JPRS ID: 9281 JAPAN REPORT

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300030001-4
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• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
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• Content Type: REPORTS

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1~(1R ()N1~1('IAI. lltil? ()NI.Y
JPRS L/9281
2 September 1980
, Ja an Re ort ~
_ p p -
(FOUO 20/SO)
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JYHS L/'~2 ~1
2 Septemb.er 1980
JAPAN REPORT
(FOUO 20/80)
CONTENTS
POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
Implications of LDP's Diet Majority Viewed
(Hideo M~tauoka; MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 29 Jul 80) 1
Komoto's Game With Tanaka Examined
(Raisuke Honda; THE DAILY YOMtURZ, 16 Aug 80) 5
Nakasone's Chances~for Next Premiership Analqzed
, (Minoru Shimizu; THE JAPAN TII~S, 31 Jul 80)......... 7
Japaneae Foreign Ministr.y Outlines purpose of Ito's Asian
Tour
~JIJI, 18 Aug 80) 11
AKA~~ATA'Editorial on Japanese Diplomacy Blue Book
(JPS, 20 Aug 80) 13
AKAHATA' Terms Constitution Revision Drive 'Dangerous'
(JPS, 21 Aug 80) 15 -
ASAHI'Welcomes Governzaent Stand Againat Conscription
(Editorial; ASAHI EVENING NEWS, 18 Aug 80) 17
'MAINICHI' Editorial Marks Anniversary o~ End of World
War II ~
(Editorial; MAINICAI DAILY NEWS, 16 Aug 80) 19
'ASAHI' Urgea Japan To Learn From World War II ~
(Editorial; ASAHI EVENING NEWS, 16 Aug 80) 21
MILITARY
_ Standardization Sought in Weapons Production
(MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 16 Aug 80) 25
- a - [III - ASIA - 111 FOUO]
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ECONOMIC
'ASAHI' Views EC's Trade Policy Toward Japan -
(Editorial; ASAHI EVENING NEWS, 15 Aug 80) 26
Japan's Economy To Grow 5-6 Percent in 80's
~JIJI, 7 Aug 80) 28
Hasty Government Policy Changes Criticized
(Editorial; MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 15 Aug 80) 30
MITI Niaps 10-Yr Plan To D~velop Know-How
(THE DAILY YOMIURI, 18 Aug 80) 33
MITI Will Revise Oil Industry Law
(MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 16 Aug 80) 35
Industry Can Overcome Any Sudden Oil ShorU:fall
- (MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 16 Aug 80) 36
'AKAHATA' Editorial Criticizes Japan's Economic White
Paper
~JPS, 18 Aug 80) 38
Briefs
China Trade 39
Nomura Branch in China 39
Aid to Thailand 40
Tokyo-Beijing Telephone Service 40
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Electronic Trsnslation System To Become National Project
(SANKEI, 8 Jul 80) 41
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. FUR UFFICL'AL US~: UNLY
POLITICAL AND SQCIOLOGICAL
IMPLICATIONS OF LDP'S DIET MAJORITX VIEWED
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 29 Jul 80 p 2 ~
["Zooming-iri' colu~ by Hideo Matsuoka: "How Will Safe Ma~ority Work?"] -
[TextJ At a party the other day, those known in the trade as "political
commentators" were massed in one~corner, engaged in idle shoptalk which
was IDore a~centuated with pessimism than optimism. The exchanges went _
somewhat like the following:
"This is going to b~ a funless world."
"You're right. When Liberal-Democrats have this much ma~ority, there will
not be much in national politics for us to write about. They are taking
business away from us." -
"When there is a government-opposition equ:.iibrium in the Diet, we can
write about a coalition potential or the need for Liberal-Democrats.to re-
- tire their old pols to be replaced by young blood. But when Libera7~-
Democrats have thi~ much edge on opposition forces, it is simply ridicu-
lous to beat the drum for such possibilities. All we may do now. is to
watch for a while how a secure-ma3ority Liberal-Democratic~ government
- goes about ita business."
"For a while? It is going to last for 4 years. That means.a greater
- security for the Liberal-Democratia regime and a greater insecuri^.y ~!n the
living of political co~nentators." -
"Voters did not have to give that much victory to the Liberal-Democratic
- Party. I thought the Japanese had an excellent sense of balance. They
have disappointed me." -
Fearing for the security of their ~ob, the com~entators were criticizing
- the,political sense of the nation which gave an election victorg to the
LDP and the threat of ~ob security to them. The conversation could hardly
qualify as an intel~.ectual diecussion.
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But the noncerebral gab had some food for thoughts. The "job insecurity"
is their way of self-derision. It indicates they were losing interest in
politics because there were going to be fewer and fewer political develop-
ments that would arouse their professionalism.
Humiliation
Commentators want political instability, a situation of such a slim major-
ity that the government party has to swallow opposition demand to revise
the budget bill, that the Liberal-Democratic members of the Diet touched
by scandals are called before the Diet committees to testify. Such humil-
iation of the majority party, which was political reality only a while ago,
was due to the party's razor-thin majority in the legislature. Possibil-
ities of a coalition were openly talked about. This was a situation that
whetted the profession~~ instinct of political coffinentators.
The "double election" ended all such expectations to the disappointment of
political commentators who were, in the foregoing conversation, taking it
out on the voters.
I do not think voters intended to give such a landslide victory to the LDP
as they did. When the issue was a cleanup of political morals, voters
could not be intentionally giving such a victory to the LDP which was
responsible for a string of corruptioii. Only, the Japanese do not want
political insecurity. They are the exact opposite of that particular breed
called political co~nentators. The Japanese have a vague fear about any
coalition that ~.ncludes part of the opposition parties whose views are not
too well defined. All that voters intended was to give a little more ma-
jority to the faltering LDP. Every voter intending to give a little added -
up to quite a bit more nationwide, leading to a landslide. Many who voted
Liberal-Democratic must now be regretting the election outcome.
- I say many must now be regretting, because the Japanese know from experi-
znce that a party with a safe majority in the Diet is bound to become arro-
gant and steamroll the legislature to suit partisan convenience. In his
- first press conference, Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki vowed to play the
"politics of harmony." Said he: "The Diet is not an institution of con-
test to be won by numerical strength. The government party must have the
tolerance to hear out the opposition where its assertion deserves atten-
tion."
This is baloney. If numerical strength does not decide, nothing can be
decided by the Diet. It is a white lie to say the Diet is not a political
forum of contest to be settled on the basis of numerical strength. A1-
though Suzuki said the government party will listen to worthy assertions
by the opposition, the LDP has abolished the House of Representatives Spe-
cial Committee on Aircraft Import in a blatant thumbs-down on opposition
dissent.
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We do not have `o be told that the LDP cares more about its own conven-
ience than about i.!~P convenience of the opposition parties. The "toleran~e
to hear out the opposition" is a matter of the number of daya the LDP will
allow the opposition to take the floor before bringing a bill to a vote.
The opposition may be given the floor 3 days, or even 4 days, but on the
fifth day a vote will decide the matter exactly the way the LDP wants it
seCtled. The "tolerance" is a matter of the extent of delay in the passage
of a bill. Moreover, what is a safe majority good for, if it does not work
this way?
Compromises
In the recent past the LDP had to settle for humiliating compromises with
the opposition parties because it lacked a secure ma~ority. It even re-
frained from introducing certain bills in anticipation af strong resis-
tance from the opposition. The inventory of such hoped-for (by the LDP)
but not introduced bills has built up. I3ow seems to be the time for in-
ventory clearance. Suzuki's "politic5 of harmony" sloganeering may be for
party consumption, but not for those outside the party. There is a good
likelihood his advertised "politics of harmony" may change into "politics
of strength" for those on the outside.
The appointment of Susumu Nikaido may be for harmony inside the party, but
is a typical show of muscle power riding roughshod over public opinion.
' Suzuki's intentions to lord it over is showing right through his sleeves
despite his preachings of harmony. The power of a safe ma.~ority will make
itself felt in such matters as a boost in the defense budget and a tax in-
crease. The nation will be regretting having voted the LDP into such a
secure ma~ority.
The nation wants the party to demonstrate the power of a safe ma~ority in
a serious attempt at administrative reform that touches the central govern-
ment offices. ~t
I hope Prime Minister Suzuki will carry ou.t a substantial reform to justify
his appointment of sucYl a big wheel as Yasuhiro Nakasone as head of the
Administrative Management Agency.
Nakasone should not complain, as he did, about the post bPing not up to
his prestige. If he does a thorough job of administrative reform that will
go down in the annals of Japanese�politics, he would be a surefire choice
- of the party for the next president, which means prime minister.
But his man Nakasone is notorious for his opportunism, and is not to be
expected to risk his career for the good of the nation. Even more unreli-
able is Prime Minister Suzuki who keeps saying he will follow Ohira's
policies in most every field including diplomacy a~:: domestic politics.
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Lacks Self-Conviction
He appears to lack self-conviction as prime minister. He did not intend
to be a prime minister, and the situation around him did not admit of his
premiership--right up to the sudden compromise among party leac~ers that
put him in the top job.
It is thus understandable that he was not fully prepared when he became
prime minister.
Once he did become PM, however, he must relate to the nation on his will
to do his job. He should know he is no longer allowed to be just a yo-yo
arbitrator, however high in political craft, which he used to be as long-
time chairman of the party Executive Council. He is prime minister of an `
economic superpower_ t'~at is Japan. He is a prime minister of the people
and for the people.
The .late Ohira loved the words of a statesman of ancient China who said:
"Making one gain is best achieved by eliminating one harm." These words
were the guiding principle of Ohira's passive politics. He seemed to take
these words to mean that removing ~ present wrong serves the nation better -
than undertaking some project that will hit the headlines. So he avoided
such headline projects as administrative reform. ~oes Prime Minister -
Suzuki intend to copy his predecessor in the handling of administrative
- reform?
During the Edo Period, however, Heihachiro Oshio, inspired by the same
words of the same ancient Chinese statesman, led a revolt in Osaka to save
the oppressed public. He interpreted the words as saying that the way of
governing a country is to eliminate what is doing harm. His rebellion was
aimed at removing profiteering merchants and corrupt administrators. For
Oshio, politics meant removing harmful presence. Putting aside the right
or wrong of resorting to force, Oshio had self-conviction about politics
and was eager to live up to it.
Prime Minister Suzuki, now backed by such a comfortable parliamentary ma- .
jority as to threaten political commentators with unemployment, should be _
ashamed of being rumored as a stand-in for Kakuei Tanaka, and should re-
solve, I hope, to vindicate himself by positively eliminating the existing
wrongs such as political and bureaucratic corruption. Then only will we
see Suzuki as a politician with the self-conviction that he mean~ to live
up to. '
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
CSO: 4120 ~
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
KOMOTO'S GAME WITH TANAKA EXAMINED
Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in English 16 Aug 80 p 3
["Political Beat" column bq Raisuke Honda]
[ Text ] ~nomic Planning Agency Director- sonal contact. so that the tete-a�-te~te has
C~eneral Toshio Komoto, an . aspirant !or ~reated deli~ste vibra.tiona withln the LDP.
the premiership to succeed Lhe iust Ia particuiar, Administrative Msnage-
launched Suzuki administration, has ment 9gencq Directar-Cieneral Yasuhiro
cauaed a ripple in the I.iberai-Democratic NaYasone, Komoto's arch-tival in his
- Party (LDP) for his recent "bettermeat $~BBle for power, appeara nervous about
of relations" with former prime minlster Komoto's qulclc approach to Tanaka.
Kakuei Tanaka. ~ Evea belore the inauguration of the
While things in the political worid are 3uzuki cabiaet, Komoto had olten expres-
quie~ with many politicians away on ~uni- desire to meet with Taaska.
mer vacation, Komoto aad Tanaka played abortive attempt to become suc-
gol! ia Karuizawa, Nagano-ken, M~onday. ~~Or to the late Premier Masaqoshi Ohi-
' Walldng on the go11 course, tha trovo re- Komoto had successfully persuaded
portedly had a good chat about various iormer premier Takeo MSYi to disband the F
polittcsl topics. Miki faction, v! which E~omoto was a
Rumor has it that they continued their senior member.
talks over a leisur~ly dinner aiter the It was obvious that Komoto did so in '
gou ga~_ the belie! that his continued affiliation
Asked later abont the "goli conierence," ~th the Miki faction, which. antagonlzed
Komoto declined to disclose what he the Tanaka raction since Z~naka was sr-
discu.iaed - arlth Tanaka. ,~S~d in the Lockheed scandal under the
According to LDP sonrces close' to Ta- M~ Bovernment, would make it impos-
naka,. t~is tete-a-tete with Komoto was sible 2or Komoto ta obtaln enough sup-
arranged by Haiime Ishii, an LDP mem- among LDP Dietmen. -
ber o! the 8ouse of Representatives and The dlsbandment of th~ Miki faction,
member o! the Taaaka faction, who was bowever, proved ine8ective in musteriug
reelected . from the same prefecture o! pro-~~~ support within the party.
SyoQo-ten as Komoto. Under the circumstances, Komoto might
I~omoto, whv Is keen to take power in well have thought it aecessary to have -
s post-8nzuki government, had asked ishii ~~t contacts with Tanaka t~ win his
bacging.
to arrange the meeting with Taaaka, who maior rival Nakasone. however,
still retains a strong in8uence over the ~d already made advances to seek Ta-
LDP, Lhe sources said. naka's strong inSuence and realize his
The lormer premier rPadily accepted ot succeeding the late Ohir~ as
the o~erture, saytng it was rather un- ~p p~dent and Dremier.
natuz~al that he and Komoto had had vir- ~ At one time during the LDP presidential
tuallq no opportunity to have personal race~ Tanka in Yact moved to give his sup-
talks despite their political careers of some
30. years, according to the aources. p�rt to Nakasone as Ohira's successor, so
The Tanaka-Komoto talks at the goli t~t Nakasone had beea regarded as the
course Lherelore marlced thelr, !lrst per- most likely candidate !br the top party
post.
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But Nakasone, and for th~t matter Ko-
moto, too, were unable to do anything
wheu "darkhorse" Suzuki captured the
poat as new party president thanks to a
quickly iormed consensu~ witMn the LDP.
To make ma~tters worse for Komoto, the
LDP presidential primary elections origi-
nallq scheduled for this autuma were sus-
. pended, thus ending his hopes oi winning
the top party post on the strength ot his
1,000,000 supporters recruited at huge ex-
_ pense.
Despite such deveiopments, Komoto _
seems determined to run in the next LDP
presidential elecLion scheduled for 1982
with his political liPe at stake, by main-
taining the current strength of his sup-
porters among rank-and-flle LDP mem-
bers.
Although Komoto is considerably ahead
of Nakasone in number of supporters ~
among rank-and-Sle LDP znembers, he
still fa1Ls behind Nakasone tn striving to
increase supporters among LDP DieLmen.
Attention is thus being locused on
whether Kamoto's approach to Tanaka
may inSuence future developments in his
long contes~ against Nakasone for power.
COPYRIGHT: The Daily Yomiuri 1980
CSO: 4120
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POLITICAL AND ~OCIOLOGICAL
NAKASONE'S C'ciANLES FOR NEXT PREMIERSHIP ANALYZED
OW010104 Tokyo THE JAPAN TIy1ES in English 31 Jul 80 p 12
["Politics Today--and Tomorrow" Column by Minoru Shimizu: "Nakasone Tested
for Next Premier Race"]
(Text] Yasuhiro Nakasone, an influential leader of the Liberal-Democratic
Party (LDP), emphatically declares his intension to work as an "ordinary
soldier" under the new prime minister, Zenko Suzuki.
True to his word, he is a~out to address himself seriously to the task of
administrative reform, an important political issue for the Suzuki cabinet,
in his position as director general of the administrative management agency.
On the surface, NakasonE's attitude would make it appear that his relationshig
with Suzuki is extremely good. But this is perhaps a too hasty conclusion
when one recalls the delicate position in which Nakasone was placed during
- the recent government upheaval.
Around the beginning of June when the then Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira
was admitted to hospital with a heart ailment, Nakasone was regarded as one
of the most likely men to succeed him, and Nakasone himself went all out to
whip up support for his candidacy within the party.
Leaders of Major Factions
One reason wl~y Nakasone was regarded as an odds-on favorite was that, except
for Nakasone, all the leaders of the five major faction~ within the Liberal-
Democratic Party (LDP) had become prime ministers during the past eight years.
For one reason or another, however, the fulfillment of his long-held ambi-
tion to take over the reins of power was ultimately denied him. One of the
most important factors was the factional power politics arising from the
reunification of the so-called conservative mainstream (Hoshu-hon-ryu-ha)
group.
Nakasone's aides were chagrined at losing this golden opportunity. Nakasone
himself answered a newsman's question on this point as f ollows:
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"Human beings ~~iove in accordance with a mysterious divine providence. In
a destiny where light turns to darkness and darkness to light, one finds
meaning in doing one's best. In terms of age, I am just over 60 (actually
62). T think it is heaven's decree that I should work a long time for the
nation and not withdraw from the front line."
Original Strategy -
Nakasone had giver. Ohira his cooperation with the presidential election two
years hence ~n view, and according to observers, he and his aides have come
round to thinking he should revert to this original strategy even though a
new situation has arisen with Ohira's death and the birth of the Suzuki
administration.
~.fter the beginning of this year, Nakasone started making overtures to the
mainstream faction through former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. In so doing
he had in mind his accession to power with the next change of administration.
Thus, in the vote of non-confidence against the Ohira cabinet last May,
Nakasone attended the plenary session of the l~wer house and cast his vote
against the motion, althvugh he belonged to the antimainstream f.action at
that time. Former Prime Ministers Takeo Fukuda and Takeo Miki, who also
belonged to the antimainstream faction, absented themselves from the session
out of "pol.itical c~nsiderations." Due to the absetice of about 70 members
of the antimainstream faction, the Japan Socialist Party's motion was passed
and Prime P1v.nister Ohira dissolved the Diet in accordance with the provisions
- of the constitution.
Ohira's Death
Nakasone's strategy fell through with Ohira's unexpected death. But he and
his aides have now decided to revert to their original policy, merely substi-
tuting Suzuki for Ohira.
However, his friendly approaches to the mainstream faction are not working
out as expected. As long as Fukuda stayed in the antimainstream group,
Nakasone could expect to wield considerable inf luence in the party. But
under the Suzuki administration, the Fukuda faction has joined the Suzuki
and Tanaka factions to form a new mainstream group, with the inevitable
result that the Nakasone faction has loft much of its influence. It can
thus be said that a miscalculation has already appeared in Nakasone's ~
strategy for winning the next prer~iership.
It can also be said that Nakasone miscalculated about his position in the
cabinet. Having shown a cooperative attitude, he had expected Prime Minister
Suzuki to reward him with an important position, such as that of party secre-
tary general or minister of finance, especially in view of the fact that he
himself was at one time considered a likely candidate for the prime minister's
job. He particularly wanted the finance portfolio.
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- what Suzuki actuall~ oEfered him, however, was the position of director
general of the administrativE management agency which, though respansible
For administrative reform--one of the big tasks facing the g~vernment--has =
been usually occupied by a pclitician of little influence, being regarded
as one of the more minor posts in the cabinet.
A member of r_he Nakasone faction expressed strong disatisfaction with this -
~ cabinet appointment. "I just can'~ go along with the idea of the boss
' taking over a post which was previously occupied by one of his followers."
_ The agency's previous director ger?eral was Sosuke Uno of the Nakasone fac-
tion~ _
' [OW010135] Nakasone was at first reluctant to accept the post. Prime
Minister Suzuki managed to flatter him into accepting it by pointing out
that administrative reform was an important "pillar" of his administration's
- policy and for this reason he wanted to entrust the joh to a man with politi-
cal acumen, like Nakasone. At the same time he promised to accord Nakasone
the treatment of deputy prime minister, Thus, in the plenary sessions of ~
both houses of the Diet, Nakasone now occupies a seat allotted to a man of
the rank of deputy prime minister.
Various Specula~tions
However, there are various speculations circulating ~n the Nagata-cho [term
for area of concentrated political power] area concerning the motives behind
the appointment of Nakasone to this post.
- One is that Prime Mi.nister Suzuki and other leaders of the mainstream fac-
- tion are aiming to nip in the bud any chances Nakasone may have of becoming
the next prime minister.
Administrative reform is a tough nut to crack. Though every cabinet in the
- past has tried to tackle it, their ef.forts have never borne any fruit be-
cause of strong opposition from the bureaucracy and from persons concerned
in both the ruling and opposition parties. It calls for an ability to make
political decisions on the part of the prime minister and the cabinet
minister in charge.
Nakasone has con.~tantly publicized himself as a politician capable of get-
ting things done, so people will naLUrally be waiting to see how much
political acument he will be able to demonstrate in his handling of the
political reform issue. If the results should fall below expectations,
his reputation as a capable politician will suffer accordingly and his _
position in the next premiership r~ce will be weakened. Nakasone can there-
fore be expected to work hard to produce results directly opposite to those -
his opponents hope for.
With his sights focused on the LDP presidential election to be held two
years hence, Nakasone is trying to step up his political activities and
- drum up support for himself within the LDP. _
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Nakasone and his aides apparently regard the next presidential election as
offering Nakasone a last chance of becoming prime minister. But whPther he
will be in a position to seize this opportunity, it is still far too early
to predict.
~ COPYRIGHT: The Japan Times 1980, -
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
JAPANESE FOREIGN MINISTRY OUTLINIIS PURPOSE OF ITO'S ASIAN TOUR
OW181511 Tokyo JIJI in English 1429 GMT 18 Aug 80
[Text] Toyko, 18 Aug (JIJI PRESS)--The Foreign Office hopes Foreign Minister _
Masayashi Ito's planned five-nation Asian tour will advance the frontiers of
Japan's Asian diplomacy, so far oriented primarily toward the Associat3on of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Ito will visit Thailand, Burma, India, Pakistan 4nd China from nex~ Sunday
September 4. This is a Japanese foreign minister's first trip to Burma and -
India in 3 years and to Pakistan in 10 years.
Ito is known to have strongly recommended the late Prime Minister Masayoshi .
Ohia to visit the ASEAN states --Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand
and the Philipp~.nes--when he was chief cabinet secretary in the Ohira cabi- -
net. Ohira died of a heart attack June 12.
This is obviously a key factor behind his choice of Asia as the destination
of his first overseas trip since he assumed the foreign affairs portfolio
last month.
The 12-day tour is also designed to underscore Japan's foreign policy attach-
ing great importance to Asia.
Thailand is the only ASEAN country included in Ito's itinerary beca~se Prime
Minister Zenko Suzuki is expected to tnur the ASEAN ~tates, possibly early
next year, during his first overseas trip since he took the helm of state
July 17.
In Thailand, he will hold talks with Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanon on the
Cambodian situation and emphasize~Tokyo's policy of supporting Cambodia's
Pol Pot regime, which was driven out of Phnom Penh by Vietnam-backed forces
early last year.
Ito.will pledge Japan to cooperate in Bangkok's plan to build new villages
to accommodate Thais who have been deprived of their living places by an in-
flux of Cambodian refugees. He will express Tokyo's intent to extend some
5 million dollars worth of goods, including bulldozers, to that end.
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He will be the first foreign minister from abroad to visit the Sakeo Camp
for Cambodian refugees as well as new model villages.
In Bangkok on August 27, he will call a meeting of ambassadors stationed in
- the ASEAN states, and Vietnam, Laos and Burma for an exchange of views on ~ -
Thailand-Laos relations and ASEAN's attitude toward Cambodia.
- In 1977, the then Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda, accompanied by the then For-
eign Minister Iichiro Hatoyama, visited Burma. Ito will be the first Japan-
ese foreign minist-c~r to visit that country alone in 25 years.
At his planned talks with President Ne Win, he will seek the nonaligned
state's view on the Asian situation, and convey Japan's intent to provide
, Rangoon with a yen loan of some 30,000 million yen (about 129 million dol-
iars) for the current fiscal year ending next March.
Japan has no major problems pending with India and Pakistan.
Therefore, Ito's talks with leaders of the Indian and Pakistani governments
are expected to deal with the international situation, such as the Soviet
- Union's armed intervention in Afghanistan late last year and the Cambodian
issue.
The Foreign Office attaches great importance to his meeting with Indian
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, which it hopes would be conducive to Japan's
Asian diplomacy in the future.
At his talks with Gandhi, therefore, the foreign minister wants to get fullq
briefed on the foreign policy of India, which is now tilting toward Moscow
by recognizing the pro-Vietnam Heng Samrin regime of Cambodia as the sole
legitimate government of the Indochinese country.
India-China relations are also expected to be taken up at the meeting.
- In Pakistan, Ito will visit Afghan refugee camps and stress Tokyo's readi-
ness to assist Pakistan bordering Afghanistan.
The highlight of his Asian trip will be the September 2-4 visit to Beijing.
A major reshuffle of China's leadership is expected at the Third Conference
of the Fifth National People's Congress to be convened late this month.
If the NPC meeting ends before his arrival in Beijing, he would be able to I
mept not only Chairman and Premier Hua Guofeng, but also Vice Premier Zhao
Ziyang, who is likely to be named successo~ to Premier Hua. !
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
AKAHATA EDITORIAL ON JAPANESE DIPLOMACY BLUE BOOK ~
OW201039 Tokyo JPS in English 0912 GMT 20 Aug 80
[Text] Tokyo Aug 20 JPS--The Suzuki cabinet on August 19 approved a white
paper on Japanese diplomacy. AKAHATA on August 20 carried an editorial
entitled "A Change Into Diplomacy in 'Military Uniform, giving a warning
to a serious change in Japanese diplomacy whicli is now taki.ng place.
"The white paper bases its argument on the sense of crisis that the
present `international order' centering on the capitalist camp is in a
serious turmoil as a result of the relative decline in the position.of the
United States in all the economi~, political and military f ields, and an
increased demand of developing countries for a'new international e mnomic
- order.' Thus the white paper draws the following conclusion: As 'a
responsible member of the international community' Japan should 'redouble
its positive and constructive efforts' in not only economic, but also
political and d iplomatic fields," said the editorial.
The Foreign Ministry's white paper on diplomacy regards the following
tasks as fundamentalfor Japanese diplomacy: (1) The maintenance of the
Japan-U.S. security treaty, and an independent effort to have an appro-
priate scale of self-defense force, (2) maintenance and promotion of
friendship with countries in the Asian and Pacific basin, (3) an increased
solidarity and cooperation with countries in the~Free World, and a practice
of "active diplomacy" from a glcrbal viewpoint beyond the framework of the
Asian and Pacif ic basin, and (4) an i.mprovement in the 0�f icial Develop-
ment Aid (ODA) as an inseparable element of Japanese foreign policy f or
the security of the country.
What should be noted most is "the open argument for a military buildup,"
the editorial stressed. "It is quite extraordinary f or the Foreign
Ministry to stress the need f or a military buildup in its official document
on f oreign policy. The na.tur al attitude of the ministry is that even if
_ it deals t~:ith the security issue it should first of all stress the need
f or a diplomatic e ffort," the AKAHATA editori~l said.
As a reason why the Foreign Ministry changes its attitude, the editorial
said, "The security and foreign poZicy line of the Liberal Deznocratic
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Party Government is being changed in substance, in face of an intensified
demand of the United States for Japan`s military buildup: beyond the
limit of the 'peaceful constitution', or the regulation 'security of the
country,' the government is :~ow prepared to play a part in the global
strategy of the United States." But "if Japan shares a military burden
equivalent to that for the United States or Western Europe, the military
- costs will jump from the present 0.9 percent of the Gross National
Product (GNP) to a huge S-6 percent, leading Japan to a big military
power."
"Within the Forei~z Ministry, work is now going on so that the Japar.-U.S.
security treaty wtll be changed in substance in a way it can be used for
the global str.ategy of the United States, beyond the regulation of 'defense
of Japan' or 'security of the Far East. As an outcome from this work,
the editorial said, the Foreign Ministry on July 27 issued a security
policy stressing the "need to increase the self-defence force from a
global point of view."
In conclusion, the editorial stressed that it has become still more urgent
to abrogate the security treaty and build a nonaligned and neutral Japan.
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
AKAHATA TERMS CONSTITUTION REVISIOIV DRIVE 'DANGEROUS'
OW210941 Tokyo JPS in English 0855 GMT 21 Au~ $0
[Text] Tokyo Aug 2I JPS--Secretary general of the ruling Liberal Democratic
Party Yoshio Sakurauchi on August 19 and 20 regeatedly revealed his _
intention to revise t~~e constitution. "When discussions are raised,
article 9 will be the focal issue," he said.
In an editorial of August 21 entitled "Dangerous Drive to Revise the
Constitution," AKA~IATA said this "expressed LDP's preparedness to embark
on literal 'revision' of the constitution, first by way of 'partial amend-
ment'." This also suggests the intention to further escalate def aato
revision of the constitution by interpretation, esp~~cially of article 9,
which has so far been pushed forward."
"The Japanese Government has come to the point that it can no longer meet
the U.S. demand with a[word indistinct] extention of the interpretational
amendment made so far to the constitution--the demand that Japan, as an
'ally' should share equal military responsibility with the U.S. West
European countries. It said:
"The participation by the Japanese self-defense forces in the rim of the
Pacif ic exercise in March this year has betrayed the long maintained
mal-interpretation of the constitution by the government that 'the consti-
tution prohibits exercise was that the Japanese warships took the role
of escorting U.S. ~rarst~ips under the unified cammand by the U.S, forces.
[as received]
"The outline of the security policy, which was hammered out by the security
policy planning conmittee of the Foreign Ministry at the end of July, set
out the policy paving a road to overseas despatch of the self~-defense
f orces. Whatever interpretation so far made to the constitution cannot
rationalize this.
"In addition, maneuvers to ideologically mobilize the people to thQ course
of arms expansion, including the maneuver to make the Yasukuni shrine a
'state-run shrine` have been accelerated, but this obviously contradicts
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democratic principles of the constitution providing freedom of creed and
the separation of administration and religion."
The ed itorial also pointed out:
"In a study meeting of the League of Libecal Democratic Diet-members on
defense held in February, a point was raised that 'it is of actual signi-
f icance to lead the public opinion bit a bit, so that an atmosnhere in
favor of the revision of the constitutior may be created and prevalent'.
We must recall this. The Sakurauchi remarks can be safely called one step
toward executing th~t plan. This is very cunning way of creating condi-
tions for th2 'revision' o~ the constitution f irst on the pretext of
~ 'partial amendment' on such items as seems not to receive so strong
opposition from the people or as is possible to entice right-leaning
opposition parties, and realizing the plan of the revision step by step.
"Initiation of the revision of the constitution needs an approval by more
than two thirds of the Diet-members. The plan of the Liberal-Democratic
Party to introduce a small constituency system must be taken seriously
in this regard too.
"The struggle to prevent the mal revision of the constitution relies on
the unity of the protest and criticistn of the broadest people," the
editorial concluded.
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
ASAHI WELCOMES GOVERNMENT STAND AGAINST CONSCRIPTION
OW191025 Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 18 Aug 80 p 5
[ASAHI SHIMBUN 16 August Editorial: "Constitutional Concerns"]
. [Text] The government's confirmation on the anniversary of the end of
the Pacif ic war that the introduction of a conscription system wanld be
unconstitutional is particularly welcome at a time when calls f or the
strengthening of Japan's defenses in peacet#m~~ need to be kept in mind.
The gover mnent's view was given in reply to a written question submitted
by Seiichi Inaba, a lower house membe~- of the Japan Socialist Party. In
answering questions in the Diet, many gover~ents in the past have expressed
the view that the introduction of conscription would be a violation of
the constitution, a point of view in which legal scholars concur. It can,
as a consequence, be said that a na.tionwide consensus already exists in
, this connection. This time, however, the Cahinet has approved an official
view which gives definite reasons why conscription wou ld violate the
constitution. This is very different to the sporadic and ambiguous
_ replies made in the Diet in the pagt, and is of great significance.
It must, of course, be said that the government's motives in publishing -
this conf irmation on the anniversary of the end of the war were not alto- '
gether disinterested. It is obviously anxious to mollify popular criticism
of the calls for the improvement.of the nation's defenses. Nevertheless,
in the light of Article 13 (dealing with the respect for the individual ~
and public welfare) and Article 18 (freedom from bondage and involuntary
servitude), the government was unable to conclude that the introduction
of a conscription system, whether in peacetime or in the event of an
emergency, would be anything other than a~violation of the constitution.
This clear statement that conscription cannot be introduced constitutes
a pledge to the people, and ~one which they should take c are to keep in
mind. This is particularly so in view of the fact that, over the years,
the goverrmient has been interpreting the constitution in an ever more
liberal. way and has been building up the nation's armaments.
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It is importaiit to note that the government has merely confirmed that the
introduction of conscripticn is impossible under the present constitution.
It has not said that the present constitution will be kept intact.
The Liberal-Democratic Party ha.s always been eager to revise the consti-
tution so that the anomalous pcsition in which Japan finds itself with
respect to arms can be resolved. In f act, the revision of the present `
constitution is mentioned in an LDP document.
- We should not overlook the fact that the calls for the revision of the
constitution and f~r the improvement of Japan's defenses are connected
with the government's statement about conscription. Since it has now been
made clear that Japan cannot maintain a war potential which would include
the introduction of conscription in an emergency under the existing
constitution, it is extremely likely that lobbying in favor of the revision -
of the constitution will become more conspicuous than ever before.
In his keynote address to a seminar on "Japan in the 1980s" at the beginning
of this year, Hosai Hyuga, president of the Kansai Federation of Economic
Organizations, asserted that the questions of substantially raising the
ratio of def ense costs in the gross national product and introducing
conscription needed to be brought out into the open. Another recent
development has been the passing of resolutions in favor of a revision
of the constitution by a number of local assemblies:which had previously
passed resolutions in favor of the gengo (era name) law. It would seem
that they are working closely together with conservative political circles
nearer the center of power.
These are dangerous signs which show that constitutional revision may very
well be linked in the future with the revival of conscription.
The reason the obvious inference that conscription is unconstitutional
under the peace constir_ution has become such big news is that Japan`s
rearmament has, as a consequence of a liberal interpretation of the war-
renouncing Article 9, made enormous progress. There must be more discus- ~
sion of how the spirit of peace, which the constitution enshrines, can be
kept alive and of how peace can be won throughout the caorld. In this
way, the goverrnnent's view of conscription can be kept alive both in name
and fact.
COPYRIGHT Asahi ~vening News 1980
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
'MAINICHI' EDITORIAL MARKS ANNIVERSARY OF END OF WORI..D WAR II
OW181329 Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 16 Aug 80 p 2
[Editorial: "Reminiscence"]
[Excerpts] August 15, 1945 was an intolerably hot and long day. The Japan-
ese people me.t the day on Southern Pacific islands, the Asian continent, in
evacuation sites or air-raid-ravaged cities.
~,e cannot apply the measures.of these days to the present days. Japan has
overcome postwar difficulties and attained a high economic growth which was
described as a miracle. At present, we do not see significant discontent
among the people.
We must hastily add, however, that we are not in a completely satisfactory
condition. The 1980's are said to be a period of disturbance. Especially,
the internationa.l situation contains many elements which may unfavorably
affect Japan's future. We have witnessed the deteriorating energy and re-
source problems, crisis of a possible nuclear war, and Soviet threat in the
free world following the invasion of Afghanistan.
Reflecting upon such international tension, voices have gained strength in
Japan calling for the expansion of Japan's military capability or further
discussion of Japan's security. Why have many people started talking about
the possible invasion of Japan by other countries or the neeessity of en-
hancing the public consciousness on Japan's security? In educational cir-
- cles, some people have emphasized the importance of education national de-
fense.
We do not oppose a spontaneous public sentiment to love their own country
and sacrifice themselves for the defense of the nation. But we now read
some theses demanding Japan's right to manufacture and possess nuclear wea-
pons while denouncing the anti-nuclear bomb movement as mere sentimentalism.
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The international and domestic situation indicates that August 15, 1980 has
a different meaning from the same date in previous years. We must remember
that today's peace and freedom were won by the sacrifice of seven million
Japanese who lost their lives or were wounded. We must hand down our ex-
perience as a precious legacy to the succeeding generations.
~OPYRIGHT: Mainichi P.aily News 1980
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
'ASAHI' URGES JAPAN TO LEARN FROM WORLD WAR II
OW181337 Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 16 Aug 80 p 5
[ASAHI SHIMBUN editorial: "The Road to w'ar"]
[Text] 15 Aug--The words "rest in peace, because we shall not make the
same mistake again" are carved on the atom bomb memorial in Hiroshima city.
They represent the feelings of the great majority of the people who survived _
the Pacific war. Every year, the days from the "day of the atomic bombing" -
(August 6) to the day the war ended (August 15) have been a time for renew-
ing this pledge. It must be the same again this year.
But can we keep this pledge in the future? Isn't there the danger of our
taking a step in the direction of making the same mistake again? There have
been a number of developments recently which arouse great concern in this
connection and we have been forced to greet this day with serious misgiv- -
ings.
Power Struggle
The principal cause for concern is that Japan is getting drawn into the
struggle for power between the United States and the Soviet Union. After the -
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan at the end of 1979, there was much talk of
the Soviet threat, and the government is now seriously considering the
strengthening of Japan's defenses. These tendencies have been aggravated
by the emergence of a government with an absolute ma~ority.
In its report on security policy, which was announced at the end of July,
the Foreign Ministry stated that, as a consequence of various developments
throughout the world, Japan needed to improve its defenses. The Defence -
Agency, tooy in its white paper on defense, said that, as a member of the
Western Alliance, Japan had to make more efforts for its defense. Partly
because of a U.S. request, it was hastily decided to give special treatment
to the defense budget and to increase it in fiscal 1981. But to become
involved in the struggle between the two great powers is to become embroiled
in a limitless arms race.
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If only the balance of power betwee.n. East and [dest is taken into account,
virtually no progress toward solving the world's problems can be achieved.
North-South relations have to be taken into consideration. There are no
problems which can be solved by military power alone, as has been made clear
in the cases of Iran, Afghanistan and Cambodia. To argue that Japan, as a `
member of the Western camp, has the duty of becoming involved in the East-
West arms race is to adopt a policy of despair. `
As a consequence of the Vietnam war, the U.S. realized that security rests
on economic develop~ent anci political stability. Has this lesson already
been forgotten? Japan, which is in Asia and possesses no resources, has -
to have close relations with the developing countri.es and, in dealing with
the problem of its security, it should think in terms of North-South rela-
tions. It should not follow the great powers which think only in terms of -
t~.ast and West.
Japa.n's Duties
Its "responsibility as one of the most important nations in the world" is
cited as one of the reasons for Japan's suddenly deciding to strengthen its
defenses. Japan accounts for about 10 percent of the world's gross nation-
al product and we must recognize that we have the responsibility to work
for the welfare of mankind. We cannot be concerned only with our own inter-
ests . -
Neverthelsss, the acceptance of international responsibility does not entail
acting in the same way as the other ma.jor nations. To continue the past
custom of following the lead of the U.S. would be very undesirable.
Japan's economic gro~th and its becoming one of the most important nations
of the world resulted from the policy of playing down the importance of
military power. Now that we have built a peaceful state, it would be absurd .
_ to change direction.
In ter.ms of geographical situation and domestic conditions, the differences
between Japan, the U.S. and the nations of Western Europe are enormous.
Consequently, it must be able to develop relation with other nations without
any hindrance. It is also the only country against which nuclear weapons
have been used, and the fact that it has definitely decided not to possess
nuclear weapons is one aspect of its very different character. It is only -
right that its defense policy should also be different.
The nature of the contrib ut3ons to the world that Japan makes should be con-
siderably different from that of the contributions of the U.S. and Western
Europe. Japan`s contributions should be of a nonmilitary nature; they -
should be in the economic, technological and cultural fields.
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The Peace Constitutian
- We should like to emphasize once again that the peace constitution is the
natural consequence of Japan`s h istory and geographical conditions. A
small country like ours, whose population is concentrated in the cities, is
very vulnerable. We have to cooperate in the economic field with other
countries, for dependence on military power would be self-defeating.
Demands ttiat Japan should arm itself with nuclear weapons and revise the
~ constitution have been increasing of late. The people making them probably
feel that the peace constitution is unrealistic. They should recognize,
however, that the pr~gosals for legislation concerning the action to be taken
in the event of an emergency an d for Japan's security to be ensured by in-
creasin g its military pow~r are even more unrealistic.
~ If a situation should arise in which any part of Japan comes under the
threat of invasion, it is almost certain that the whole of Japan will pre-
viously have been bombed and ma.ny civilians and private assets will have
been destroyed. The targets of. attacks in a modern war are not restricted -
_ to troops and military facilities. Measures to deal with an emergency which
do not take these facts into account cannot be called realistic.
The struggle for power leads to the spiraling growth of armaments. In-
creasing rhe defense budget by any great extent will mean that ex~enditure
in other fields will have to be reduced, or that the taxpayers` burden will
have to be increased. The result wi11 be far removed from the goals of en-
suring the security of the state and the welfare of its people. -
In the U.S., too, there are opinions, such as those voiced in the Glenn
report, that restraint in the area of mdlitary spending on the part of Japan
will contribute to stability in Northeast Asia. The emergence of a mili-
tarily strong Japan is undesirable both for the U.S, and Asia in the medium
term and in rhe long term. Adherence to the peace constitution will bene- -
f it, not only Japan, but also the world. Japan should do its best to make
this clear to the governments of other countries.
Dangerous Signs
The government and the Liberal-Democratic Party are talking much about patriot-
ism, security and improving Japan's defenses, and certain quarters in in-
dustry are j oining in the chorus. There has been a flurry of new develop- _
ments in the last few mnnths. Some years ago, national foundation day was =
established as a holiday, then the law concerning the "Gengo" (era name)
was passed and now there is talk of putting the Yasukuni shrine under state
jurisdiction. All these are ominous portents fmr the future.
The people of a iiation are like passengers ~Ln a ship. If the nation become
strong, they can live a very comfortable life aboard the ship, even though
- they may not be conscious of the direction in which the ship is sailing. But
,
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they should take care: the ship may be heading at full speed in an un-
expected direction.
The Japanese people paid a high price in the last world war. We should -
not forget the lessons we learned.
COPYRIGHT: Asahi Evening News 1980
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MILITARY ~
STANDARDIZATION SOUGHT IN WEAPOIvS PRODUCTION
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 16 Aug 80 p 5
[Text] The Defense Production regularly. The accord was
Committee of ihe Federation of reached in late ~Iay.
Economic Organizations Military technoiogy
~ Keidanren~ will ask Defense cooperation has been condueted
Agency D'uector General Joji on a specific weapon under
Omura to exCend the agency's licensing and techmcal as-
good office for the creation.of a sistance agreements with the
place in which American and American licenser, sach as
Japanese weapons manufac- production of the F15 jetfighters
turers will be able to hold in Japan.
comprehensive technological Quite often, however, the
interchanges on the military licenser has been withholding
high technology ~vhen the certain e:tpertise from the
Defense Production Committee Japanese licensee by claiming
Chairman Fumihiko Kono calls the periinent section as being
on the director general toward confideatial. The pertinent
the end of this month. � section is supplied by the
The Defense Production ~~icenser to the licensee as the
Committee's move stems from "black box." To ttie frustration
the panel's recognition that the of the Japanese licensee, the
up~ading of the .Iapanese number of such black boxes is
defense capability warrants increasing.
improvement in its military The Keidanren Defense
elechonics and accmulation of Production Committee is
expertise in such systems aiming this time at overcoming
engineering as comprehensive such~ frustration through
air defense system through technological cooperation on
broad cooperation from the ~ch high technology systems
American weapon manufac� engineering as the electronics
turers. of the BADGE system, semi-
automation Basic Air Defense
The Japanese government Ground Environment, and
and the li.S. government have . standardi~ation of electronic
~ reached an agreement to hold components employed in ~ the
fhe governmentat c~nsultative defense equipment of the two
meeting on military technology countries.
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~ ECONOMIC
'ASAHI' VIE~dS EC'S TRADE POLICY TOWARD JAPAN
- OW160718 Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 15 Aug 80 p 5
[ASAHI SHIMBUN 14 August editorial: "EC and Free Trade"]
[Text] As the global econocIIy deteriorates, mounting trac~ protectionism is
becoming a cause for concern. With the approach of autumn, it is feared
that the trade issues which exist between Japan and the European countries
may catch fire from the trade friction between Japan and the United States.
, The European communities plan to enter into new, comprehensive trade nego-
tiations with Japan this fall. Among the members of the EC, however, there
are serious differences over the question of free trade, and the EC Com-
mission is sandwiched between the two. The EC Council of Ministers ob-
_ ,jected to the new strategy for trade with Japan which was worked out by the
commission in late July on the grounds that it was unrealistic.
- The Council of Ministers represents the national interests of the various
- member states and, in comparison with the EC Commission, which is attempting
to improve economic relations between Japan and Europe in a reasonabl~ way,
its attitudes are anachronistic.
Since it is in favor ~f free trade, the new strategy for trade with Japan
mapped out by the EC Commission is worthy of praise. It seems that the
_ strategy calls on Japan to open up its market and lower tariffs on processed
agricultural items in return for the abolition of those of the EC's remain-
ing import restrictions which discriminate against Japan. The proposal, how-
ever, is conditional. So that those EC industries, such as the automobile
and color television manufacturing industries, which may suffer as a result
of the EC's abolition of the remaining import restrictions, can be put~:on a
stronger basis, the strategy calls on Japan to exercise restraint in ex-
porting certain items for from 2 to 4 years.
It is not only the rapid swelling since the beginning of this year of the
EC's deficits in trade with Japan and the necessity of taking countermeasures
that have stimulated the EC Commission to map out this strategy.
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In the area of international politics, the military balance between East
and West has shifted, and the members of the EC have to ensure that their
economic foundations are sound. In this process, however, each of these
nations is being tempted to protect industries whose international competi-
tiveness has dropp~d. The strong call within the EC for controlled trade,
i.e. to hold the market occupancy rate of certain imported items to given
levels, is a manifestation of this.
From the standgoint of security, however, such a policy would not lead to
the long-term strengthening of the economic constitution of these nations.
Consequently, measures to improve the industrial structure must be taken
which do not go against the principle of free trade. Since the treaty of
Rome upholds the principle of free trade, the EC Commission is duty bound
to block any attempt on the part of the member states to adopt protective
trade policies.
Japan can sympathize with the EC Commission in its quandary. The nine mem-
bers of the EC have quantiative restrictions which discriminate against
Japan for 55 items. In its new strategy for trade with Japan, the commis- ~
sion calls these restrictions the "vestiges of the 1950's" and says that
they have to be done away with. We are in comp3.ete agreement, because Japan
has been troub~.ed by the EC member countries' discriminatory actions ever
since its joining the general agreement on tariffs and trade in 1955.
We believe that the underlying reason for the failure on the part of the
EC Council of Ministers to support the strategy is its deep-rooted distrust
of Japan's export policies. In many cases, Japan's policies have irritated
the Ec. The lauching of a concentrated export offensive on European markets
after the U.S. imposed restrictions on imports from Japan is an example.
Japan should support the EC Commission in its attempts to c~ordinate the
interests of the nine member nations and to hold to the principle of free
trade. For this, Japan should show its sincerity by discussing the opening
of its market and voluntary controls on exports. Japan should also con-
tribute to the industrial improvements being made by the Ee by enco~sraging
Japanese companies to build factories and plants in Europe.
COPYRIGHT: Asahi Evening News 1980
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ECONOMIC
JAPAN'S ECONOMY TO GRO[J 5-6 PERCENT IN 80'S
OW071327 Tokyo JIJI in English 1315 GMT 7 Aug 80
[Text] Tokyo, 7 Aug (JIJI PRESS)--The Japanese economy will grow by an
average 5 to 6 percent in real terms in the 1980s with both exports and
private capital spending leading the way, according to a long-term eco-
nomic forecast announced by the Private Research Institute of national
economy.
The study says that the Japanese economy will attain an average growth of
5.3 percent in the first half of the 1980s and 5.8 percent in the latter
half.
Though crude oil prices will soar from the present $33 a barrel to $60 in
1985 and $85 in 1990, it s~ates, this would not act as a drag on economic -
growth because of the falling elasticity of energy consumption to Gross
- National Product (GNP).
It foresees neither runaway inflation nor great depression unless a gross
blunder is co~nitted in the nation's economic policy. Japan's inflation is
expected to slow down to an average of 5 percent as against 8 percent for
the United States and 7 percent for the nine-nation European Community (EC).
Japan's industrial structure will undergo a major change due to technological
innovation, the report says. The status of the machinery industry will rise
further. Especially, Japan would become a supply base of machine parts for
the world.
Comparatively superior Japanese industries will continue to strengthen their
international competitiveness, causing Japan's trading partners to frequently
take measures to restrict imports from this country.
As a result, direct investment abroad will be stepped up to replace exports
of manufactured products so as to secure overseas market, and Japanese
private enterprises will thus become more and more multinational.
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In the 1980s, many industries will show a phenomenon in which Japanese
firms will be competing with each other in the world market.
As a consequence, the problem of adjusting Japan's international relations
owing to the "strength" of the Japanese economy would become the biggest
policy issue, according to the study.
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ECONOMIC
HASTY GOVERNMENT POLICY CHANGE5 Ci2ITICIZED
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 15 Aug 80 p 2
[Editorial: "Hasty Government Policy"]
[Text] Taking special note of the ominous clouds now
threatening to darken business activities, the
government is reportedly contemplating certain
temporary measures designed to shore up business. It
is feared, however, that such a"hasty" alarmist
attitude will do more harm than good for the nation's
~~conomic clime.
It is often pointed out that the cabinet of Prime
Minister Zenko Suzuki is characterized by t~vo ex-
treme ways of making policy decisions. For one thing
the Suzuki government, as witnessed by the
~ background of its emergence, has indulged itself in
behind-the-scenes conclaves once again as though the
curtain has been lowered and the show is over.
, Decisions are announced as if no one is ailowed to
question them. In other words, there appears no room
for open discassions once a decision is made.
Another is the way the strongmen have had their
say, paying little heed to the weak. Anyone raising a
_ strong voice seems to prevail upon the rank and file
members of the government and the Liberal-
Democratic Party. Quite recently, Prime Minister
Suzuki, ~Iinister of International Trade and Industry
Tanaka and Director-GeneraI Komoto of the
Economic Planning Agency allegedly conferred
among themselves on ways and means to cope with
the nation's economic affairs. Their views were
somewhat coupled with the persistent demand of the
business world for government measures to revitalize
the economic performance. It appeared that they
- we~e in accord in recognizing the need to carry out a
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policy change as soon as possible, giving special
importance to a~change aimed at enconraging
business rather than one designed to stabili2e com- ,
modity prices. A U-turn in policy is evidently in the
offing.
The Suauki government from its outset publicized
its slogan "Politics of Cooperation and Adjustment."
but this does not mean unquestionable aeceptance of
demands from the strong. tiVe hope that they will have
_ the wisdom and courage �o listen to the small and
gentle voices while keeping the strong under control if
Such is judged to be in the best_interests of the nation.
If they should change a policy and give top
priority to business reinforcement, we would call it a
hasty adjustment without vision.
It is true that dark clouds are looming, and
judging from individual spending, exports, housing
construction and bankruptcy trends, there are some
ominous signs pointing to a decline in business. In-
dividual spending, for instance, is at a standstill. But,
this is only a passing phenomenon, resulting largely
from the cool svmmer and the small increase in
bonuses. If the rise in commodity prices is kept under
control, we believe business is certain to recover in a
- steady manner.. ~
There is nothing definite about the future trends
- of individual spending. However, if commodity prices _
that have appeared stabiliaed for some time should go
up again this fall, any. propensity for spending will be
_ dampened completely. The rise in~ commodity prices
usually slows down consumer spending. In this sense,
we must make efforts to, prevent an,. occurrence of
such a situation..
~ In other words; the basic policy t~ stabili2e
commodity prices must be maintained by all means
in order t~a minimize a decline in business per-
formance. �
Wholesale prices reached their peak in ~July,
while ~ commodity prices are expected to gradually
� stabilize in August and September. The situation,
however, does not warrant optimism judging from
the movement of the yen-dollar exchange rate and
international commodity markets ~ as well as oil
prices. If the government changes its policy and gives
priority to business activities rather than the
stabilizatior~ of commodity prices, then prices are
certain to go up. .
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~ � The people's income in real terms, which has
been on the skids, will then be further decreased and -
the individual spending trend will be completely
frozen. Since individual spending occupies more than
half the total demand in the nation, the national
economy and business will be dealt a severe blow if
the people become hesitant to spenc3 their money.
We are not against the proposed lowering of the
discount rate on a small scale or the updating of
public works, but business adjustment must be
eonducted within the basic policy of restraining a rise
in commodity prices.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
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ECONOMIC
MITI MAPS 1(~-YR PLAN TO DEVELOP KNOW-HOW
Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in Engliah 1 8 Aug 80 p 2
[Text] "Fine ceramice" are glase, china and procelain whicY~ have been
strengthened for use in the nuclear energy, space exploration, ocean de-
velopment and geothermal power generation fields, in the manufacture of
automobile and afrcraft engines and in other industries.
These c~ramics, which have a high resistance to heat aad corros~on and can
be insulated more easily, can be used in place of inetals in various indus-
tries and fields.
Since ceramics are normally fragile, scient#sta are trying to find ways to
strengthen these qualities.
The agency will launch its 10-year plan at the beginning of fiscal 1981 in
, April next year and complete it in the spring of 1991.
The agency gave the fol- ternational sitnation mark- Besides 't8e developaient
lowing two reasons for its ed by a shortage of oil sup- of Sne ceramics, the plan
deciston to carry out the p1~es, Japaa should develop entails t~e development o!
� plan: and possess 1ts own fndus- Eechniqttes, to use btotech-
� 'The race' amoag advanc- ~al techni.ques. �
- ed conntrles to develop The amount of money nology in varlous indus-
new industrial techniqnes is spent in Japan in the de- tMes.
expected to be intensiSed velopment of industrial u the techniques to use
further in the years ahead techniques is smaller than ~~oscopic organlsms by
and. this makes it neces- that in any other advanced ~~pulating genes are de-
~ saxy for Japaa to develop . country. � veloped, it will become pos-
its own techniques insLead '.The government provid~s s~ble to improve Lhe ef-
of importing techniques only ala~ut one-fonrth oi adencq oi agents used iri
from loreign countries. the money spent !or the the fermenting a~id chemi-.
� Sq possessing new indus- development oi lndustrial , cal indt~tries and ia clean-
trial technlques of its techniques in Japan, Whi~e ~B the. nstural environ-
own Japan can increase its the governments oi other ment.
bargaining power toward advanced countries furnlah It will also make it pos-
deveioping countries with about hali of - the money sible te mass-pmduce anti-
vast natnral resources and used !or the sa~ae purpose Wotic� aubetances, which at
this will serve to ensure the ~ those couatries. P~nt caa he produceti
ecanomic securlty of Japaa. ~TI inbends - to a~- a~Y the. bodies oi living
11~TI'9 Industrial Struc- celerate the government's ~t~s�
ture Coun~;il . pointed out in pa~~pa~~ ~~e devel- This, in trxn, wlll help
. its report last spring. that ~questth~rtough~theald
y
ar but~hig
y eSte
ti
ei medi
in vlew of the stringent in- pro~~ cittes and in the tise~ oi
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antibiotfc substances W
eliminate pollntants ia
aoastewater, improve the
quality oL agricultural prod-
ucts and turn garbage into
fertilizer. and produce al-
cohol.
:KITI will coatract private
campaaies to develop such
uew industrial ~ techniques
with the caoperation of sci-
entists aad the government
seientiSc research institutes
and experimental stations. '
- COPYRIGHT: The Daily Yomiuii 1980
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ECONOMIC
MITI WILL REVISE OIL INDUSTRY LAW
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in Engllsh 16 Aug 80 p 5
[Text] The International Trade and crude supglies wi.li be
Industry I4Iinistry pians a inevitabM.
drastic revisioa oE the prese~t Regional selectioa of oil
Petroleum Indnstry Law ~o refiners for specific oil
make it match a new world oil
situaEion. ~~g ~t~ ~y ~
Far this purpose ihe~ministry considered in revising the
will create within itself a task ~~ing law, the officials said.
force to review the law which P~t ~ oNy oil ref'mers
was ertacted ~ ia ~ 1962 when ~e right to itnport oil
pleRtiful oil supplies were Wb~7e trading.corporatiaas act
assured. ~ ~ for tl~em for part of Japanese oil
The law provides for ~Pa~� ~
government controis wer the Trading companies hope that
oil industry covering licensing they will be authorized to im-
of refinery planEs, uaports a~ Port o~ as refiners are. Trading
sales ot crude oil and od now ha~dle oae~third of
products. the.nation'sa~ imports. ~
The ministry iatends to en- ~~y~g law is not
force the revision in fiseat 1982 adeq~ate to cope with imports
if possible. Officiats believe of oil products from Froducm8
priotity in t~e revision should countries or refining crude oil
~ be placed oa crude oil itnports on behalf of producing coun-
in the 1980s wden a shoctage of tnes, the officials noted.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
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ECONOMIC
_ INDUSTRY CAN OVERCOME ANY SUDDEN ~IL SHORTFALL
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS i~ ~nglish 16 Aug 80 p 5 _
[ Text ] The fortitude the Japanese report warr~.;d, pointing to the was in the initial phase of ex-
economy has displayed in the deflationary impact ~ow visibly pa~sion:
past year has made it clear o.vershadowing econ~mic It went on to analyze that
Japanese industry has bvilt up prospecis. �spending,by the privat~ sector
sirong resilience and flexibility ~orldEconomy Aid on .ne~r plants and equipment
io deal with a sudden shortfail ~1~ year's white paper is as the prime mover for
in global oil supplies: ~ a the self-propelled, sustained
characterized by the govern-
Frida~ent whi~e paper said ment's strong proposition that ~'owth.
y the Ja anese econom , as that ~ y
Despi?e the second oil crisis of P Y Moneta Polic Shift
daubled prices in 19i9, Japan's of an advanced natioa, should
economic activitr stayed on the contribute to the expansion of The paper also praised the
upturn over the past year. the~ world ecosomy,in .pmpor- ~~timely" shift in monetary
providing evidenee of the tion to its str2ngih and poten� policy from. contingency ,
resilience of the economy, the tial. . measures to demand conF.rols.
goverament said in the annual Apparently well conscious of which it said have guided the
white paper on ihe national the ci~ificance
S?f the repart economy successfully in the
economy. . coming at the start of the 1980s, desired direction, providing
The paper repnrted that a the government called on the evidence of the effectiveness of
revival of stock-bailding by nation to follow the path as the goverament policy strategv..
bnsiness provided a main im- reyuired. of ."the advanced On the price front, the paper
petus for the economic upturn. Japan." accepted that wholesale prices
Lower.price increases than in The economic upturn stayed galloped ahead, fueled by the
other, natians~ and an im- solidly in place despite a sharp nse in oil prices and the yen's
provement in employment also ~~P ~?~oil prices.in~1979-80, the depreciation m re}ation to the
pmved to be major necessary p~r noted. The economic U.S. dollar which made iinports
support for tfie soiid expansion, impact of tiie latest oil crisis more espensive for the nation.
- itsaid. ~ was significantly~ more Consumerprices.oatheother
Subtitled "3apan as an ~in- moderate than the first one in hand. edged higher slowly, the ;
dustrial nation faced with 1973=r4, it said. ~ ' paper said, thanks lar~ely to ;
challenges and problems." the The impact was minimized imprnved productivity and a ~
report for 19i9~80 anderlined the because the rise in oil prices moderation in wage iaicreases. ;
overriding need to maintain the was staggered over several The price performance was _
sustained growth of the sma}lincreases,.itsaid. significantly better in Japan
economy by stabilizing prices. As nther major factors, the than in other industrial nations.
The full effect of oil price paper cited oil-~onsuming thereportsaid.
increases remains.yet to be felt nations' calm response ~to. the The report, nevertheless,
on the cortsuzner level in the rise and Ehe timing of the pnce ~~ded a cautious note on
form of higher retail prices, the markup which came at, a tirr~e p~~ts for � the rest of the
Khen. the Japanese economy ~~t fIscal year.
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.
Consumer prices have been -To deal on its bwn with o~l
rising at an accelerating rate supply restraint, abrasive
since the siart of the year, it economic relations with other
warned, pointing to a decline in nations and changing in-
real disposable income, ternationalsituations;
reactionary falls in produ~tion -To better utilize resources
and commo~ity market pr;ces oE the private sector of the -
-~j from speculative demand- economy such as mechanical _
_ induced rises and production and technological innovation
cuts in cagital goods industries. and a high rate of savings, and �
The economic upturn has began -To positiveiy adjust to
losing momentum, the rEport structural changes in labor _
said. forces and other economic and
The ~vorsening re~ession in social activities.
the linited States, the restless The Sa~-page white paper was
oil situation and other difficult approved at a cabinet ineeting
policyproblems lying ahead are FFiday.
. adding tn the above adverse It was submitted by
effects, it added. Economic Planning . Agency
Director General Toshio
Prices, Growth Komoto for review by his
The paper inaintained that ~~~net colleagues.
the most important tasks for cThe gist af the paper will
_ economic planners are to appear on this page next
stabilize consumer prices and week.-Editor)
mainiain the sustained growth '
of the ecuaomy.
The analysis of the present �
' yituation shows that Japan has
nearty caught up with the
Lnited States and West
European nations in the degree
of industrialiaation. it said.
.The realization of the -
situat~on dictates this nation to
assume self-motivated~ policy
and responsibilities, the paper
continued, stressing the view
that Japan's growth~oriented
policy efforts will contribute to :
giobal security.
On the basis of such ~
recognition. the white paper
called on the nation to exert
ef torts:
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
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q
~ ECONOMIC
'AKAHATA' EDITORIAL CRITICIZES JAPAN'S ECONOMIC WHITE PAPER
= OW181025 Tokyo JPS in English 0914 GMT 18 Aug 80
[Text] Tokyo, 18 Aug JPS--The government acknowledged the "economic white
paper" submitted by the Economic Planning Agency on August 15. AKAHATA took
this up on August 16 in its editorial entitled "Black Paper Closing the Fu-
- ture of Japanese Economy." The editorial said:
"The economic white paper's most conspicuous character is that it puts stress
on the international role to be shared by Japan as an economic big power,
from the viewpoint that ~apan's econoiuy is excellent. This means Japan is
going to assume further share in the U.S. world strategy in the sphere of
economic policy, too.
"This will more and more closely shut off the road for the independent and
_ democratic development of the Japanese economy, and will inevitably destroy
the living and the business of the working people, with the crisis in energy,
and financial, high prices, the uneasiness in employment, and increasing
bankruptcy, and further deep and crisis in the national economy. [sentence
as received] ~
i
"The course aimed at in the white paper should be said as dually anti-people,
on the point that it will aggravate the stagflation of simultaneous progres-
ses of thz high prices and the recession, by worsening the conditions of
the people's living and business, and by degenerating the individual con- ~
sumption, while calling it 'the ordeal and task of the advanced country
Japan', and also on the point that Japan will take a heavier burden in the
dangerous U.S. glob al strategy. ~
"As the Japanese Communist Party has repeatedly said, the genuine reconstruc-
tion of the Japanese economy lies on the course for a fundamental change in
policies, such as the financial and economic policies giving.priority to
the improvement of the people's living, including the stability of prices,
~ and impravement in welfare, the establishment of an independent economic
basis, and the promotion of a non-aligned neutral dipi,omacy." '
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ECONOMIC
BRIEFS
CHINA TRADE--Japan's steel exports in the first half of 1980 decreased by
1.65 million tons to 1.43 million tons, and the proportion of steel exports
to Japan's total exports to China dropped to 33.7 percent from 53.8 percent
during the corresponding period in.1979. On the,other,hand, exports of con-
struction machinery registered a.64-percent increase while exports of, color
televisian sets, textile~machinery and communication equipment increased,
35.3, 4, and 2.7 times respectively over the sa~e period in 1979. In .the
first half of 1980; 3ap.an imported 3.47 million tons of petrole~m, an.in-
crease of 30 percent over a qear before. Oil imports accounted for 42.4
percent of total imports. In tbe same period, imports of petroleum products
such as gasoline, light oil increased; and imports of synthetic-fiber.shirts
increased fr.om 111,OOO.dozen to 286,000 dozen while imports of trousers
_ and shorts increased from 200,000 dozen to 340,000 dozen. In the first
6 months of 1~80, Japan exported 487.8 billion yen worth of goods to.China
and imported 465.7 billion yen worth of goods from China; the twoJway total
reaching 953.5 billion yen. In terma of yen, Japan's total expo.rts to.China
in the first half of 1980 increased by 14.2 percent over the same period in
1979, its total imports by 72.9 percent, and the two-way total by 19.6 per-
cent. [OW170626 Tokyo SANKEI SHIMBUN in Japanese.l2 Aug 8(3 Morning Edition
p 3]
_ NGMURA BRANCH IN CHINA--Nomura Research Institute of Technology and Economics
is to establish a branch in Beijing under an agreement reached with China
International Trust and~Investment Corporation in late July. The ti~.to
open the branch has not been set yet owing to the failure to select a suit-
able site. The institute is a member. of the Nomura group led by Nomura
securities, and the opening of its Beijing brsnch will pave the way for
Nomura securities to do business in China. The branch will exchange. informa-
tion with China and play an intermediary role for Japanese firms desiring to
par.ticipate.in ~oint ventures with China. [OW100047 Tokyo MAINICHI SHIMBUN
in Japanese 6 Aug 80 Morning Edition p 8J
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I
AID TO THAILANI)--T~kyo, 8 Aug (JIJI PRESS)--The government Friday decided to '
extend an aid grant of around $5 million to the Thai Government to help it i
construct new villages for Thai inhabitants near the Cambodian border. i
Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ito will promise this to Thai Prime Minister Prem ~
Tinsulanon at their meeting in Bangkok August 25. Ito will leave here ~
August 24 for a 13-day tour of five Asian nations--Thailand, Bangladesh, ~
India, Pakistan and China. This is the first foreign assistance for the ~
Thai people whose houses and farms have been damaged by the influx of Cam- i
bodian refugees. The government's decision is based on a report from its ,
survey team, which has been in Thailand since late last month. [OW100050
Tokyo JIJI in Engliah 1300 GMT 8 Aug 80] ,
TOKYO-BEIJING TELEPHONE SERVICE--Tokyo, 15 Aug (JIJI PRESS)--Japan and China
will partially automate international telephone services between Tokyo and ,
= Shanghai by the year's end and those between Tokyo and Beijing (Peking) with-
in next year. This was disclosed by President Motoichi Masuda of Kokusai
Denshin Denwa Co (KDD), Japan's overseas telecommunications monopoly, who
recently returned home from a trip to China, where he met with officials
of the directorate-general of telecommunications, the posts and telecommuni-
cations ministry. The Tokyo-Shanghai services will totally be automated by
the end of next year, he said. Masuda said China will shortly extend its
_ telex services to Dalian, Qingdao, Nanjing and Hangzhou. It was decided that
Japan and China will positively expand circuit leasing services and set up
new circuits, he said. The twa sides also agreed to discuss introduction
of such new services as internatonal facsimile telegraph services and inter-
- national data telex services between the two nations. Besides, they also
agreed on an annual exchange of employees, including operators, Masuda
added. [Tokyo JIJI in Englihs 1431 GMT 14 Aug 80 OW] -
CSO: 4120
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONIC TitANSLATION SYSTEM TO BECOME NATIONAL PROJECT _
Tokyo SANKEI in Japanese 8 Jul 80 p 3
[Text] The Ministry of International Trade and Industry [MITI] on the
seventh [July 1980] revealed its plan of under.taking a national project
to develop a computer-based electronic translation system for practical
utilization in the 1990's and to embark on its development in fiscal
1981. The period of developmeat will be from 6 to 8 years. The cost of
the pro3ect is estimated to be 30 billion yen.
This system will consist of a large-model computer which will be stored
with words, rules of grammar and sentence structure, and which, upon com-
prehension of the meaniiig of the sentences, will translate into a foreign
language; a terminal unit to receive sentence ingut;. a storag~ unit to
serve as a dictionary; an appaxatus to process homonyms; an apparatus that
' would print out the translated text, among others.
With this system, it is reported that not only can the enormous volume of
foreign information be read in Japanese immediately, but also a Japanese
text can be translated into a foreign language and with the development of
a voice input device, participants at an international conference can con-
uerse in their respective native languages.
At present, machines capable of making simple translations are sold on the
market, but the subject system will not only permit conversation with the
computer in spoken language, but because it is equipped with hypothetical
and perspective functions which computers hitherto did not possess, it
will be a genuine "thinking machine." MITI has designated the 1980's to
be the "era for the intensification of creative knowledge" and its central -
issue will be to pave the way to formulate a policy that nurtures and
strengthens the information industry. On technical development, MITI is
about to engage in the development of "the fifth generation computer" _
which is heralded to be the.computer for the 1990's, but because the sub-
3ect system has to incorporate computing and processing methods th$t are
totally new, MITI`s forecast is that the technology under development
will be tied in with the fifth generation computer.
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l~~)!~ ~11~1~ 1(:lAl, USIi t1N1~1`
Development of related systems, such as the EC's 5-year EUROTRA plan which
- was begun this year, has already been undertaken in foreign countries. The -
EC plan is based on an official document signed by six countries thus far -
and firanslation costs alone will mount up to several billion dollars a
year. Unlike EC countries whose languages are similar, the situation in
Japan is more complex. Japanese profess "finding foreign languages to be
difficult" but MITI has stressed that "interchange with foreign countries
is ever increasing and so the Japanese cannot afford to be withdrawing
forever. Development is necessary for the smooth conduct of international
~xchange."
The above is not the only reason. If the EC should perfect a system and
obtain the patents, Japan will be stymied in its technical development
program. If on the other hand Japan should complete its system sooner,
the translation of foreign languages will contribute to the future growth
of the leading export goods. From this standpoint, therefore, it has been -
agreed that it is necessary to accelerate the development timetable.
COPYRIGHT: Sangyo Keizai Shimbunsha 1980
9510
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