JPRS ID: 9091 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200080028-1
• Release Decision: RIP
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 30
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 28
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9091
15 May 1980
= Latin Ar~nerica Re ort
p
CFOUO 11/80)
. ,
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORfVIATION SERVICE -
FOR OFFIC(AL USE ONLY
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JPRS L/9091
15 May 1. 9 8 0
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
(FOUO 11/8 0 )
CONTENTS _
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Briefs
Police Attack Demonatrators 1
EL SALVADOR
Duarte Scorea Marxista, Fasciste -
~Napoleon Duarte Interview; PREI,A, 28 Apr 80) 2
HONDURAS
'PRENSA LATINA' Interview With PASO's Carias
(Virgilio Carias Interview; PRELA, 28 Apr 80) 6
- MARTINIQUE
Issues of Cuban Preaence, Autonomy Confront Martinique � -
(Various sources, various dates~ 7
Survey of Current Probleme, by Kathleen Evin
_ Cesaire on Pro-Independence Sentiment,
_ Aime Cesaire Interview -
Dijoud on Pro-French Alignment,
Paul Dijoud Interview
Martinique Con~uuniat Party Viewe,
by Firmin Reneville
PANAMA
' U.3. Military Maneuvers in Caribbean Condemned
(PRELA, 29 Apr, 1 May 80) 21
PDP Protest
CNTP Lead~r Warning
' a ' [IIZ - LA - 144 FOUO]
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~ CONTENTS (Continued)
Bri~fs
U.S. Maneuvers Criticized 23
_ VENEZUELA
MIR Says U.S. Trying To Reactivate Cold War in~Caribbean
(YRELA, 29 Apr SO) 24
Solidarity Committee Urgea Release of BPR Repreeentative
(PxE~?, 3 r~y ao) Zs .
- b -
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
BRIEFS
POLICE ATTACK DEMONSTRATORS--Santo Domingo, 3 May (PL)--A ddzen person~
beaten and imprisoned and two students seriously in3ured was the preiiminary
toll of police attacks against demonstrations he].d on *_he occasion of the
15th anniversary of the U.S. invasion of the Dominican Republic. T~wo
youtha were in~ured when taking part in a demonstration in the downtown zone
" of the capital, while in San Cristobal, 30 km from the capital, police
agenta arrested and beat up two communist militants. In La Romana in the
southeast of the country, six members of the communist party were also de-
tained and accused of putting up placards referring to those who fell dur-
ing the U.S. invasion of the island. On 28 Apri1 19%6, the United States
began a military intervention of the Dominican Republic with the support of
the 0.4~S and the so-called inter-American peace force, made up of Brazil,
Costa Rica and Colombia. [Text] [PA021908 Havana PRELA in English 1715 GMT
2 May A01
CSO: 3020
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cvx Vrrlt,uu, uan V1VLY
- HONDURAS
'PRENSA LATINA' INTERVIEW WITfi PASO'S rARIAs
PA301411 Havana PRELA in Spanish 2326 GMT 2fi Apr 80
[Inte~view with Virgilio Carias, secretary general of the Honduran Socialist
- Party]
[Text] San Jose, 28 Apr (PL)--The secretary general~of the Honduran
Socialist Party (PASO), Virgilio Carias, said the United States seeks
to turn Honduras into a political gendarme with a democrat3c disguise
in order to maintain ita interests in Central America.
Carias explained that the international situation, pressures from some
U.S. circles and the present conditions in Central America do not permit
the role of gendarme to be evident; therefore, it must camouflage it with
a democratic disguise.
The recent elections of 20 April to elect a national constituent assembly,
with the unexpected victory of the Liberal Party, constitute part of that
democratic disguise.
Referring to the main ob~ective of the new U.S. policy for Central America,
Carias said it is intended to maintain U.S. economic interests and those
of its transnational in the area, which is currently affected by the
Nicaraguan revolution and the present developments in E1 Salvador and
Guatemala.
In need of a gendarme in the region, the United States is supplying
Honduras with arms, munitions, technical assistance and capital, and
has the aupport of the Honduran armed forces and private enterprises, he
added. �
This situation, he noted, will have unpredictat~le consequences ~or the
nation because sooner or later the Honduran army would have to plunge
into a war with Nicaragua and, on this occaaion, the fight would not he
against another army, but against a people in arms.
Carias called on the Honduran armed forces to unite and prevent the
country from being turned into an isthmian police.
ThQ 20 April elections held in Honduras, which some parties considered
fraudulent, are described by some observers as a U.S. maneuver to give _
the nation a democra.tic appearance.
CSC: 3010
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MARTINIQUE
ISSUES OF CUBAN PRESENCE, AUTONOMY CONFRONT MARTINIQUE �
Survey of Current Problems
Paris LE NOWEL OBSERVATEUR�in French 14-20 Apr 80 pp 50-51
[Article by Kathleen Evin: "The Collapse of Martinique"]
[Text] The police will not be enough to help Paul Dijoud .
cure the "Antiiles fever" that is inexorably eating away
at the French Caribbean islands.
"Order has been reestablished in Martinique.... The street fighting is ovsr."
A Belfast in the tropics? That is probably what Paul Dijoud wanted people to -
believe. He is the latest in a series of transitory state secretaries for
Overseas Departments and Territories, and made this military statement in
th~ issue of last 20 March in Robert Hersant's LE FIGARO. The next day, his
remarks were broadly and obligingly repeated on the front page of Martinic{ue.'s
only local daily paper, FRANCE-ANTILLES, also owned by Robert Hersant. The
people of Martinique didn't know whether to laugh or scowl. The truth is
that nothing unusua: had happened on the flowery island for several months.
Nothing at all. Yet two weeks earlier, 220 mobile policemen with shaved
heads and muscles bulging in shirtsleeves had been hastily disembarked from
a regular Air France flight requisitioned for the occasion. Brute force!
Now the office of the state secretary for Overseas Departments and Territories
is drawing up the "balance sheet" of the operation with obvious satisfaction:
"We didn't even have t~ 'turn the the police loose.' It was enough to have
them go otxt on patrol two or three times in Fort-de-France'for everything to
calm down:" Everything? What everything? No one killed, of course, not
even wounded; a f~w union demonstrations, the town blockaded for three hours
one morning by angry taxi drivers (as was happening in Paris at the same time)
and a manage~ was locked in his office for a day and a night, which was unheard
of in a department traditionally respectful of authority. It was a non-violent
ir?cident but.quite a scandal for the Martinique management elite.
But what about the street fighting? Oh, yes, it is true that people can recall
a"barricade" going up in front of the police station on Oudinot St. on 20 Oc-
tober 1979. Of course, it was only made out of banana boxes. They were empty,
and for good reason: there wasn't a single banana left on the island after ~
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hurricane David. That was last 20 October, 4 1/2 months before the 220 mobile
policemen were sent in.
The most "informed" people i~mnediately found t;~e real reason for this deploy-
ment of forces: it is actually supposed to have been an attempt to intimidate
the "Cubans," which the Hersant press has been denouncing for,two months, as
has the RPR [Rally for the Republ~ic] local, for "infiltration" and other
"subversive activities." Paul Dijoud showed surprise but then finally repeated
these accusations of his own accord, though not overenthusiastically, withoui
being able to supply the slightest proof. 1n Martinique, talk of the "beardc~d
ones" makes people laugh, especially since a journalist (agsin from the Iiers:~nt
press, need we say) hardly off the plane from Paris wrote a series or articles
describing in detail the "Castroite invasion." Too much rum and sun? The
discussion was cut short a few days ago when~the virulent I~iartinique RPR "shock
leader" and mayor of Marigot, Michel Renard, admitted at a press conference
that he had "no material facts" provYng there were Cubans c~n the island.
"You may be sure that if I had a single such fact, I would have already used
it," he concluded. With friends liice him, who needs enemies?
No street f~ghting or Cubans. Actually, riartinique has still not recovered
from hurricane David, which devastated the island last 29 August and worsened
the endemic economic and social problems that afflict Martinique as they do _
other French overseas possessions. These problems are widely written up and
violently denounced every year in National Assembly budget reports, which are,
however, given to people elected by the majority. Here is a passage chosen
at randam from the 1979-80 fiscal year report: "Unemployment remaining at `
more than 20 percent in departments where young people comprise more than 60
percent of the population is creating an explosive situation.... A special
effort to encourage productive investment must be undertaken if the economy
is not to succumb to a system;bf income assistance unacceptable to all....
Agricultural jobs continue to decline (20.6 percent in 1978), the increase
in secondary sector jobs is extremely slow (20.5 percent), ~ind the tertiary
sector is becoming saturated (58.9 percent)."
Decline and Bluster
Add to that social benefits and a minimum wage lower than in France, an increa-
sing population outflow (down 7,000 in 1978), an increasing decline in the birth
- rate, and a 21 percent negative balance of trade in 1978, and you will have
a succinct but not exhaustive idea of the~roblems. "Difficult, true, but
exciting," according to the astonishing words of a young lion flf Oudinot St.
and former Martinique subprefect. The Antilleans must face these problems
30 years after a departmentalization that was supposed "to liquidate once
and for all the vestiges of colonialism."
Yet the banana plantations and truck gardens had to be devastated by the hurri-
cane, and almost all the agricultural workers and employees in related indus-
tries (transportation, packaging, retailers, etc.) had to be thrown out of
work f~r the government finally to decide to provide unemployment benefits to
the overseas "departments." In a monoculture economy, if agriculture sneezes _
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all the otl~er sectors catch a cold, After the hurricane, the prices of food
and consumer goods rose 100 percent in some cases, Worz�y and discontent followed
such increases.
tiYith timing that was debatahle at the very least, Paul Dijoud chose just that ~
moment to announce that he was planning to adjust d~ownward the living-cost
bonus (now equal to 40 percent of salary) that overseas employees enjoy,
Of co~:rse it was a necessary measure, but this privilege has been in effeci .
since the Third Republic, and his announcement could have been put off till
- a better time. It was a fatal mistake. In a few days in October Paul Dijoud
found himself f~:ced not only with his usual opponents, unions, and opposition
: parties but also those who had always supported the regime: public workers, the =
Antillean bourgeoisie, "bekes" (creole whites) stunned by the announcement of
~ forthcoming fiscal reform, and office holders in the majority, For ~veryone,
huxricane David re~realed as much as it destroyed. p_
From bluster to hasty retreat (the reduction of the employees' bonus and tax
- reform were put off indefinitely) the only thing left was a show of force to
close the discussion. But, curiously, very few Martinicans, even majority-
- party voters, apprecfated this sudden deployment ot police. With exacerbated
pride an3 sensitivity, Antilleans are always apprehensive of finding remnants
~ of the old colonialist and racist scorn in authoritarian power plays in France.
While the French Antilles had been oriented exclusively toward the mother
~ country since the Colonial Pact, they have been finding in the last few months
that they are surrounded not only by water but also by neighboring islands,
which, large and small, have almost all now acceded to independence. It is -
a strange situation for the i~artinicans and Guadeloupeans, who are uncertain
about the attitude they shauld take towards the young republics of Dominica,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent, or Grenada (all former possessions of the British
crown), whether they should have a strong superiority complex due to their
' superior standard of living and socio-cultural development or whether they
� should feel humiliated to still be "colonials" while their beggarly neighbors -
are finally "free men." "
The little rococo courthouse of Fort-de-France sits white and gr.een in a garden
of century-old mango and frondy palm trees. It is living out its last days in
the overwhelming shadow of the "administrative complex," a crass pile of con-
crete mounted on pillars and soon to be dedicated. "Not only is it awful,"
exclaimed an elderly Foyalan lady indignantly (Fort-de-France used to be
called Fort-Royal, whence the name of its inhabitants: "Foyalais"), "but
_ a French company got the contract." If what she says is true, it is another
stone thrown into the yard of the PPM (Martinique Progressive Party), which
has traditionally inveighed against~ the ~'French bekes," who are the "illegal"
holders of jobs rightfully belonging to Martinicans.
Fear of Sacrifice
Amused by the tumult and shouting unleashed by the recent interview in PARIS-
MATCH, Aime Cesaire, deputy mayor of Fort~de-France, sharpened his words ~
pointedly: "I believe in historica). evolution. tiVhen I say Martinique will be
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independent sooner or later, it is not wishful thinking, it is obviotis.
Our politi.cal demand , on the other hand, is autonomy as a stage~-more or
less long, I don't know--towards this inescapable destiny, But to grant
independence right now to this country debilitated by 30 years of depart-
mentalization would be catastrophic. Actually, independence was a more _
realistic objective 30 years ago." Speaking as a poet more than as a poli-
tician, Aime Cesaire talks p�ssionately about "the Martinican, a welfare _
client who ha~ sold his soul for a mess of pottage," who must be given back
"his dignity by taking away his fear c~f necessary sacrifice" that he must
consent to in order to recover his indentity. Returning to the Marxist ~
language of. his youth, he says, "Martinique has the superstructure of an
- overdeveloped country and the infrastructure of an underdeveloped country." -
This artificiality cannot last forever.
While no honest spokesman really disputes the PPM founder's diag.nosis,
"autonomists" and "departmentalists" do split over the remedies to be
applied to the "Antillean illness." "Even more departmentalization," say
some who are not yet tired of hearing each new prefect, minister, and presi-
dential candidate since 1947 announce the early "disappearance of the last
_ vestiges of colonialism." "Let's take our desiny into our own hands," say _
others, who are tired of being refused the least bit of autonomy by deciders
who decide everything at a distance of 8,000 km. They have come to think of
independence as the only way out. Rather than taking a middle course, the
French government forces the Antilleans to make a Manichaean choice between
~11 or nothing. Nothing, as we know, is today. "Everything" has so far been
the weak point of the "separatist" argument: how to keep an independent Mar-
tinic{ue alive without selling once again its "mess of pottage" for a bundle
of dollars or rubles? Neither the PCM [Martinique Communist Party] nor the
PPM had yet provided an answer to this fundamental question.
Two events have helped clarify the debate. First, the independence of neigh-
boring islands in recent years has proved that they may not be Peru, but they
were not necessarily Cuba or Chili, either. On Grenada and especially St.
Lucia, the new leaders have been careful to maintain their progressive image
and have adroitly applied aid and foreign capital without striking their colors _
to either of these avid contributors.
The PPM had confined itself for some time to nationalism ("racism," its oppo-
nents say) and was joined after the March 1978 election Uy a group of intel-
lectualsy younger than most of its leaders had been, more open to the problems
of socialism in general, and better informed about economic realities. Men
of the Martinique Socialist Party [PSM], which had come out of the moribund'
Socialist ~arty [PS], quickly made themselves indispensable. They took over
the PPM weekly, LE PROGRESSISTE, with Cesaire's approval and continuing support,
and they are presently refining the texts that are to be adopted at the r~ext '
party congress, in June: plans for society and an economic program. The
leader of these "young Turks," Dr Claude Lise, former PS federal secretary,
recently won election easily as general councilor in the 4th canton of Fort-
de-France. This attractive, intelligent-looking theoretician already appears
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to be Aime Cesaire~s official heir appaxent, People are saying that Cesaire
_ may not run for reelection, At the age of 67, a�ter 34 years in public life,
Cesaire rightly thinks he r.as earned the right to devote himself t~ literature.
The Minister and the Halftxacks
A recent illustration of the new PPrd audience is the debate that has started
over Antillean emigration and French immigration, which Aime Cesaire has
called "genocide by substitution." "Martinique is being emptied of its
vitality, its young people, who are being sent to take menial jobs in France,
and French people are being imported en masse to take jobs that are said not _
to exist when Martinicans ask for them." Majority party representatives
immediately clamored, "racism, racism," and were supported by their minister.
"We ought not to have any complexes," retorted Roland Suvelor, editor in chief
of LE PROGRESSISTE. "It's not racism. We have merely calculated from official
statistics on immigration and the birth rate that there will be only 225,000
people in Martinique 20 years from now, an~ at least half of them will have
come from France." Today the island has about 350,000 people, about 5,000
of whom are "bekes" and about 10,000 "metros" [FrenchJ.
This is a simple argument that has upset not a few people and obliged the
spokesmen of the UDF [French Democratic UnionJ and the RPR to "leften" their
positions. We have even seen the strange spectacle of a departmental secre-
tary of Jacques Chirac's party and a virulent opponent of Aime Cesaire publicly
denounce the "bosses who behave like veritable colonialists," call for "sharinQ
o� local production," and "war on import-export big shots." The "Antillean
disease" seems to be gaining ground, and neither the time-worn, vague promises
of a transitory minister nor the halftracks of the police seem to be u~ to
holding it back. Nor does the threat made last month by Paul Dijoud seem
effective: resorting, in case of need, to nuclear force!
COPYRIGHT: 1980 "Le Nouvel Observateur"
Cesaire on Pro-Independence 5entiment -
Paris PARIS MATCH in French 28 Mar 80 pp 36-37
[Interview of Aime Cesaire by Laurence Masurel: "Aime Cesaire: Martinique
Will Soon Be Independent"; date and place of interview not given]
- jText] While Paris sends 300 mobile policemen and
' reinforcements. But to avoid too sudden a shock,
he foresees an intermediate stage: autonomy.
"Out with the French." "Out with the French army.'~ "Out with Dijoud." For
_ two weeks now the walls of Fort-de-France have been studded with graffiti
that the police try to erase at night. While a happy calm reigns in the
streets, you can still feel that things aren't right in Martinique any more.
There are looks and words that are unmistakable. People say the slightest
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incident could touch off the powder keg on this paradise island invaded by
thousands of "metro" tourists every~week in search o� sun and tropical folk~ -
lore.
Since the declarations of Paul Dijoua, state secretary for the DOM/TOM [Over-
seas Departments and Territories], who annaunced, after a series of social _
disturbances, that "order would be maintained on Martinique as in any French
department" and that, "if necessary, Fra~ce was ready to use atomic weapons
to defend the French in the Antilles" threatened by Cuba, Martinicans are
a.ngry. g'h~ recent arrival of two squads of mobile policemen sent as reinforce-
ments f.rom France has only poisened things. The wildest rumors circulate every =
day, This one, for example: several black women were said to have been raped . �
by white military men.
_ Aime Cesaire sits in his tiny, pistachio-green office on the second floor of
the courthouse, Place de la Savane, where the tricolor was burned in December -
1974 and Giscard was blockaded by a hostile crowd. He is a former professor
- of literature, writer, poet of Negritude, 67 years old, and has been deputy
mayor of the city for 35 years. He is one of the best-liked officials on the
island, even though he is now being opposed in his own party (the Martinique
Prvgressive Party) and by certain extremists. Like all his compatriots, he
is anxious about the future of tfie department: "The minister's statements are
provocations. We are terrified at the idea that a public official can think
that the solution to the Martinican problem can be found in the use of the
atomic bomb--it gives us too much credit--and that it can be found in sending
300 mobile policemen to the Antilles. That's crazy. True," he explains,
"there have been strikes, but this is a republic. The right to strike exists
in all French departments, and our strikes are infinitely less harsh than
those I have seen in France. We are choir boys next to striking Frenchmen."
[Question] But Mr mayor, it'$ not just the strikes. If what Paul Dijoud says
is to be believed, Cubans are also agitating and stirring up nationalism among
Martinicans. ~
[Answer] Madame, have you met any Cuban.s on Martinique since you got here?
I have never seen any, no more than I~ve seen Martians or UFO~s. I get the
impression that Paris is looking for a pretext and an alibi. There is no kind
of Cuban influence here. I am also convinced that Fidel Castro has other fish
to iry than Martinique, like Ethiopia, Angola, and even Somalia.
- [Question] But just the same, at the conference of non-aligned countries in
Havana in 1979,~ a chapter was devoted to the French Antilles, which was sup-
posed to "get rid of French colonialism," and that leads people to think that _
Castro would be ready to help you.
[Answer] How could any French government think that the question of the French
Antilles would never be brought up? It seems obvious to me that they would
inevitably get around to it. But I don't think that Castro has decided to
pay attention to the Caribbean; his attention is turned much more to South
America. The only Cubans we have seen came to participate in the annual
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Fort-de-France festival. They were only one gxoup among othex Caribbetr~
groups invited.
[Question] Yet it is said that the left wing of your party, the PPM, has
excellent relations with the Cubans and that other grouplets are being -
financed directly by Cuba.
_ [AnswerJ Look, people will say anything! Tfiere is an incredible difference
between what people say in France and what is actually happening here. It~s
as though Martinique were a two-month boat trip from France,
- [Question] Still, people say some members of your party are pro-Cuban.
[Answer] Why shouldn~t there be some? We are a democratic, anti-Stalinist,
humanist, socialist, self-management opposition party. We respect all points
of view.
[Question] Paris is afraid of a nationalist awakening on Martinique, What
do you think?
[Answer] The issue is departmentalization. As it has been construed in
France and applied to Martinique, it is a failure. I am very disappointed.
We will just have to chalk it up as an unfortunate experience. _
[Question] Yet you voted for it in 1946.
~
[Answer] Yes, because I believed in it, but I was wrong. Departmentalization
has failed for three main reasons. First, it has caused cultural alienation
on Martinique. Our children no longer learn about "our ancestors, the Gauls,"
in school, but the tendency is still there. We are not Frenchmen in blackface
mak~~p, we are black Antilleans and proud of it, though we are culturally
French. Second, departmentalization has struck a mortal blow against our
industrialization and agriculture. Our sugar factories have closed one after
the other. With the Common Market, our island has been invaded by European
products. Our interests have not been protected. Third, our young people
and unemployed have left en masse to look for work in France, and those who
have stayed behind can't find work. Departmentalization has put the country
on welfare.~ It has killed production on Martinique, and it is killing the
soul of Martinique by debasing it. -
jQuestion] But then, what should be done to combat the present malaise? `
jAnswer] The malaise can only increase, and Dijoud's awkward statements
won't help matters any. I am really frightened by the political blindness
of the men who claim to be statesmen. They must abandon their myths and get
back to reality. We are an underdevel.oped tropical country of colored people.
We must treat the problem by the appr:,priate means and take the country as it
is. When people tell you that Martinique is the show window of France, that
Martinique is France, and that it is also ~'tropical Europe,~'what ~Cind of solu-
tion do you get when the issue is stated that way?
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(Ques~tion] I repeat my question; what should be done?
[An~wer] The system of departmentalization fias actually been a colonialist, -
pate~nalist system. It Tias treated people like children. Look at what
happened after last summer's fiurricane. (If there hadn't been one, it would
have had to be invented!) The helicopters came to bring help. And what did
- the French supervisors say? "You see, you people under your coconut trees?
It's a good thing France is there, good old mother France! Without her, no
help, no salvation! And behold perfidious Albion, who has abandoned the poor
Dominicans to shift for themselves after the devastatious tempest. We of
France bring you succor. We send you our helicopters. We proclaim national
solidarity." It's as though they were running for election. France quickly
increases family allocations and institutes special bonuses for young mothers
with children. The result is that France has set up a system of social para-
sitism at the cost of Martinicans' dignity. The young generation of Martinique
has become embittered, revolted or resigned.
[Question] Well, autonomy or independence?
[Answer] It's a false problem: sooner or later, Martinique will be independent.
Montesquieu foresaw that. Colonies are like fruit: when they're ripe, they
fall. I'm sure the Antilles will soon be independent. Look at the map:
Dominca, St. Lucia, Grenada, and others are independent. Any little old island
is independent these days. Martinique will be independent whether Dijoud likes
it or not.
[Question] Quickly?
[Answer] I don't read tea leaves. It's almost a dead issue as far as I'm
concerned. What interests me is what happens afterwards, because that's when
the real problems begin. We have to get ready, My friends the Martinicans
will have to be told, "Very well, you'll be independent, but look out! You're
going to have to roll up your sleeves and work. You can't tell me, 'I'm not
working because the sun's too hot,' or 'I'm not going out because it's raining
today."' We have to do an immense job by ourselves. We must not believe that
there will be a"providence" candidate who will bring us food, clothing, -
leisure, and what else.
[QuestionJ You're not afraid of the difficulty?
[Answer] After 20 years of departmentalism, we are in a situation where it
will be hard. For that reason we will have to get autonomy in a fir.st phase.
That phase will be necessary for a while because it would be a catastrophe to
hurry the country along toward independence in the state it is in. It would
be too big a shock.
[Question] What does autonomy mean to you?
[AnswerJ That is a very French question. The French are drunk on Jacobinism. _
They forget that Italy has regions, Germany has Laender, and the United States
lI~
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has states, Autonomy means taking oneself ~n hand~ allocating the budget,
and no longer having to ask Rue Grenelle in Paxis �or authorization to build
a school on the south end of the island, But we are a small country and -
cannot maintain an army or an ambassador, so we can rely on France, a bigger
country, for that,
[Question] W.ill this period of autonomy last a long time?
_ [Answer] It's hard to tell. If Martinicans like it, it could last a long
time, maybe forever.
[Question] Won't you be overrun? Won't Cubans, fronting �or the Soviets,
try to meddle in your affairs?
[Answer] What's k~eping the Soviets now �rom being in Paris within 24 hours?
Do you really think France could protect us from the Soviets? This isn't the
age of Napoleon any more. The danger is everywhere. We have to take risks,
be intelligent, and follow the course of history.
[Question] Do you really think autonomy or even independence can bring pros-
perity to Martinique?
[Answer] Everything depends on the ability of the people in p~wer. Why
should Martinique become poor, like Haiti? When Senegal became independent,
they told Senghor, "O.K., you're going to eat your own peanuts now!" Well,
I have not seen Senegal decline in comparison to the Senegal I knew when
the French were there, nor have I seen any decline in the Ivory Coast. So
why always expect the worst to happen?
jQuestion] If nothing is done to move towards autonomy, will there be violent
confrontation on Martinique?
[Answer] The present system is the one that is generating yiolence. The
slightest incident could unleash anything because the situation is unhealthy.
That's why I say we must not go on li~Ce that.. It is high time for France to
revise its policy, a lazy, too authoritarian or too demagogic policy that may
cause trouble.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 par Cogedipresse S.A,
Dijoud on Pro-French Alignment
Paris PARIS MATCH in French 18 Apr 80 pp 68-69
[Interview with French Secretary of State for Overseas Departments and Terri- ~
tories Paul Dijoud: "The Antilles Will Remain French" by Laurence Masurel;
date and place of interview not given]
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[Text] In the past few months, the Antilles have heen the most talked-about
~rench elepartments. This is due partly to the book "The Dancers of France,"
by our editor in chief Philippe de Baleine, who judges harshly the policy
that has been followed toward these islands in tfie last 35 years, It is
also due to thc remarks made in the interview with Aime Cesaire tTiat appeared
in No 1GU9 concerning the "future independence" of the islan~l. These were ~
- sacrilegious rem;irks for many of his fellow citizens. 'fhey were scandalous
for Paul Dijoud, state secretary for DOM/TOM [Overseas Departments and Terri-
- tories], who felt. the interview could not go unanswered. Paul Dijou~ made
the following reply to our correspondent Laurence Masurel, who also inter- _
viewed the mayor of Fort-de-France,
jQuestion] After the statements you made and your sending two squads of
mobile policemen to D9artinique, are you aware that you are a target for
all the political parties on the island?
[Answer] I am not greatly concerned about my personal popularity. What is
important for me is the final result of the actions I take. You know that
in my political life some~things count more than others. I have three ambi-
tions above all else: to serve the president of the Republic, to whom I have
been politically committed since the age of 14; to serve my country where I
am and with all the sacrifices that implies without expecting anything in ,
return; to serve the people I am in charge of, especially the Martinicans
at present. They cannot always understand what I want to do with them, for
them, a:~d for their future. I always tell them the truth, even when it is
unpleasant to hear. The truth may sometimes be a little rough, but the truth
is always useful.
[Question] And what is the truth for Martinique? Isn't it too late for that?
Isn't separation inescapable?
[Answer] I'm sure it isn't. There are difficulties everywhere overseas, it's
true. But people pretend not to see how far we have come. Did you know that
. the product per inhabitant of Martinique doubled between 1975 and 1978 and is
continuing to grow at an increasing rate?
, [Question] Your opponents say they would accept being less well off if they
could be independent.
[AnswerJ It's not a matter of being less well off but of accepting economic
and social collapse. It has been estimated that breaking the links between
Martinique and France would reduce the people~s living standards to 1/5 their
presenti level. Only an especially harsh dictatorship could force the popula-
tion to endure an independence of bankruptcy and poverty. More than anything
else, we defend fr.eedam_~n oux,overseas.depaxtments, the right to live in a
free society.
One Can Be Both French And Martinican
[Question] But then why are you opposed to autonomy, which would not break
relations?
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[/rnswer] Autonomy has enabled overseas terri.toxi.es, particulaxly i.n Polynesia,
tu find stability. It makes j,t possible ~ox local elected of~ici.als to manage
their own affairs. That heing the case, T note that by different ways but
inescapai~iy t}iey conduct among them5elves a French-style society by extendin~;
to their people the rights and duties tfiat we also give to our fellow citizens
in the departments of France, Autonomy is not at issue; it is, rather, the
recognition of difference and respect for specificity, I said this not long
ago in Fort-de-France: we must understand the expectation of Antilleans who
wish to be unreservedly French and wfio do not always understand why it is
taking sa long to build a truly French civilization and society in their
country (that is what departmentalization is). But it must also be under-
stood, and the logical conclusions must be drawn, that Antilleans, especially
the youngest, feel they have other roots, and we must help them find them.
In a word, it is absurd to let our opponents alone meet the needs of culture
- and this aspiration to identity. We have to prove that you can perfectly well
be both French and Polynesian, French and Martinican.
- [Question] If you don't believe in independence for Martinique, why these
mobile policemen? Why the open conflict with the Independentists? _
[Answer] Everything came together at once: very real economic difficulties,
reforms that were not always well understood, although necessary, and espe-
cially a great breakdown of law and order, with factories being occupied,
wildcat str.ikes, restrictions on the rifiht to work, and even the destruction
of equipment. Elected officials often came to talk to me about it, call for ~
firmness, tell of economic officials~ discouragement, the people~s confusion
and desire for calm and their hostility toward agitation and blockades, which -
had become too frequent in the streets of Fort-de-France on the part of irres-
ponsible and extremist groups. That being the case, it shouldn't be blown
out of proportion. The problem was only in Fort-de-France. Everywhere else,
Martinique is calm and does not have these tensions.
[Question] Why Fort-de-France?
[Answer] Because in Fort-de-France, which is an independentist community,
the number of poor people has been allowed to grow. They live in slums and -
shantytowns, with their attendant anger and frustration that are systematically~
exploited to oppose France and the government. T'hey are abandoned to their
fate deliberately for fear they might realize what France can do for them.
The city must be renovated, and the shantytowns eliminated, with public housing
constructed in their place. But the city does not do it and does not want it.
[Question] And if it did?
jAnswer] I have always been ready to receive the elected officials of Fort-
de-France and study with them a real plan for renovating the city and in that
way meeting the real expectations of Martinicans. Instead of talking about
independence or autonomy, Messrs Cesaire, Regis or d'Arsieres would do better
to come and work with the government to solve real problems, But they never -
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have come,
Social Dialogue Must Be Renewed
- [Question] Let~s get back to your taking over,
[AnswerJ I realized it was necessary. Weren't some people saying that France -
was letting the fruit rot so as to get rid of it c{uicker?
It had to be proved to the majority that France would not leave. I said it
- firmly. It had to be said that we would defend the freedom of Martinique
_ against all foreign or subversive threats, I did so. The prefect had to be
given the means he needed to opp~se repeated attacks on public order, That
is why the government provided him, in an obvious ar~d even ostentatious manner,
with two flying squads of police. Of course they will not stay in Martinique
indefinitely, but they will be there as long as normal social dialogue has not _
been renewed precisely to avoid infiltration and provocation. That being the
case, social dialogue should start u~ again.
The Real Problems: Jobs, Incomes, Lodging ~
[Question] Social dialogue? �
- [Answer] Yes. Order for order~s sake is not our objective. At the same time
as I was guaranteeing Martinicans their everyday safety, I undertook to rees-
tablish contact with representative union organizations, who I know now want, .
as I do, real concerted action to be taken on the real problems: employment, ;
incomes, the situation of public workers, public housing, etc. ~
I am ready for this concerted action, because Martinique has real possibilities
for making progress and development, and we should get it back on the track
very quickly. .
[Question] Do you really think the overseas departments and territories can
be developed?
[Answer] I am sure of it. Besides the results already achieved, as I was
saying, put them far ahead in their region, whether it be Reunion island,
Polynesia or the Antilles. But there is still a lot to be done. Our model
of development is well known: transfer payments, public investment, and national
and local government expenditures increase local demand, which is added to the
revenues resulting from agriculture and tourism and which of itself stimulates ~ _
and flow of imports, which creates jobs in the tertiary sector. Finally,
through the protection of sea rights, which are actually protective tariffs
overseen by the General Councils, many imports are gradually replaced by
local industrial production. This model is now provia~g effective.
[Question] Do you think local leadership groups will accept having their
privileged place disappear?
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jAnswer] The dif�iculties should not he oyerstated~ ~mpoxters become
industrialists, as, fox exa~qple, on Martinique and Reun~on~ In New Caledonia,
the basic reform was deplored loudly at �irst hut zs now accepted by everyone.
It is the recognized priority or the territory, It will enable Melanesians
to get ahead. A united and reconciled society will be built in that terri-
tory, though it did not seem so obvious a few months ago. ~
[Question] Do the overseas departments and territories have a long-term
interest for~France?
[Answer] Certainly, The overseas territories make France the third largest
sea power, and the sea is a great hope for the 21st century, with fishing,
nodules and aquaculture. And then the overseas French will b~ increasingly
our messengers and�our.cultural, technical, and commercial ambassadors wherever _
they are. T;~at is a priceless asset for France.
[Question] Then the overseas territories will remain French, as you said,
"whether they like it or not"?
jAnswerl The overseas territories will remain French because the large majority
of French peopie who live there want to remain French and because this majority
is constantly growing, whether our enemies, detractors and all those who are
betting we will leave like it or not.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 par Cogedipresse S.A.
Martinique Communist Party Views
Paris LE MONDE in French 16 Apr 80 p 9
[Article by Firmin Reneville: "The Martinique Communist Party Advocates
'Struggle for National Liberation "'J
[Text] Fort-de-France--The 7th Martinique Communist Party congress was held
- at Lamentin, near Fort-de-France,on 12-13 April. It had been billed as an
important event in the political life of the island by the Communist Party
press for several weeks, and it was one indeed, A dozen foreign delegations
were represented, several of which came from neighboring Caribbean islands
for the first time. They were the Dominica Liberation Movement (MLD), Yulimo,
from St. Vincent island, the Progressive Party of the People of Guyana, the
_ Communist parties of Trinidad, Cuba, and Guadeloupe, Mr Philippe Herzog, a
member of the political bureau of the French Communist Party and re~resenta-
tives of the Communist parties of Romania, Lebanon, and the Soviet Union were
also present.
The head of the Cuban delegation, Mr Osvaldo Cardenas, a member of the Central
Committee of the Cuban Communist Party and head of his party's Caribbean depart-
ment, was undeniably the long-applauded star of this 7th congress. He said,
notably, "Whenever a part of the Americas is under colonial domination, we
cannot feel free. It is a principle 19 ours." Answering the accusations of
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Mr Dijoud, who had suspected Cuba o~ txy~ng to destahili.ze the French
_ Antilles, he exclaimed, "People who are afraid we might destabilize one of
their territories fiave only to grant their colonies independence,~' Or,
"Cuba is at home in the Carib6ean. The otfi ers are foreigners,"
The Soviet delegate, Mr Alexis Somonov, a member of the Review Commission
of the Central Committee of the Coriununist Party of the Soviet Union and a _
deputy of the Russian Socialist Federation soviet, assured the Martinique
Communist Party of the solidarity of the people of tfie USSR and said that
the whole Soviet press fia3 announced the 7th congress,
But the most important th'ing about the congress was its results, The Mar-
tinique Cormnunist Party is now abandoning its former byword, "Popular and
democratic autonomy within the framework of the French Republic." It will
henceforth work for an autonomous people's democratic government.
Mr Armand Nicolas, general secretary of the Martinique CoTmnunist Party,
explained, "Our former slogan caused some confusion among our members,
who saw a contradiction between the will to change marked by the word
autonomy and our willingness to belong, nevertheless, to the French Republic. -
Now we are still working for autonomy, but this autonomy fits into the per-
spective of independence for our countxy. For us, autonomy is a moment in .
our struggle for national liberation, because the peoples of the French
Antilles cannot much longer accept being colonies in the Caribbean archi-
pelago where all the coun~ries are independent. We are a revolutionary
party that listens to the masses, and o~~r byword may change at any moment
to adapt to the demands of the masses."
~lenceforth, all opposition parties in Martinique, except the Socialist Federa-
tion, have set the island's independence as their final objective, although
two of them, the Martinique Progressive Party and the b1artinique Communist
Party, consider autonomy as a stage or a"necessary moment."
8782
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PANAMA
U.S. MILITARY NIANEUVERS IN CARIBBEAN CONDEMNED
PDP Protest
PA301910 Havana PRELA in Spanish 0125 GMT 29 Apr 80 ~
[Text] Panama City, 28 Apr (PL)--The Panamanian communists have emphatically
protested the scheduled provocation implied by the landing of thousands of
marines in Gaantanamo,Cuba, in May and voiced their unshakable solidarity
with the Cuban revolution.
Miguel Porcell, executive secretary of Panama's ~ommunist Peoples Party
[PDP], t~ld this agency that the scheduled U.S. military maneuvers in the
Caribbean are an act of aggression against the peoples of the region.
Our party denounced these maneuvers because they attempt to break the
peoples apirit of atruggle for national liberation, among other things,
- Procell eaid.
These maneuvers are a direct threat to the Cuban and Nicaraguan revolution~
and a warning to the anti-imperialist struggles in E1 Salvador, Grenada,
Panama and other Caribbean countries.
The scheduled landing of marines in Guantanamo is a warmongering provocation
of the worst kind and set the world on the verge of war, the ranking commun-
ist leader stressed.
"We, the Panamanian communists, voice our unshakable solidarity with the
Cuban revolution, which we will defend at all costs without stopping to
consider sacrifices," Porcell stated.
- CNTP Leader Warning
PA011614 Havana PRELA in Spanish 0130 GMT 1 May 80
[Text] Panama City, 30 Apr (PL)--Jose Manuel Meneses, secretary general of
" the National Central of Panamanian Workers [CNTP], has stated that the
scheduled landing of U.S. Marines at Guantanamo Base next week is a flagrant
violation of Cuban territory.
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~
In statements made to this agency, Meneses voiced the Panamanian workers'
solidarity with the Cuban revolution and warned the United States that it ~
may auffer as great a defeat as the one it experienced when the mercenaries
landed in Playa Giron, Cuba, in 1961.
The landing of marines in a territory which they occupy against Cuba's will _
is the culmination of a number of provocative acts against Cuba which began
with the incidents at the Peruvian and Venezuelan embassiea in Havana, the
labor leader stated. ,
Meneses also stated that the main international slogan of the 1 May parade
will be the rejection of the U.S. aggressive maneuvers in the Caribbean,
which conatitute a trial for its interventionist ob~ectives in the region.
He likewise urged all the workers of the world to express their solidarity
- with the Cuban and Nicaraguan revolutions as well as with the national lib-
eration struggle in E1 Salvador, Grenada and other countries of the area.
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PANAMA
BRIEFS
U.S. MANEWERS CP.ITICIZID--Panama City, 29 Apr (PL)--Valeriy Jelnin [name
as received], deputy of the Supreme Soviet, has said that the U.S. milftary
maneuvers in the Caribbean are a flagrant threat to peace in the region
and the world. Jelnin, who heads a delegation of the Soviet Peace
Committee which is visiting Panama at the invitation of the National
- Committee for the Defense of Sovereignty and Peace (CONADESOPAZ),
stressed that the struggle for peace must be intensified to stop the
growing aggressiveness of the Washington government. The maneuvers are
a replay of the big stick era in Latin ~'~merica. Their provocative
~ nature is shown by the plan to land troops at the Guantanamo Naval Base,
_ territory occupied by the United States against the wishes of Cuba.
The United States also hopes to halt the revolutionary struggle in
El Salvador and Nicaragua and to frustrate the independence aspirations
of the Puerto Rican people, Jelnin added. [Text] [PA011245 Havana PRELA
in Span3sh 2005 GMT 29 Apr 80]
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V~NEZUELA
- MIR SAYS U.S. TRYING TO REACTIVATE COLD WAR IN CARIBBEAN
PA301543 Havana PRELA in Spanish 0015 GMT 29 Apr 80
[Text] Caracas, 28 Apr (PL)--The secretary general of the Movement of the
Revolutionary Left [MIR], Moises Moleiro, today said the announced U.S. mil-
itary maneuvers in the Caribbean are part of a general plan to reactivate
the cold war.
He said the general plan's objectives are to ease the crisis in the capital-
ist system, which showa its irrationality, as the levela of unemployment,
acarcity and hunger increase, and to offer the U.S. voters, "conditioned in
a reactionary fashion, a sense of might and potential."
Moleiro, who is also a Venezuelan congressman, charged that "The gringo
maneuvers in the Caribbean clearly seek to intimidate the Central American
revolutionaries and corral the Cuban revolution." -
~ "Both,"he noted "are absolutely impossible as evidenced by the increase of
the Salvadoran people's etruggle at present, and by the senseless and crim-
inal blockade of Cuba 20 years ago."
CSO: 3010
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