JPRS ID: 9474 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070009-2
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• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 9
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9474 -
7 January 1981
' Sub-Saharan Africa Re ort
p
FOUO No. 704
'
- Fg~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
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other characteristics retair.ed.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. ~dhere no processing indicator is given, the infor-
- mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar name~ rendered phonetically or translite-rated are
_ enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
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given by source.
~ The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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JPRS L/9474
7 January 1981
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. ?04
. CONTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
More Than Money Seen As Necessary To Solve Sahel Probiems
(JEUNE AFRIQUE, 26 Nov 80) 1
Details of Senegalese-Gambian Cooperation
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21 iVov 8Q) 3
ANG~LA
Briefs
Support for Savimbi 5
BURUNDI
Briefs
National Sugar Office 6
CAMEROON
Fourth, Fifth Development Plans Discussed
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ~:T t~DITERRANEENS, various dates)......... 7
Realization o� Fourth Plan
'I'he Fifth Plan
Brief s
Aid for Natural Gas 14
CHAD
Deteriorating Situatir~n in South
(MARCHES TROPCCAUX E~ ;~1EDITIItRANEENS, 21 Nov 80)...,..~...... 15
-a- ~?:~:[-~tV~~A-120FOU0]
~'~::.i :'~~^.?,al~ 31.~s~ 4i
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I
Briefs
WFP Emergency Aid 16
EQUATORIAL GUINEA -
Details of Expanding Cooperation With France Set Forth
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21 Nov 80) 17
GABON '
Briefs
French Protection 19
_ GUINEA-BISSAU ,
Coup Reportedly Aimed at Destroying PAIGC Unity
(Editorial, Simon Malley; AFRIQUE-ASIF, 8 Dec 80)............ 20
IVORY COAST
Heavy Competition in National Elections _
(Sennen Andrimirado; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 16 Nov 80) 22
B*:iefs
Election Results Disputed 25
Municipal Electiuns Anger Manufacturers 25
MALI
Briefs
Dissidents' Leadership 26
SENEGAL _
Briefs
Electronic Training Center 27 _
SIERRA LEONE
Briefs
BADEA ~,gricultural L~an 28
SOUTH AFR~CA
DetaiJ.s of Railway Ex~ansion Plans Given
" (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 5 Dec 80)..........~... 29 -
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
. MORE THAN MONEY SEEN AS NEI:ESSARY TO SOLVE SAHEL PROBLIIriS
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 26 Nov 80 p 45
[Article by S.Bs.: "At the Meeting of the Sah~l Club Held in Kuwait, the
- Experts Pul.l the Alarm~ Money Alone Is Not Enough"]
[Text] Contrary to what one would think, it is not so much about money that
is discussed in Kuwait on 16 and 17 November. On these 2 days the capital of
the emirate hosts the fourth conference of the Sahel Club which gathers the
CILSS (Inter-State Com~ittee To ~ight the Drought in the SaheJ.: Maixritania,
Mali, Niger, Chad, Gambia, Cape Verde, Upper F.olta, Senegal), the main West-
ern and .Arab donor countries, and the African and international. development
- agencies. The Mali president Moussa Traore made a special trip to give the
opening address.
. Awareness -
Qf course, even before the discussions, the representatives of the S8he1
countries and the Club leaders did not hide the fact that they hop~d to
see a"gesture" from tt~eir rich in~erlocutors. Bnt that was not the es-
_ sential thing. For if none of the countries of the region has ~ruly
, "taken off" for the moment it was not because of m~oaey shortage: from 1975
to 1979 the 8 CILSS couatries received nearly $7 billion wort~ ~f
firm commitment for financing purposes on the part of the ba~.lers, of
which some 4 billion have actually been transferred over by the end of
1979, in the ~ost part in the form of outright grants. Per capita, that
is by far the most important amount of aid in Africa and one of the most
important in the Third World since each Sahelian receives in theory $38
per year from abroad.
Then why do we have stagnation, food deficits, and increasingly frequent
calls for help coming from the political leaders? It was the actuai
causes of the stagnation that the Sahelian and international e~tperts
undertook to explain to the Rural Development ministers present in Kuwait.
They have told them in effect, even if through allusions, that most of the
- impediments to devel~pment are of a political nature and that the clearing
of these obatacles can be made only through governmental choices. Much
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mentioned, for instance, is the development strategy drawn up at the
Ottawa meet:ing in 1977 which it is incumbent to improve upon in response
to the evolution of the situation in the last 4 years. According to -
_ the Club leaders, the "politicians" must be forced to envision longterm _
actions instead of quarantining themselves as they do at present in the
short term.
From now to the year 2000 the food demands of the Sahel will almost
triple and especially will change in nature. But whereas the experts
suggest profound structural reforms in order to prevent the degradation
of the situation the states have the tendency to consider the CILSS as
an agen~y for fund-raising meant to take care of the most hard pressed
issues. Ir. drawin~ the balance of the aid which the conference partici-
pants have ~nade, they have noticed that at the present time the financing
has been directed to the tune of 25 percent towards the infrastructures,
as against 4 percent towards the rain cultures and 1 percent only towards
reforestation. "If this con~inues," one of the participants comments,
"one of these days people will see highways crisscrossing deserted lands."
That is why many of them have stressed the necessity of changing the
present order of priorities.
_ Which Decisions?
The 5ahe1 Club has thus contributed to better define the responsibilities
of the states without for that matter ceasing to encourage the rich coun- _
tries to be even mor.e generous. A certain slowdown in the Western aid
which constitutes 78 percent of the total aid has in fact been noticed.
The Arabs provide anothe~ 18 gercent but three-fourth of their grants -
go to Mauritania.
The ministers have left Kuwait with voluminous studies of their regions
in the-lr suitcases. Will these studies ?i~lp them to take some painful _
de.cisions? Or will they paraphrase Louis XV and say: "After me... the
d.esert"? In the meantime, the desert is gaining rapidly.
COPYRIGHT: .Teune Afrique GRUPJIA 1980 -
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: INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
DETAILS OF SENEGALESE-GAMBIAN COOPERATION
~
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Nov 80 p 3089 ~
[Article: "The Point of Cooperation Between Senegal and Gambia"]
,
(Text] At the beginning of November, the Senegalese-Gambian interstate
ministerial committee has held its 15th session in Banjul, the Gambian
capital. The i.wo delegations expressed their satisfaction at the diver-
, sificati~n and strengthening of their bilateral cooperation and reaffirmed
their desire to develop it Purther.
- Witn respect to the postal service and the telecommunications, the. minis-
: terial committee noted with pleasure the positive turn taken by the -
- projected agreement on the direct exchange of postal money-orders, and
the recommendaticns aimed at improving telephone communications between
~ the two countries, Both parties agreed to have the bilateral cooperation
; agreements concerning civil aviation and meteorology signed within a
reasonable period of time.
As for ~lanning, both parties have committed themselves to coordinate and :
- harmonize their plans to the largest possible extent.
With respect to communications, the two parties have noted the favorable
developmeni ~f the Dakar-Banjul-Bissau road construction project, the
- technical study of which was started last June.
With respect to borders, the committee noted that the demarcation of the _
border in the Kantora area will start in the near future, and it gave =
instructions concerning the deli.mitation of the Baria border. As far as
_ fishing cooperation is concerned, it has asked its executive secretary to
take as soon as possible all the measures required to finalize the draft _
agreement. The two delegations have also examined the matter of cultur?1 -
cooperation and have noted with pleasure that the cultural programs which _
had been agreed on by the two parties had been completed on schedule L;~ the _
departments involved.
Concerning primary and secondary education, the cot~ittee congratulated
itself on the progress of the Senegalese school_ extension projects and _
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on the conscruction of the Banjul secondary school. Concerning higher _
education, it was decided to facilitate the admission af Gambian students
at the Dakar Uni�-ersity.
The committee has also noted with pleasure the progress of the cooperation
in the fields of information and radio-broadcasting.
- As far as health is concerned, the co~ittee has aqreed to harmonize its
efforts against serious endemic diseases and social ills such as the lack
of control on sales of drugs, alcoholism, "Xessal" and excessive smoking.
In the field of tourism, the committee has advised its executive secretary
to take the necessary steps to prepare a bilingual Senegalese-Gambian
guide as soon as possible.
Finally, the committee has adopted the budget prepared by its permanent
secretariat for the fiscal year 1980-1981; it has aiso decided to hold
an extraordinary session in 1981 to deal with administrative and financial -
matters.
- COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1980
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ANGOLA
BItIEFS
SUPPORT FOR S~VIMBI--European diplomats foresee important support for Jonas Savimbi,
_ leader of UNITA, following Ronald Reagan's installation in the White House. They
add tha~ the Soviet Union would not fail to react in Zaire by supporting destabili- _
zation operations. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFLLIQUE in French 10 Dec 80 p Si]
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BURUND I
BRIEFS
~~A'fIONAL SUGAR OFFICE--A presidential decree, dated 16 September 1980 created a
National Sugar Office (ONASU) in Burundi; it is a public institution of an agricul-
tural, industrial and commercial nature endowed with legal status and organic and
financial autonomy. The Office's mission is defined in l~rt 2 of the above-mentioned
decree, which states that "the purpose of the Office is to create and administer
sugar cane plantations. For that purpose it may participate in creating sugar com-
paiiies; it will carry out all the development work, including putting in place the
economic and social infrastructures necessitated by the existence of a concentration
of persons attracted by the Office's activities. It will take all appropriate mea-
s~~res to improve promotion of the industrial production of sugar." [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET h~DITERRANEENS in French 31 Oct 80 p 2687] 8946
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CAMEROON
_ FOURTH, FIFTH DEVELOPMENT PLANS DISCUSSF.D
Realization of. Fourth Plan
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET I~DITERRANEENS in French 31 Oct 80 pp 2680-2681
[Text] The report on the first 3 years of the Fourth,Cameroonian Plan, which
was prepared by the ~conomy and Planning Ministry and published at the end of the
first half of 1980, is concerned with the period of July 1976 to June 1979. One is
struck by its tone of truthfulness: roughly, realization of the Fourth Plan has
been falling beh~od since the very beginning, and there is no hope o� catching up.
Dwindling Agriculture
= Cameroon's principal export products (chiefly cocoa and coffee) are declining be-
cause the plantations are aging and renovation is taking Flace too slowly. More-
over, the cperations upon which the country depends to diversify its production
and limit certain imports are costing the taxpayer dearly and are not yielding the
hoped-for results. Wheat (SODEBLE [Wheat Development Company] in Ngaoundere)
yielded a mere 104 tons in 1978-1979 out of several thousand hectares planted, com-
pared to 800 tons the year before. Cameroonian rice costs twice as much as i~-
ported rice, and is poorly marketed. Three costly studies in succession on the
subject of the rice fields in the Mbandjock region have prodv~~d no results.
' Nevertheless there are some successes in oil palms and hevea. But there is no
- lack of difficu~ties: village plantations of oil palm trees are unsuccessful be-
cause they are not being maintained. The rotation rate among SOCAPALM [expansion
unknown] workers is high (although this is not mentioned in the report); they are
dissa~isfied with their living conditions and the possibilities for promotion in
the company--�which, by the way, is saekircg to remedy these problems, even though
- they are not strictly company problems. Cotton is becoming more and more an in-
dustrial and intensive crop and less and less a peasant crop. Production increased
from 49,000 tons in 1975-1976 to 59,000 tons in 1978-1979.
_ In the animal industries, a delay in the construction of modern slaughterhouses at
Uouala and Yaounde is observed (the firm responsible for building them went bank-
rupt). Some limited progress may be seen in livestock raising: diseases have been
eliminated (rinderpest) or reduced (bovine contagious pleuro-pnewnonia and tset-se).
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Artificial ponds have been built (43 of the 300 provided for) in the north. But
_ many prospects are still in the planning stage: milk, pharmaceutical products,
pcultry farmizg at Yaounde. On the other hand, the Mbandjock Fattening Mission is
i~ place.
Industrial fishi;~g is making no progress; it is satisfying only 70 percent of the
domestic demand, in contrast to 85 percent at the beginning of the Third Plan.
- The forest e.xploitation capacitiy has been increased, thanks chiefly to the Deng-Deng
forest clurr.p, but reforestation operations are inadequate: 1,300 hectaxes per year.
In tlie integrated develo~ment projects, such as the Ombessa operation (in the Bafia
region) or the SOD�NKAM [Nkam Development Company] (Yabassi-Bafang) , the number of
~armers affected is diminishing or increasing only very slowly: "The enthusiasm
aroused in rural young people by the Yabassi-Bafang operation seems to be dilmning
little by little." These projects continue to be expensiv~ for the community, and
produce disappointing results. On the other hand, the CDC (Cameroon Development
Corporation) has a different, more clearly capitalistic style, and it is to double
~ its acreage in ten years, to reach 60,000 hectares of diverse plantations.
Support for rural mechanization is not yet out of the experimental stage, for lack
of financing.
The result of this slow progress is that agricultural production has declined as
part of t}ie PIB [gross domestic product] (32 percent, or 300,700,000,000 CFA francs
in 1977-1978, as against 34 percent, or 223,400,000,000 in 1975-1976, this increase
- in absolute value beirig due to the fact that prices held up well for s~metimes lesser
quantities).
Cameroon is experiencing the same difficulty as many developing countries in knowing
what to do to rPally advance agriculture, because workers on the land are urged to
become familiar with new crops, with new techniques, and th.�ir traditions do not
~ lead them in those directions. On the other hand, the governmental organisms are
~ ~oo cumbersome and have a spirit that is much more bureaucratic than business-like.
In the face of such slow progress industry, especially service and administration,
are making much better progress.
Wise Industrial Progress and the Oil BQOm
In 3 years 50 percent of the investments provided for for industries, mines and
~ energy have been realized, or 181,000,000,000 CFA francs. The level is pretty good
for industries and mi~~les (60 per~ent); less good for the Pl~s [small and medium-
sized businesses] and handcrafts, which are not very greedy (53 percent); and even
less good for energy (44. S percent) .
What industries are erierging? The lumber industry with three firms, Ecam-placages,
SINTRABOIS [expansioii unknownJ and SOFIBEI, [expansion unknown] ; the shoe and leather
industries with the C~uneroon Tanning and Leatherware Company in Ngaoundere; build-
ing materials with the completion of CERICAM [expansion unknown] (ceramics, etc.)
u at Bonaberi, and the CI1~N~AM [Cameroon Cement Plant] extensions at Bonaberi and
Figuil. It is notewort}:y that cement consumption tripled between 1971 and 1978, and
that the obstacle in the way of importing foreign cement is its high cost in CFA
francs. Another significant increase in progress is ALUCAM's [Cameroon Alwninum].
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~ ln textiles, a newcomer in the CICAM [expansion unknown] is SOLICAhI [expansion un~
knownJ (household linens), at a cost of 2,700,000,000. In chemistry, a huge de-
~ velopment, CELLUCAM [Cameroon Cellulose] for paper pulp, and the extension of
SOCAVER [expansion unknown] (glass factory). After an interruption of several years,
the SOCAME [expansion unknown] fertilizer plant is resuming production in 1980.
5everal projects that would have given Cameruon a certain autonomy never saw the ~
light of day: in particular, the electrified steel mill and cast-iron foundry at
Douala. But it is likely that in this field the future improvements at Kribi (a
port, an iron mine, gas) will overturn the data.
I?i energy there is the building of the Song-Loulou Dam on the Sanaga, which is in
progress, and the slower though less important building of the Lagdo Dam on the
- ~enoue (by technicians from the People's Republic of China). Little has been done
toward transporting eRergy. However, 70 urban centers are now being supplied by
_ SONEL [National Electricity Company] .
The electricity �airy is nearly eclipsed by black gold: oil production was 295,942
tons ir? 1977-1978 and 960,549 tons in 1978-1979; it could go to 2,800,000 tons in
1980-1981. The first 3 years of the Fourth Plan saw the startup of work on the
_ Cape Limboh refin~ery (beyond Victoria), which will begin operating in February 1981.
- Mining is still in the exploration and survey stage (except for oil prospecting,
which is swallowing up significant sums) .
A Heavy Tertiary to Move, but it is Moving
Tiie actions undertaken to diversify Cameroon's partners, to make zt less dependent
on the EEC, iiave not yet produced results. In this area they count on the role of
- the National Foreign Trade Center, which was created in February 1978. Exchange is
still very much in deficit: 191,000,000,000 CFA francs in goods exports in 1977-
1973 (over 51,600,000,000 in services), as against 272,800,000,000 in imports.
Re~ults for domestic exchange are also very timid, at least as regards actions under-
taken by the state. The Grain Office, created especially for the north, controls
~ just 1 percent of production in that area and is therefore not powerful enough to
prevent speculation and stock ruptures. As for MIDEVIV [expansion unknown] (which
supplies cities with food products], it has made progress in Yaounde, but in the
area of ineans of transport and rapidity of intervention, it lacks the flexibility
~ of its competitors.
- In commercial equipment Yaounde and Douala are being endowed with new markets (see
MARC}1ES TROPICAUX ~T N~llITERRRNEENS for 11 July 1980) . The most noteworthy novel-
ties are: the acquisition of new units by Camshiplines; rejuvenation of Regifercam
equipmen~t; Cameroon Airlines' order for a Boeing 747 heavy transport aircraft (de-
- livery in March 1981); a certain slowness in expanding thP .fleet of SOTUC [expan-
sion unknown] cars, because of funding difficulti~s, but tll,~total number of units
is to increase from 89 to 210 units for pouala and Yaoundt, Fortunately, at the
same time announcement is made--but this is a. sign of a delay--of repair work to be
done on the streets of those two cities.
The hotel program went forward when the Douala Novotel went into service, but the
touri.st projects are experiencing "a long delay in execution."
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It is perhaps in the area of infrastructures that the most important changes took
place in ttiis peri.od: enlarging the Douala port, Douala and Garoua international
airports (the latt~~r in progress), realignment of the Douala=Yaounde railroad and
- modernization of tlie Regifercam installations, new sections of the Transafrican
- Road at the Bamenda-Bafoussam-Foumban level and later at Tibati-Meidougou; repair
and repaving roads in the north, new bridges, new telephone exchanges. But these
last accomplishments cannot hide how much need there is for ~ heavy axis between
Douala and Yaounde, how badly the telephone and telex function in the country's two
principal cities--and this has gone on for years. -
Aii Abandoned Social Sector
T he Fourth Plan's realization rates are among the slowest in the social sector, where
the needs can only increase. 'fhis is true for education: the report says "the
situation continues to deteriorate...Pupil/teacher rat_os nave gone from 49 in 1971
to 52 in 1978," whereas the objective of the Third Plan was "to attain the optimum
of 45 pupils per teacher and per class." This erosion is continuing at the end of
the Fourth Plan, witli the freezing of funds for priuate schools, a free2e that is _
forcing them to recruit more pupils per class in order to meet increased salary loads.
i This is ti~e realization rate for the Plan in three years, at dirferent levels: -
nursery-school education, 38.6 percent of the investment provided for; primary, 12.4
percent; general secondary, 15.3 percent; technical secondary, 28 percent; higher
education, 23.5 percent; teachers' colleges, 9.4 percen.t; rural handcraft and _
domestic science sections, 9 percent.
The realization rate is higher for civil service, the CUSS (University Center for -
E~ealth Sciences) and the training of young farmers in the north. -
- Other realization rates: Youth and sport, 16 percent (chiefly stadiums); health, -
27.4 percent. The report comments: this rate "makes us very pessimistic about
realization, even at just 50 percent, of everything included in the Plan for this
subsector." Prevention of contagious diseases was barely engaged in (1 percent
realized). "I'he delays are explained by the lack "of resources for financing these
projects, 3ltd, on the other hand, bad management of the resources already av ailable." .
5ociai Affairs: 2.5 percent realization! "The investment situation /i.s turning out
to be alarrnitig/ [in italicsJ and there is no reason to believe that the projects
will be started up in the near future," the report says.
~s for urbanism, ttie state and the communities have conducted several renewal and
improvernent actions, the most spectacular of which is the Yaounde trade center;
as well as actions to re}iabilitate and "curette" overpopulated neighborhoods. New
urban centers are receiving water and electricity. Industrial zones are being de-
veloped in Douala (Bonaberi and Bassa), Yaounde and elsewhere. The SIC (Cameroon _
Real Estate Company) is building housing (1,536), but /it is chiefly individuals who
are investing/ [in boldface]; the gross fixed capital formation (FBCF) per household
- in the housing "represents 40 percent of the total FBCF in 1976-1977."
Information and culture: 8 percent realization. An enormous amount remains to be
done in the field of radio broadcasting, television, museums, art in~titute, etc. -
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On the other hand, the realization rate for administrative equipment is 47 percent,
_ and undoubtedly higher, for just five ministerial departments answered that part of
the inquiry. _
With regard to research, it is nearly paralyzed, because "ONAREST [National Office of
Scientific and Technical Research] has an organization that is not always function-
- al, and its staff is not favorable to research activity; it lacks the means to sup-
' port potential research programs."
The report expresses the hope that a general plan for computerizing the Cameroonian
administration will be established. _
- What Growth is There in Cameroon?
In conclusion, the report studies the origin of the financing of the investments al-
= ready realized, and then speculates about growth in Cameroon. It has been placed in
financial difficulties by an unfavorable business cycle, marked by slow growth in
the Western countries and a slowdown in demand there, by a decline in the demand in _
the oil-producing countries and by difficulties in the developing countries (drought =
~ in the Sahel, etc.). Nevertheless, Camexoon had a real growth rate of 8 percent in `
constant terms, which coincides with the estimates of the Plan (7.1 percent). In the
PI~, which increased to 939,800,000,000 CFA francs, each sector is situated as fol-
lows: primary, 32 percent; secondary, 16 percent; tertiary, 37 percent; administra-
tion, 8 percent; miscellaneous, 7 percent.
Imports represent 22 percent of the overall supply, and their structure has evolved
only slightly. Supply does not completely satisfy deman~, hence the inflationistic
tendencies. However, the st ate h.as done everything to minimize those tensions, al-
thuugh its effort has produced no rzsults on the production level; after the first
year, when credit was supported, it became more hemmed in, and a deceleration in the
growth of the monetary mass was seen. At the same time, the state's expenditures
stagnated in 1977-1978.
The report puts forward the following recommendations: it is desirable that expendi-
tures to create and support agricultural training structures be limited, and that
the management of these structures be improved. There should also be more consis-
tency in the actions undertaken; along the same line, the lifespan of the existing
iiifrastructures could be prolonged by maintaining them.
'1'he report, therefore, has the merit of being frank and objective. It leaves room
for skepticism on the effectiveness of the planning and the quality of the predic-
tions. The state's role appears to be necessary and indispensable as concerns in-
frastructures for communication in particular, but although Cameroon is producing
and being built, this is in large part due to the initiative of business firms and
individuals.
The Fifth Plan
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET I~DITERRANEENS in French 7 Nov 80 p 2968
[TextJ The Cameroonian Government is known to be preparing the Fifth Development _
Plan for Carneroon. It has not yet undertaken to draw up the docwnent, but those in
charge of the preparation have just arrived at the preparatory phase of the proced-
ure. A diagnostic report of the 1960-1980 period has been drawn up and has given
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rise to a report established by the planning office of the Economy and Planning
Ministry. A series o� meetings whose purpose was the release of prospects for de-
velopment as far a?i~ead as the year 2p00 were held in the last few weeks and resulted
in the writing of a syn:.hesizing report.
'I'he minister of Economy and Planning asked the French consulting engineers company,
Norbert Berard, for a study, supported by a mathematical model, on the hypotheses
for Cameroon's development over the next 20 years. Its results were submitted at
the end of the first quarter of 1980, in the fozm of sheaves of computer listings ~
which are not easily extrapolated by the uninitiated. The local authorities there-
fore asked the Norbext Berard office to send specialists to decipher these computer
documents and translate them into economic language suitable for use in preparing a
development plan. Several meetings on that subject have been held since early
October.
At the present time the objectives of the Fifth Plan have not yet been released, it -
seems, nor, a11 the more reason, quantified. The next stage of the drawing-up pro- -
cess will c~nsist of setting up ~reparatory documents for the use of the provincial
J authorities, who will have to make credible objectives appear within a geographic
framework. Then, in Yaounde, the work of synthesizing will be undertaken, to trans-
pose and regroup the documents into a sectoral framework. At that stage consistency
of data will be sought, to end up with a permanent draft document.
The key ideas which in the words of the president of the Republic are to ,uide the
preparation of the Fifth Plan are as follows:
~ffective realization of food self-sufficiency.
Making dynamic once more the production structures in the sectors of agricul-
ture, forests, livestock raising and fishing.
Intensification of exploration and exploitation of natural resources--mining _
and energy.
Reorienting the country's industrialization by means of a policy of revalorizing
raw materials of local origin.
A number of �avorable conditions will have to be produced to enable these objectives
to be easily realized. They are, notably: improvement of the rural standard of
living to slow down the rural exodus; better deployment of the transportation and
distribution infrastructures and activities; judicious recycling into the local eco-
nomy of the national savings and foreign contributions.
T}ie following schedule has been set up for the various phases of the preparation:
Meeting of provincial commissions for the first half of January 1981.
Meeting of national commissions working within a sectoral framework, from
15 January to the end of February 1981.
Meeting of multidiscipline study groups in charge of the overall consistency of
tlie draft plan, for March and April 1981.
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(The above indications arrived in our offices when the special part of this issue
that is devoted to Cameroon had already been printed. We were therefore unable to
give this information in the study itself.
- On the other hand, we remind the reader that last week--MARCHES TROPICAUX ET N~DI-
TERRANEENS of 31 October, page 268G--we published a very complete article on the
- realization of the Fourth P13n.) -
_ COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1980.
8946
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_
CAI~ROOi1
BRIEFS
AID FOR NATURAL GAS--A technical assistance contract for developing natural gas in
Cameroon was signed on 29 October in Yaounde between the CFP/Total-Mobil partnership
and the Cameroonian study company SEG~++ZCAM [expansion unknown], which was created =
last 9 July by agreement between the government and four oil companies (see MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET NI~DITERRAN~ENS, 18 July, page 1802). The CFP/Total-Mobil partnership,
which is providing technical assistance for SEGAZCAM, is to comp~ete by 1982 at the
latest the studies relative to construction of a gas liquefaction plant at Kribi
(150 km south of the port of Douala, on the Atlantic). SEGAZCAM's partners--
CFP/Total, Elf Aquitaine, Mobil Exploration Equatorial Africa Inc., Pecten Cameroon -
LNG [liqu~fied natural gas] Ltd (Shell) and the Cameroonian National Hydrocarbons
Company, are participating equally in financing the studies, which are evaluated at
7,000,000,~00 CFA francs. We recall that significant deposits of natural gas have
been found in Cameroon, north of Douala in the offshore oil production zone, as well
- as off Kribi. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 7 Nov
1980 p 2968] 8946
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~
' CHAI7 -
DETERIORATING SITUATION IN SOUTH
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in F~ench 21 Nov 80 p 3104
(Article: "The Situation in the South Reported To Be Deteriorating"]
[Text] An AFP wire dated 12 November states that, according to refugees
from Southern Chad who recently arrived in Yaounde, the people of Southern
Chad lack food, civil servants have not been paid on time for months, and
many cadres are leaving the country.
These refugees, cadres fram the southern part of the country, report that
the inhabitants are destitute, that famine is threatening because the cereal _
shortage this year is near 85,000 tons, and that the Chad Armed Forces of
Col Abdelkader Kamoughe "ransom people in the villages and in the ~cities."
These refugees from the south mention that the region they come from is not
in the combat zone, and that 90,000 tons of cotton have been harvested; but
they wonder where the money has gone.
Finally, in its last issue to reach Yaounde, the newspaper LE BOUCLIER of
Moundou writes th~t "financial and political officials are blithely spending
- money. Yet, a mini-budget of 5 billion CE'A francs had been adopted to ensure
- the proper operation of the south, independently from Ndjamena, until peace
is restored."
. According to the newspaper, the cadres are fleeing to the neighboring coun- -
- tries: "The intellectuals are panicking, they are running away from Calvary." -
Criticizing the head of the Chad Armed Forces without naming him, LE BOUCLIER
is of the opinion that "in the south, the power is becom.ing more military
and this point of view is unable to overcome certain social and political
obstacles."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1980
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CHAD
- BRIEFS
WFP EMERGENCY AID--Food assistance amounting to 157,000 dollars has been
sent by the World Food Program to the Central African Republic where it
will be distributed to Ch~dian refugees, a FAO press release stated. This
aid (330 tons of corn flour, 33 tons of powder milk and.22 tons of
vegetal oil) will help feed 6,100 refugees during 6 months. [Text]
- [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Nov 80 p 3104]
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EQUATORIAL ~UINEA -
DETAILS OF EXPANDING COOPERATION kITH FRANCE SET FORTH
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Nov 80 pp 3102-3103
[Article: "Strengthening of Cooperation With France")
[Text] On his official working visit to France (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS dated 14 November 1980, p 3039), President Teodoro Obiang
Nguema t~asogo called "fruitful" the private conversation he had on 14
November with President Valery Giscard d'Estaing at the Elysees Palace.
He added that he was "very pleased with" the answers o� the French Govern-
ment concerning bilateral cooperation projects.
A joint communique, published on 15 November after a meeting between the
two heads of state, mentioned the "great cordiali~y" of their conversations -
on bilateral cooperation and economic relations.
France has decided to provide iinancing for a hydroelectric power plant in
F.quatorial Guinea. In addition, it will help in the national reconstruc- ~
tion undertaken by Equatorial Guinea following the coup of August 1979
against dictator Macias Nguema.
- According to the joint communique, the two heads of s~ate also affirmed =
- "their reliance on dialogue and negotiation to settle disputes and _
differences between states, and have recognized that it is important to
establish a more just international economic order." Finally, they hope
- that the three-way European-Arab-African dialogue will progressively
become a part of international reality.
During his visit, PrFSident Obiang repeatedly expressed the wish that ~
France would play an active part i.n the development of Africa so as to
bring the latter out of the state of "instability" which is plaguing it
today .
An economic, technical and cultural cooperation agreement was signed on
29 November 1979 by the two countries; it provides Equatorial Guinea with
subsiciies from the Aid and Cooperation ~nd (FAC), amounting to 11 million
French francs. This aid is to pramote the development of traditional '
_ fisheries, mining prospection and the repairinq of the Malabo port.
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- Several Frer.ch expert missions will soon be sent to Equatorial Guinea.
A projected cooperation in the field of oil production is also under
study,
In this connection, one is reminded of. the state of "economic collapse" in
which this country found itself when Macias N'Guema was overthrown: cocoa
production was 10 times less than in 1968, the year of the independence
(4,000 tons against 40,000), and gaboon lumber production, too, had
collapsed during the same period (50,000 tons against 300,000 tons).
- The revival of these productions, che modernization of the economic infra-
structure and the return of exiled cadres have been as many priorities for
the Malabo authorities.
' Answering questions concerning specific branches of the economy, upon
leaving the Elysees Palace, the head of the Equatorial Guinean state men-
_ tioned the prospects for cooperation in the field of oil production, while
underlining that the agreements signed with France still had to be applied.
On 15 November, he was to meet in Paris with the president of Elf-Aquitaine
and, the next day, to visit the Orleans laboratories of the Bureau of
Geological and Mining Exploration (BRGM). During the p~.st few months,
_ this organization has undertaken an inventory of Equatorial Guinea's under-
ground in order to identify the mineral resources of the country, to con-
_ tribute to the training of local personnel and to provide French technical
assistance in the field of mineral prospection.
During a press conference held on 17 October in Paris, the head of the
Equatorial Guinea called "ex^ellent" the results of his official four-day
- working visit to France.
"Before coming to Paris, we had some doubts because there had been some
delay in the application of the cooperation agreements signed in November
1979," he underlined, "but our concern was soon dissipated."
- After denying that, in its cooperation with Equatorial GUinea, France was -
taking the place af Spain with whom, he said, "we have language and cultural
ti~s," President Obiang stated that his country would accept cooperation `
in ti~e field of oil production from all other countries.
- "We have signed prospection agreements with France and Spain, and we have _
received offers from the United States. As for the exploitation, we shall
not sign any agreement until the Equatorial Guinean law on oil production
has been prepared; this law is now under study in France and in Spain, and
_ EEC experts are also working on it."
The head of the Equatorial Guinean state, who stayed one more day in
France on private business, left Paris on 18 November for Cologne.
_ COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1980 .
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GABON
BRIEFS
FRF,NCH PROTECTION--According to U.S. diplomatic reports, the stationing of four
French Jaguar airplanes in Libreville is not only due to events in Chad. These
supersonic attack planes, each equipped with two cannons, bombs and rockets were
reportedly dispatched to Libreville at the personal request of President Bongo.
Indeed, the Libreville dictator, whose regime maintains itself in power.only
thanks to the French military presence, fears a military coup d'etat or a serious
popular revolt which could result in his downfall, Does Bongo actually believe
that the Jaguar planes could protect him from his oppressed and over-exploited
people's wrath? [Text] [Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 8-21 Dec 80 p 47]
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- GUINEA-BISSAU
COUP R~PORTEDLY AIMED AT DESTROYING PAIGC UNITY
Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 8 Dec 80 pp 18-19
[Editorial by Simon Malley: "Amilcar Cabral's Second Death?"]
[Excerpts] Who was actually supposed to be done away with in Bissau on 14 November?
= Luis Cabral, the president, or Amilcar Cabral, the founder of the PAIGC, assassi-
nated in 1973? This is the question asked this week by the Mozamb ican magazine
TEMPO about the serious events which shook Guinea-Bissau and whose repercussions
reach well beyond the borders of this young republic numbering less than a million
~ inhabitants.
How can one remain indifferent to the events in Bissau? Is it possible that the
illegal and arbitrary overthrow of a government established by one of the best- -
structured political parties on the African continent can only be a"banal"
episode in Africa, as the most simplistic Western commentators like to repeat?
If the pronouncements attsmpting to "legitimize" Luis Cabral's overthrow by his
prime minister with automatic weapons and tanks did not emanate from statesmen who,
in the past, gave us repeated proof of their patriotism and their dogged struggle
against colonialism and its puppets, they would be reminiscent of the aberrant
proclamations of the imperialist and colonialist governments of Paris, London, _
Lisbon dnd Washington.
Regardless of the mistakes and the faults which could be imputed to Luis Cabral,
the PAIGC was sufficiently mature and offered enough instances allowing for -
criticism and even dismissal not to have recourse to the brutal use of guns. Had
he not been appointed in the same manner as his own prime minister, Joao Bernardo
Vieira, "Commandant Nino"?
Don't both have the right and the obligation to accept the collegial decisions of
the competent organs of the party, whose principal leaders they are? This is why
the coup perpetrated against the chief of state of Guinea-Bissau is inadmissible
and intolerable to African public opinion, especially that of the democratic and
progressive forces of our continent. If doubts are appearing everywhere on the
motivations, the schemes and the real reasons of the 14 November coup, this is
because, f irst of all, the fundamental principles, the doctrine, the concepts and
~ the views which presided over the creation of the PAIGC and also throughout its
- existence were coldly ignored, disregarded, violated. It is also because a number
of troubling facts cropping up right now create serious suspicion involving the
- elements who seem to have played a decisive role in th~ organization and implementa-
tion of the coup d'etat.
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L Vl\ VL'1' l~llLL~ V VL Vl\LL
I have known the principal leaders of the PAIGC for a long time, and especially
Amilcar Cabral, Aristides Pereira, "Commandant Nino," Luis Cabral and many others.
I have admired some, appreciated the loyalty and discipline of others, as well as
the courage, abnegation and the sacrifices of the frontline fighters. But I also
have had occasion to meet--especially after independence--a number of elements
whose ties with Western business circles, notably Portuguese, were notorious.
Elements who were in regular contact with corrupt and shady intermediaries, who
were spending week-ends iz the Canary Islands as guests of an agent of Lebanese
origin who owns a huge t~~use where everything was at the disposal of his eminent
visitors. Among those were certain influential members of the Cabral government
whose implication in the organization, financing and carrying out of the 14 Navember
putsch is well known and unambiguous. Who is not aware that one of the most _
influential members of the Council of the Revolution chaired by Joao Bernardo
Vieira never arrived at a dinner in Bissau without being accompanied by a secre- _
tary carrying a case of champagne? Who does not know that a certain person main-
tained close ties with an important fascist industrialist in northern Portugal and
that he played a nefarious role in many international fi.nancial organizations in
order to discredit President Pereira's government and his "ambitious and impossible"
prog,rams? Who has not met that evil spirit of the new Council of the Revolution
who received hundreds of thousands of dollars from two important U.S, oil companies
in order to obstruct his country's plans for off-shore prospecting? Who is unaware
of the false reports established by agents who have infiltrated Vieira's entourage
thanks to the complicity of certain foreign powers, both European and African,
repor.ts which have been trumped up in the sole aim of provoking and exacerbating _
suspicion and mistrust between the chief of state and his prime minister?
More examples? More illustrations? They are legion. Personally, I do not believe
that "Nino," one of the legendary heroes of the war of national liberation, is a
corrupt leader or the agent of a given power. Equally, I do not think he could be
in league with those who would hawk Guinea-Bissau's vital interests to any other
country, near or far. His prestige within the PAIGC armed forces is too great to
let him consciously sacrifice it on the altar of narrowly self ish interests or that
of colonialist and imperialist powers. -
But ttiose who are attempting to sidetrack him from the trail blazed by the father
of the nation, to destroy one of the most beautiful inheritances on the African
continent, these hereditary enemies of African dignity, these very elements are
- constituting a force around Joao Bernardo Vieira--who could well become their
next victim--which is doggedly trying to create a chasm between Cape Verde and
Guinea-Bissau by reviving old demons used by the Portuguese in order to destroy
all prospects of solidarity, cohesion and unity between the two parts of one body.
- Despite the seriousness of the events which have just taken place in Bissau, we
- refuse to believe that the true patriots and militants of the PAIGC, notably in
Bissau, will allow that this crime be consummated. They should know that if the
14th of November figures as an important date in history, it will be only as a _
step, as a first phase of a vastly more sinister plan: the elimination of the
PAIGC revolutionaries, including "Commandant Nino," to permit the installation,
in Amilcar Cabral's capital, of a regime obeying the orders of the agents of
international capitalism, both European and American.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Afrique-Asie
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- IVORY COAST
HEAVY COMPETITION IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS -
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 16 Nov 80 pp 4, 42
I~?rticle by Sennen Andrimirado]
[Text] Dimbokro, right in the center, about 300 kilometers to the north of Abidjan.
In thia city. an the border between the forest aad the sav~anna, the battle for the
legi8lative elections (on 9 and 23 November 1980) will not have opposed the ins and
ouCs. The contest for the single deputy's seat in~olved three retiring deputies and
only one new pretender.
The second round ~ras to have been decid~ed between two retiring deputies: Rone Samba
Ambroise (3,433 votea in the first round), a historical figure in th~ city~ and his
youager colleague Amon Leon (3,3L.2 votes)~ The third retiring deputy. Pierre
. Chicaya, ~it the dust as of 9 November with...88 votes. Aa for the outsider. -
Dr Kouame Kangr~., he ecarcely expected to be elected: "I ~anted to play the part of
a balance wheel," he told us, "to avoid the division of Dimbokro into two ca~pa." -
_ ThiB neurosurgeon proclaimed to whoever was willing to listen: "The intellectual
is deapicable. There are some franed in alumin~ and others in wood." Aluminum
shinea but it warpa. Rere in DimbokYO the electorate has been warped taaard the
- past.
Entrenched Leadership
Crushed by greenery, in the heart of the "riag of cacao aad ~~offee," built on the _
banks of the Bandama, Tiassale takes ita name from Tchassa, a aecret rock, the pro-
tective genius of the city which is worshiped every qear. A foruer alave market,
_ Tiaseale has the peculiarity of being coetiopolitan. Nine new people faced each
other araund a aingle vacancy.
In the firat turn. the ethnic dispersion profited the candidate who eeened to be
the most neutral: Daniele Boni, W1io had S00 votes more than the aecond. "I did
not think that it would be so rough or eo law," she confided to ue. She was re-
proached for having a white mother aad, furthermore, a White husband. Certain of
her adversaries even spread the rnmor that if ehe was elected Daaiele Boni ~rould
leave "for her home in F~ance."
But there ia more yet. If she is not an "old timer," Daniele Boni has the disad-
vantage of beia~g the daughter of the President of the Supreme Court and the niece _
, -
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rvn vrr~~ i:~i. ~ .~c. .r..?..~
of. the secretary general of the party subsection at Tiasaale. Aka Yao, her un-
luckiest opponent, in the firet round (236 votes), a school director, his body
naked and a loin cloth over his kidneys, told us: "The Bonis want to keep the
- leadership in Tiassale. That is intolerable." The candidate�e reply: "I am
_ neither m}? father nor my uncle." The cases of Dimbokro and Tiassale, although
absurd and exceptional, will not have deflected the new wind that is blowing over
Ivory Coast (JEUNE AFRIQUE No 1037). Still a fe~r days before the second vote, a
minister--not a candidate--was [elling us: "The change is irreversible. For 20
yeara, political life wae sad, congealed. This time the young people have dared
to ~ump into the arena and they are overturning a game Which seemed to be won for-
ever. The voters understood that and ase supportiag them." This analysis is
shared by a peraon close to Philippe Yace, outgoing president of the National
- Assembly (for 20 years) and he adds: "Why do yau want the electorate to change
ita orientation for the aecond round?"
The first round has slready demonstrated Chat change was possible and that the
fortressea were not impregnable. The image of a Philippe Yace~ even reelected,
hae been tarnished by the fact that he had a competitor in his fief at Jacqueville.
"Direct Contact"
It begina ~o be known what change th~ new deputies can bring. A Iienri Konan
- Bedie--who has become a young man again for having been eclipsed for three year~--
or an Em~nanuel Diaulo, both of them elected as of the first reund and who paes a~
the atandard-bearera of the new wave, are workaholics. They begin to st~udy t~eir
- f.ilea or to write at 4 0' clock in the morning after having apent a good part of
the night receiving the faithful. The newcomers in the political arena have fur-
ther known~ during the campaign, how to exploit the weakaese of their elders and
their opponents: they adopted the "direct contact" style. The journalist Jean
~ambire, after the favorable votes of the firat round~ has, for eaample, the reputa-
tion of being a big talker and above all to have been the firat to dare, more than
10 years ago, to publicly take on the most poWerful members of the old Assembly.
Because they were marching off to battle, the newcomera methodically analyzed their
electorate. As theq were largely made up of cadrea, they knew that cadres...did
not vote. Then, they went into the prisons to convince those who were arreated but
not yet aentenced and were therefare voters. They saw fire~en and they saw the
police. They plunged into the working diatricta of the citiea or into the planta-
tions. BetWeen the two rounds of voting they patiently explained to the voters how
to vote. A certain candidate would not get angrq with a certain female voter who
came to annouce to him that she had voted for him as ahe trfumphantly brought him
as proof...the ballot in his name. Another took half an hour to demonstrate the
procedure to a certain peasent who, after having imderatood what he should have done
with hia ballot, burst out with: "Give me the ballot, I'm going back again." Their
elders had lost the habit. Hence this for~ula which is al 1 the rage today in
Treichville: "An 80 deputy is not a former deputy."
- Voicea of Little People
The new wave does not feel reassured on that account. It knows that the "1980-1985
deputy" will be under surveillance, because, according to a newly elected official,
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"the voter has become king." In Abobo, a quar~er on the outskirts of Abidjan
- where piles of debrie still serve as playgrounds os where a basin of water is
still sold for 100 CFA [African Financial CaumunityJ fraaca, people choose to
be on their guard: "the little ones have spoken, the big onea have voted." For _
the moment, the new candidates have under~tood that they will have to give a
- regular accountiug. The haxdest thiag to do will be to do juat that and not, in
their turn, to treat their votera with eaey faailiaritq.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1980 _
12,116
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i�uK urr~~i:~~ ~;~r. VIVLY ~
i
- IVORY ~'AAST
- i
_ '
BRIEFS
ELECTIOh RESULTS DISPUTED--A real ju~idical headache for the ~agistrates. Accord-
ing to the Constitution, only the National Asaembly (the old one ie diaeolned aad
the new one will not meet before the ~iddle of January 1981) ahould take cogaizance
of it; so that, according to the electoral law promulgated in ~eptember, thase dis-
putes wi11 go to the Supreme Court. Naw juridical orthodoay inteads that ttie elec-
toral lew cannot be applied to contradict the Constitution. [Teat) [JEUNE AFRIQUE
No 1038 26 Nov 80 p 42] 12,116
MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS ANGER MANUFACTITRERS--The competitors of Renault, who would have
had a preference for certain candidatea for the~~ayoralty of Abid3an, are proposing
bueea with more than SO seats, equipped to reduce pollution. In order not to lose
a market ~on many yeara ago, the French company would be ready to adapt ita Saviem
bu~ea for the same demands--compatible with the needs of a city of one million in- _
habitanta which is undergoing a rapid industrial expansion. [Teact] [JEUNE AFRIQUE
26 Nov 80 p 42] 12,116
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MALI
BRIEFS
- DISSIDENTS' LEADERSHIP--Malian dissidents residing in Li.bya are looleing for a
leader. They have already contacted three former officials of the Sudanese
Union, the party of deceased President Modibo KeiCa. Despite a number of solid
arguments--including suitcases full of money--none of them has so far accepted the
offer. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 10 Dec 80 p 51]
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SENEGAL
BRIEFS
ELECTRONIC TRAINING CENTER--An electronic training center is going to be
created in Dakar. A Japanese technical study mission includinq seven
people and headed by Mr Sumio Tarui, assistant manaqer of the Technical
Cooperation department of the Ministry of Foreiqn Affairs in Tokyo,
stayed in Dakar from the 11 until the 22 November. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPZCAUX ET MEDITERRANTENS in French 21 Nov 80 p 30�39] 9294
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SIERRA LEONE
BRIEFS
BADEA AGRICULTURAL LOAN--The 8.5 million dollar loan to Sierra Leone
authorized last 26 June by BADEA [Arab Bank for the Economic Development
of Africa] (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS dated 1 August, p 1920)
has been signed at the bank's headquarters in Khartoum on 4 November.
This loan, which is intended for an integrated aqricultural development _
project, brings to 17.1 million dollars the total fi.nancial commitments
of the bank in Sierra Leone. (Text] [parig MARCHES TROPICAUX ET _
MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Nov 80 p 3100] 9294
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- SOUTH AFRICA
DETAILS OF RAILWAY EXPANSION PLANS GIVEN
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX Ex MEDITERRANEENS in French S Dec 80 p 3259
[Text] The volume of railway traffic for South Africa as a whole should not mislead
in regard to the nature of the system itself, which is little different in its ~
main features--including gage--from the other old systems on the continent. Also,
the geography imposes difficult conditions which limit capacities. The main lines
~oining the ports and the ma~or industrial or mining centers were thus, in 1975,
at saturation limit. All possible measures were taken to cope with constantly
increasing demand: doubling of lines, improvement of grades and curves, increased
. telecommunication and signaling facilities, block system and construction of new
lines, including the Sishen-Saldanha Bay.
Details of the pro3ects formulated in 1978, all aimed at increasing capacity on
lines approaching saturation, are as follows: increase capacity of the
Johanneaburg-Durban line (goal: 100,000 tans/day in 1981-1982), increase of
capacity of the Pretoria-Komatipoort line toward Mozimbique to 40,000 Cons/day
beginning this year; the same for the Cape line on which it is hoped to increase
the daily fl~w to 40-45,000 tons (in place of 30,000) solely by installing cen-
tralized fJ.ow control equi,pment. A1sA, the first phase of the Bapsfontein mar-
shaling yai~ds will soon be yielding full benefit. This new marshaling yard is an
~.mportant element in South African Railways' (SAR) strategy for improving per-
fo~mance of `h~ system.
This strategy ties in with simultaneous development of port facilities and air
transport, which fall under the same authority. The deep water terminals at
Capetown, Port Elizabeth and Durban are, or will be, the points of departure for
cargo-trains (1,600 container transport cars have been operating since 1978).
A train of this type (40 cars) was already in 1978 traveling daily between Durban
and City Deep. At the end of that year, five similar trains were put into opera-
tion.
Also needed was to undertake a major electrification program, and this has been
started. On the one hand, 2,300 km of line is to be electrif ied and 250 loco-
motives acquired by 1985. On the other hand, measures toward bigger traina
(example: the coal shipments from Vryheid to Richards Bay) composed of up to
200 cars (as opposed to 84 currently), trains with grouped locomotives and also
SAR has decided, wherever possible, to convert from 3,000 volts dc to 25 kv 50
_ hz ac. When completed, this program will reduce petroleum products consumption
~ by about 15%. Financing necessary to complete it is estimated to be at least 600
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million rand for equipment work and 300 million for purchase of locomotives. The
work schedule ie as follows: Beaufort West-De Ar (completion planned for 1982);
De Ar-Port Elizabeth and Springfontein-East London (1985).
Rolling stock will come from local railway industry, assembly in fact, whose
capacity is sufficient for the demand. For example, the contract is 1977 with
the European 50 Hz Group covering 100 locomotives provided for 40-50X local parts,
and local assembly by Union Carriage.
In respect to new infrastructure, we should point out three pro3ects, but without
being able to say how far they have progressed:
_ 1. The new line between Grootegeluk (coal mine recently opened for exploitation)
� and Vanderbi~lpark (113 km), among other connections, because it is part of the
Iscor mining corporation's program to link its production centers by rail. Work
on this line could be completed in 3 years and cost was estimated in 1977 at 41
million rand.
2, The double-track line for urban use between the center of Johannesburg (2 km
of the route underground) and Soweto township (14 million rand).
3. The short line from Vryheid to Richard's Bay (7 km; 2.4 million rand).
Plans ann~unced as of 1979 included: doubling the Mabdpane-Pretoria line (33.5
million rand) to enable increased passenger volume to a peak of 20,000 (suburban
service); establishment of a new marshaling yard at Pyramid (7.5 million rand);
quadrupling of the Hercules-Pretoria North line (already doubled) (21.1 million
rand); construction of a new station at Bel Ombre (47.9 million rand).
The investment budget programed for 1980, as always one of the largest equipment
budgets among industrialized countries with market economies, is 1.4 billion rand.
This breaks down by major categories as follows (in million rand): engine equip-
ment, 111 (2 diesel-electric shunting engines, 62 diesel-electric line engines;
- 106 electric line engines); hauled equipment, 156.5 9330 carriages and 3,045
wagons; containers, 0.7 (1,200 units). Infrastructure: 86.2 million rand for
construction of 167.2 km of new lines, a package of 186.5 million for renovation
and line improvement work and equipment, and 26 million for electrification.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1980 -
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