JPRS ID: 9337 TRANSLATION BOOK EXCERPTS: AIR DEFENSE OF GROUND TROOPS BY Y.A. ANDERSEN, A.I. DROZHZHIN, AND P.M. LOZIK

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• Document Page Count: 66
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• Sequence Number: 17
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JPRS L/933?
S October 1980 ~
- Translation
BOOK EXCERPTS: AIR DEF~NS~E c~F GROUND TF~O~.~PS
~y
Yu. A. Andersen, A.I. Drozhzhin, and P.M. Lozik
_ `
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- JPRS L/9337
8 October 1980
BOOK EXCERPTS: AIR DEFENSE OF GROUND TROOPS
Moscow PROTIVOVOZDUSHNAYA OBORONA STJKHOPUTNYKH VOYSK in Russian
1979 signed to press 17 Apr 79 pp 1-6, 71-79, 194-226, 269-299,
300-303
[Book by Yu. A. Andersen, A.I. Drozhzhin, P.M. z,ozik, Voyenizdat,
- 23,Q00 copies, 304 pages]
CONTENTS -
Annotation, Table of Contents and Introduction i
Chapter 1: Evolution of Air Defense of Ground Tro~ps 5
Modern Views on the Air Battle 5
Chapter 3: Air Defense Organization 11
Air Defense Command and Control 11
Chapter 4: Air Defense Weapons of Ground Troops and Their Combat _
Employment 38 -
Air Defense Force Employment Principles 38
Conclusion 60
- a - [II - USSR -'FOUO]
[III - USSR - ~ FOUO]
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ANNOTATION, TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INTRODUCTION
Moscow PROTIVOVOZDUSHNAYA OBORONA SUKHOPUTNYKH VO'YSK (Air Defense of Ground
Troops) in Russian 1979 signed to press 17 Apr 79 pp ~-6, 71-79,.194-226,
269-299, 300-303
[Annotation, table of contents, chapter one part four, chapter three part
seven, chapter four part six and bibliography from book by Yu. A. Anderaen,
A..I. Drozhzhin and P.M. Lozik, Voyenizdat, 23,000 copies, 303 pages]
[Excerpts] This book sets forth modern views on Air Defenae of Ground
Troops (t~DGT) and it shows the offensive air threat, its combat employment
and air defense forces. It discusses air defense in the Great Patriotic
War and in local wars and it provides principles for organizing and con-
- ducting air defense in various types of army operations.
The book was written in a popular science style based on materials published
in the domestic and foreign open press and it is designed for Soviet Armed
Forces officers, students and cadets at military educational institutions -
. and a broad group of readers. ~
Contents Page
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Evolution of Air Defense of Ground Troops 7
1. The Establishment and Evolution of Air Defense of Ground Troops ' _
Prior to the Great Patriotic War........., 7
2. Air Defense of Ground Troops in Wor].d W-ar II 37
3. Air Defense Forces After World War II.,, 56
4. Modern Views oa the Air Battle 71 _
Chapter 2. The Air Threat 80 =
1. Tactical Aviation 80
2. Carrier-Based Aviation 111
3. Army Aviation 113
' 4. Tactical and Theater-Le~~el Ballir,tic Missiles 118
5. Drones 120
1
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Chapter 3. Air Defense Organization 124
1. Air Defense Preparstions 124
2. Air Defense Objective, Mission and Defended Assets.......... 128
3. Air Defense Requirements 136
4. Air Intelligence 145
5. Electronic Countermeasures and Electronic
Countercountermeasures 173
6. OrganYzing Coordination 185
7. Air Defense Command and Control 194
Chapter 4. Air Defense Weapons of Ground Troops and Their Combat
Employment 227
1. Air Defense Weapons of Ground Troops 227
_
__r_ _
. 2. General Firing Principles for Air Defense Systems........... 230
3. Basic Characteristics of Air Defense Systems 234
4. Combat Capabilities and Classification of Air Defense
Missile Systems 240
5. Same Information on For~ign Air Defense Missile Systems..... 245
6. Air Defense Force Employment Principles 269
Conclusion 300
Bibliography..... 302
Introduction
~
While imperialism retains its aggressive nature and with the sharp exacer-
bation in its contradictions which are a fertile environment for capitalist
nations to start wurs, there is still an objective requirement to strengthen '
- our Armed Forces.
Against the spirit of relaxation in the international environment, imperi-
~ alist nations ara continuing to build up their mil~tary strength and t~
= modernize their armies. They are significantly increasing appropriations
' for new weapons and military hard~caare research and development, including
strategic, tactical and army aviation aircraft~ cruise missiles and other
weapons.
They are increasing the number and scope of their strategic and tactical
exercises where they work out procedures and methods of waging war againsst
the socialist camp.
In this environment, the Communist Party and the Soviet Government, gui~ed
by the great Lenin's charge that "Any revolution is only worth something
if it is able to defend itself,"* view the enhancement of the USSR's
defense and the strengtheniiig of the Armed Forces might as the entire
*Lenin V.I. "Poln. sobr. soch." (Complete Collected Works), vol 37, p 122.
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nation's cause and as a most important governmental function. The new
USSR Constitution points out that "The USSR Armed Forces duty to the
people is to reliablj~ defend the socialist homeland and to be in a per-
manent fighting trim~which will guarantee an immediate defeat to any
aggressor."*
The government guarantees the country's security and defense capability
and it equips the USSR Armed Forces witr everything ~hey need.
The duties of governmental authorities, public arganizations, officials
and citizens in guar.anteein~ the country's security and strengthaning its
defense capability are set by lak*.
Recent years have been characterized by a revolution in military affairs,
a revolution caused Uy technological progress.
Fundamental changes in weapons and military hardware are bringing about
qualitatively new forms and methods of conducting operations and battles.
At present, all tlle developed capitalist countries' armies are devoting a
_ great deal of attention to upgrading ADGT systems. They are developing new
- models and modernizing current models of air defense missile and a.-rtillery
weapons, fighter interceptors and electronic equipment for intell.igence,
command and control and active jamming; they are searching for ~:ie most
rational organizational structures and the most rational methods for their
operations.
The steady increase in the role and importance of air defense is caused by
the swift qualitative and quantitative growth of weapons which use the air
space to penetrate the strike targets. Practically all types of airborne
platforms can be weapons of mass destruction carriers; a significant part
' of them are used to deliver conventional weapons which greatly exceed tY~e
power of weapons employed in World War II.
It is well known that offensive weapons development has always been in-
separably linked to weapons to counter them. The pithy saying about the
_ competition between projectiles and armor is applicable here. To counter-
balance offensive air weapons development, improvements are made to the
air defense system.
Air defense defended assets i~cclude: the country's political and adminis-
trative centers, industrial in~tall.ations, major cities and army and naval
forces.
The speci~.l features of the Navy's air defense do not require any special
explanation since the mission of shipborne air defense resources speaks
~ for itself. For air defense of ground troops and its rear area assets...,
the characteristi_c features are high mobility and a dynamic nature whieh is
~rUSSR Constitution (Basic Law), Moscow, Politizdat, 1977, p 15.
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caused by army operations in contemporary fluid operations an~ battles;
the depth is primarily limited to the I'ronts' operational areas. These
special features directly determine the nature of the missions accomplished
by air defense forces.
The ground troop and front (tactical)aviation are earmarked for actions in
groun3 theaters of operations in conj unction with the other armed services.
The large strategic formations of mod ern armies have the appropriate dir
defense f~rces at their disposal; the composition and technical equipment
of these forces are determined by tl:e fact that th~ater--level and tactical,
and only some strategic, enemy air op erations can be anticipated against
troop units and their rear areas.
Air defense is an integral part of ground troop operations. It is based on
integrating operational employment of vaY�ious forces, based on complex
modern equipment, command, control and air intelligence systems and on using
mathematical data processing methoas.
Air defense forces are equipped with multirole, mobilE air defense,
missile systems, self-propelled multibarrel~d AAA, target surveillance
radars and electronic command and con trol systems,
Modern air defense methods can only be mastered and the opportunities and
procedures for implementing them in modern warfare can only be comprehended
by understanding the principles of op erational art and military technology
which are being brought about by pro gress in science and technclogy, by
critically mastering the experience o f past wars and by skillfully trans-
ferring what is useful from this exp erience to contemporary reality.
In the contemporary environment, V. I. Lenin's instructions are especially
appropriate: "...it is foolish or even crin~inal for an army not to master
- all the types of weapons, all the mi 1 itary weapons and tactics, which the
enemy has or may have."* Therefore, it is necessary to closely follow
- the development of the art of war and military technology abroad while
drawing the proper conclusions for o ur ow-n practical activities to
strengthen our homeland's defense power. ~
Lenin, V. I. "Poln. sobr. soch.," vol 41, p 81.
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Crapter One
Evolution of Air i,efense of Ground Troops
4. Modern Views on the Air Battle
In the opinion of foreign military specialists, there are two basic forms
of the air battle:
--destroying enemy offensive a.=c weapons at their locations on the ground
, and at their locations in the open sea close to dry land (on submarines
and surface ships) and destroying storage depots and production facilities;
--destroying airborne offensive air weapons enroute to designated strike
targets and while cor~ducting combat operations.
They believe that both types of combat against offensive air weapons are
closely related and supplement each other; rhey are used in combination
and are directed toward achieving a single goal--defeating the opposing
side's air and missile forces.
The air battle is a job for all the Armed Services and the branch arms.
However, their mett~ods and ways of achieving the goal indicated ar~ sig-
nificantly different. The missile arm, air arm, artillery, submarines and
surface ships are able to deliver strikes both. against offensive air wea-
pons before their launch (takeoff) from launch sites, airfields, aireraft
carriers, tiielicopter carriers, at storage depots and on transports and
against their production sites. Extremely effective, as sho�,,m by combat
Pxperience i.n World War II, were the strikes against ccmmand and control
centers and electronic equipment. These strikes may result in a signifi-
cant reduction in the enemy's capability to conduct raids. -
Swift actions by combined arms formations and units, air and amphibious =
assault forces, reconnaissance and sabotage groups and partisan detach- -
ments to seize launcti si*_es and airfieids can significantly weaken the -
enemy's offensive air p~~wer.
Foreign military specialists assume that all offensive air weapons cannot
I~e discovered and destroy~~