JPRS ID: 8737 WORLDWIDE REPORT NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT AND PROLIFERATION

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- JPRS L/g 176
- 2 July 1980
- USSR Re ort
p
ENERGY
CFOUO 9/80:)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9176 -
2 July 1980
USSR REPORT
ENERGY
(FOUO 9/80)
CONTENTS
II,ECTRI C POWER
Electric Power Industry Progress Reported
(A. I. Mayorets; ELEKTROTEI~II~TIKA, Apr 80 ) . . . . . . . . . . �1 .
Reasons for Condensen Tube Failure in T-3a9o-1 Turbine
(Ye. I. Stepauov, et al., PROMYSHLEDTNAYA ENERGETIKA,
Feb 8~) 8
Update on New Equipment intended Por Pawer Px-dduction
Facilities -
(V. P. Goloviznin; ENERGOMASHINOSTROYENIYE, Apr SO) 11
~ Construction, Layout of 'Ato~ash' Plant Described
(V. G. Pershin; II~TERGOMASHINOSTROYENIYE, Apr 80) 19
EIVERGY CONSERVATION
Ways to Improve Standardization, Saving of ~ergy ~in Gas
Industry .
(V. N. Rozov, et a1.; GAZOVAYA PROMYSHLENNOST':
II{ONOMIKA GAZOVOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI, No. 3, 198fl) 25 -
FUF~I,S
_ Goals� for Oil, Gas Industry in Fivc~-Year Plan Reviewed
(Editorial; GEOLOGIYA NE~'I I GAZA, Ma.r 80) 30
Petroleum Geologic Zoning of Azerbai~an SSR Studied
(A.N. Guseynov, F.A. Shirinov; GEOLOGIYA NEFTI I
GAZA, Feb 80) 37
- a - [III - USS~R - 37 FOUO]
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ELECTRIC POWER
ELECTRIC POWER INDUSZ�RY PROG~ESS REPORTED ~
Moscaw ELEI~ROTEI~IIRA in Russian No 4, Apr 80 pp 2-5
~ [Excerpts from the article by A. I. Mayoreta, First Deputy Minister of the
Electrical Equipment Indut~try, eubmitted 13 Feb 80]
[Excerpts] At the present tirne, the YeE5 [Unified Power Syatem] of the
Soviet IInion is already pr~~ducing over 90% of the tota~. electric pawer pro-
duced by all electric power atations of the IISSR. The territory of the YeES ~
covers about 809'0 of the country'.a populated areas.. Electrical networks of ~
the YeES have stretched from the eastern boundarq of Chitinskaya Oblast to '
the weatern boundary of the IISSR.. Networks of the IISSR YeES are connected
with the networks of power aystems af the socialist CEMA member countries. '
The diatance between the extrame points of the IISSR YeES along tihe contin-
uous chain of main communication lines is about 7000 km. The main system-
forming networka of the YeES at the present time are lines of 330, 500, and
750 kV.
This stage in the development of the electrical equipment industry is connec-
ted with the liistorical reaolutions of the 25th CPSU Congresa in which it
was given exceptionally great aCtention. In the report of the CPSU Central~ _
Committee, the electrical equipment industry was mentioned among the four
branches of machine building which have a special reaponeibility for pro-
viding modern machines and equipment to all spheres of the national economy.
~Fulfilling the reaolutions of the 25th Party Congress, the electricsl equip-
ment industry has been increasing considerably the output of products during
the Tentl? Five-Year Plan in compar~.son with the preceding five-year plan.
The national economy is receiving more than 6000 new advanced types of elec-
Crical equipment with a total economic effact of about seven billion rubles.
- More than 45% of the products put out by this induatry will be in the high-
est quality catigory.
One of the examples of the creation of effective complexes ia the develop-
ment and production of special-purpose electrical equipment for the 750 kV
electric power tranamission line Vinitsa (USSR) A1'bertiraha (Hungarian
People's Republic) which is of gre~at importance for the development of elec- _
trification in the CEMA member-countries. Comrade L. I. Brezhnev, Ghairman
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rux vrrl~itu, u~r. v~rL~
of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, congratulated the workers of
construction, installation, operation, planning and design organizations
machine-building enterprises, and all participsnts of the construction of
this line on their remarkable achievement. A number of organizations and
workers of the industry were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union
for their significant individual contribution to the creation of the elec-
trical. equipment for the 750 kV 0initsa A1'bertirsha I~EP [electric power
transmission line]. _
The atomic power industry is developing vez~y rapidly: the output of electric
pawer at AES during this year alone will increase by 33%. The electrical
equipment industry is contributing greatly to the raising of the productivity
of atomic electric power stations bq producing a~arge complex of special
technical equipment: 1500 ipm turbogenerators with capacities of 500 and
, 1000 MW, electrical motors for pumps, special automation and protection sys-
tems, cables enduring high temperaCures and pressures, and highly reliable
continuous feed units. Such complexes have been delivered to the Leningrad
and Chernobyl' AES and will be delivered to other atomic electric power
stations which are under construction in the Soviet Union and in a number of
foreign countries.
Technical improvement of electrical equi.pment and complexes and the improve-
ment of their quality characteristics include great reserves for the growth
of the eff ectiveneas of the entire national production. Growth af unit ca-
pacities and voltages, the raising of the technical level, quality and oper-
ational reliability of products, and the creation of the fundamentally new
types of equipment remain Co be the main tendencies in the scientific and
technical progress of electrical engineering.
The effectiveness of.the production of elect,ric energy depends directly on
the unit pawer and reliability of the power unitswhose final elements are
turbogeneratora or hydrogenerators. Today, 200 and 300 MW generators are re-
placed by series of machinea of 500 and 800 MW. In comparison with 300 MW
generators, each 800 MW unit reduces capital investments into the power in-
dustry by 1.2 million rubles, releases 150 people of the service personnel,
and savea more than 36,000 tons of reference fuel annually.
An important technical achievement of the Tenth Five-Year Plan was the cre-
ation by the Leningrad production electrical machine building association
"Elektroaila" imeni S. M. Rirov of a 1200 MW turbogenerator for the Kostrom-
skaya GRES (this is the largest machine with a rotaeion frequency of 3000
_ rpm), as well as 640 M'~I hydrogeneratora for the Sayano-Shuchenskaya GES.
The Soviet electric machine building industry is faced with great tasks of
the fulfillment of a complex program for the creation of a unified standard
series of turbogeneratora with capacities of up to 800 MW, 3000 rpm, poses-
sing a high degree of reliability and efficie+ncy, as well as requiring a ~
lower specific material consumption. This px~ogram is being realized within
the framework of the Interelektro, and its early completion will be a substan-
tial contribution to the development of the electrical power industry of
socialiat countries. -
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In order to develop the considerable hydroresources of Siberia and the Far
East, it is necessary to create hydrogenerators with capacities of 1000 MW
and higher.
Designs of bipolar turbogenerators with capacities of 1600 and 2000 MW and
quadripolar turbogeneratora of 1500, 2000, and 2500 MW are being developed.
All these ma.chines have to be put into production in the next 15-20 yeara.
Further increase of the power of such machines is connected with the use of ~
more effective methods cif cooling utilizing the superco~ductivity effect in
the field windings. Tt~eoretical an~ experimental studies in this direction
made it possible to produce an experimental industrial turbogenerator with
a capacity of 20 MV�A using a superconducting field winding. l�t the present
time, preparations are in progress for developing a bipolar generator with
a capacity of 300 MW. r
The use of controlled thermonuclear fusion for producing electricity is of
interest. Thermonuclear fusion is a practic~lly unlimited source of energy
which eliminares radiation and chemical pollution of the environment. Power
equipment of reactors consists, basically, of electrical units produced by
~ the electrical equipment industry. _
The steady growth of the unit capacity of thermal, hydraulic, and atomic
electric power stations, construction of blocka for electric power stati~ns,
as well as scheduled and emergency transfers of large amounts of power be-
tween power systems make it necessary to increase the carrying capacity of _
electric power transmission lines.
The electrical equipment industry has developed ~nd produced pilot specimenL
of a camplex of electrical equipment for experimental industrial alternating
- current transmission line of 1150 kV between Itat and Novokuznetsk which is
the first link between Siberia, Kazakhstan and the IIral area. The next goal
is to create a more advanced complex of electrical equipment for 1150 kV with -
a lower level of inaulation. It is necessary to develop a protection system
against internal overvoltages ensuring their limitation t~ a value of 1.5-1.6
Uf. The size of the equipment of such a complex wi11 be smaller, which will
substantially lower the cost of electrical installations.
At the November (1979) Plenum..of the CPSU Central C ommittee, Comrade L. I. -
Brezhnev mentioned the necessity of accelerating the development of the Eki-
bastuz, Kansk-Achinsk, and Kuznetsk fuel and energy complexes and of the con-
struction of the appropriate direct-current 1500 kV electric pawer tranamis-
sion lines, primarily the Ekibastuz-Center line.
The electrical equipment industry developed and produced specimens of all
types of equipment for the voltage clase of �400 and �750 kV as early as in
1976.
In order to increase the technical and econamic indexes of the Ekibastuz-
Center electric power transmission lines, it will be necessary to modernize
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and develop some new types of equipment: high-voltage thyristor rectifier,
conversion transformers, direct-current dischargers, elegas cells, and
others. The complex which is being developed has no analogues in the world's
practice, exceeding foreign equipment with respect to its parameters.
Industrial development of electrical equipment complexes of 1150 kV for
alternating current and 1500 kV for direct current, and lat~r for higher
voltages will make it possible to transfer huge streams of inexpensive elec-
tric power from Siberia and Kazakhstan to the European part of our country
and will improve the reliability and economy of the Unified Power System of
- the Soviet Union in its joint operation with the power systems of the CEMA
member countries. ~
The growing power needs and the increase in the capacities of the electric
power transmission lines make it necessary to searth for new technical solu-
tions for power transmission: developm~nt of promising types of cable lines
(gas filled cables, cables with direct water cooling of current-conducting
cores, superconducting and cryoresistant cables). Superconducting and cryo-
resistant c:able will be used primarily for deep leads into large industrial
centers.
- For electrical installations, it is necessary to set up the production of
highly economical elegas KRU [complete power switching units] for 110 and
220 kv and to develop elegas RRU for 1150 kV.
It is necessary to stress again thaC V. I. Lenin understood electrification
to mean not only the construction of electric power stations and networks,
but also as extensive penetration of electricity into all spheYes of physi-
cal production and everyday life.
1
In the electrification of industry, transportation, and agriculture, V. I.
Lenin saw the basis of the grawth of labor productivity and the most impor-
tant means for the intensification of production and ~.radical improvement of
the lives of the working people.
- In Lenin's legacy on electrificati~n, a special role is given to the electric
drive as a means which "ensures most reliably any speed and automatic con-
nection of inechanical operations at the largest work area."
The modern electric drive is a complicated system of electromechanical de~
- vices, as well as means of automatic control based on the latest achievements
in the area of electric machine building, semiconductor power devices, and
elements of weak-current -electronics and microelectronics.
_ At the present Cime, new series of asynchronous and synchronous electric mo-
tors, as well as direct-current machines have been or ar~. being developed.
The introduction of these series reduces the weight of machines considerably
and imprwes their power indexes.
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Successes in the area of semiconductor technology are responsible for the
industrial introduct~.on of controlled electric-machine-gating systems.
Transistor and, partially, thyristor converters have been introduced for
drives with a power of up to tens of kilowatts.
For more powerful electric drives, it is necessary to develop and produce
- tranaistors for a current of hundreds of amperes and voltages of hundreds
of volts. For drives of an average and high power (100-25,000 kW and higher),
it is necessary to create thyristors for currents of�4000-5000 A and vol-
tages of 3-10 kV.
One of the most important goals of the electric equipment industry is to en-
- sure a high technical level of electric drives, which is a guarantee of a -
high productivity of machines and mechanisms. .
Technological progress was responsible for the high rate of the introduction
of electrothermal processes in many seci:ors of the national economy. The
percentage of electric-furnace 8tee1 in the wo~tld's total output and the use
_ of thermally processed steel in the machine-building industry are increasing
considerably (3.5 times); metallurgi~cal electric furnaces are growing in
= size (to a capacity of 1000 MV~A and higherj. The main task is to accomplish
the complex program of the reconstruction of the operating electric steel-
melting furnaces. Steel-melting furnaces of 200-250 MV�A with a capacity of
800 tons are in the stage of development. E~ctremely important and promising
is the work on the development of powerful electron-beam units for melting
large ingots of steel of up to 100 tons, as well as electron-beam units for
melting refractory and highly pure metals and for applying coatings.
_ The high and ever growing freight intensity on electrified railroad i~nes
and the growth of the rolling stock and the sp~eed of traffic make it neces-
sary to set up series production of direct-current electric locomotives
VL-14 and alternating current locomotives VL-84 with a capacity of over 7500
kW as soon as possible, as well as to create new types of electrical equip-
ment. I4 is promising to use asynchronous and valve traction motors fed
from frequency converters, *_o reduce the sizes and weights oi semiconductor
electric power equipment, etc.
- Later on, we should expect the introduction of linear electric traction mo-
tors and magnetic or aerial suspension of the rolling stock for high-speed
railroad transportation (several hundred kilometers an hour).
The electrical equipment industry is contributing greatly to the development
of the electrificati.on of agriculture~and strengthening its material and
technical base. Here, we cannot help but be amazed at V. I. Lenin's brillant _
insight,who stressed more than once the idea that "introduction of electri-
cal equipment in agriculture will mean a gigantic victory of large-scale pro-
duction" [L,3].
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During the Eleventh Five-Ye~r Plan, it is planned to increase considerably
the electric power consumption in rural areas in comparison with 1980. In
the next few years, about one million kilometers of electric power trans-
mission lines will be built, effective measures will be implemented for ac-
celerating overall mechanization of production processes in plant growir,g
and animal husbandry. The country's agriculture will receive reliable elec-
trical equipment designed on the basis of the latest achievements of science
and technology which will considerably increase the effectiveness of agricul-
tural production.
One of the most important problems facing the electrical equipment industry
is the realization of a complex program on the creation and introduction into
the national economy of electric vibration technique which makes it possible
to increase considerably labor productivity in various sectors of the nation-
al economy.
Electrical equiF~ent should be introduced more widely in medicine. It is
necessary to develop and produce various electrical devices for the diagnoses
and treatment of diseases and various artificial organs for life support of
man.
The electrical equipment industry has a particularly responsible role in
solving socioeconomic problems. Electtification of everyday life and the
development of domestic electrical appliances are viewed today as an effec-
tive base for improving the well being and cultural level of people. Elec-
trical appliances are an element of a camplex problem of electrification of
everyday life in which many various interrelated problems are involved: en-
ergy, architectural-housing, sociodemographic, economical, medical, hygienic,
and many other problems. It is necessady to consider the effects of all
these various factors.
In this direction, it is necessary to conduct intensive studies whose results
are needed in industry for long-range planning of the output of certain mo-
dels of appliances.
It is necessary to give attention to the importance of the development ~f
work in the area of illumination engine~ring both for domestic purposes and
for the national economy as a whole.
Complex electrical devices and complexes created at the level of the best
domestic and world achievements clearly reflect the tendencies of the modern
development of technology combination of semiconductor power devices, com-
puter technology, and elements of electronic automation. The following can
_ serve as examples for this: complex thyristor electric drives introduced in
various sectors of industry, exciCation systems of generators, control sys-
tems, adjustment systems, syatems of protection and automation of direct-cur-
r~nt transmission, automated safety systems of power systems, and others.
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At the present time, sirigle�crystal microprocessors with broader possibili-
ties for controlling functions have been developed and continue to develop
intensively. Controlling computers, microp~ocessors, and other microelec-
tronic means are integral parts of electromechanical complexes. Such com-
plexes using control computers are being widely introduced into nuclear
power engineering, metallurgy, the chemical industry, metal procesaing, fun-
damental physical studies, space research, etc. Murh has been dore since
the time when V. I. Lenin proposed the idea of the electrification of our
country, but sti11 much has to be done. The potentialities af electrifica-
tion are limitless.
Bibliography
1. Lenin, V. I. "On a Unified E conomic Plan," Wcrks, 4th edition, Vol 32.
2. "Plan elektrifikatsii RSFSR" [Plan for the Electrification of the RSFSR],
Moscow, Politizdat, 1955, p 40.
3. Lenin, V. I. Works, 4th edition, V~1 5, p 139.
COPYRIGRT: Izdatel'atvo "Energiya," Elektrotekhnika," 1980
10,233
CSO: 1822
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ELECTRIC POWER
unc 621.iss.i.oo4.6
REASONS FOR CONDENSE~I~TT TUBE FAILUFiE IN T-30-90-1 TURBINE
v Moscow PROMYSHLFNNAYA ENERGETIKA in Russian N o 2, Feb 80 pp 2 5-26
[Article by Ye. I. Stepanov, Ya. M. Bergart and I. N. Kalmy,chkov, engineers
at the Ukrenergochermet technical repair station]
[Text] The T-30-90-1 turbines at the TETs-3 of the "Krivorozhstal"' plant
imeni V. I. Lenin are equipped with KP-2000 surface condensers ~~Oeared,~ ~
made fraa LO-70-1 brass. Considerable amounts of cooling water app
in the candenser of one of the steam turbines 16 months af ter it was put
into aperation. During the inapectiaa of cut-aut samples of the caadenser
tubes, traces of corrosiaa in the form of reddish flakes fram 1 to 5 mm in
diameter were discavered an the tubes' outer surfaces (on Che cooling water
eide). There were open cracks in some places. The nature of the damage
indicates so-called secandary dezincificazion of the brass [1,2].
Noticeab le corrosion damage was not observed on th~ inner surfaces of the
tubes (on the ateam aad ccndensate side). The condition of the tube sheets
and the inte~nal surface of the condenser body was satisfactory. Scale de-
poaits were not found. Over a short period of time 1000 tubes (out of
- 6410)~densateggeThencandenser,pin fact,
brok.e dsowu longcbefore the~eadnof
the c
its standard service life (20 qears) (2].
In determining the reasana f or the breakdcywa of the candenser t-ubes, at-
tention was directed to the basic f actors inf luencing the intensification
of the corrosiaa rate. The cooling of the steam in the condenser is ac-
camplished with fresh water according to a circulating water-supp ly scheme.
In the table are cited quality indicators f or the circulating and make-up
water during the period of time of the turbine's operatia~ up tio the break-
da~wn of the candenser tubes. As can be seen, the salt ~ontent of the cir-
culating water amounted to, an the average, 448 mg/kg (the norm for LO-70-1
is up to 1500 mg /k8) . The content of nitrates, ammania and other impu-
- rities are also within the limits of acceptab le standards, while the pIi
value is higher than the norm [3]. The calcu]ated velocity of the water in
the condenser d ces not exceed the maximum permiss ib le rate [ 1, 2].
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- During a metallurgical analyeis it was established that the metal of the
tubes is of a fine-grained structure--it had not been heat-treated. Fran
[1~ it is knvam that brass tubes with a fine-grained microstructure are
- sub~ect to secandary-type dezincificatiaa, while coarse-grained brass is
= sub~ect to general surface dezincification. In ttie first case, the tubes
may break daan as early as the first year of operatiaa, while in the second
Case the service life amounts to 4 to 8 years.
2 3 4 5 6 Co~e~HCanNe, ~r/Kr ~
1 ~ ` ~ ~ i .,ta ~ -
~AS o Z ~ a 7a m ~ o ~g~ y CII'INtB� HNfpH� XnOpH. ~ u a G �
O 1C 7c y 8NWH3fC8 m m S c,
- ~ ~ u V q OI ~ n c= S TOB TOB AOB ~ X ~
t. tt L ~ Y ~{i Z V 1 L
Cg4 ~CSX ~~z ~Ez VIE uz ~=y Of '
1 6 ~~g 0.25 9,3 5,2 �0,5 I 0,24 10.8 0,014 0.28 75 20 11,7 I 8,5
W+prcpnmiuoxNax ~ 0,5 4,0 6,5 0,88 0,56 13.1 0,020 0,33 ll9 3p 15,7 8,i
1 7 28~ 2,~ 3,6 0.25 O,tn6 .7,5 0.016 0,25 31 7,8
$a6~eoaas I ~p - 2,~ 3,9 0,70 O,TI1 9,1 0,018 0,33 60 9,6 I -
I
1 S n p A M! 9 a M!1 C. B qMG11NTti1! QfNBtAtlml Cpl,IjF~! ~IC19tf~[8 OWfa79767Q.~, e axa~aerarene-aaucmrenwa~m.
Table 1 -
(1) - Water; (2) - Salt cantent, mg/kg; (3) - Alkalinity according to
phenolphthalein, mg�~equiv/lcg; (4) - Overall alkal.inity, mg-equiv/kg;
(5) - Hardness, mg-equiv/kg; (6) - Caatent~ mg/kg; (7) - Iran compounds;
(8) - Copper compounds; (9) - Silicates; (1Q) - Nitrites; (11) -
Ammaiia; (12) - Chlorides; (13) - Suspended subatances; (14) - Oxidi- -
- bi lity, mg/kg 02 ; (15) - pH; (16) - Cfrcu lation; (17) - Add-water; -
(18) - Note. Average values f or the indicatars are cited in the numera-
tors, maximum values in the denamina.tors.
Apparently, the presence of a fine-grained structure in the tubes' metal
is one of the reasons for their premature failure. .As is well known, the
protective layer formed on the metal's surface when the water is treated
with phosphates [4] has a cansiderable effect on the metal's corrosion re- -
sistance. Hawever, the micraphosphate sof tening treat~?ent of the circu-
lating water envisianed in the design was not carried aut.
There are two more similar turbines in operation with KP-2000 candensers,
in which the same circul.ating water as in the case under investigation
is uaed f or cooling the steam. Si.x of the brass tubes in one of the con-
densers were plugged, while there were no~ damaged tubes in the other.
Both turbines ran without being stopped for repairs and without going on
stand~by. At the same time, the tuzbine with the non-operative candenser
was in repair or on stand-by 60 percent of its operatianal time.
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During the turbi.ne's down-time the condenser chamber was flushed with the
circulating water. There was no flow-through of water in the tubes. This
kind of conservation apparently contributed to the acceleration of corro-
sion of the metal in the condenser tubes (standing corrosion) . The pro- -
cess by which corrosian takes place in this case can be presented in the
follaaing manner. The finely dispersed suspended substances in the circu-
- lating water, including micraparticles of aluminum, iron~ manganese and
other metallic compounds, settled out on the bottcm of the tubes du~ to
their awn mass and th~ absence of moving fluids. They formed microcouples ~
with the zinc (included in the LO-70-1 alloy) , which led to the f ormation
of corrosion sources. This propositien is confirmed, in part, by the fact
Chat the ma~ority of capper flakes are found (approximaiely in a 12:1
ratio) in the lower portione of the damaged tubes, that is, in the places
where the finely diapers~.;d slurry paxticles are most likely to settle. In
connection with this the following solution was adapted: when the turbines
are st opped f or repairs or are on stand-by f or a period of up to 10 days
- a stream of cooling water is to be run thraugh the condenser tubes; when
stopped for a greater length of Cime the condenser must be emptied.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Red'ko, Yu. D. "Korroziya kondensatorov i sposoby bor'by s ney"
CCondenser Corrosion and the Methods of Combating It] in "Voprosy
konstruirwaniya 3 ekspluatatsi3. kondensatsionnykh ustraystv parovykh
turbin" [Questians of the Deaign and Operation of Condensatian Appara-
- tus �in St~am Turbines] , Moscow, Gosenergoizdat, 1952.
2. Fuks~ S. N. "Gidravlicheskaya 3, vozdushnaya plotnost' kondensatorov
par~vykh turbin" (Water and Air Density of Condensers in Steam Tur- "
' bines] , Moscaw, Energiya, ]967. .
3. Akol'zin, P, A., Gerasimo~v, V~ V., Kaspexwich, A. I~, et al.
"Vodny*y rezhim teplwykh elektrostantsii (obychnykh i atomnykh)" [The
Behavior of Water in Thermal Power Stations (Comman and Atanic)
Moscaw, Energiya, i965.
4. Klyachko, V. A. and Apel'tsin~ I. E. "Podgotwka valy dlya
promyshlennogo i gorodskogo vodosnabzheniya" [Water Treatment for
Industrial and Urban Water 3upplies] , Moscow, Gosstroyizdat, 1962. -
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Energiya," "Promyshlennaya energetika," 1980
9512
CSO: 1822
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ELECTItIC POWER
UPDATE ON NEW EQUIPMENT INTENDED FOR POWER PRODUCTION FACILITIES
Moscow ENERGOMASHINOSTROYENIYE in Russian No 4, Apr 80 pp 2-4
- [Article by V. P. Golaviznin, deputy chief of technical administration for
riinenergomash: "Soviet Power Equipmeat Constructirn--The Basis for the -
Deve lopment of Power Engineering in Our Country"]
[Text] The many thousands of workers in the power equipment canstruction
collective Cogether with all our country's workers greet the 110th anni-
versary of the birth of Vladimir I1'ich Lenin, creator of the Communist
Party and the world`s first socialist State, with new successes in the
struggl.~ to put into practic2 a program f c~r the canstruction of communism.
- Worl.r.ers in the industry fervently take up tihe call of the CPSU Central
Committee to turn th~e concluding year of the lOth Five-Year Plan into a
year of vital Leninist labor.
V. I. Lenin went dawn in the history of mankind as a brilliant thinker and
a follower of Marx and Engels. He developed their revolutionary te~ching
- and led Russia's proletariat to the victorious October Revolution. He is
the creator of the science that deals with the methods of building social-
ism and communism, the science of the revolutionary party, the science of
the national liberation m wement and the science that deals with the prin-
~ ci~les of peaceful coexistence between States and ~rarious social strata.
' The name of V. I. Lenin is associated with the vigorous develapment of the
electrification of our country. Through his initiative and under his di-
rect leadership the first State pl,an for the electrificat{ ~n of Russia was
- deve loped--the GOELRO plan, which was successfu 11y c anpleted. In 1922 the _
first stage of the Kashira GRES was put into operation. The Volkhov GES
was placed into service in 1926, and as early as 1932 the autput of all
Russia`s electric power statians amwnted to 4.68 billion kW. Lenin's
GOELRO plan and p lans for the further intensive deve lopment af power en-
gineering in our country required the accelerated growth of do~estic pawer
equipment construction, a pioneer in which is the pr oduction association
"Leningrad Metal Plant." It was at the Petersburg Metal Pl.ant that the
f irst steam turbines in Russia with outputs of 50-1,250 kW were manufac- -
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run ~rri~lcw u~.: v..L~
tured. In 1924 at the Leningrad Metal Plant the production of 55 and ~
370 kW capacity domestic hydroelectric turbines was begun.
Owing to the constant attention an~ cancern of the Party and the govern-
ment, power equipment canstruction has becoone a progressive industry. The
equipment manufactured by plants in the industry is characterized by a
high unit output, high quality and high reliabiLi.ty. It is on a 1eve1
with the best examples in the world according to their technical and eco-
nomic indicators. During the lOth Five-Year P].an the power equipment
builrlers achieved definite success in the executian of the tasks artlined
in the decisions of the 25th CPSU Congress. :~n 197~, 275 articles were
produced in the industry which earned the Sta,te seal.of quality.
The qua lity and technical leve 1 of the pawer equipment produced is evi-
denced by the fact that a grawing number of articLes and developments in
damestic power equipment construction are finding recognition on the inter-
national market. The portion of the industry's machines that are exported
amounts to ab ~t 30 percent.. The export of technology and the resu lts of
scientific research and experimental design pro~ects is accomp lished in the
f orm of licences and "know-haw". In many ccuntries in recent years, in-
~ cluding Japan, West Germany, Ttaly and Finland, technical documentation for.
the manufacture of pawer equipment has been sold.
In 1978 the enterprises in the industry produced the basic equipment f or
a unique 1,200 MW power unit. This equipment--the K-1200-240 single-shaft
' turbine and a 3,950 t/h single-stage boi 1er--is built to supercritical
steam parameters. The 1,200 MW capacity single-shaft steam turbine built
by the production association "l~eningrad Metal Plant" possesses initial
steam parameters of 240 kgf /om2, 540/540�C. There is no simila.r turbine in
worldwide turbine construction. The commercial productian af equipment for
pawer units with unit capacities of 200, 300, 500 and 800 MW intended f ar
- thermal electric power plants has continued.
The combined heat and pawer-supply turbines produced by the turbine con-
struction plants, 3udging by their unit capacity levels, the basis charac-
teris'tics of the thermal systems, the initial steam parameters, the thermal �
econamy and their design solutians, carrespand to the technical level of i
f oreign turbine units, while the T-250/300-240-2 surpasses its f oreign ;
cwnterparts.
The turbine construction plants have produced unique hydroturbines for do-
- mestic and f areign hydroelectric stations, including the second hydr o- i
turbine with a remavable axial-�low impeller and a nominal output of 650 MW
_ f or the Sayano-Shushenskaya GES; the third hydroturbine with the first per- _
manent impe ller; prototypes of axial-f low hydroturbines of the Site-1 GES
(Canada); and rotating-vaae hydroturbines for the Sobradino GES (Brazila
as well as the Nizhnekamakaya and Kegums G~S's. The pr.odu ction of hydro- -
turbines f or the Nurek, Ingurskaya, Makt~kvak (Canada), Zeyskaya, Purnari
(Greece) and other GES's is continuing.
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During the lOth Five Year Plan the power equipment construction indust~y
is vigorously increasing capacities and mastering the production of equip-
ment for atomic power plants. The manufacture and delivery of equipment
- f or atamic power p].ants with WER-440 and RBMK-1000 reactors is being car-
ried out, while the delivery of equipment f or prototype units with VVER-
1000 and BN-600 reactors has been cancluded. At a number of industry en-
terprises the development of production of gas-turbine power installations
is continuing.
The production association "Leningrad Metal Plant" has produced several
gas-turbine power installations with a unit capacity of 100,000 kW.
~ The production association "Nevskiy Plant" and the scientific-industrial
union of the Central Scientific l~eaearch and Design Institute of Boilers
_ and Turbines imeni I. I. Polzun w(TsKTI) have begun testing a prototype
of a basement-less modular-deaign sutomated gas-turbine installatian, type
- GTN-25, intended f ar gasline pumping stations. The plant has carried out
the modernization of the GTK-10 units and is realizing co~ercial produc- -
tion of these units with an increased degree of modularity. Compressor
equipment af various designatiana is being manufactured, including equip-
_ ment for the large-tonnage production of mmmonia and ferrous metals.
The production association "Turbo~otor Pl,ant" together with the production
association of the TsKTI is conducting tests of a basement-less modular
gas-pumping prototype unit of the GTTT-16 type. The GT-35-770-2 gas power
installations which are to be used under t~e conditions encountered in the
far North as well as in the PGU-250 units are being manufactured by the
productian association "Kharkov Turbine Plant." The development of the
type GT-45-850 gas-turbine units f or steam-gas cycle installa.tions is also
contin~aing. The production association "Turbomotor P la.nt" has manufactured
2,400 hp diesel prototypes as well as lots of six- and eight-cylinder die-
~ sel engines f or heavy dump trucks.
According to design solutiona and the basic �technical and ecanamic indi-
cators, the b oilers produced by plants in the industry f ar 500, 800 and
1,200 MW pawer units correspond to the level of the world's best examples
and exceed that level according to some of the individual indicators. The =
boilers which are produced in single-body configurations with gas-proof
all-welded water walls operate under pressurization.
The efficiency of damestic boilers when burnfng gas or liquid fuels is 0.5
to 1.0 percent higher than similar f areign designs. When the differences
in working pressures of the envircnment are taken into account, the unit
metal ccntent of th~ boilers is appraximately 10 percent less. In addition
to this, the damestic boilers have better dimension i.n.eicators. -
The solution to the questions p osed cancerning the increase in the tech-
nical level of production, its efficiency and the quality of the products -
manuf~ctured is being realized through the introducton of progressive meth-
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- r~n vrr t~lesi, uo.: v.rL~
ods, the perfection of the production structure, an imprwesnent in the
utilization of fixed capital, the app lication of co~puter technology, the
develapment of the productive capacitie.s that have been put into service,
etc. An entire c anplex of pr ~ressive technologic~.l pr ocesses and equip-
ment has been introduced in the industry.
At the "Energanashspetsstal"' plant in Kr~natcffsk a 6,000 tan hydraulic
- forge has been put into service. It is equipped with a manipulator and a -
special forge crane and will operate as an autamated forge c~plex. A simi-
lar forge complex will be put into service in 1980 at the "Izhorskiy rlant"
production association imeni A. A. Zhdanov. -
During the manufacture of reactor housings, steam generators, containers
f or the emergency shut-down and radiation shield system (SAOZ) and WER
volumetric ccmpensators, high-productive flux and submerged-arc welding is
_ emplayed. A two-pass method of inetal deposition with a ribban electrou~e is
being used instead of the previausly applie~i method c~ deposition in five
or six passes. _
In the production associatian "Izhorskiy Plant" the country's largest
sumerged-arc and vacuum-are smelting furnaces are being employed, which
make it possible to smelt metal for f orge ingots weighing up to 60 tons.
Refining apparatus fram the ASEA firm in Switzerla.nd is also being used.
~ At the "Energomashspetestal"' plant in Kramatorsk a vacuum-induction smelt-
ing furnace (VIP) with crucible volumes of 7.5, 15 and 30 tons has been put
_ into operation. Constructian hae begun an a batch-process submerged-arc
procesaing installation designed to obtain forge ingots of up to 200 tons
in weight. -
The production associatian "Izharskiy Plant" together with the scientific-
industrial unian of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Machine
Constructian Technology (TsNIIT~ash) has introduced a production process
f or pressing out manif o]tis on the rim of the manif old zane in the WER-1A00
reacCor body. The development o~ a cammercial process fi.~r stamping steam
generator manifoldE is also being carried wt. Work is continuing on the
creation and introduction of auto~aatic enterprise control and automatic
production-pr ocess c cmtrol systems (ASUP and ASUTP's) . An industry center
for the automatian of production processes has been organized.
By the resolutian of the CPSU Central Carnmittee and the USSR Council of
Ministers "On Che Further Development of Machine Constructian in the Years
1978-1980," Minenergom?ash and the other miniBtries have had the f ollaaing
tasks planned for them: the creatian and productian develapment of new ma-
chines, equipment, instruments and mechanization and autamatian faciltties;
an increase in the relative sha~e of products in the higher-quality cate-
gox'ies; a decrease in the weight of ma::.ufactured machines and a reduction :
in the expenditure of inetal; the realizatiai of ineasures directed at in- ~
crea~ing the service life of the primary machinery and equipment by a fac-
tor a~ 1.5 t o 2 in coanparis an with 1975.
i
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The Communist Party has ser *_he task af increasing the efficiency of so-
cial praduction in any way possible, that is, the task of obtaining th.e ~
maximum possible socially beneficial results with the least expendit-ure of
labo~r and material resources. It is a question of reinforcing the glan,
productiaa and labor disciplines in each part of the operatioa. The at-
tai~ent of high efficiency demands that the entire industry rise to a
level of intensive develapment as a chief prerequisite far the accelerated
graath of ]abor productivity. In this case, a determining role is played
by the refitting of ~.ndustry on the basis of progressive methads and an
impr wement in lab ar organizatian. ~
In order to maintain the planned constant supply of power production equip-
ment to the economy, it is necessary to increase the production output of
- high-qualtty semi-finished products, steam turbines, fittings, turbine
, pipes and heat-exchange equipment. The production association "Izhorskiy
Plant" must camplete crns~ructian of pro~ects for the ccmplex of 6,000 and
12,000-tan forges as well as canplete the modernizatian of electric smelt-
~ ing and sheet-rolling mi.lls with the "5000" mill. The production associa-
tion at "Energanashspetsstal"` in Kramatorsk must camplete the canstruction
of a forging and pressing mill with a 45,000-ton press complex intended for
the production of large-diameter seamless tubing. They must also finish
the constructiaz of the final-dressing and heat-treatment building as well
as the structural steel welding shop.
Taking into account the pawer production industry's requirement f or steam
turbines in atcmic pawer plants, measures for the development of production
capacities at the "Kharkov Turbine Plant" productian association will be
adapted in accordance with the resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers.
During the llth Five-Year Plan the production association collective
"Turbomotor Plant" will be faced with the task of organizing the production
of steam turbines f or atomic TETs's. In addition to this, it will be neces- '
sary to create new productian capacity in the productian association "Red
Eoilermaker" f or the manufacture of heat-exchange equipment.
In order to increase the autput af turbine pipes and fittings it will be
necE~ssary to carry out a number of ineasures intended to develop the pro-
ducti~n af pawer equipment fittings for dcmestic use at the Chekhov and
Belogorodskiy power equipment construction plants. This will include coan-
pleting construction of a special building at the Belogorodskiy plant and
autfitting it campletely with unique production-process equipment.
The greatest tasks before the workers in the industry are in the area of
ccastructing redctar, turbine and other types of atomic equipment, includ-
ing ; equipmen t f or e ar thqu ake-pr eof c ommercia 1. AES' s wi th the VVER-1000
reactor and steam turbines with an output of 1 milliot~ kW that aperate at -
1,500 and 3,000 rpm; equipment f or co~ercial AES's with the RBMK-1500
water and graphite-modulated channel reactor; equipment for prototype and
commercial district heating atomic power plants; and equipment f ar chemical
atanic power p].ants with helium coolant and spherical fuel elements. The
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development of vertical steam generators for saturatpd and superheated -
steam in AE5 units with the WER-1000 reactar must be co~pl,eted. 1
Asaociated with pawer engineering's shift from gas and fuel oil to solid I
fuel there is a sharp rise in the demand f ar coal-pulverizing equipment.
Under these conditioas, the crnstruction of a coal-pulverizing equipment ~
shop at t~ie Syzran' turbine caastructiaa plant is of great significance. I
Within the ministry system intensive work is being canducted on the crea- I
tion of steam and steam-gas units, boilers and auxi]iary boiler equipment I
for the burning of Kansko-Achinsk~ Ekibastuz, Kuznets and other coals as I
well as by-product gas fran the refining process. Coal-fired equipment
with unit capacities of 200,000 to 800,000 kW are being built, as well as ~
by-product gas units with up to 1.2 millian kW capacities.
One promising direction for the utilization of eastern coal deposits is the I
creation of pawerful (up to 1 millian kW) steam-gas installations with j
intercycle coal gasi,ficatian. The first stage in solving this problem is -
the construction of a 250 MW installation. The basic tasks of the scien-
tific research, design and production collectives in the area of boiler
construction are: _
1. The canclusion of development of the technical documentatian and the
arganization of canmercial productian of boilers with a steam-producing
capacity of 2,650 t/h for 800 MW power units fired by Kansko-Achinsk and
Kuznets coal; the production of VPG-600 high-pressure steam generators for
PGU-250 steam-gas installations; the productiai af a 420 t/h boiler with a ~
"cold vartex; the productioa of a small vertical-chamber boiler for the
burning of gas and fuel oi1 as well as a production run of waste-heat boil- i
ers and generating boilers.
2. The performance of start-up, ad3ustment and testing operaticns on the
boiler for the 1.2 million kW unit installed at the Kostro~aa GRES, as well
as oa the first small-scale 500 t/h boiler fired by Kansko-Achinsk coal,
on the UPG-60/160 steam generator f or pumping steam into of 1-bearing under-
ground strata and oa the SRK-1400 soda regenerative boiler, the manufacture
of whic'h will be caicluded this year according to plans for production and
the introductian of new techniques.
3. The executian of a number of operations for the construction of a small-
scal,e vortical boiler f or the 800 MW unit fired by Kansko-Achinsk coal and
f or the constructian of a 420 t/h f luidized-bed boiler.
4. The complstion of work on the standardization of eombustion apparatus,
intended for the organization of their centralized.manufacture. The tran-
s~.tion to a new series of boilers, type DE and KE, intended for industrial ,
pawer production.
It is necessary to develap and organize the productian of 4 and 6.5 Gcal/h
_ generating boilers and designs f or preheating apparatus, etc.
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In the area of turbine construction it will be necessary in the near
future:
1. To carry out a great nnmber of scientific research~ design and pro-
duction operations for the construction of peak and semi-peak equipment, _
including 500 MW steam turbines that operate at 130 kgf/cm2; 150-200 MW
g2s-turbine installations with gas temperatures of up to 1100�C and higher
ahead of the turbine; and high-efficiency hydroturbines for pumped-
hydroel,ectric storage plants and, primarily, for the Leningrad GAES and
the GAES of the Souther Ukranian power complex. _
2. To build reli.able 16,000-25,000 kW gas-pumping units in modular con-
figuration, including 25 MW units that operate at 120 kgf/cm2.
3. T o raise the technica 1 level of gas-turbine insta llations emp layed an
main gaslines and at chemical industry enterprises associated with the pro-
duction of ammonia and dilutenitric acid.
In connectiaa with the tasks listed above, there are many problems in the
- in the machine assembly industry that must be solved by our metallurgists,
metals physicists, flaw inspectors and product~ion engineers.
The resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Mini-
sters "On Imprwing Planning and Strengthening ~he Influence of the Eco-
nomic Mechanism on Increasing Production Efficiency and Work Qua lity" has,
on the whole~ put before the Ministry and the industry new tasks in the area
of improving the cantrol af scientific and technical progress. Chief amo*~g
these are the tasks of raising the level of planning for the development of _
science and technology and creating a stable and more flexible system which
will insure : the p lanning of sciQntif ic and technica 1 deve lopments on the
basis of pro~ected orders; the cacxtinuity in carrying out the work "from
conception to introductian;" and the efficient utilization of material,
manpawer and financial resources in the industry.
Particular attentian must be directed to the development of ineasures de-
signed to strengthen the role of the five-year plans and annual plans for
the deve lapment of science and technology as the chief f orms of p lanning
the industry's scientific and technical progress. Also necessary is the
further imprwement of the existing system of economic and ma.terial stimu-
lation of the developers of the new technology. This must be dane in order
t,o increase their interest in reducing the time needed to create the ob-
jects of this new technology, as well as to raise the technical leveJ. of
their develapments and to aid them in mastering the commercial prod:action
of especially important and highly efficient types of machines and equip-
ment used in the assimilation of new, progressive methods.
P~aer equipment construction is the techni.cal basis for the progres4 of
S wiet power engineering. Workers in the industry will insure the exe-
cution of those tasks put forth by the 25th CPSU Congress concerning the
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L'VL\ Vl'L'lVl[aL v.~~+ V!\~..~
future growth of productive capacities at our cauntry's electric gower
statio~ns and the improvement in the quality, reliability and efficiency
of paaer e~uipment.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye," "Energomashinstroyeniye,"
1980.
9512
CSO: 1822
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ELECTRIC POWER -
CONSTRUCTI~N., LAYOUT OF 'ATOMMASH' PLANT DESeRIBED
Mosc aa ENERGOMASHINOSTROYENIYE in Russian No 4, Apr 80 pp 5-7
[Article by V. G. Pershin, deputy miniater of pawer equipment coastruction
aad chief director of the Volgodmsk productian associatian for the con-
struction of atamic pawer equipment: "'Atommash'--A Key Construction Pro-
~ect in the lOth Five-Year Plan"]
[Text] Speaking at the November (1979) Plenum of the CPSU Central Commit-
tee, L. I. Brezhnev named the 'Atoa~mash' plant as one of the three large-
scale economic pro3ects whose productive capacities had been placed into
service during the first f our years af the lOth Five-Year Plan. In "Basic
Directians f ar the Development of th-a Ecanomy of the USSR in the Years
1976-1980," adopted by the 25th CD~U Congress, provisions are made for the
further develapment of atoa0.i.c ~awer in aur country. Thus, atamic power
plant output should increase "by mae than 13 millian kW b;~ 1980. By 1985
the total output should incr.ease several times over.
y The rates of growth planned for the atanic power �:ndustry make great de-
mands on the power equipment co~struction indust,ry regarding the provisian
of complete equipment to ato~ic pawer plants. To a considerable degree,
the solutian to this problem rests on the 'Atommash' atomic pawer equip- _
ment constructian plant now being built in Volgodonsk. This is the first
enterprise in the USSR designed specifically for the mass production of
atomic power plant equipme.nt. When fully develaped, its productian output
will amaint to 8 million kW of camplete power equipment f or atomic power
stations. The plant will be built in two stages, each of which will have
an autput of 4 million kW of AES equipment.
Thanks to the ~ersistent work of the builders, installation workers and
operators, all of whom were actively assisted by the many machine con-
struction and equipment supply enterprises in aur country, the first pro-
duction camplex (with an output of 3 million kW of AES equipment) was put
into service in 1978. In December 1979 the State Commission signed a bill
that allawed another 1 million kW of productive capacity to be put into
service. Thus, the 'Atommash' plant's productive capacities have been
pZaced into operatian in such a way that the following faur assemblies of
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rox ur~r'1(:lAL u~r. U1VLY
WER-1000 reactor-building equipment may be produced annually: the reactor
hwsing, the steam generator, the water tank f or the emergency shut-dvwn
and shielding system (SAOZ) and the volumetric campensatar.
While deve laping the design of the p lant, specialists f ram the design in-
stitutes pa{nstakingly researched the technical and econamic canditions
determining the choice of a crostruction site f ar such an enterprise. The
city of Volgodonsk in Rostovskaya oblast was selected due to the nearness
of the Danets coal basin's metaliurgical base and the feasibility of trans-
porting the finished products to the primary consumers by water across the
Tsimlyansk reservoir and alang the Volga-Don ship channel. During the
designing of the plant the latest achievements of science and technology
were not the only factors cansidered. Also taken into consideration were
the possibility of developing atamic pawer production along the line of
further improvement in the unit capacity of atomic pawer installations as
well as the construction of atamic power plants with fast breeder reactors.
The "Atommash" plant is an industrial camplex where atomic pcxaer plant
equipment gces thraugh the compLete productioa-process cycl~e of manufac-
ture--f rom the proceasing of raw stock to the finished item in a given
state of installation readiness. "Atommash's" uniqueness consists of the
fact that, f ar the first time, production-line techniques insuring the
, progressive motion of parts and assemblies fran one operation to the next
are being employed in the productim of paaer plant reactor equipment.
Another essential feature of the new pla.nt is the inherent blend of spe-
_ cialization and universality in the productian sections and shaps regarding
the equipment being used. In the future this will make it possib]re to al-
ter the design of AES equipment within broad limits.
The intensificatian of specializatian in the individual shaps and sections
will make it possible to utilize more fully the production-pr ocess equip-
ment, apply mass�-production processea and create mechanized mass-production
lines equipped with modern high-output machinery coupled to a broad system
_ of transportatian facilities. In the largest building (No 1), the produc- -
- tion of aversize items of pearlitic steel is concentrated: reactor bodies,
covers, upper units, steam generatars, volumetric compensators, water
tanks f ar the SAOZ, superheaters and steamtraps, apparatus f or hand ling
the in-building equipment (OPVKU) and the hand]ing machinery. In this
building all the ma3or large assemblies and parts go tlirough the campl.ete
manufacturing cycle, including all production caaversions (stamping, weLd-
ing, machining, heat treating, checking, testing, painting, greasing and
packaging).
Production is based on the specialized co~tinuous-f low manufacture of as-
semblies and structures that are united by the general nature of the pro-
_ cessing they must undergo and the similar nature of the productian-process _
equipment being used on them, that is, assesnblies an.d structures that are
technologically similar. The buil,ding consists of ].0 f loors, three of which
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are 42 m wide and have a maximum height (up to the crane rails) of 30 m.
Unique electric werhead traveling cranes with a lifting capacity of up
to 1,200 t are being installed. On the remaining seven f loors which are
30 m kide and 20 m high (to the crane rails), electric overhead cranes of
up to 400 t capacity are being installed. In this same building a _
15,000 t press has been installed in order to manufacture billets for the
equipment bases in the reactor building.
Taking into account the large dimensions and great weights of the parte
and assemblies being maneiactured, the building is equipped with unique
metal-cutting and welding machinery which makes it possib le to produce as-
semb lies of up to 1,000 t in weight. More than 20 percent of the overall
number of inetal-cutting devices are n~erically programmed and controlled
machine tools. For the quality cantrol and treating of pipes, provisions
have been made f or the mechanized and sutamated cantinucus-f low lines that
will accomplish degreasing, cleaning, treating and the u ltrasonic and hy-
draulic checks. A productian-line process ie envisioned for f acing the
- inner surfaces of the first-circuit units with an anticorrosion layer of
stainless steel. _
For the manufacture of small parts and individual assembled units, building
No 1 f orms a coaperative with building No 2, where the manufacture of con-
trol and shielding systems (SUZ's) is concentrated. These are the most
precise and important atamic equipment ~ssemblies. Building No 2 cansists
of severa 1 machine shops in which the camp lete processing cycle f or the
parts is carried out on mechanized and automated continuous-f low lines.
Here the organization of integrated systems for processing individual
groups of parts (rotating-body parts, reactor-body parts, pinions, sprock- _
ets, etc.) has faund broad application.
In building No 2 the campl,ex system of organizing small-scale manufacturing,
which has been adopted for "Atommash," is based on the f ollowing ma~or
princip les: increasing the series pr oduction by the unificatian, standardi-
zation and classification of parts; the application of mass methods for _
processing the parts; the creati on of sections for the gr oup pr ocesaing of
one particular type of part as well as mixed-batch group-processing lines;
the mechanization and automation of the transportatian, storage and distri-
bution operations on the basis of the creatian of clear-cut transportation
and storage systems; and the creation of a clear-cut syste~r? of controlling
small-scale manufacturing through the application of inechanized and auto-
mated production control. In the manufacture of SUZ's electron-beam weld-
ing of the reactor hausing is being used as well as precision equipment f or
- machining. In these same shops the instruments are tested, finished and _
greased.
In building No 4 is located the plant's main pattern shop, adjoining the
sheet and rolled aetal shop. There are two separate lines in the pattern
sh op; one of them makes bi l le ts f r am carb an s tee 1, the other fr om s tain-
less. Each line is equipped with m alern high-output machines; the entire
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cycle of operations, fr~ the dressing and tri.mming of the sheet metal to
the assembly of semi-finished products and the remwal o~ the cuttings is
fully mechanized. This same buiLding is where they produce the agparatus
that goes into the reactor harsing, the heat exchangers of the first cir-
cuit, the housings, cylindrical casings and other items ~ade from austen-
itic steels; in addition, this is where they will manufacture the welded
structural steel assemblies for the shaft interior and the auxiliary
equipment, the biological shielding assemblies and the transportation
equipment.
In order to satisfy its awn requirements for welded materjdls, on whose
quality the reliability of the AES equipment depends to a considerable de-
gree, prwisions have been made for the constructiai o~ building No 6. In -
this building they will carry out the manufacture of electrodes and fluxes.
Here also is located a shop for the reprossessing of steel shavings and
me ta 1 cu t tings .
In cannectian with 'the exceptiaaally great demands made a? the quality and ~ '
reliability of equipment f ar atamic power stations, particul~r attention
is being devoted to inspection. In the ato~ic pawer equipment canstruction
industry inspectian operations comprise up to 30 percent of the entire
productian cycl,e in the manufacture of the equipment. The starting mate-
rials, semifinished and finished products are subject to inspection. At
"Ato~mash" modern methods of nm-destructive inspectian are employed:
ultrasonic, magnetic-pawder, capillary and radiographic. The rocros in
which the radiation inspection is canducted are equipped with mechanized
devices which deliver the items to the inspection zone; the inspection
areas are combined into a single camplex with its ~ auxiliary equipment.
The "Ata~ash" plant will be continuously supplied with special equipment
and a great number of cutting tools, meassring devices, accessories,
_ stamps and productian organizatian equipment not anly during the construc-
tian stage but during the period of subsequent operation as well. Within
the productioa camplex pravisions have been made for a special building
for the manufacture of all the listed equipment--building No 5(with its ;
own warehouse system, its own pattern shop, machine shop and welding and ~
assembly shop). Here new types of nan-standard production equipment will
be bui lt and their adjustment and initigl industrial testing will be car-
ried out. In building No 5 wi1X be installed cantinuous-flaa lines for
the manufacture of a. special cutting tool.
The probl,ems of providing production training are also served to a cansid-
erable degree by building No 3, whose first line was built and put into
operation as early as 1976. Within the building is located an entire com-
plex of shops where ncn-standard equipment, fittings and special tools are
produced. Here, too, is where the working staff undergoes ~raining.
- Thanks 't o the time ly intr odu ction of bui l,ding No 3' s f irs t line, 26, 000 t
of nm-standard equipment and 15,000 t of inserts and structural steel as-
semblies made to builders' orders have been manuf actured f or the plant's
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shaps in the last three years. Galvanic processing and the productian of
g oods f~r d anestic consumption will be located in the second line of build-
ing 1~ 0 3 .
During the designing and crostruction of the "Atammash" plant great atten-
tian is being devoted to the protectian of the environment. The measures
that are being carried out insure the absolute safety of the persannel who
deal with the radiation inspection. All industrial drainage is render~d
harmless in the local purificatian works built on the plant's praperty.
After this it undergoes mechanical and biological purification at special-
' ly ccrostructed urban purification works.
A multilevel, multicomputer co~plex is envisaged to govern the plant's ~
autcmated production control system. Wide use will be made of various
types of equipment f or the preparacion of data and the registratian of in- -
formation; af techniques for central cantrol, production, public-address
- and paging canmunicatians; of HF communications with the cranes and radio
communications with the mwable transporters; of equipment for an auto-
mated design system; of copying and enlarging equipment; of industrial
television installatians, etc.
Taking into acccunt the great volume and the diverse network of the auto-
mated cantrol system, provisions have been made for the construction of
a computer information center in the plant. In order to train qualified
personnel, an industrial-technical school has been created at the plant,
while plans have been made to construct two more schools and put them into _
operatioa as well. There is a technical school at the plant to train
specialists with average technical backgrounds.
The production of atomi.c power station equipment demands cantinual work on
the maintenance of high quality and reliability in the manufactured pro-
ducts. With this goal in mind, such services have been created as the de- _
partment of the chief inetrologist, the cent�ral plant laboratory (TsZL),
the central measuring-equipment laboratory (TsIL) and the central labora-
tory f ar non-destructive inspection methods (TsLNMK) . All of *.hese sec-
tions are located in a separate laboratory building. Provisions have been
made at the "Atommash" complex f o~ the creation of the correspondir~g scien-
tific and design sections with an industrial testing base, laboratories,
modern equipment and instruments. The harmonious work of the builders, in--
stallers and plant workers has made it possible not only to put these pro-
- ductive capacities into operation ahead of schedule but also to accelerate
their mastery. It was also at ths "Atommash" plant that the motto "Build
Ahead of S chedu le-~fas ter Ahead of S chedu 1~" was b orn.
The great services of the Don workers in the development of the ec anany are
- noted in the greeting of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Commi.~-
tee and Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, L. I. Brezhnev,
to the workers of Rostovskaya oblast. IJo small part in this success be-
longs to the builders and operatars of "Atommash."
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kvx ur~r~lt;i~u. u~r. ULVLY ~
In a short period of time a Frorkers c ollective with thousands of inembers ~
was organized at the plant. Thausands of workers and engineers went
through training and apprenticeship at related enterprises. They have
mastered many camplicated production ~rocesses: auto~atic-machine welding,
facing, heat treatment, nan-destructive inspection, etc. Strict produc-
- tion diecipline and great demands for cleanliness and pralucticn efficien-
- cq, necessary f or insuring the high quality and reliability of reactor
equipment, have been asserted at the plant. A production control system
with a maximum centralization of control functions has been developed and
introduced. All of this makes it possible to accelerate the mastery of
the productive capacities that har~e been introduced.
The workers note tne 110th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Lenin with new
working auccess. By this date, dear to each Swiet man and waman, work
will be completed on the ar~sembly of the upper and lower halves of the
- first atomic reactor, and the production processes for the anticorrosion
f acing of par ts su ch as f langes and f or the automatic welding of manif olds
onto the steam generator, etc., will be mastered.
"Atommash" is not ~ust a large-acale plant. It is a socio-industrial com-
plex in the sountry's South. An entire city with homes having a total
living space of 1.3 million m2 (about 700,000 m2 of living space have al-
ready been put into service) is under canstruction. In order to pravide
the people who wor?; at "Atommash" with f ood supplies, a model subsidiary
farm and settlement is being built. Already 120,000 people live in
Volgodansk. By the end of the llth Five-Year Plan the Volgodonsk popula-
tion will be 200,OU0 to 230,000 people.
A vivid embodiment of the socio-econa~mic program being carried aut by the
Communist Party and the Soviet government can be f aund in the construction
- of the "At o~mash" plant . ~
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye," "Energamashinostroyeniye,"
1980 . ~
9512
CSO: 1822
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ENE~tGY CONSERVATION
uDC 622,32~.5:620.9.004.18
WAYS TO IMPROVE STANDARDIZA'~ON, SAVING OF ENERGY IN GAS INDUSTRY
' Moscow GAZOVAYA PROMYSHLENNOST': II{ONOMTKA GAZOVOY PROMYSHT.~NNNOSTI in
Russian~ No 3~ 1980 pp 15-19
[Article by V. N. R:'~`bearing territory, which corresponds tectonically to the southwest side
;'i;;.,
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o~ the trough of the same na,me. The area of the region is bounded by
deep fractures: by a continua.tion of the Kurinskiy to the southwest,
by the Gyandzhecha.y-Ala.zanskiy to the southeast, and by the western
continua,tion of the Udabno-Geokchayskiy to the northeast, The north-
western bound.ary is arbitrarily drawn along the Ka,zakh-Signakhskiy
transverse fracture. The size of the sedimentary mantle vaxies from
_ 5 to 11 kilometers. About 40 uplifts have been es~ablished here~ grouped
in six anticlinal zones. The fol,ds are asymmetric, broken, ar~d. they
have overthrusts and inversions in the south. Deposits of oil and gas _
ha,ve not been discovered ir. the region. The prospects are linked with
the Sarma,tskiy, Maykop, Eocene and Mesozoic deposits ~ 2, 5, 6].
The Nakhichevanskiy possible ~oil and gas beaxing region is loca.ted in
the Araksinskiy zone and occupies the Nakhichevanskiy imposed trough,
ma,de up of Miocene molassa layers. The prospects are linked with the
Miocene deposits.
It is evident from wha,t has been presented above tha,t deep fractures have
been taken as the boundaries of the isolated subvividions during tectonic
and petroleum geological zoning of the territoxy of the depression zones
of Azerbaijan. This is not by cha,nce~ because along them there were
shifts of split blocks of the pre-alpine foundation.
The fra,ctures played a domina,nt role in the formation of the troughs, they
contributed to the emergence of different structural-facial zones and to
the appearance of their own geotectonic regimes of development
peculiar to each of the isola,ted sections of the basin,they controlled ~
the placement of deposits of oiI and gas, an~d so on [ 1, 6, 7, 9-~12] .
We would 13ke to note in conclusion tha,t the diagrams of teetonic and
petroleum geological zoning pres~nted in the article ].ay no cla,im to
_ fl.ill solution of these questions. Their ~.irther refinement and cha,nge
on the ba,sis of new materials and. generalizations is completel,y probable.
But, at the same time the zonin~ that ha,s been done now will help sub-
sta,ntial~}r to eva,lua,te ob jectively the prospects of oil and gas being
present in individua,l territories, to select the scientifica.lly valid
directions of exploring for oil, an~. to increase the effectiveness of
this work.
FOOTNOTES
l. The Gobustano-Apsheron and Nizhnekurinskiy oil and gas bearing
territories occupy troughs of the same name in the range of the NGSB
[ not ~ther identified] and are independent tectonic elements of
the Southern Caspian NGMB on dry la,nd. Isola,tion of these troughs
along the surface of the pre-Jurassic crystal foundation has not been -
estsblished. The same thing is observed in the Northern Apsheron trough.
~k
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2. Considezing tha.t the southwestern border of the interbasin uplift
in the I~ingechaur-Saatly-Talysh zone still ha,s not been specified,
an arbitrary border between the Nizhnekurinskiy, Yavla,kh-Agdzha.-
bedinskiy and Iori-Adzhinourskiy oil and gas beaxing territ.ories
is drawn along the axial lines of these interbasin upiifts
(see ~igures 1, 2, 3).
LIST OF ~ENC~
1. Brod, I.O., Yeremenko, N.A.~ "Osnovy geologli nefti i gaza" [ Foundations
of the Geolo~r of Oil at~id Gas], Moscow, Gostoptekhizdat, 1957�
2. Vassoyevich, N.B., "Problembr tektoniki Vostochnoy Gruzii" [ Problems
of the Tectonics of Eastern Georgia], Ba.ku, Aznefteizdat, 1936.
3. Gadzhiyev, R.M., "Glubinnoye stroyeniye Azerba,ydzhana" [ Deep 5tructure
of Azerbaijan], Baku~ Azerneshr, 1965.
4. Guseynov~ A.N., Shirinov, F.A.~ "Oil and Gas Beaxing Basins of
Azerbaijan," AZERB. NEFT. KI~Z-V0, 1977, No a PP 7-12�
5. Ma,medov, A.V., "Geologicheskoye stroyeniye Srednekurinskoy vpadir~y"
[ Geologica,l Structure of the Srednekurinskiy Depression], Baku, Elm, -
1973� ~
6. Mamedov, A.V. "Istoriya geologicheskogo ra,zvitiS�. i paleogeogra,fiya
Srednekurinskoy vpadir~y v svyazi s neftegazonosnost'yu" [ History of
the Geologica,l Development and Paleogeograp~y of the Srednekurinsk3.y
Depression in Connection With Oil and Gas Content], Baku~ Elm~ 1977.
7� " I~ftega,zonosn,yye basseyny Zemnogo sha,ra" [Oil and Gas Ba,sins of the
World.], by I.O. Bral~ V.G. Vasil'yev, I.V. Vysotskiy and others,
Moscow, Nedra,, 1965.
8. "Neftegazonosnyye provintsii SSSR" [Oil and Gas Provinces of the USSR]~
by G.Kh. Dikensh~eyn~ I.M. Aliyev, G.A. Arzhevskiy and others, Moscow,
xeara ~ 19??.
- 9. Khain, V.Ye., Sha,rdanov~ A.N., "Geologicheska,ya istoriya i stroyeniye
Kurinskoy vpa,diriy" [Geologica,l History and Structure of the Kurinskiy -
Depression] , Ba,ku, Acade~q}r of Sciences of the Azerba,i jan SSR ~ 1952.
10. Khain~ V.Ye., "Geotektonicheskiye osnovy poiskov nefti",[Geotectonic
Principles of Oil Fxplorations], Baku, Azernefteizdat, 19~. -
~+5
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11. Khain, V.Ye.~ Grigor'yanis, B.V., Isayev, B.M., "~testern Caspian
F~a,eture and Certain Regularities o~ Appeaxance of ~ra,nsperse ~ra,ctures
in Geosynclinal k'olde~ Ar~~s," BYULI,. MOSK. 0-VA ISPYTATELEY PRIRODY.
OTD-NZYE GDOIAGII, Vol XLI, No 2, 1966, pp 5-24.
12. Shikha,libeyli, E.Sh., "Geologicheskoye stroyeniye i istoriya
tektonicheskogo razvitiya vostochnoy cha,sti Ma,logo Ka,vka,za" [Geological
Structure and History of the Tectonic Development of the Ea,stern Part
of the Lesser Caucasus], Vol. III (Hostory of Tectonic Development),
Baku, Acade~qyr of Sciences of the Azerbai jan SSR, 1967.
submitted 26 March 1979
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nedra,", "Geologiya nefti i gaza", 1980.
10908
CSOe 1822
. ~ END
,
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