JPRS ID: 9204 USSR REPORT CYBERNETICS, COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9204
23 July 1980 .
USSR Re ort
p
= CYBERNETICS, COMPUTERS AND _
- AUTOMATION TECH NOLOGY
CF OU O 12/80)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9204
23 July 1980
~
USSR REPORT
C YBERNE7ICS, COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATIaN TEGHNOLOGY
(FOUO 12/80)
CONTENTS
HARDWARE
Res earch and Development of Hybrid Computer Systems With a
Hierarchical Structure (The "Rusalka" Project) 1
Combination Circuit Realization by Automatic Microprocessor.... 3
Sel ection From the Journal 'Automatic Control and -
Computer Hardware' 5 _
Expansion of Functional Possibilities of Superlarge Integrated
C ircuits Memory (Capacity Over 4 kbits) as a Method for
Zmproving Parameters of Semiconductor Memories 9
Model of a System for the Integrated Automation of Large
- Research Installations on the Basis of a Network of
M inicomputers 11
Au t omating the Designing of Large-Scale Integrated Circuits
With Due Considerat3on for the Optimum Distribution of the
P ower Resource 12
An Approach to Automating the Circuitry-Engineering Planning
o f Microcomputers 13
Computer Systems With Programmable Structures 14
SOFTWARE -
. St ructure of the Main Translator and Loader of the TUl System
f or Designing Translators 15
- Inf ormation System Languages 16
Problem-Oriented Means in the Kobol Language 23
Ab s tracts From the Journal 'Programming' 26
- a- [III - USSR - 21C S&T FOiJ~,
FnR (1FFTf~Ta r. rTC~ nrTr v
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A System That Formulates Concepts and Reveals Objects,
Properties and Relationships in Complex Contexts 30
Libr~ry of IDA Archive Programs 31
Dialog Applied Programs in the SETI2 Language 32
� Multiprocessor Systems With a Distributed Memory, General-
Purpose Co~?utation and a Programmable Microprocessor
Structure...........~ 33
- Programming in the Lar~;~uage INKOM 34
On the Question of the Machine Synthesis of Tests of -
_ Digital Large-Scale Integrated Circuits; Machine Methods _
of Syntnesizing Circuits 35
On One Approach to Minimization Algorithms for Incompletely
Determined Boolean Functions and Its ppplication to the '
Coding of Programmable Logic Matrices 36
- Development of Fragments of the Design of Analog-to-Digital
Devices on the Basis on a Structural-Design Approach......... 37
Mathematical Model of the Structural-Design Planning of
Analog-to-Digital Devices 3$ -
- Hybrid Differential Methods for Finding Extremes 39
Parallel Methods for Solving Boundary-Value Problems in
_ Field Theory 40 ~
Microprocessor Modeling of Multiphase Filtration Problems...... 41
Theoretical-Numerical Properties of Biquadriplex Numbers....... 42
Comparison of the Rate of Convergence of the Solution of
Systems of Algebraic Equations on Sequential Parallel
Computers 43
On One Method for Modeling Complex Logical Nets 44
List of Soviet Articles on Algorithms and Programs 45 -
Computer Methods and Programming 50
- b -
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Computer Solution of Shell Theory Problems 54 -
Methods of Spline Functions (Computing Systems) 55
Optimization of Computations 57
- Problems of Convex Analysis and Theory of Extremal Problems... 59 ,
APPLICATIONS
Computer Registration and Processing of Physical Information
Obtained at the Tyan'-Shan' Integrated Installation for the
Study of Extended Atmospheric Showers of Cosmic Rays........ 65
Multiple Use of Computers 66
Calculating Numbers of Maintenance and Operating Personnel for _
Auton?ated Systems for the Control of Technological Processes
and Production 73
Processing ~he Results of Biological Experiments on the
"Elektr~nika. B3-21" Microcomputer 79
Magnetic Tape Service Organized for Computer Centers.......... 83
ASINIT-2: Software and Hardware of Remote Processing
~onditions 86
Organization ar.d Functioning of a Computer Center 89 -
Governmental Administration Simulation Games and Automated
Control Systems ........................a,................... 92
Problems of Developing an Automated Contral System for the
Chemical Industry 97
Organization of the "ASU-Stroybank" 99
PUBLICATIONS
Computer Technology of the Socialist Countries 101
- Computer Technology of the Socialist Countries 103
Computer Technology of the Socialist Cc~untries 109
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Research in Computer Z'echnology 112
Abstracts fram the Journal 'Physico-Technical Fundamentals
of Computer Technology. Works of the Moscow Power
Engineering Institute'.. 113
- . Modeling of Technological Preparation of Production
(Methodological Materials) 120
Optimal Systems..~ 121
Algorithmic Problems of Theory of Languages 122 _
Application of Mathematical Methods and Computers to Design
- and Operation of Pipelines for Petroleum Products.....~....� 123
Automation of Design, Manufacture and Test of Integrazed
Circuits.....~ 124
Analysis and Computer Software 125
Methodological Questions in the Construction of Autamated
Control Systems 126
Optimal Planning of Continuous Production 127
Automation of Transport Vessels 128
_ Automated Construction Control Systems 130
Automate3 Construction Control Systems 132 _
Works of the Order-of-the-Red-Banner Institute of Applied
Geophysics: Techniques for Conducting Rocket and Satellite
Investigations in the Upper Atmosphere 139
Modeling Information Interaction in a Geophysical Information ,
Collection and Processing Center With the Help of the
Specialized Language SOL 139
Mathematical Model of an Information Exchange System.......... 140
- Principles of the Creation of Large Automated Control Systems. 141
- Artificial Intelligence 148
Soviet Dissertations on Computer Technology 150
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HARDWARE
UD~ 681.34
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID COMPUTER SYSTEMS WITH A HIERARCHICAL
STRUCTURE (THE "RUSALKA" PROJECT)
Moscow INFORM. MATERIALY NAUCH. SOVET PO KOMPLEKS. PROBL. KTBERNET. AN SSSR
- [Informational Materials Fro~ the Scientific Council on Complex Problems of
Cybernetics, USSR Academy of Sciences] in Russian No 2/109, 1979 pp 9-15
KOGAN, B. YA.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, AVTOMATIKA, TELII~IEKHANIKA I VYCHISLITEL'NAYA
TEKHNIKA IVo 3, 1980 Abstract No 3B841 by V. V. Manilov]
[Text] The author describes the new demands made on computer systems by
automatic control technology. He gives a brief description of the func-
tional advantages of hybrid computer systems and the prerequisites for re-
alizing these advantages. He also lists the features of third-generation
hybrid computer systems produced abroad. There is a detailed explanation
of inethods for increasing the productivity of hybrid computer systems and
the author shows that the single-level structures used in foreign hybrid
camputer systems are not promising for general-purpose, high-productivity
' hybrid camputer systems. A more eff ective approach is the creation of hier-
archical hybrid computer systems with distribution of the analog computer
control functions, the conversion devices, and the external equipment operat-
ing in real time between two or several digital processors. The author gives
~ a detailed description of the structure and technical characteristics of the
"Rusalka" hybrid computer system, whi~h was developed on the basis of re-
search results and has two hierarchical control levels. The essential fea-
ture of this hybrid computer system's equipment is the introduction of ad~i-
tional units for connecting the digital computer's channel to the analog
computer and the com~ersion and coupling unit. A hybrid computer system
provides a high operating speed and a comparatively high accuracy of solu- _
tion for a wide class of scientific and technical problems relating to the
modeling of complex dynamic systems. It is possible to connect to it actual
equipment and channels of the SAMAS type. The author also points out other
features and advantages of the "Rusalka" system. In the digital part, an
upper-level M-4030 processor (or an enlarged Nairi-4 complex) and a low-level
M-400 processor (or an SM-3, SM-4, or basic Nairi-4 complex) are used. In
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the analog component there are 220 linear and 48 nonlinear solving elements,
80 parallel logic elements, 30 switching elements and other equipment. The
author describes several ~f this hybrid computer system's blocs and its pro-
gramming facilities. He also lists the problems on which it was tested and
_ its actual advantages. References 7.
[309-11746] -
COPYRIGHT: VINITI, 1980
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COMBINATION CIRCUIT REALIZATION BY AUTOMATIC MICROPROCESSOR
-
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 3 1980 pp 9, 10
- [Article by Candidates of Technical Sciences G. Kh. Novik and V. G.
- Persheyev; Engineer M. I. Shamrov]
[Excerpts] The problem of util3.zation of microprocessors (MP)* in contral _
system digital automatic control devices is of great importance today. Of
particular interest is the problem oi realization of combinational con- -
~ versions, since they form the basis of any automatic processing. -
Usually the law of combinational conversion is specified by the system of
Boolean functions (SBF). We shall examine methods of microprocessor
realization of SBF.
z s ` 76 Aapetno~ u~una 1
n~
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i na.v K K~ ~ ~
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~ '
_ T ~f~~! X~
~ ~ B
y ~ Nn~npMayunnna~ uiuna, � ~
-1_-= -
- yn'pal~~hu~aa uruna r -
Figure 5. -
- Key:
1. Address line 3. Control line
2. Information line 4. Buffer
* Lin, W. C. PROC. OF IEEE, Vol 65, No 8, 1977.
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Figure 5 contains a simplified structsral diagram of an automatic MP based
on an Intel 8080 MP, Flhere B, C, D, E, H, I~ are internal registers,
serving for storage of intermediate results and other purposes; AJIY
arithmetic-logic unit; A-- a~cumulator register for storing results of
operations performed in the AJIY; PK register for storing instruction
~ coda; Pfl ~ag register for operations performed in the A11Y ; YY MP
control and I/0 unit; PC program counter for forming instruction
addresses; SP stack pointer. Bit configuration of the units is in-
dicated in parentheses. A more detailed description of the Intel 8080 MP
and system of instructions is presented, for example, in the Lin article
(see footnote). -
[313-3024] -
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel`stvo "Mashinostroyeniye". "Pribory i sistemy ~
upravleniya", 1980
3024 -
CSO: 1$63 _
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SELECTIONS FROM THE JOURNAL 'AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND COMPUTER HARDWARE'
Riga AVTOMATIKA I VYCHISLITEL'NAYA TEKHNIKA in Russian No 2, 1980 pp 25,
29, 30, 31, 33, 93-94, 95, 97-98
[Titles and attributions are given below]
~LAC21pts~ i3D~: ~21.32~.u ~ALIGHIIVLV Cr S~`JE~,L T`~FES OF COI3I3ITIGi~r'1L ~
OPERA~1'IONS IN MICRQPROCESSOR SYSTEMS A. V. Brunchenko and Yu. T.
Butyi'skiy ~
In constru~ting devices for digital processing of signals on the basis of
- microprocessor systems, there arises the necessity of performance of cer-
tain types of conditional operations, whereby the operating speed of these
devices is determined in large measure by the mode of their realization. _
_ In addition,program execution of conditional operations ~s impossible in
some microprocessors. UrgentYy needed in connection with this is
- development of inethods of performance of conditional operations which make
it possible to obtain device high operating speed when utilizing micro- -
processors which do not permit performance of conditional operations.
In this article w~ propose a method of performance of simple conditional
operations which makes it possible substantially to reduce the number of
program instructions, which leads to higher operating speed. We ~hall
define simple conditional operation as a set uf conditions and uncon-
ditional operations for which, depending on fulfillment of conditions,
one unconditional operation is performed, corresponding to one instruction.
The proposed method is not universal and can be ap~lied in microprocessor ~
systems designed for implementation of devices of a specific class. Foz -
a given class variables contained in the conditions cannot enter into
unconditional ogerations, and vice versa. In other words, all variab].es
for devices of such a class can be divided into two types information
and adjustment, while the operating algorithm of such devices consists in -
various modes of processing information variables in relation t~ ad-
justment values. This class includes many digital signal processing
devices, such as digital filters, wher.e input and output signal counts
can be the information variables, and filter coefficients adjustment
variables.
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1'\I!? V~' L' 141t1LJ uJl~ ~/~~L+?
The proposed mPthod of realization of simple conditional operations can
find application in signal digital processing devices based on specialized
microprocessor systems. Its employment is warranted in those cases
where there is a possibility of a~ertain increase in hardware costs in
order to obtain maximum operating apeed. In particular, such a method _
was utilized in design~ng digital filtera. Four K584IK1 processor cir-
cuits as~comnuting device and two K155RYe3 permanent memory circuits as
control units were required to construct a second-order filter with i5-bit
information signals and 7-bit fixed coefficients. Maximum discretization
frequency for such a filter was approximately 20 kHz with a clock frequency
of 500 kAz. Six additional K155KP7 switch circuits were required for an
adaptive filter with tunable coefficients. -
UDC: 681.3 TESTING A 4-DIGIT MICROPROCESSOR ELEMENT Ya. M. Damatov,
, T. F. Sapozhnikova, R. Shyussler
This article presents a description both of hardware and software Thisgned
for testing a single-crystal 4-digit microprocessor element [1].
microcirruit is equivalent in complexity to a device containing more
than 1,450 gates. It performs all internal functions required for
~ parallel processing of 4-digit bin~ry data in conformity with the given
instruction. _
The testing program is written in assembler language for a YeS-1J10 com-
puter.
1. Belousov, A. I.; Boldyrev, V. P.; Kaloshkin, E~ P. Savokin, Yu. I.; -
. and Sukhoparov; A. I. "General-Purpose Single-Crystal Four-Di55tS7.
Microprocessor " ELEKTRONNAYA PROMYSHLENNOST No 5, 1977, pp
Tab le of Contents
Architecture and Information--Computing P,esources -
Peterson, E. Ya. Matching a Controlled Object With Parameters of 3 -
a ComputPr Control System
Zinov'yev, E. V., Strekalev, A. A., and Rogova, 0. Ye. Evalua- -
tion of Message Transmission Delay Time in Dialogue Network. 8 -
- Systems
Discrete Structures -
- Bul', Ye. S. Switching Functions Realization by Netwozk. of l~
Programmable Logic Arrays _
Levin, V. I. Prohabi~ity Analysis of Time Sequence Conversion 19 `
in Logic Elements
6 _
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Bru~nchenko, A. V., and Butyl'skiy, Yu. T. Realization of Several
~ Types of Conditional Operations in Microprocessor Systems 25
Damatov, Ya. M., Sapozhnikova, T. F., and Shyuealer, R. Testing a
4-Digit Microprocessor Element 30
Efticiency ar d Adaptation
Sklyarevich, A. N. Realization Test by FauTty Automaton for _
Specified Function 34 _
S~xanskiy, D. V. Construction of Devices trlith Memory,
Diagnosable With a Specified Resolving Power 39 _
Zak, Yu. A. Computer Circuits of Sequential Optimization
= Algorithms 46
Dubrovskiy, A. V. Gene'rating an Input Test Sequence for
Detection of Single Bridging Faults in Combinational Cir-
cuits 56
Gavrilov, A. A. Localization of Faults in Random Access Memory
Devices 61 -
Transport Network
Butrimenko, A. V. Virtual Connection Versus Datagram Meth~od
Some Advantages and Shortcomings 66
- Measuring and Terminal Systems
Kuno, A. Ya. Real-Time Digital Signal Processing on a Low-Speed
Computer 72
Viksna, A. Zh. and Elsts, M. A. Effective Algorithms for
Stochastic Functional Conversion 78 _
Karklin'sh, V. G., and Krumin'sh, K. Ya. Measuring Time of
- Instantaneous Signal Values in Discrete Stroboscopic Con-
verters in the Presence of Noise $3
Grinberg, K. V., Liskin, V. A., and Sitnikov, L. S. Manual
Controller for Instrumentation Bus According to IEC Standard 88
New Books
Motskus, I. B., Abraytis, L. B., Zhintelis, G. B., Syaklyutskis,
V. Yu. V. A. Gorbatov, V. F. Dem'yanov, G. B. Kuliyev et al. -
Automation of Desi~r..~ of Complex Logic Structures. V. A.
Gorbatov, V. V. Kafarov, and P. G. Pavlov. Logical Control -
of Industrial Processes gl
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LV1\ V1'1'1liL[11J VUL Va\La
. Yermol'yev, Yu. M. L. A. Rastrigin, K. K. Ripa, and G. S.
Tarasenko. Random Search Adaptation 92
UDC: 62-507. Bul', Ye. S. Switching Functions Realization by Network of
progrdmmable Logic Arrays.
Z'he author proposes a method of synthesis of a network of programmable
logic arrays (PLM), which perform a specified switching function (PF).
The method consists essentially in constructing a code which dif- -
f erentiates all sets in which the specified PF values are not equal.
Functions, each of which can be realized on one PLM,constitute the code
digits. For the case of a PF specified in sets, the author proposes an -
algorithm for break.ing down a set of arguments with the aim of optimiza-
tion of the resultant network. Two tables, four illustrations, seven _
bibliographic items. _
UDC: 681.322.05. Kuno, A. Ya. Real-Time Digital Signal Processing on a
Low-Speed Computer.
= Employment of small computers for solving signal digital processing prob- ~
lems can be effective with maximum utilization of the operating speed
resources of these computers. This is achieve3 by selecting an efficient
arithmetic unit (AU) operating mode. In many cases the ideal AU operating _
mode uniform cannot be employed due to the necessity of matching
computations with the process of signal input into computer memory. This
article states and solves the problem of selecting an optimal AU operating
mode with computation of a rapid Fourier transform (BPF) and defines the
condition.s of existence of a uniform mode. A geometric solution illustra-
tion is presented. Five illustrations, one bibliographic item.
[313-3024]
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Zinatne", "Avtomatika i vychislitel'naya
tekhnika", 1980 =
- 3024
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unc 6zi,3sz
EXPANSION OF FUNG'rIONAI, I'OSiIBILITIFS OF SUPERLARGE Ir1TEGRATID CIRCUITS
MEMORY (CAPACITY DVER 4 KBITS) AS A METHQD FOR INII'ROVIl~TG PARAMETERS OF
SEMTCONDUGTOR MM~;MORTF
i
Moscow MIKROELF~CTRON~CA in Russian No 2, 1980 received by editor 20 Sep 79
PP i69-18z
[Article by A. G. Aleksenko, V. A. Lapshinskiy~
[bccerpta] One of the basic problems of hierarchic memory systems is to
increase the speed of data exchange between the memory (ZU), the central
_ processor (TsP), the peripheral devices and within the hierarchy ~1;2]. -
Along witn program and axchitectural facilities the increase in the speed ~
of the exchange is achieved by using a new compon~~t base in the ZU, in
particula,r, high speed acting ~selection time tB 100 nanosec) super BIS
[Large integrated, circuits~i~ith a capacity Nis ~ 4 kbits)~ memories made
of bipolax and N~S transistors [2-5~.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the basic paxameters (speed., data
volume, consumed power) of the ZU using super B.IS memories with expanded
funetional possibilities and compaxe them with similax 7dJ ma,de with micro-
circuit memories with typical organiza.tion ~5~.
To make the evaluations, a model of the axrangement of the memory space _
(KPP) was developed and investigated.*
Conclusion
The evaluation of the paxameters of the space arrangement of the computer
memory with a capacity greater than 4 kbits makes it possible to dxaw the
following conclusionss
~By the arrangement of the memory spa,ce in this case is understood the
" space for implementing the ZU (for example, a printed circuit with the -
suPer BIS arranged on it) that includes parameters (electric and geometric)
of the main communications lines between the ZU and other computer devices.
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C V!~ vc l t~+~.ctu v.+u _
1. Using super BIS memory supercomponents makes it possible to increase,
by 2 to 3 times, the data exchange speeds with modular and associative
selection compaxed to super ByS with typical organization of the memory
due to a red.uction in the number of signal transmissions over the ma.in
_ control lines and improvement in the organization of the super BI~ memory
that permits special modes for data selection.
2. At the prESent level of technol.ogy (Sis< 50 mm2, ~3~ 10,Q~N 2.5 m~~,
- the permitted number of leads from a super BIS is limited to 18-24 since each
- additional lead reduces the data capacity of the space axrangem~~.t by 4~Jb
on the average~ With the expected increase in the data arrangement density _
(S. 100 mm ,~3 =2-3, G~ = 1 mm), the number of leads from the super BIS � -
wi~~. increase to 48-64. Additional leads will have little affect on the
data capacity of the arrangement space of the memory. The increased number
of lea,ds for the super BIS will stimulate the expansion of their functional
p~ssibilities. In turn, this will lead to a reduction in the cost of
develop- -
ing and designing a broa.d class of semiconductor ZU with a minimum number of
types of universal euper BIS memory supercomponents.
3. To increase the efficiency of the memory axrangement space in the mode
of storage and data access, it is necessary to use buffer circuits with three
states in the output stages of the TsP (or controller) that do not release
- current to the load, reduce the signal data amplitude to level ~ U,~ 1 volt~
- increase the number of inemory microcircuits joined by main lines and reduce
the coefficient of the active-passive feed of supsr BIS of the memory to
~he level '~'=0.01-0.1. Increasing the efficiency of the axrangement space
of the memory in the access mode by 30 to ,50~ is achieved by utilizing the
optima,l for a given ZU architecture input-output bit configuration of the
super BIS memo.ry. -
4. Among the additional functions of the super BIS memory that improve the
parameters of the arrangement space of the memory, there must be included
modulax and associative data access, reaxrangea.ble bit configuration of the
address input and of data input-output, and the organiza.tion of the built-in
active-passive feed.
~351-z2qi]
~~91
cs~: 1863
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UDC 681.51:53
MODEL OF A SYSTEM FOR THE INTEGRATID AUTOMATION OF LARGE RESEARCH INSTALLA-
:'IONS ON THE BASIS OF A NETWOFcK OF MINICOMPUTERS
No city listed TR. FIZ. IN-TA AN SSSR [Works of the Physics Institute of
the USSR Academy of Sciences] in Russian Vol 112, 1979 pp 8-12
No authors listed _
~ [From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.540]
No abstract supplied by source. ~
[221-11746J
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UDC 621.3.061
AUTOMATING THE DESIGNING OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS WITH DUE CON-
SIDERATION FOR THE OPTIMUM DISTRIBUTION OF THE POWER RESOURCE
Moscow MIKROELEKTRON. I POLUPROVODN. PRIBORY [Microelectronics and Semi-
conducting Instruments] in Russian No 4, 1979 pp 157-167
VOROB'YEV, A. V., RODIONOV, YU. P. and SKVIRA, A. V.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.375] -
[Text] The authors propose a new method for designing BIS's [large-scale `
integrated circuit] with due consideration for the ~pti~um dist;.~~::tic;~ af '
the power resource among the circuit's separate stages. They present a
mathematical formulation of the problem of the deterministic optimization _
of a BIS with respect to the energy parameters and develop the "DETOPT" BIS
optimization algorithms and program. The method and the program have been
approved in a number of semiconducting memory circuits. As an example, the
authors present the results of BIS optimization for a main memory with a
capacity of 256 bits. Figures 4; references 7.
~ [221-11746]
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�
UDC 681.51:681,3
AN APPROACH TO AUTOMATING THE CIRCUITRY-ENGINEERING PLANNING OF MICRO-
COMPUTERS
Moscow MIKROELEKTRON. I POLUPROVODN. PRIBORY [Microelectronics and Semi- -
conducting Instruments) in Russian No 4, 1979 pp 48-56
MASHEVICH, P. R. and ROMANETS, YU. V.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHrTICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.698]
[Text] The authors discuss one approach to analyzing the functioning of a
microcamputer's uni~s. Mici~c~u~~uter L10C~elii7g i3 ~CLIGLIIICd a~c~idi~ig ~v ~
program for analyzing the electronic circuits in which the library elements
are interpreters of microprocessor circuits of the KIv1IDP [expaneion unknownJ
BIS [large-scale integrated circuit] complex. Figures 2.
[221-11746]
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~
UDC 681.51:681.3
COMPUTER SYSTEMS WITH PROGRAMMABLE STRUCTURES
No city listed ELEKTRON. MODELIR. [Electronic Modeling] in Russian No 1, _
1979 pp 42-52
KORNEYEV, V. V. and KHOROSHEVSKIY, V. G.
~ [From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.669]
[Text] The authors discuss questions of the organization of circuit diagrams
in multiprocessor systems. They distinguish a class of circuit diagrams that
are inherent in computer systems with programmable structurea. Th2y also in-
troduce a synchronizing primitive that makes it possible to assign the order
of realization of program operators and program interfaces both inside com-
puter modules and between different modules in a system. Figures 4; refer-
ences 21.
[221-11746]
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SOFTWARE t
UDC 681.322.068 .
STRUCTURE OF THE MAIN TRANSLATOR AND LOADER OF THE TU1 SYSTEM FOR DESIGNING
= TRANSLATORS
Moscow STRUKTIJRA GLAVNOGO TRANSLYATORA I ZAGRUZCHIRA SISTF~SY POSTROYENIYA
_ TRANSLYATOROV TU1 [as above] in Russian Institute of Applied Mathematics,
USSR A~ademy of Sciences, Preprint No 156, 1979 15 pp
ARKHANGEL'SKAYA, YE. A., GLADYSHEVA, YE. M., KLENIN, A. S., DUTSIKOVICH,
V. V., PASTiJKHOVA, L. I. and UKHOV= L, V, _
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, AVTOMATIKA, TELEMEKHANIKA I VYCHISLITEL'NAYA
_ TEI~iNIKA No 3, 1980 Abstract No 3B146 by T. M. Dadashev) -
[Text] The authors describe the org~nization of the TUl system, which is
the first version of the TU system for designing translators. Its basic
programmed parts are a main translator and a loader, while the ALMO language
serves as the working language. Translators designed with the help cf the
TU1 system perf.orm translations from an initial language into ALMO. The
ma?n translator cor_sists of a basic section, a system for data exchange
with an external memory, a translator ad~ustment section, and a switch. The
main translator's basic section performs the translation and issues the
results. The system for data exchange with an external memory insures the
allocation of the memory for dynanic data structures. The translator adjust-
ment system is used to issue intermediate results at certain points in the
_ translator. Its operation is regulated by conditions assigned before the
initial text is entered for each translator run. The switch calls up dif-
ferent basic units at the appropriate moments of translator operation. The
authors describe the structural makeup of the basic units and list those
that form the nucleus and the replaceable section. The loader contains ~
seven programs for processing separate parts of the initial language's ex-
ternal description into ALMO and entering them in the archives in the form
of library insertions.
[309-11746] -
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rucc vrrl~icw uon v1~Ll _
~ ~
INFORMATION SYSTEM LANGUAGES
Moscc~w YAZYKI INFORMATSIONNYKFi SISTEM in Russian 1979 signed to press
6 Sep 79 PP 2-8, 302-30~+
[Annotation, table of contents and foreword from book by Renat Grigor'-
yevich Potov and Boris Vladimirovich Yakushin, Institute of Linguistics,
USSR Academy of Sciences, "Nauka," 2,900 copies, 30~+ pages]
[Text] Annotation
The book contains an expanded analysis of the problems and methods of con-
struction of linguistic me~ns of a broad class of information systems--
documentary and factop^aphic and systems of data processing and control. _
Questions are examined both on the level of the general methodological
prerequisites but also on the level of the solution of particular practical
problems with specific reco~endations. The materials of the book are
widely illustrated with examples, diagrams and tables.
C~ntents
Page
Foreword from the Editor 3
Introductinn 9
Part l. Information and Sign Systems
Chapter 1. Signs, Information and Textua~ Co~mnznication 13
1.1. Information and Sign 13
1.2. The Sign as an Instrument of Modeling 2~' ,
1.3� Information in a Text ~7
G'hapter 2. Information Processes and Systems in Society 32
2.1. I,anguage as a Means of Presentation of Social Information 3$ -
2.2. Information Processes ~l
2.3. Information Systems
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Page -
Part 2. Automated Information Systems and Their I~inguistic Means
a
Chapter 3. Automa.ted Information Systens (AIS) 47
3.1. AIS Structure 1+7 .
3.2. AIS Ftiinctions 52 -
3�3� AIS Classification 61
Chai ter AIS Linguistic Means 67
~+.1. Traditional Directions of Development of AIS Languages 67
~+.2. Brief Survey of the Development of Programming Languages 68
4.3. Information I,anguages 73
- New AIS I,inguistic Means 75
4.5. Requirements for Linguistic Means in Connection With
AIS Complication 76
Part 3. Principal Linguistic Means of Data Processing Systems
Chapter 5. Means for Presentation of Technical and Economic
Information 82
5.1. Classifiers of Technical and Economic Information 82
5.2. Standardization of Documents in the Sphere of Control 89
- 5�3. Limitedness of Existing Means for Presentation of
'i'ecY,nical and Economic Information 93
Cha~ter 6. Communication Possibilities of Programming Systems 96
6.1. Standard and Special Programming Languages 96
6.2. I,ingui.stic Means of Generalized Systems for the Control
of L~ata Bases 102
6.3. On Bringing Linguistic Means of Information SystPms Close
_ to Natural Language 108
Chapter 7. Use of a Natural Language in Data Processing Systems 11~+
7.1. Conditions of M~n-machine Co~unication and Selection of
the Lin~ui.stic Means 11~+ -
_ 7.2. The Naming of Concepts--the Basis of Linguistic Means of
Communication 11$
7.3. Systems Working With a Natural Language 126
Part Information-Semiotic Features of Languages of Systems for
Information Accumulatiion and Retrieval
- Chapter 8. Some Semiotic Asper,ts for Information Retrieval Systems -
~~s ) 135
8.1. Traditionsl Requirements for an Information-Retrieval
Languaoe (IRL) 135
8.2. Semantic Structure of a Text and Parameters of the System 143
8.3. The Concept as an Object of Storage and Retrieval in an IRS 151
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Page
Chapter 9. The Artificial an~ the Natural in an IRL 163
9,1. The IRL and a Natural Language 163 _
. 9.2. Synonymy in IRL Theory 171
9�3. C~ Be Constructed Formally? 176
Part 5. ~thods of Constructing Languages of Documentary IRS
Chapter 10. Information-Retrieval Languages of the Classification 184
~ 10.1. Genera.~l Characterization of Classification Schemes 18~+
10.2. Induction and De3uction in Scheme Formation i88
1C.3. The Structure of Multiaspect Classifications 194
Chapter 11. Information Languages of the Descriptor Type 2~2 -
11.1. Procedure for Campiling Word Lists for Descriptor
Dictionaries 2~2
11.2. Variant of Procedure ~'or Construction of an Information- 205
Retrieval Thesaurus 215
11.3 'P`le Language of
Uniterms
Chapter 12. Variant of the Structure of a Sector IRL 2i7
- 1.?_,1. The Sector Zexicon and Composition of the IRL 217
12.2. The Character of the Sector Rubricator 22~+ ~
12.3. Micravocabularies and Microthesauruses 23~
Part 6. Ways to Construct Factographic System Zanguages
_ Chapter 13. The Language of a~Very Simple Personnel Sys~em 2~+3
13.1. General Characterization and Examples of Person~ez Sys~ems' 2~+3
13�2� Tasks Solved by the "Kadry" System 2~+6
13.3� Data Preparation and Codification 251
Chapter 1~+. Letter Analysis System 25~+
14.1. Tasks of the System and the Problem of Letter Formalization 256
14.2. Compilation of Code Lists 261
14.3. Tests of the Form of Zetter Presentation
Chapter 15. Languages of Systems According to Properties of
Substances and.Materials -
_ 15.1. Distinctive Features of ~:he Logical and Linguistic 264
Structure of Reference Data
15.2. Information Retrieval Languages According to Properties
of Substances and Materials as a System of Information 27~+ _
I,anguage s
15.3. Procedure for Compiling Word List According to Properties ~77
of Substances and Materials
15,4. Formation of a Descriptor Word List 290 -
Bibliography 293 �
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Foreword from the Editor
At the present time the main direction of application of electronic com- -
puter technology is connected with the processing of information. This
~ direction is characterized by rapid growth of the quantity of automated -
informations systems of various types ana purpoaes that are gradually being
= introduced in all spheres of the nationa.l econo~r. Automated information
systems form the basis of automation of processes ~n the management of the -
natioi~al econo~y, assure the processing of masses of technical and economic
- in~ormation in solving tasks in planning, production, accounting and dis- -
tribution, and also serve the purposes of providing specialists with infor-
; mation in the areas of science, technology and humanitax~ian disciplines.
- In our country works is beind done on the creation of a state-wide data
- processing system based on sector and departmental automated control sys-
~ tems, '~he State Network of Computer Centers and the Unified Commun.ications
Network of the country, the automated system of scienti~ic and technical
information and a number of others. Within the framework of those plans
a large number of varied information systems is being created. In essence
a new industry of computer data processing is arisin~.
- One of the most importart problems of electronic data processing is man-
machine comm~unication. This is above all the problem of creating simple
- and convenient linguistic means of communication--languages for the presen-
tation of information to a machine and referral with requests for its re~
- trieval and processing, progra~ing languages and other sign systems used
in the process of operation of computer technology and information systems
created on the basis of it.
The range of questions discussed in the book is connected mainly with the
problems in the construction of arti~icia7. languages for the presentation
of information and reference to the machine for the purposes of the retrie-
= va1 and processing of souglzt information, that is, the problems of informa-
tion languages.
In spite of many years of experience in the creation of information langua-
ges and their use in existing systems for the accumulation, storage, retrie-
val and processing of information, work continues on the construction of
new, more flexible and convenierj,t languages. The effectiveness of the tra-
ditionally developed languages still is inadequate, and so man-computer
couamulication proves to be a very weak spot in the systems. _
_ An alternativ~ to tY~e application of artificial languages is the use of
natural languages for communication with the computer. Mar~y years of in-
vestigations in that direction, conducted within the fr auiework of infor-
mation science, applied linguistics, the theory of information systems,
programming and, finally, in work unified by the problem of the artificial
intellect, in spite of promising results, still are far from practical ef-
fect. Therefore, as before, the search for ways to construct effective
artificia.l languages on the basis of limited use of ineans of a natural
language remains an urgent task in the area of ineans of such communication.
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L'l~l\ VL'1'1VLCW V~JL v~~ua
, The authors, like many other developers of informations systems and their
linguistiric means, are convinced that there are possibilities of assuring
effective man-machine co~umuiication even under ~L'he conditions of large
limitations on the use of natural language.
ihe development of informatic~*~ languages, in the opinion of the authors,
has beEn he3d back to a certain degree as a resul~t of the traditionel
separation of the "spheres of influence" between the developers of. pro-
graffining systems and specialists on information languages. And differen-
- tiation has also gone f~arther in this and in other regions. Thus, infor-
mation languages have been divided into languages for the presentation of .
scientific and technical information and languages for the presentation of
technical and economi~ data, that is, according to the purpose of the in-
formation systems. The development of those two d.irections has proceeded
to a considerable degree in isolation from one another, and there has not ~
been sufficient exchange of experience and borrowing of achievements. _
Meanwhile, the developers in each area, as a rule, proceeded on a common _
princip'_.e--limi.ted use of components of a natural language. True, in the
case of documentary systems that limitedness was expressed in the fact that
the natural language appeared in tihe role of an intermediary between the _
area of lrnowledge (concepts) and an artificial search language.
- Analysis of the pre sent s.tate of programmi.ng languages shows that they are
- crowding information languages more and more. Contributing to this is
their universality and the possibility of application not only for the
compilation of programs (th~eir primary f~znCtion), but also as a means of
presenting information and assuring access of the user to it. It should
be acknowledged that in the development of programming languages all the
factors determining the effectiveness of a language were taken into consid-
= eration to a greater degree than in the creation of information languages.
At the same time the lexicon of natural languages wa's used economically. ~
Use of the lexicon of natural languages gives reason for characterizing
contemporary progr a~ning languages`as artificial languages that approach
the natural. Many methods of constructing linguistic means of programm3.ng _
and especially of economic use of natural language components in them could
be very usef~a_1 also in the development of information languages.
Work in the area of information languages was influenced by interest in the
problem of automatic processing of texts in natural languages (without any
sort of limitation on the formulation of s~zch tasks and the completeness of
- their solution). This direction of the work is validly regarded by the
authors as abstract and still far from the possibility of its direct prac-
tical application. At times this has been caused by the limited possibili-
- ties of existing computers and other difficulties in the practical reeliza-
tion such plans. It shouJ~d also be noted that the main area of use of
computers for data processing is admi.nistration, where texts in a natural
language are not always the main form of presentation of information and
- where formalized documents with the limited means of a natural language
are mainly used. The ignoring of the latter circumstance has at times l~ad
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the result that many questions in the construction of languages fbr the
presentation of this very massive type of information have remained separ-
ated f~o~ the theory and practice in the developanent of information lan- -
guages .
Investig~tion of the automatic processing of texts, including in the area
af the artificial intellect, has clearly shown all the complexity of the
problem of use of a natural langaage as a universal means of man-machine
communic.~tion. At the same time the appearance of programs "recalling a
natural language" has revealed ~lso the inadequacy of many theoretical.
constructions (especially in linguistics) to solve such problems. This is
- not surprising, since a staisfactory solution of them can be obtained only
as a result of a complex approach, by the efforts o.f representatives of
various disciplines, not only of linguistics. Iri all fairness it should be
pointed out that a positive result of that work was stimul.ation of the flzr- -
ther development of the theory and means of programmii.ng, the appearance of
- non-algorithmic languages for the presentation of symbolic information and
its operation and a number of other fundamental directions and theories~
_ including in the theory of abstract grammars.
- The connection that exists between languages with different purposes within
the framework of information systems has anow became evident. That became
especially clear in proportion to the transition t~ integrated data proc~ss-
i.ng syste~ wi.th the use of third-generation computer systems, character=
= ized by the wide propagation of standardized program-apparatus means, and
_ the construction of common information bases for such systems--automated
. systems for the control of data banks. Such systems serve as the basis for
adjustable information systems and complexes of information-logical and
- computational tasks. Under those conditions programmi.ng languages, infor-
mation languages of various types and information have proven to be closely
coruiec+,ed with one another. Simultaneously in a number of cases incompati-
- bility of given linguistic means has appeared more clearly. From this fol-
lows tihe conclusion that there is a need for complex consideration of the
enti.re circle of questions conne.cted with the linguistic problems of infor-
mation systems or, more broadly, with the problems of ineans of man-machine
c ommun.ic ation .
The authors assume that languages with limited use of components of a na-
tural language have far from exhausted their possibilities as a measn of
presentation of various information. To improve them it is recommended
that use be made of rich experience in progra~n.ing languages . In that case
it is proposed in data processing and factographic systems to become o.rien-
_ tated toward the crPation of languages, the basis of which is the names of -
concepts (nominativ~~ groups), ~ttpplemented by the application of artificial.
signs. As for documentary systems, their languages represent a form of
_ depiction of a set of nau,es of concepts of a given science or technology
- transformed in accordance with thematic specifics.
By working in that direction it is possible to obtain languages, effective
_ in the sense of the possi.bilities of contemporar,y electronic computers~
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LVi~ VPL'lUlC1L u.~a: va~i.a
simplicity and accessibility for perception by man, languages for biblio-
graphie information-retrieval systems and languages for the presentation
of technical and economic information in automated control systems. In
the author's opinion, languages of that type can fairly _~mpletely take
into consideration specific factors that affect the processes of communi-
cation in information systems and control systems.
~ Taking into account the interconnection of information languages with man~
aspects of information systems and the instability of the termin.ology in
that area, the authors had to supplement the material with a descriptive
- determination of the concept of the information, give a qualitative char-
acterization of information processes and systems, present basic informa-
tion about the typical structure of automated systems and the functions
performed by them and apply possibl~ approaches to their classification.
The main content of the book is devoted to a description of semiotic and
purely linguistic aspects of the planning and development of information
languages for various purposes with consideration of distinctive features
of the structure of information in the system,.:in which it is the object of
storage, retriev~l and processing. Not all the positions formulated in the
book are undisputed, and some questions have been examined in it only by
w~y of formulation. It also is natural that not all questions regarding
the construction of information languages have been treated to an equal
_ degree. Some of them have only been mentioned, and other have been exa-
mined more thoroughly. In their approach to most questions the authors
have striven to apply their understanding of problems, based on great ex-
perience in their practical. work in the area of creation of information
systems and on the ana]~ysis of available publications.
The material presented in the book will of interest to a broad circle of
speci alists studying problems of the linguistic and informational support
of automated informatio~z systems and control systems. That extensive area
includes both research work of a retriev~l nature and practical work that
requires the adoption and implementation of specific decisions un the cre-
ation of ling~zistic means of automated systems. It often is difficult to
combine equally the interests of those two areas. In that connection the
authors with reason recommend becoming oriented toward the real require-
- ments of users, in the interest of whom systems are created, and finding _
- dolutions which in spite of all their labor-intensiveness can be imple-
mented in stages, in an evolutionary manner, with practical verification
of the results of each stage.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'st~o "Nauka", 1979
[~i7~-3~0~
- 2174
CSO: 1863
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PROBLEM-ORIEN`I`ED MEANS IN ~ KOBOL LANGUAGE
Moscow PROBLEMM[~110-ORIYENTIROVANNYYE SREDSTVA V YAZYKE KOBOL in Russian ~979
signed to press 1 Oct 79 pp 2, 191-192
[Annotation and table of contents from book by Lyudmila Petrovna Babenko,
Statistika, 20,000 copies, 215 pages]
[Text] Annotation
The book is devoted ~to discussion of ineans of problem orientation in the
Kobol language. Examined in detail are the possibilities of compiling
means of a language of complex accounting forms, summary calculations and
the processing of tables, texts and datt~ bases. It proceeds from formula-
tion of a proolem through its successive decomposition into subproblems
solvable directly by constructions of the Kobol language and is illustra-
- ted by examples. _
- The book is useflxl for programmers developing data processing programs and
managers of programmer subsections which solve problems in the selection
of a programming language. It can be used as a textbook by undergraduates
and graduate students, engineers and economists interested in modern means
of man-computer co~mznication.
Contents Page
~ Editor's Foreword 3
Chapter 1. Problem Orientation in Contemporary Programming Languages
l.l. Types of Data as a Gh.aracteristic of the Problem Orientation
of a Language 11
1.2. Problem-oriented Means and Technology of Struc~tural Progratn-
ming 16
1.3. Structural Programming With Use of the KOBOL Language 18
1.~+. Questions in the Selection of a Suitable Programming
Language 22
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Page
Chapter 2. Planning Reporting, Forms. Principal Means of Deter-
mining the Format of a Report
2.1. Content of the Problem ~
2.2. Ma.in Terms of the Process of Planning Report3.ng Forms 37
2.3. Sequence of Actions in the Preparation of a Report in a
Program in KOBOL 39
2.4. Description of the Report Format ~l
2.5. Examples of Descriptions of Report Groups 6~+
2.6. Distinctive Features in Description and Rules of Use of
a Report File 69 -
2.7. Report Formation Operators 71
2.8. Example of a Program of Report Compilation 72
2.9. Procedures of a Progra~er in the Automatic Recording in
a Report of Several Groups 7�
2.10. Some Characteristic Methods of Report Compilation 79
Chapter 3. Summary Calculations in Compilation of a Report
- 3.1. Content of the Problem 85
3.2. Basic Concepts of the Process of Su~ary Calculations 86
3�3. Sequence of Actions in the Cclculation of Results in a
Program in KOBOL ~
3.4. Determi.nation of the Levels of Control of a Report 91
3�5. Determination of the Controlled Headings and Controlled
Endings 93
3.6. Significance of Controlling Variables as Sources of
Report Data ~
3.7. Determination of Summed Data and Sum Counters
3.8. Disposal of Sum Counters ~ 9$
3�9� Rules for Disposition of Controlled Headings and Controlled
Endings 100
_ 3.10 Elimi.nation of Duplicated Information in Report Fragments 101
3.11 Issuance of Results Without Printing of Fragments 103
3.12 Some Characteristic Methods of Sum Calculations 1~5
Chapter 4. Table Processing
~+.1. General Characterization of the Problem 110
~+.2. Means of Recording Tables 112
4.3. Access to Table Components u6
4.4. Means of Acceleration of Access to Table Components 117
4.5. Intermediate Storages of the Values of Index Names 120
4.6. Retrieval of Table Components Satisfying a Condition 122
- Chapter 5. Processing Textual Information by means of the KOBOL
Language
5.1. Formulation of the Problem 12$
5.2. Analysis of Texts 129
5�3� Substitution in Texts i34
5.4. Decomposition of a Text into Its Components 136
5�5� Text Synthesis 1~+5 _
5.6. Some Characterist,ic Methods of Processing Texts 1~+7
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Page
Chapter 6. Processing Data Bases
6.1. Basic Concepts of the Technology of Data Base Use 153
6.2. General Principles of Organization of Program Interactions
in KOBOL and SUBD 154
_ 6.3. Processing by Means of the KOBOL Language of Data Bases
Supported by the SUBD "Oka" 160
6.4. Organization of Interaction with a Data Base in the System
"Makrobol" 16g
Supplement. Reference Information 173
Bibliography 189
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Statistika", i979
[ 217~+-2~+6]
_ 2z74
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rVx t~rri~ieu~ ua~ uivLi
ABSTRACTS FROM THE JOURNAL 'PROGRAMMING'
Moscow PROGRAMMIROVANIYE in Russian No 2, Ma.r-Apr 80 pp 94-96
UDC 681.3.06.:002.51/52
FUI~TDAMENPAL STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY OF PROGRAMMING
[Abstract of article by V. M. Glushkov] _
[Text] The author analyzes modern problems of programming techniques and _
- their connection with earlier works on the automation of programming and
with the fundamental studies which are traditionally performed in the In-
_ stitute of Cybernetics of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences. Urgent
problems of the development of domestic programming techniques are formu-
lated. Bibliogr~*+h~r 17 items.
UDC 681.3.51/6.42:002.51/52
TECHNOLOGICAL LINES OF PROGRAM PRODUCTION
[Abstract of article by I. V. Vel'bitskiy] -
[Text] A conceptual description of a new domestic programming technology ~
is given. The author describes a11 stages of manufacturing a program pro-
duct according to the R-tectmology and the principles of forming technologi-
cal lines for the production of programs. Figures 9.
UDC 681:3.06+65.018.21:002.51/52
TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF PROGRAM OPTIMIZATION
[Abstract of article by V. N. Ras'yanov and I. V. ~ottosin]
[Text] The authors examined the possibility of using a technique for the op-
- timization of programs for technological purposes at all stages of the exis-
tence of the program from its automatic designing to the creation of a
program documentation and modification during tracking. Bibliography 6
items.
26
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UDC 681.3.06
FUNDAMENrAL CONCEPTS OF MODULARITY AND ANALYSIS OF SOME DIRECTIONS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENERAL PROGRAMMING TECHNOLOGY
[Abstract of article by S. T. Rodionov]
[Text~ The author examines the fundamental concepts of modular programming,
proposes formulas for determining modularity components, and analyzes some
directionsin the development of the programming technology from the view-
point of the concepts of modularity. Figures 1, bibliography 11 items.
UDC 519.682.1
ON THE SUBSTANTIATION OF THE OPERATOR OF THE ANALYSIS OF DATA STRUCTURES
[Abstract of article by V. V. Bublik]
The author studies an analysis problem comparison of composite objects
by a model. Analysis of composite ob~ects is done accurate to a strict
equivalence. The author proves a strict equivalence criterion based on the
comparison of by-pass routes in composite objects. A dynamic semantics of
the analysis operator is constructed. The Floyd method is used to prove its
_ correspondeace to the axiom of analysis. Bibliography 8 items.
- UDC 681.142
TECHNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF MODULAR PROGRAMMING
[Abstract of article by Ye. A. Zhogolev]
[Text] The author discusses the problem of lowering the labor-intensity of
programming and possibilities offered by modular programming for solving
this problem. Bibliography 13 items.
UDC 681.3.06
DATA STRUCTURE IN A GRAPHIC PACKAGE OF PROGRAMS FOR PROCESSING TWO-DIMEN-
SIONAL OBJECTS _
[Abstract of article by S. B. Dodonov and V. A. Visikirskiy]
[Text] This article examines the problems of the organization of data in a
graphic package of programs for SAPR [systems of automated designing] of in-
dustrial facilities. Data organization does not depend on the goals of the
user and on the structure of the electronic computer. It makes it possible
to construct programs of a graphic package effectively and can be easily _
- accomplished on various electronic computers. Figures 9, bibliography
9 items.
27
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- UDC 681.3.06
MECHANICAL PROCEDURES OF PROGRAMNfING
[Abstract of article by 0. N, Perminov]
[Text] The author proposes an approach to formal designing of prc~grame
based on mechanical procedures of programming. This approach is studied
for several classes of programs. Primary attention is given to practical
applications. Bibliography 8 items.
UDC 681.3.06
A METHOD OF STRU+CTURAL PLANNING OF TESTS FOR DEBUGGING EXECUTIVE PROGRAMS
_ [Abstract of article by B. A. Pozin]
[Text] The author proposes a method and basic algorithms for planning a
so-called minimum rough set of tests for checking the structure of an execu- _
tive program. The method is based on the algorithms of transformation of a
structural (graphic) and informational models of a program proposed in this
article. Figures 5, bibliography 7 items. -
UDC 681.142.2
ON THE VERIFICATION OF PROGRAMS IN ODIE LANGUAGE
[Abstract of article by I. B. Zadykhaylo and I. B. Zadykhaylo]
[Text] A scheme is proposed for verifying programs written in the language _
- of a symbol processor. 2'he author formulates algorithms of the reconstruc-
tion of descriptions of the structure of a set of input lines for a given
program by the text of the program. Bibliography 11 items.
UDC 681.3.03
OPTIMIZATION METHODS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF DIRECT ACCESS
FILES
[Abstract of article by Yu. V. Trifonov]
[Text] The author examines direct access files using indirect addressing
of recordings. He determines conditions which have to be satisfied by the
algorithm of the transformation of the keys to the address for which the re-
flection by this algorithm would be effective from the viewpoint of the op-
erational characteristics of the file. Recommendations are given for selec-
_ ting the intermixing algorithm. Bibliography 7 items.
LH
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UDC 681.142.2
ON THE UTILIZATION OF THE METHODS OF DETERMIIJING SYMBOLS FOR EXPANDING THE
` CLASS OF SLR(1)-GRAMMARS
[Abstract of article by R. E. Asratyan]
[Text] This article examines the class of M-limited SLR (1)-grammars which
strictly include the class of SLR (1)-grammars, as well as the corresponding
generalization of the SLR (1)-ana lyzer with whose aid it is possible not
only to expand the class of the processed gra~nars, but also to reduce con-
siderably the dimensions of the analyzer.
UDC 681.327.12:518.5
ON CONSTRUCTING OF PROGRAM SOFTHARE OF RECOGIJITION SYSTEMS
[Abstract of article by V. I. Donskoy]
- [Text] The author describes the system RADIUS-222 created for electronic
computers M-222 and the expe,rien~e of its utilization. He formulates the
requirements for the system f~r pattern recognition. Figures 1, biblio- -
graphy 8 items.
UDC 681.3.01 _
A PACKAGE OF APPLI~D PROGRAMS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS OF TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZA-
TION OF COMMUNICATION LINES
[Abstract of article by G. N. Ivanov]
[Text] The author examines the s tructure and basic characteristics of a
package of applied progra:~s in the algorithmic language PL-1 intended for
designing an optimal topology of communication networks in a dialogue mode
_ of operation. Bibliography 2 items.
[321-10233] -
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka," "Programmirovaniye," 1980
10, 233
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UDC 681.51:007.5
A SYSTEM THAT FORMULATES CONCEPTS AND REVEALS OBJECTS, PROPERTIES AND
RELATIONSHIPS IN COMPLEX CONTEXTS
Moscow IN-T PRIKL. MAT. AN SSSR. PREPR. [Institute of Applied Mathematics,
- USSR Academy of Sciences: Preprint] in Russian No 148, 1979 29 pp
KHiJKHLAYEV , YE . V .
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TIIZ~iNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract -
No 1.81.313]
[Text] The author discusses a system that perceives the ext~ernal world and, _
as the result of instruction using examples, formulates concepts of abjects,
- properties and relationships and uses these concepts to reveal ob~ects,
properties and relationships in complex contexts. He describes the system's
general structure as well as the form of the formulated concepts. Figures.
[221-11746] ~
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UDC 681.3:002.513.5
LIBRARY OF IDA ARCHIVE PROGRAMS
- Moscow BIBLIOTEKA PROGR.AMM ARKHIVA EDA [as above] in Russian Institute of
Applied Mathematics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No 163, 1979 32 pp _
KOTOV, YU. B.
[From REFER~TIVNYY ZHURNAL, AVTOMATIKA, TELEMEKHANIKA I VYCHISLITEL'NAYA
TEKHNIKA No 3, 1980 Abstract No 3B172] _
[Text] This work completes the description of the EDA archive and is aimed
at the programmer who maintains the archive for a group of users. It con-
_ tains information that makes it possible to use programs from the EDA
archive's library for the group of users' own needs (and not only for the
maintenance of the archive). The author describes the structure and obliga- -
tory elements of the subprograms that carry out the procedures involved in
processing selected material. He also presents information about several
new capabilities of the EDA archive. Figures 3; references 7.
[309-11746]
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UDC 681.51:519.87:681.322.06
DIALOG APPLIED PROGRAMS IN THE SETL LANGUAGE
No city listed VYCAISL. TSENTR SIB. OTD. AN SSSR. PREPR. [Computer Center of
the Sib erian Department, USSR Academy of Sciences: Preprint] in Russian No _
170, 1979 27 pp
GLAGOLEV A, N. G., VAYNSHTEYN, T. A., VELICHKO, A. V., KIRPOTINA, N. A.,
PRUZHANSKIY, V. YE. and KHOROSHEVSKAYA, 0. V. _
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEI~iNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No i.si. s51]
[Text] The authors describe a series of dialog programs for various purposes
that have been realized in the high-level language SETL. They demonstrate -
the possibility of constructing programs for the most diversified areas of
application--from biochemical investigations to sutomation of the teaching
process--that are practically valuable and haye quite complex logic struc-
tures. Figures.
[ 221-11746]
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UDC 681.51:681.3 -
MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEMS WITH A DISTRIBUTED MEMORY, GENERAL-PURPOSE COMMUTA-
TION AND A PROGRAMMABLE MICROPROCESSOR STRUCTURE
No city listed ELEKTRON. MODELIR. [Electronic Modeling] in Russian No 1,
1979 pp 31-42
KALYAYEV, A. V.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA K~~ERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.668]
- [Text] The author discusses the principles of procedural and structural
modeling. He demonstrates the advantages of synthesizing multiprocessor _
systems on the basis of the principle of structural modeling and analyzes
sets of large-scale operations for microprocessors with programmable struc-
tures. He also compares multiprocessor systems of the main line, matrix _
and hierarchical types with multiprocessor systems having general-purpose
commutation. Figures 25.
[221-11746]
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- UDC 681.51:681.3
PROGRAMMING IN THE LANGUAGE INKOM
Moscow PROGRAMMIROVANIYE NA YAZYKE INKOM [as above] in Russian Central
Scientific Research and Experimental Planning Institute of Automated Systems _
in Construction 1979 47 pp
ORESHICIN, N. P.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No l, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.679 K by S. G. Romanova]
[Text] The author elucidates on questions of programming in the language
INKOM. INKOM is intended for the automation of the processes involved in
developing translators for a rather broad circle of languages. Using high-
level equipment, in INKOM it is possible to describe the process of the
interpretation of phrases in an initial language or the process of the com-
pilation of an object program of any intermediate language from a program
in the initial language. The author points out that interpreters and com-
pilers for problem-oriented languages with developed syntax and semantics
are programmed in INKOM. The syntax and semantics of a problem-oriented
language are described with the help of procedural facilities. Semantics
- is regarded as a sequence of implemented applied programs (modules) of some
package developed for the sub~ect area of the problem-oriented language,
and also as a series of auxiliary actions for recognizing the initial pro-
gram's syntax and semantics. The author points out that INKOM is intended
for the description of the processes involved in the translation of spe-
' cial ized languages as they apply to the system of programming facilities
and the operating system of the Unified System of Electronic Computers. His
_ basic attention is focused on methods of using INKOM facilities for the solu-
tion of specific translation problems. Figures.
[221-11746]
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1
UDC 681.51:681.326.74 ~
ON THE QUESTION OF THE MACHINE SYNTHESIS OF TESTS OF DIGITAL LARGE-SCALE
INTEGRATID CIRCUITS; MACHINE METHODS OF SYNTHESIZING CIRCUITS
~ Moscow MIKROELEKTRON. I POLUPROVODN. PRIBORY [Microelectronics and Semi-
conducting Instruments) in Russian No 4, 1979 pp 167-178
BATALOV, B. V., BEREZENKO, A. I. and TISHCHENKO, 0. I.
[Fram REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No l, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.714)
[Text] The authors describe the characteristic:s of the methods used as the
basis of a model programming complex f or synthesizing check tests for logic
circuits of the combined and sequential types. They evaluate the effective-
ness of the utilization of the programming complex for BIS's [large-scale
integrated circuit] of the combined type, operational memories and micro-
processor BIS's. They also present methods for modernizing such a program
_ that make it possible to increase the effectiveness of its use for BIS's,
_ including regulator arrays of inemory ce11s. Figures 4; ref erences 8.
( 221-11746] -
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UDC 681.51:519.713.2
ON ONE APPROACH TO MINIMIZATICIN ALGORITHMS FOR INCOMPLETELY DETERMINED BOOLEAN
- FUNCTIONS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE CODING OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC MATRICES -
Moscow MIKROELEKTRON. I POLUPROVODN. PRIBORY [Microelectronics and Semi-
conducting Instruments] in Russian No 4, 1979 pp 33-38
BOBOSHKO, YU. G.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNL~L, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract -
No 1.81.121]
[TextJ The author explains an approach to approximation algorithms for ob-
taining the shortest dis~unctive normal form. _
[221-11746]
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UDC 681.325.3
DEVELOPMENT OF FRAGMENTS OF THE DESIGN OF ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL DEVICES ON THE
BASIS ON A STRUCTURAL-DESIGN APPROACH
_ Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPR. [Control Instruments and Systems] in Russian
19%9 8 pp manuscript received at Central Scientif ic Research Institute of
Information and Technical and Economic Research on Instrument Making, Means
of Automation and Control Systems on 19 Sep 79, No 1183
USMANOV, V. V. and editorial board of the magazine listed above
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESICAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.377 DYePJ
[Text] The author discusses questions relating to the development of frag-
ments of the design of analog-to-digital devices (ATsU), with classified
parasitic parameter values, as well as algorithms for the arrangement and -
commutation of the outlets of elements on the substrate of a microassembly
with a known configuration of the conductors. These questions are dis- _
cussed with due consideration for modeling of an ATsU's structure. The
parasitic parameters of the interconnections and the design as a whole are
the cause of noise that affects the numerical value of a device's electrical
characteristics and that it is advisable to regard as one of the sources of
ATsU instrument error. Figures; references 3.
[221-11746]
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UDC 681.142
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE STRUCTURAL-DESIGN PLANNING OF ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
- DEVICES ~
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPR. [Control Instruments and Systems] in Russian -
~ 1979 6 pp manuscript received at Central Scientific Research Institute of
Information and Technical and Economic Research on Instrument Making, Means
of Automation and Control Systems on 19 Sep 79, No 1184
USMANOV, V. V. and editorial board of the magazine listed above
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract -
No 1.81.376 DYeP]
[Text] The author discusses fundamental questions concerning a cooperative
approach to the soluCion of the structural and design stages of the planning
process, as well as the basic propositions and the problem of the structural-
design planning of analog-to-digital devices. He develops and describes a
mathemat ical model of the structural-design planning ~f analog-to-digital
devices tlzat is based on the use of the apparatus of the general theory of
systems . References 4 .
[ 221-1174 6]
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UDC 681.34:51
HYBRID DIFFERENTIAL METHODS FOR FINDING EXTREMES
Kiev GIBRIDN. VYCHISL. MASHINY I KUMPLEKSY [Hybr id Computers and Complexes]
in Russian No 1, 1979 pp 5-12
GREZDOV, G. I. and GISHCHAK, K. I.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEI~INICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.609]
[Text] The authors discuss questions of the rea lization and utilization of
hybrid differential search methods that are notab le for a continuous change
- in the variables and discrete assignment of the s earch directions and ~hat
are used to find solutions for a broad circle of problems on the basis of
reducing some auxiliary function to minimization. Figures 6; ref erences 6.
[221-11746]
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vnc 6sl.sl:si
~ PARALLEL METHODS FOR SOLVING BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS IN FIELD THEORY
Kiev GIBRIDN. VYCHISL. MASHINY I KOMPLEKSY [Hybrid Computers and Complexes]
in Russian No 1, 1979 pp 17-21
SPALVIN', A. P.
- [From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.619]
[Text] The author discusses questions relating to the use of parallel ~
methods for solving the systems of algebraic equations that arise as the
- result of the finite-different approximation of equations in second-order
partial derivatives. He compares the direct and iterative methods and dis-
cusses questions of the use of digital and analog computer equipment. Fig-
ures l; references 4.
[221-11746]
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UDC 681.51:51
MICROPROCESSOR MODELING OF MULTIPHASE FILTRATION PROBLEMS
Kiev GIBRIDN. VYCHISL. MASHINY I KOMPLEKSY [Hybrid Computers and Complexes]
in Russian No 1, 1979 pp 21-27
MAKSIMOV, M. M., TANKELEVICH, R. L. and TETEL'BAUM, YA. I.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESRAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.534]
No abstract supp 1 ied by source.
[ 221-11746]
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UDC 681.51:51
THEORETICAL-NUMERICAL PROPERTIES OF BIQUADRIPLEX NUMBERS
- Kiev GIBRIDN. VYCHISL. MASHINY I KOMPLEKSY [Hybrid Computers and Complexes]
in Russian No l, 1979 pp 48-52
SIN'KOV, M. V. and VASHCHENKO, V. F.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.581]
[Text] The authors discuss the basic properties of biquadriplex numbers
and the performance of arithmetic operations on them. They determine the
form of divisors of zero and prove theorems concerning the norms of biqua-
driplex numbers. References 3.
[221-11746] -
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UDC 681.51:681.33
COMPARISON OF THE RATE OF CONVERGENCE OF THE SOLUTION OF SYSTEMS OF ALGE-
BRAIC EQUATIQNS ON SEQUENTIAL PARALLEL CQMPUTERS
Kiev GIBRIDN. VYCHISL. MASHSNY I KOMPLEKSY [Hybrid Computers and Complexes]
in Russian No 1979 pp 52-56
~ KULIK, M. N.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TERHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
No 1.81.681]
[Text] The author shows that the rate of convergence of the solution of
systems of nonlinear algebraic equations by the Newton method, on parallel
computers with a significant level of instrument error and fulfillment of
the introduced realizability conditions, is comparable with the rate of con- _
vergence of the solution on computers with a long word format. References
4.
[221-11746]
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UDC 681.327.8.01
ON ONE METHOD FOR MODELING COMPLEX LOGICAL NETS
Kiev GIBRIDN. VYCHISL. MASHINY I KOMPLEKSY [Hybrid Computers and Complexes]
in Russian No l, 1979 pp 78-85
GOLOVANOVA, 0. N. -
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract
_ No 1.81.278]
[Text] The authox' discusses methods for modeling logic functions of units _
in models of networks constructed on the principle of temporal analogy.
Figures 5; references 7.
[221-11746]
COPYRIGHT: VINITI, 1980
- 44
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LIST OF SOVIET ARTICLES ON ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMS
Moscow ALGORITMY I PROGRAMMY in Russian No 4, 1980 pp 2-93 .
[Following is a listing of entries from ALGORITMY I PROGRAMMY (Algorithms
and Programs), a hibliographic publication of the USSR State Scientific
and Technical Library. This listing is from No 4, 1980; 4250 copies]
[Excerpts]
1156. Analysis and synthesis of high-speed semiconductor devices with nega-
- tive resistance (negatrons) by computer. Preprinty dokladov seminara (Pre-
prints of Seminar Re~orts), No 6-10, USSR Academy of Sciences, Scientific
= Council for the Complex Problem "Cybernetics." Moscow, 1970, various pages.
Bibliography at end of articles. -
1159. Bezhanova, M. M. Built-in problem-oriented systems. Novosibirsk,
1979, 30 pages. (Preprint/Siberian Department, USSR Academy of Sciences,
- Computer Center; No 205). Bibliography: 25 items. Problems of the ideolo-
gy of built-in problem-oriented languages and systems, their basic principles -
and distinctive features of systems existing and being developed. _
1167. Zadykhaylo, I. B., and Solov'yev, V. V. Problems in the creation ~f
a specialized processor for relative data bases. Moscow, 1979, 31 pages.
- (Preprint/USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Mathematics; No
187). Bibliography: 23 items. Advantages and shortcomings of the relative
approach to the construction of data bases. Descriptions are given of the
structure and system of instructions of the RAP processor, intended for the
support of relative data bases.
1168. Zadykhaylo, I. B., Mel'nikov, B. F., and Sadykhov, Ya. A. Design of
an associative parallel digital magnetic disk processor oriented to the sup-
port of relative data bases. Moscow, 1979, 24 pages. (Preprint/USSR Academy
of Sciences, Institute of Applied Mathematics; No 180). Bibliography: 1]
items. Descriptions are given of the architecture of the processor, the
- structures of data and the instruction sets. Possible methods of eliminat-
ing parallel operations are investigated. Some plans for the organization
of a number of digital magnetic disk processors are presented.
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1174. Lebedinskiy, M. M. On the possibility of maximum elimi.nation of -
parallel tasks on associative processors. Zapiski nauchnykh seminarov
i (Scientific Seminar Notes), USSR Acade~y of Sciences, Mathematics Insti-
tute, Leningrad Department, 1g79, Vol 90. Chislitel`nyye metody i voprosy
organizatsii v3rchisleniy, No 3, pp 83-149� Bibliography: 12 items. A cer-
tain co~putational model of parallel calculations is proposed--a three
dimensional associative parallel processor. A program for the associative
para11e1 processor is described that consists of a series of instructions
and does not contain cycles.
1185. Shpak, V. F., and Pertsev, A. V. Parallelization of the process of
syntactic analysis for multiprocessor computing systems based on adjusted -
logical structures. Gibrid. vychisl. mashiny i kompleksy: Republican
Interdepartmental Collection; UkrSSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of
Electrodynamics, ig79, No 2, pp 35-39� Bibliography: 3 items. A strategy _
of parallel analysis that reduces expenditures of time on analysis of the
gra~ars of precedence.
123~+� Ly~'ka, N. L., Reznik. L. N., Sedov, N. S., and Skrypnikova, L. B.
Automated system for the design of the time-pulse type by computer. In the
book: Teoriya i metody postroyeniya impul'snykh vychislitel'nykh ustroystv
(Theory and Methods of P~zl.sed Computer Construction). Tr. rasshir. zaseda-
niya Nats. kom. SSSR, Mezhdunar. assots. po analogovym vychisleniyam~Rya-
zanskiy Radiotekh. in-t, Ryaza~~', 1g79, pp 66-71. Bibliography: 2 items.
The paper describes an ALGOL program of a system for the design of analog
_ computers. A block diagram is presented, the calculation of 12 variants
of which takes 2 minutes.
1235� Agroskin, V. I., Zarkh, A. Z., and Tikhomirova, L. N. Algorithm for
determining the characteristics of the lower wall of the "earth-ionosphere"
waveguide along the propagation path of signals of the SDB [not identified]
range. Voprosy radioelektroniki, Ser. Obshchetekh., 1970, No 6, pp 35-~+2�
Bibliography: 2 items. An ALGOL procedure is presented for finding the
electric conductivity of the earth's surface along the path. The memory -
_ volume is 560 cells and the time required for calculation of a path with a -
length of 10,000 l~n is 10 seconds. :
12~+3� Kutikov, V. Yu., and Tsekhano~rich, G. S. Generalized algorithm for -
estimating the precision of navigationa? determinations from data of range-
finder, doppler and range-finder-dopp�ler measurements. Voprosy radioelek-
troniki, Ser. Obshchetekh., i97g, No 6, pp 10-17. Bibliography: 7 items.
An ALGOL program has been compiled for estimating the influence of inde-
pendent and systema.tic errors of ineasurement of radionavigation parameters,
determini.ng the position of artificial earth satellites and synchronization
of the generators of satellites and maneuvering characteristics of an ob-
ject for the precision of coordinates, velocity, course angle and correc-
tions for frequence and phase toward the generator of the object. The
length of the translation program is about 3500 cells. The solution time
depends on the length of the session, the navigation determi.nations and
the volume of the information to be Frocessed.
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1276. Golub, M. A., Karpeyev, S. V., and Nezhevenko, Ye. S. Investiga-
tion of space filters synthesized by computer. Voprosy kinernetiki~U~SR
Acade~y of Sciences, Scientific Council for the Complex Problem "Cyber-
netics,f' i979, No 62. Automatian of E~erimental Investigations, pp 56-63.
Bibliography: 6 items. A generalized spectral analysis is made of a co-
herent optical processor that uses synthesized holographic space filters
that realize the basic ~anctions of a Karunen-Zoev expansion. A PPP [un-
identified] is described in the PL~1 and FORTR.AN languages, the interac-
~tion of the programs in which is accomplished by means of an input lan-
guage .
12$3. Kuklin, G. N., and Sukhanov, S. V. Simulating model for the syn-
~hesis of digital recursive filters. Voprosy kibernetiki~USSR Acade~y of
_ Sciences, Scientific Council for the Complex Problem "G~rbernetics," 1979,
No 62, Automation of Experimental Investigations, pp 36-44. Bibliography:
5 items. A description is given of a PPP [not identified] in the FL~1
language for the planning of digital filters and its application for the ~
synthesis and investigation of a set of infra-low-frequency filters.
1284. Kandrashina, Ye. Yu., Ochakovsk~ya, 0. N., and Golubeva, L. A. The
VOSTOK-0 experi.mental question-and-answer system. Program realization.
Novosibirsk, 1979, 26 pages. (Preprint~Siberian Department, USSR Acade~y
of Sciences, Computer Center; No 200. VOSTOK Plan). Bibliography: 2
items. The VOSTOK-0 system includes four processors: a text analyzer, a
semantic analyzer, a retrieval processor and a reply synthesis processor.
The total volume of the program part is about 1300 SETL lines.
1285. Narin'yani, A. S. ZAPSIB linguistic processors. Parts 1-2. Novo- -
sibirsk, 1979. (Preprint~Siberian Department~USSR Academy of Sciences, -
Computer Center). Part 1. Tasks of the plan, 22 pages (No 199, ZAPSIB
Plan, No 1). BibliograpY~y: 6 items. Part 2. General scheme and principal
modules, 48 pages (No 202, ZAPSIB Plan, No 2). Bibliography: 9 items. _
1286. Numerov, V. S. On expansion of the SETL language ~rith program-
determined types of data. Novosibirsk, 1979, 18 pages. (Preprint~Siberian
Department, USSR Academ~y of Sciences, Computer Center; No 207. SETL Plan,
No 5). Bibliography: 6 items. A special linguistic construc~cion (type
description) is introduced which defines the new types of data on the
available set of types.
~299. Vinitskiy, S. I., Melezhik, V. S., Puzynin, I. V., et a1. Program _
for numerical solution of the par.~tial S.turm-Liouville problem for a sys-
tem of second-order linear differential equations. Dubna, 1979, 23 pages. -
(Soobshch. OIYaI; Nu R5-12787). Bibliography: 10 items. Described is the -
- FORTRAN program SISTEM for solution of the Sturm-~iou~rille problem for a
_ system of differenti al equations, that is, the problem of calculating the -
- eigenvalues and eigenf~.ir~.ctions of a system of up to 40 second-order linear
differenti al equations. The text of the probram is in tYie OIYaI program
library.
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1361� BoY~'ov, 0. D., Kleshchev, A. S., and Zifshits, A. Ya. Syntax and
semantics of the REAL language . Prepr. int, Vladivostok, 197g, ~+0 p~es .
USSR Acade~y of Sciences, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Institute of _
Automati~n and Control Processes. Bibliography: 5 items. Abstract and
specific syntax and the informal semantics connected with it of the REAL
language for applied artificial intellect systems.
1375� Shkovin, N. Y. Symbolic language for the description of printed
circuits "Proza." Dubna, 1979, 11 pages. (OIYaI Report No 10-125~+7. Bibli-
ogr aphy: 3 items. The symbolic language PROZA is constructed from symbols
of the ASC-11 code, and its basis is the representation of a printed cir-
cuit in the form of a coordinate X-Y plane. The component parts of the
language are described: the rating sheet, technical characteristics and the
description of the printed circuit.
1376� Y~-dashev, T., and Farkhadov, T. The PREFOR formula language� -
Voprosy vychislitel'noy i prikladnoy matematiki. Uzbek SSR Acade~y of Sci-
ences, Institute of Cybernetics with Computer Center, ig7g, No 57, PP 36-
51. Bibliography: 13 items. The PREFOR (formula conversion) language was
developed on the basis of the ALGOL language for the computer realization
of algorithms of analytical conversions of symbolic information. A syn-
tactic description of formulas is given.
1391� Gorel'kov, A. L., Rossina, V. A., and Mikhaylov, Yu. M. The INTRA-A _
system for the construction of dialog translators for the model M-400 com-
puter. In the book: Truc~y MFTI, Seriya Astrofizika i prikladn~y'a matema-
tika. Dolgoprudnyy, 1g79, pp 2~+1-2~+3. Bibliography: 1 item. INTRA-A
synthesis permits constructing multilar,guage dialog translators that pro-
vide for the processing of several independent languages in the course of
a single session of communications with a user. The structure of the sys-
tem has been tested on two analogous systems for the M-222 and BESM-6 com-
puters.
- 1393. 1~~~,Ylov, S. V., and Soyfer, V. A. Analysis of an algorithm for
field restoration on the basis of data of multichannel registration.
Voprc+sy kibernetiki~USSR Acade~y of Sciences, Scientific Council for the
Complex Problem "Cybernetics," i979, No 62, Automation of Experimental
- Irvestigations, pp ~+5-55� Bibliography: 4 items. Investigation of the
characteristics of precision of restoration of the field and transmission
bands (response ti.m.e) of the system of experiment automation with use of
the M-b000 - M-403~ computer complex.
1~00. Petrenko, A. I., Tsurin, 0. F., Baranskiy, V�, and Soya, Z. Ques-
tions in planning the topology of hybrid integrated circuits. Automatiza-
tsiya proyektirovaniya v elektronike (Autamation of Planning in Electron-
ics), Republic Interdepartmental. Scientific and Technical Collection, _
197g, No 20, ~p 60-6~+. Bibliography: 7 items. 'I'he paper deals with the
input and processing of starting data, the formation of the topology and
_ the disposition of components, the tracing of connections, monitoring of
e ach state and derivation of results. The dialog system was realized on
� an M-6000 computer using the TM~~703 graph plotter.
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1405. Gorbunov-Posadov, M. M., Koryagin, D. A., and Krasotchenko, V. V.
Realization of systems filling of the SAFRA applied program packet (Ver-
sion 2.0). Moscaw, 1979, 19 pages. (Preprint~USSR Academy of Sciences,
Institute of Problems of Mechanics, No 186). Bibliography: 9 items. The
paper desdribes version 2.0 of tYie SAFRA applied program packet for the
solution of problems of mathematical physics.
1422. Markachev, Yu. Ye. Iteration algorithms for calculating the sta-
~ tionary flow of viscous gas in a Lavalle f~.irinel in the vicin~ ty of a nar-
row channel. Trudy TsAGI, 1979, No 2024, pp 3-16. Bibliography: 17 items.
1500. Laskovoy, V. N., and Maksimov, G. M. Software of the network of
controlling PDP-8 mini computers in a mul.ti-machine complex with the DEC-
10. Serpukov, 1979, 12 pages. IFBE Preprint No Oea 79-1~+0). Biblio-
graphy: 6 items. The paper describes the solution of the connection of
PDP-8 mini computers over asynchronous communication lines with a DF~^,-10
computer, the compatibility of coding and the problem of program loading.
The total volume of the software is more than 10,000 language
operat.~rs of the type of the Assembler at labor expenditures of 2 man-years.
- 1501. Morozov, B. A., Nomokonov, P. V., and Smionov, V. A. Programs for
the reception and processing of data in experiments on smal.l-angle scat-
tering. Dubna, 1979, 10 pages (OIYaI P.eport No R13-21703). Bibliography:
_ 5 items. In the reception of data in a computer information arrives on
- the energy of recoil nuclei from eight E-E telescopes constr~acte3 of
silicon semiconductor detectors. The work of the reception program is con-
trolled accord.ing to the operator's orders and the interruption signals
from real-time clocks and electronic apparatus. All the programs were
_ created for the PDP-11 computer.
1519. Kureychik, V. M., Kalashnikova, V. A., and Izakson, D. Kh. Con- ~
struction of a model of
a plate during two-layer tracing. Elektronn~}ra
tekhnika. Ser. 10. Mikroelektronnyye ustroystva (Microelectronic Devi-
ces)5 1979, No 2(8), pp 67-74. Bibliography: 5 items. The paper de-
scribes two models of a printing plate oriented toward minimization of the
number of intracircuit intersections ar.d interl~yer transitions. Models
do not depend on the type of outputs of the structures of integrated cir-
cuits. A FORTRAN program is dPSCribed that has about 1500 instructions.
COPYRIGHT : None
( 2174/33~+]
2174
CsO: 1863
_ 49
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~
~
UDC 518.1
- COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMMING
Moscow VYCHISLITEL'NYYE METODY I PROGR.AMMIROVANIYE in Russian
No 29,1979 pP 2~ 197-, 196, 197-19&
[Annotation~ article excerpt and bibliography~ and table of
_ contents of the collection of works "Vychislitel'nyye Metody i
Programmirovaniye" edited by V.V. Voyevodin and V.A. Morozov~ _
Scientific Research Computer Center~ Moscow State University~
Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta~ signed to press 29 Ma.y
19?9, 2l200 copies, 198 pages] _
[Text ] ANNOTATION
The articles in this book describe the development of the "Pro-
gram Generator" automatic programming system~ which was devel-
ope~ at Moscow State University's Scientific Research Comput~r
Center and realized on a BESM-6 high-speed computer. (A previ-
ous collection of works devoted to th~s sy~te~ No 22 cras
= published in 1974.) The collection consists of two sections.
In the f irst, the articles describe the development of the
"Generator" software, which was related to the development of a
new input language for the system an inquiry language for
interrogations as well as the realization of a new assign-
- ment control language and the improvement of the program gener-
ation process. The second sect3on contains a description of
inquiry lar~guages for interrogations by individual numerical
analysis classes that enable a user unfamiliar with programming _
languages to obtain the programs he needs for the solution of �
standard numerical ana,lysis problems in the standard language
F ORTRAN.
- This collection of works is intended for a broad circle of spe-
cialists in program~;ing and numerical methods, and will also be
useful for students and graduate students in these specialties.
A SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING FILES ON A BESM-6 HIGH-SPEED COMPUTER
~Excerpt and bibliography]
50
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The storage and updating of filesl on carri~rs and the genera-
tion from them of the required versions of programs with data
is an important component part of successfully completed work
= on the creation and operation of automated systems. Therefore~
editing programs (such as RENUMB*, EDIT) have been widely in-
, troduced along with other software into the practice of pro- -
gramming on a BESM-6 high-speed computer (.1]. These editors~
_ however~ solve only the first problem that of file storage
and updating ~rithout essentially touching on the solution of
the second and more important problem, which is that of gener-
ating the required v~rsions of programs with data from the set
available on the carriers. -
Recently we saw the appearance of the PATCHY system~ which con-
sists of the PATCHY collecting program and the UPPA ed3ting
program~ which were created in the CERN system [2~3] for a ser-
ies of international-class computers and hane been adapted for
the BESM-6 high-speed computer C4~5J. Since it is a convenient
tool for the creation and operation of small and medium-sized
programs~ this system is particularly convenient for the plan-
ning of large automated systems.
B IBLI OGRAPHY -
1. Volkov A. I. ~ text editor ~ IAE PREPRINT 2 51 ( Institute of
Automa~ion and Electrometry Preprint ~:,;~1.~, Moscow~ 19'74~ p
24,
2. Pagiola E, PROGRAM PATCHY. CERN COMPUTER 6000 SERIES PRO-
_ GRAM ~ L~BR.AI~Y II ? Geneva ~ 1968 .
3. PROGRAM UPPA. CERN COMPIITER 6000 SERIES PROGRAM~ LIBRARY II~
_ ueneva, CERN~ 1968. _
_ 4. Govorun N.N, et al. TRUDY MEZHDIINARODNOGO SOVESHCHANIYA
PO PROGI~.AMMIR~IVANIYtT ~ MATEMATICHESKIM METODAM RESHENIYA r I_
- Z ICHESKIKH ZADACH (Works"of the Interantional Conference on
Programming and Mathematical Methods for Solving Physical
Problems) Du~na~ OIYaI [Joint Institute of Nuclear Re- ~
search] ~~'reprint D10-770~ ~ 19~~, pp 555-5~+� ~
5. Dorzh L. TRUDY III MEZHDUNARODNOY SHKOLY PO VOPROSAM IS- ~
= POL'ZbVAN~YA EVM V YADERNYKH TS5LEDOVANIYAKH (Works of the
3d International School on Questions of the Utilization of
- Compnters in Nu~lear Research), Dubna~ OIYaI, Preprint 10~
- 11-84 50, 1974, PP 3 57-388. -
1Here a file is considered to be a s~equence of 18-symbol cards.
_ 51
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rUtt urrt~tt~ u~n ULVLL
6. Zel'dionova~ S.A. ~ Zuyev~ V.I. ~ et al. ~ POL'ZOVATELYU PO RA-
BOTE S OFERATSIONNOY SISTEMOY DISPAK DLYA BESM-6 (For the
User Working With the DISPAK Operating System for the BESM-6
High-Speed Computer), Moscow IPM AN SSSR ~Institute of the
Problems of Mechanics ~ IISSR ~icademy of Sciences Preprint~
1972. .
7. Bokova I. D. Zel' dionova S.A . et al OPERATS IONNAYf~ S IS -
TEMA D~SPAK 1~LYA BESM-6 (~OL'ZO~ATELYU) (The DISPAK Operat-
in System for the BESM-6 High-Speed Computer (for the Us-
_ er~)~ Moscow~ IP'M AN SSSR~ Preprint~ 1973�
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Pa ge
- Part 1. "Program Generator" Soft~rare
- The "Program Generator" Assignment Control Language
_ (V , G , Baula ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- FORLAN: A Language for Describing "Program Generator" In- _
terrogatory Inquiries
_ (O.Bo Arushanyan~ S.S. Gaysaryan~ S.F, Zaletkin). 21
Coprograms for Providing "Program Generator" Interrogative =
_ Inquiry Languages
(O.B. Arushanyan~ N.I. Volchenskova~ S.S. Gaysaryan~ S.F.
Zaletkin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Representing the FORLAN Language With the Help of a System
of Information Tables
(O.B. Arushanyan~ S.F. Zaletkin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
A Translator F.rom the FORLAN Language to the Language of
Information Tables
(O.B, Arushanyan~ S.F. Zaletkin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
A Translator From Tnterrogation Inquiry Languages Into -
MAKF OR
- (O.B. Arushanyan, N.I. Volchenskova, S.F, Zaletkin~ I.V.
_ Zyuryayeva~ Ye.Ye. Pozdnyakova) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
P1an of a High-Speed Macroprocessor the the "Program Gener-
ator" System $ -
(Yu.V. Kuchevskiy). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
A General-Purpose Language P~ocessor
(Yu.V. Kuchevskiy). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
F~RKOL Langua e Software
(v. G. Bauia~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l05 -
- 52
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Page
Part 2. "Program Generator" Interrogation Inquiry Languages
An Interrogation Inquiry Language for the Generation of So- ~
lution Programs for Initial Value Problems for Standard
Differential Equations bp Single-Step Difference Methods
- (O.B. Arushanyan~ S.S, Gaysarqan, S.F. Zaletkin). 123
An Interrogation Inquiry La~guage for ~he Generation of
_ FORTRAN Solution Programs for a Linear~ Homogeneous Sys-
tem oP Standard Differential Equations by the Exponential
Method
(S.F. Zaletkin) . . , . , . . , ~ , , . , , . ~ . , . . . 147
A Set of Comodules for the Generatio~ oP FORTR.AN Solution
Programs for Standard Differential Equations by the Expo-
nential Method
(S.F. Zaletkin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
A Family of Inquiries for Mean-Square Approximation
~M.K. Samarin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.70
Interrogations for Numerical Integration Programs With the
_ Help of Inquiries
(O.V. Brushlinskaya~ L.G, Vasil'yeva) . . . . . . , . . ~ 1g2
~ A System for Processing Files on a BESM-6 High-Speed Com-
puter
(P.N. Zaikin, V.N. I1'yakov, N.I. Kozlov~ N. Niradi~ A.G.
Sex~ebryakov) e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta~ 1g79
C31o-11746] -
117~+6
- cs o : 1863
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L VL\ Vi 1 tU~.aal.1 VNV V~~ua
UDC 517.9
COMPUTER SOLUTION OF SHELL THEORY PROBLEMS
Kiev RESHENIYE ZADACH TEORII OBOLOCI~K NA EVM in Russian 1979 signed to -
press 12 Nov 79 p 2~
[Annotation,from the book "Resheniye zadach teorii obolochek na EVM" by
Ya. M. Grigorenko and A. P. Mukoyed, Golovnoye Izdatel'stvo Izdatel'skogo
ob"yedineniye Vishcha shkola, 2,000 copies, 280 pages]
[Text] The methods of computer solution of boundary-value problems which
describe the stress-strain state of thin-wall shells are outlined in the
- manual. The main concepts and relations of shell theory are presented and
approaches to solution of problems described by or reduced to ordinary dif-
ferential equations are given. The computation aspects of applying the fi-
nite difference method, variation-difference method, the direct element
method and the finite element method to solution of various classes o~
shell theory problems are considered. The problems of realizing these
methods on the computer are discussed and examples of solving the consid-
ered classes of problems are presented.
The manual is intended for students and postgraduate students of universit-
ies and higher technical educational institutions and can be used by spec-
ialists involved in calculations of shell structures. 88 figures, 78 tables,
_ 60 references. _
[320-6521]
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'skoye ob"yedineniye "Vishcha shkola", 1979
6521 _
CSO: 1863
- 54 ~
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
METHODS OF SPLINE FUNCTIONS (COMPUTING SYSTEMS)
Novosibirsk VYCHISLITEL'NYYE SISTEMY in Russian No 75, 1978 signed to press -
9 Oct 78 pp 1-2
[Excerpts from the collection "Vychislitel'nyye sistemy," Institute of
Mathematics of the Siberian Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 800
copies, 142 pagesJ
[Text] The collection is devoted to the theory and application of spline
functions. Splines are used to solve problems of interpolation, smoothing
and approximation of functions and to solve differential and integral equa-
tions.
The second part of the collection is comprised of articles devoted to a
stable methods of a'trial run for solving linear difference and differential
boundary-value problems. Application of these methods is determined only
by the correctness of postulating the boundary-value probl~ms.
The materials of the collection are of interest to a wide range of speciai-
ists engaged in problems of the theory and application of splines and in '
computer mathematics methods.
Contents Page
= 1. A. Imamov, Smoothing Splines 3
2. B. M. Shumilov, Local Approximation by First-Degree Splines 16
3. B. M. Shumi].ov, Local Approximations by ~ao-Variable Linear Splines 23
4. V. A. Skorospelov, Cubic Spline-Interpolation as a Means of
Approximation of Space Curves 36
5. N. N. Pavlov, The Problem of Approximating Space Curves by
Cubically Parametric Splines 45
6. A. Imamov, Formulas for Interpolation of Many-Variable Functions 50
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7. A. Imamov and V. P. Romenskiy, The Method of Spline-Col-
location for the Poisson Equation in a Rectangular pomain 56
- 8. S. I. Fadeyev, The Universal Trial.Run A"lgorithm 68
9. S. I. Fadeyev, Numerical Solution of the Linear Boundary-
Value Problem for an Ordinary Differential Method by the
Differential Trial Run Method 80
10. V. P. Gayevoy, One Method of Constructing Difference Equations
for Two-Point Boundaxy-Value Problems 96 ~
11. V. A. Leus, Numerical Solutior? of a System of Curvilinear -
Integral Equations 111
12. V. I. Asner and L. Z. Novgorodtseva, A Nonlinear Programming
Problem Related to the Vibrational Displacement Equation 118
13. Abstracts 137
[272-6521]
COPYRIGHT: Institut matematiki SO AN SSSR, 1978
6521
CSO: 1863
- 56
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- OPTIMIZATION OF COMPUTATIONS
Kiev OPTIMIZATSIYA VYCHISLENIY in Russian 1979 pp 101-102
[Table of contents from collection of articles published by the Institute
of Cybernetics, 650 copies, 109 pages] -
[Text]
CONTENTS
Amerbayev, V. M., Kasimov, Yu. F.
Some Questions of Optimizing Computations in Algebraic Structures
Geche, F. E.
Synthesis of a Threshold-Dis~unctive Net
_ Ivanov, V. V., Belonog, T. M., Berezovskiy, A. I.
Elucidation of Apriori Information
Korzhova, V. N.
- Optimization of Estimates of Differential Laws of Probability Vectors
Vasilenko, S. S.
On a~et of Fortran Programs for Computing Fast Fourier Transforms
a Girlin, S. I~.
On a Serially Optimal Algorithm for Locating the Minimum of Unimodal
Functions
- Berezovskiy, A. I.
Toward the Approximation of Functions by Parabolic Spl~ne _
Kotenkova, G. N.
On an Effective Method of Computing Lagrange Functions
Danilchenko, L. S. -
Computing the Values of Chebyshev Multimembers
57
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Babich, M. D., Gritsak, L. I.
On Constructing a Real Iteration Process for Compute�r Solution of
~ntegral Equations
, Yatsenko, Yu. P.
Optimally Precise Solution Algorithms for Certain Problems in the
Macroeconomic Model of V. M. Glushkov
Dzekh, V. N.
Solution of a Large System of Linear Algebraic Equations with Segmented
Matrices by the Method of Simple Iteration Using a YeS Computer
Loposova, T. N.
One Means of Optimizing a Program for the Solution of Systems of
Linear Algebraic Equations With a High Dimension by the Gauss-Zeydel'
Method
Kaspshitskaya, M. F., Tukalevskaya, N. I.
Approximation of One Class of Discrete Functions
[356-P]
COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki, 1979
CSO: 1863-P
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PROBLEMS ~F CONVEX ANALYSIS AND THEORY OF EXTREMAL PROBLEMS
Novosibirsk OPTIMIZATSIYA in Russian No 21, 1978 p 3, 153-159
[Table of contents and article from journal edited by V. A. Vasil'yev]
LText]
Contents
CONVEX ANALYSIS
V. A. `?asil'yev. Polynomial cores of cooperative games 5
V. A. Vasilyev. Support function of a convex cooperative game 30
A. G. Kusrayev. On subdifferential mappings of convex operators 36
A. G. Kusrayev. Convex approximations of non-smooth operators and
the necessary conditions for the extremum 41
B. P. Chernik. On one generalization of the notion of a weak =
Chebyshev system 55 -
B. P. Chernik. On the characterization set of the best approximation
problem 65
_ NUMERICAL METHODS
S. S. Volokitin. On the optimization of block processes of Ne;wton-Kanto- _
rovich 75
V. P. Darmakheyev. A method of unstrict successive projections 92
V. P. Kalashnikov. Some problems of lexicographical minimization 109
A. A. Kaplan. On the analysis of some estimates of the velocity of
convergence in the penalty method 121
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MODELS OF DYNANIICS AND EQUILIBRIA
I. V. Razbayev. Spaces of Neumann-Gale models 127
A. M. Rubinov. On one macroeconomic model 139
SIMULATION MODELS
~ S. M. Antsyz, V. F. Fefelov. The software system of a long-run
plan calculation 153
Yu. M. Zybarev. Influence of workers' specialization in a
machine-building plant section on the rules of decision-making 166
Abstracts 178
= SOFT`~VARE SYSTEM OF A LONG-RUN PLAN CALCULATION
S. M. Antsyz and V. F. Fefelov
A software sy~ ~~m (SMO) is described in this article for the subsystem "Future
planning" of t~. sector automated system "ASU-Pribor-P", adopted in 1975 for =
industrial use bv the GKNT State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers. _
- The subsystem "Future planning" is intended for calculation of five-year plans in =
the instrument construction sector. It is based on DOS/YeS softw are and may
operate under independent conditions regardless of the operation of other "ASU-
Pribor/P" subsystems. The State Committee recommends the subsystems ~
"Future planning" for use in other sectors of machine construction.
A certain amount of practical experience is now available in the use of the
subsystem for calculating Minpribor plans for the 9th and lOth Five-Year Plans.
- A substantive descri~tion of the subsystem, the economic formulations and
composition of problems t~ackled are cited in [1-4]. We will therefore confine
ourselves here to a breif exposition of the economic and mathematical aspect of
the problem, mainly focusina on the structure and operation of the software.
- 1. Goals of the "Future planning" system and compositions of jobs to be tackled.
This SMO for future planning of development of the machine-construction sector
is intended for automation of futur~ plan calculations in a cross section of the
sector as a whole, all-union industrial associations (subsectors) forming the
sector, and industrial enterprises of the sector. Furthermore, composite
documents on territorial ar~d economic complexes will be produced which will
describe the total production of sector enterprises related to a given region. -
~
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The central task of the system is to construct eqa~?iy eifecti~~e subsector plAns -
_ which are obtained as a result of the solution of a sequerc; oi optimization
probiems. The data base for these problems is prepared by ct~e syste: w under
automated conditions. It represents the set af variants o~ ear~r~rise ~.~~elo~-
ment generated on the basis of a set of siniulation mo~els e:ahorPted at
Gipropribor (Leningrad). It is assumed that eacn variant of development r,~ay be ~
effected in practice. However, when the sec�oi� plan is d~ a~vn up on ~.:i~e basis
of these variants, several general constrnints musi be taken into conside:ation,
especially: a) amounts of capital investments of various kinds cvhici-~ ar~ assigned
for the sector as a whole; b) volumes of capital investments in ~he planr:ing
period; c) volumes of incomplete construction in the last year of ~ne planning
period; d) assi~nments for production of especial:ty im~or~ant grou~s of products;
e) constraints on the loading of existing industriai capacities.
The model of construction of the future plan of the sector corsis~s of a set of
various kinds of optimization problems. According to user :~~~ds and othar
conditions, a certain specific problem soivinb sequence is forrnuiatea.
_ Let us list the basic problems comprising these sequenc~s.
A. The problem of finding the maximally possible level of satis:action by the
- sector of national economic needs based on constraints (e) alone.
B. The problem of defining the minimum volme of n~ceesa: y ca~ita~
investments for the subsector based on all constraints except {a).
Problems A and B are formed for each subsector. -
C. The problem of finding the maximally possible level oi satisfaction by the
sector of national economic needs; requirements of equal effectiveness of futur~
plans of the subsectors and all above constraints are taken into considaration.
D. The problem of defining the m:nimum volume of capital inves~m~nts
necessary to the sector as a whole, with an assigned levei of satisfaction for
each subsector of national economic needs based on all constraints except {s).
E. The problem of finding the maximally possible level of satisfaction by the -
subsector of national economic needs wich constraints (a}, ;b), (c~ and ~nly
one of the development variants must be usea in the f~!~ui~e plan ~or each
enterprise.
F. The problem of defining the mimi.rnum volume o~ necess~r~~ c~pital ~
investments for the subsector under constr~inis (bj, (c;, anci assigna~9 levei af.
_ satisfaction by the subsector of il&t1GilAl eco:~o,~ic rraeds; ;,r.:y one of i~s
development variants is used for eac'r~ ent~rprise.
C1, D1, E1, F1. Problems obtained from probiems C-E by intrc~ucing addit~~~;~al
- constraints on the percentage reduction i, current expenditures.
- 61
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r~n vrri~.icu~ u~u viv.~~
C2, D2, E, F2. Problems obtained from problems C-E by introducing additional
constraints on the manufacture of goods.
As a result of solving problems A and B it is determined whether or not there
exists a plan constructed in the assigned set of variants which satisfies all
constraints. If there is none, the system considers national economic needs
equal to the volume of product output defined by solution of problems A, while
the limits of capital investment are equal to the sum of capital investments
from solutions of problems B; thereby the assignment for calculation conforms
to industrial resources.
- Problems A and B are linear programming problems, while problems E and F(E1
and F1, E2 and F2) are problems of discrete programming with linear
constraints. To solve problems C and D(C1 and D1, C2 and D2~ the system
utilizes an algorithm for redistribution of resources presented in 1, in each of
whose iterations the set of problems of linear programming is solved.
In order that the system be able to solve the problems formulated above, the
following must be implemented:
1.1) input of information on the composition of the sector and product variety;
basic information on the status of enterprises and associations of the sector;
- information on approved projects of enterprise development in the planned -
- period; standards and reference information; monitoring of all information for
- completeness and reliability; conversion of information into a form convenient
for calc~lations; organization of compact storage of data and efficient retrieval;
1.Z) calculation based on basi information of the set of development variants
of enterprises in the planning period, organization of storage and retrieval.
1.3) calculation of the matrices of coefficients of optimization problems based
_ on enterprise development variants. -
Then follows:
- 1.4) calculation of equally effective future plans by associations with delivery
to sector management of the basic Qlan indicators.
It is also possible that sector management will not accept the plan and will
- decide to alter the control parameters. This involves calculation of a new plan.
This dialog between management and the system continues until the management
obtains a satisfactory plan for the sector. Then follows:
1.5) direct plan calcualation of indicators forming the output documents of the
system based on plans obtained and delivery of documents to press. _
2. SMO Structure
The SMO structure coresponds to the described process. The system specifies ~
five relatively independent complexes of programs (INFORM, VARIANT, MAT- _
RITSA, OPTIMUM, DOKUMENT) which execute stages 1..1-1.5. Complexes of
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the pro~rurri fzre reluted into A single progrum (system) by the main dispatcher.
Work of the complexes is organized by their dispathcers. Each complex
introduces information from UWK about parameters which control calculation
_ and are considered in this complex. This makes the complex funetion
independently and produces additional possibilities for calculations.
All information of the system is organized into files which are stored in
peripheral memory. The storage unit is the entry, a block which combines
indic,^.tors uniform with respect tc the algorithms which use them. According to -
this principle, one and the same indicator may be stored in various entries, The
~ entry is stored in compact form. To accelerate retrieval, entries are combined
- into larger aggregates-forms whose totality forms the file. Catalogs of forms -
- and entries are formulated. The totality of organized file~ forms the system
data base serviced by a special group of modules. Establishment of ~ system _
data base with these principles of organization is felt by the developers to be
- necessary if the system functions as a OASU subsystem with a common-system
data base containing all basic information entering into the system.
The data bnse of the system described consists of four files. The complex
INFORM prepares the VARIANT, OPTIMUM, DOKUMENT used in the ^omplexes: _
2.1) name lexicons of enterprises, associations, territorial and economic
complexes, product groups, and -
2.2) standards and referenee data, and
2.3) basic information on enterprises using the VARIANT complex.
All INFORM-prepared entries are stored in the INFORMATSIYA file. -
The VARIANT complex calculates variants of enterprise development processes
in the MATRITSA, DOKUMENT complexes. They are stored in t,~e IN-
FORMATSIYA file. The MATRITSA complex generates matrices of op- -
_ timizational problems formed ;nto the OPTIMUMY file which is used in the
OPTINIUM complex.
The OPTIMUM complex determines various variants of the future sector plan. -
These plans are entered into the PLANTABLITSA file and are used in the
DOKUMENT complex. The system has a RABOCHIY (working) fi'.E for storage
of various intermediate data which is used by all program complexes and has no
fixed structure or permanent content.
~ The structure and content of each file (except RABOCHIY), each of its forms
and entries are previously known. This circumstance underlies the organization
of monit,oring of file filling. It also permits tracking of the funetioning of
modules by testing the coincidence of the structure established in the calcu;ation
process with the described structure. In addition, relationships are known
between discrete indicators or totalities of indicators contained in one or more
. entries. This provides means for monitoring reliability of information.
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rvn vrri~iru. uoL v.~..,~
Si7ce the system processes information of economic content and is used under
industrial conditions in the GVTs sector, elaborators used the closed system
version, i.e., one in which the user has no discretionary control of the operating
system. They are premapped and the methods and order of their utilization are
_ arranged by the program. The system contains means which are specially
designed for organization of communicating with the user (economists engaged
in collection and analysis of data; sector managers responsible for elaboration of
the plan; operators oc~ganizing 5M0 funetic~n and performing specific cal-
culations) in the langu~ge used in their field.
- The method of control of SMO funetion is designed for package conditions, but =
- on-line intervention in the work of the complzxes is permitted. The user ~
organizes the execution of the actions he requires by forming the punched-card
" package. The package appears as follows: fixed control cards of DOS/YeS,
calculation headings (set of cards witia text containing basic parameters of
= r,alculation; this text with addition of file names is used as their markers),
~equ~nce of assignments for complexes which contains assignment for one ~r
more complexes. The assignment to a complex consists of a sequence of ~
subassignments where each subassignment either includes the set of control
cards of the complex and set of information cards, i.e., cards with initial _
- information; or else it consists only of control card of the complex. The sets
of control cards of the complex do not intersect. Each set of control cards has
a strictly defined set of system operations. Sets of control and information
cards are not arbitrary, but are dictated by the technology of the data
processing process in the system. ~
In conclusion, let us note that the SMO of the subsystem "Future planning",
� realized on the basis of the principles set forth, includes 12 DOS/YeS modules
(about 15 kbytes) and over 100 original modules, six of which assure interface
with several devices, are written in ASSEMBLER; others are written in
FORTRAN N. The overall volume of SMO in the library of a~solute modules is
- about 400 kbytes.
COPYRIGHT: Institut matematiki SO AN SSSR, 1978
[267-8617]
r_
8617
CS0:1863
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APPLICATIONS
UDC 681.51:53
" COMPUTER REGISTRATION AND PROCESSING OF PHYSICAL INFORMATION OBTAINED AT
THE TYAN'-SHAN' INTEGRATED INSTALLATION FOR THE STUDY OF EXTENDED ATMOS-
PHER=C SHOWERS OF COSMIC RAYS
No ci ty listed TR. FIZ. IN-TA AN SSSR [Works of the Physics Institute of the
USSR Academy of Sciences] in Russian Vol 112, 1979 pp 49-63 _
. ASEYKIN, V. S., ADAMENKO, V. K., GOLOVANOV, 0. G., YERISKOVSKIY, A. P.,
KRUTIKOV, Y'J. G. , SOLOV'YEVA, M. F. , STUPIN, YU. V. , SUBBOTIN, B. V. ,
TUKISH, YE. I, and SHAMt~RO, M. YE.
[From REFERATIVNYY ZHURNAL, TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA No 1, 1980 Abstract ~
No 1. 81.539]
[Text] This system for the computer registration and processing of data
contains a unit for collectin,s~, data from 2,500 charged-narticle detectors
and r ecording the data on magnetic tape, as well as a unit for reproducing
the data and entering them in a computer. The ~ata are recorded by the
methcd of resetting to zero on four tracks on tape of the 2,6 and 6D type
thzt is 6.25 mm wide. For a recording density of 7 lines/mm and a tape move-
ment speed of 762 min/s, the tape recorders are fully compatible. Devices
have been developed for entering recorded data in computers of the BESM-4, -
M-220, "Nairi" and "Nairi-2" types. Figures 10.
- [221-11746] -
COPYRIGHT: VINITI, 1980
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r v.. v.� i� ._,,,L
MULTIPLE USE OF COMPUTERS
Moscow KOLLEKTIVNOYE ISPOL' ZOVANIYE VYCHISLITEL'NOY TEKFINIItE. NWOYE V
ZHIZNI, NAUI~, TEKHNIKE. SERIYA "NAUKA I TEKHNIKA UPRAVLENIYA" in Russian _
No 4, 1980 signed to press 3 Mar 80
- [Excerpts from the book "Y.;ollektivnoye ispol'zovaniye vychislitel'noy
tekhnike, Novoye v zhizni, nauke, tPkhnike. Seriya 'Nauka i tekhnika
upravleniya"'by V. I. Maksimenko, doctor of economic sciences and I. M. _
K,orostelin, Izdatel'stvo Znaniye, 31,90 O copies, 64 pages]
[Excerpts]
A special dispatcher station was developed in 1977 at the VTs [Computer
center] of statistical management of Kiev. Approximately 200 different com-
puter centers with a stock of approximately 600 computers functioned in
- this city. The stock of computers used in Kiev was distributed by differ-
ent spheres of the national economy: 3 O percent for industry, 11 percent
for transport, 1 percent for commerce, 3 percentfor construction, 7 percent
for management, 16 percent for science, 22 percent for education and culture _
and 10 percent for miscellaneous. Medium- and small-capacity computers �
- comprise a significant fraction in the total city stock of computers. The
greatest amount of machine time (more than 50 percent) is used to carry out
_ scientific, engineering and technical and planning-design urork and approx-
i,mately 30 percent is used to process economic information.
The development of multiple-user computer centers for several enterprises
of the sector located close to each otYier contributes to solution of prob-
lems of organizational, procedural, in formation and program compatibility _
of ASU of different levels, thus provid ing joining of them into an OGAS
[Statewide automated system]. There are now more than 120 multiple-user
computer centers of different sectors and agencies in the country. The ac-
cumulated experience of design and operation of KVTs [Multiple-user comput-
er center] demonstrated the high economic e�fectiveness of this form of
using computer technology. Capital investments for ASU developed on the ~
basis of KVTs are reduced by 50-60 percent compared to individual computer
. 66
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- centers of enterprises and organizations and operating expenses are reduced
by one-half to one-third.
A new schedule of tariffs for the services of computer centers has become
operational since 1979, in which increases (discounts) on confirmed tariffs
- for gerformance of additional services have been established, along with
unified fees for machine-hour of computer operation according to type. The
new list has been distributed to all computer centers regardless of the
nature of their work and agency affiliation, as well as to other organiza-
_ tions having and operating computers on the same basis.
Table 1. Increases (Discounts) to Tariffs for Performance of Additional
- Services
~ ^
N ~
_ ~ ~
~ ~
. ~
O
U ~
U1 �rl
_ ~ J
~
Q ~ry
v ~
N ~
N ~
N N
_ Name of Composition ~ ~ -
Services of Services H a Remarks
Maintenance and Complete tech- +5 Technical documenta-
servicing of soft- nical maintenance tion on this support,
ware and informa- of this support maintenance of which ~
tion support of of the problems is carried out ac-
the customer. stored at the cording to regula-
computer center tions coordinated
on machine with the customer,
carriers is transferred to the
computer center
Expansion of stan- Availability of +5 Technical documenta-
dard software access to systems tion on standard
libraries and ap- software is made
plied program available to the
packages of cen- customer free of
ters operating charge
under management
of the main oper-
' ating system
~ 67 _
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rucc urr l~ltw u~~ VLYLL
Table 1 (Continued) _
Performance of
urgent operations +2
performing calcu-
lations within 24
hours from the
moment data are
presented .
performing calcu- +5
lations and issu-
ing results during
daytime (from 0800
to 1900 on the day
that input data
are presented)
performing calcu- 15
lations and issu-
ing results during
nighttime hours
Remote data processing The computer cen-
from terminals (user ter opens access
terminals af customers) to customers for
software and data =
transmission de- -
vices
according to pre- +10
viously agreed rate
free access to com- +15
puter resources
Table 2.
Rates per Machine Hour of Computer Op- _
Type of Computer eration According to Schedule, R
979s
1977
Minsk-22, Ural-14 30 30
Ural-16, M-222, Minsk-32, 35 35
M-6000 (three sets )
YeS-1020 80 70
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Table 2 (Continued).
YeS-1022 85 85 -
M-4030 85
YeS-1030 90 85
Ye5-1033 100 90
YeS-1040 200 110
BESM-6 100 100
A TVTsKP [Territorial multiple-user computer center] is a scientific produc-
tion organization supplied with a set o� jointly operating computers, user
stations and data transmission facilities with the appropriate software and -
information support which permits users, regardless of their agency affili-
ation, to use collectively (jointly and remotely) the computer capacities =
to solve accounting, planning and management problems.
VTsKP in the GSVTs [State Network of Computer Centers] are divided into
categories as a function of the productivity of computer equipment (Table 3).
Table 3.
Category of VTsKP Productivity, Millions of Operations
per Second
S 0.3- 0.5
4 0.5- 4.5 _
3 4.5-12.5
~ 2 12.5-25.0
1 25.0-50.0
P~ior to 1980, the developed experimental TVTsKP have been equipped with
computer complexes consisting of two YeS-1033 computers. A block diagram
of this computer complex is presented in Figure 1. The productivity of
this computer complex is approximately 400,000 operations per second. The
OS 4.1 operational system, the Oka data base management system and the
- Kama remote processing system were used as the main software.
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rutc urrl~iru, u~~ U1VLL
Additional computer
storage
- --on magnetic
discs--29 mgb
YeS-1033 --on magnetic
Computer tape (milli-
liters)
YeS-1033 -
Com uter
YeS-7906 Display
System ~
Additional Magnetic
YeS-8401, Tape Data Prepara- _
YeS-8402, tion Devices: ~
_ YeS-8403 YeS-9001; SPD-9000
Multi lexers
YeS-8001
YeS-8010 _
Modems
Local and Long-Distance Communications Lines
User Stations
AP AP AP
- Figure 1. Block Diagram of VTsKP Computer Complex
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The essential difference of the developed TVTsKP from existing computer
c enters is providing the ~pportunity to TVTsKP users to solve problems
remotely. The central computer complex is connected by communicati~ns
channels to hardware terminals installed at the users' center.
During the period 1981-1985 the TVTsKP can be realized on a computer com-
plex of older YeS EVM models, for example, two YeS-1060 or twc~ YaS-106S.
~ Moreover, only the central part of the YeS-1033 complex (processors, inter-
nal storage and logic retranslator) can be replaced by the central part of -
the Ye5-1060 , while the external storage devices, control devices and
peripherals can be left as before.
This makes it possible to increase VTsKP productivity up to 2.0 million
operations per second or more, to provide reprocessing of a large amount of
information and to service a greater number of users.
The All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Organization and
Control attached to the GIQIT [State Committee for Science and TechnologyJ
is now developing a standard dei-.ail plan of TVTsKP with user network.
The multiple-user computer centers enumerated in Table 4 are developed on
the basis of the State Statistical Computer Center.
Table 4.
Problems (Number)
~
~ -
v ~
Multiple- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
User o a~ v~ a+ N a
Territorial ~ ~ ~ 'N ~ ~ ~ N
Computer ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ rts ~ ~
Center ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ o
in Cities z ~ a ~ w v z ~n H
Minsk ?7 10 16 19 5 9 35 ~ 9_ 4~
Tallin 55 18 23 3 8 - 6 92
_ I
Tomsk 20 18 29 6 2 41 96
Tula 23 28 25 12 12 6 13 96
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rux urrl~lr~ u~~ U1VLL
A total of 92 problems for 55 users is now solved at the Tallin TVTsKP.
The expected annual saving comprises three million rubles. The composi-
tion of the main problems of the Tallin TVTsKP is presented in the
Appendix.
The AP-2, AP-4, AP-61, AP-63 and AP-70 YeS EVM user stat-ions are useu for
the initial stage of developing a VTsi~. These stations meet multiple-user
requirements and make it possible to provide local and remote pack process-
ing and "interrogation-response" modes.
The work on development of GSVTs is estimated for completion by 1990.
According to approximate calculations, KVTs will be able to encompass up
to 18,000-20,000 enterprises and organizations of th~ country.
Calculations made at the GSVTs have justified the feasibility of developing -
200 base territorial multiple-user computer centers for information-compu-
tational servicing of approximately 600,000 users (enterprises and organiz-
ations) regardless of agency affiliation.
- [319-6521]
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Znaniye", 1980
6521
CSO: 1863
- 72
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UDC 658.581.001.2:658.012.011.56.007
CALCULATING NUMBERS OF MAINTENANCE AND OPERATING PERSONNEL FOR AUTOMATED
SYSTII~IS FOR THE CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCTION ~
_ Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 2, 1980 pp 6-8
[Article by candidates of technical sciences N. A. Shishonok and V. Yu. ~
Lerner and engineers V. P. Karaulshchikov and L. A. ArtikJ ~
~ [Text] Determination of rational numbers of maintenance and operating per-
sonnel for ASUTP [Automated systems for the control of technological pro-
cesses and production~ is one of the tasks in insuring technical operation
of systems and is done for the purpose of obtaining input data for compil-
_ ing authorized personnel listings.
In this article the basic content of a method developed for calculating
numbers of maintenance and operating personnel is presented.
, Formulation of the Problem, Initial Prerequsities.
By maintenance and operating personnel we mean the aggregate of two groups -
of specialists on which the normal operation of an ASUTP depends, namely
maintenance personnel and operating personnel.
Maintenance personnel are used mainly to carry out maintenance on malfunc-
tioning technical equipment and this is done in enterprise repair shops. -
It is expedient to take the expected annual labor expenditure for carrying
- out standard repair work as a basis for calculating the numbers of mainte-
- nance personnel. �
Operating personnel insure correct functioning of the ASUTP by means of
monitoring efficiency, iechnical servicing, and system restoring ope~atione `
after equipment malfunctions. In terms of purpose and working conditions
operating personnel are operational (on watch) personnel. When calculatinK
numbers of operating personnel we proceed from the random nature of requira-
_ u:ents for restoring operations after system malfunction. -
The method contains a two-contour model for the processes of restoring and
repair of ASTITP's. The first includes the ASUTP, operating personneJ., and
the material-technical store, and the second, maintenance personnel, che
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material-technical store, and the repair shops at the enterprise. In accor-
dance with this kind of structure, the f.ollowing four demand streams are
distinguished: for system restoring o1erations caused by malfunctions of
all technical equipment; for repair of equipment in the repair shops, which
is part of the first stream; for technical servicing; and for carrying out
- major overhauls. The first two streams are random, the two latter are pre-
determined. The demand streama for system restoring operations and repair
of equipment are taken to be the simplest.
Numbers of maintenance personnel are calculated from the specializations of
personnel, and these are determined on the basis of dividing the ASUTP into
groups of equipment that is the same in terms of design and maintenance
operations. _
Two levels of training for maintenance and operating personnel are consid- -
ered for the calculations, namely middle level and higher level. The mid-
dle level of training contains all specialties, second through fourth ~
grades, and also technicians and engineers with op~rating experience of up
to three years. The higher level of training includes workers of all spe-
cialties at the fif'th and sixth grades and also technicians and engineers
with more than three years working experience. T.aking into account experi-
ence in repair of equipment and data from reference documents indicates
that the difference in productivity among maintena.nce and operating per-
sonnel with middle level. and higher level training is about 40%.
_ The Method for Calculating Numbers of Maintenance Personnel
At the f irst stage of calculation of the numbers of maintenance and oper-
ating personnel a determination is made of the groups of specialists re-
quired in accordance with the groups for equipment of the same kind in-
cluded in the ASUTP. The numberTpi; of personnel is established for each
group as a ratio of expected annual labor expenditure TE i for all kinds of
work in which the participation of maintenance personnel is envisaged -
against the annual amount of working time T~ for one worker:
- . Tp~ = TE~,/T~ _ (Ta~ + TTmi + Tmo~ T~
The main proportion of labor expenditure TE~ comprises total annual labor
expenditure T8'L on equipment maintenance, which does not exceed given proba-
bility 2'. Labor expenditure on carrying out techni~al maintenance Ttm~ and
- ma~or overhaul Tmo~ of a system is determined in accordance with the pro-
portional participation of maintenance personnel in these operations.
These components of labor expenditure are predetermined and can be elicited
from known parameters (periodicity and duration) for technical servicing -
and major overhaul.
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When determining the value of T~~ it is necessary to take into account the
- probable nature of requests made for repair of malfunctioning equipment,
- which depends on the expected gamma-percentage number for repairs to equip-
- ment in a given group
Assuming the flow of requests for repairs to be the simplest, the value for
- n3'c: can be found from the Poisson distribution tables;
na~ = f~1~ ~ 8~) . Here n i = ai,T w~ is the average number of malfunctions _
wher e A~is total intensity of malfunctions in restored, equipment in group
_ and TW~ the total annual work carried out. It is recommended that the
value fornai, be calculated for three graduations for a given probability:
2'1 = 0. 9, ~'2 = 0. 95, ~'3 = 0. 99 .
Ths value for n3Y. is found from the value selected for ~r and the average
numb er for ni repairs from the Poisson distribution tables. The gamma-per-
cent value for total annual labor expenditure on repair of equipment in
group ~ is determined approximately for specialists with middle level and
higher level training from the formulas
T~,~ ~ n~~ Tpi.~ ~1) _
- T~'~ ~ n~'~ 0.6 Tp~ (2~ -
- wher e Tp~is the average labor expenditure on repair of equipment in
group i..
For accurate determination of the value for T~c.it is necessary to find
the distribution function for the total duration of repairs which is a con- _
volu tion of a random number of repair operations of random duration. Com-
pari son of calcu.lations made by the accurate mEthod and from formula (1)
indicates that relative error d in determining the value of T~i. given n~ _
10 f or the exponential distribution of labor expenditure on carrying out
repa irs does not exceed 10% and is eliminated as p~ increases.
By r eckoning the annual amount of working time taking into account days -
off, holidays, vacations and sick days, and the coefficient for the utili~a-
tion of working time K~ it is established that the average value for T~ is -
1, 500 hours . -
The Method for Calculating Numbers of Operating Personnel
The method envisages two versions for calculating the numbers of operating
personnel from different indices for the sufficiency of personnel. In the -
fir.st version, the operational readiness KTt, of the equipment, as a func- _
tion of the numbers of operating personnel servicing the equipment of a
given group is used as the sufficiency index. In the second version, ti~e _
suff iciency index is the pro~ability P~. that the next request a*riving for
startup of equipment in a given group will be satisfied witho~ ~ y~ -
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The first calculation method can be used when the equipment in a group forms
a cascade series in terms of reliability. It is based on the use of the de- _
pendence of the average time TEc. to restore group t, equipment as a function
of the number Toc. of operating personnel in group 6. -
- 1 T{, _ � ~TOl,~ � ~3~
When equipment in a group is connected randomly the second version can be
used. Figure 1 shows the graph tor the dependence shown in formula (3} for
a group of electronic equi.pment. The value for TT~ is determined from the
well-known formula for operational readiness.
.
TE V_ 1- KT L Tot ~4)
KTL
where KTt is the given operational readiness of group ~ equipment (the value
for KT~ is defined within the limits 0.75-0.99), Tot is the operation on a
malfunction in an equipment group. `
- _ _ . . _ _
Te, v
S
4B 4
4 K~`Q75 Q9 qg1498
S 0, 0,995
C~ ) Cy 3
_ B9 1
2 ~=D,999
1
r3 Q S 4 3 2 1 0 10 1310 30 SO 1D0 100 3A7 1000T,v �
Figure 1. Nomogram for calculating n~bers
of operating personnel for group of electron-
ic equipment.
Key :
- 1. Personnel with middle level training
- 2. Personnel with higher level training
Figure 1 shows a combined nomogram for calculating number~ of operating -
personnel for a group of electronic equipment, taking into account the de-
- pendencies expressed by formulas (3) and (4). With the aid of the nomo-
gram and given known values for KT~ and To~, the value of TT~ is determined
from the Y-axis. The required number To~ of operating personnel per shif t
(watch) iG established from the selected level of personnel training from
the same nomogram. The total i7umber of operating personnel for group c.
equipment is calculated from the formula
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_ T01,, = STOl.~ \5~
whe~re 5 is the number of shifts for inauring continuous work by operating ~
personnel (S=4 to 5).
~ For convenience in finding values for TE,i, Guiding Technical Material as
- cited in the bibliography below presents graphs for the dependencies de-
scribed by formulas (3) and , constructed taking into account the level -
of training for personnel from analytical data from experience in the opera-
tion of ASUTP' s for three groups of equipment, namely electronic, electro- -
mechanical and sensing elements.
The second version for calculating the numbers of operating personnel is
based on use of the theory of mass servicing. In this case the work of
personnel on sh�.:rt is organized on the principle of "uniform mutual aid"
(see bibliography [2]), the essence of which is that when~there is a simul-
taneous occurrence of malfunctions of equipment in group in order to
restore the ASUTP, operating personnel are organized in such a way that the -
same number of people participate in each restoring operation. As in the _
first version, the number of operating pe�rsonnel per shift is calculated
using fornula (3), but the value for TEt is found as a function of the
given value for the probability of suffici.ency Pd,t; of operating personnel
for group L equipment.
- 4 r�6 Pd
0,99d ~
D,991 -
S ~
' d~
r-I ? 3
4~
_ 491
Q9S
Q9T -
- ~9
Qe
u,~
os
az
p f,51 14 S 7pp~1,51 345~79a~1,51 i45 7~p0
/ Figure 2, Graph for calculating numbers of _
or~erating personnel from probability of
~ s.ufficiency,
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The procedure for calculating number of operating personnel is as follows;
The initial value for the numbers of a duty ahift for equipment in group L
is taken as unity. Fro~m the graphs constructed from formula (3) the value
of TE~ is determined , and from this values for intermediate coeff icients
p~ = T�c~/Tot- are calculated. With the aid of the graphs showing the func-
tion .Pv~.~ = f(TOt, pc.), shown in Fig. 2, the value of Pda,~ is found. If it
is less than that g~ven for Pae,3, then the value of To~ is increased by one
and the procedures repeated. The value for Toe. at which Po~.i> Pd+t.3 deter-
mines the number or operating personnel per shift for a given group.
- The total number of operating personnel for group ~ equipment is calculated
f ~~om formula (5) . -
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Gu iding Technical Material 25.314-78 ASUTP. Reliability.
Calculation of Numbers of Maintenance and Operating Personnel.
2. Ye. S. Ventsel. "Issledovaniye operatsii" [Operations Research],
Moscow Sovetskiy radio 1972. -
[323-9642] -
COPYR.IGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye," "Pribory i sistemy
upravleniya," 1980 -
9642 -
CSO: 1863
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UDC 578.087.1
PROCESSING THE RESULTS OF BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE "ELEKTRONIKA B3-21"
MICROCOMPUTER
Kiev OBRABOTKA REZUL'TATOV BIOIAGICHESKIKH EKSPERIMENTOV NA MIKRO-EVM -
'ELEKTRONIKA B3-21' in Russian 1979 signed to press 12 Apr 79 pp 2, 14, 30,
31, 90-91
[Excerpts from the book "Obrabotka rezul'tatov biologicheskikh eksperimen-
tov na mikro-EVM 'Elektronika B3-21' by L. I. Frantsevich, Izdatel'stvo
Naukova dumka, 1,550 copies, 91 pages]
[Excerpts] ProgramF are presente.d in the book and their use for solution of
standard problems of statistical processing of experimental data is de-
scribed: calculation of distribution parameters, comparison of samples
- and calculation of difference criteria, finding the correlation eoefficient,
regression equations and so on. Programs for calc~slating some important
functions are considered. Practical advice on program compilation is given.
Intended for investigators, instructors and also for students of vuzes, and
~ractical workers in the field of biology, medicine and agriculture having
no special mathematical training.
Three figures, 5 tables, 27 references.
The 83-21 computer is capable of storing a program of 60 instructions.
Besides registers for storage of numbers 2-8 with independent access to
their contents, there is an original storage system in the B3-21 computer
consisting of six cells, the so-called stack, which form a closed ring of
six registexs (Figure 2) togetlier with register X.
Contents Page
� Foreword 3
_ Chapter 1. Work on the Machine
1. Arithmetic operations with two numbers 5
2. Display of fractional anci *~egative numbers 6
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cVh vDCt~.tcw u.)1:. va~a+a
~ Pezucmp ~Y)
~ X
S6 66 11 Jt
Sf 55 � 22 S2
Sy ~44 33 s3 .
Q
66 Pe ~cmp
J'6 55 _ 77 S~
J' 44 11 S2 -
S~ .~3 22 .5,~
b
� Pez~cmp
Ss 77 22 S~
. st 66 33 Sr -
Sy 55 44 S,~
c .
Figure 2. Ring Storage Stack: a--stack registers S1-Sg and register
X filled with "discernible" numbers; b--shift of register
contents clockwise by instruction P~; c--shift of regis- -
ter contents counterclockwise by instruction P ~Q? -
Key:
1 1. Register X
Page
3. Binary numbers 8
4. Calculation of functions 9
5. Sequence of operations 11
' 6. Recording of number in storage ancl retrieval from
- storage 13
7. Working from a finished program 14
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Page
Chapter 2. Programming
8. Introductory remarks 21 _
9. Initial compilation of program 22
10. Program debugging 24
11. Disposition of program in storage. Number of instructions
and control operations 27
12. Ring storage stack 30
13. Reduction of programs. Reorganization of the order of
calculations 33
14. Subprograms 37 _
15. Cyclic operations and conditional transitions 41
16. Optimization of operator's work 48
17. Separation of whole and fractional part of number 49
Appendix. Programs and Tables
1. Parameters of normally distributed sample 52 -
2. Parameters of normally distributed sample grouped into
classes 53
3. Four sample parameters 54 _
4. Comparison of two samples. The Student criterion 56
5. Comparison of two samples grouped into classes 57
6. The confidence limits of the binomial relation 58
7. The Chi-Square criterion for the 2 X 2 table 59 _
S. Comparison of two series of distributions (the Chi-
Square criteri~n) 60
9. The tetrachorical index of coupling 61
10. Linear correlation and regression 62 _
11. Linear correlation and regression with grouping into classes 63
12. Dispersion analysis 64
13. The sequential criterion for a normally distributed random
value with known mean square deviation 69
14. The sequential criterion for the mean value of alternative
distribution
15. Circular distribution 72
16. Circular distribution grouped by sectors 73
17. Harmonics of the Fourier series 74
18. The weighted sliding mean value for equally separated .
observations ~5
19. Sample entropy (for small samples) 76
20. Sample entropy (for large samples) 78
21. Conversion of the degree to radian measure 79
22. The decimal logarithm and antilogarithm 79
23. The factorial 8~
24. Poisson distribution 81
25. Binomial distribution 82
26. The probability integral (normal distribution) 83
27. Probit-analysis 84
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Page
_ 28. Linear interpolation from tables 85
29. Separation of the fractional and whole part of a mixed
number 86
30. Critical values of criterion t(the Student criterion) 86
31. Critical values of the ~2 criterion 87
Bibliography 88
[317-6521]
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Naukova dtanka", 1979
6521
CSO: 1863
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~ unc 681.3z7.b3
_ MAGNETIC TAPE SERVICE ORGANIZID FOR COMPUTER CENTERS
Moscow NAUCHNO-TEIffINICI~KAYA IN~DRMATSIYA in Russian No 3, 1980 pp 2, 3~ 4
- [ Article by Ya. P. Shturma,n and I.S. Duganovas "Magnetic Tape Service of
VINITI"]
[~x cerpts] Ana.lysis of the technical equipment of the centers making up
the SATsNTI [seti avtoma,tizirovannykh tsentrov nauchno-tekhnickeskoy
informatsii� networks of automa.ted centers for scientific and technical
informa,tion~ showed tha,t they, basically, ha,ve the appropriate ma,terial
prerequisites and, particula,rly, the machine resources iiecessary for
emission of data bases and for work with themt
Out of 47 electronic computers in operation in the AITs [avtoma,tizirovannyye
- informa,tsionnyye tsentry; automated.data centers] of the network, only three
computers are of foreign ma,nufacture and the rest are of domestic manu-
facture, and almost two-thirds of them axe third generation ma,chines;
There are seven mod.els of electronic computers used by the unified system
YeS; yedina,ya sistema,): the YeS-1052 (1 electronic computer); YeS-1050
2 electronic computers); YeS-1040 (4 electronic computers); YeS-1033 and
YeS-1030 (1 electronic computer each); YeS-1022 (10 electronic computers)
arui YeS-1020 (5 electronic computers);
Installed in eight organizations of SATsNTI are 14 Minsk-32 electronic
compute rs, and in six of them there axe also YeS elec~conic computers,
and such electronic computers axe lacking only in two centers;
In certain AITs of ~h,he network up to now there axe still electronic
computers of the Minsk-22 type, but third generation electronic computers
have also been installed in these centers. ~
Among the automated da~.centers of the network of automa,ted centers for
scientific and technical informa,tion,already servicing with thei~� own
- data ba,ses more tha,n 10 information agencies in the country are the ~
laxgest comparatively well-equippec~ centers with all-union status:
~INITI ~All-Union Institute of 5cientifical and Technical Informa,tion~,
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VN'I'ITsentr [All-Union Scientific-Technical Informa.tion Center] and
TsNIIPI [Central 5cientific Reseaxch Institute for Patent Informa,tion and
Technical-Economic Research] . These three automated informa,tion centers
send the bulk of the data base flow to the network.
The ma.gnetic tape service of VINITI, one of these AITs, was orga,nized in
1976. It axn se as an "offshoot" of the publishing process of the ~
existing "Assistent" system, which is an information system of the integral `
type [ 11] . At the present time the generation and distribution of data
bases on ma,gnetic tapes has become one of the basic f~znctions of this
system. Definite practical experience in the transnission of ma,chine- -
rea.dable carriers ha,s been accumula.ted in previous years, while in a ntimber
of organizations in the country punched tapes ha.ve begun to arrive which
previously were used in the "Assistent" system. The quality and effective-
ness of new informa.tion technology increased many-fold after the transi-
tion to a more ideal carrier--magnetic tapes. In a short period the data
base of VINITI exceeded the level of the "giant" ba.ses and in 1978 it
reached a volume of 660,000 informa,tion bits.
In 1980 the total ma,gnetic tape flow in the ~,amework of SATsNTI will
reach 2.5 million documents . Here a third of it will be VINITI data
ba.ses. If we exclude from this flow the data ba,ses coming in through
_ interna,tional excha.nge ( including the tapes of IIJPADOC this sha,re
wi11 approximate one-half. Thus, with respect to volume VINITI generates
as much magnetic tape output as all the automa,ted data centers taken together.
Issued in ma,chine-readable form in 1979 were about 2500 informa.tion
publications of the All-Union Institute of Scientific and Technical
Information, includi issues of SI [Signa.l'na,ya informa,tsiya; Current-
awareness information~ (44 in chemistry, 23 in biology, 21 in metallurgy~
12 in automation an~ radioelectronics, 1 in m.ining) and RZh [Referativnyy
zhurna.l; abstracts journa.l] (5 in automa,tion and radioelectronics and 1
in informatics)~ Started this year was t~e issuing of data bases of the
BK [Bibliographic description + Key words~ type~ which should become the
basic form of VINITZ's ma,gnetic tape production.
In the next five-year period data bases will cover all sectors of science
and technology according to the profile of VINITI. Clinica'1 medicine,
- the organization of agriculture, architecture and construction will be
reflected in the data bases of VNIIMI [All-Union Scientific Res,sa,rch
Institute of Medical andMedical-Technical Informa,tion] , VNIITEIS, h
EA11-Union Scientific Research Institute of Informa,tion and Technica,l-
Econo md.c Research on Agriculture] and TsINI.S [ Central Institute of Scien-
tific Information on Construction and Architecture] ~ respectively. Conse-
quently ~ in the neax f~zture the data ba.ses of VINITI will contain informa- _
tion about 1.3-1,5 million scientific docaments published annua.lly in at _
least 135 countries in the world in 66 la,nguages.
The Centra,l Scientific Research Institute for Patent Informa.tion and
Technical Economic Reseaxch collects pa,tent information for nine CEMA
84
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- countriess the USSR, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Hungaxian People's
Republic, Germa,n Democratic Republic, Republic of Cuba,, Mongolian People's
Republic, 5ocialist Republic of Romania and the Czechoslovak Socialist
Republic. The prepaxed magnetic tape is submitted to INPADOC (Interna,tiona,l
- Patent Documentation Center), and combined ma,gnetic tape for 46 countries
is received in return. The annua,l content of this tape comes to 750,000-
800,000 bibliographic descriptions~ tha,t is, 95 percent of all the patent
documents published in the world. The names of the inventions, including
the Soviet ones~ are given on the INPADOC magnetic tape in one of three
la.nguages--in English, French or German.
The data ba,ses of VNTITsentr cover two types of documentss reports on
scientific-research and experimental-design projects, and dissertations.
Used for describing them is a set of 18 data elements. Recorded on ma,gnetic
tapes in a year are 120,000 units of secondary informa.tion about scient~fic
documents in the form of abstracts and 100~000 in the form of biblio~raphic
descriptions.
Besides the enumerated automa,ted data centers, 10 more centers ha,ve emba.rked
on or axe preparing in the neax ~ture to begin generation of data bases
for the SATsNTI. These are the VKP [All-Union Book Cha,mber], ~,INION
Ins�titute of Scientific Informa.tion for Social Sciences] the USSR GPNTB
State Public 3cientific and Technical Library], VNIIKI ~ All.-Union
Scientific Research Institute of Technica,l I~forma.tion, Cla,ssification and
Coding], VPIIITEISKh [Al1-Union 5cientific Reseaxch Institute of Information
anci Technical-Economic Reseaxch on Agriculture], the TsNIITEI for instru-
- ment building [Central Scientific Research Institute of Information and.
Technical-Economic Research for Instrument Building, Automa,tion Equipment
and Control Systems], Ts1JIITEIlegprom [Central Scientific Resea,rch Institue
of Information and Technical-Economic Research for Light Industry],
VNIIMI [Al1-Union Scientific Research Institute of Medical and Me3ical-
Technical Informa,tion], GOSINTI [State Scientific Research Institute for
Scientific and Technica.l Informa,tion], and UI~NIINTI [Ukrainian Scientific
Research Institute for Scientific and Technical Information and Technical
and Economic Research].
To be put into operation in 1980 is a state communicative forma,t (GKF;
gosudarstvennyy kommunikativnyy format) in accorclance with the standards
of GOST ~State All-Uni~n Standard] 7.14-78 and GOST 7.19-79 Which regulate
the structure of the bibliographic entry.
COPYRIGHTs VSE50YUZNYY INSTITUT NAUCHNOY I TEKHNICI~SKOY INFORMATSII, 1980
- [331-10908]
10908
cso: 1863
85 r
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L' Vl\ VL' 1' 1V1L1L~ tl~JL VL\lJL
- trDC o02.63:68i.3.oo4.i4
ASIIVIT-2: SOFZWARE AND HARI7WARE C~ REMOTE PROCESSING CONDITIONS
Moscow NAUCHNO-TEHIiNICHESKAYA INFORMATSIYA. SERIYA 2 in Russian No 3,
1980 pp 1-3 _
[Article by A. K. Aylamazyan and H. V. Veselovskiy]
[Excerpts] The All-Union Scientific and Technical Information Center is
one of the information agencies included in the first line of the network
of automated centers as an automated information center of all-union sta-
tus. Information exchange aver communication channels imposes on a com-
- puter complex definite requirements that are taken into consideration in
the configurat ion of the hardware of an automated information system for
science and technology according to unpublished sources (ASINIT-2). In
accordance with the requirements presented by SATsNTT [unidentified], the
- ASIIVIT-2, as shown on the figure, includes the following hardware that as-
sures the f~.inctioning of the system in remote p.rocessing conditions: _
' --a connected YeS-1022 computer with an immediate-access store volume of
512 Kbites;
--external storage devices--YeS-5o52, YeS-5061 and ieS-5066 magnetic disk
stores;
--computer couplings with co~unication channels;
--YeS-8~+03 and YeS-8400 data transmission multiplexors;
--data transmi ssion apparatus: YeS-8010 modems and YeS-8315 devices for _
- protection against errors; -
--the YeS-7920 M remote video terminal complex.
The enumerated hardware for the remote processing of data ASIIVIT-2 must
~ assure reliable exchange of information ~?rith other automated centers of
. the network, and also the remote processing of requests of individual
users who have subscriber points at their disposal and, naturally, the
f~anctional tasks of the ASI1vIT in f1a11 volume .
The types, quantity and parameters of the remote processing hardware were
selected on the basis of a probabilistic model of flznctioning of the
ASIIVIT-2 in a network and with consideration of the forecast of the growth
of data flows.
_ 86
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~-----------------`1/BHTHUe~m ~
~ ~2~ (
I ~ n aen Ec-ioao (
~.L
i I ~ _ (
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~ ~
O
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I 6 I _
~ ` Tenemaunu ~1 ~ MI1Q ~ I(oane~xc
I Moaen?~ aucn~eeE
l.~ _ _ _ ~9~~ - - - - J
C~) ~7~ ATC ' 6~ Korrn~e~cducneteb
_ TenemadnW 79Y0
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Block diagram of information exchange between the Al1- c
Union Scientific and Technical Information Center and
subscribers over cou~unication channels. -
1-- All-Union Scientific and Teletypes
`rechnical Information Center 5-- Data transmission multi-
2-- YeS-~040 electronic computer plexor modems -
3-- YeS-1022 electronic computer 6-- Displ~y complex
7 Automatic telephone exchange
_ The average time for the direct handling of a request tb is determined
mainly by the time req~ired to register the request on a magnetic carrier
and amounts to 8 milliseconds (when the YeS-5010 magnetic tape store is
used The avera~;e time for referring the c,~l.l to the telegraph station
and obtaining En approving si~nal is about 2 seconds. The time necessary -
for dialing a number is determined by the nu~~er of digits and the working -
speed of the operator. About 12 seconds are requir~d for di aling six
digits of a subscriber's telegraph number by a disk dial. The time for
establisYunent of a connection with a subscriber depends on the dista~ce
and the loaaing of the network a~id ~rnounts to 1 to 20 seconds. The time
for transmission of a message over a co~unication channel is determined
by the ratio of the volume of the transmitted iessage and the trarismission
rate. During dialing on a keyboard the transmi.ssion rate is 2 characters
per second, and during transmission by means of a transmitte r it is 6.6
characters per second. The assumed volume of a request is 100-200 ch~rac-
ters. Thus the average value is about 2 minutes.
For great precision of estimation it is necessary to calculate the standard
time d~~T:.ation f'or each component and determi.ne with lmown [ 2] formu.las f'or
87
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rux urr i~ttw u~c u1rLi
I,
the ga~na-distribution of the probability that the time of the component
is smaller than that given.
The presence of a separate connected YeS-1022 computer permits freeing the
_ central computers of the computer complex (two Yea-1040 computers) from
the functions of control of the network channels and buffering of inessages _
and eli.minating unjustified interruptions of work of the centr al processes.
The main ~ctions of the YeS-1022 electronic computer [3] ~'e~ docu-
--unified tele com~unications input of reqaests for copies of pri_mary
ments;
--reception and transmission of information over coffinunication channels;
--processing masses of information for recording on magnetic tapes before
making copies; ~
--making copie s o~ masses of data on magnetic tapes for tranmission in the
circuit .
The YeS-8403 data transmission multiplexor used at the present time per-
mits the connPCtion of up to four semi-duplex communication lines (one
unco~mztated telegraph and three uncoffinutated telephone lines In the
ftizture it is proposed to connect an MPD-iA (YeS-8400) for the servicing of
- up to 15 co~unication lines (commutated and uncommutated telegraph and -
telephone lines), and the data can be transmitted over telephone channels
_ at rates of 600, 1200 and 2400 bauds~second.
For informati on exchange between distant subscribers and computers of an
automated information center it is proposed to use a~oup distance YeS-
7920-11 displ~y complex, coruzected to telephone channels and permitting
the connection of up to 32 ~spl~}rs and printers in any combination.
_ The practical implementation and introduction of regimes of multi- and
remote access over cor.umznication channels require a series of experiments
to work out the organizational, technical and program aspects of remote
exchange of information.
At the present time the All-Union Scientific and Technical. Information
center is working on regimes of remote communication with subscribers with
computers thr ough teletypes (teletype-computer communication}. _
COFYRIGHT: VSESOYUZNYY INSTITUT NAUCIINOY I TEKE~TIG'HESKOY INFORMATSII, 1980
1 [ 217~+-337]
. Y 2174
CsO: 1863
88
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ORGAIVIZATION AND F'UNCTIODTING OF A COMPUTER ~ENTER
Moscow ORGANIZATSIYA I FUNKTSIONIROVAIVIYE V'iCHISLITEL'NOGO TSENTRA in
Russian 197( signed to p^ess 21 Oct 77 pp 2, 215-216
[Annotation and table of contents of book by Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Azeyev, Vitaliy Vital'yevich Saprin and Yuriy Alekseyevich Chebotov, Sta-
tistika, 1~+,000 copies, 216 pages]
[Text] Annotation '
The book exami.nes the planning and stages in the creation of computer cen-
ters, the composition of the hardware and office and auxiliary shop equip- _
ment supply, variants of the organizational str~ucture of co~?puter centers
and analysis of the results of the work of comrputer centers with differ-
ent structures and of the requirements for planning the technology of data
processing. It also describes method oF operative monitoring of the
course of new developments and presen.ts the necessary forms of documents.
The bo~~k is addressed to specialists in computer hardware and the develop-
ment of ASU.
Contents Page
rntroduction 3 -
Far.t l. Organization of Compu�er Centers
Chapter l. Principles of the Planning of Computer Centers 6
l.l. Organizational Forms of the Use of Computer Technology 6
= 1.2. Organization of Developments 9 -
1.3. Organization of the Planning of Computer Centers and
the Composition of Planning Documentation 15
1.~+. Capital Investments on the Creation of Computer Centers 22
Chapter 2. Preparation for the Organization of a Computer Center 2`j
2.1. Stages in the Creation and ~ntroduction of a Computer
Center into Operation 2'7
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rutc urr t~lrw uac V1VL1
Page
~ 2.2. Require~ents for the Production Environment of a Computer 33 -
Complex
2.3. SelectiQn of a Complex of Hardware and Office anci Aiaxiliary 50
Shop Equipment
2.4. Sel;ccion and Preparation of Computer Center Personnel 63
part 3. Structure of a Computer Center -
Chapter 3� ~'Pes of Com~uter Center Organizational Centers 66
3.1. Elements of the Classification of Computer Center 66
Characteristics 68
3.2. Structure of Control
_ Chapter Ftii.nctions of Computer Center Services ~8
4.1. The Problem Formulation Service $O
= 1+.2. The Software Service ~
1~.3. The Hardware Service 88
1~.4. The Information Provisiox~ Service ~
4.5. The Service for Data Preparation and Monitoring on 91
- 2dachine Carriers
~ 4.~. The Computer ~.ata Processing Service 94
4.7. The Administrative Management and Planning and Dispatcher 97
Service
- Chapter 5. Questions of the Material Incentive of Computer Center 1~
Workers
5.1. Qualification ~tequirements for Computer Center Workers 101
5.2. Staff Schedules 103
5�3� The System of Material Action and Stimulation
Part 3. Content of Work of a Computer Center
Chapter 6. Organization of the Technological ~'rocess of Functioning 107
of a Computer Center
6.1. General Scheme of ~znctioning of a Computer Center 107
6.2. Organiz~`ior. of the Technological Process of New Developments 117.
6.3, Organization of the Technology for Introduction of New 117
Developments
6,4. Organization of the Technological Process of Computer Center
Operation 122
Chapter 7. Composi;ion of the TJocumentation on Data Processing 126 -
Technology
7.1. Instructions and Positions on Sections of a Technological 126 `
Process
7.2. Flow and Operational Documents 127 ~
7, 3, Sunmzary Rccounting Journals 13~
7.4. Accounting Documents 131
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I i 7~r ~
~ ~~~~~Q~~~7;7~
,~UL',~ ~Ft~l~~ ~ ~F ~

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Page
= Chapter 8. Principles of Data Bank Organization Z33
8.1. Organization of a Zibrary and Archive of Technical Carriers 134
8.2. Systems Organization of Files 136 ~
8.3. Operation of Files 138
Chapter 9. Work Normalization 1~+2 -
9.1. Questions of Procedure in Normalizing the L' abor of Developers 1~+5
- 9.c. Normalization of the Labor of the ProductivE Personriel of
of Computer Center 1~+5
9�3. Organization of the Creation of Operational No~^ms of a R
Technological Process 1~+7
9.4. KTS [not ider~tified] Operating Costs 149
Part 4. Operative Planning of Work in a Computer Center
, Chapter 10. Coordination and Anal~ysis oi' Developments 151 -
10.1. The Technological Chart of Developments 151
10.2. Automation of Monitoring 154
' 10.3. Thematic Co:~ferences as a Form of Monitoring 156
_ Chapter 11. Graph of the Loading of ~echnical Resources 158
11.1. Coeiiicients of Analysis of Equipment Zoading 158 �
11.2. Correction of the Graph of Compu+er Loading 1.~i0
11.3. Calculat:ion oi the Equipment Loading 161
-
Chapter 12. Dispatching 164 -
~ 12.1. Calculating of the Production Capacities o-~' Computer Centers 164
12.2. Production Plan Schedules 167
~ 12.3. Adjustment Plan Schedules 170
~ Appendices 173
~
~ Bibliography 213
~
~ COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo~"Statistika", 1977
[ 2174-2~+6]
~ 2;.74
csc: 1863 ~
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GOVERNMENTAL ADMINTSTRATTON STMULATTON GA.MES AND AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS _
~ Novosibirsk UPRAVLENCHESKTYE TMITATSTONNYYE TGRY T ASU in Russian signed
to press l2 Ju1 79 pp 2-6, 10-11, 256
[Excerpts from the book by V.F. Komarov, edited by doctor of the engineer-
ing sciences N.B. Mironosetskiy, Nauka Publishers, Siberian Branch, 256
pages, 3,600 copies]
jExcerpts] Questions of the application of governmental administraCion
- simulation games to the solui:ion of ASU jautomated control system] pro-
blems ~re stud~.ed in this book. A procedure is proposed ~or the develop-
ment and conduct of experiments using such games, and a descriptior_ is
given of the F'Control of Developments" game, intended for a simulation ~
game demonstration of the system tools for operational management of a -
sectorwide scientific research institute; experience with the conduct of
simulation games is presented for the purpose of teaching ASU specialists.
- The book is intended for specialists engaged in the development and intro-
duction of ASU's, for system workers improving their sk3:11s in control =
areas and teachers in the economic higher educational institntes.
The introduction of computers and modern ~ata processing tools inCo
the national economy is going ahead at an advanced pace as compared to
_ the development of other sectors of industry. Tn just the years of the
- Ninth Five-Year P1an, more than 2,300 ASU's have been designed, six times
more than in the Eighth Five-Year P1an. The number of persons engaged in
the design and operation of ASU's a.t the start of the lOth Five-Year Plan
exceeded 200,000, as opposed to 20,000 at the start of the 9th Five-Year
Plan. As the result of such a wide range of work, the national economy
received more than two billion rubles of additional income in ~just the
yeaxs of the Ninth Five-Year P1an. _
Along with the positive results in the development and introduction of
ASU's, there are also deficiencies related both ~he quality o~ the systems
being designed r~nd the campleteness of their utilization in production -
_ 92
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management practice. As a result, the actual efficiency of many contr~l
- systems is below the potential 1eve~3.
An automated control system can be represented in two aspects: as a _
decision making system, and as a data processing system. The ex~ent of -
_ goal attainment (production efficiency) depends substantially on which of
_ these aspects is m,~nifest in the functioning of the ASU. As follows from
_ much of the literature, if there are tasks for making effective planning
deci~ions incorporated in the ASU (opti.mization of the plans, forecasC3.ng
the assignments, etc.5), then as a result of its introduction, the impact
from the impro~tement in the technical and economic indicators for produc-
tion amounts to about 18 to 20 percent. However, if in the framework of
the ASU only the data process~ng funct3ons are mechanized, then under best
- case conditions, an impact of 7 to 8 percent of the 1eve1 of the economic
indicators for production is assured (for example, the income ~ncreases
or expenses are reduced by 7 to 8 percent).
_ Thus, increasing the number of ASU's, within the framework of which tasks -
for making effective plan decisions are introduced, has a direct bearing
- on the real~zat3on of the goal of control automatioa. Moreover, no more
than 21% of all of the ASU's in service xight now can be numbered in the
class of decision making systemss.
Not everything is going well with ~he pract3.ca1 implementation of data
process3.ng control. systems either. The opinion ex3sts that of every 10 -
ASUFS developed, on1y;3 are fully funct3onal~. Tn many cases a minimum~
set of cuntrol functions is automated within the framework of an ASU.
Along with this, there are also examples of high quality production control
data systems8. This attests to the fact that ASU efficiency can be sub-
- stantially improved if a high 1eve1 of qu~.lity is assured in the project
des~gn so~.utions as we11 as complete feasibility of system iznplementation.
A study of ASU efficiency reserves was undertaken during 1976-1977 in
~ the Central Economics-Mathematics Tnstitute of the USSR Academy of Scien-
ces (TsEMT) under the supervision of A.A. Mod~.n9. The authors of the
study single out the following groups of such reserves: improv~ng the com~
position of the tasks being performed; refinement of ASU des~tgn; improving
the organization of the development and dissemination uf software; refin-
ing the engineering support and operation of computers in the control sys-
tems; making time utilization of computers more efficient in the nation; .
expanding the network for personnel training in the design and utilization
of control systems; overall refinement of the management mechanism for the
functionir:g of the economy.
- 3"Problems of Improving the Efficiency of Control Systems fox Sectors,
Enterprises, Associations in Industry"' (Conference Materia~s),
Novosibirsk, 1977, p 3.
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governmental administration simulation games can serve as an effec-
ti.ve toul for the solution of numerovs important problems in the des~gn,
introduction and functioning of ASU's. The applica~ion of such games _
creates the conditions fox~ the practical in?plemenation of research on
organizational systems for exp?rime:?ta1 proeedures. The wide scale expan-
sion of E:xperiments with organizational-econamic systems wi11 undoubtedly -
promote a better ~'acclimat~zat~on capability" of the new control methods
and equipIDQnt, and will serve to give impetus to the design of new, more
refined control systems. _
However, the method of simulation game modeling has clearly been inade-
quately developed at the present time. Its appl3cation to research and _
- project planning goals is of an episodic nature20. Cons~derable dispari- _
ties are observed in the opinions of the nature of simulation games, and
the theory of this kind of modeling is in a formative stage.
The difference of opinions on theoretical quest3.ons of simulation game .
modeling impedes the creation of a methodolbgy for the development and
_ conduct of games for the purposes of studying the processes of organiza- .
tion functioning. The lack of such a methodalogy does not permit the
- expansion of the applications areas of the games, since with these condi-
tions, the quality of the game models being designed as we11 as the effi-
- ciency of the performance of the game experiments depend entirely on the
skill, experience and even the talent of the game d~signers. What has
been said here occasions the neces$ity of developing a constructive pro-
cedure for the design and conduct of governmental administrati,nn s3mula-
ti.on gaznes. The presence of such a procedure would permit shifting the
process of game design from the research category to the category of de-
velopmental work, and would serve as a basis �or the wide scale dissemi- _
nation o~ ~he-game simulation method. The creation of a procedure for
th.e development and conduct of the games requires not only setting up the
theoretical fundamentals for simulation game modeling, but also for wide _
scale expErimentation.
In connection with what has been presented here, the goals of this work
are as follows: a treatmen~~of ASU problems which can be efficiently -
solved using the game simulation approach; the def3.nition o~ the basic
concepts of an administrative s3mulation game intended for the laboratory
demonstra~ion of control systems; the development of a procedure for the
design and conduct of such g~mes; a description of specific games with a
generalization of the experience in playing them.
The results offered to the reader here were obtained during the develop-
ment and conduct of simulation games developed in the State Scientific
20 This circumstance is apparently explained by the fact that the existing
simulation games are designed, as a ru1e, in the higher educational in-
stitutes and advanced skill level schools. Moreover, the performance
of the research and the developmenr of the appropriate methods for the -
modeling are not the priority task of the teaching institutions, For
- this reason, the existing simulation games are predominantly oriented _
towards the solution of purely instructional problems.
94 -
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Research Institute for Autamated Planning and Control Sy~stems (NTTsistem, -
Novosibirsk). The theoretical and procedural viewpo~nts ~f the author
were shaped in many respects by the influence of the ideas of candidate
= of the economic sciences V.M: Yefimov21. Scientific contacts with doctor
of the economic sciences T.rt. Syroyezhin and doctor of the ec~nomic scien-
c~s F.M. Borodkin were quite important in working out these positions.
During the course of the entire period of the work, the author was shown -
conLinuous support and attention by candidate of the economic sciences
F.I. Solodovnikov and candidates of the engineering sciences A.N. Veli-
kotskiy and G~T. Kaygorodtsev. The results of the work were reported at `
a scientific seminar headed by doctor of the engineering scaences A.L. , _
Lifshits.
The remarks and proposals of doctor of the engineering sciences N.B. `
Mironosetskiy, candidates of the economic sciences V.D. Grober, Ye.L.
Berlyand, A.R. Anderson and N.V. Syskina aided in improving the contents `
- of the book.
Kh.Sh. Shapiyev, G.L. Pel'man, Ya.S. Ginzburg, P.A. Kalantayev, A.N. Rudnev
and V.P. Yatsentyuk did considerable work in the formulation and perfor-
mance of specific game experi~ent~.
The author considers it a pleasant duty to express his deep gratitude to _
a11 of the persons menti:oned above.
Tab1e of Contents
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Some Problems in Automating Production Control 12
1. Fundamental definitions of an ASU 12
2. "Man--Mode1" relationships in an ASU 24
3. "Designer--ASU User" relationships 29
4. ASU developments and their personnel support 35
5. Methods of controlling ASU developments 46 .
Chapter 2. The Fundamentals of the Methodology of the Application
of Governmental Administration Simulation Games in ~
ASU's g2
1. Fundamental concepts of governmental administration
simulation games C2 .
2. A ga~[e as a method of developing and implementing an ASU 78
3. The application of simulation games to the training of ASU
- specialists 86
Chapter 3. Procedural Fundamentals of the Development and Conduct
of Games 95
1. Principles of the design and conduct of the games 95
95 -
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2. Game development procedure 103 =
3. A procedure for the conduct of games experi~nents 112
Chapter 4. Experience with the Application of the F'Control of
Developments" Game to the Tmplementation of ASU~s - 120
1. The content of the "Control of Developments" game 120 -
; 2. Experience with the conduct of the "Control of Developments"
- game and the major instructional results 131
3. The results of tests of the planning solutions of the ASU
in the "Control of Developments" game 139
. Chapter 5. F~perience with the Application of Simulation Games
to the Training of ASU Specia~.ists 145
l. The "ISUP [not further defined] Track3.ng" simulation game 145
2. The "ASU Development" simulation game 160
3. The "Project Planning Control" simulati.on game 171
Conclusion 179
Appendices
Appendix l. 'the Structure and Contents of the Techni,cal Documentation _
for Administrative Simulation Games 182
Appendix 2. The "Control of Devel~gments" Simulation Game.
Scenarios 196
~~ppendi~x 3. '~he ~FContro7. of Developments~~ Simulation Game.
Governing Instructions for the Administrator 209
Appendix 4. The "Control of Develogments Simulation Game.
Instructions for the Players 226
Appendix 5. The t~Control of Developmenrs" Simulation Game.
- Governing Tnstruct3.ons for the Conduct of the Game ~
- Situat~on 235
Append~x 6. Questionnaire for a Participant in the Experiment
with the "~Contro7. o� Developments" Game 252
- COPXRTGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", 1979
I2s~.-s225~
8225
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PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING AN AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE CHEMIC~z1L
INDUSTRY
Moscow VOPROSY SOZDANIYA AVTOMATIZIROVANNOY SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA KHIMICHES-
KOY PROMYSHI,ENNOST'YU in Russian 1979 signed to press 8 Dec 78 pp 2, 123-
~ 124
[Annotation and 'Pable of Contents from coilection "Voprosy sozdaniya avto-
- matizirovannoy sistemy upravleniya khimicheskoy promyshlennost'yu," 600
copies, 124 pages]
[Text) A sampling of articles wb:~se topic is related to solution of the
problems of devel~pment, introd~sction and oper.ation of ASU-IQzim, ASU VPO
and ASUP is provided in this Fdition of the collection.
The scientific and methodi~~al trend of the thaterial is maintained in the
collection: problems of the data processing te~~hnique in ASU, problems of
developing a system of :~nalytical calcuations for utilizing the capabili-
ties to reduce consump'cion of scarce types of raw material and problems of
improving the software of data processing systems and analysis of the ex- .
perience of introducing individual subsystems and complexes of problems
are considered. -
The published materials may be of interest to developers of OASU, ASU VPO
and ASUP, control apparatus workers, sector scientific research institutes
and alsa specialists in the field of ma.nagement of economic systems. _
Coritents Page
Shkarupa, V. V. and P. A. Baykov, The Problem of Optimizing the
Cycle of Calculations in a Computer Center 3
Adamov, R. V., N. V. Bertova and G. A. Yefankin, Designing a Remote
Processing System Accomp](ished on a Third-Generation Computer 12
Yefankin, G. A., A. B. Gubanov and M. S. Krivorog, A Decision-Making
Software System for Production Planning of a Chemical Product
and Under Conditions of Man-Machine Communication 21
97
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L Vl~ V~ ~ LVt~au V~/u v~~aJa
Yefankin, G. A., M. N. Chvertkina and G. M. Kuterman, The Main
Problems of Developing Analytical Calculation Systems for =
Tnvestigating the Possibilities of Reducing Consumption of
Scarce Raw Materials 29
Shkarupa, V. V. and T. S. Volkova, Using the Language of Solution
Tables for Data Base Processing 38
Bersutskiy, Ya. G., A. N. Vereshchaka, P. F. Peykert and V. T.
Khal'pin, Analysis and Consideration of Rewarded Workers of
the Sector Based on the Use of Computers 46
Bersutskiy, Ya. G., A. N. Vereshchaka, T. L. Potomskaya and L. I.
Salamatina, Automated Processing of the Requests of the Sector
for Young Specialists 53
Vorotilina, G. I. and N. S. Zolotarev, Computer Analysis and Account-
ing of the Reserve of Management Personnel 67
Kontratyuk, I. N. and B. S. Lipatov, The "Kadry" Information Refer- -
ence System (Standard Design Solutions on Development of the
Subsystem ASUP for the YeS EVM [Unified Computer System]) 71
~
Yermakov, L. N., Typical Problems of Current Planning of Product
Cost Under Conditions of ASUP [Automated Enterprise Management -
_ System] 73 -
Korol', S. S., L. I. Davidenko, G. N. Sosov and A. M. Sklyarevskiy,
Planning Expenditures for Production Servicing and Management
' Under ASUP Conditions 83
Begicheva, D. N., Ye. B. Bukhanovskiy and V. N. Lavrent'yeva,
Automated Accounting of Completion of Planning and Test
Operations 87
Golobokova, G. M., V. F. Okulov and G. V. Ural'tsev, Method of
- Investigating the Information Model of ASUP for Formalization
of Selecting the Data Base Structure and for Determining the
Sequence of Calculating Indicators 94
Vodyanitskiy, V. G., A Program Pack for Effective Data Processing
by Main Facilities on the Minsk-32 Computer 106
Dem'yan, I. M., Problems of Organization and Checking of Informa- r
tion in the ASUP 112
[320-6521]
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ORGANIZATION OF THE "ASII-STR~YBANK"
Moscow ORGANIZATSIYA "ASU-STROYBANK" in Russian 1979 pp 69-~0~
101~ 103 - -
CAnnotation excer.pt and table of contents from the book "Orga-
- nizatsiya '~SU-Stroybank by Valeriy Anatol'yevich Makhov and
Leonard Bronislavovich Popov~ Izdatel'stvo Finansy, signed to
press ~ September 19~9, 6~~50 copies~ 103 pages)
[Text] ANNOTATION _
In this book the authors propose new ways and methods f or or-
= ganizing the "ASU-Stroybank" [automated control system of the
- All-Union Bank for the Financing of Capital Investments].
They discuss questions concerning the existing organization of -
information processing by the IISSR Stroybank and the structure~
functions and purposes of "ASII-Stroybank's" control process in
the system development and improvement stages~ and also prop4se
a methodology for planning informational support and hardware
and data transmission systems.
This book is aimed at workers in the f inance and credit syste~;
who are concerned with questions relating to the organ3zation
of the control process. =
EXCERPT
Institutions subordinate to USSR Stroybank mak,~ extensive v.se
- of telex service in order to transmit information. The final
pieces of equipment, wY~ich are connected to the automatically
switched telegraph station~ are T-63 teletypes~ whieh provide -
the subscriber-station interaction signals that are needed in
order to establish normal connect3ons.
According to statistical data that have been gathered, teletype
comm~nications ha~ been established with 460 of USSR -
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Stroybank's 950 affiliated institutions by the beginning of
- 19'78. F or 22 offices~ the installation and connection of tele-
types was completed in all the institut~ions subordinate to them.
In 1976 the USSR Ministry of Communications began to use tele-
graph communication lines with a data transmission rate of 240
bits/s for the transmission of data in automated control sys-
tems. The terminal equipment used in connection wi~h this was
TA P-2 (YeS -8502) subscriber ~erminals~ which fulf ill the basic
requirements of the specifications for the development and im-
provement of "AS v-S troybank" as f ar as inf ormat ion transmis s ion
reliability (10-b) is concerned. ~In this five-year plan the
_ USSR Ministry of Co~unications used the TAP-2 ta organize com-
munications in the capitals of the Union republics and the
largest oblast centers in the RSFSR, wh3.ch corresponds to the
territorial placement of the USSR ~traybank's republic and
oblast offices. TA P-2 subscriber ter~ninals have been installed
in USSR Stroybank's GVTs [.Main Computer Center] and in its re- ~
public and eight of its oblast ~kray) offices.
The bank's institutions use bookkeeping machines with perforat-
ing attachments for the primary processing Snd registration of
the inj.tial data on punched tape. Facil~.ties for preparing da-
ta on punched tape are available in 72 offices and depart-
ments belonging to USSR S troybank.
The information recorded on punched tape is automatically sent
- by a transmitter into the communicati~n line after a conriection
is established with the receiving eq~aipment in accordance with
- the rules and regulations of the USSR Ministry of Communica-
tions' Main Telegraph Adtn3nistration. Information transmission
and reception between the bank's institutions is done by sched-
ules .
TABLE OF C ONTENTS
Page
I. Organization of Inform~tion Processing in USSR Stroybank 3
1. Structure and Functions of "ASII-Strc~ybank�1 . . . . . . . 3
~ 2. IISSR Stroybank as an Information Processing System 8
3. The Use of Computers in Information Processing 13
II. DevelopmPnt and Improvement of "ASU-Stroybank". 26
1. Organization of the Planning of "ASU-Stroybank". 26
2. Informational Support for t'ASII-Stroybank" . 33
3. Plannialg of the Computer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4. Organization of Data Exchange in the ~ystem. 69
5. Creation of the Computer System and the Organization of
Its Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Finansy~" 1979
[312-11746]
11~~+6
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PUBLICATIONS
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY OF THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES
_ Moscow VYCHISLITEL'NAYA TEKHNIKA SOTSIALISTICHESKIKH STRAN No 4, 1978
Izd-vo Statistika pp 2-4
[An.notation and foreword of monograph, edited by M. Ye. Rakovskiy]
Annotation
[Text] This international collection discusses questions of research,
development, applicatlon and operating experience in the use of hardware
and software for computer technology designed for the treaty on cooperation
in the field of computer technology among socialist countries: Bulgaria,
Hungary, East Gernany, Poland, Cuba, Romania, Czer_hoslovakia, and the USSR.
The authors are leading professionals in this field, represent ing the na-
tions participating in the treaty.
This edition concerns problems in the development and app lication of
remote data processing systems. The various systems employed in the dif-
ferent countries are described. Experience is discussed with regard to the
planning of systems, applied programs, etc.
This collection is intended for the use of technicians working on the
design and utilization of unified series computer systems in the various
branches of the national economy.
Foreword
Solution to the problems of developing and applying computer technolog~
- as p osed by the governments of the socialist countries and ref lected in the
program of socialist economic integration requires a complex ap~;roach to
the development of hardware and software systems and tak.es int o account tl~e
overall trends in world-wide computer technology development. Analysis of
these trends shows that one of the most contemporary trends in computer
application is the design of remote data processing systems. In such sys-
tems the computer subscriber obtains access to it through equipment that
101
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- is located at some geographic distance from the computer site. This has
- been given considerable attention in the joint research conducted within
the framework of the International Commission on Cooperation of the Soc-
= ialist Countries in the field of computer technology. It is precisely due
to the appearance of such remote processing systems, which are quite widely
represented in the Unified Computer Systems, that the design of systems
~ and networks for collective computer utilization has b een possible; this
has an especially great effect on the socialist methods of guiding the
economy.
' Questions of the development and application of remote data processing
systems have received quite sufficient attention in pr evious editions of
the collection "Computer Technology in the Socialist Countries". These
problems are discussed on a regular basis at special sympasia, both nationa~
and international. However, the achievements and great interest in remote
processing systems by the subscriber make it necessary to publish a new
edition devoted to the fundamental aspects of this problem. In the select-
ion of materials the editorial staff did not feel it necessary to devote
special attention to descriptions of remote processing systems of the var-
ious levels and classes that are functior.ing the various countries. Consid-
erable attention is paid to questions of the development of hardware and ~
software systems of remote processing, the design of remote processing sys-
tems and applied prograris which function efficiently in remote access modes. -
Several of the articles in the collection were based on reports given
at the First Al1-Union Conference on Remote Processing Systems held in 1977
in Riga with participation by specialists from the sccialist countries. The ~
' editorial staff decided also to include in the collection certain articles
that are not directly associated with remote processing, but which are of
considerable interest to computer subscribers and designers.
We hope this edition will be of interest to the reader since it will
allow him to obtain thorough information on one of the important trends in
- joint developments.
The editorial staff consisted of: M. Ye. Rakovs kiy, Editor-in-Chief
(USSR); A. T. Belevtsev, Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Coordination Center of the -
Intergovernment Commission); Ye. Guk (Poland); N. V. Gorshkov (Council on
Combined Servicing of Unified Series Computers); A. M. Larionov (Council of
Major Designers of Unified Series Computers); G. Ludwig (GDR); Ye. N. Mel'-
nikova, Responsible Secretary (Coordination Center of the Ir~tergovernment _
- C~mmission); B. N. Naumov (Council of Major Designers of SM Computers); L. _
Nemet (Hungary); P. Popov (Bulgaria); Yu. P. Selivanov, Responsible Editor
(USSR); A. Ye. Fateyev (USSR); N. I. Cheshenko (Council of Air Raid Warning
Application); I. Shmeykal (Czechoslovakia); and K. Shtuka (Coordination
Center of the Intergovernment Commission). "
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Statistika", 1978
11,734
_ CSO: 1863
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- COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY OF THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES
Moscow VYCHISLITEL'NAYA TEKHNIKA SOTSIALISTICHESKIKH STRAN_ No 4, 1978.
Izd-vo Statistika pp 169-173 -
[Excerpts from monograph edited by M. Ye. Rakovskiy]
[Text] Contents page _
V. New Engineering Systems. -
- Foreword. 3
1. Development of data processing systems and networks.
Lanin, V. S. Development of cooperation in the field of remote data
processing. New problems. 5
Yakubaytis, E. A. Ar.:hitecture of computer networks and systems. 10 ~
Puzhman, I. State of the art and prospects for remote data processing
in Czechoslovakia. 20
Khorvat, P. Data transmission by the Hungarian Postal Service and plans
for its development. 26
Yulzari, I., and M. Mikhaylov. Conversion from unified series computer
remote data processing systems of the first order to n~twork re-
mote processing. 32
Nem~t, I., and R. Volner. Several problems in designing multicomputer
systems for remote processing. 38
2. Engineering systems in computer technology. ,
Yanitskiy, A. Problems i:. evaluating the quality of computer systems. 49
103 _
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Page
Ercheni, A., P. Bakoni, and Ch. Chanad i. Emulating subscrib er points
using a YeS-1010 computer based programmable multiplexer. 60
Lezer, V., G. Pollender, and Kh. Khazeloff. Remote data processing
on a YeS-1040 computer. 72
3. Computer software. -
Krystev, S. Systems prospects of program stacks for remote prccessing. 82
Ikauniyetse, B. Dialog input of assignment. 87 ~
Boguslav, Z., and P. Drbal. Program editing system. 90
Formandl, Ya. Automated information-s earch system ARDIS for a unified 95
series computer. _
Zabunov, L., Ye. Doychinova, Ye. Bozhilov, and Ye. Dimitrov. Dialog 102
terminal system. ~
Shugar, P. Software system for a YeS-1010 computer based programmable 105
multiplexer.
Partyk, P. Using the program system KOMPITA for a unified series com- 112
puter to design an automatic control system.
4. Application of computer technology systems. _
Pivovar, B. Remote data processing system designed in the MERA union. 120
Lugoshi, K., and Z. Uyvari. Control system for the Videoton Comnet- 126
1000 data base.
- Utkin, V. I. Analysis of the throughput of units in a remote data 131 -
processing system. -
Bodurova, P., and T. Kedreva. Analysis of some results obtained in 138
planning a territorial remote processing system.
Byalchik, Z. Magnetic tape data preparation system for the YeS--9150. 144
Pykhtin, A. Ya., V. I. Gorelov, L. F. Askerko, and R. Ya. Bronshteyn. 151
YeS-7920 arrays new terminals with broad prospects.
Rayki, P., and I. Fyeldvari. YeS-1010 computer based YeS-8550 sub- 160
scriber point.
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; Abetracts of articlea in collection.
I,apin, V. S. Develcpment of cooperation in the field of remote data proc-
essing. New problems.
� This article studies the fundamen~al operating trends in remote processing
systems carried out in che framework of the Council of Major Unified Ser-
- ies Computer Designers, state of the art of this research, and the immediate
prospects.
- Yakubaytis, E. A. Architecture of computer networks and systems.
= Basic concepts are given which are necessary for the study of remote proces-
sing networks and systems. The features of the logic and physical struc-
~ tures of the networks and systems and their characteristics are described.
A description is given of the experimental computer system of the Latvian
Academy of Sciences.
~ Puzhman, I. State of the art and pr~spects for remote data processing in
Czechoslovakia.
The author shows the features of developir.g remote data processing systems -
in Czechoslovakia and gives the parameters for an array of engineering sys- _
tems for such systems. He briefly describes several different systems op-
erating in Czechoslovakia.
Khorvat, P. Data transmission by the Hungarian Postal Service and plans
for its development.
The author describes the state of the art and the prospects -for developing
, data transmission networks in Hungary. He mentions the features of sepa-
rate stages of the development process. Requirements are formulated for a -
~ new data transmission netk=ork for designing remote processing systems that
are taken into account in developing a data transmission network for the
- Hungarian Postal Service. -
Yulzari, I., a^d M. Mikhaylov. Conversion from unified series computer re-
- mote data proce~sing systems of the first order to network remote process-
ing.
The authors describe the features of converting from a systems to a network. _
_ principle of remote data processing. They determine the basic functions ol
network remote processing and problems that must be solved in converting to
network construction. They mention ways and means of their solution.
- 105

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Nemet,T. , and R. Volner. Several problems in designing multicomputer sys-
tems for remote processing. -
A study i s made of information exchange in multicomputer systems of remote -
processing at the "process" level. A survey is givea of the results of
studying such systems based on tF-.e engineering and programming systems of _
unified series computers.
~ Yanitskiy, A. Problems in evaluating the quality of computer systems. -
The author describes a general approach to evaluating the effectiveness of _
computer syst ems. An attempt is made to construct a standard criterion of
quality that takes into account all structural, physical, operational and
economic parameters of the systems.
Ercheni, A., P. Bakani, and Ch. Chanadi. Emulating subscriber points using
a YeS-1010 computer based programmable multiplexer.
The authors describe the use of a YeS-1010 computer as a programmable multi-
plexer and the role of tha emulating programs for such use.
Lezer, V., G. Pollender, and Kh. Khazeloff. Remote data processing on a
YeS-104~ computer.
The auttzors describe engineering aiid program systems dev~loped in the GDR
which al low the design of a developed remote data processing system based on
a YeS-1040 computer.
Krystev, S. Systems prospects of pro~ram stacks_for remote processing.
The author gives the characteristics of ten stacics of remote processing de-
veloped for the unified series computers, including all methods of access.
Ikauniyetse, B. Dialog input of assignment.
Data are given on a system of dialog remote input of assignments intended
to guarantee the possibility of preparing and transmitting assignments for -
fulfillzng an operational feedback unified series system to the user located _
at a remote subscriber point .
, Boguslav, Z. , and P. Drbal. Program editing system.
The authors describe the possibilities of a program system for editing texts,
methods of working with the text and several commands which determine text
structure.
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Formandl, Ya. Automated information�-search system ARDIS for a unified se-
ries computer.
The author studies the basic properties of the ARDIS information-search sys-
tem, its structure, the data '~ase parameters, the functional modules of the -
system, the information-search ~ode, and the function of the output modules.
Zabur.~v, L., Ye. Doychinova, Ye. B~zhilov, and Ye. Dmitrov. Dialog terminal
_ system� .
The authors give one of the possibilities of a dialog terminal system which
allows using a computer in s time discrimination mode. They describe the
main components of the system and the basic operating modPs. _
Shugar, P. Software system for a YeS-1010 computer based programmable mul-
tiplexer.
The author describes changes introduced into the program systems of a YeS-
1010 computer so that this computer can be used as a programmable multiplexer.
He studies the basic functions of the emulator programs and a special super-
- visor as well as controls in the system and the data structure.
Partyk, P. Using the program system KOMPITA for a unified series computer -
to design an atitomatic control system. -
A system is studied for programming the KOMPITA for a unified series computer
that consists of a language of systems algorithms, a module, a compiler, pur- _
poseful programs and an array of parameters. The system expands the possibi-
lities of COBOL on which it is based, and reduces the program debugging time. .
Pivovar, B. Remote data processing system designed in the MERA union.
The author gives the characteristics of the engineering and program systems
for remote data processing, constructed on the base of the YeS-8371 remote
processor and which ensures remote stack processing, dialog operation, and _
data collection and transmission.
Lugoshi, K., and Z. Uyvari. Control system for the Videoton Comnet-1000 data
- base.
The authors describe a system based on the YeS-1010 and YeS-1012 computers
_ for controlling the data base in a remote processing mode.
~ 107
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Utkin, V. I. Analysis of the throughput of units in a remote data proces-
sing system.
The author describes the effectiveness of using linear equipment, including
communication channels in remote ~rocessing systems. He analyzes the
throughput and individual time parameters of units in ~he remote data pro- _
cessing system.
Bodurova, P., and T. Kedreva. Analysis of some results obtained in planning
a territorial remote processing system.
The authors study the problem of determining certain basic parameters of ter-
ritorial remote processing systems, including the average number of inessages
expected for servicing and the average time for servicing them, the average
expectation time for servicing and redundancy of inessages in the system.
They cite the results of studying the parameters of a specific system.
Byalchik, Z. Magnetic tape data preparation system for the YeS-9150.
The author describes the structure, compositior. and functional possibilities
of a multiconsole system of data preparation on the magnetic tape of a YeS-
9150.
Pykhtin, A. Ya., V. I. Gorelov, L. F. Askenko, and R. Ya. Bronshteyn. YeS-
7920 arrays new terminals with broad prospects.
The authors give the operational-engineering characteristics of the arrays
- and the individual engineering systems of the YeS-7920, jointly developed by
Hungary, the GDR, Poland, the USSR, and Czechoslovakia.
Rayki, P., and I. Fyeldvari. YeS-1010 computer based YeS08550 subscriber
point�
The authors describe the structural features and the functioning of a sub- .
scriber point for the YeS-8550, its operating algorithms, the software fea-
tures, and application experience.
- COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Statistika", 1978
11734,
CSO: 1863
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COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY OF THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES
Mascow VYCHISLITEL'NAYA TEKHNIKA SOTSIALISTICHESKIKH STRAN No 4, 1978
_ Izd-vo Statistika pp 17-19
[Eacerpts from monograph, edited by M. Ye. Rakovskiy] -
_ Experimental computer system of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. -
_ [Excerpt] One of the c~mputer systems designed here is the experimental com- -
puter system of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. This is a multi-unit hier-
archical computer system which combines the specialized computers structur-
- ally and by program into a single array that offers engineering resources,
information and software for the collective use of all the scientific staff
of the Academy. The methodology incorporated into the system allows it to
be used not only in scientific centers but also at large computer centers
for the processing of economic and engineering information.
The Center is designed for two basic purposes: _
(1) conducting scientific research on the architecture of computer sys-
tems and developing standard solutions for broad utilization;
(2) constructing a base for the overall system of the Academy in auto-
mating scientific research and guaranteeing the necessary data bank require-
~ ments for theoretical and engineering experiments.
By September 1977 the System included nine ~omputers of three types
(Fig. 5), data transmission equipment adapters, devices for computer chan-
. nel commutation channel switches and channels (lines between adapters).
The working computers are two YeS--1030`s and one M-4030; the OSK.1 op-
erational system, designed jointly with the Scientific Research Center for
_ Computer Technology, is used. The working computers receive, carry out as-
_ signments, and output the solutions obtained to the user.
The dispatcher computer is an M-4030, which operates under control of ~
a specially designed OSD 1.0 system, carries out:
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IWorking
YeS-1030 M=4030 YeS-1030 ~computers
__J
A p
~
Dispatcher =
_ ~ M-~030 computer
Local
IO device
~
Terminal
H-~ov YeS-10 HP-?�6 wAN~ nc~ WRNG'??AD computers -
Figure 5. Physical structure of the experimental computer system of the
Latvian Academy of Sciences: A- adapters; CS - channel switches.
(1) channel control;
(2) control of the flow of information which travels through the local
IO device (punch devices, ADC, displays, etc.);
(3) reception of assignments from the terminal computer user;
(4) transmission of solutions to the terminal computer user;
(5) buffering messages in the main memory;
(6) conversion of formats and codes;
- (7) monitoring the validity of information received and repetition in
case of error;
110
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- (8) collection of statistical information concerning computer system
operation.
The working M-4030 computer takes over in case of breakdown in the dis-
patcher I~4030 computer. In this case the number of working computers is
reduced from three to two.
Five terminal minicomputers link three of the Academy's institutes to
the experimental computer system. These machines carry out:
(1) collection of information from the experimental facility and con- _
trol of it;
(2) dialog between researcher and minicomputer;
(3) preparation and debugging on the terminal computers of assignments
in the algorithmic languages of the working computers;
(4) remote dialog-stack satisfaction of the assignments transmitted
from the terminal computers to the working computers. ~
The computers interact in accordance with the hierarchy of proceedings
of four levels. The proceedings of the first level is characterized by the
IRPR-28 (interface, radial, parallel, 28-channel) received at the SM compu-
ter. This interface guarantees a sy~netrical asynchronous exchange of in-
formation between terminal, dispatcher, and working computers at a speed from
0.2 Mbit/sec (at a distance of 2000 m) to 1.5 Mbit/sec (at a distance of 50
m). The second level procceding determines the control logic of the IRPR
channels. The third level proceeding establishes the structure and stack -
- contro]. rules. These proceedings ensure computer "transparency" for all op-
erating modes, types of in~ormation transmitted and coding procedures.
The fourth level proceeding is intended for a dialog-stack mode for the
remote debugging of progzams and the input-output of assignments. Dialog
, preparation of the assignment is done in this mode at the terminal computer
and is then satisfied on one of the working computers. The assignments are
transmitted by the stacks. The results are output on command of the user
into output devices or to an external memory of either the terminal or the
working computers.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Statistika", 1978
~ 17. , 7 34
CSO: 1863
111
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1~V1\ VL'1'LV1l~W Vuu va~vr
RESEARCH IN COMPUTER TECHNOIAGY
Moscow FIZIKO-TEKHNICHESKIYE OSNOVY VYCHISLITEL'NOY TEKHNIKI. TRUDY
MOSKOVSKOGO ENERGETICHESKOGO INSTITUTA (Physico-Technical Fundamentals of
Computer Technology. Works of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute) in
Russian No 430, 1979 p 2
[Annotation from the collection edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Professor Yu. M. Shamayev, 600 copies]
[Text] This collection contains articles by colleagues of the Department of
Computer Technology and the Department of the Theoretical Fundamentals of
- Electrical Engineering and Electrophysics.
A broad range of problems reflecting the physico-technical fundamentals
of computer technology are examined. These include research and planning
of computer components, and the planning of computer apparatus itself. Pro-
_ blems associated with creating computer memories, the reliability of inemories,
and memory control are also examined.
The collection devotes a large amount of room to articles reflecting the
, results of research on various information carriers. Their electrophysical
properties and the methods for recording and reading information are examined.
All articles of this collection concern themselves with pressing problems
' associated with the physico-technical fundamentals of computer technology,
- and they would be of interest to a broad range of specialists in computer
technology.
Editorial board: Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Yu. M. Shamayev
(editor in chief), Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor
I, V, Ognev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor A. I. Pirogov, Graduate
Student N. K. Ivanova, ana Laboratory Assistant A. I. Osipov.
COPYRIGHT: Moskovskiy energeticheskiy institut, 1979
[249-11004]
11004
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ABSTRACTS FROM THE JOURI~TAL 'PHYSICO-TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
- TECHNOLOGY. WORKS OF THE MOSCOW P(7WER ENGIIJEERING INSTITUTE'
Moscow FIZIKO-TEKHNICHESKIYE OSNOVY VYCHISLITEL'NOY TEICHNIKI. TRUDY
MOSKOVSKOGO ENERGETICHESKOGO INSTITUTE in Russian No 430, 1979 pp 96-100
UDC 681.398.727.6
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF INFORMATION STORAGABILITY ON MAGNETIC DISCS
[Abstract of article by Yu. M. Shamayev, I. V. Ognev, V. A. Minin,
I. I. Rod'kin, and D. A. Stolyarenko]
[Text] Problems associated with long-term storage of i.nformation on _
magnetic discs are examined. Experi.mental methods are the principal means
for studying storagability of information on magnetic discs. Experimental
methods and results show that under certain conditions, information can be
stared for a long period of time on magnetic discs without the need of _
copying.
UDC 681.327.67
A SYSTEM OF OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF MODULAR SEMICONDUCTOR OPERATIONAL NIEMORIES
[Abstract of article by I. V. Ognev, K. F. Sarychev, and Ye. A. Shcheglov] _
[Text] A test sequence based on experimental investigation of inemory micro-
circuits and an analysis of the structure of semiconductor operational
memories, and which can be used to perform quality control of a memory within
a short time, is examined. The article presents the results of research on
control of a modular semiconductor operational memory made from K565/RUlA
memory microcircuits (4096x1 bits) containing single-transistor memory cells.
UDC 681.31
EVALUATION OF THE RETENTION OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM'S CAPACITY TO FUNCTION -
[Abstract of article by I. I. Ladygin and T. K. Kvasova]
~
113 -
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[Text] Evaluation of the dependability ~f a computer system on the basis of
the probability of retaining functional capacity is examined. The general
appearance of an analytic model of the system's reliability is given. An
example of building an analytical model of the probability of .functional
capacity retention is presented in relation to a system consisting of two
components.
UDC 681.398.727
OPTIMIZATION OF BIT ADDRESS CIRCUITS OF A TYPE 2.5D2W FERRITE OPERATIONAL
MEMORY ON THE BASIS OF THE SPEED CRSTERION
[Abstract of article by N. I. Dikarev and S. M. Kovalenko]
[Text] Problems in the planning of high information capacity ferrite core
operational memories are examined. Special circuits for isolation of a
useful signal from interference that may be caused by a voltage drop in the
active and inductive resistors of the selected bit address line are examined.
UDC 681.142.6
AUTOMATION OF THE CONTROL OF PERMANENT MEMORIES MADE FROM MICROCIRCUITS
[Abstract of article by I. V. Ognev and G. A. Borodin]
[Text] Methods are examined for controlling permanent memories made from
- memory microcircuits, with a consideration for the word length, m, and the
number of words, n, in the memory. Grouping of errors and their asymmetry
are inherent to memories consisting of inemory microcircuits. It is shown
that the program control method (in which banks of numbers are summed), which
permits automation of the analysis of inemory functional capacity, is con-
venient.
UDC 681.327.662
MODELING THE CIRCUITS OF AN ADDRESS PROCESSOR WHEN PLANNING HIGH INFORMATION
CAPACITY MAGNETIC OPERATIONAL MEMORIES
[Abstract of article by N. I. Dikarev and V. V. T~porkov]
[Text] The working features of an address processor based on a diode decoder
- circuit, which is used to excite coordinate lines in most high capacity
ferrite memories, are examined, and a model for computing the transient
process for establishment of current in the selected line is presented. It
is demonstrated that when modeling the work of an address processor, emphasis
must first be placed on considerinq the parasitic capacity of unselected
lines, since the discharge of these capacities is precisely what strongly
influences establishment of the current in the selected line.
114
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UDC 681.32.00157-505.7.00124
AN APPROACH TO AUTOMATING THE PLANNING OF A CONVEYOR-TYPE MULTIPROCESSOR
COMPUTER SYSTEM
[Abstract of article by Ye. G. Volkov]
[Text; Problems associated with developing a system for automating the
planning of conveyor computer systems based on discrete optimization methods
are examined. The SPOR-1, a re�erence solution generating system intended
to form a model of the quality of complex objects relative to a large number
- of discretely varying parameters, is an inherent part of the proposed system
for automatic planning of conveyor computer systems.
UDC 681.324.001.2
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTIONS OF A SPECIALIZED MODELING aYSTEM INTENDED FOR
ANALYSIS OF A CERTAIN CLASS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
[Abstract of article by A. G. Shigin and Yu. F. Gal']
[Text] A modeling system intended for analysis of multimicroprocessor
computer systems having a line (mainline) organization is examined. It is
suggested that the structure of multimicroprocessor computer systems be
analyzed with the help of a representation of the class of problems to be
solved enlarged to the level of groups of instructions.
UDC 681.335.8
PULSE-ANAIAG COMPUTER DEVICES FOR CONVERTING COORDINATES IN SPACE
[Abstract of articl.e by F. M. Shlykov and V. G. Mayorov]
[Text] Spatial coordinate converters designed for operation on the basis of
- the phasal method are examined. Use o.f digital-analog converters improves
the weight and size characteristics of the devices and significantly improves
the accuracy and speed of phasal pulse-analog devices.
UDC 681.323:621.9-52.001.5
STROBOSCOPIC EFFECT IN llIGITAL-FREQUENCY CONIPUTER DEVICES
[Abstract of article by V. P. Dancheyev]
[Text] The least studied source of error in digital analogs--stroboscopic
effects associated with the selective nature of the processing of variables
modeling continuous processes and functions--is examined. A technique is
proposed for evaluating errors contributed to the integral, given a known
analytic form of subintegral function.
115
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UDC 681.332
ANAIAG COMPUTER MODELING OF A PULSE-WI1)TH MODULATOR BASED ON A UNIVIBRATOR
[Abstract ~~f article by Ye. G. Titov]
- [TextJ Pro;:':zms associated with creating the mathematical model of a pulse-
width modulator used in the circuits of constant voltage pulse stabilizers
are examined. When creating a model of a pulse-width modulator, it should
be considered that the transistor controlling the capacity discharge current
of the timing capacitor may operate in three modes--cut-off, active, and
saturation.
UDC 681.327 _
DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE MATING THE PERIFHERAL UNITS OF A YeS EVM CON~UTER
WITH A SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY -
[Abstract of article by R. A. Popo, T. A. Bondareva, and A. I. Zhakharov]
[Text] Problems associated with developing a device with which to mate a
semiconductor memory made from 519RYe2 microcircuits with the peripheral
devices of a YeS EVM computer are examined. The proposed device can be used
to feed information into the semiconductor memory, check the correctness of
recording, introduce corrections, and read information from the semiconductor
memory.
UDC 538.61.621.318
A METHOD FOR COMPUTING THE CONTROLLING FIELD OF TsMD STRUCTURES
[Abstract of article by K. Myuller, S. A. Peskova, and Yu. M. Shamayev]
[Text] A method for computing the required parameters of S~~ ctures bas d on
field for the registers of Ts1dD Lnot further identified]
garnet materials, and for determing optimum geometric dimensions of permalloy
plati:ng is examined.
UDC 681.323
- DETERMItdING THE CONFIGURATION OF A SPECIALIZED COMPUTER SYSTEM
[Abstract of article by I. S. Potemkin and N. M. Allekhverdiyev] -
[Text~ A heuristic approach making it possible to find the configuration
of a specialized computer system, based on microprocessors and solving a
particular class of problems (multiplication of matrixes, transpositioning
of matrixes, two-dimensional quick Fourier transformation, and a number of
othe�rs), is examined. -
116
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UDC 681.31
OPTIMIZATION OF PItpGRAMS FOR CONTROLLING COMPLEX.OBJECTS
~ [Abstract of article by G. G. Danilin]
[Text~ Problems associated with optimizing programs intended for functional
control of complex objects are examined. Two stages are proposed for the
task_ In the f~rst stage, in order to reduce the size of the task, the
process of writing the program is broken down into sections, in which case -
the method for breaking the program down is indicated; in the second stage
the sections are brought into optimum correspondence on the basis of the
developed optimization procedure. _
UDC 681.327.001.5
A POSSIBILITY FOR MEASURING MAGNETIC FIELD~ AND CURRENTS WITH THE HELP OF -
MAGNETO-OPTICAL MEDIA
[Abstract of article by A. M. Balbashov, A. P. Gubarev, S. P. Zalysin,
- and I. Ya. Chervonenkis]
[Text] The possibilities for measuring maqnetic fields and currents by the
methods of electron optics is examined. A comparative description is given _
_ of diamagnetic glass and ordered magnetic substances. The dependencies of
the optimum sample thickness and efficiency of the system on wavelength are
computed and set up. It is theoretically shown that the sensitivity of
measuring systems using ferrogarnet materials is 2�/Oe, and for orthoferrites
it is 35�/Oe, which is four orders of magnitude greater than the sensitivity
of Faraday cells using diamagnetic glass. It is shown by computation that
a sensitivity of about 100 I~iz can be achieved with the use of orthoferrite,
while the sensitivity with ferrogarnet is 1 NIIiz.
UDC 538.61.621.318
DIFFRACTION EFFECTIVENESS OF FERROGARNET FILM5
[Abs tract of article by A. P. Gubarev and S. P. Zalysin]
(Text] The effectiveness of diffraction produced by a multilayered ferro-
magnetic laminar structure consisting of a film of bismuth-containing~garnet
and ferromagnetic metallic film is examined. An expression is obtained for
the diffraction effectiveness of a binary magnetic lattice upon restoration
of the image in reflected light.
117
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UnC 621.318.1
REMAGNETIZATION OF A CORE CONTAINING A PPG BY A SOURCE HAVING FINITE INTERNAL
RESISTANCE
[Abstract of article by A. A. Lipman, A. I. Pirogov, and Ye. V. Poznakhirko]
[Text] An analysis of remagnetization of a core containing a PPG [not
further identified] in relation to parabolic dynamic resistance and an -
~ arbitrary active internal resistance for the oscillator is presented. -
UDC 621.382.822
TfiE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STORAGE TIME AND THE RECORDING CONDITION PARI~METERS
FOR NIDIOP MEMORIE5
[Abstract of article by A. M. Osipov]
[Text] Experimental investigation of the discharge of N~IOP [not further
identified] structures based on 519RYe1 microcircuits showed that the
threshhold voltages are logarithmically dependent on storage time in~passive
state. The discharge rate is proportional to the initial threshhold voltage,
set at the time of information recording. A formula is proposed for de-
scribing discharge as a function of time, which is used to obtain an expression
for determining the storage time of recorded information. It is demonstrated
that storage time is associated with the speed of microcircuits in the re- -
cording mode.
UDC 621.382.822
POTENTIAL READ-OUT OF INFORMATION FROM A MEMORY BASED ON MNOP STRUCTURES _
[Abstract of article by A. A. RytovJ
[Text] A circuit intended for potential read-out from a memory based on
NII~IOP structures, in which the power line is used as the interrogation line,
is described. The circuit is distinguished by lower energy consumption in
comparison with circuits based on standard concepts. Experimental data are
presented for the limiting levels of the signal, "Log O" and "Log 1."
- UDC 621.382.8 -
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENE5S OF CHARGE CARRY-OVER IN DIGITAL UNITS
BASED ON PZS STRUCTURES
- [Abstract of article by S. K. Shmelev]
[Text] The temperature dependence of the effectiveness coefficient for
charge transfer in a delay line based on PZS [not further identified]
structures is examined, and analytical expressiuns are obtained to describe
changes in this parameter in relation to temperature. An expression is
118
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;
= presented for the coefficient of incomplete charge carry-over with a consider-
~ ation fo.r the dynamic conductivity of the discharge. Experimental tempera-
- ture dependencies for the examined parameters at different frequencies are
' given. -
- INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF A HAMMING CORRECTING CODE ON THE TIME OF
~ FAULTI.~ESS OPERATION OF OPERATIONAL MEMORY SEMICONDUCTORS
[Abstract of article by O. P. Kovalev]
~ [Text] Special ways for insuring the required mean life . of semiconductor
operational memories are examined. One such way is to build a system that -
~ corrects for errors appearing dwing to breakdown or failure of semiconductor
- operational memory components. The goal of this investigation was to eval-
uate the mean life of semi,conductor operational memories with which Hamming's
correcting code is employed. -
TFLF SHIELDING OF DIGITAL APPARATUS
_ [Abstract of article by V. M. Konstantinovskiy]
[Text] Electromagnetic compatibility, which becomes a problem when digital
- apparatus is located together with other types o~ electronic apparatus,
is examined. This problem is solved by shielding the apparatus from external
fields, which are subdivided into low frequency and high frequency fields.
[249-11004]
~19
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UDC 65.011.56
MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION (METHODOLOGICAL
MATERIALS )
Kiev MODELIROVANIYE TEKHNOLOGICHESKOY PODGOTOVKI PROIZVODSTVA
(METODICHESKIYE MATERIALY) in Russian 1978 signed to press 15 Feb 78 p ~
/Annotation from preprint no. 1 by Yelena Boleslavovna Bibik, Institute of
Cybernetics, Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 42 pages~]
/Text/ This work presents a technique for designing the organizational
structure of a system for control of production based on informat~onal
modeling of the control processes. An apparatus of structural matrices is
used to construct the informational model.
The technique contains a description of the stages of modeling of the
organization and instructions for practical realization of procedures.
- The example of technological preparation of production illustrates a
concrete application of the technique.
COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AN UkSSR, 1978
- /322-8545/
8545
CSO: 1863
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UDC 519 . 8
OPTIM.AL SYSTEMS
Kiev OPTIMAL`NYYE SYSTEMY in Russian 1978 signed to press 15 Feb 78 p 56
_ /Table of contents from preprint no. 2, Institute of Cybernetics,
Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 57 pages/
. /Text/ Table of Contents
V. I. Popadinets, On Conditions for Convergence of a Numerical Solution
_ toward the Solution of the Initial Problem for Problems of Optimal
_ Control with Discontinuous Trajectories 3 -
A. M. Gupal, Stochastic Limiting Extremal Problems 12
A. N. Golodnikov, Method of Minimization of Convex Functionals
by Distribution Functions and Its�Application to Problems of
Optimization of Reliability 18
V. I. Oksimets, On Some Questions of the Iteratfive Solution of Systems
_ of Balanced Equations 29
Ye. P. Andreychuk, and G. V. Korablev, A Modification to the
Branch-Bound Method and Its Application When Solving a _
Generalized Problem on Assignments 34
I. M. Bondar', Planning of Experiments When Constructing
- Mathematical Models of Complex Systems under Conditions of
_ Incomplete Information 41
0. V. Yermolenko, Application of the Quasi-Gradient Method to
Solving Certain Problems of Identification 46
P. S. Knopov, On Estimating Mathematical Expectation by the Method
of Stochastic Approximation in Space LP 51
COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AN ~J1cSSR, 1978
/322-8545/
8545
CSO: 1863
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UDC 512.9
ALGORITIIlrIIC PROBLEMS OF THEORY OF LANGUAGES
Kiev ALGORITHI~ICHESKIYE PROBLEMY THEORII YAZIKOV in Russian 1978 signed to
press 11 May 78 p 42
/Table of Contents from preprint no. 3, Institute of Cybernetics,
Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 43 pages/
/Text/ Table of Contents
L. P. Lisovik, Qn the Congruence of Finite-Ambiguous
_ Finite-Automat Mappings 3
V. F. Kuzenko, On ~ao Classes of KC Grammars with a Solvable
Problem of Equivalence 16
N. S. Nikitchenko, Problem of Equivalence in the Class of
GL (K) Gra~ars 24
I. A. Basarab, Complete System of Equivalent Transformations for
Ultralinear LA(1) Grammars 33
_ COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AsI UkSSR, ~O7�
/322-8545/ _
8545
CSO: 1863
r'
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UDC 65.012.122:621.643
APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND COMPUTERS TO DESIGN AND OPERATION
OF PIPELINES FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Kiev PRIMENENIYE MATEMATICHESKIKH METODOV I VYCHISLITEL'NYKH SREDSTV PRI
PROYEKTIROVANII I EKSPLUATATSII NEFTEPRODUKTOPROVODOV in Russian 1978
signed to prPSS 2 Feb 78 p 59
_ /Table of contents from preprint no. 5, Institute of Cybernetics, Academy
_ of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 60 pages/
/Text/ Tab1e of Contents
A. A. Bakayev and T. G. Oleynik, Mathematical Models and Methods of
Optimal Design of Pipelines for Diverse Purposes 3 -
V. V. Burinskiy, Simulation Model of Multiproduct Pipeline 24
A. F. Gayevskiy, G. T. Konovalov and M. Sh. Nudel'man, Three Levels
of Reliability of Functioning of Pipeline Transport Systems 40
V. G. Savchinskaya, On One Stage of Construction of a Mathematical
Model of a Transport System 47
N. V. Yarovitskiy, N. I. Kostina and E. A. Badalov, Statistical
Model of Control of a Petroleum Product Supply System 52
COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AN UkSSR, 1978
/322-8545/
8545
CSO: 1863
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UDC 621.3.049.774.2.001.57 -
AUTOMATION OF DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND TEST OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Kiev AVTOMATIZATSIYA PROYEKTIROVANIYA, IZGOTOVLENIYA I KONTROLYA
INTEGRAL'NYKH SKHEM in Russian 1978 signed to press 3 Aug 78 p 30
/Table of contents from preprint no. 6, Institute of Cybernetics, Academy
of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 31 pages/
/Text/ Table of Contents .
L. F. Gulyanitskiy, On an Algorithm for Solving the Problem of 3
Composition
V. A. Kalashnikov and V. A. I,itvinenko, Algorithm for Arrangement
of Gates of Four-Cycle Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Large-Scale
Integrated Circuits with Minimization of Number of Channels in 9
Metallization
V. P. Popov, Yu. A. Petin, V. N. Biryukov and V. M. Maysov,
Electrical Modeling of Integrated Circuits Made with Metal-Insuiator- 23
Semiconductor Transistors
COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AN UkSSR, 1978
/322-8545/
8545
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. '
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UDC 681.3.02
ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Kiev ANALIZ I PROGRAMr~IOYE OBESPECHENIYE VYCHISLITEL'NYKH MASHIN in
Russian 1978 signed to press 15 Feb 78 p 44
/Table of contents from preprint no. 7, Institute of Cybernetics, Academy
of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 45 pages/
/Text/ Table of Contents
G. I. KQrniyenko, Problems of Rapid Analysis and Processing of
Information under Natural Conditions 3
L. V. Boyda and V. M. Rabik, On the Selection of a Rational _
Structure.for a Computer System 14
Z. A. Pikh, On Problem Orientation of Computer Systems 20
A. N. Kolesnikov and V. I. Otenko, On an Approach to Description
of ar_ Operating System 2~+
A. F. Surdutovich, Some Questions of Design of Algo~ithmic
Structures of Problem-Oriented Computers 29
A. L. Reyzin, V. A. Smol'nikov and V. P. Zabelin,
On a Realization of FORTRAN for Minicomputers 36 -
COPXRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AN UkSSR, 1978
/322-8545/
~ 8545
CSO: 1863
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UDC 658.012
METHODOLOGICAL QUESTIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS
Kiev METODICHESKIYE VOPROSY POSTROYENIYA ASU in Russian 1978 signed to
press 24 Feb 78 p 45
/Table of contents from preprint no. 8, Institute of Cybernetics, Academy
of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 46 pages/
/Text/ Table of Contents
I. V. Starikov, Methodological Questions of Determining the
Economical Efficiency of an Automated Control System at
the Oblast Level 3
Yu. A. Avdeyev and I. K. Andrianova, On an Interpretation of
the Problem of Discrete Optimal Control 11
A. M. Bogatyrev, Improving the Organizational Structure of the
- Apparatus of Control under Conditions of an Automated Control
System 18
E. I. Zhukovskiy and E. I. Yarkovaya, Selecting the Optimal
- Alternative in Constructing a Warehouse System
by the Method of Micro Costs 25
A. I. Pavlov, Determining Stock Storage Capacity 30
I. S. Mironov and A. P. Kirillov, On a Mathema.tical Method for Designing
a Warehouse Conveyor System for Individually Crated Freight 38
COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AN UkSSR, 1978
/322-II545/
8545
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UDC 620 + 625. 1-5
OPTIMAL PLANNING OF CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION
- Kiev OB OPTIMAL'NOM PLANIROVANII NEPRERYVNOGO PROIZVODSTVA in Russian
1978 signed to press 24 Apr 78 p 2
/Annotation from preprint no. 9, by V. I. Dolya, Institute of Cybernetics,
Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, 300 copies, 34 pages/
/Text/ An attempt is made to examine the complex of problems of optimal
planning of continuous production from the positions of the unified systems
~ approach to the obj ect of control.
The link between the problems of planning and the disturbances acting on
the ob~ect of control is studied; estimates of these disturbances are made.
A general problem of optimai planning is forlaulated and an approximated .
method of solution is proposed in which the interrelationship between
problems of current and operations planning of continuous production is
tracked. The initial problem is divided, in accordance with the suggested
algorithm, into a series of problems of linear programming of relatively
small dimension, solvable in a specific sequence.
COPYRIGHT: Institut kibernetiki AN UkSSR, T978
/322-8545/
8545
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- AUTOMA~ION OF TRANSPORT VESSELS
- Leningrad AVTOMATIZATSIYA TRANSPORTi~YHIi SUDOV. TSENTRAI~'NYY NAUCI~iO-
ISS?sEDOVATEL'SKIY INS~TITUT MORSKOGO FLOTA. TRUDY in Russian No 247,
1979 P G8
[Table of contents from booklet, Yu. I. Panin, editor-in-chief, Central
Scientific Research Institute of the Maritime Fleet, Leningrad, "Transport,"
1330 copies]
[Text ] Content s P~e
Calcuiation of the Established Number of the Crews on 3
Automated Vessels. R. V. Shchelgachev
Comparative Efficiency of Automated Systems for the Prevention 8
of Collisions. A. V. Zikhachev
Use of Frequency-time Selection of ATICZ [unidentified] Signals 22
in Automated Navigation Complexes. S. R. Komarov
Selection of the Period of Storage Time of Navigation Information
in a Vessel Automated Complex of Registration and Documentation. 25
N. P. Sokolov
Distinctive Features of the Adjustment of Vessel Systems of
Automatic Control With Consideration of Typical Noises. 29
V. F. Syromyatnikov
Program for Calculation of the ]?ynami.c Regi.mes of a Vessel Power
System With Use of a Turbogenerator. V. V. Tsvetkov ~6
_ Rational Structure of a System for Control of a Vessel Power Plant� ~1
E. B. Bykov
Determi.nation of the Rational Qu~ntity of Ballast for Container ~6
Ships with a Given Stability. G. I. Belozerov
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Page
Computer Compilation of an Optimum Cargo Plan for a Container Ship
of the "t~!agiitogors~~" Type. I. M. Kozlova, A. Ye. Sazonov, G. I.
Shepetkov and Yu. A. Yakovlev 54
Distinctive Features of the Work of Automated Mooring Hoists With
Synthetic Cables. V. V. Bocharov 62
COFIRTGHT: Tsentral'r~yy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut morskogo
_ flota (TsDTIINN~'), 1979
[ 2~-7~+-337]
2174
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1 Va~ Vl'1 LVlla.u V~+~+
- AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Kiev AVTOMATIZIROVANNYYE SISTEMY UPRAVLEI~TIYA STROITEL'STVOM in Russian
1979 PP 3-~+
~Foreword by Academician V. S. Mikhalevich of the Ukrainian SSR Acad-
e~y of Sciences, deputy director ~f the Institute of Cybernetics of the _
Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences]
[Text] At the beginning of 1964 the Institute of Cybernetics of the -
Ukrainian SSR Academ~y of Sciences and the Scientific Research Institute of
~ Automated ~ystems in Construction of the Ukrainian SSR Gostroy, under the
leadership of Academician V. M. Glushkov and wi.th the active participation
of the author of this boak for the first time applied network methods and _
~ ~
com~puters for the control oi such large construction sites as the Burshtyn-
skaya GRES, the Severodonetsk Chemical Combine and the metropoli~sn bridge
across the Dnepr River in Kiev. Still earlier the optimum flow of the
construction of heat, an3 electric pow~r st afiions in the Ukraine was cal- _
culated b computer. That work laid the basis of a trar~sition ~o automated
, construction control systems in the Ukrair~ian SSR. In creating them the
~ plaimers used as a basis a definite theoretical foundation and the consid-
derable experience in ASU development accumulated in industry and other
sectors of the national econom~y.
The main effect given by automated control systems is achieved as a result
of the production of compZete, timely and optimum solutions. In const.ruc-
tion, by vlrtue oi its specific features, this is assured abo~*e all by the
intro3uction of tasks in calen~iar planning, the use of network models for
the erection of objects that have positivel,y recommended themsel�res. And
so i~ 3:s no accident that one of the most impor+ant principles in the cre-
ation of construction ASU's is the principle of new tasks, the individual-
izing of which involves the construction of technolc+gical mode.ls of bui:Ld-
. ings and structures and the application of effective methods of calenda.r _
planning. Such an approach is accepted as the main one in the presenta-
- tion of materia~' in the pres�nt textbook.
Other. important principles ~rhich have found reflection i:~ the book is the =
adopt~on of the integrated system for control of all the main tasks of =
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~roduction and economic activity, the wide use of standard planning solu-
tions, the obligation to improve in the transition to ASU's with an organi-
zational structure, material and moral stimulation and legal support.
~ese questions were also examined in the fir~t edition of the book, which
was well rezeived in the periodical press and became well l~own among all
engaged in ASU creation, and also among instructors end students of corre-
~ponding coursas�in construction and other technical WZ's.
In the second edition the most important scientific principles of the cre-
ation of effective ASU's were P~vealed far more widely. They are revealed
in all the pages of the book, which up to now has remained the only text-
book on ASU's in construction and, perhaps, the most f~ndamental work in
the area.
In preparin~ the second edition the author gathered much new material from
the works of scientific research, planning and production o.rganizations,
creati:~rely processed that material and in the final account combined it
into a f
airly harmonious system.
The presented text will undoubtedly be use~.i1. both for the t~r~~ning of
engineers in ASU in construction, which has been expanded in recent years,
and also for a broad circle of workers of construction and planni.ng organi-
zations.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo ob"yedineniye "Vyshcha shkola," 1974
- Izdatel'stvo ob"yedineniye "Vyshcha shkola," 1979, s izmeneniyami
[ 217~+-305]
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- rux urrl~l~, u~r. VIVLI
UDC 69: 62-53(07)
AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION CONTROL SYSTEMS
~ Kiev AVTOMATIZIROVANNYYE SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA STROITEL'STVOM in Russian
1979 signed to press 26 Feb 79 pp 2-4, 7-9, 400, 453-455, 478-479
[Annotation, table of contents, introduction and excerpts from book by V. I. '
Rybal'skiy, in the series, Educational Aids ~or W Z's, 2nd revised and en-
larged edition, Kiev, Vyshcha shkola. Golovnoye Izdatel'stvo, 8000 pages, .
480 pages] -
[Text] Annotation
The principles of the planning and creation of automated construction con-
tol systems are revealed in the book~ the elements of ASU theory are pre-
sented, as are methods and models of optimum planning and methods and ex-
amples of the planning and introduction of automated systems in large con-
structinns and associations. The second edition has been substantially
revised with consideration of the latest achievements in the area of con-
trol of construction. For students of construction specialties of VU Z's. -
= CONTENTS page
- Foreword 3
Introduction 5
Part 1. Elements of ASU Theory 13
Chapter 1. Systems and Control 18
1. S ystems and Models i$
2. Control and Information 33
3. Systems of Construction Grganizations 51
Chapter 2~. Control Systems 55
- 4. The Concept of Control Systems 55
5. Classification of Models and Tasks 66
' 6. The Decision-Making Process ~1
7, Informational Relations in Control Sxstems $4
8. Organizational Structure and Stimulation in Control Systems 86
9. SpQCif ics of Construction Control 91
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Page
Chapter 3. Automated Control Systems 95
10. Main Distinctive Features of Automated Systems 95
11. Classification and Ways to Create Systems lOb
12. Prospects of Improvement and Develo'pment of ASU's 125
~'art 2. aptimization Tasks in ASU's 141
Cha~ter 4. Methods and Mc:iels of Solution Optimization 142
13. Survey of Methods and Models of Optimum Planning 142
- 14. Tasks of Linear and Nonlinear Programming 156
15. Method of Dynamic Programming 168
16. Tasks of Queueing Theory 171
17. Application of Games Theory and Statistical Solutions 179
Chapter 5. Calendar Planning and Network Models in Construction
- ASU's 186
- 18. Types of Technological Models 185 _
19. Network Models igg
20. Basic Formulations of Tasks 203
_ 21. Heuristic Models of Calendar Planning With Rational Use
_ of Resources 214
22. Prospects of the Use of Precise Methods and Improvement of
Multi-network Planning 227
Part 3. AS~~ Planning and Creation 231
_ Chapter 6. Grganization of ASU Development and Introduction 234
23. ~eneral Positions 234
24. The Pre-planning Stage 245
25. The Plan of the System 250
26. Putting the ASU in Operation 255
Chapter 7. Pre-planning Work 257
27. Investigation of the Existing System and Object of Control 257 -
28. Processing of Investigation Materials and Construction of
" a Model of th~e Control System 277 ~
29. Decomposition and F�nctional Structure of the System 284
30. Preliminary Formation of Servicing Subsystems 297
Chapter 8. Develognent of the Principal Suusystems an~ Tasks 317
a 31. S tructure and S cheme of Dupl icated Subsys tems 317
32. Planning Decisions on Separate Tasks 334
_ 33. Informational Linkage of Tasks and the ~~ormati~n of Subsystems 350
Chapter The Planning of_ Servicing Subsystems 353
_ 34. Data Handling 353
35. Software 387
- 36. Hardware 395
37. Improvement of the Structure of Control and Stimulation 408
38. Legal, Ergonomic and Socio-psychological Aspects of ASU's 418
39. Personnel and Educational Provisioning of ASU's 426
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- Page
Chapter 10. Eff ectiveness of the ASU and S tages in Its Creation 429
40. Estimating the Economic Effectiveness and Scientific and
Technological Level of the ASU 429
41. Sequence of the ~lorking Planning and Introduction of ASU's
into Operation 434
Part 4. Experience in the Creation of Automated Systems in
Construction 440
~
Chapter 11. Experience in the Automation of Construction Control 440 -
42. ASU f or House-Building Combines 440
43. AS U f or Construction in Large Cities 442
44. ASU for Territorial and Sectox Trusts and Associations 443
45. ASU for Construction Ministries and Sectors on the Wh~le 444 -
Chapter 12. Attained Indicators and Prospects of ASU Improvement 453 -
46. Periods, Cost and Repayment Time 453
47. Prospects of Improving the Indicators 455
Appendix 456
Bibliography 458 =
Subject Index 468
- [Excerpts] Introduction -
In recent years much work has been done on the creation of ASU's in all
- sectors of the national economy. In the Ninth Five-Year Plan ~1971-1975)
over 2300 automated and automatic control systems were put in operation
in the country, including 195 sector, departmental and inter-sector sys-
tems, over 1400 automated enterprise management systems, over 600 automated
systems for the control of technological processes and about 100 automated
- data process ing dystems (Fig 1). The total saving from the use of ASU's
was about 2 bil.lion rubles.
In 1976-1980 the saving from the use of electronic computers and ASU will
amount to about 3.8 billion rubles.
The first lines of a number of eutomated construction control systems are
now functioning successfully--the ASU of Glavmosstroy, of the Construction _
Ministries of the Belorussian, Moldavian, Lithuanian and Estonian SS R, of
Glavyuzhuralstroy, Glav~apstro}r-anc~ ~lavpoles'yevodstroy, house-building
combines in Moscow, Khar'kov, Minsk, etc. Great successes have been .
achieved by the builders of industries of heavy industry of the U kraine, -
who are using contemporary network models and ASU's on very large con- _
struction sites of the Donbass and Pridneprov'ye. A,utomated inf ormation
systems are being introduced in all the construction ministries, and the
erection of 1500 very important facilitie5 is being monitored with their
help. In the USSR Ministry of Construction of Heavy Industry Enterprises,
Ministry of Industrial Construction and Ministry of Construction in 1976
40 percent of the organizations used various types of automated systems. _
134
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In all in 1971-1975 15 times more automated systems were introduced into
construction than in the preceding 5 years (while the average growth oP ASU -
_ in the national economy was 6 times). More than 1000 tasks were embraced
by those systems, and the total saving f rom their resolution amounted to
more th~n 100 million rubles in the Five-Year Plan [121]. By 1978 the num-
ber of autoamated construction control systems had reached 480; more than `
14,000 specialists participated in their development and intraduction.
The greater attention to the creation of ASU's in construction is natural.
_ It is caused not only by the great importance of that sector f or the devel-
opnent of all other sectors of the national economy but also by its well-
expressed specifics, which is manifested above all in the complexity of the
coordination-of the activity of numerous construction and specialized sub-
divisions, at times subordinate to various departments but working together
on construction sites, and also in the substantial influence of climatic
conditions and the scattering and variety of facilities being erected.
At the present time work has also been expanded on ASU creation in more than
150 large W Z's of�~the country. Experier.ce shows that even the introduction
of individual ASU subsystems substantially increases the qual~ty of the
educational process, assures rhythmic work of VU Z subsections, releases
personnel and instructors f rom laborious routine work and creates the con- -
ditions for cnmplex analysis of Che activity of a VUZ.
In the Tenth Five-Year Plan, in accordance with the decisions of the 25th
- CPSU Congress, the further develo~ment of ASU's and improvement of their
_ effectivness is being assured [1].
The implementation of a large program of ASU creation requires a continuous
growth of the output of contemporary technical means of the automation of
control. In the Ninth Five-Year Plan electronic computer praduction _
increased 30 percent each year in our country, and the total quantity of
newly created computer centers surpassed 3000. In the Tenth Five-Year Plan
the production of computer hardware will increase 4 times. A powerful net-
work of computer centers is being created on the basis of depar.tmental net-
works of the construction ministries.
Specially prepared peYSOnnel are necessary to put into operation and effi-
ciently use automated contrnl systems. Firstly, alarge number of ASU engin-
eers--specialists in the ~'lannittg, creation and operation of systems (there
were more than 200,000 of them in 1976, as against 20,000 in 1971), and
- secondly, all management and engineering technical workers ought to obtain
sufficient training in ASU to successfully work under the conditions of the
scientific and technological revolution. In connection with that, in a
number of W Z's Qf the country ASU faculties have already been created and
~ are functioning, and the course "Automated construction control systems"
has been introduced for all construction engineering specialties. Much work
is being done on the re-training of management personnel, for which a broad
netYaork of courses, faculties and institutes for higher quali�i.cations is
135
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L'VL\ V~iiv1~~+.~ vuu v.~..~
used. Since October 1978 the Academy of the National Economy of the USSR -
has been functioning, in which the highest managers of the national economy
of the country have been improving their knowledge. Special institutes
have been created in the U krainian SSR and other union republics.
[Excerpts]
The further development of the YeS electronic computers will take place
through the creation uf two-machine and ~wo-processor complexes, and also
by the connection of specialized processors to single machines and complex-
es. The already operating "E1'brus-1" multiprocessor Gomplex has a capa-
city of up to 12.5 million operations per second, and the "E1'brus-2" has -
one of over 100 million operations per second.
About 15 years have passed since the start of the first work on ASU's in
construction. Experience show~ that the real periods of ASU planning and
_ creation are very long. Eight years passed from the start of work on the
ASU Glavmosstroy until the first line went into operation; for the ASU
Glavkiyevgorstroy that period also was about 8 years, and for the ASU Glav-
verkhnevolzhstroy it was 5 years. The creation of the ASU Glavleningrad-
stroy took about 10 years. At least 7-9 years will pass from the start of
- planning to complete.turnover to operation of the ASU of the Ministry of _
- Construction of the Estonian and Moldavian SSR, the Glavmosoblstroy, the
"Dneprometallurgstroy" combine and a number of other large production as-
sociations, the first lines of which were put in operation during the Ninth
Five-Year Plan.
The time required f or wortc nn the planning and introduction of automated
inf ormation systems of construct.ion ministries and glavks~is shorter: f or
the first line of the AIS of the UkrSS R Ministry of Construction of Heavy
Industry Enterprises [117] it was 3 years (10 years f or the entire system),
_ the Glavbashstroy of the USS R Ministry of Industrial Construction 3
years, etc. The creation of an ASU of a house-building combine or trust
talces approximately the same time (for example, the ASU of the trusts
"Kurganahilstroy" 4 years and "Mosenergostroy" 3 years).
Consequently, at the present level of development the real times required
f or ASU creation f or large construction associations should be considered
to be 5-8 years from the start of develo~ent to put~ing in operation. For _
individual home-building combines and trusts the real time is 3-4 years.
The creation of automated inf ormation systems of associations and rela- -
tively small construction ministries is possible in 3-4 years, and of union
and large republican ministries is 3-5 years. Let us note f or comparison
that according to a normative document [3] at a labor intensiveness in hSU
creation of 100-180 man-years the periods required vary from 3 to 3.9 years.
The total expenditures on creation of a system are composed mait~ly of the
, cost of development of the plan and expenditures necessary to acquire �
equipment and erect the buildings and structures provided for by the plan.
_ 136
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The total cost of mos t systems Por very large construction associations and
republican ministries reaches 5-15 million rubles, including expenditures
on planning work amounting to 2-6 million rubles and capital investments
amounting to 3-9 million rubles. Thus, acc~rding to the plans the cost of
the ASU Glavkiyevgorstroy was about 10 million rubles, of the ASU Bratsk- _
gesstroy was 14 million, of the TatnefCestroy was 10 million rubles, and of
the Moldavian SSR ministry of C onstruction was more than 8 million rubles.
_ The cost of the ASU's of associations of the type of construction combines,
- incluc?ing a number of trusts and enterprises, fluctuates in the range of
4-8 million rubles, including expenditures on planning work of 1.5-3
million rubles and capital expenditures of 2.5-5 million rubles. The ap-
proximate cost of the ASU's of large construction organizations (trusts,
house-building combines, etc) is 1-2 million rubles, of which expenditures
on planning work are 0.4-0.8 million rubles and capital investments of
0.6-1.2 million rubles. Thus the cost of the Khar'kov House-building Com-
bine-1 ASU is 1.6 million rubles, and the planning work on the ASU of th'e'
relatively small trust "Kurganzhilstroy" cos ts about 0.4 million rubles.
According to "Guide f or ASU planning and creation in the general construc-
tion trusts of the USS R Ministry of Industrial Construction," prepared. in
, 1976 by the Scientific Research Institute of Industrial Construction, the
expenditures on the development of a~.trust ASU are 0.8 million rubles, on
the acquisition of equipment and other expenses, 1.4 million rubles, and
the economic effectiveness is 1 million rubles a year.
For canparison let us note that the cost of planning work on an automated -
enterprise management system according to data of the USS R Academy of Sci- �
ences Central Econamic Mathematics Institute is 0.6-0.75 million rubles,
the capital investments are more than 1 million rubles and the annual eco-
_ nomic effect is 0.45-0.6 million rubles [102].
According to [3] the expenditures on the equipment complex of an ASU are
approximately 0.35-0.4 million rubles for 2,000 workers, 1.5-2 million
rubles for about 8,000 men and 3-4 million rubles for over 8.000 workers.
- Single-time expenditures on the ASU creation amount to approximately 10-20 -
percent of the cost of the active fixed ass~ts.
The calculated repayment period of ASU's of large construction associations
and organizations usually fluctuates in the range of 3-3.5 years (For ex-
ample, 3.5 years for the ASU's of the Glavkiyevgostroy, the ministries of
construction of the L3.thuanian and Moldavian SSR and the combine "Dnepro-
metallurgstroy," 3 years for the House-building Trust No 1 in Moscow and
Khar�kov, etc). In the better construction ASU's that period is 1.5-2
_ years. For comparison let us note that in industry the repayment period is
3.2 years on the average.
The above-presented factual results of the functioning of a number of con-
struction ASU's that have been put in operation and their separate parts
convincingly affirm the approximate information on the effectiveness and
137
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repayment periods of autoznated systems. In the ASU Glavmosstroy alone in
the years of the Ninth Five-Year Plan a saving of 30 million rubles was ob-
tained, and in the Belorussian Ministry of Industrial Construction, over 10
million rubles. On the whole for the USSR Ministry of Industrial Construc-
tion in 1975 the saving from the automation of control was more than 24
millian rubles. According to [121], the annual saving brought by the trust
ASU in conducting operations of 50-70 million rubles a year amounts to 500-
100 thousand rubles on the average.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'skoye ob"yedineniye "Vyshcha shkola", 1974
Izdatel'skoye ob"yedineniye "Vyshcha shkola", 1979, s izmeneni-
yami
[2174-305]
2174
CSO; 1863
~
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WORKS OF THE ORDER-OF-THE-RID-BANNER INSTITUTE OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS: TECH-
NIQUES FOR CONDUCTING ROCKET AND SATELLITE INVESTIGATIONS IN THE UPPER
ATMOSPHERE
Moscow TRUDY ORDENA KRASNOGO ZNAMENI INSTITUTA PRIKLADNOY GEOGIZIKI: METOD-- ~
IKA RAKETNYKH I SPUTNIKOVYKH ISSLIDOVANIY V VERKHNEY ATMOSFERE in Russian
No 36, 1979 p 151
[Abstracts of two articles from the collection of works "Trudy Ordena Kras-
nogo Znameni Instituta Prikladnoy Geofiziki: Metodika Raketnykh i Sputni-
kovykh Issledovaniye v Verkhney Atmosfere" edited by A. Ye. Mikirov, doctor
of physical and mathematical sciences, and S. I. Avdyushin, candidate of
te^hnical sciences, Moscow branch, Izdatel'stvo Gidrometeoizdat, signed to
press 11 March 1979, 430 copies, 151 pages]
UDC 550.3:62-50 .
MODELING INFORMATION INTERACTION IN A GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION COLLECTION AND
- PROCESSING CENTER WITH THE HELP OF THE SPECIALIZID LANGUAGE SOL
KADYROVA, I. M., KOSOV, A. S., KRIVCHIKOVA, V. P., MAGARNU, G. A., and
FRISHBERG, F. M., pp 99-108
[Text] In order to investigate automated information and computation systems
having a complex structure and functions, it is advisable to use simulation
modeling utilizing specialized languages. In this article the authors dis-
cuss questions relating to the modeling of information flows in the section
of a geophysical information and computation system carrying the heaviest -
load, which is the geophysical information collection and processing center.
The simulation model of the information interaction is realized in the modcl-
ing language SOL. Figures 3; ref erences 6.
139
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unc 62i.3~~
- MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AN INFORMATION EXCHANGE SYSTEM
AVDYUSHIN, S. I., DLIKMAN, F. L., DAVYDOV, V. YE., and FRISHBERG, F. M.,
~ pp 109-119
- [Text] The authors discuss the construction of a mathematical model of a
system for exchanging information between an information processing center,
on the one hand, and information collection and utilization points, on the
- other. They demonstrate the possibility of formalizing the information ex-
change process as a queueing process with a limited course. The authors
~ also derive the c~ependences of the basic servicing characteristics on the
system's parameters and the information flows' ~intensity. Figures 10;
references 4.
[296-11746] ~
COPYRIGHT: Institut Prik~adnoy Geofiziki (IPG), 1979
_ 11746
CSO: 1863
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UDC 62-52(75) -
PRINCIPLES OF THE CREATION OF LARGE AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS
Moscow OSNOVY SOZDANIYA BOL'SHIKH ASU in Russian 1979 Pp 2, 3~
- 4, 4-~, 358-360
[Annotation~ excerpts from foreword and table of contents from
the book "Osnovy S ozdaniya Bol'shikh ASU" by Valentin Aleksan-
drovich Baranyuk~ Yevgeniy Semenovich Bichugov~ Aleksandr Iva-
novich Cherkashchenko and Shamil' Umyarovich Urazgel'diyev~ Iz-
datel'stvo Sovetskoye Radio, signed to press 27 November 1978,
- 10~600 copies, 360 pages]
LExcerpts, ANNOTATION
_ The authors explain the basic stages of the creation of ASU's
Gautomated control system] and the principles of the denelop-
ment of all types of functional support for such systems.
This book is intended for the superviso~s of administrative,
scientific~ engineering and technical personnel engaged in the
development ~nd construction of large ASU's~ as well as stu-
dents and graduate students.
F OREWORD
Controlling econom3cs and a national economy as a whole is an
extraordinarily complex and laborious process. It is suffi-
cient to say that more than 10 million people about 14 per-
cent of the entire force of workers and employees are en-
gaged directly in the control field in.various areas of the '
IISSR~s national economy at the present time.
The development of a single annual plan in USSR Gosplan re-
quires the processing of several million doclunents~ including
tens of millions of indicators . The development of one variant
of the plan alone requires more than 80 billion computations.
- Each ministry processes an average of more than 500~000 docu-
_ ments per year, while the volume of information arriving a.t
141
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IISSR Gossnab exceeds the amount of information used by USSR
Gosplan and the USSR TsSU [Central Statistical Administration].
. It is expected that by 1980 the amount of computational work
- done in USSR Gossnab's organizations will increase by a factor
of 2.5 in comparison with 19~4.
- The years of the Ninth Five-Year Pl~n saw the accumulation of a
considerable amount of experience in planning~ building and us-
ing automated systems in the sphere of practical control.
About 1,500 ASU's and 2~~00 computa~ion centers were set up~ on
different lenels and for different purposes~ and the production
of computer facilities increased by a factor of 2.4~ including
an increase in computer production by a factor of 2.6. The
plan f or the lOth Five-Year Plan provides for a further in-
crease in computer hardware production by a factor of 1.6.
The use of modern mathematical-economics planning methods, in
combination w3th the introduction of ASU's and computer tech-
nology, makes it possible to reduce capital investments by 10-
15 percent~ increase gross production output by 7-8 percent~
and shorten the pl~aruling period for new articles by 6~-80 per-
cent while simultaneou~ly improving their technical and econom-
ic indicators by 5-15 percent.
It is characteristic that as the scale of automation increases,
the overall eff ect from improving the quality of planning and
the operativeness of control that is achieved by the integrated
introduction of modern mathematical-economics ~nd ASU's is
growing rapidly. According to data gathered by Academician
V.M. Glushkov~ the introduction of an ASU makes it possible to
improve resource utilization by the following amounts: at ent-
erprises 10-15 percent, in firms 50-60 percent; on the
scale of branches and ministries at least 100 percent.
~ There are well known examples where even the partial optimiza-
tion on a computer of plans that are maximally "condensed" by
standard methods makes it possible to increase a branch's pro-
duction volume by an amount af up to 100 million rubles. In
conriection with this~ if a11 the necessary calcuYa.tions were
made manually, the control apparatus would have to be enlarged
hundreds of times.
- According ~~o the nast modest estimates~ the integrated intro-
duction of
P.~U~s will save this country tens of millions of ru-
bles per year and wi1Z ~ake it possible to chan~e oaer to pros-
pective 15-20 year, continuous' "sliding," average-~eriod and
current pla.r~r~ing with yearly corr~ction of State, branch and
other goals ar~d g] ans .
142
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The creation of an ASU is a complicated and expensive process.
~ In the Eighth and Ninth Five-Year Plans~ the total expenditures
- for the creations of ASU's and VTs's (computation center] were
1 and 4.5 billion rubles~ respectively.
In this country, more than 800 scientific and planriing organi-
- zations are engaged in the development of automated systems.
_ The labor-3ntensiveness of the development of the plan for a -
single ASU averages 50 000 man-days~ which is approximately 4
years of work for a co~lective of 40-50 people.
During the f irst 3 years of the PTinth Five-Year Plan, the cost
- of ASU development for enterprises was halved~ from 700~000- -
800~000 to 300,000-400,000 rubles, and is continuing to be re-
duced by standardization of planning decisions and centraliza-
tion of the planning process. _
Calculations show that when the optimum structure of the com-
puter pool is achieved~ expenditures for the creation of ASU's -
in the IISSR will decrease by a factor of 2-2.5. In addition to -
this~ when progressive areas for the development of AS U's are
provided, their amortization periods will not exceed 2-3 years
- and the efficien:cy coefficient of capital investments for the
- creation of ASU's and the introduction of computer technology
will increase by a factor of at least 1.5.
The extensive development of control automation pro~ects re- _
quire d the solution of a large number of complex problems re-
lated to the rational formulation and organi~ation of pro~ects
for the creation and introduction of ASU's; standardization of
- planning decisions; planning and financing the work; determin-
ing the economic effectiveness of the systems being created;
observing the principles of organizational, methodological and
technical unity.
Two All-IInion Conferences on IIse of Computer Technology and
Automated Control Systems in Enterprises and Industrial Branc:~-
es~ which were organized by the USSR Council of Ministers'
State Committe~ on Science and Technology~ were devoted to a
discus sion of these problems. A detailed analysis of the work
that has been done was giv~n at the conferences and specific
recommendations were made for the further improvement ~f t~ie _
effect iveness of the utilization of computer technology and
automated systems.
A large contribution to the solution of ~he most important
problems involved in creating ASU's was made by the publication
' of the following basic guidance documents: "Branchwide Method-
ological Guidance Materials for the Creation of Automated
. 143
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En�erprise Control Systems (ASU~)" ;"Guidance Instructions for
the Development and Introduction of branch Automated Control
Systems (OASU)"; "Unified Order and Specifications for the De-
velopment and Introduction of Automated Information Process-
ing~ Retrieval~ Storage, Output and Transnission Subsystems"; -
~'Guidance Instructions for the Creation and Equipping of Ma.in
Computation Centers (GVTs) for Branch Automa~ed Control Systems
(OASU)" ;"Provisional Techniques for Determining the Economic
Effectiveness of Automated Enterprise Control Systems."
In recent years different publishing houses in the USSR have
published a number of books and monographs on the sub~ect of
the creati.on of ASU's, hardware and software. The most impor-
tant of them are : "Introduction to ASU's by V.M. Glushkov;
"Methods for Developing Automated Control Systems by A.G.
Mamikonov; "Principles of Modern Control Engineering~" by V.I.
Loskutov� "Handbook for the Designer of Automated Production
Control S~ystems" ;"Software for Digital Control Computers by
V,V. Lipayev9 K.K. Kolin and L.A. Serebro~rskiy; "Control ~om-
puter Software," by S.Ya. Vilenkin and E.A. Trakhtengerts ~ and
so on. A number of translated books a:~d articles by foreign
authors have also been published.
Despite the known abundance of literature on ASU's ~ until now
only a few questions concerning the creation of automated sys-
tems have been discussed to some degree or other. At the pres-
ent time there are practically no sources that have an inte-
- grated discussion of all the basic stages in the creation of
large, automated organizational and administrative control sys-
tems containing a large number of information and computation
- complexes that are di~persed over a considerable area and con-
nected to each other by a unified data exehange system. -
This book is a systematized handbook that is intended to be of -
assistance to supernisorp personnel in making decisions on the
creation of large ASU's , evaluating their expected effective- -
ness and the necessary labor~ monetary and ather expenditures
and organizing and planning work on the creation of large ASU~s. -
- In this book there are brief explanations o;' all the basic
stages in the creation of large ASII's, begiruling with an analy-
sis of control processes that are sub~ect to automation and
continuing up to the choice of the hardware structural layout
- and operati.on algorithm of an ASU, the deve~opment of software _
and network schedules far the introduction of an ASU~ testing
and operation, and evaluating the effectiveness of large ASU's.
In accordance with this book's purpose, its basic emphasis is
on describing the content aspect of the problems encountered in
- developing automated systems .
144
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The material in this book reflects the experiences of a number
of organizations and the authors' personal eaperiences in the
practical creation af large ASII's. In some cases the recommen-
dations are of a special nature that are specific for individu-
al ASU's.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Editor's Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Introduct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter l. Purpose Classification and Effectiveness of
La.rge AS~U's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
l.lo Administrative and Organizational Control as an Infor-�
mation Proc~ss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2. Types of Automated Systems fo~ Administrative and Or-
ganizational Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3. Basic Principles of the Creation of Automated Adminis-
trative and Organizational Control Systems 19 -
1.4. Tentative Development Periods and Labor and Financial
E$penditures for the Creation of ASU~s 24
]..5. Effectiveness of Large ASU's . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 2. Order of Development of an ASU 36
2.1. Stages of the Development Process. . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2. Specific Features of ASU Development and Introduction. 38
2. , ftetwork Schedule for Developm~nt ~nd Introduction. 46
2.~. Organization of the work for System Planning and In-
troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 _
2.5. Composition and Content of Development Specifications. 5?
2.6. Types~ Completeness and Con~ent of Plannl.ng Documenta-
tion 66
~ 2.'7. Unification and St~ndardization of Planning Work 81
Chapter 3. Analysis of an Eaisting Control Sys~tem 89
3.1. Goals~ Problems and Organization af the Work for Anal-
yzing an Existing Control System . . . , . . . . . . . $9
3.2. Composition and Content of an Analysis of an Existing
Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9~
3�3� Processing t~ie Results of an Investigation of a System 106
3.4. Rationalizing Control on the Basis of the Results of
an Analysis of an Existin~ System. . . . . . . . . . . 11]_
Chapter 4. Selecting the Hardware Uux~ing the Creation ~f an
- ASII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11'i
4.1. Approach to Selection of the Hardware. 11~ -
4.2. Computer Technology the Basis of an ASU 119 _
~+.3. Means of Human Interaction With an ASU 126
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Page
4.4. Data Exchange Facilities in Large Systems. 141
4.5. Determining the Composition of the Hardware. 146
Chapter 5. Developin~ the Structural Layout of a Large ASU. 149
5.1. Basic Require~ents for S tructural Layouts. 149
5,2. Deeeloping Variants of the Structural Layout 151
5.3 � Selecting the Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5.4, Operatio~ion of Functions~Between~Human~Beings and 16
5.5. Distribu
Automation Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
5~6~ O~eratin dPr~inciplesiand~Selectingrthetstructuret of a
P g
Large System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Chapter 6. Tni'ormational and Linguistic Support for an ASU. 187
6.1. Composition of Informational and Linguistic Support. . 187
6.2. Composition of the Information Base. . . . . . . . . . 188
6.3, Standardization of Co~itrol Documents . . . . . . � . � 198 =
- 6.4. Intermachine Exchange of Information . . . . . . � � � 207
6.5. The Reference Standards Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
6.6. Characteristics of Classifiers . . � . � � � � � - � � 215 -
Chapter ASU Software . . . . . . � � � � � � � � � � � 221 -
7.1. General Requirements for Software. . . . . � � � � � � 22~
?.2. Composition of Software. . . . . . . . . � � � � � � � 22
7.3. Special Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
7.4. Basic Classes of Calculative Problems. . . . . � � � � 232 _
7.5. Information Retrieval Systems. . . � � � � � � � � � � 236
7~6. Systemwide Software. . . . . . . . . . . � . . . � . � ~3$ _
~~7~ General Technical Software for ASU's . . . . . . . . � 245
7.8. Program Development and Ad~ustment Software. 25~
7.9. Generalized Diagram of the Functioning of a Software
_ System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . 256 -
~.10. General Order and Principles of' the Development of _
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~61
~,11. Software Documentation; Libraries of Algorithms and ~
Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e . . . 269
7.12, Testing~ Tracking and Operating Software. 277
Chapter 8. ~rganization of work on the Introduction~ Test-
ing and Operation of an ASU. . . . . . . . . . . 282 -
Organizatioii of the Work at the Stage of Preparation
for Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 _
8.2. Preparation for Testing and the Testing of the System. 289
~ 8.3. Organization of Work Dur ing the Transitional Period
and During the Operation of Large ASU's 317
Chapter 9. Evaluating the Effectiveness of an ASU 325
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_ Page
9.:1. Indicators and General Order of Evaluation of Effect-
ivenes s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5
9.2. Improving Operativeness of Control; Direct Economic
Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32~
9.3. Improving the Quality of the Develepment of Plans and =
_ Decisiox~ Variants; Indirect Economic Effect. 33~.
5.4. Concept of Technical Effectiv~ness; Optimum Degree of ~
Hutomation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
9.5. Techniques for Evaluating the Economic Effectiveness
of ~n OASU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
B ibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 3 5~+ -
- COPYRIGHT : Izdatel'stvo "Sovetskoye Rad~.o~" 1979
C31o-11~46] .
11746
cs o : 1863
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ARTIF2CIAL .INTELLIGFNCE
Kiev ALGORITMY RAZUMA in Russian 1979 pP ~-7
[Book by N. M. Amosov, academician~
[ESccerpts~ Is it possible to crEate an axtificial intellect? Will it be
capable of doing full-fledged thinking and creating? Whom will he become
the assistant or the rival of the human intellect? All these questions have
been di~cussed by masiy scientists for a long time~ -
N. M, Amosov, academician of the AN UI~ainian SSR, expresses his viewpoint _
' on these questions. The author. is well ~mown for his papers in the field
of simulating thinking and behavior. This book expresses his ideas on their
further development. Possible ways to design an artificial intellect axe
analyzed. The experience of the Biocybernetics Depart ment of the Cybernetics
Znstitute of the AN 'Jkrainian SSR on simulating the int ellect and personality -
is summarized.
This book is intended for a wide cixcle of specialists in the field of. _
cybernetics, psychologists,as well as all those interested in the problems
of modern science.
- Number of copies printed 37,000.
Heuristic simulation by N. M. Amosov, unlike dynamic simula.tion by J. F'or- -
rester, operates basically with nonlineax chaxacteristics of components and
not with their differential equations, although the use of the latter is not -
excluded. This is pernisaible because only consta,ntly active e~-tabli.shed
relationships axe being stuciies (the limited axea of consideration in this
book will be discussed below). The undoubted success of using imitation
simula.tion methods and the rapid dissemi.nation observed. at present axe due to
the fortunate distribution of the "duties" between man and machine. Ma.n
- devises component-by-component chaxacteristics well while the machine _
correlates them well into a single system of equations whose solution obtains -
the s ought-for resu'lts. The weak side of imitation simulating methods is
_ their subjective nature. Khen the author's concept of the models of the -
component characteristica of the object changes, the models change also.
148
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Moreover, there axe gractically as many authors as there are mod.els. It is
difficult to find two authors with entirely the same concepts of objects. It
is pextinent here to remind the reader of the existence of other objective
_ methods of simulation such as the methcd of heuristic self-organization of
models, based on processing a s~all tab:Le of experimantal data. The differ-
ence is tna,t imitation simulatir~~ mp'chods, not requiring experimental data~
make it possible to obtain models of several correlated objecta, while experi-
mental methods produce a model of a concrete personality, a collective and -
- socic~ty.
This book considers the imi.tation simulation of the indicated objects in
the stated plan. At first, the artificial intellect ma,y not achieve full
coincidence between the model and the object, In the ~eginning~ simulatian
may so~ve only part of the urgent problems of interest to us.
The basic limita.tions axe as followss the dynamics of the taxget selection
process (targzt assumption) and forming the "set-up" axe not considered; the
targPt of t~ie object and the system of behavior rules are considered as
given or already developed.; emotion is not simulated; only the nonrandom,
regular component of the psychological processes is considered; the ayna~.os
are not taken into~a.c�otu~t inasmuch as the system component equations axe -
considered as steady stata chaxacteristics.
[351-2291] -
2291
CSOs . 1863
~
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SOVIET DISSERTATIONS ON COMPUTER TECHNOIAGY
Moscow KNIZHNAYA LETOPIS'. DOPOLNITEL'NYY VYPUSK in Russian No 3, 1980
PP 251~ z52+ 253~ 255
[ Listing of entries]
[ Excerpts~
4177. Novosel'tsev, V.N., "Problemy upravleniya v homeostaticheskikh
sistemakh organizma," ~ Problems of Control in Homeostatic Systems of an
O,rganism]~ (05.1~.01~, Moscow~ 1979, 47 pages. In the caption~: US5R
Acadetr~y of Sciences, Institute of Control Problems.
4181. Bakenrot, V.Yu., "Issledovaniye i razrabotka algoritmov operativnogo
dispetchirovaniya zadach v mnogoprotsessornykh sistema.kh paketnogo tipa"
~ Study and Development of Algorithms for Ad Hoc Dispatching Problems in
Multiprocessor Systems of the Packa,ge ~'pe~, (05.13.13~, Moscow~ 1979~
24~ pa,ges. In the caption: U55R Aca,deiqy of Sciences, Institute of Control
Problems.
4193. Ginsburg, B.M., "Adaptivnoye upravleniye potoka,mi informa,tsii v `
setyakh vychislitel'nykh mashin" [Adaptive Control of Data Flows in
Computer Networks] (05.13.01), Moscow, 1979~ 23 Pages. In the captioni
- USSR Academy of S ciences, Institute of Control Problems.
4198. Ka,msha, V.P. ,"Postroyeniye bystrod.eystvuyi:shchikh optimiziruyu-
shchikh translyatorov, obespechiva,yushchikh effektivr.uyu otladku" ~ -
Building High-speed Optimizing ~anslators Providing Effective Tuning]
~ Using the Example of the AIGAMS Complex~, (05.13.13~, Moscow, 1979~
17 pa,ges. In the captions Institute of Control Computers. -
4199. Kozlov~ M.K., "Matematicheskiye maleli i metody resheniya zadach
- ka,lendarnogo planirovaniya razvitiya moshchnostey v otrasli prot~yshlennosti"
[ Mathematical Models and Methods of Solving Problems of Calendax Planning
of Development of Capacities in Secto~.s c' Industry], (05a13.02~, Moscow,
1979, 18 pages. In the caption: US5R Academy of Sciences, Computer Center.
~ 150
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4224. Yavor, A., "Issledovaniye voprosov upravleniya vremenem i
predstavleniye sobytiy kvazideterminirova,nnykh sistem pri dis~etnom
modelirovanii" [Study of Problems of Time Control and Display of Events
of Qua,sidetermined Systems in the Case of Discrete Modeling], (05.13.13)~
Kiev, 1979, 15 pages. In the captions Acaderr~y of Sciences of the UI~ainian
SSR, Institute of Cybernetics.
4225. Yaitskova, G.A., "Avtoma,ticheskoya postroyeniye testov dlya
_ tseley-proizvodstvennogo kontrolya tipovykh elementov zamer~y vychislitel'-
_ nykh kompleksov" [Automa.tic Set-up of Tests for the Purpose of Production
Control o~ Standard Replacement ~lements for Computer Complexes], (05.13.13~,
Moscow, 1979~ 19 Pages. In the cap.tions Institute of Precision Mechanics
and Computer Technology imeni S.A. L ebedev of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
COPYRIGHT: "Knizhnaya letopis'. Dopolnitel'.nyy vypusk", 1980
[307-10908J
10908
Cso: 1863
- END -
151
FOR OFFICI~'iL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200100035-0