci ~th~r
t~t~o :~:,n.rxx~ton-a�year direct� retated facilities for the stcrl
reduction imn milis, after un- cc~mplex.
drrhi~ldin~ thc hnrf (7r~x~p ot ~('h~scontract isvaluc~l at 1'lfi(1
1~'cst ~crmany ancf othcr billion~S7f,~millfonl.
_ com~anies. Arnon~ the unsuccesstul
Th~ contract is exEx~cteci to he bidtlers were West German~~'s
si~ed in Tripoti shorlly. Schloemann-Siemag.A.G.
Thr milis. ~based on ~ebarand~~�ircmcimillH~ill
techn~logy develnped by have annual capaeit~~ ot ~(N1,Onn
1Neqico's I(~~Isa. a�il~ be 'tons artti anothc~r mill ~ti~ill he
pm~�ered by locali~~ abunciant capahle of producin~ 12n.~
natural ~;as. Thcy .~+re deti~neci ~ns ot shape~.~nd b~am~ an-
to ~crve as the core of thc~ nuatly.
Misurata intcgratcd steel Thc b7isurata projects arc
complcx. inciudcYf in I.iDya's ti~~e-~~ear
develc~ment plan. ~~~hich ix~~an
in 19?fi.
Ttie mammoth stccl complcx,
tivith an annual capacit~~ oi t.26
million lons, is estimated to co~t
th~ cx~uivalent of Y700 billi~n
tS:3..^, billion~.
COPYRIGHT: THE JAPAN TIMES 1980
CSO: 4120
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SCIENCE AND TECHI~OLOGY JApAN
YOLYCRYSTAL SILICON PRODUCTION WILL RISE
Tolcyo JAtAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English 30 Dec 80 p 8
~ [ Text ] ~'oduction of polycrystal largest customer. -
silicon, a starting material for Polycrystal silioon is made
~s~micnnducior substrates, a~ill by ptffiCyi~g metallic s~ic~s-
_ exceed 460 tons this year, rep- which is smelted from silica.
resenting a 40 per cemt increase Polycrystal silicati is pcoc~sse~i
from last year. into single-crystal silicon.
- This prediction was an- Single-crystal silicaa is then cut
noirnced last u~eek by the Japan irrto a siice about 0.5 mm thick
SociEty of Newer Metals, a and the, slice. is polished. tn
trade associat~on comporising 35 become `a~ silioon wafer �nta
companies. which circuit geometries are
According to the organiza- orinted.
tion, polycrystal silic;on output Most of the polycrystal
in the first lo months (January- siiicoa produced in Japan are
October) of this year totalec3 � for transistors, integrated
380 tons, up 44 per c~nt from circuits ~ at~ solar batteries.
the same period of last year. Demand fot polycrystai silicon
The higfi growth is expected thus grows in paralld with that.
to continue for same time as for semiconc~uctt~s.
c~omestic demand for se~ni- Prodactiqu of semi-
conductors remains very conductms ' ha5.'been risiug
strong. However, polycrystal greatty~ia'Japan:`These s!trong
_ silicon exports have been semi~coreducCor demands, keep
mard:ing time due mainly ~!athe pa!~,~crystal ~ silican .~rs
_ recession in the U.S.,~ the busy, the assocjatjon said
C0~''YRIGHT: 1980 ihe Nihon Keizai Shinbun, Inc. -
CSO: 4120
r
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- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAPAN
~
HITACHI APPROACHES NZSSAN MOTOR TO PRODUCE ROCKET FOR SPACE USE
Tokyo JAP.AN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English 23 Dec 80 p S
['Text] Hitachi, Ltd., a leading sales of defense supplies and companies intend to ask ~ji
ele~:tric-electronic appliance ~pment� , � . ~ ~ ~.a~ y~~-~~ ~
- and machinery maker, is Hitachi lags far behind other ~at tield.
~ preparing to branch out into the major dectricai machinery g~~~i ~w supplies N~ssan
defense equipment field by makers in delivering equp- w~ith ~ automotive electrieal
tieing up with Nissan Motor Co. ment to the Defense Ager?cy. ~y~~~t. � _
_ A Ilitachi spokesman said The company was not listed in
that his company had recently the ranking of the 20 . biggest
approached the nation's No. 2 order winners from the age~y
i automaker in a move to work ~n fiscal 1979. Hitacttf's artiea~
togetber in research and receipts in the year rested at
� de~elopment of rockets for ~6,000 million, while its Ehree
_ defense and space exploration, rivals, Mitsubishi Electric
- The spokesman also said that and
Fuji Heavy Industries, Ud. N~~n Electric Co., ranked
may join the Hitachi-Nissan ~ond, fi[Eh and sixth with
team in developing new million, ~�18,600
_ missilc~. Fuji HI, a..~sociated miliion and some ~ 16,60D
with Kissan Motor, owns ac- million,respectively.
cum~dated know-how on flying Nissan Motor, the sole maker
_ objects in its aircraft division. o( solid fuel-powered rockets in
I`he current bargaining ~s Japan, chalks up an annual
aimed at combining Hitachi's ~ 12.000 million ia its aerospace
electronic control technology divisior,'s sales of rockei
wi[h Nissan's rocket-related ammunitions, missile
expertise. Reports have it that ~opulsion parts and oth~
both ccmpanies are ready to components for defense use a~d
_ exchang~ each other's experts spaca development.
and engineers in the two sec- Hitachi and Nissan will thus
tors as a preparatory step to- S~ve to build up their ac-
- ward their final target of fully cumulation of eIementary
advancing intio the defense and ~~~~q~ related to theu joint
spa~e equi~xnent field about ~.o}ect in p~eparatioa far
_ Fi~ ~ years hence. possible inquiries of the
- In reforming its organiza- r,z{ense Agen~y Eor rockets as
tional setup last August, We~j ~ mySSiles.
Hitachi created the Defeise qS~ for aeromec~~anics needed
. Te~hnology Development Divi- to develop missiles. the two
sion in an effort to belster its
- COPYRFGHT: 1980 Nihon Keizai Shinbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120
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,
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOI,OGY
SEMICONDUCTOR MAKERS' CAPITAL OUTLAY WILL GO UP 50 PERCENT
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMZC JOURNAL in English 23 Dec 80 p 9
Japan's 11 semiconductor These companies' semi- ~
- [Text ] manutacturers are expecling 40�~ more output ~conductor export ~situation :h~s =
_ the upsweep in production and ~~e ~~~t of such a boom, s~avhaL . changed since thP
s~iles to continue during the ~ch co~ild be traced back to ~start of the cur*eniSecatid-balf_ _
second half of the 1980 business ~~t year or the year before, the ~f this year, the sources also -
year as it did during the first ~~~hvely fig~.~ed the 'reported. 1'his was chiefly be- "
half, informed lceal indastrial industry's annual semico~ cause of the protraMed Ame- _
sources reported recently. tor production in t}ie 1980 busi- -rican'reeession, they said.
- Ti~us, they are planning cor- ~ Y~r would run up to som~ ` A resultant decline in the .
respondingIy great increases in ~?ing a~nd ~920 billiaq 40 per hitherto snowballipg ex~orts of
currem annual capital expendi- ~nt up from ?ast y~r, though memory elements, chiefl~ 16K
- tures (i?:vestments to expand so far they have l~d to piece 'dynamic RAM chips, to the
production ~ines ) even over last ~ether either sales or produc- U.S., their most important for- -
year's all-time record. tion values provisionally esti- ~Ba market, has resulted in
Accroding to the sources, this ~ated by the Il makers for sueh a rapid weakening in i~erna-
year's first-half semiconducton. a P~~~~~ ,tional market prices of such
production and saies of the li As for. tlm entire tnakers' ~1~ents. In the case of the 16-
companies were simply excel- Planned current annusI c~pital ~lobit R~1M cfiips, the main-
lent. Their combined output expenditures, the sotu~ces gave stay export item aeeounling for
swept up as much as 42 per a total of ~E 170 billion, no less about 80 per cent of all foreign
cent over the corresponding thar~ 50 per ceM up from Iast ~ memory elements, tlze
- period last year. Such an up- Year, wherein the correspond- international per-unit psices, ~
sweep in semiconductor ~tat had hit a record peak Sta3?diqg:at ttlr.~f.leveLat the ~
= production retlected a huge in- of ~ 110 billiun. All the com- af this year, were
crease in exports to the U.S. of panies have invariabiy revised found to have dipped to the $4
_ computer memory chips, ~~r original plans upward level by the middle of this year,
chie[ly of the 16-kilobit RAM siace the middle of this year ~d some makes ar'e"said to
_ (random access memory> type, apparentty in view of continu- ~ve even fallen off to the $2
_ and continuing brisk expansion snowballing sales. leve7"re~ently. '
in domestic demand for other Tbe so~ces also recalled Most such semieoeiduct~ars
sem~conductors including that until a few years ago, the ~e ezper~ive at .the start of
_ transistors, which are a spe- semiconducfor divisioos of We markQting because the produc-
cialized discrete t tion yield, the output of
ype. Such 11 oampanies had been invazi- ~.octuc#s passing quality in-
domestic demand growth, in ably frowned an by their own s tions, is as low as severai
_ turn, result~d from a cantinu- people as moaey-guzzling lia- ~r
~ent. But that yield quickly
ing increase in domestic bililies. But the ~ricture ~had Yearly to send down
demand for microprocessors changed dr~atically by last -~.~ces.by an average of abouf
, ~ mirocomputers) and a long- September when ever}~ such ~~r c~nt a year. The interna-
(asting increase in both dvII~es- ciivision came out as the toF- tionat market prices also go
tic ancl irtternational demands earner in each company when ~n
= for home Video tape recarders eight of the 11 companies pro- ~ ~Y'
t VTA? whose world production visionally closed their accounts ~t the 16-l~obit RAM type
is now 90 per cti:~t concentrated for the six-mor.t6 period enciing ~d be~ an exception to such a
in Janan. that month, the sou~es said ~ P~ce fall patterr. for two years
'~4~til;ea~ly this yeac because of
a gi'ea?f.~WP1Y,s~wrtage. '
38
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? V~? V1'1 LVL[1L U~1L~ VL\LL
SCIENCE AND TECHt~10LOGY
SENiICONDUCTOR PRODUCTION IS CLIMBING AT FAST RATE
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English 30 Dec: 80 p 8
[Text] PI'oduction of semi- million, up 18.4 per cent, for
conductors in the third quarler discrete semiconductors. `
_ (July-September) of 1980 rose Exports af semiconductors in -
40.3 per cent from the year- the July-September quarter -
_ earlier level to'~228,080 million, rase 48.3 per cent to ~6's,197
the Ministry of International rniliioa, according to the
Tr�ade & Industry r~orted ~nance Mirnstry's customs
receritly in its production trend dearance statistics. The export
- statistics. value represented a 2.9 per cent
t'he high increase rate decline from the predecing
rnirrored the growing demand 9uarter, indicating a sloWdown
for serniconductors, mainly in semiconductor exports.
from V1'R producers and auto- Imports of semiconductors in
makers. the third quarter of 1980 rose
26.1 per cent from the same
Tt~ird quarter production quarter af 1979 to ~ 37,003 ~
broke down into ~ 151,769 million. They showed a.6.3 per ~
million, up 54.7 per cent, for cent gain from the preceding -
integrated c~rcuiis and ~�76,3i1 quarter.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 The Nihon Keizai Shinbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120
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The particular type oE semi- Toshiba Corp. and Mitsu� by their awareness ot the need
conductor thus has certainly for setting ready for tomor-
lost its ~utstandingly high bishi Electric Corp. are bttil�- ~~s mass productlon of 'the
ing up transistor production to ~ry large-scale inte~ation -
profit margin attraction. But m~e the most of domestic
the export slowdown has been ~mands. Fujitsu Ltd., after ~~j~ e1ements in fierce
more than of(set by the growth competition with one another.
sharply building its sales ~SI tactory conStruction have
in domestic demand for other chiefly with its memory chips, ~ready been started by many
kinds of semiconductors, has t~vned conservative in its
current annual sales proepects ot them, but such ventures are
Changing production mix enormously expensive. Such
for eleclronic compooents. competitive investments, could _
- As things stand, some But Matsushita Electronics ~ a gamble because the VLSI
makers are changing their Co Sharp Corp., Tokyo San- ~~logical prospects are still
production shares by item. ~
Nippon Electric Co., the largest yo Electric Co. and Sany Corp. volatile.
are expecting contin~ed brisk
maker, has already started of transistors for VTRs
cutting down by abotrt 10 per a~ microprocessars for con-
cent its 16-kilobit RAM pa~oduc- ;~er electronics to ke~p ~
tion, while inereasing its manu- at capacity operation as far as
Facture of large-scale integra- ~e y~r-end.
- tion fiSl) chips for making Fuji Electric Co. is sunilarly
- eleclronic calculators, eras- o timistic, with additio~al ~
able/programmable read-only ho for new products emerg-
memory (EPROM) chips, ~~am i~ ;zcent technologi-
microprocessors, and discrete ~1 tieup with tt!P Siemens =
semiconductors. ~,~p o f W~t ~~ny, and its _
Hitachi, Ltd. is similarly promising solar cell twsiness.
adapting its production, but it .~e informed sources, how-
is now coracentrating on inte- evea', said the eaormously
~rated circuit ~ IC ) chips, ex nding capital expenditure
- having stopped production of ~ of these companies,
discrete types. The company is ~~ike last year, now involve
paying more attention to the 64-
kilobit RAM type as the poten- ~�mP~~ Po>icy rnnsiderations
_ tial next generation of the hot- beyond conventitnal semi-
test selling semiconductor ~nductors. Much o~ theu'
item. mounting capital spending -
projecis has been motivated
~ Capital Spending [or Semicondoctor-Manufacturing
Facilities aad Semiconductoar. Productia~ Value '
. (fn bfllion5 Qf yln) � ~ ' '
' PIaN 8 equipment Produetion vafue "
investments ~ , , .
1980
~ lqgp ~ . . ~ (OutlOOk)
- lst half
1079 O~iqinal Revked 1979 -Mt980 -OPiqinal ' RCVised
NipOn Eleclric . 27 1+74) 30 72 (+19) lSlb (~F321 108 (+Nl ~t}/.S '122 f+~1)
.
Hirachi 15 1+50) 20 2J (+S3) 190 (+~0) 7i (+70) 16S 170(+3
Toshibd . 10 (+67) 10 13 (+JfD 100 (i~18) 68 (-EAO) 13D 140(}10)
Fu!itsv 16 f+78) 71 D 1t69) 56.5(~F98I 39.9f+d01 90 85(~1-50)
MatsushitaElectronics . 10 (+1001 ~1 2(1 f+1001 .50 (i~5) 36 ~+60) 6S 8~t+60)
_
Sharp 8.8 f+3401 8.5 (-7) 56.3 (+461 3.LI (+281 6T 77 ~F~O)
MitSUbishiElecirlc B (-f331 10 10 (+ZS) 41 (f111 29 (+38) 54 60(t~b)
TokYOSanyoEi�ciric 4.7(t187) 8 8.5 1+96) 31 (+241 20 (+70) AO 41(+32)
Oki ElecVic Industry 5.5 (+62) 11 13.41 f 1M) 19.~ (}641 ~ 143 f~F~b) 26 ~ t+~) _
Ful~Eleciric 1.8 f+201 3 (-F67) 15 (t10}. 11 (t571 N.A. ' ]3(t531
Sonv 5 (+IU B B (+60) N.A. N.A N.A. N.A.
Totai of 11 companies 111.4 (+66) 111.7 166.~ (+~9) 699.51+32) ~36.~f~1':)~~ - ~(t10)
Nole~ Percentage cnange trom tRe same periotl ol a year earli�r In parentl~eses. Prodvctlo~ value includes iRtause _
- cenv~mption. Total 01 rlechonic componenis tor Fu~itw, SNarp andOkt EkttCie I~dustry. ProduttfOn value lor
Fuji Eiectric include Inose ~mpatedfrom Siemertsof WesiGarrr~sny. Buslnes~yearerWSinOc?aberfo?So~Y~
November for Tokyo Sanyo Etxtric, in December for MalruaMte EhclronicsarW inNlarch (or fhe resf.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Nihon Keizai Shinbun, Inc. '
- CSO: 4120
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SCI~NCE AND TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENTAL ARRAY PROCESSOR DEVELOPED
Tokyo NIKKEI ELECTRONICS in Japanese 8 Dec 80 pp 74-80
[Article: "Array Processor for 'I~ao-Dimensional Processing Developed"j
[Text] The Musashino Electrical Co~unications Laboratory of the Nippon Telegraph
_ and Telephone Public Corporation has built an experimental array processor with pro-
_ cessing elements arranged in two dimensions (Aoki, Kondo, Nakajima, and Sudo, DENSHI -
TSUSftIN GAKKt~I GIJUTSU KENKYO HOKOKU, SSD80-53, October 1980).
= The ~ria1 processor is built around an array processor comprising 256 processing _
elements (PE), with one bit as the processing unit, in a 16 by 16 matriX. This
array processor uses LSI's of 4 PE's (2 x 2); the machine cycle is 270 ns. LSI's
which bring together 64 PE's (8 x 8) on one chip are now being attempted; the machine
cycle is to be 100 ns. Evaluated in terms of matrix operation, two-dimensional FFT
- (Fast Fourier Transformation) and character recognition at speeds 10 to 100 times
those of existing high-speed computers (CRAY 1 and ILLIAC IV) can be expected.
~ -
The concept of this sort of array processur, having an orderly arrangement of large
numbers of processing elements all with the same basic structure, is an old one.
The characteristics are, in addition to simplification of hardware because of the
orderly structure, the exFectation of increased processing capability because of
parallel operation of processing elements and the application to two-dimensional
processing such as image processing or matrix operation. A number of systems like _
ILLIAC IV have been developed so far, but none could really be called successful. ~
The reasons for this are that they lack general utility and that too much hardware
is involved. Their practicality in terms of cost and performance has been another
point.
~ But because this array processor, has a highly regular structure, it is well suited
to large-scale integration, and the recent progress in integration technology has
laid a foundation for making even fairly large-scale array processors at relatively =
low costs. In consequence, the waning enthusiasm for array processor development _
has been revitalized. With the development of STARAN, the famous American Goodyear
Aerospace Company is now under contr~ct to NASA to develop an MPP (massively parallel
processor) array processor comprising 16,384 elements (128 x 128) for use in analy-
sis of images from satellites.
~
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The structure of. the system built by the Musashino Laboratory is shown in Figure
l. Because the array processor is a type of specialized device, it operates as a
backend processor with a general-use computer as host. Operation of the array pro-
ceasor is in the SIrID (single instruction multiple datastream) mode; on receipt of
~ an instruction from the host computer, the single instruction is carried out by
each processing element. In the experimental system, the host computer is a PDP
11/34. LSI's bearing 4 PE's (Figure 2)[not reproduced] are used in the array processor.
Th~ LSI's characteristics are shown in Table l. The experimental array processor
has been built with 16 of these LSI's, and is thus equipped with 256 elements (16
- x 16) (Figure [not reproduced]. An LSI which packs 64 PE on one chip (Figure 4)
_ [not reproduced] has been tested; its characteristics are shown in Table 2.
The processing elements (PE) are composed of arithmetic and memory sections; the
processing unit for data is one bit. Each PE is connected with the eight PE`s adja-
cent in tiorizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions.
- a PE block diagram is shown in Figure S. It is divided into an arithmetic section
(including memory section) and two data transfer sections. Because these can operate
- independently, it is possible, for example, to transfer data during an arithmetic
- operation. Tlie ALU carries out arithmetic or logic operations in one-bit units.
'ihe register file is memory to hold arithmetic data and control data; in the case
of the experimental LSI (8 x 8 structl~rz) the memory capacity per PE is 96 words x
~ bit. Of these, eight words are used aG a control register. Each selector selects
one of the input lines in accordance with the control signal and outputs to it. By
the operation of the selector it is possible to change connections between PE's or
connections within a PE.
_ The various control signals are distributed from the host computer to these PE's by
zhe broadcast method. These signals can direct the operations of the ALU, provide
addresses to the register file (addresses for arithmetic data A and B and for con-
trol data S can be specified simultaneously), or control individual selectors. Since
the same control signals can be broadcast to all PE's, each PE can perform basically
the same operation.
If the PE selectors all performed the same operation because of the control signal
from the host computer, the interconnections within and between PE's would be the
same and would be unable to adapt to the structure of the data involved in the oper-
ation. Thus, the selection control in each selector can respond not only to control
_ signals from the host computer but also to control signals from the register file(s)
_ and sionals put together from the contents of register R1. As stated above, an
eight-word portion of the register file of each PE is reserved for control data;
these control data are established in advance by the host computer. Since different
- control data can be established for each PE, it is possible to change the intercon-
- nections of individual PE's without a uniform change.
By this means, it is possible to operate a single PE independently, or to operate
data serially through four PEs as with data j in Figure 6, or to conduct parallel
, operations on multiple data (i), (i-1) and (i-2) in that figure. And it is possible
to perform multiple operations simultaneously if the PE's involved do not overlap.
42
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Cunsider the example of the addition of data (i), (i-1) and (i-2) in Figure 6.
Eacti of the data is housed in the register file of a given PE. In each case, the
most significant bit (MSB) is the farthest to the left. Addition proceeds from
top to bottom, and the result is accumulated in the PE where data (i) was located.
Besides sending an addition (X+Y+C ) instruction to the ALU's of all PE's, the host
computer provides the appropriate control signals to the selectors to carry out the
addition of the three data (including address assignment to the register file in
order to read out the desired control register B). In this example, the selector
control p r e v e n t s c a r r y i n g t o processing elements 44, 54, and 64 (by -
choosing "0" in selector 6) and cuts off data input to processing elements 41, 42,
43 and 44 from the upper adjacent PE. Selectors are controlled in such a way that
processing elements S1, 52, 53, 61 and 62 and 63 do receive carrying input from right
adjacent PE (CIR is chosen in selector 6) and data from upper adjacent elements are
input to their ALU`s (passing through selector 1 and selector 5).
As seen in this example, hecause operations on multiple data are executed by asyn- -
chronous logic, the operation time varies with the number of operands. In the ex-
perimental LSI (8 x 8), the critical path delay of a single PE is 33 to 34 ns. Thus,
an operation which progresses through m PE's would require about (33 x m) ns. The -
- machine cycle of 100 ns in Table 2 is calculated from the average length of opera-
- t lOI1S .
_ The problem with this sort of array processor is that it consumes time in exchanging
information with the host computer. As seen in Figure 1, generally only the upper-
usost rank of PEs (or a portion thereof) can exchange data directly with the host com-
puter, so an exchange with other PE's requires that the data be shifted between the ~
desired PE's and the uppermost rank. In order to reduce the slowing o� throughput -
from this sort of transfer, each PE is given memory of considerable capacity (regis- ,
ter file), and a bypass for transfer use is established (in the planned LSI, by-
- passes are placed between the top and bottom PE's and between those to the extreme
_ left and right). As mentiozed above, there is a data transfer section in each PE _
and it is nossible to send data through in any of eight directions.
- In the array processor system using the experimental LSI, there is the capability
_ fcr processing the various functions of two-dimensional FFT, matrix multiplication, ~
and multifont printed Kanji recognition. Figure 7 shows the capability for two-
dimensional FFT operations. What would require a processing time of 100 ms in the -
ILLIAC IV, with an array size of 400 x 400, is handled in 4 ms or less by this array
_ processor. Its processing *_ime for matrix multiplication is 1/10, or less that of ~
the GKAY 1.
Thus this array processor is powerful in specified applications. Its uses, how-
ever, are still limited, and it is necessary to develop new applications and soft-
~ war.e to accompany them. Architecture corresponding to the application is also -
needed.
43
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FIGURE APPENDIX
~'igure 1: Basic structure of array processor
system. On command from host computer, all ~1)m ~~�~.t~- y
processing elements execute same command in
_ parallel . ( 2 ~ Mlo~su
_ f:e~ : (1) host computer ~ y~ . yp~~
(2) control section
(3) array processor ~E PE
a r, .
(4) PE: processing element ~ ' . ~
4`'
- ~
'~v . "~:,~;.r . ' ~r~~:; t;.:
- ~ vli.i~~, iY,;~*
W: ~ ~'l?a�j,'S
-.~~~,'~r,~,~;l~� ~f,_S:"'` rj~�
PE:9~3~=V~~F
Table l: Characteristics of tested LSI (2 x 2).
Number of PE's 2 x 2
data processing unit of PE 1 bit
memory capacity in PE 64 words (x 1 bit)
~ gates 2000
tecrmology 4.4 um rule n channel E/D MOS
- power consumption 400 mW
~ machine cycle 270 ns
= number of terminals 64
- Table 2: Characteristics of experimental LSI (8 x 8)
Number of PE's 8 x 8
data processing unit of PE 1 bit
memory capacity in PE 96 words (x 1 bit)
gates 20,000
technology 3 um rule
n channel E/D MOS
power consumption 3 W
_ machine cycle 100 ns
number of terminals 125
Ffgure 2: Photograph of tested LSI (2 x 2) chip. Size of chip is 4.5 x 5.5 mm.
Figure 3: External view of test array processor. It uses 16 LSI's with 4 PEs
each, for an array proc2s~~r board with 256 PE's (16 x 16),
~
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Figure 4: Mask pattern for experimental LSI (8 x 8). S~ze of chip is 7.4 x
8.2 mm.
~1 ~~~F� ~~t_z-9 (NIi1g6i~Eh) d~J~PE^
a. ~1 I~1 F V L
R Q~ ~ F y vl y ~ ~ ~ ~ U
i F~ I 4 L V� L ~1 ~ -
N q 7ri M (A)~ (B)~ (S)~ il
s ~ s s a a a
(2) (3) (5) f6) (3) (15) (4) -
D[~-. DI..~. '
r---- r- - ---r---------------- -
i i ~ - ~
~ ~ ~ I
I 1 I I
1~ tL~91 i~ tL794 1 ~1~~ ~
I 1 ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ Vv~9 � 7y-flb ~
~ ~ I (RF) -
I t ~ ~ 1
~ ~V79 2 ~ i ~ 1
~ ~ ~ R2 ~ A B S ~
I ~ ~ i
1 R 1 ~ ~ ~ Oi t
~ ~ f8~' I ~ ~ ~ ~
- ~ 1
~ 1 1
I I
1 ~ 1 -
i ~ ~
~ I ~ ~ tL495 ~
I I ~
i ~ 1 ~
"0'
, i '~l j~ ~ X Y C, V CIR
~ ~ ~
~ i ~ ALU g CIU
i t1~19 3 ~ i F 6 t
1 ~ ~ I 1
I
~ I I i R3 ~
~ i ~I i ~
- 1 Tr
~~-91~~E61 `
DO~ DO, CO
UI,-.: 8f~~~ PE 1rti~Af1 (D0~) / CIR :{;RtQ PE tr~~~~ r'J-~il (CO)
DI..~.: F~i~! PE ~h~�l~) (DO.) \ 1 S~ CIU :.Lf~i~k PE fi~~i~$ t~'1- 1.f1 (CO)
- Figure 5. Structure of processing element.
Key: (1) from host computer (through control section)
to all PE's
- (2) R(register) write enable {15) DI1~8: input from 8 adjacent PEs (DO1)
(3) RF write enable
(4-6) RF address DI~~10: input from upper and lower
(7) selector control
ad3acent PEs (DO )
(8) ALU control 2
(9) selector (1 through 6} CIR: carrying input from right adjacent PE
(10) register file (RFj CIU: carrying input from upper adjacent PE
(11, 12) control signal
(13) data transfer section (Z and II)
(14) arithmetic sectivn
-
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_ Figure 6. Arithmetic method of array
processor. Specified PE's can carry ? 2 s a s. e
out serial or parallel operations. ~ pE� [~E� PE,.
, Mi?ltiple operations can be performed
simultanedusly. Z PE" PE~~ T
i
4
iCey: (1) data (i, i-1, i-2 and j) 3 PE~, ;
.~.t ,,,c,. ,n-
4 �;r PE�
5 ~ ~r-91i-1) . .
6 Q~ T-9 i PE..
Figure 7. Operational capability for
t4~o-dimensional FFT (F'ast Fournier i~
- Transfer) . ~ 1 ~ ~ -y~l