JPRS ID: 9363 EAST EUROPE REPORT POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 43
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVE~ FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-R~P82-00850R000300040043-7
~'~LIT ~r . _IT ~ ~
~~T~~E~ ~ F~~~ ~ ~

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL L'SE ONLY
, JPRS L/9363
23 October 1980
_ East Euro e Re ort
~ p
POLITICAL, SOCtOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
tF4U0 6/80) -
.
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
NOTE
JPRS p:~blications contain infor:nation primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but a.lso from news agency
transmissions and broa3casts. Materials from foreign-language -
sources are translated; those from English-language sources -
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
, Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [TextJ
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
_ Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with ~he source. Times within items are as
given by source. '
~
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, v~ews or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
For further information on report content
call (7031 35I-3060.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE P.ESTRZCTED FOR OFFICIAL USE OYLY. �
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
JPRS L/9363
23 October 1980
EAST EUROPE REPORT
POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MiLITARY AFFAIRS
(FOUO 6/80) -
~ONTENTS
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Former Czech (',olonel on Alleged Czech Involvement in
Terrorism
(L'EfTitOPEO, 10 Jun 80)... 1
POLAND
Briefs
Kania Trip 4
ROMANIA
Activity of Militia Criminalistics Institute
(Ion Anghelescu Interview; PENTRU PATRIE, May 80)... 5
x;
_ a _ [III - EE - 63 FOUO]
FOR OFFICIFiIa USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
C7.ECHOSLdVAKIA
FORMER CZECH COLONEL ON ALLEGED CZECH INVOLVEMENT IN TERRORISM
Milan L'EUROPEO in Italian 10 Jun 80 p 26
~
[Te~ct] Is it possible that the great puppeteer of Italian terrorism is in
Prague? And that he acts as the long arm of the Soviet Union, the power
most interested in desta~ilizing the Italian political situation, there-
- fore in keeping Italy, the advaaced bastion of Western defense, in a~state
of great weakness? This hypothesis, fram a strictly technical point of
view is believable: for 34 years, in fact, the Czechoslovak services have
been carrying out important missions on behalf of their Soviet colleagues,
who prefer to act through the var~ous secret services of Eastern Europe,
all of them tightly controlled by Moscow, a sort of "division of labor."
These are precious connections for the Soviets, especially in Great Britain,
where the Czechoslovaks were able to rely during the postwar period, and
can sti11 rely, on good cozitacts with some of the leaders of the Labor
Party. And also in the United States: the Rosenbergs, as was revealed
in 1977 by the Czechoslovak historian and dissident, Karel Kaplan, were
in 1948 already known to a Czechoslovak network which was operating in
the United States in contact with the Soviets.
Also Italy attracted some time ago the interest of the secret services of
Prague: as was revealed by:~a Czechoslovak former agent who had fled to
the West, in part, the financing of the Alto Adige terrorism during t~he
Fifties came from Pra~ue. There was an obvious interest in creating
instability in a wedge of the Italian Alpine sector that was very close
to Eastern Europe and of great military importance. More recently, there
have been visits to Prague by exponents of the armed struggle in Italy,
for instance, Fabrizzio Pelli, the terrorist who died in prison.
But why were the Czechoslovak secret services able to have precise con-
nections with Italian terrorism? And in what strategy would be inserted
the eventual Soviet plans for destabilization or, better, for contribution
to the destabilization (the substantial autonom}~ of terrorism is, in fact,
never underestimated in a country like Italy).
These two questions were addressed by us to a former colonel of the
Czechoslovak armed forces who has been for some timc in exile in Western
- 1
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Europe. The high official was never involved in operations. He was i.i-
volved in ideological problems within the armed forces. In 1968, however,
he was called to be a part.of the special office organized by the men of
the Prague Spring within the CPCZ Central Committee to revise and reor-
ganize the function of the secret services.
What interested the Dub cek group was above all a return to legality in
the work af the 11,000 agents of the security service operating within
the territory, a substantial reduction of the immense network of 100,000
informers and a progressi~ve elimination of the very close relations which
exist between the Czechoslovak and Soviet secret services in foreign opera-
tions. The official prefers to remain anonymous. We will call him, to
make it simple, "Colonel Walter."
First of all, Colonel Walter rules out with almost absolute certainty a
fact which, repeated all over Ita1y, seems to have acquired considerable
substance, if only from passing from mouth to mouth, and that is that
there exists in Czechoslovakia, at Karlovy Vary to he exact, a training
camp for terrorists: "It would be a serious imprud~:nce to create a struc-
ture of that type in a relatively small c~untry and wt~ere there exists,
even though underground, a strong opposition. Terrorists in training,
even if in small groups, are noticed sooner or later. It would be naive
to do this in the heart of Europe when the Middle East and North Africa
have offered, and r~ffer, areas which are wuch quieter and much farther
from indiscreet eyes."
What does exist at Karlovy Vary, explains Colonel Walter, is a center for
instruction in the Czech language for foreign students who are preparing
to attend Czechoslovak universities. It is in practice run, like all the
institutions of its type in Eastern Europe, by the security services:
"It serves also for the recruitment of "elements" judged particularly
"suitable." But there is nothing military, nothing which approaches
training for guerrilla warfare in all this."
About the operations possibly implemented by the Czechaslovak secret
services in Italy lately, Colonel 4lalter cannot say very much: "Even if
I had remained in Prague, even if I were a part of the new regime, I would
not know anything about these things. Iialf a dozen people at the most
know anything about them, often without each other's knowledge. These
are, in any event, games which are very rarefied and sophisticated."
What kind of action could, then, the Czechoslovak secret services develop?
"It could be, especially at the beginning, help in procuring arms. At
first, there could be simple contacts, behind which there would be the
de~ire of Prague, and thQrefore Moscow, to know in what broad direc-
tion~the men of Italian terrorism are moving, step by step. To suggest
something, to put in contact various forces of different countries, and
undoubtedly to supply the connections ~for a military training at a good
_ level, as undoubtedly some of the Ita~.ian terrorists have had."
2
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The existence of a camp in South Yemen, run by the Popular Front for the
Liberatlon of Palestine, was revealed a few day3 ago by Spanish authorities
after the arrest af four terroriets of the ETA [Basque Fatherland and
Liberty Group] who had received their military training there. "Person-
ally," says Colonel Walter, "I am convi.nced that the secret services of
the East have established precise contacts with European terrorism and
Italian terrorism in particular. For the Soviets, it is a matter, in
fact, of developing, even through the de facto alliance with terrorist
groups, a str.ategy in the confrontations of Western Europe, which has not
changed since the years of Stalin. Moscow has always consider~:~ all of
Europe, from 1945 on, as its own potenti~.l zone of influence. The Ameri-
cans, with Roosevelt, had said several times to Stalin that they would
remain on the continent at the most for 2 years. It did not happen that
way, as everyone knows. And since then, the Soviets have followed the line
of a victory "mutilated" by the American presence. In substance, they
have tried to decrease the American influence. The men who, today, still
represent such a policy are in part the very ones from the Stalin period:
Gromyko, Suslov, Ponomarev. The alliance with the terrorism of Western
Europe may be seen by the Soviets, in my opinion, precisely as one of the
necessary instruments."
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Rizzoli Editore
,
8956
CSO: 3104
3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOIt OFFICIAL USE ONLY
POLAND
BRIEFS
KANIA TRIP--Stanislaw Kania, the new number-one man in Poland, will make
a trip through all the capitals of the East Bloc countries, following which
he will present his economic progra:a. [Text] [Paris PARIS MATCH in French
10 Oct 80 p 32]
CSO: 3100
4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
ROMANIA
- ACTIVITY OF MILITIA CRIMINALISTICS INSTITUTE
Bucharest PENTRU PATRIE in Romanian May 80 pp 6-7
[Interview with Col Ion Anghelescu, chief of the Institute of Criminalistics
_ of the General Inspectorate of the Militia, place and date unknown, by
Haralamb Zinca]
[Text] Zinca: Comrade Colonel, in preparing myself for this interview, to
which you have kindly agreed, I asked myself: where do I begin? And, I
answered: Perhaps with a self-criticism.
Anghelescu: Self-criticism? You? Right here, in our institute? Why not
over at the Wxiters' Union?
Zinca: Yes, I admit that my starting with a self-criticism appears
strange. Let me explain... Ia 1952, when I was writing "Case R-16,"
my first adventure book, I was dealing with problema of criminalistics,
among other things, without having even the most elementary understanding
of this field. I do not remember how many times I told myself to visit
a criminalistics laboratory.
Anghelescu: I understand. But, to temper your self-critical zeal, I must
tell you that currently many authors of police atories do not show an
understanding of criminalistics and do not understand the ~uridic place
of criminalistics in criminal inveatigations... So that...
Zinca: Thank you. I hope that you ~gree with me that we have hit upon
the opening to our discussion. Comrade Colonel, you are the chief of
an i~stitute whose name stirs up lively curiosity. Generally speaking,
the words "crime," "criminal," "criminalistics," and "criminology" can -
make a person cur.ious. Let us satisfy, therefore, this curiosity as well
as space will permit us.
Anghelescu: Currently, criminalistics is a science. When I say currently,
I am refering to the fact that it has gone done a relatively short
dialectic path to be established as a science. The ob~ective of criminal-
istics? Allow me to re~d from the definition drawn up under the ae�i~
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300044443-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
of the institute to answer your queation: "Criminalistics can be
considered that science which elaborates and uses technical-scientific
means and methods, as well as tactical procedures, for the discovery,
determination, revelation, examination and interpretation of legal
investigations and for the carrying out of technical-scientific expertise
and consultations for the purpose of preventing and u*?covering violators
and other infractions of the law, indentifying the perpetrators and
administrating the necess ary tests to find the truth in the legal process."
As you can see, the science of criminalistics has a noble goal...
Zinca: "Finding the truth in the legal process," is a truly fascinating
theme. I remeber Vitoria L ipan in Sado~~eanu's "Baltagul," who set out
in search of the truth regarding the mysterious disappearance of her
husband, without knowing of the existence of criminalistics. .
Anghelescu: Vitoria Lipan, this exceptional symbol of Romanian women, ~
reminds us, among other things, of that historical era when the representa- "
tive of the law started wi th "empty hands'' on the complex path of establish-
ing the judicial truth.
Zinca: When did this collision between the legal activities of the police
with "empty hands" and criminalistics occur?
Anghelescu: The beginnings of criminalistics in reality means the
beginnings of expertise in ~udicial investigations, that is, in establish-
ing the truth. The idea was born in 1893 and belongs to the examining
magistrate Hans Gras. He was the first investigator who felt the need
to call upon techincal-scientific means to test the innocence or guilt
of the one suspected of having committed the infraction.
Zinca: In 1893: Hans Gras felt the need to have a technical and scientific
contribution in his work. I deduce from this that the sciences during this
era were making advances that this examining magistrate decided to put to
use in the service of justice.
Anghelescu: Exactly... First of all, psychologists demonstrated that
testimonials are sources susceptible to certain errors of perception
or to certain profoundly emotional states. Dactiloscopy appeared, with
each person having his own fingerprints. A fingerprint at the crime
scene can mean, as you writers beautifully say, "the calling card" of
the perpetrator. But, this fingerprint must be discovered, "lifted,"
studied, compared and interpreted and this operation can no longer be
done by the policemen or the examining magistrate, but by a specialist,
an expert. Later, cameras were used which, at that time, improved the
technical-scientific means in the complex process of establishing the
, truth. These means could not be uaed except by experts who, at that time,
worked outside the criminal investigation organs. From th~se notions,
6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300044443-7
FOR OFP'ICIAL USE ONLY
we get the concept of experts and expertise. We also get the beginnings
of a social activity that was, over the years, to become what we today
call the science of criminalistics. Over time, the criminal investigation
organs of the police or the examining magistrates organized their own
technical-scientific investigation laboratories for checking clues
taken from the crime scene and their own experts and specialists, with
society legally formalizing their activities.
Zinca: Does the history of criminalistics have "a birth certificate" as
a science? Is there a founder of this science?
Anghelescu: One who made an essential contribution to the founding of
criminalistics as a science was Edmond Locard. He is the one who, at
the beginning of the fourth decade of this century, put together the
varied practices of criminalistic expertise, drawing together in his
work the bases of criminalistic expertise, the methodology of extracting
and interpretating clues and the place of criminalistic expertise in
the judicial process.
Zinca: Comrade Colonel, if I did not have three decades of literary
activiGy behind me, I would take up criminalistics. I would ask you now
to tell us how criminalistics evolved in Romania?
Anghelescu: We can state correctly that Romania was among the first
countries in the wcrld that had technicaZ-scientific elements in the
organization of its police. The ruler Nicolae Sutu published in 1847
a work, "Rules That Must Be Observed in Watching For and Investigating
Guilt," where we find several rules for criminalistic techniques and -
methods. Judicial photography was used in Romania in 1879. We must state,
however, that without the creative contribution of certain important
peaple, such as the Minovici brothers, H. Stahl, M. Rernbach and others,
criminalistics in our country would not have had such an impetuous
development. In 1931, a technical-acientific police service was created
in Bucharest, staffed by specialists and experts. In 1939, the experience
of this service was generalized in the framework of the General Directorate
of Police. Criminalistic laboratoriea were created and specialists tratned. _
The greatest progress in criminalistics came after 23 August 1944, within
the framework of the General Directorate of the Militia. Specialized
formations were established throughout the country. A period of quantitative
progress followed, which, in 1968, produced a qualitative advance - the ~
Institute of Criminialistics wfthin the framework of the General Inspector-
ate of Militia.
Zinca: In other words, 12 years have passed since its creation. Currently,
what does the institute represent in our judicial system?
7
FOR OFFICIAL U3E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Anghelescu: Right from the beginning, I would like to stress the attention
and assistance that our party and state leadership has given to the
institute and its field of activity. Without the maral and material
support of the authorities within the framework of our socialist society,
we would never have succeeded, in such a relatively short time, in achiev-
ing such a substantial and efficient qualitative leap forward. Right from
its first steps, the institute was equipped with ultramodern equipment.
This supply of equipment, I would say, has been uninterrupted. I do not
want to boLe the readers of PENTRU PATRIE with the technical and scientific
names, but nonetheless I would like to note that in recent years we were ,
equipped iaith an atomic installation, naturally specifically for criminal-
istics, with a laboratory for providing identifications from sounds made
during the infractions, the so-called legal phonoscopy, with laboratories
- for anthropometric expertise and for the analysis of micro-clues through -
the use of x-ray fluorescence, and with laboratories for photagrametry,
the method of stereographic photography, and with lasers. As you see,
we are talking about laboratories with complex equipment of a highly
technical nature. For that reason, their use is entrusted to certain
scientists and certain specialists with higher training. We are carrying
out difficult and complex studies, stemming from day-to-day cases, and,
at the same time, we are carrying out on a broad front, with the help
of the must capable criminalistic officers in our country, research
activities for the improvement of Romanian criminalistic science.
Zinca: Can we today talk about a Romanian school of criminalisti~s?
Anghelescu: Categorically, yes. And, we do not exaggerate when we say that
this school, in creatively absorbing both its own traditions and world
criminalistic advances, has taken on its own clear .shape and form, with
remarkable contributions also recognized on the worldwide scale. Just
in recent years, Romanian researchers patented 27 discoveries and inventions
for criminalistic science.
~ Zinca: Comrade Colonel, would you please review some of these Romanian
conrributions?
Anghelescu: With pleasure. I would, first ot all, like to point out a
reality of which we are rightly proud. Many of these patents were made
by criminalists who work in the laboratories in the counties. For example, .
the researchers in Galati and Alba made a device for showing invisible
tracks left on rugs. With the naked eye, you do not see anything. You
woiild not even say that someone had walked on the rug and yet this
Romanian device shows you the much sought after tracks. The officers from
Braila finished a device for the development of film in daylight. The
officers from Maramures and Galati pr~~duced a method of identifying woody
materials on the basis of tree rings and structural defects. This creative
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
effort of Romanian criminalists have a single purpose: to improve
technical-scientific methods in establishing the truth as requested
by legal investigations and processes. We are bringing our significant ~
contributions to international symposia and congresses, and we are
carrying out an intense exchange of scientific information with similar
insCitutes in other socialist countries, as well as with other countries.
I feel, however, that our grandest achievement, as a natural result of
bringing together activities of the institute and oCher criminalistics -
laboratories in Bucharest and throughout the country, has been the
writing of the five volume, first Treatise of Criminalistics Practice
in Romania, an efficient working instrument for all Ministry of the
Interior personnel. So far, the first two volumes have come out and
the third is in preparation.
Zinca: I have been listening to your answer with great interest. Certainly,
any criminalistics activity draws upon the spirit of its own country. In
the world, however, and especially in the highly industrialized countries,
a scientific-technical revolution is taking place. What influence is this
revolution exerting upon the science of criminalistics?
Anghelescu: An expectedly large influence. First of all, the technical-
scientific revolution is bringing about an improvement in the content
of the science of criminalistics by requiring new investigatory techniques
at the cri.me scence and new criminalistics expertise, techniques that
must be mastered. Second, the influence of the technical-scientific
revolution is being felt in the methods, procedures, techniques and
means used in crim~.nalistics through the criminalists' adaptation of
the methods, procedures, techniques and means of modern physics, chemistry,
biology, medicine, anthropology, phonetics, information science, cybernetics,
mathem3tics and psychology, adapting them to the requirements of uncovering
violations and identifying the perpetrators.
Zinca: Thus, criminalistics science, in continuing to develop, is placed
in the position of assimilating the modern advances of the other sciences.
Anghelescu: The advances made by worldwide criminalistics since 1950 are -
spectacular, if we do not forget that up until then the technical-scientific
methods of the criminologist were limited to just dactiloscopy, traseology, �
ballistics and taxicology.
Zinca: Comrade Colonel, I think that several specific examples of new,
modern methods, presented in a somewhat didactic manner, would be of -
great interest to the readers, and not ~ust Zinca who has been listening
- wide-eyad to an excellent Romanian policeman.
Anghele5cu: I would be glad to. There is, for example, the x-ray fluroscopy
which permits the examination of alloyed metals in the case of counterfeit
money or the examination of powders and particles of glass left at the
c-rime scene, especially in traffic accidents. With the help of electron ~
9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR UFPICIAL USE ONLY
microscopes, we are studying microscopic traces of an organic or
anorganic nature. By examining a strand cf hair with the electron inicro-
scope, the expert criminologist can establish a~eries of data, including
the distribution of pigments at the cortex and their forms, the internal
structure of the cuticle, the design of the cuticle and the status of
changes in the cuticle throughout the length of the strand, the degree
of deteriorat ion and the diagnosis of the pathology of the hair strand.
Zinca: Ah ha, the classical strand of hair which, starting with Sherlock
Holmes and all the detectives and policemen invented by writers, was found
and raised high with enigmatic joy:
Anghelescu: Until the scientific-technical revolution, a strand of hair
did not tell the expert criminologist too much. Today, the expertise
reveals, if I can put it this way, the "biography" of a hair strand,
showing not only the area of the body from which it came, but also the
sex of the person and the blood type of the person who left it at the
scene. Another modern method, called chromotography, helps us to precisely
identify drugs, inks, synthetic fi.bers and the remains of a f ire, and it
helps us to identify l~ogus drinks and coffee. Soon, we will also use, as
I have said, the laser in the field of criminalistics identif ication.
Zinca: Are there within thi:~ remarkable framework of modernizing the
scientific-technical means of criminialistics Romanian contributions
designed, in ~heir own way, to advance international criminalistics?
Anghelescu: The patents that I mentioned earlier are, if you wish,
contributions of the Romanian school to criminalistics.
Zir.ca: I suppose there is an hierarchy to these contributions?
Anghelescu: I kn~w what you are asking me, but I am afraid that I
will not be understood too well. In the field of criminal phonetics,
if you have ever heard of it, Romanian criminologists, together with
_ specialists in criminal psychology, have come up with a method of identi-
fying persons according to their voice and how they speak Romanian and
a method of identifying objects according to noise. Similarly, we have
made a signif icant contribution in the ~sse of computers to identify
persons according to their fingerprints. This entire creative effort
of the institute, its specialists and our foreign collaborators has a
single purpose: to make a scientific contribution to the establishment ~
of the truth in the criminal process so that, as comrade Nicolae Ceausescu
said, no innocent person will be punished and any person who commits a
- crime will be punished according to his guilt.
Zinca: Once again, comrade Colonel, I ask that you expand on your
statement by giving some examples.
10
FOR OF'FICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300044443-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
Anghelescu: Somewhere in Bucharest there was a fatal traffic accident.
A man was killed, thp driver abandoned his car, s privately c�:*ned car,
and disappeared. The case appears simple. It is just a case of establish-
ing who owns the car. It was shown that it belonged to citizen I.N., who
dazedily claimed his car had disappeared. In other words, at first gtance,
the man appeared innocent. Nonetheless, the militia had certain doubts
about I,N.'s sincerity. The dilemma was solved by an expert criminologist.
Here is how: at the moment of car's impact with the victim, the windshield -
was broken. The broken glass should have also been thrown onto I.r1.'s
clothes. As a result, his clothing was subjected to analysis and, with
_ the help of spectroscopy, glass particles were discovered. Faced with
this evidence, I,N, admitted his guilt.
Zinca: Can you give us a more complex ~xample?
Anghelescu: Certainly, but I thought that this magazine reserved only
two pages for us, not an entire issue. Sucharest taxi driver S. was
detained by criminal investigation organs on the suspicion of having
murdered a youngster, A. from Sibiu. The driver disputed the charges,
and he asked for an investigation. Evidence was found, brought forward
and analyzed by the experts in the institute. For example, in a tub
which the murderer thought he had washed clean of any Craces of his
monsterous act, experts arnaed with ultramodern means found traces of ~
blood. In analyzing them, the blood type was established. It was
identical to that of the victim.
Zinca: Now I want to ask you for an example where criminalistics expertise
- proved the innocence of an unjustly accused person.
Anghelescu: The example I am going to give has some unpleasant aspects
- and for that reason I will present it in a succinct manner. A young girl
claimed that she had been mistreated and raped by her friend at his house.
All the data pointed towards the young man, who could not understand the
girl's thirst for revenge. He had to be tried. Several days before his
hearing, he invited the girl to his house where he had a discussion with
her ttiat was recorded on tape. His former girl friend admitted her motives
for the revenge, her desire to humiliate him and to bring him before the
law, The young man gave the prosecutor the tape, while the young girl
denied that the voice was hers. The court asked for our expertise. We
used the method of identifying a person according to his voice and way
of speaking Romanian, and we established the truth. The voice and words
belonged to the revengeful girl, and she admitted her guilt.
Zinca: hnat is the contribution of criminalistics i.n the preventinn of
crime?
Anghelescu: Naturally, one specifically. Criminalistics cannot replace
criminology, but it can contribute to the prevention of criminal acts
11
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
in its own way: video-recording and photo~raphing certain negative
;states of affairs that could become the source of certain crimes and,
naturally, identifying them, participating in broad publicity activities
and presenting certain films regarding the reconstruction of crimes,
making photographic displays of certain criminals, introducing certain
criminalistic traps Into the crime prevention system and inventing
alarm systems.
Zinca: Comradc Colonel, we are near the end of our discussion. For that
reason, I au? going to ask some quick questions. Is there any similarity
between the criminalist we see in literature, in films and on TV shows ~
and the real one?
Anghelescu: Up to a point. Currently, there is confusion, however,
between the field criminalist, who by law is charged with carrying out
criminal investigations, and the expert criminalist of whom I have
spoken about up until now and who, according to our laws, cannot carry
out criminal investigation ac~ivities. Usually, althou~h the expert
criminalist is the one who gives the field criminalist the assurances,
authors constantly place him in the same activities.
Zinca: What is your opinion of police stories?
Anghelescu: Good... As long as they present the victory of good over evil
and, naturally, maintain an appropriate artistic level.
Zinca: Is there a perfect crime?
Anghelescu: No, certainly, no. The criminal act, no matter how subtly
it may be committed, cannot hide from the technico-scientific methods
of criminalistics based upon more and more modern devices.
Zinca: Could it happen that one day the laboratories of criminalistics
will eliminate the detective and oblige the shrewd mind of Sherlock Holmes
~ to withdraw?
Anghelescu: Your questi~n is not too happily put. The ultramodern equip-
ment of the laboratory is, in essence, huma.n intelligence in the service
of human intelligence. In our case, the intelligence of the detective is
called upon to fully cooperate with the science of the criminalistics
laboratory.
Zinca: Comrade Colonel, I know that you are an assiduous researcher and
inventor in the field of criminalistics. What are you working on now?
12 ~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Anghelescu: On a study regarding the deontological code of the expert
- criminalist... a code of ethics for the expert criminalist. It is an
original work, stemming from the current activities of the Institute
~f Criminalistics. Similarly, I am working, together with a lar~e
collective of specialists, on writing the first criminalistics dictionary
in Romania.
Zinca: Comrade Colonel Dr Ion Anghelescu, I want to thank ;~ou in the
nane of this magazine and its readers for this interesting and instructive
discussion. We wish the institute new successes.
Anghelescu: Thank you. For my part, I hope you include in your future _
'~ooks this especially interesting relationship between the field
criminalist and the expert criminalist.
8724
CSO: 2700 END
13
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040043-7