JPRS ID: 9173 USSR REPORT ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 67
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 3
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVE~ FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-R~P82-00850R000200070003-9
! 3

2 APRIL 1980 CFOUO 7r~0~ 1 0 F ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200074403-9
FOR OFFICIAI. L1SF. ONLY
JPRS L/901 Q
2 April 19g0
- U SS R ~e ~r~
p
MILITARY AFFAIRS
CFOUO 7/80)
= FBI$ FOREIGN B(~OADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign "
newspapers, periodicals an.d books, but also from news agency
- transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign.-ianguage
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
ott~er characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, ~nd material enclo5ed in brackets
' are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] i.n the first line of each item, or xollowing the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was ;?'tixd:
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
matioz was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered pl:onetically or transliterated are
- enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceda.: by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not c1Ear in the _
� original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes with in thc~ body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
� given by source.
. The contents of this publication in no way represent thQ poli-
cies, views oc attitudes of the 'J.S. Governatent.
For further information on report cc^.::ent
call (703) 351-2938 (economic); 3468
(political, sociological, military); 2726
(Iife sciences); 2725 (physical sciences).
- COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
- MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR O:FICIAL USE ONLY
JQRS L/9010
; 2 April 1980
_ U~SR REPORT
MILI7ARY AFFAIRS
i~`otro 7/so)
CONTENTS PAGE
Political Z'F~xtbook for Service Academies
(A. I. Sorokin; PARTIYNO-POLITICHESKAYA RABdPA V SOVETSKIIgi
vooxuzxE~nvr~r s7:r~, 1979 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Book Descriues Ba,sic Military Training Material
(y. I. Averin, et al.; SBORIVIK MATERIALOV PO NACAAL~NOY
VUYENNOY PODGOTOVKE, 1979)
...o.......... 35
Book Excerpts: Ba,llistic Missile Design
(Yuriy MikY.~.aylovich Nikolayev, Yuriy Ser,Qnovich Solomonov;
INZHENF~NOY~~~ PROYEKTIROVANIYE UPF~VLyAyEMY:~:H
BALLISTICHESKIKH RA.KEr S RDTT, 1979)
~+7
Book Excerpts: Idcological Work at Unit Level Described
(N. I. Smorigo, et al.; IDEOLOGICHESKAYA RABOTA V CHASTI:
SODERZHANIYA, ORGANIZATSIYA, METODIKA, 1978~).........o..... 51~
~ ' a ' [III - USSR - 4 FOUO)
, -
FOYt OFFICIAL USE ONLY F
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
~
~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
;
POLITICAL TEXTBOOK FOR SERVICE ACADEMIES
- Moscow PARTIYNO-POLITICHESKAYA RAB~TA V SOVETSKIKH VOORUZHENNYKH SILA,KH
~L'chebnik dlya Slushateley Voyennykh Akademiy) in Russian 1979 signed to
pres~ 31 May 79 pp 2, 413-416, 3-33, 408-412
[Information on authors and editors, Annotation, Table of Contents, In-
troduction, Chapter 1, and Conclusion of Uook, Adm A. I. Sorokin, chief -
editor]
[Excerpt,~] Title Page:
Title: PARTTYNO-POLITICHESKAYA RABOTA V SOVETSRIKH VOORUZHENNYK~i
- SILAKH (Uchebnik dlya Slushatel;:y Voyennykh Akademiy) ~arty- _
Political Work in the Soviet Armed Forces (Textbook for Cadets at
Service AcademiesJ . _
Publisher: Voyenizdat
Place and year of publication: Moscow, 1979
Signed to Press Date: 31 May 1~`79
Number of Copies Published: 50,000
Number of Pages: 416
Information on Authors and Editors:
_ This textbook was prepared specifically for the course entitled "Party-
Political Wcrk in the Soviet Armed Forces," taught at service academies.
The following took part in writing this textbook: Col I. M. Butskiy, Can-
didate of Historical Sciences, Docent; Col P. V. Galochkin, Candidate of
Historical Sciences, Docent; Maj Gen A. D. Glotochkin, Doctor of Psychologi-
cal Sciences, Professor; Col A. A. Dremkov, Candidate of Philosophical Sci-
ences; ~ol V. M. Zozulya, Candidate of Historical Sciences; Maj Gen S. K.
I1'in, Candidate of Historical Sciences; Ma3 Gen M. P. Korobeynikov,
Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor; Ma3 Gen V. K. Luzherenko,
Candidate of Historical Sciencea, Docent; Lt Gen I. M. Ovcharetiko; Lt Gen
L. N. Oahurkov; Adm A. I. Sorokin; Col A. S. Skachkov, Candidate of
i
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
� FOR UFFICIAL USE ONLY
Historical Sciences, Docent; Maj Gen N. I. Smorigo (leader of the author
_ team), Candidate of Historical Scieaces, Docent; Col L. A. Ushakov (deputy
leader of the author team), Candidate of Historical Sciencea; Col A. I.
Chinennyy, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Docent; V. S. Shubin;'Col c
A. P, Shurygin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor.
, Editorial board: Adm A. I. Sorokin, Maj Gen V. K. Luzherenko, Col L. A.
Ushakov, and Col A. P. Shurygin.
Brief Description: _
This textbook presents the tasks, content, forms and methods of part}r-
political work in the Soviet Army and Navy. A central position is occupied
by questions pertaining to the work performed by commandera , political
workers, party and Komaomol osganizations to increase troop combat
r~adiness, to accompZish the tasks of combat and political training and in-
doctrination of ideologically convinced, disciplined, skillful and
courageuus def.enders of the homeland. The specific features of party-
- political work in a combat situation are discussed. This textbook is in-
tended for service academy cadres, officers and general officers of the
_ USSR Armed Forces.
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. CPSU Leadership Foundation of Military Organiza-
tional Development. Party Agencies in the Army and -
~ Navy.
1. CPSU Leadership Main Source of'Strength of the USSR i
Armed Forces 11
2. System of Party Leadership in the Army and Navy 23 -
Chapter 2. Leninist Principles of Party Leadership.
1. Essence uf Lenjnist Principles of Party Leadership 34 -
2. Scientific Substantiation of Policy 35
3. Collective Nature of Leadership 37
4. Selection, Placement and Indoctrination af Cadres 42 -
5. Monitoring and Verification of Execution 46 '
6. Unity of Ideol~gical and Organizational Work 50 -
7. Indissoluble Bond W~.th the Masses 51 `
~ Chapter 3. One-Man Command in the Soviet Armed Forces. CPSU
Demands on Moral-Political, Fighting and Psychologi-
~al Qualities of Milit~ry Cadres.
, 1. V. I. Lenin and the CPSU on One-~Ian Command as the Most
Important Principle of Organizational Development oi the ~
Soviet Armed Forces 55
2. CPSU Demands on Military Cadres and Their Work Style 61
3. Work of Co~anders, Political Agencies and Party Organiza-
tions on Strengthening One-Man Command 69
2
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL iJSE aNLY =
Chapter 4. Party Organizations in the Soviet Armed Forc2s and
Ways~to Achieve Further Enhancement of Their Role and
_ IAfluence on All Aspects of Army and Navy Life and
Activities.
1. Army and Navy Party Organizations CPSU Fighting Detach-
ment in the Armed For~ea, Their Structure and Taeks 75
2. Ways to Eahaace the Role and Influence of Party Organiza-
" tions on All Aspects of Army and Navy Life and Activities 82
Chapter S. Komsomol Organizations in the Soviet Army and Navy. -
1. Komsomol Faithful Assistant and Combat Reserve of the
Communist Party. Structure and Tasks of Komsomol Orga-
nizations in the Army aad Navy 93
2. Party Direction of Roasomol Organizations 107
Chapter 6. Ideological Work in the Army and Navy. Ways to
Achieve a Further Increase in Its Effectiveness Under
Preaent-Day Conditions.
1. V. I. Lenin and the CPSU on the Importance of Ideological
Work. Tasks of Ideological Work in the Army and Navy
Under Present-Day Conditions 114 -
2. Organization of Marxist-Leninist Training of Officers,
Political Training of Warrant Officers, and Party School- _
ing in the Army and Navy 126
3. Political Instruction Classea for Enliated Personnel and
Noncom~issioned Officers 132
4. Mass-Agitation and Cultural-Educational Work in the Unii,
and on Board Ship 141
Chapter 7, Sociopsychological Problems of Study and Shaping of
the Personality of the Individual Soldier and the
Military Collective.
1. The Individual and Group Approach in Party-Political Work 152
2. Psychological Structure of the Sexviceman and Its Study 156
3. Psychological Phenomena in the Collective and Their Study 164 ~
Chapter 8. Indoctrination of Soviet ~tilitary Personnel in a
Spirit of Fighting Alliance With the Armies of the
Brother Socialist Nations.
1. Essence and Significance of the Fighting Alliance 170
2. Content, Forms and Methods of Work to Indoctrinate Mili-
tary Personnel in a Spirit of Combat Alliance With the
Armies of the Brother Socialist Natione 180
Chapter 9. Military Indoctrination and Its Organization in the
' Unit and on Board Ship.
l. Essence and Content of Military In3octrination 192
2. Military In3octrination in the Unit and on Board Ship 199
3 _
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
1~OK OFFICIAL USE ONLY !
Chapter 10. Party-Political Work to Strengthen Military Dis-
" cipline.
1. V. I. Lenin and the CPSU on Soviet Military Discipline.
The Enhanced Significance of Military Discipline Undpr
Present-Day Conditions 208
- 2. Content, Forcus and Methods of Wor~ by the Regimental v
(Ship) Commanding Officer and Party-Political Edifice to
Strengthen Military Diacipline 212 -
3. Indoctrinational Role of Disciplinary Practicea. Analyais ~
of the State of Military Discipline 221 .
Chapter 11. Party-Political Work to Increase Vigilance and Com-
bat Readiness of Units (Naval Ships).
1. The CPSU on the Neceasity of Further Increasing Vigilance
� and Combat Readinesa of Troopa Under Present-Day Condi-
- tiona 227
2. Content and Basic Directions of Party-Political Work to
Increase the Combat Readiness of Unita (Navai Ships) and
Subunits 236
Chapter 12. Socialiat Competition in Units and on Naval Ships.
1. Competition A Powerful Means of Increasing the Social
Activenese of Military Personnel 238
2. Organization of Socialiat Competition in Units and on
Naval Ships
Chapter 13. Psychological-Pedagogic Fundamentals of Improving
- the Process of Pereonnel Combat Trairaing.
- 1. Paychological-Pedagogic Conditiona of Activities of the
Commander as Leader and Organizer of the Proceas of
Training Personnel 269
2. Improving the Principles of Military Training 275
3. Methode and Forms of Training Personnel 289
Chapter 14. Party-Political Work to Mobilize Personnel for
Excellent Mastery and Skilled Utilization of Combat -
Equipment and Weapons, Exemplary Performance of Com-
- bat Alert Duty, and Improvement of Field (Air, Sea)
Proficiency.
1. Role of Man and Machine in Modern Warfare. CPSU Demanda
on Military and Military-Technical Training of Personnel 299
2. Mobilization of Military Pereonnel for Skilled Mastery of
Combat Equipment and Weapons 305
3. Party-Political Work on Combat Alert Duty 314
4. Party-Polittcal Work in Accomplishing Taska of Achieving
Field (Air, Sea) Proficiency 321 '
Chapter 15. Moral-Political and P~ychological Training of t3nit
(Naval Ship) Personnel for Combat Operati~na in Con-
- temporary War.
4 .
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONY.Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL US1~ ONLY
1. Modern Demands on Moral-Political and Psychological Quali-
ties of Personnel ..........9 328
2. Ways and Methods of Moral-Political and Psychological
- Training of Regiment (Naval Ship) Pereonnel 333
Chapt.er XVI. Party-Politicai Work in s Combat Situation.
- 1~ Tasks of Party-Polit~cal Work fn 13nits (On Naval Ships) in
a Comba*_ Situation 352
2. Party-Political Work in Preparing for Combat Operations 360 ~
3. Party-Political Work in the Course of Combat Operatione 371
4. Feat~~res of Party-Political Work in a Combat Situation in
the Branches of the Armed Forces 374
Chapter 17. Political Work Among Enemy Troops and Civilian Popu-
lation.
= 1. Significance and Content of Political Work Among Enemy
Troops and C~.vilian Population 387
2. Organization, Forms and Methods of Conduct of Political
Work Among Enemy Troops and Civilian Population 396
Conclusion 4Q8
Introduction
The Soeiet people are successfully accomplishing the tasks of building -
communism. Under the guidance of the CPSU, our country's toilers have
achieved world-historic victories and accomplishments in the six decades
of Soviet rule. They have defended the homeland in bitter combat, have
gained for it universal recognition as a bulwark and standard-bearer of
_ peace, and have raised it to the heights of social progresa. The aociety
- of advanced socialism built in the USSR has become the most important
result of the selfless labor of Soviet citizens. The party has elaborated
and is consistently implementing a scientifically substantiated economic
strategy aimed at a steady rise in the material and cultural living
� standards of our people. On the foundation of dynamic development of the ~
economy, the social countenance of the Soviet society is acquiring new
features and its social homogeneity is becoming strengthened. A new
historic co~uunity of people the Soviet people has been established
in our country.
Soviet man ia shaped and tempered in the struggle for co~unism. The
CPSU Central Coumdttee decree entitled "On the 60th Anniversary of the
Great October Socialist Revolution" stated: "He combines within himself
. ideological conviction and enormous vital energy, a constant striving to-
ward the heights of knowledge and culture, and a sense of collectivism and
comradely mutual assistance. The Soviet citizen has a strong love for his
socialiet hameland. Inspired labor in the name of communism has become
the content of his entire life."1
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
The hiatory of the Soviet people, their military and labor victoriea, and
- their outetanding accompliahrnente are inseparably linked with the activi-
ties of the Cammunist Party as the guiding and directing force of our so- ~
ciety. It worthily performs the role of political leader of the worker
class and af the entire Soviet people. "Our party holds high the
revolutionary banner of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism,
carries out its liistoric mission with honor and fights tireleasly for the
triumph of Communist ideals."2
The contemporary period is characterized by further enhancement of the
party's leadership role in society and by intensification of its theoreti-
cal, political and organizational activities. The CPSU devotes consider- -
able attention to strengthening and development of Leninist standards of
party life and principles of party leadership, deepening of intra-party
democracy, increased demandingness on each and every party member an3 im-
provement in the qualitative composition of party ranks, as well as con-
sol-ldation of a Leninist work style. The resolutions of the 20th CPSU
Congress, the decisions of the October (1964) Central Committee Plenum,and
the resolutions of the 22d, 23d, 24th, and 25th CPSU congressea are of -
- fundamental importance for improving all aepects of party guidance of ao-
_ ciety.
The 25th CPSU Congress emphasized that "~he dynamis~ of development of
Soviet society, the grawing scale of building commur~ism, and our activi-
ties in the international arena imperatively demand a continuous rise in
the level of party g~~idance of development of the economy and culture, in-
doctrination of citizens, and improvement in organizational and political
work in the masses."3
Knowledge of the rheory and practice of party organizational development -
helps correctry underetand the essence of party leadership. Party orga-
nizational development is the science of the laws governing and patterns
of development of the Communist Party and enhancement of its leadership
role, the principles of party structure, the forma of organization and
internal part~~ rules, of the m~thods and modes of organizat~onal and
ideological work with the masses, and direction of economic construction,
governmental and public organizations. -
Party-political work in the Soviet Armed Forces is an inseparable component -
part of party organizational development. Party-political work is sci-
entifically substantiated ideological and organizational activity to im-
plement Communist Party policy in the army and navy, to indoctrinate per- ~
sonnel in the ideals of Marxism-Leninism and mobilization of aervicemen to
carry ~ut their assigned tasks. Its solid ideological-theoretical prin-
ciples comprise Marxism-Leninism, Leninist teaching on the party, the
ide3s of our grPat leader on defeiise of the socialist homeland, and CPSU
policy. Theory of party-political work is closely linked with history of _
the CPSU, Marxist-Leninist philosophy, political economy, scientific com-
munism, military acience, education science and psychology.
6 -
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
In the party-political work. conducted in the Armed Forces by co~anders,
political agencies, political workers of units and naval ships, army and
navy Commnunists are reflected the laws governing and patteras of develop-
= ment of the Communist Paxty, the Saviet state and its military organiza-
= tion, shaping of people's personality, character and cognitive activity,
as well as the diversif ied processes and phenomena of aocietal affairs and
practical military activities.
Also inherent in party-political work in the Soviet Armed Forcea are
apecific patterns which define its relationahip with sociopolitical factors
aad internal development. Following are basic patterns of party-political
~,rork: determination of its ob~ectives, tasks and content by CPSU ideology,
policies, decisions and practical party activities; enhancement of its role
in implementing party pol~cy in the Armed Forces and performance of the
_ misaions assigned them; conformity between its content, forms and methods
on the one hand and the concrete conditions of life an.d combat activities
of army and navy and specific features of the historical situation on the
other; dependence of its state on the level of training of military cadres,
their political and professional qualities.
Scientific substantiation, high ~;eiality and effectiveness of party-politi-
cal work are ensured by consistent implementation of its most important
principles. These include t3~e Leninist principle of party-mindedness and
a class approach to problems of military organizational development and
indoctrination of Soviet servicemea; the principle of organic link between
ideological and party organizational activity in the army and navy and the
practical building of communiem, party and nat3onal affaire, and the mis-
sions performed by the Armed Forces. These include the principles of con-
creteneas and purposefulness, continuity and efficiency, a high degree af
activeness, flexibility in selc?ction and application o� means, forme, and
~ methods of influencing the consciousneES of military personnel.
Party-political work in the Armed Forces is tota.l~.y subordinated to in-
doctrination of staunch and courageous def enders of the gocialist homeland,
~ ardent patriots and internationalists prepared to dedicate all their
energies and if n~cessary their very lives to the cause of defending the
Soviet Union and th~ nations of the socialist community, as well as the
achievements of socialism.
Party-political work occupies a apecial place among th~ factors which dic-
tated the victory of the Soviet Armed Forces in the savage and bloody
k*ars forced upon our country by imperialism.
Based on experience in directing the nation's defense during the years of
civil war, V. L. Lenin drew the following conclusion: "...Wherever politi-
cal work with tne troops is carried out in the moet thoughtful manner...
there will be no Iack of discipline in the army, there will be better amart-
ness, precision, apirit, and more victories."4
" Comrade L. I. Brezhnev, who served through the entire Great Patr{otic War
~ as a top official of army and front political agencies, states that one can
7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY r
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
~ v~ ~ ~v~~.u v?u va~Li
scarcely exaggerate the importance of party-political work. It toughened
- the men's heartsand souls and inspired them to feats of valor.5
_ Party deciaions focus emphasis on coneiatent improvement of the USSR Armed
Forces taking account of the threat of war exiating under present-day con-
ditions.
The most reactionary forces of imperialism, arms manuf acturers and mili-
tarists, and devotees of "cold war" have ~oined together in an extensive
campaign against international d~tente, are continuing to escalate military
budgets and are demanding the development of increasingly more destructive -
3nd cruel weapons, mak~ng reference to a"Soviet thre~t" which they them- _
selves have concocted. They are endeavoring to crush by force the libera-
tion movement of peoples and are meddling in the internal affairs of other
nations.
The Peking leaders have become shameless accomplines of imperialist policy.
With their unprecedented, brazen bandit attack on the Socialist Republic
of Vietnam, they expesed once and for all to the entire world the in-
sidious, aggressive substance of the hegemonistic, militaristic great-power
_ policy they are pursuing. Peking's unilateral decision to terminate the
Treaty of Friendship, A11iance and Mutual Assistance between the L`SSR and
the PRC constituted evidence of total departure by the Maoist leaders from
the principles of proletarian internationalism and socialism. It has now
- become obvious to all mankind that the Peking rulers have departed from the
socialist road, have openly embraced a position of anti-Sovietism and have
fully closed ranks with the pclicies of reactiona~ry imperialist circles. ~
Today their policy represents a serious threat to world peace. In view of
the contemporary situation, the CPSU is c~ncentrating attention on the -
- deep-rooted sources of the might of the Soviet Army and Navy and is placing
on commanders and political workers enormous responsibiiity for further all- _
out development of the qualities of an army of a new type, which character- -
ize the Soviet Armed ForcES.
"Our army," commented Comrade L. I. Brezhnev at the 25th CPSU Congress,
"is indoctrinated I.n a spirit of deep devotion to the socialist homeland,
to the ideals of peace and internationalism, to the ideals of friendship
among peoples. The Soviet Army differs from bourgeois armies precisely
in this point. It is precisely for this reason that Soviet citizens love
th~eir army and are aroud of it."6 This general thesis defines the most
important result of development of the USSR Armed Forces and purposeful
party-political work. At the same time ~t states the decisive precondi-
tion of maintaining an adequate level of army and navy ffghting efficiency
and combat readiness and one of the main conditions for maintaining and
consolidating for the Armed Forces a prominent place in the system of Com-
munist indoctrination of Soviet citizens. -
ihe high praise stated at the 25th CPSU Congress for our ar~ay as a school
of indoctrination obligates us to construct party-political work in such
_ 8
FOR OFFTCIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040240070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
a manner that it ensu?-es unswerving improvement in the ideological and
moral conditioning of military personnel and is focused primarily on
maintaining the Armed Forces in a state of continuous combat readiness.
"It is necessary to achieve a situation," stated USSR Min{s~er of Defense
_ ~Mar SU D. F. Ustixt~v, member of the CPSU Central Co~ittee Politburo,
whereby, organizing training and indoctrination of peraonnel. each com~ .
mander and political worker clearly underatanda what new moral, phyaical
and paychological teats our f ighting men will encounter in actual combat
if the imperialiats initiate war and with what reaerve of strength
combat, ideological, moral - it is essential to prepare the defendera of
the homeland in time of peace."~
A scientific approach to accomplishment of these tasks presupposes in-
novative search for the new and advanced and the ability of military cadres
,knawledgeably to control the process of training and indoctrination of per-
sonnel, welding together of military collectives, organically combinfng
party-mindedness with thorough competence and knowledge of military affairs.
Successful lea~.ership of a regiment, naval ship, engineer service, or any
area of staff operation is inconceivable without the commander, military
engineer and staff officer continuously raising his ideological-
theoretical leveZ, act~.ve participation in party-political work, and -
mastery of all aspects of the art of organization and indoctrination of
military personnel, army and navy youth. One of these aspects is the
ability to see the main thing in one's work and to approach the task of
improving guidance of this work, as was emphasized by Comrade I,. I.
Brezhnev at the 18th Komsomol Congresa, in conformity with a Leniniat
statement of the question what we should teach young people and how
they ahould study in order to become worthy build~rs of communism.a
Thorough study of the course on party-political work boosts the political
~ level and ideological toughening of military leader cadres and helps .'m-
prove their work style and assists them in successfully accomplishing the.
task of further strengthening the indoctrinational role of the Soviet
~ Armed Forces, as is demanded by the CPSU Central Co~nittee in the decree
, entitled "On Further Improvement of Ideological and Political-Indoctrina-
tion Work."
- The sub,ject of the course on party-political work as a scientific and
scholarly discipline at service academies is the fundamentals of party
organizational development in the army and navy, Leninist principles of
party leadership, principles of construction and forms of organization of
political agencies, party and Romsomol organizations, the content and
methods of their ideological and organizational activities, tt~e system
and basic elements of political trai.ning, mass-agitation and cultural-
educational work in the Armed Forces.
Following are the principal course objectives: -
to arm c~dets with knowledge of theory and practice of party or-
ganizational development and party-political work in the Soviet Army and -
Navy;
9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000240070003-9
I
rux s~r~M~l(:lal, USE ONLY
to develop in cadets excellent moral-political qualities of the -
ore-man commander and Soviet military engineer, whu are called upon to
implement CPSU policy in the Soviet Armed Forces;
ro develop in cadets ability and akills in ideological snd organi-
_ zational work in military units and on naval ships.
1
- Following are the leading forms of the learning process in studying the -
_ course in party-political work: independent study of the writings of the
founders o~ Marxiem-Leninismt party documents, lectures, seminars, in-
dividual disc>>ssions, lectures to the cadets by command~s and political
= workers from army and navy line combined units, tour of duty and practi-
cal experience in army and navy line units, and writirg of reports.
Queations pertaining to party-political work in a combat situation are
- also studied in solving tactical problems and in conducting command-
staff exercises with cadets.
F~llowing is the basic literature used in studying this course: the works
- of V. I. Lenin, the CPSU Program and Party Rules, materials, resolutions
- and decisions of party congresses and conferences, party Cen~ral Com-
mittee plenums, CPSU Central Committee decrees, documents of the interna-
tional Communist and worker movement, the Statute on Political Agencies
of the Soviet Army and Navy and Instructions to CPSU and Komsomol Organiza-
tions in the Soviet Army and Navy, general military re~;lations, ordera
of the USSR Minister of Defense and directives of the Minister of Defenae
and Chief of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy,
as well as the proceedings of armed forces conferences. _
. Party theory and ~olicies and the fundamentals of party-political work in
- the Soviet Army and Navy are studied in an organic unity with study of
experience in building communis~, international activities of thr CPSU,
and its ideological struggle. Particular importance is assumed in con-
nection with this by assimilation oi the inexhaustible theoretical wealth
and lofty examples o� a Leninist approach to organizational and ideologi- `
cal-indocCrination tasks contained in the writings and speeches of ~PSU
Central Committee General Secretary Comrade L. I. Br.~zhnev, Chairman of
the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, and other Communist Party and
Soviet Government leaders.
This textbook is intended to assist service academy cadet:, in a systematic
and thorough study of the most important problems of party-political work ,
in the Soviet Armed Forces. Cadets will also be assisted in studying
this course by monographs, books, special collected volumes, pamphlets
and other publications discussing current problems of ideological and
organizational work of commanders, political agencies, army and navy
party and Komsomol organizations.
FOOTNOTES ~
1. PRAVDA, 1 February 1977.
. 10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
2. "Materialy XXV s"yezda KPSS" [Proceedinga of the 25th CPSU Congress],
- Moecow, 1976, page 62.
3. Ibid., page 65.
- 4. V. I. Lenin, "Poln. Sobr. Soch." [Complete Worka], Vol 39, page 56. -
= 5. See L. I. Brezhnev, "Malaya zemlya" [Little Land], Moscow, I978, page -
24.
6. "Materialy...," op. cit., page 76.
7. D~ F. Ustinov, "Izbrannyye rechi i atat'i" [Selected Speeches and
Articles], Moscow, 1979, page 287.
~
8. See L. I. Brezhnev, "Aktual'nyye voprasy ideologicheskoy raboty -
_ RPSS" [Current Problems ~f CPSU Ideological Work], Vol 2, t4oacow,
1978, page 561.
Chapter 1. CPSU Leadership Foundation of Military Organizational
Development. Party Agencies in the Army and Navy
1. CPSU Leadership Main Source of Strength of the USSR Armed Forces
The entire history of the Soviet state persuasively attests to the fact
that successful building of socialiem and co~unism is possible only
under the leadership of the Co~unist Party tried and tested van-
guard of our people, leader and organizer of their brilliant victoriea
- and great feats. "The CoTmmuntst Party of the Soviet Union...;" stated
CPSU General Secretary Comrade L. I. Brezhnev in his report to the
25th CPSU Congress, "is worthily performfng the role of political leader
_ of the worker class, of all toilers, of the entire people.~"1
~The USSR Constiti~*ion formally states that the Communist Party is the
guiding and dir~cting force of Soviet society, the core of its politi-
cal syatem, governmental and public organizations...."2 Armed with -
Marxiat-Leninist teachings, the CPSU directs the efforts of the people
toward the highest goal building of a classless Co~unist society.
Directing all aspects of life and activities in the Soviet state,the
party is also constantly concerned with increasing its organizing in-
fluence on development of the Armed Forces.
The Communist Party, headed by V. I. Lenin, established the Worker-
Peasant Red Army and defined its hist~rical function, features, sources
of strength and 3mrincibility. The army is one of the most important
component elements of the Soviet state. V. I. Lenin stated: "We need a
powerful Red Army to def end the worker-peasant gover~ent against ~
brigands, that is, against the landlords and capitalista."3
The Soviet Armed Forces have had a great and glorious fighting history.
The Soviet Army and Navy owe all their victories in the war and their
11
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
peacetime successes in increasing combat readiness f irst and foremoat to
the orgsnizing, guiding and indoctrinating role of the Communist Party of
the Soviet Union. The CPSU Program stresses: "The basic foundation of
military organizationa.l dev2lopment is Communist Party direction of the -
- Armed Forces, strengthening of the role and influence of party organiza-
tior~a in the army and navy."4
Communist Party activity pertaining to direction of the USSR Armed Forces is
~ carried out in ~any areas. Principal areas include the following:
elaboration and implementation of current questions pertaining to defense
- of the achievements of socialism, military theory, and the principles af
Soviet military organizational development; furniahing the army and navy ~
with modern combat equipment and weapons; further improvement of troop
organization and structure, proportional development of the services~
branches and arma, system and methcds of control; training , indoctrina-
tion and placement of military cadres; execution of ineasures pertaining
to improvi.ng party-political work and increasing its eff ectiveness;
strengthening of the fighting alliance with the armies of the socialist
nati~ns.
Communist ~arty direction of the Armed Forces is manif ested first and
- foremost in the fact that all matters pertaining to defense of the social-
ist homeland, mil3tary organizational development, military theory and
practice are settled in precise conforznity with party ideology and policy,
on the basis of party decisions.
~ V. I. Lenin pointed out on numerous occasions that our military organiza-
tional development is being successfully achieved precisely because it is
_ being carried out in a apirit of overall Soviet organizational development,
the chief element of which ia leadership and guidance by the Commun~et
_ Party.5 On his proposal the Central Committee of the Ruasian Comnunist
Party (of Bolshevika) issued a special decree on 25 December 1918 en-
- titled "On War Ministry Policy," in which it ia stressed that "ti~e p~licy of the
_ War Ministry, as that of all other ministries and agencies, shall be
carried out on the precise f oundation of the general directives issued
by the party in the person of its Central Commitree and under ita direct
supervision."6
Supervising and directing military organizational devel4pment, the Com-
munist Party ~laborates and implemerits the scientifically substantiated
military policy of the Soviet state, determines the political goals and
tasks of thQ USSR Armed Forces, and monitors the activities of military
agencies. Questions pertaining to organizational develapment of the
'~rmed Forces and their directions by the CPSU are constantly examined at
party cor~gresaes, conferences, and Central Committee plenuma.
At each historical stage the party has elaborated and implemented a policy
which most fully corresponds to the goals of securing def enae of the
Soviet homeland.
In determining its military policy under present-day conditions, the party
proceeds from the position that as long as imperialism remains in
existence there will continue to be a danger of aggressive wars. Taking
12
FOR OFFICIAL USF ONLY ,
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
thia into account, the CPSU viewa strengthening of this country'9
: defenae capability and the military strength of the Soviet Armed
Forcea as one of ita principal tasks, the 4bligation of the entire
Soviet people and one of the most important functiona of the Soviet
state.
Thia point is also formally stated in the new USSR Constitution. "The
_ duty of the USSR Armed Forces to the people shall be reliably to defend
- the socialist homeland and to be in a state of continuous combat readi- _
ness guarante~ing an immed{ate rebuff tc any aggressor," states ~
Article 31.
Communist Party direction of the Armed Forces is also manifested in the
fact that the CPSU Central Committee deals directly with the root,
fundaanental queations of military life and activities and is concerned
on a daily basis with strengthening their fightfng efficiency and combat
readiness.
The party Central Co~3tee determines the military doctrine of the Soviet
state, the principal directions and areas of development of military
scfence, modern weapons and combat equipment, and concerns itself with
correct combination and planned development of the services, branches -
and arms, and with combat and politica.l training of personnel.
"..The CPSU Central Committee Politburo, the Government of the USSR,
and all who are directly im~olved in matters of strengthening national
defense," stated L. I. Brezhnev at a Rremlin reception honoring service
academy graduates, "display maximum concern for increasing army and
navy combat might and improving military equipment and combat proficiency
- of personnel. Matters of defense of the homeland are given priority
- attention in all our work."~
The party and its Central Co~ittee determine matters of strengthening
army and navy combat might collective7.y and on a scientific basis. When -
making a decision pertaining to the Armed Forces, the CPSU Central Com-
mittee thoroughly studies the state of affairs, concrete conditions and -
situation, and confers with military officials. Party and gover~ent
leaders regularly visit military units and naval ships and acquaint
- theiuselves with the daily life, routine and training~of the troops as well
as practical personnel training and indoctrination activities. Large-scale
exercises and troop maneuvers are attended by officials of local party
and Soviet agencies. All this enables the party arid its Central Committee
correctly to resolve the most camplex problems of nationsl defense
_ capability and military organizational development. ,
L: I. Brezhnev noted in the CPSU Central Co~ittee report to the 25th CPSU
Congress, when discussing Central Committee activities pertaining to
atrengthening national defense capability and improving the Armed Forces:
"We ar~ able to report to the congresa tha:. we have accomplished much in ~
this area. Improvement has been made in furnishing the Armed Forces with
13
FOR pFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
rvi~ vrrt~.ttfL uJL' UNLY
modern weapons and combat equipment, and there has been an improvement in
quality of combat training and ideological conditioning of personnel.
_ The fact is... the Soviet people can be assured that the fruits of their
productive labor are being reliably protected."8
Improvix~g this nation's defense in the face of a military threat both
in the West and East, the ConIInunist Party ie forced to expend a great
deal of money on defense. "We are spending on defense as much," atated
Comrade L. I. Brezhnev ir a speech to the voters cf Moscow's Baumanakiy
Rayon on 2 March 1979, "as is absolutely essential. Nu less, but also
no more. In conformity with the siLuation."9
Our capabilities have also increased substantially in the area of allocat-
ing funds for defense in recent years. "Never before has our country
_ possessed such vast econamic and scientific-t2chnoiogical potential.
Never before has its defense capability been so strong, so reliable,"10
- noted L. I. Brezhnev in his report at an official ~oint session of the
- CPSU CEntral Committee, USSR Supreme Soviet and RSFSR Supreme Soviet
marking the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution.
The Communist Party elaborates, enriches and implements the principlea
of Soviet military organizatio~zal development. Leninist principlea of ~
military organizational development are generally defined as the
fundamental, basic points of Leninist teachings, in conformity with which
- CPSU practical activity has been carr.ied out in the area of establishment,
strengthening and development of the USSR Armed Forces. The principlea
of military organizational development are aubdivided on the basis of con-
tent into sociopolitical, organizational, training and indoctrination.
_ Sociopolitical principles proceed from the very nature of our societal
and governmental system.: They include the following: Communiat Party
direction of the Armed Forces; a class approach to organizational develop-
ment of the Armed Forces; unity of army and people; fidelity to proletarian
internationalism.
- CPSU guidance of the Armed Forces is a basic sociopolitical principle of
Soviet military organizational development.
The Communist Party exercises political guidance of the army and navy.
It is armed with Marxist-Leninist theory, is closely bound to the people,
welded together by party discipline, and possessea unsurpassed qualities
of inspirer and organizer of the masses. In December 1918 the Central
Committee of the Russian Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) emphasized that
the army of a socialist state cannot be built, develop and become atrong
without party leadership and guidance.ll Under preaent-day conditions the ~
- role of the Communist Party in leadership and guidance of the .'~rmed
Forces is becoming even greater. Military councils, commanders, politi-'
_ cal agencies, party and Komsomol organizatic:~ns implement the party line
and party principles in the military.
l~+
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
One of the most important sociopolitical principlea is that of class ap-
proach to organiza~ional development of the Armed Forces. From the
very beRinning our army was created in conforaiity with the character of
the soc~.aliet system, the goals and taske of the Soviet atate. ~
The resolution atthe 8th Party Congreas on the militsry q~xestion atated:
"The revolutionary character of the army is determined f irsr and foremost
' by the character of that Soviet regime which creates this army, which
specif ies its ob~ective and thus transforms it into its own instrument.
On the other hand conformity between this instrument and the Soviet
~ regime is achieved by the class composition of the main body of military
personnel, by the organization of co~issars and Eommunist cells, and
finally, by commcn party and Soviet guidance and direction of military
- life and activities."12 The Soviet Armed Forces have retained up to the -
present day their class sociopolitical content.
Unity of army and peopZe occupiea an important place among the soc~o-
political principles of Soviet military organizational development.
The substance o~ this principle lies in the fact that the party and
goverrnnent, supported by the socioeconomic and palitical system, the
_ alliance between the worker clase and peasantry, and the aociopolitical
unity of the Soviet society, carry out military organizational development
- in such a manner that the broad maesea take part in it, while the Armed
Forces in turn maintain a constant link with the Soriet people, rely on
their support and feel their social influence. In 1919 V. I. Lenin
stated in his draft Program; "The Soviet organization has made it pos-
sible to create an armed force of workers and peasants which is more
closely linked with the toilers than before....i13 Under present-day con-
= ditiona the social base of this principle has become considerably
broadened, and it is manifested in the numerous and diversif ied forms of
link between army and people and in the people's concern for their Armed
Forces. '
The principle of proletarfan internationalism is another basic socio-
political principle of Soviet military organizational development. It
is expressed in the fact that all socialist nationalities and ethnic
groups in the USSR possess a co~non military organization the Armed
Forces, the most rigoroue equality of rights and obligations of all this
country's citizens in carrying out ane's military duty is observed,and
indoctrination of Soviet military personnel is conducted in a spirit of
friendship and brotherhood among the peoples of the USSR.
With the establishment of other social~st nations, implementation of this
principle exp`nded beyond the limits of a single country. Strengthening
of their unity and deepening of the fraternal friendship between Marxist-
Leninist~paities "considerably increase the united strength a~d in-
fluence of socialism on the course of international events."14
Sociopolitical principlea play a determining role. They exert decisive
influence on all other principles.
15 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
_ rvn vrrit,tew u~~ UNJ~Y
- Organizational principles encompass questions pertaining to the internal
structure of the Armed Forces, the forms of their organization, and
methods of leadership and control.
Following are the basic organizational principles of Soviet military
organizational developtnent: cadre organization of the Armed Forces;
centralization of leadership and one-man co~nand; continuous improve-
ment in organizational structure, coordinatecl and commensur~,te develop~�Pnt
of services, branchea and arms; maintenance of conacientious military
discipline on the basis of intelligent combination of inethods of per-
- suasion and coercion; continuoua combat readines~ of this country and ita
Armed Forces to repel aggression.
The organizational struc~ure of the Soviet Armed Forces, their quanti-
tative and qualitative composLtion are determined proceeding from an
asaeasment of the international situation and the taska of enauring the
security of the socialist homeland ensuing therefrom; the nation's
internal situation, especially the atate and capabilitiea of the economy
and character of social relations; development of weaponry; cultural- -
technical level of army and navy personnel and manpower reaerves as a
whole.
- Consistent application of Leninist organizational principles, tested by
the experience of Soviet military organizational development, serves as
a most important condition for a high degr~e of combat efficiency of
our Armed Forces. .
The principles of training and indoctrination in the Soviet Armed
Forces are grounded on Marxist-Leniniat methodology. Tit~ pursue the .
ob,jective of arming servicemen with profound political, military, tech- .
nical and specialized knowledge and developing in them the practical
skills and ability to conduct armed combat.
- The basic principles of training and indoctrination include the follow-
ing; Co~nunist ideology, party-mindedness, a close link with this na-
tion~s life and the missiona performed by the troops; unity of political
and military indoctrination; aystematicness and consistency in training;
combination of indoctrination in the collective with an individual ap-
- proach to each man, high demandingneas on subordinatea with s~licitude
for them, etc. ~
Embodied in the principles of Soviet military organizational development
are Leninist ideas on defense of the socialist homeland, which have
totally retained their paramount role up to the present day. They
serve as a most important point of reference for the activities of all
commanders, political workers and engineer-technician personnel.
An important area of Communist Party activi~ies pertaining to leaderehip
and direction of the Armed Forces ia the training and improvement of
military cadres. _
16
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFYCIAL USE ONLY _
Piilitary cadres constitute a support for party and government in the
Armed Forces and are their plenipotentiary representatives. Zt is -
precisely through the cadres of command, polit~cal and engineer-tech-
nician personnel that the CPSU implements its ideology and policy in the
Armed Forces. Therefore the question of military cadres has always oc-
cupied and continues to occupy one of the principal positions in the ac-
tivities af our party.
The Communist Party has elaborated acientific principlea of work with
cadrea. They boil down essentially ~o the following: to select cadres
on the ;basis of their political and profeasional qualities; intelligent-
ly to combine older and more experienced wfth young cadres and~to ob-
aerve succeasion of leadership; to evaluate cadres on the basis of their
deeds and perform~nce results; correctly to utilize the knowledge and
experience of off icials; to impose high demandingness on cadres.
_ Thanks to the solicitude of the party, the Soviet Army and Navy today
contain thoroughly trained military cadres capable of successfully
accomplishing the increasing tasks of troop leadership and comhand.
One of the areas of Communist Party leadership and direction of the
Armed Forces is continuous concern for the development of 3oviet mili-
tary science and art of warfare.
Proceeding from the ob~ective laws or development of military affairs,
the party and its Central Committee display tireless concern to ensure
that Soviet military acience, military strategy, operational art and
tactica always meet contemporary demanda.
Military science is cr~lled upon to conduct research in the intereats
of all-out securement of development and training of the Armed Forces
- in confprmity with the character of a potential war, to reveal ita con-
tent, character, ob~ective laws, the forms of their manifestation and
the principles of art of warfare proceeding from these laws. Additional
tasks of military ~cience include disclosure of totally new directions
in the evolution of weapons, combat equipment, the modes of ti~eir efnploy-
me:nt, innovative elaboration of the problems of strategy, operational -
art and tactics, and constant refinement, applicable to changing situa- -
tion conditions, of the missions of the Armed Forces and the directions
of their organizational development and training. Improvement of
existing ~nd development of ~ew weapons and military equipmenC is an im-
portant area of military science. Military science plays an important
role in elaboration and improvement of the forms and methods of troop
training and indoctrination.
The Communist Party demands that military cadres critically study, analyze
and consider the combat experience of the Great Patriotic War and know
well the stror~g and weak points in the military science of our potential
adversaries.
17
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY '
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
rvc~ urriVteL, uoG V1YLI
Extensive possibilities are opening up under present-day conditiona~
more than at any time in the past, for development of military aci-
ence. Utilizing advances in mathematics, physics, cybernetics and
other sciences, it is capable of ob,jectively and accurately evaluating
the prospects of improve~ent of military affairs and to present the
moat well-aubstaneiated recommendations on all matters of milit~ry or-
ganizational development. _
CPSU leadership and direction of the Armed Forces is also manifested in
the fact that a well-proportioned system of political agencies, party
and Komsomol organizations, on which one-man commandera rely in their .
practical activities, has been established and is operating in the army
and navy.
- With all their work political agencies, party and Komsomol organizations
- strengthen the combat might of army and navy, ensure the party's day-
by-day influence or military life and activities, and seek to enaure
_ a personal example on the part of Couffiunists and Komsomol membera in
accomplishing the tasks of combat and political training. The
atrength of the army of the socialist state, in contrast to bourgeois '
~ aYmies, is grounded on a high degree of political consciousness on the
part of military personnel and on a deep awareness of their patriotic duty,
international tasks and the necessit~ of fighting for the triumph of
commuriigra. Therefore in the area of military organizational development
the party has always devoted and continues to devote unrelenting atten-
tion to party-political work in the Armed Forces.
In 1919 a party Central Conanittee letter entitled "On Party Work in the
Red Army" emphasized: "...In order for the Red Army to be genuinely
socialist it is essential that it be not only class in composition but
_ also that military personnel clearly and correctly understand their
= class interest. And this requires party work within the military."15
Aggravation of the ideologic:al struggle in the world arena, enhancement
- of the role of the morale fact~r in warfare of today, improvement in the
technical equipping of troops, and a substantial improvement in the
general-educational and cu:stural level of all categoriea of military
personnel imperatively demv~d further strengthening of party-golitical
work in the army and navy.
Diaplaying solicitude for the Armed forces, ~he ~PSU Central Committee
adopted a number of deciaions, among which of exceptional importance is
the 21 January 1967 decree entitled "On Measures to Improve Party- ;
Political Work in the Soviet Army and Navy."16 ~
This decree demands improvement in all activitiea of military councils,
commanders, political agencies and party organizations to the level of
present-day demands ~d a aubstantial increase in the effectiveneas of
party-political work to boost troop combat readiness, to improve the
quality of combat training and to strengthen military discipline.
18 -
FOR OFFICTAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The CPSU Central Co~?ittee has implemented important measures aimed at
improving party-polirical work in the army and navy. In particular~
they include the following; establiehment of political directorates of
the separate Armed Forces eervices~ railway troops and military conetruc-
- tion units, and an sirborne troope political aection; tranaformation of
the party comemittees of central establiahmente, headquartera of.dis-
_ stricts~and groups of forces, and military educational institutiana into
political sections; introduction of deputy comuandera for political -
affairs in the companies (batteries) and equivaYent subunits; estgblish-
- ment of higher military-political schools and expanaion of the institu-
tion of staff propagandists and exempted Komsomol workers in line units; _
ratification of a revised Sta~tute on Political Agencies and Instructiona
to CPSU Orgariizations in the Soviet Army and Navy (February 1973);
ratification of Instructions to Komsomol OrgarLZations in the Sovi~t Army
and Navy (December 1974); holding of an Armed Forces Conference of Party
Organization Secretaries (March 1973), an Armed Forces Conference of
Komsomol Organization Secretaries (April 1974), an.Armed Forcea Conference -
of Ideological Workers (January 1975), an Armed Forces Conference of
P.ycccellent ~�erformers in Combat and Political Training (May 1975), etc.
All this has had a positive effect on organization of party-political work
in the Soviet Armed Farces. .
Commanders, political agencies and party organizations are conatantly im-
proving their work style and methods and are more vigor�ously and concrete-
ly influencing performance of combat and political training taska and
- strengthening of military diecipline and the political~morale atate of
personnel.
- The Leninist idea of f irmness of party leadership and direction of the
Armed :~'orces was consolidated in the documents of the 25th CPSU Congreas.
The Centra] Committee Report to the congresa emphasizes; "During all these
years the party focused proper attention on atrengthening our country's -
def~iise r_apability and improving the Armed Forces.i17
As our country advances toward co~nunism, the importance of the party's
leadership activitiea and the strength of its iuf luence on the further
~ development of society are constantly increasing. This is dictated by
growth in the scale and complexity of the tasks of building communism;
by the development of aocialist democracy; by an unprecedented upswing in _
the productive activity of the masses and the imtolvement of additional
millions of toflers in management of production and affairs of staten
by the increasing signif icance of Marxism-Leninism and theory of aciPnti~
fic communism in societal affairs and the evolution of society; by the
increased international significance of building communism in the USSR.
Enhancement of the party's role in the area of the military organizational
development at th~ pres~nt stage is due to a number of factors. First of
all, tasks connected with preventing imperialist aggression and prepar-
ing the nation and its Armed Forces for a resolute rebuff to the foe are
becoming more complex. Defense of the achievements of socialism encom-
passes all areas of sucietal affairs: economics, politics, ideology, ~
~9
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
rux ur~r'L~1xL USE UNLY
science, and culture. Our country's m3litary efforts are based on the
might of its economic, moral-political and scientific potentials.
Secondly, enhancement of the party's role in leadership and direction
of the Armed Forces is due to root changes in the technical equipping
_ and arming of the military, 3n modes of combat operations, and to the
ancreasing complexity of the tasks of combat and political training.
Qualitatfve changes in military affairs, the character and featurea of
contemporary warf are demand constant improvement of military organization,
- methods of training and indoctrinating troops. Therefore the party
is constantly concerned with ensuring that the organizational structure
of the di�ferent services, branches and arms is in conformity with the
increased demands of military af�airs, that military-scientific thought
is focused on development of new modes of warfare and the moet effective
methods of combat, moral-political and psychological training of troope. _
Third, enhance~nent of the role of the moral-political factor in war, if
the aggreseors initiate a war, will demand of the personnel of our army -
and navy and of the entire Soviet people an unprecedent~d exertion of
spiritual and physical forces. Only the Co~unist Party, ita tireless
indoctrinational and organizational work, and the personal example of
Communists in skilled and selfless performance of military duty can ensure
the ever-increasing moral-political and paychological superiority~of the
Soviet Armed Forcea over the armies of the aggreasors.
Fourth, the international tasks of the Soviet Armed Force~ have broadened.
They are called upon to defend againat aggresaors not only their own
_ country but, together with the anuies of the other brother natione, the
entire socialist community as we11. Elaboration of collective measures
for defending the world socialist system and coordination of the military
efforts of the Warsaw Pact member nations enhance to an even greater
degree the role of the CPSU and its Central Committee in guiding and
- directing the Soviet Armed Forces, in internationalist indoctrination of
Soviet servicemen, and in strengthening their ties with personnel of the ~
armies of the nations of the socialist community.
Thus enhancement of the role of CPSU leadership and direction of the
Armed Forces is dictatec; by expanaion and the increasing complexity of
the tasks of military organizational development and an increase in the
- historical responsibility for the aecurity of our homeland, for the na-
tions of the socialist community, for preserving and strengthening peace. ,
2. System of Party Leadership in the Army and Navy
The CPSU exercises its leadership role in the Armed Forces through the
- military councils, commanders, politicaZ agencies, the political edifice
of units, and party or~anizations.
y The party assigns to military councils a apecial role in organizational
development and strengthening of the Soviet Armed Forces.
20 ' -
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The mil~tary councils are permanently functioning, collegial directive
_ agencies in the Armed Forces branches, districts, fleets, groups of
forcea, armies, and flotillas. They are empowered to examine all.im-
= portant questions pertaining to military life and activitiea, operational,
combat and political training of combined unita, unita and naval ahipa,
and indoctriantion of personnel.
The membership of the military councils is ratified by the CPSU Central
Cor~unittee at the requeat of the USSR Minister of Defense and Main Politi- .
cal Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy.
The military councils bear responsibility for execution in the army and
- navy of party and government decrees and orders of the USSR Minister of
Defense; for continuous combat and mobilization readiness, combat and
; political training, military discipline, and strengthening of one-man
comnand and the political-morale atate of peraonnel; for adoption and
mastery of new weapons and combat equipment by the line units; for
training, study, selection and placement of off icer cadres; for political
work in the line units and other matters.
The military councils perform their ~ob in close contact with local party
and Soviet agencies. The CPSU oblast committee, kray co~nitte e or union
republic Cammunist Party Central Committee secretary sita on the dis-
trict, fleet, army and flotilla military council.
_ The work'of the military councils is organized through meetings, which
are held at least once each month. The commanding general serves as
chairman of the Military Council. At the meetings the military councils _
receive reports from commanders, political workers and chiefs of arma and
services on the state of co:abat readiness of units and combined units,
combat and political training, military discipline of personnel, and
adopt effective measures to correct existing deficiencies.
Military Council decrees are executed by orders of the commander in chief
_ and commanding general.
Thus military councils, invested with extensive authorities and powers by
the CPSU Central Committee and Soviet Government, play a large and
responsible role in ensuring continuous troop combat and mobilization
readiness. ' -
Political agencies occupy an important place in the system of party "
leadership and direction in the army and navy. They have existed since
October 1918. The experience of history has confirmed their necessity
and great importance in army and navy life and activities both in peace-
time and in time of war.
Political agencies of the Soviet Army and Navy are the directing and
guiding party agencies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the -
USSR Araaed Forces. Political agencies are guided in their activities by
the CPSU Program and Party Rules, and by the decrees of party congresses,
. 21
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
I
ru~c vrrlt,ltu, Ua~ UNLY ~
the CPSU Central Conmittee and Soviet Government. They also organize their
practica;. activities on the basis of the Statute on Political Agencies,
orders nf the Minister of Defense and directives of the Minister of
Def ena~ and Chief of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and
Navy.
Political agencies strengthen the combat might of army and nayy with their
divereified activities; ensuring the party's day-to-day, total influence
on the Soviet Armed Forcea.
IdPological work occupies an important place in the activities of politi-
cal agencies. The most important tasks of political work include uniting
military personnel behind the Communist Party and Soviet Government, their
indoctrination in the ideals of Marxism-Leninism and in a spirit of total
dedication to the people, to the socialist homeland, prolet~rian inter-
nationalism, a fighting alliance with the armies and the brother socialist
nations, and conscientious performance of military duty. Toward these
_ ends political agencies organize Marxist-Leninist training of officera,
general officers and admirals, political training for warrant officers,
political instruction classes for enliated personnel and noncommi.seioned
- off icers, supervise party training, agitation-propagandiet and cultural-
educational work, as well as the military press.
Political agencies focus primary attention on increasing troop vigilance
and combat readiness. They influence, knowledgeably, vigorously and on a
daily basis, all aspecta of combat and political training, together with -
commanders organize aocialist competition for personnel, ayatematically
syntheaize and disaeminate advanced know-how in party-political work, ob-
~ectively evaluate the etate of affairs in the line units, wage a cam-
paign against embellishment of the actual state of affairs, conceit,
complacency, unnecessary simplification and relaxation of demands in -
~ training and indoctrinating personnel, and assist commanders in correct-
ing deficienciea hindering improvement in the combat readiness of com-
- bined units and units.
An important task of political agencies is all-out strengthening of one- _
man command, military discipline in the army and navy, and indoctrination
of peraonnel in a spirit of strong responsibility for absolute and
precise execution of the demands of the military oath, military regulations -
- and commander orders.
Political officials supervise party, Komsomol and trade union organiza-
_ tions and the activities of the party-political edifice of combined units .
and units. On the basis of unflinching observance of Leninist atandards
of party life and the principles of party leadership, they tirelessly
boost the activenesa and agresaiveness of party organizations, exert
regulating influence on growth of party ranks, develop initiative and
activeness on the part of party members, and increase their responsibility
for meeting the demands of the CPSU Program and Party Rules. Political -
off icials have the task of teacl:ing commanders, deputy commanders for
political affaire, and secretaries of party and Komaomol organizations
practical party-political work.
22
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000240070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
Important taeks are assigned to political agencies pertaining to supervi-
aion of Komsomol organizationa, indoctrination of Komsomol membera, and
easuring their leading role in training, servi.ce, and military dis-
cipline.
Political agencies, to~ether with trade union organizations, organize
socialist competition for army and navy workers and employees and mobilize
_ them for auccessful accomplishment of production targets and adopted so-
cialiat pledgea.
Political agencies devote daily attention to maintaining close ties with
the military masses. Theq regularly study the men's moods and re-
quirements and promptly respond to their requeats.
Political agencies atudy and place political cadres and participate in
selection, placement and certification of officer personnel, and scienti-
fic-teaching personnel as well at e3ucational institutions. "
Political agencies maintain close contacts with local party and Soviet
agencies, public organizations, enterpris~s, kolkhozes and sovkhozea,
take part in the work of local party committees, and regularly inf.orm
them on political work in military units.
- The principal significance of the demands imposed by the party on political
agencies under present-day conditions consists in these agencies tireless-
ly improving their activities, boosting them to a level corresponding to
the new atage of development of thz Armed Forces, and achieving effective-
ness of party-political work in all areae, especially in matters connected
with improving combat readineas, quality of combat and political training,
and strengthening military discipline.
Political agencies are established by the USSR Ministry of Defense and
Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy ia conformity with
the structure established determined by the CPSU Central Commi*.tee.
Supervision of party-political work in the Soviet Army and Navy is exer-
cised by the CPSU Central Committee through the Main Political Directorate
of the Soviet Army and Navy, with authorit;~ equivalent to a CPSB Central
Committee division. In order to ensure collective decisions in deter-
minati.on of the most important matters pertaining to party-political work
and indoctrination of cadres of party-political workers of the Armed
Forces in a spirit of observance of Leninist standards of party life and
the principles of party leadership, by deciaion of the CPSU Central Com-
: mittee a Bureau of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and
- Navy was established. Bureau decisions are implemented by directives and
inatructiona of the Chief of the Main Political Directorate.
In the Strategic Missile Forces, Ground Forces, National Air Defense
~Forces, Air Force and Navy there are political directorates functioning, -
23
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000240070003-9
rva. vcrtutru~, uo1. v1~L1
which supervise party-political work in the line unita, military educa-
tional institutions and establishmenta of the correspox~ding Armed Forces
branch and which bear reeponeibility for the atatua of this work.
Political directorates also function in the border and internal troopa.
Superviaion of party-political work in the military districts, groups of
- forces and fleeta, in the military construction and railway troops is
perfor~ed by the appropriate political directorates; by the appropriate
political aections in the airborne troops, in the armies and flotillas,
in long-rauge bomber and military transport aviation, in combined units
~d at military educational institutions.
The pol~tical sections of combined units, military educational institutions
and establishmenta supervise party-political work and organize it directly
in the units and on naval ships, in faculties and departments of service
academies and schools, and are responsible for its status; they exercise
supervision of party and Komsomol organizatio:~s as well as the work of
deputy commanders for political affairs of regiments, naval ehips and
independent units. The political aections of combi-~ed units concentrate
_ principal attention on active organizational and indoctrinational work in
the units and subunits.
Matters pertaining to ideological conditioning of personnel occupy the
center of attention of the combined unit political section. It has
responsibility for organization and conduct of ideological work.
The political sections of combined units participate in setting up
groups and select Marxist-Leninist officer training aupervisors; they
monitor the ideological content and organization of political training Qf
officers, warrant officers, enlisted personnel and noncom~issioned of-
ficers; they supervise the activities of off icers' clubs, other clubs,
- libraries, universities of Marxism-Leninism, and party evening schools. ~
The combined unit political section devotes considerable attention to per-
formance of combat training tasks and strengthening of military discipline.
It organizes prompt and timely communication and explanation to personnel
~ of party and government decisions and directives from the Minister of
Defense and Chief of the Main Political Directorate on matters of combat
training and strengthening military discipline, exerts party influence on
military peraonnel, and endeavors to increase their feelings of responsibil-
- ity for performance of their service duty.
The combined unit political section establishes, party and Kom~omol orga-
nizations in the units and on naval ships, and approves the secretaries of
primary party and Komsomol organizations; it carries out indoctrination
of party and Komsomol activists and teaches them practical.skills in
working with the men; it checks the performance of party and Komsomol or-
ganizations, evaluates their work, supervises acceptance of new members in-
to the party and Komsomol, and issues party and Komsomol documents.
24
FOR OFFICIAL USL ONLY _
- ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
The political section is headed by the political section chief. He orga-
nizes all the work of the political agency and is personally responsible
' for its status.
The deputy chief of the political section directa the activities of polit- -
- ical inatructors, personally draws up political section work plans and
organizes verification of their execution. He should be well i:__ormed on
tt~e state of party-political work in the unite. Ae is suthorized, in the
po:litical section chief's absence, to sign and iseue party and Komaomol
doc:umenta.
The political section renders concrete assistance to the party organiza-
tions of the units, trains party activists, synthesizes and effects ~
practical adoption of advanced party work know-how, organizes and directs
the activities of the party evening school.
The political section organizes propagandist-agitation wark in the com-
bined units, directs the activities of unit propagandists, and offers
methods assistance to poZitical training group leaders.
One of the political section instructors is responsible for the state of
mass-cultural work in the combined unit. He instructs club managers and
directors of unit libraries, gives them practical assistance in achieving
a high ideological level of conducted measures, and continuously monitors
to ensure proper utilization of propaganda means and facilities.
The assistant political section chief for Komsomol work is responsible for -
- the crganization an~ status of Komsomol work in the combined unit. He
perfoxms his ~ob in the units and on naval ships in cloae conta~t with com-
manders, political workers and party activists. Staff Komsomol work in-
structors, designated from the best-prepared enlisted personnel, noncom- `
missioned officers and warrant officers, work under his supervision.
The party and Komsomol document records ~nstructor is resp~nsible-for
- proper records and safekeeping of blank forms and proper filling-in of
_ forms, and is in charge of maintaining records on Communists and Komsomol
members both in the political section, in the units, and on naval ships.
Assignment of specific responsibilities to political section personnel
enables them to organize their work in a concrete manner. -
- Party commissions are formed under the auspicea of political agencies,
which review decisions of primary party organizations in matters of ac-
ceptance tn CPSU membership, as well as examining cases of minor of-
fenses committed by Communists and Komsomol members. The party com~issions,
under the supervision of the political agencies, take part in verifying
observance by party members of the CPSU Party Rules and their observance
of party and military discipline. In all their activities they seek to
increase the feeling of responsibility on the part of Communists for im-
plementation of party policy.
25
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
r~Ux Ur~FICIAL USE ONLY
Successful accomplishment of the difficult and responsible tasks facing the
units and combined units is ensured by the combined efforts and coordi-
n~ted work of the commander and political section.
Relatians between the combined unit commander and political section chief
are characterized by good coordination, businesslike contact, and mutual
support. In the proce~s of daily personal contact the commander informs `
~he political section chief on taska being accomplished and instructions
received from senior commandera ae well as on the deciaions they have made.
The political section chief in turn reports to the commander on work
_ being performed pertaining to political and military personnel, atrengthen-
= ing of the political-moral state and military diacipline among personnel,
and informs him on activities and the most important decieions of party _
and K_omsomol organizationa and on critical rem~rke and suggeations made -
by Communists.
This practice enables the combined unit cou~ander and political section
chief to gain thorough knowledge of the men's daily lives, produces a
unified approach to evaluation of the state of affairs and makes it pos-
sible to concentrate the efforts of commanders, political workers, party
and Komsomol organizations as well ae all personnel on accomplistunent of
current taska.
The political sections of military educational institutions are called upon
knowledgeably to examine the process of training and indoctrination of
enrolled personnel in conformity with present party demands, and actively
to influence aelection, glacement and indoctrination of scientific-teach- -
ing cadres, high-quality execution of. curricula and curriculum schedules,
improvement of teaching-methods arid acientific research work, and
strengthening of ties between military educational institutions and line
units.
_ An important role in implementing party policy in the army and n~vy is
assigned to the political edifice of units and naval ships. It stands
closest to the soldier masses and is always where personnel training and -
indoctrination tasks are directly carried out and where the requisite
moral-political and fighting qualitiies are formed in the men.
The political edifice of the regiment (naval ship) includes'the regiment
(ship) deputy commander for political affaira, a propagandist, and club
director. In addition, the unit contains exempted party committee
(bureau) and Komsomol committee secretaries, who are elected by,the
established procedure. Battalions, combat departments of ships of rank �
1 and 2, as well as companies, batteries and squadrons contain deputy com- -
_ manders for political affairs.
The tasks assigned to the political workera of units and subunits are
determined by party and government decisiona, USSR Armed Forces regula-
tions, Instructions to CPSU aad Komsomol Organizations in the Soviet Army
and Navy, by orders and directives.
26
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The regiment (nava~ ship) deputy commander for political affairs organizea
- party-political work and bears direct responsibility for the state of thie
work. One of his main duties is organization and conduct of party-
political work to increase the combat readinesa of the regiment (ship).
He personally takes part in drawing up the combat and political training
pl~n, snpervises Marxist-Leninist traiaing of officers, teaches com- -
manders practical political-indoctrination work, plane and organizes
political instruction classes, propagandist-agitation and cultural-educa-
tional work. The most important area of his work is strengthening of one-
man command, discipline and the political-morale atate of peraonael. He
ronducts measures pertaining to organization of socialist competition.
The duties of the regiment (ship) deputy commander for political affairs
in the area of party work are diversified. He conetantly and deeply
examines the practical activities of party and Romsomol organizations,
~ regularly and systematically trains and indoctrinates party and Komsomol
activis~s.
The regiment (ship) propagandist is respons3ble for the status of
propagandist-agitation work and personally conducts propaganda among en- _
listed personnel, noncommissioned officera, warrant officers, and officers.
The propagandist supervises the activities of political instruction class -
group leaders, holds seminars for them, organizes exchange of experience
and know-haw, and verifies the ideological content of and methods employed
in conduc~ing political training classes. Together with subunit political
workers, the propagandist selects agitators and works with them. The club
director organizes club mass-political and cultural-educationa2. work,
diasemination of military-technical kaowledge, and eupervises the
liberary operation.
The taske of the regiment (ship) party co~ittee (bureau) secretary and
Komsomol committee secretary are apelled out in~the Instructions to CPSU
and Komsomol Organizations in the Soviet Army and Navy.
The duties of battalion deputy commanders for political af.fairs are for
the most part the same as those of thp reraiment deputy commander for ~
political aifairs, with the differeace that they are carried out on the
- scale of their subunits. ~
One of the important measures carried out by the party for the purpose of
strengthening the political edifice on the b~asis af the 21 January 1967
CPSU Central Committee decree entitled "On Measurea to Improve Party-
Political Work in the Soviet Army and Navy" was introduction of the
position of deputy co~nander for political affairs in companies, batteries,
squadrons and equivalent subunits. This 3mportaait political and vrganiza-
tional measure was dictated by a qualitati~ely new stage in development of
the Soviet Areied Forces, broadening of the tasks performed by them, en-
hancement of the role of moral-political and psqchological training of per-
sonnel, and incre~sed demands on combat readineas of units and subunits.
The Communist Party is constantly concerned with strengthening party-
political work in t:he army and nr~vy and endeavors to encompass all Soviet
27
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
~ux ur~r~lCiAL USE ONLY
- servicemen with political influence and to cransform the company, bat-
tery, aquadron and combat unit into a center of political-indoctrination
work with personnel. This defines the role and place of the subunit
political worker. _
L. I. Brezhnev highly praised the activities of political workers during
the yeara of the Great Patriotic War in his memoira entitled "Malaya
zemlya" [Little Land]. "Th~ genuine political worker in the army," stated
Leonid I1'ich, "is that person around whom people gather; he is l;horoughly
knowledgeable about their moods, needs, aspirationa and dreams, and he
leads them to self-sacrifice and heroic deed. And if one considers that
the fighting spirit of troops has always been acknowledged to be the most
important factor in troop staunchness, precisely the political worker was
given the sharpest weapon during the war years. He toughened and tem-.
pered the hearts and souls of the fighting men, without which neither
tanks nor guns nor planes would have brought us victory."18
Successful accomplishment of the taska aseigned to unit political agencies
and the party-political edifice depends in large measure on their work -
style and methods. The main thing in their activities is daily organiza-
tional and political work among the military peraonnel masaes. Following
are the most important features of their work style: a high ideological
_ level, high principles, purposefulness, a scientific, innovative approach
to solving current problems, unity of word and deed, strict planning and
execution, a high degree of organization, demandingness on oneself and
others, a close bond with the soldier masaes, regular and systematic
monitoring and verification of execution. Also characteristic of the work
style of political agencies and all army and navy political personnel is
a high degree of professionalism and a businesslike character, thorough
penetration into the essence and substance of combat and political train-
ing, and concern �or increasing the effectiveness of party-political work.
The CPSU Central Committee greeting ta Soviet Army and Navy political
agencies, commanders and political workers in connection with the 60th an- ~
niversary of establishment of the Republic Revolutionary Military Council -
Political Directorate states: "The Central Committee of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union expresses its firm conviction that army and
' navy political agencies, as directive party agencies of the CPSU in the
Armed Forces, and political workers ,jointly with commanders and all army
Communists, carrying out the resolutions of the 25th CPSU Congress, will
continue in the future making every effort to strengthen ties with the
mili~ary peraonnel masses, forming in them a scientific philosophical out-
look, total dedication to Communist ideals, love of the socialist tnms~d,
proletarian internationalism, with their impassioned party word and per-
- sonal example leading the men ta exemplary performance of their .
honorable duty to defend the peaceful labor of the Soviet people, the
cause of peace and socialism."19
Communist Party leadership and direction comprises the basic foundation of
S~viet military organizational development, the main source of the strength,
- 28
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
,
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
and might of the Soviet Armed Forces. Communist Party activities per-
- taining to guidance and direction of military organizational development
a~e of a multifaceted character and are increasing to an even greater extent
at the present ntage. This is a logical proce8a which is influenced by�
the international situation and by the increasing complexity and broaden-
ing of the miasions perfo~ed by the Soviet Armed Forcea pertaining to
defending the achievementa of our homeland and of the entire socialist
community.
FOOTNOTES
1. "Materialy XXV s'yezda KPSS" [Proceedings of the 25th CPSU Congress],
_ page 62.
2. "Konstitutsiya (Osnovnoy Zakon) Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh
Respublik" [Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics], Moscow, 1977, Article 6.
3. V. I. Lenin, "Poln. Sobr. Soch." [Complete Works], Vol 39, pp 151-152~
4. 'Rrogramma Kommunisticheskoy partii Sovetskogo Soyuza" [Progrsm of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union], Moscow, 1976, page 112.
5. Lenin, op. cit., Vol 40, pp 76-77.
6. "KPSS o Vooruzhennykh Silakh Sovetakogo Soyuza. Dokumenty 1917-1968" -
[The CPSU on the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. Do~uments, 1917-
1968], Moacow, 1969, pa$e 35.
7. Brezhnev, L. I., "Leninskim kuraom. Rechi i atat'i" [Following a
Leninist Cuurse. Speeches and Articles], Vol 2, Mnscow, 1973, page 49.
8. "Materialy XXV...," op. cit., page 83. _
9. Brezhnev, L. I., "Vo imya achast'ya sovetskikh lyudey" [In the Name of
Happiness of Soviet Citizens], Moscow, 1979, page 10.
10. Brezhn~v, L. I., "Velikiy Oktyabr' i progress chelovechestva" [The
- Great October Revolution aud Progress by MankindJ, Moscow, 1977, page 9.
11. See "KP SS o Vooruzhennykh...," op. cit., page 35.
12. "KPSS v rezolyutsiyakh i resh~niqakh s"yezdov, konferentsiy i plenumov
TsK" [The CPSU in Resolutions and Decisions of Coagresses, Conferences
and Central Cammittee PlenimmsJ, Eighth Edition, Vol 2, Moscow, 1970,
page 67.
13.: Lenin, op. cit., Vol 38, page 92.
29
FOR OFFICIAL LSE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
r~uK ur~r~l~tAL USL UNLY
14. "0 60-y godovshchize Velikoy Oktyabr'skoy sots3alisticheskoy
~ revolyutsii. Postanovleniye TsK KPSS ot 31 yanvarya 1977 goda" [On
the 6Gth Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution.
CPSU Central Committee Decree of 31 January 1977J, Moscow, 1977, page
17. -
15. "KPSS o Vooruzhennykh...," op. cit., page 106.
16. Ibid., pp 414-418.
17. "Materialy XXV...," op. cit., page 83.
18. Brezhnev, L. I., "Malaya zemlya" [Little Land], Moscow, 1978, page 24.
19. PRAVDA, 26 May 1979. ~
Conclusion
Under the guidance of the Communist Party of tiie Soviet Union, large and
complex tasks are being accomplished in this country pertaining to build-
ing the material and technological foundation for coammuniam, improvement
of societal relations and forming of the new man. The party is tireleae-
ly campaigning to secure favorable peaceful conditions for building com- ~
munism and is implementing a persistent and purposeful policy aimed at
further international d~tente and strengthening of world peace. The CPSU
~ is focusing constant attention on further strengthening this country's
defense capability, on leadership and direction of the Armed Forcea and im-
provement of army and navy combat readineas for defense of the achievements
of socialiam. Party-political work, the ideological and organizational ac- -
tivity of military councils, co~nanders, political agencies, party and ~
Komeomol organizations of army and navy are of enormous importance in ac-
- complishing all the tasks assigned to Soviet military personnel.
Studying problems of party organizational development and party-political
work in the Soviet Armed Forces, ~i.litary leader cadres and all army and
navy Communiats are arming themselves with knowledge of the Leniniet
principles of party leadership, the content, forms and methoda of organiza-
tional-party and ideological activity and the functions of political ~
agencies and party organizations both in peacetime and in a combat a~tua-
tion. This helps them more deeply analyze their practical activities, to
see the strong and weak points of theae activities, and to reach the
necessary conclusions, seeking increased effecti_venesa of party-political
work with personnel. '
Just as fulfillment of the demands of the 25th CPSU Congress on improving _
quality and effectiveness is being advanced to the forefront for the ~
country as a whole, it is acquiring primary signifir_ance in the area of
party-political work in the Soviet Armed Forces.
~
30 ~ '
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
; ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The category of effectiveness in the broad meaning of the word presup- ~
~ poses attainment of optimal resulta with the least expendituye of time
- and labor. Thia concept, however, cannot be adequately transferred from
the area of economics to processes of political work. Party-political
- work is effective when it introduces substantial changes into the con-
sciousness and deeds of Soviet military personnel. Therefore effective-
ness of party-poJitical work is defiaed as the degree of attainment of
stated objectives with optimal utilization of available capabilit~es.l In
a practical aspect as regards arnny and navy conditions, increase ~n its
effectiveness "signifiea strengthening of party influ~nce on all root
processes taking place in the Soviet Armed Forces, and particularly
strengthening of combat might and increasing troop combat readiness and
Ca~aunist ideologic~l. conditioning of personnel."~ Precisely tnis serves
as its main, principal criterion, expressing primarily the aggregate
results of party-political work over a comparatively e$tended period of
time. ~ _
By criteria of effectiveness of party-political work we mean those dis-
tinctive attributes on the basis of which one can judge achievements in
forming a Co~unist philosophical outlook and indoctrinatioa of Soviet
military personnel, ae well as increasing their social and sociopolitical
activeness.
Effectiveness of party-political work is manifested in two aspects: in
the consciousness and conduct both of individual military personnel and of '
large military collectives. In conformity with this it is also correct to
speak of groups of its criteria and indicea spiritual~and practical
(behavioral).
The spiritual and intellectual criteria of effectiveness of party-political
work include new knowledge, cognitive activity, Communist conviction,
ideological-theoretical competence, class maturity, sociopsy~hological
state, and orientation. The principal indicators of the spiritual-intel-
- lectual criteria of effectiveness are de~ree of conacious mastery and
depth of comprehension of the points of Marxiet--Leninist theory and CPSU
policy,'the tasks facing the Armed Forces, and striving by Soviet military
personnel toward intellectual impronement; level of formation in military
. personnel of diversified, stable and vigorous clase inter~sts, implacable
opposition to alien ideology, unscientific views, ideas and theories; the
. state of the public mood and public opinion.
The main criteria of effectiveness of party-political work in a practical
or behavioral form are military-labor and sociopolitical activeness, and
morality of cox~dunt by Soviet military personnel, and particularly Com-
munists and Komsomol members. Indicators of this group of criteria it~-
clude unity of views and actions, activenesss of life position, and con-
scientiousness in performing one's professional and civic obligations; ~
high quality of military labor, an endeavor more deeply to understand m~li-
_ tary affairs and to raise one's level of combat skill, combat readiness and
military discipline; exemplary performance by Communiats and Komsomol mem--
bers in combat aad political training; implacable opposition toward
31
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
i~.icau u.ra: v~\La
ahortcominga; ability to work on a volunteer baeie; innovative attitude
toward the Aaeigned task, and initiative; purity of moral counte~iance,
honesty, reAponsibility, willingness and ability for comradely mutual
assistance, etc. It is also correct to add to the indicators of this
group degree of preparedness and competence of political agencies, com-
manders, political workers, and party activists to conduct extenaive or-
ganizational and ideological activity among military personnel on per-
formance of tasks assigned to units and ahips.
The criteria of effectiveneas of party-political work in the Soviet Armed
Forces are very diversified.3 Their breadth is determined by.the character-
istic features of the Soviet way of life and the spiritual countenance of
Soviet military personnel. Effectiveness of political work is grounded on
the conscientiousness of military personnel, their Communist moral fiber, . '
which L. I. Brezhnev graphically defined as a fusing of knowledge, convic-
tion and practical action. The party sees in concrete deeds a measuring
stick of success of the political indoctrination of the masses.4
Thorough knowledge of the probleme of theory and practice of party organiza-
tional development and party-political work in the Soviet Armed Forces
enahles political agencies, commanders, political workers, and party orga-
- nizations to determine scientifically substantiated and proven ways to in-
crease its effectiveness in units and on naval ships, corresponding to the
level of the demands of the 25th CPSU Congress.5
Of fundamental significance among measures to achieve further improvement
o~' all party-politir_al work and attainmen~ o~ greater~effectivenesa is a
scientific approach to its organization in the army and navy. Its esseace
lies in the fact that all parlty-political work with personnel is organized
in conformity with Marxist-Leninist theory, with the principles of party
organizational development and CPSU policy, on the basis of scientific ~
methods of analyzing the processes of life and activity of military col-
lectives, taking into account new phenomena engendered by the evolution of -
military affairs, and the features of concrete conditions of the activities
of the unit (ship).
One of the decisive conditions for a general upsurge in effectiveness of
political work is continuous improvement in the moral-political and profea-
sional qualities of command and political cadres and an increas~ in their
competence and responsibility for assigned areas; thE ability to concen-
trate the efforts of subordinatea on the main, root questions of improving
yuality of combat and political training, accomplishing the tasks of com- ~
bat readiness and strengthening military discipline, self-critically and
objectively to evaluate achievements, to reveal ehortcomings, as well as -
all-out development of innovativeness and initiative on the part of per- -
sonnel and unswerving observance of the Leninist principles of organiza-
tion of socialist competition.
32
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
Improvement in effectiveness of paxty-political work presuppoaes daily im- "
provement of ideological work in the artny and navy and qualitati,ve itn-
provement in the ideological conditioning of Sovint mil~tary pe~;:sonnel.
The proceedings of the 25th CPSU Congreas and the parlty Central Committee
decree entitled "Oa Further Improving Ideological and Political~-In-
doctrination Work" note the importance of a comprehensive approach to '
statement of the entire question of indoctrinatiou. Applied to army and
navy conditions, it enables one effectively to form. in military personnel
excellent moral-political and fighting qualities and organically to com-
bine teaching servicemen military skill with political and moxal indoctxina-
tion, instilling in personnel a high degree of discipline, respect for
Soviet laws, and observance of the standards of sacialist morality.
. Cummunists are the acknowledged vanguard ~,i tt~e Armed Forces. The ef-
fectiveness of party-political work depends in large measure on their
gctive participation in the work of army and navy party organizations,
skillful placement of Communists in decisive sectors, and further
strengthening of the party organizations ef aubunits. The interests of
increasing ita effectfveness are also served by mastery by commanders,
political agencies and party ac~iviete of modern methoda of planning
ideological and organizational work with pereonnel and improvement of
work style and system of monitoring and verifying execution of decisions.
The task of improving the quality and effecti~reness of party-political
work in the army and navy occupies a central position in the activities
of m i li tary cadres. Profound knowledge of theory of party organiza-
tional development, the scientific foundations, laws, patterns and Lenin~�
ist principles of party-political work, and akilled utilization of the
rich arsenal of forms, methods and means of ideological influence on per-
sonnel makes it poasible succesafully to resolve the problems,of raising
their ideological and organizational activities in the area of implementing
CPSU policy in the army and navy, indoctrination of Soviet military per- -
sonnel on the i:~als of Marxism-Leninism, and mobilization of military
peraonnel for accomplishing the complex tasks facing ttie USSR ArmPd Forces
in the area of reliable detense of the socialist homeiand.
- ~ FOOTNOTES
1. See A. A. Yepishev, "Nekotoryye voprosy ideologicheskoy raboty v
Sovetskikh Vooruzhennykh Silakh" [Some Problems of Ideological Work in
the Soviet Armed Forces], Mnscow, 1975, page 45. -
2. "Praktika partiynoy raboty v armii i flote" [Practical Party Work in
the Army and NavyJ, Mosc:+w, 1977, page 20. �
' 3. For a discussion of the theoretical principles of determining criteria
of party-political work, see "Rou~unisticheskaya propaganda: voprosy
33
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
Fox orrlClAL USE ONLY
teorii i metodiki" [Communist Propaganda: Problems of Theory and
Methodology], Moscow, 1974, pp 172-206; A. A. Yepishev, "Nekotoryye
voprosy i3eologicheskoy raboty v Sovetskikh Vooruzh~nnykh Si.lakh"
[Some Problems of Ideological Work in the Soviet Prmed Forces], Mos-
_ cow, 1975, pp 45-61; P. V. Pozdnyakov, "Effektivnost' Kommunisti-
cheskoy propagandy" [Effectiveness of Communist Propaganda], Moscow,
1975, pp 241-294.
4. See "Materialy XXV s'yezda KPSS" [Proceedings of the 25th CPSU Con-
gress], page 76.
5. See "Praktika partiynoy raboty...," op. cit., pp 20-33.
COPYRIGHT: Voyeniadat, 1979
3024
CSO: 1801
~
_ 34 ~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
BOOB DESCRIBES BASIC MILITARY TRIIINING MATERIAL
Moscox SBORNIK MpTERIpI,pV PO NACHAL'NOY VOYENNOY PODGOZpyI{E in Russian 19'T9
signed to press 12 Dec 78 pp 1-11~ 118-121 _
[Table of Contents and two sections of book compiled by A. I. Averin, M. A. -
Belikov and Yu. P. Subbotnik]
[Excerpts~ Title Page:
Title i SBORTTIK MAZLRIAIAV PO NACHAL'NOY VOYENNOY PODGO~VKE [Digest
of Materials on Basic Military Training]
Publisher: Prosveshchenixe
Place and year of publication: Moscow~ ~979
Signed to Press Date~ 12 December 1978
1Vumber of Copies Published~ 120,000
Number of Pag+es: 176
Brief Descriptions
The book ha,s been recommended. by the Main Directorate of Schools~ USSR
Ministry of Ed.uca'.tion.
Organizational and instructional. methods recommendations on planning and -
conductin~ basic military training in,schools, safety measures and.rules
during classes on this subject, and several norm documents are loca,ted in
this digest to help military leaders.
The.fo~sth edition of the digest has been subjected to considerable re-work-
ing: docwnents containing recommendations on equipping and improving the
training and material base for basic military training, t,he ~~Statute on the
All-Union Komsomol Military Sports Game~ 'Orlenok"; "On Approving the List -
of Visual Training Handbooks and Trainin~ Equipment for Basic Military Tra1n-
ing", etc., have been included in it.
35
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
L'Vl~ Vi'a 1VLt1L UJL' Vl\Ll
The third edition was put out in 1976.
Table of Contents Page
Improving Basic Military Training in a School 3
Defending the Socialist Homeland (Extracts ~om the Constitutiori"
of the DSSR) 12
On Universal Military Service 13
A n Instructional Methods Zetter on the Work of the Military
Instructor in a School 18
Instructional Methods Recommendations on the Military Patriotic
Indoctrination of Students in General Educational Schools
During Non-Class Time ~F
,
- Norms for Evaluating the Knowled.ge,Abilities~and Skills of Students
in 9th (lOth) - lOth (llth) Classes in Basic Military Training... 77
On Approving the List of Typical Visual Training Handbooks and
_ Training Equipment for Ba,sic M ilitary Training in General ~
Educational Schools 106
- Recommendations of the All-Union Seminar of Ba,sic Military Training
Instructional Methods Study Room Managers ~Lnstructional Method-
ologists) in Advanced Training Institutes for Teachers on
Further Improving Work With the Military Instructors of
Genera.l Education Schools and Pedagogical Institutions 118
The Statute on the Al1-Union Komsomol Military Sports Game,
- "Orlenok" 121 -
_ Safety R ules and Measures When Conductfng Basic Miiitary Training
Classes in Secondary Gen~ral Educational Schools and
Pedagogical Institutions 131 ' -
Recommendations on -E,~.uipping and Improving the Txaining I~Iaterial
- Base for Basic Military Training in a General Educational
School~ Secondary Special Educational Institute~ Professional -
and Technical Education School, and a Training Center............ lk2
The Decree on a Mass Sports Camp for Youth 167 -
?
Improving Basic Military Training in a School ~ -
In accordance with the USSR 1aw, "On Universal Military Service," -
Basic nilitary training for upper class students has been introduced into
36
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R004200070043-9
FOR OFFICIAL USS ONLY
general educational schools. A crucial task h,as been given to the school--
to p~reF,are youth to carzy out an honorable patriotic dutyt the performance
of service in the USSR a~ed forcea~ and defend the sociali~t homeiaad.
The party and government are taking all neceasary steps to further strengthen _
the country's defensive capabili~~ies and imp~dve the poxer of the Soviet
army and navy. In its work in the field of military construction, o~ party
- proceeds from the fact that strengthening the country's defense capabilities
ar?d the military might of the armed forces is a task for a17,-the people~
especially youth.
The 24th and 25tb CPSU congresses pointed out the need to increase our
motherlar.d's defensive might and instil in Soviet people a spirit of high
vigilance and constant readiness to defend the ~eat accomplishments of
socialism. L. I. Brezhnev said in the CPSII Central Committee's report to
the 25~h CPSU Con~ess: "Stsengtheniaig the ideas of Soviet patriotism and _
socialist internationalism, p~ide3on the country of the Soviets at]d in our
motherland, and the readiness to rise to the defense of socialism's accomplish-
meni;s in the consciousness of the xorkers, especially the ~roynger generation~
has been and remains one of thE party's very important tasks."1 In connection
xith this~ a schcol's xork in further imp~oving the military and patriotic
indoctrination of 3oviet youth and forming high moral, psychological and
physical qualities in them is acquiring special importance.
The shortening of the pe~fods of service in the armed forces and the equipping
of the army and navy with the la.test equipment and xeapons re~uire an
increase in the quality of the youths' basic military training before their
call up for active military service. .
It is knoHn what great importance V. I. I,enin attached to the workers'
military training. He ~rrote: "Neither in peacetime nor in wartime can one
forget... about the science of firing, about sp~eading the ABC's of military -
affairs xidely and deeply a~aong the masses."2 Under modern conditions, the
"A3C's" of mi~itary affairs are directly linked trith the basic military
~ training which is conducted for 140 hours frith studen~ts in the Ath (lOth) and
- lOth (llth) classes of general educational schools. Two hours�a�~eek in
; the 9th (lOth~and lOth (llth) classes are allotted in a school's training
plan for studying military affairs and the fundamentals of civil defea~se.
Basic military training is a very important component of the overall system ~
for pre~aring youth to serve in the armed forces and p~tect the Soviet
~ motherland and socia.I;sm's accomplishments. Its basic task consists of
giving pre-induction an~ induction ag+e youth the necessary Iuiowledge and
skills,eq~,;~. a soldier's individual. t,raining~ and the app~op~iate military
and patriotic inaoctrination so that. when they axe inducted into the armed
forces, ~hey;xill be able to master modern weapons and military equipment in
, a short time.
- 37
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
-
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
run urrll:lAL U~~ UNLY
During the basic military training process, students must learn Lenin's
precepis on defending +he socia3lst motherland~a~se~ the party's and govern- -
ments decisions on questions about building and strengthening th9 Soviet
army and navy; understand the historic purpose.of the Soviet armed forces,
their nature and distinctive features; and be imbued with the awareness that
~ service in th~ USSR armed forces is the honorable duty of Soviet citizens.
During the classes~ the futu~e fighting men must be acquainted with a sold-
ier's actions during combat, study the basic requirements of the military
oath and troop regulatlons, the construction of an automatic rifle and light
ma.chine gun~ a,nd receive pra,ctice in fixing small caliber rifles and--when
possible--live rounds from an automatic rifle. ~ -
The military technical training provided for`by the pro~am in schools
permits upp e xclassmen to acquire basic knowledge and skills in one of tt~e
: military te~hnical specialties: vehicle driv~er;rmotorcyclist, radio-telephone -
operator, electriciazi, surveyor, tractor operator (for rural schools), and
- other specialties;
- During:classes on civil defense students study the characteristics of the
enemy's weapons of mass destxuction, ways to protect against them~and radia,-
tion and chemical reconnaissance instruments; and acquire practical skills
in u.sing individual a.~~d collective protection equ.ipment.
Girls in the 9th - lOth classes stttd;y th~ fundamentals of military affd~xs
and civil defense together with the young men, and acquire a combatant's
knowledge and skills separately f~om them. '
. While st~zdying all the sections and topics in the basic military training
progra,m, the upperclassmen receive the necessa~y moral, political~ psych-
ological and physical training; and acquire high discipline, organiza,tionay
and drl].1 skills in accordance with the requixements of txoop regulations
and future military service in the rar~ks of the Soviet army and navy. One of -
the most important ta.sks of basic military ixaining is to instil in the
students dr~votion to the Communist Party and the socialist motherland and
inculcate in them a respect for the glori.ous Soviet armed forces, an interest
- in military service and a desire to follow the profession of a Soviet ~fficer.
In order to strengthen the knowledge and skills acquired during basic military
- training classes~ five days (30 hours) have been allotted to 9th c?ass youth
for practical classes during the summer production practical work. As a
- rule~ these classes are conducted at a training ba.se looked after by troop
units and military sports camps. During these classes, youth are acqua,inted
with military equipment and weapons and the accomodations and life of unit
personnel,and 'fire live rounds from an automatic rifle. Where possible~ they
are shown the equipment and weapon in action.
Duxing non-class time, milita,ry training, popular scientific documentary, -
and military patriotic fiL~ns are shown for the students; and e3rcles on the _
E
; 3g
= FOR dFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
a
fundamenta,~~-of military affairs and the study of equipment and weapons; ~
paramil~.tary games and trips; and visits to troop units where the upperalass-
men are acquainted with the life~ living condition~ and traini.ng of soldiers,
the comba,t traditions of subunits and units,and weapons and combat equipmentj
are organized. To help scKool directors and military instructors, the USSR "
Ministry of Education has dev~eloped and issued sample circle and deps~rtment
progr~,m~ on the fundamentals of military affairs. As a rule~ the ci~a~le's
work on studying equipment and weapons is conducted separately with 9th and
lOth class students.
' The film centers of military districts and garrisons must pick out popular
scient!.fic~ documentary, a,nd military patriotic film~ for the schools in the
prescribed order without collecting payment for their rental. Training films
are shown simultaneously to the entire 9th class and separately to the entire
lOth class~ and sometimes jointly to the 9th and lOth classes i.~ accordance
xith the basic military pro~ram and training plan.
Tenth class experience in conductinp; basic military training has demonstrated
its vitality~ need and effectiveness. Evezywhere it has been noted that the
introduction of basic militaxy training con~.ributes to improving the entire ~
system of txaining and indoctrinational work in a school~ raising the students'
discipline and organizational ability, and preparing in a better qualified -
way youth for military service in the Soviet army and navy.
Letters and testimonials f~eAuently arrive in schools f~om troop unit command-
ers. They convincingly sho~r tnat basic milita.ry training is exerting a
positive influence on the formation of the young fighting fien. The letters
_ pointed out tha.t your,g man, who have received not only the necessary knowlege
and skills in the fundamentals of military affairs but also the apprvcp~iate
moral and psychological p~eparation for militazy service in the armed forces,
are atxiving in the army. School graduatesrwho have undergone basic militaxy
training, quickly enter into the rhythm of army service and successfully
- master the conditions and requirements of military life. The knowledge of -
_ the fundamentals of' military affairs permits them to master combat equipment -
and 'weapons more successfully. Many second~ary shool gra,duates become exceil-
ent soldiers in comba.t and political t,raining du~ing their first year of
military service, and then rated specialists. School milita.ry instructors
also receive many letters from their former stud.ents which gratefully note
that the basic military training, received i.n the school, mad.e their mastery -
of combat equipment and the performaaice of military service much ea,sier.
The quali~y of the ba.sic military training and its indoctrinational si~i-
- ficance is directly dependent on the military instructor's military and
pedagogical qualification level~ and on his ideological and political -
mat~mity and instructional methods skill. The well Iulown Leninist statement
that in any school, the ideol'~gical and politica'1 direction of classes is -
entirely and exclusively determined by the composition of the lecturers,
pertains cwnpletely and fu~ly to..t1~Q..ro1~ of mj;litary instructors in the
students' ba.sic military training and pa,triotic indoctxination. _
39
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
cv.. vrriVleu. ua~. Ur11,Y
_ At the present time, military instxuctors~ p~imaxily from the~ranks of
reserve officers~ conduct basic military training in secondary achools. The
majority of them axe CPSU members and many were participasLts in the Great
Patriotic War. They are�ideologi~ally tempered people who possess multifacet-
ed milit~.ry Irnowledge and grea,t life and military experienc~.
Being bearers of the glorious comba.t traditions of our people and their
_ armed forces~ they successfully carry out the upperclassmen's militaxy train-
ing and actively participate in military pa,triotic work~ instilling in the -
- students the continuity of generations and devotion ~to the socialist mother-
land, Communist Party and Soviet people--thoroughly prepaxing the youth for
military service in the ranks of tl~e Soviet army and navy.
The majority of military instructors conduct classes at a high ideological~
_ theoretical and instructional methods level, ensuring the students' f~rm
_ and deep knowledge of the fundamentals of milita,ry affai.rs. They skilfully
carry out the training in close union with ideological, pol3tical~ and -
military pa,txiotic -indoctr~~ation; and make wj.de use of material from the
2Sth CPSU Congress, CPSU Central Committee plenums~ the new Constitution of
the USSR~ and other~'party and government decision~ ~uring the lessons. -
In order to successfully carry out the critical ta,sk of preparing youth to
defend the socialist homeland~ the military inst,ructor must not only possess
deep military knowledge and high moral and pc~litical qualities but also be
_ able to txansmit the know~edge to his pupils and mastex methods for training
schoclboys. Without pedagogical ~mowledge arid instructional methods skills~
it is difficult, to count on carrying out the tra.ining and indoctxination of
youth successfully.
At the same time, quite a few reserve officers and sergeants~ the majority of
whom do not have a teaching education and experience in working with school-
boys~ are working in general educa,tional schools and peda,gogic institutions
as military instructors. Many of them violate the elementaxy requirements
of modern didactics and instructional methods. They do not know how to
divide up training time correctly, they cover new material sug~erficially;
they do not consider the connection between su~jects; they often replace a
lively narration with dictated material from a training handbook, military
- regulations and manuals; they devote little time to the students' practical
_ training and the use of active training methods~ visua,l aids and technical
training systems; they do not display the required exactingness toward the
students' observance of prescribed rules of conduct; they do not achieve
high discipline, organizational ability and drill appearance. These militasy
_ instructors very much need to raise pedagogical qualifications; they need
systematic instructional methods help,especially on ways to organize and '
conduct basic military training lcasses.
During recent yeaxs, a definite syrstem for raising the qualiflcations of
school militaxy instructors has ta,ken shape in the-ma.jority of the country's
_ republi~s and oblasts. All newly appointed military instructors undergo a
40
FOR OFFICIAL USE OIJLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
month's orientation courae at a troop unit base. Many military instructora
ase trained during qualification raising coursea at advanced training instit-
utes for teachers. The refreshe-~ training of military inat,ructors during
courses is repeated every five years. Instructional methods a.ssociations of
military instructors have been created in each rayon (city). Monthly classes.
an exchange of work experience~ and during school vacati~:;~__ ~eminar `
classes are conducteci on ineir oasis. Every fourth military instructor, who
does not have a higher eaucation, studies at the correspondence or evening
departments of tea,ching institutes. As a rule, one day a week is allotted
to military instxuctors in a11 the countxy's schools for the ra3sing of their
qualifications. Many school directors and teaching institute directors
have begun to provide more effective help to military instructors in the
p~eparation and :,�onduct of lessons.
However, in a number of oblasts, rayons and republics, the necessary attention
is not being pa,id to the selection of military instructors, their pedagogic-
al training and the raising of their qualifications.
The work of some advanced training inst~tutes for teachers is not always
satisfactory. In some of them, they do not involve officers f`rom troop units -
and civil defense staffs a.nd instructors f`rom the military depaztmenta of
- institutes and military trairiing establishments in the conduct of classes
= xith military instructors dtmi.ng the courses.
In a number of advanced training institutes for teachers, the progressive
experience of military instxuctors i s not studied and disseminated sufficient-
ly, and they do not ,~ive them effective instructional methods help. There- ~
_ fore~ the educational organs and the directors of advanced training institutes
for teachers must pa.y special attention to ra,ising the qualifications of
_ military instructors and devote sErious attention to this wark.
Some school directors, thinking that their knowledge of the fundamentals of
military affairs is insufficier~t~ transfer a11 basic militax~y training -
questions to the jurisdiction of the military instructor, they do not checY
on his classes, and ~hey do not give him the necessary instructional methods
help.
At the sarae time, the functional duties of officials and the procedu~e for
organizing basic military training in a school are accurately explained in
the Statute on Basic Military Z`raining. The military instructor is directly
responsible for the students' military training, and the school disector
enstses the high qual.ity conduct of classes according to the basic military
training program and directs the pedagngical activity of the teacher's
col~.ective towaxd the carrying out of the students' military pa,triotic
indoctrination during class and non-class studies.
_ Experience from conducting basic military training in schools convincingly
shows that a director~ who possesses a lot of administrative and pedagog3cal
41
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
r~n vrrlt,t~it., Ua~ UdLY
_ work experience~ can provide considerable~ highly qualified instructional
- methods help to a military instxuctor in his peda,gogical groxth.
- ?t is also neceseary to remember that the tho r ough preparation of etudents
zo defend ihe 5oviet motherland is the critioal task of the school's entire
pedagogical collective and that the ideological, nzoral and psychological
preparation of the students to defend the socialist homeland is accomplished
in the entire system of training and instructional ~rork, primarily during
the training process. Therefore, each teacher in the school must in
organic union wi�h the material being studied--skilfully and intelligibly �
explain to the students the inte~national policy of the party and the Soviet
government and questions a~out strengthening the country's defensive capab-
ilities; demonstxate the historic assignment of the Soviet armed forces;
instil love for the Soviet army, military a.ffairs and the military profess-
ion; form the moral and political qualities which are needed by a future
defender of the motherland and hatred for imperialism; and, where possible
also communicat~ the elements of military knowledge. The lesson system for
general educational subjects forms in the,students a Marxist-I~eninist world
- outlook~ develops a class approach to the analysis of social phenomena~ and
puts a f irm foundation under the deep and conscious love for the socialist
motherland.
In connection with the growing complication of military affairs~ require-
ments have grown on the non-Russian fighting men's knowledge of the Russian
language. In the army, the training of fighting men is conducted in the
R ussian ianguage. M. I. Kalirin~ an outstanding $gure in the Communist �
Party and Soviet government who devoted a lot of attention to the indoc-
_ trination of youth and Soviet fighting men, has saido "You will not manage
in the army without the Ru s sian language. Our regulations axe drawn up in
Russian. Combat orders are written and commands issued in it. Russian
serves as the la.nguage of intercourse between a11 USSR peoples. Russi.a.~
is the language of Lenin."3
The basic military training of upperclassmen--whose main goal is to prepare
youth for service in the army--must absolutely be conducted in the Russian ~
language regardless of what language the training in other subjects is
conducted in. The interests of preparing youth for the country's defense
and of raising the combat capabilities of our armed forces require this.
Successful training in military affairs requires that the training material
base for basic military training be improved, that the equipment of military
study rooms be constantly renewed and replenished, and that visua,l training
aids and technical training systems be acquired and skilfully used during
the training process, The question of constructing shooting ranges for
firing small caliber rifles is especially acute~. The experi,ehQe of a number
of oblast educational organs~ which have organized the construction of
shooting ranges on shared beginnings with professional technical schools~
military commissariats and DOSppF committees, deserves attentiqn.
_ ~ ~
42 ~
FOR OFFICIAI, USE dNLY
~ ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
The basic military training of upperclassmen in general educational schools
is a matter of great state importance. It requires the great attex~tion of
educational organs~ pedagogic collectives and the social organizations of
the schools.
~ The level of basic military t.raining and military patxiotic indoctxination
_ in schools must answer the requirements of the USSR law "On Universal
Military Service~" the decisions of the 25th CPSU Congress~ and the decrees
of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet government.
A. I. Averin~ Chief of the Basic Militaxy
Training Section of the USSR Ministry of
Education and honored RSFSR school teacheT,
Recommendations of the All-Union Seminar of $asic Military Training Instruct-
ional Methods Study Room Managers (Instructional Methodologists~ in ~dVanced
Training Institutes for Teachers on Further Improving Work With the Milita~y
Instructors of General Education Schools and Pedagogical Institutions.
Appendix to the USSR Ministry of Education Instructional Letter dated 25
August 1977~ No. 56-r[.
The 25th CPSU Congress pointed out the need to raise the level of
training and indoctrlnational work in secondary schools, improve the
equipping of training and instructional methods study rooms, and bring train-
ing methods in accord. with the requirements of modern life.
= Guided by these decisions, the participants in the All-Union seminar examin-
ed the state of the students' basic military txaining and the condition of
military pa,triotic indoctrination work with military instructors. They
consider their primary tasks to be:
improving the work of raising military instructor cadre qualifications based
on their thorough ideological, political~ theoretical and instructional
met~ods re-training;
studying and disseminating progressl.ve experience accumulated.in basic
military training; and
raising the quality of developments in instructional methods materials and
- providing more effective help to the instxuctional methods associations of
- military instructors.
In order to further improve the work with school and pedagogical institution
military instructors, it is necessary: _
to take ateps to carefully select and appoint instxuctors for the courses
to raise the qualifications of military instructors; regularly examine and
43
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY .
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
- rva~ vrr t~.tKL UDG V1YLI i
discuss the plans and contents of lectures and cla.ss, group and practical
_ lessons in the study room's council or lecturer's aktiv; �
_ to distribute students among �.hP tAraininoa ~~,,~Y~ i;; ~~~~_,~~n~o ;.~i�h
their education and work experiencei
to pay special attention to increasing the instructional methods train-
ing of military instxuctors and developing in them the ability and skills
to work on their own with txaining literature. It is advisable to have in
the study room a graph on the progress of the courses to raise the qua,].i-
fications of oblast, kray and city military instructors. This graph must
_ be conveyed to each military instructor and ensure his timely and qualita,-
� tive performance without allowing a decrease in the num~er of students in
the courses and in the periods of their training. Along with overall course
training, it is necessaxy to organize and conduct on a wider basis special ~ _
purpose courses on specific questions in the training and indoctrinational
work of military instructors, continuously operating seminars~ and lectures
and tutorials on the most important subjects in basic military training and
in raising the qualifications of militaxy instructorst
--to improve the work of studying, summing up and disseminating progressive
experience in basic militaxy training and the mili~tary pa,triotic indoctrina-
tion of students in schools and pedagogical schools. The dissemination of
progressive experience must be accomplished by publishing articles with
instructional methods ad�rice in the periodic presst~~ putting out digests
and brochures; publicizing this experience in le~tures and reports~ during
seminar classes in the courses to raise qualifica~ions, conferences and
meetings~ and in the visual agitation of ~he advanced training institutes
for teachers. The systematized and summed up material must be brought to
the attention of all directors and military instructors in schools and
- pedagogical institutions no less than once a year. On the basis of the
summed up experience, it is necessary to prepare and submit fortithe exam-
ination of educational organs proposals to improve the students' training
and indoctrination.
--to improve the preparation of training and instructional materials to
help military instructors and raise their ideological~ theoretical and
instructional methods level. Manuscripts of instructional methods develop-
ments~ handbooks, and recommendations should be examined in the councils
of instructional methods study rooms. The most quallfied military instruct-
ors, VUZ military department instructors as well as ones in the peda.gogic
and psychology depaxtments, military commissariat officers~ and workers in
national education organs and advanced training institutes for teachers
must be included in the composition of author's collectives. _
to develop a set of training and instructional me-thods materials and
visual aids which a militarl~ instructor must use when preparing a,nd conduct-
ing each class;
44
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
to d.irect the work of instructional methods associations toKard provid-
ing mor~ effective help to milita.ry instructors in preparing for clasaes~
and searclii~ for more grecise forms and methods for conducting �he~nf one
s~~:e ~r:,~ar ~a u~ ~?u~n iorms oi insT.ruciional meinods worlt as the
ron3uct and discussion of open lessons, instructional method.s classses~
- disenssions of lesson plans worked up by military instructors for the
- coming lessons~ etc.; ~
- to provide a military instructor ~rith help in his self-education work
by compiling for Y~im lists of recommended literature on the different
subjects in basic militaxy training and military patriotic indoctrination~
developing themes for papers and course projects~ arranging tutorials on
completing these papers a~d projects, and exercising contxol over the
progress of the militaxy instruc~or's independent work;
to devel~g~ together xith the other instructional methods study rooms
in the a,dvanced training institutes for teachers, proposals for realizing
the links between basi.c military training subjects and general education
subjects, especially with history, social science~ literature, physical
training, chemistry~ physics, etc.;
- to establish closer ties between instructional methods study rooms, '
basic military training, educational organs~ military commissariats~ local
CD staffs, Komsomol and DOSAAF Committees, public health organs~ and the
_ Red Cross and Red Crescent Society on a11 questions which form the goals
and content of the students' basic military training and military pa,triotic
indoctrination.
In order to ensure the successful solution of the tasks to further improve
work with military instructors~ the seminar participants consider it necess-
ary to complst~ the creation and equipping,of basic military txaining
instructional methods stud.y rooms in all advanced training institutes for
teachers in the near future in accordance with the instsucti~nal letter
- of the USSR Ministxy of Education aa,tea. 16 January 1974~� No.05 -14 -13 IN,
"About Using in Work the Rscommend~ations on the Insti'uctional Methods ~
Study Rooms of Advanced Tra,ining Institutes for Tea.chers" and regularly--
. no less than once every five years conduct at central (republic~ advanced
training institutes for teachers courses to raise the qualifica.~Cions of
basic military training instructional methods study room managers (instruct-
ional methodologists) located in oblast, kray and republic advanced training -
institutes for teachers.
FOOT N07ES
1. "Materialy XXY s"yezda KPSS" [25th CPSU Congress Materials], Moscow~
1976, p 75. .
2. V. I. Lenin, "Poln. sobr. soch." [Complete Collection of.Worksa Yol `
lo, p 358.
~+5 =
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY .
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
3. M. I. Kali.nin, "0 ~mmunisticheskom vospitanii" [On Communi.st Indoc-
trination], Moscow 1947, p 177.
COPYRIGHTs Izdatel'stvo "Prosveshcheniye", 1979
- 8802
C50 i 1801 ~
~+6 ;
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
BOOK EXCERPTS: BALLISTIC MISSILE DESIGN
Moscow INZHENERNOYE PROYEKTIROVANIYE UPRAVLYAYEMYKH BALLISTICHESRIKH RARET S
RDTT ~NGINEER DESIGN OF BALLISTIC MISSILES WI~'H SOLID FUEL IIVGINES7 in
Russian 1979 signed to press 7 Mar 79 pp 1-5, 38, 83, 146, 184, 240
[Annotation, Table of Contents, Foreword, Excerpts from chapter~ 1-5, ana
Bibliography from book by Yuriy Mikhaylovich Nikolaqev and Yuriy Semenovich
Solomonov, Voyenizdat, 5,500 copies, 240 pages] -
[Excerpts] The book presents methods of desi~ing guided ballistic missiles
with solid fuel engines which are used primarily in the initial stage of
designing a missile system. It demonstrates the importance of these methods
for substantiating deci~ione going into the development of a misaile and for
updating poseible values of its flight performance. -
The book i.~ intended for spe~ialists working in the field of misaile tech- _
nology and for students in senior courses of higher educational institutiona
familiar with the fundamentals of missile designing.
Material presented in the book ta based on data published in open Soviet and
foreign presa.
Contents
Page
Foreword 4
Chapter 1. General Information on Guided Missiles -
1. Basic Requirements for UBR [Guided Ballistic Missiles) 5
2. Concise Information on Design and Flight of UBR 9
3. Stages in Building a UBR and Problems Solved in Designing 23
4. Concept on Effectiveness of Missile Systems and Criteria for Its
Evaluation 27
Chapter 2. Fundamentals of UBR Flight Theory
1. UBR Flight in ~'assive Leg of Tra~ectory gg
2. UBR Flight in Ac~ive Leg of Tra3ectorq 46
3. Power Engineering Capabilities and Maximwn Flight Range of UBR 56
~+7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Page
4. Hit Accuracy of GCh [Re-Entry Vehicle] 66
5. Basic Concepts of Dynamic Features of UBR 76
Chapter 3. Characteristics of Component Elements of Solid Fuel UBR
1. Re-Entry Vehicle, System for Penetrating Missile Defenses, and
Control System of UBR 83
2. Solid Rocket Fuels and Their Basic Characteristics 91
~ 3. Solid Fuel Rocket Engines 101
4. Control P~tembers of Solid Fuel Missiles 130
5. Characteristice of Material Used in Miasile Building 137 ~
Chapter 4. Preparation of Initial Data for Design
1. Tasks and Content of Ballistic Design 146
2. Forming the Payload 149
3. Evaluating the Range of Values of Basic UBR Characteristics 156 ~
4. Selecte~i Features of the Choice of CertRin Fundamental and
Desigiz Solutions 164
5. Features of the Selection of a Solid Fuel 174
C'hapter 5. Determining Design Parameters of UBR
1. Design Parameters and Methode of Their Determination 184
2. Analysis of Geometric and Mass Characteristics of Solid
Fuel Missiles 191
3. Approximate Ballis tic Analysis of UBR 22p
4. Effect of Change in Certain Parameters on Flight Performance
of UBR 22~
Bibliography 240
Foreword
Designing guided ballistic miesiles is a complex and important stage in
their development. Interrelated problems on the missile as a whole and on
its individual systems and elements must be solved in the process. This _
_ procedure presumes the systematization and generalization of accwnulated
experience in missile building and the development of new methods for com- -
plex analysis of the missile which ta~Ce fuller account of the mutual effect
= of individual technical solutions.
This book makes an attempt to present the content of inethoda for designing
guided ballistic missiles with solid fuel rocket ~ngines which are being
used in engineering practice in the initial design stage.
Chapter 1 provides general information about guided ballietic missilea and
on stages and taslta in designing. It also providea the concept of the
effectiveness of missile systeme.
Chapter 2 presents fundamentals of flight theory of balliatic misailes and
their control to the extent necessary for rational selection of basic design
parameters of a missile in ballistic designing.
48
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
= FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Chapter 3 contains basic information on the design and operating principle
nf tha nrimnr.~ ~a~omlrliuc an~ aooron~tuo nf ~ anlirl fitPl miog~7`~ yn~1'~rlino
r - ~ -oo- -o.. ~
re-entry vehicles, control systema, means of protection against missile
defenaes, aystems supporting their functioning, solid fuel charges, and con-
trol and stabilization members. -
Subaequent chapters provide a detailed analysis of the sCage of preparation
and aubatantiation of basic initial data for ballistic design, and they
revegl the taska and content of thia important etage in the procesa of
designing the overall missile.
Design methods of performing power-weight, geometric, and ballistic analyses
. are provided, as applicable to the features of selected type schematic ard design
diagrams of missiles ~dtheir elements, which allaw establishing a link
between the basic missile design parameters and its flight performance.
The facts and figures given in the book are based on material of the open
Soviet and for~ign press.
Chapter 1: General Information on Guided Missiles
Guided ballistic missile (UBR) is the term customarily given to an unmanned
flying craft provided with rocket engines and a control system (SU) and
intended to deliver a re-entry vehicle (GCh) to the target along a trajec-
tory which, for its primary extent, represents that of the flight of a _
freely thrown object.
The UBR is a component of the miseile system (RK). which also includes
ground launch equipment assembliea supporting the launch preparations and
launch ~f the missile. For this reason the design of the UBR cannot be
viewed in isolation from design of the RR.
The process of creating a UBR is very complex and many-sided. The content
of this process is determined by demancls placed on the UBR and RK as a whole
being developed as well as by schematic and design solutions adopted and
which determine the missiles' design and functioning in flight and their
effectiveness of operating at the target. Let us examine the primary
stages in the development and tasks accomplished in designing the UBR.
Chapter 2: Fundamentals of UBR Flight Theory
The science of ~.issile flight (the term "external ballistics" also is wide-
spread in the literature) is a further development and practical application
of dynamics of movement of a solid body. In the general case, the flight
theory of UBR ir~volves the solution to the following primary tasks:
--calculating ti~ tra~ectory and other basic characteristics of movement of
missiles with known characteristics;
49
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
+
--determining optimum regimes of movement and flight tra~ectories; ,
--analysis of missile stabilization and conditions for controlling it;
--a study of the influence of various disturbing factors on missile flight
characteristics.
The Soviet and foreign literature presently reflects matters relating to
missile flight theory rather fully and widely. Therefore this chagter will
examine briefly the basic provisions and principles representing the
greatest practical interest in designing in the initial development stage.
b1s shown by the practice of forei gn missile building, a knowledge of this '
information is needed above all for rational selection of the schematic and
design diagrams of the solid fuel UBR, and for determining its basic weight, _
geometric and thrust characteristics in combination with flight tra~ectory
parameters which best meet the demands placed ~n them.
Chapter 3: Characteristics of Component Elements of Solid Fuel UBR
In forming schematic and design solutions for the missile, one must have, as r
a aupplement to the basic information on flight theory presented in Chapter "
2, a rather complete idea of the basic elements comprising the UBR. The GCh,
: the system of ineans for penetrating missile defenses, the control system and ~
sustainer engines should be included above a11 among these elements.
Together with information of a general nature about these elements, this
chapter presents the basic relationships permitting a determination of their
working characteristics, which is necessary for identifying the basic '
tactical-technical characteristics of the missile under development and for -
- performing a comparative evaluation of different variants of solutiona in
the process of its design.
Ghapeer 4: Preparation of Initial Data for Design
Designing the UBR requires coordinated decisions to be made on a number of
various problems related to the most diverse fields of science and technol-
ogy. The mutual relationship and interdependence of these problems makes
the task of seeking compromise solutiona in designing a UBR msny times more
complex than the solution to problems in any individual field of technology. -
In practice, these features make it necessary to perform UBR design by
cycles in several approximations, which as a result f~.cilitates the process
of seeking and substantiating rat~onal solutions. This cyclic nature in -
performing the work is especially characteristic in initial stages.of
- creating a UBR. As already was noted in Chapter l, a preliminary design is
produced at the beginning of development, which includes the so-called
ballistic design and development of design-layout drawings of the miasile
and its basic elements.
5~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000240070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
This chapter examines the basic tasks and content of ballistic design, as -
well aa selected methods being used to form init~A~ e..,.e~,,.,}~_~_
v~voa.oaaVia~.C -
, individual propositiona being used in the proceee of ba~lietic deeign.
Chapter S: Determining Deeign Parametera of UBR
The selection of missile parameters comprises the basis of the second stage
in ballistic deaign and eonsists oF a quest for that optimtun combin~tion out
_ of the possible multitude of combinatione of various missile parametera
which most fully meeta a specific quality criterion.
This chapter provides approximate analqtic relationships for determining
' geometric, weight and ballistic char~cteristics of missiles, and it formu-
. lates methods for determining and optimizing basic design parameters which
allow these tasks to be solved without resorting to the use of a complex
mathematical apparatus and the results of detailed design work. -
Bibliography -
- 1. "Algoritmy optimizatsii proyektnylch resheniy" [Algorithms for Optimiza-
tion of Design Solutions], edited by A. I. Polovinkin, Moscow,
"Energiya," 1976.
2. Alemasov, V. Ye., et al. "Teoriya raketnykh dvigateley" [Rocket Engine
Theory], 2d edition, Moscow, "Mashinoatroyeniye," 1969.
3. Anureyev, I. I. "Oruzhiye protivoraketnoq i protivokosmicheskoy
- oborony" [Antimissile and Antispace Defense Weapons], Moscow,
_ Voyenizdat, 1971. ~
4. Belov, G. V., et al. "Osnovy proyektirovaniya raket" [Fundamentals of
Missile Design], Mnscow, "Mashinostroqeniye," 1974.
5. Varfolomeyev, V. I., and M. I. Ropytov. "Proqektirovaniye i ispytaniya
ballisticheskikh r~icet" [Design and Testing of Ballistic Missi~es], -
*toscow, Voyenizdat, 1970.
6. VOPROSY RAKETNOY TEKI~IIKI [Problems of Missile Technology], 1965-1974.
7. Yelpat'yevskiy, A. N., an~i V. V. VaRil'yev. "Prochnost'
tsilindricheskikh obolochek iz armirovannykh materialov" [Strength of
Cylindrical Envelopes Made of Reinforced Materials],�Moscow,
"Mashinostroyeniye," 1972.
8. Zavlin, P. N., et al. "Trud v sfere nauki" [Work in the Sphere of
- ScienceJ, Moscow, "Ekonomika," 1973.
51 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL iTSE ONLY
9. IZVESTIYA AN SSSR [USSR Academy of Sciences Proceedinga] (MZhG [expan-
sion unknownJ),No 1, 1971 No 5, 1975.
- 10. Lebedev, A. A., and N. F. Gerasyuta. "Ballistika raket" [Missile
Ballistics], Moscow, "Mashinostroyeniye," 1970.
11. Morozov, N. I. "Ballisticheskiye rakety strategicheskogo
naznacheiiiya" ~Strategic Ballistic Missiles], Moscow, Voyenizdat,
1970.
12. Pentsak, I. N. "Teoriya poleta i konstruktsiya ballisticheskikh -
raket" [Ballistic Mis~ile Flight Theory and Design], Moscow,
- "Mashinostroyeniye," 1974. ~
13. Petrov, K. P. "Aerodinam3ka raket" [Misaile ~erodynamicsj, Moacow,
"Mashinostroyeniye," 1977. -
14. "Radiotekhnicheskiye sistemy ~ raketnoy tekhnike" [Radiotechnical
Systems in Missile TechnologyJ, edited by V. I. Galkin, I. I. -
, Zakharchenko, and L. V. Mikhaylov, Moscow, Voyenizdat, 197~.
15. RAKETNO-KOSMICHESKAYA TEKHNIICA [Missile and Space Technology], 1973- _
- 1976.
16. Sinyu~ov, A. M., et al. �1Ballisticheskaya raketa na tverdom
toplive" [Solid Fuel Ballistic Missile], Moscora, Vo~~enizdat, 1972.
~ I7. Sternin, L. Ye. "Osnovy gazodinamiki dvukhfaznykh techeniy v
sopla.kh" [Fundamentals of Gas D}niamics of Two-Phase Flows in
Nozzles], Moscow, "Mashinostroyeniye," 1974.
18. Tarasov, Ye. V. "A,lgo:.itm optim3l'nogo proyektirovaniya letatel'nogo
apparata" [Algorithm for Optimcun Design of A Flying Craft], I~Ioscow,
"Mashinostroyeniye," 1970.
19. "Termodinamicheskiye i teplofizicheskiye svoystva produktov sgoraniya"
[Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Combustiun Products], -
- USSA Academy of Sciences, VINITI [A11-Union Institute of Scientific
and Technical Information], 1971.
20. Khitrik, M. S., and S. M. Fedorov. "Dinamika sistem upravleniya
raicet s bortovymi tsifrovymi vychislitel'nymi mashinami" [Dynamics of '
Control Systems of Missiles with Onboard Digital Computers], Moscow,
"Mashinostroyeniye," 1972.
21. Shishkov, A. A. "Gazodinamika porokhovykh raketnykh dvigateley"
[Gas Dynamics of Powder Rocket EnginesJ, Moscow, "Mashinostroyeniye," .
1974.
52
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
' ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040240070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
22. "AIAA Paper," No 190, 1976.
23. AERn;'sPACE DAILY~ Vol 70~ No 29, 1974. -
24. AVIATION WEEK, Vol 101, No 2, 1974; Vol 106, No 16, 1977.
25. ARMED FORCES JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, No 6, 1975.
26. BULLETIN OF ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, Vol 30, No 7, 1974.
27. CHEMICAL PROPULSION, NASA, May 1971.
28. NEW SCIEN7.'IST, Vol 64, No 918, 1974.
29. OSTER.~EICHISCHE MILITAERISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT [Austrian Military
Journal], No 1, 1975. _
30. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW, Oct/Nov, 1974.
COPYRIGHT: Voyenizdat, 1979 -
6904
CSO: 1801
~
� 53
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I � i
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
r~a ~rrtVttL. U,~ UNLY
BOOK EXCERPTS : IDEOIAGICAL WORK AT tTNIT ~.~EVEL DESCRIBED '
Moscow IDEOLOGIQ~5KAYA RABOTA V CHASTI: SODFRZHANIYA, ORGANIZATSIYA~ ~
P~TODII{A in Russian 1978
[Book by Maj Gen N. Smorigo, candida~e of historical sciences, editor~
_ Col L. S. Balashov, Maj Gen V. 5. Gluahchets~ Maj Gen V. N. Zenin, Col `
K. M. Pogozhev, Col A. E. Sabel'nikov~ Maj Gen N. I. Smorigo~ Col (Res~ ~
I. V. Forofonov, and Col V. P. KhrAbostov]
CExcerpts] Title Pa,ges _
Title: IDEOLOGIQ~SKAYA R,ABOTA V CHASTIs SODERZHANIYE, ORGANI-
ZATSIYA, METODIKA (Ideological Work in a Units Content~
Organization, Methods) ~
= Authorss Maj Gen N. I. Smorigo~ candidate of historical sciences~
editor~ Col L. S. Balashov, Maj Gen V. S. Glushehets, Maj ~
Gen N. I. Smorigo, Col (Res) I. V. Forofcnov, and Col
V. P. Khrobostov
_ Publishers Voyenizdat ~
Place and year of publications Moscow, i978
Signed ta Press Date: 28 Apr 78 ,
Number of Copies Published~ 50~000
Number of Pagess 191
Annotations .
On the basis of experience, stuc~y, and propaganda of the historic resolu-
tions of the 25th CPSU Congress, the authors reveal the content~ organi- ~
zation, and methods of ideological work at a unit. Principal consideration
in the book is given to the activities of commanders~ political workers
and the party and komsomol organizations in raising the quality and effec-
tiveness of Marxist-Leninist training of officers, the political studies of
ensigns and waxrant officers; political work with soldiers~ sailors, ser-
, geants~ and master sergeants; mass propaganda, cultural~ and instructive
5~+
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
work; and the propaga.nda,of military and technical knowledge. Questions of
organizing ideological and political xork xith personnel when performing
comba,t duty~ in exercises, and on naval cruises occupy a definite pla~e.
Table of Contents: pa,ge
Chapter I. Real Problems of Ideological Work in the Army and
Navy 3
1. Tasks of Ideological Work at the Present Stage 3
2. The Complex Approach to Educating Soviet Troops 12
3. Ideological Education Work of Party and Komsomolsk "
Organ~.zations 20 ~
- Chapter II. Marxist-Leninist Training of Officers and the
Political Stidy of Ensigns and warrant Officars 40
1. Content and Organization of Marxist-I,eninst Training
Methods for Conducting Studies with Officers 41
- 2. Political Training of Ens~gns and Warrant Officers 59 _
Chapter III. Political Studies with Soldiers, Sailors, Sergeants,
and Master Sergeants 67
1. The Fundamental Form of T.roop Education 67
2. Organization of Political Studies in a Unit 69
3. Problems of Method$ in Conducting Political Studies 75
Chapter IV. Organization of Mass Agitation Work 85
1. Concern About Content and Increasing the Effectiveness
of Mass Agitation Work 86
2. Forms, Methods~ and Means of Mass Agitation Work 92
Chapter V. Cultural Educationa,l Work 113
1. An Element of Ideological Work 113
2. The Military Unit's Club and its Functi~n . . 116
3. Content and Forms of the Unit I,ibrary's Operation 127
4. Cultural E ducation Work in the Subunit 129
Chapter VI. Several Problems of Organizing Ideological Education
Work During Combat Alert~ Exercises, and Nava1 Cruises 133
1. School for Cambat Morale and Psychological 7.bughening 133
2. Organization and Characteristics of Ideological Work on
Alert Duty, in Exercises, and on Naval Cruises 139
55
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Table of Contents (continued~~ p~e
_ Chapter VII. Political Education Work and Strengthening of
Military Discipline 15g
1. The Important Specification of Combat Readiness 158
2. Main Trends, Forms~ and Methods of Political Education
Work in Strengtnening Military Discipline 161
3� Shaping and Unifying the Military Collective 17~
Chapter VIII. Organizing tl:s Propaganda of Military Technical
Knowledge 176
1. Effective Medium for Improving the Technical Knowledge.,of ~
Personnel i76
2. Main Forms of Propaganda of Military Technical Knowledge 179
Chapter I
Real Problems of Ideological Work in the Army and Navy
i. Tasks of Ideological Work
at the Present Stage
The life of the Soviet state and the multifaceted and creative activity of
the Communist Party and our people are now being developed under the mighty
and ever increasing influence of the 25th CPSU Congress, which was an event -
of world-wide significance and an important historic landmark in tkie devel-
opment of commiuzism in the USSR. It provided answers to actual and funda,-
mental questions of the present and thoroughly developed and enriched
Marxist-Leninist theory. The Soviet people, inspired by the impressive `
challenges outlined by the congress, are unremittingly and purposefully
solving the goals set by the party for the economic, socio-p~litical, and
= spiritual development of our society. _
Great importance is attached to educating the new man who possesses a com-
munist world outlook~ ideological conviction, a high level of education,
and ~r.cral culture. A most important role in thi~ matter belongs to i~.eo-
_ logical work.
- The significance of ideological work and the communist education of party
members and the entire Soviet people is growing immeasurably under the ~
present conditions. This stems from a number of domestic and foreign po-
litical factors. t
- Firstly, the rate and tasks of CPSU theoretical activity broaden in the
_ stage of ~r,ature socialism, and the level of scientific Marxist-Leninist
mana~ement is raised by the varied sectors of communist development. As
- was noted at the 25th CPSU Congress~ a lot has been done in past years to '
56 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
xork out the actual piro blems of Marxist-Leninist theory. At the same time~
the requirement for its further creative development is currently becoming
still greater and Kill raise a number of probleme for thorough reeearch.
Secondly~ the growth of the role of ideological xork is explained by the -
unprecedented amount and depth of rewlutionaxy and transforming party
activity and the significant novelty of the tasks being resolved by~it. -
This also increases the role of man~ his spiritual maturity~ and readinesa~
kill~ and ability to build communism. Especially timely today are the
xords of Y. I. Lenin that "the more thorough the transformation xhich we
xant to effect, the more it is n~cessary to raise interest in it and a con-
scientious attitude towards it and to convince nex people, new millions and _
tens of millions, of the need".* The political and working activenes~ of
the Soviet people in fulfilling the grandiose goals of the lOth FYP and the
long-term plans of the party depend to a decisive degree on the effective-
ness of ideological influence on their awareness.
Thirdly, renewal of socio-economic conditions in our country as a conse-
quence of the steac~y and rapid development of science and technology i~ one
of the reasons causing the gioxth in significance of ideological work under
current conditions. Tlie consciousness, informed nat~e~ and overall educa-
tion and culture of the Soviet people are ~^owing. In thia connection~
questions of the efficacy and reasonal~leness of our propa,ganda and its
sharpness and cogency acquire a special meaning. It is extremely ~mportant
to also consider that new and modern generations of So viet people are now
- starting out in life xho bring with them neK knowledge and neK and increas-
ed spiritual interests.
Fourthly, the increase in the role of ideological work arises from foreign
policy factors which reflect the new aspects of today's international situ-
ation. As the 25th CPSU Congress pointed out, favorable progress in world
politics and detente are creating auspicious opportunities for the wide
diffusion of the ideas of socialism. On the other hand~ however, the ideo-
logical antagonism of the two systems is becoming more active and imperial- -
~st propaganda, more refined. Intensification of the struggle with bourge-
oise and revisionist ideologies requires further improvement in the Mazxist-
Leninist education of communists and the vast masses of workers and the
heightening of their political vigilance and ability to give a timely and
effective rebuff to a11 hostile and ideological sabotage.
An increase in the significance of ideological work and communist educat~ion
of the Soviet people is eaxnestly supported by a broad complex of ineasures
~ xhich our party and its Central Committee implemented in this direction dur-
ing recent years. On the basis of the resolutions of the 24th and 25th
CPSU Congresses, as well as a number of adopted Central Committee decrees,
a qualitatively new stage is being achieved in ideological education work.
V. I. Lenin, Complete Works, Vol 42~ p 140.
57
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
KUK UN~'ICIA,L USE ONLY ~
As the 25th Congress emphasizes, however, we have no reason whatsoever
for complacency; modern conditions are pushing new tasks ahead of the ~
- party's ideological activity.
C~rowth in the significance of ideological work expresses an intensification
of the role of the spiritua,l factor~ not only in the socio-economic devel-
opment of our country, but also in strengthening her defense capability and
improving the army and navy. At the same time, it is necessary to note
that the increase in the role of ideological work under the conditions of
- our army life is also a consequence of the growth of the historical re-
sponsibility of the USSR's Armed Forces for ensuring favorable external
conditions for building communism a,nd the reliable protection of the great
achievements of socialism; the expansion of their international missionsi
the specific developmental processes of mi�litaxy matters which have been
expanded on the basis of improving armaments and comba,t equipment plus the
- qualitative changes in personnel which axe taking place; and the extraord-
inarily exacting demands which modern warfare makes on the moral~ political~
military and psychological qua,lities of troops.
The formation of a communist world view in the Soviet people and army and
navy troops is a leading determining trend and the core of all ideological
work. 5tudying Maxxism-Leninism arms them with a clear understanding of
- party policies, the ability to uphold the principles of communist ideology
and evaluate all social phenomena from genuinely scientific positions. The
strengthening of a communist world outlook and Marxist-Leninist ideas in
the consciousness of military cadres and all personnel facilitates to a
great extent their education in party spirit and an implacability to the
enemies of socialism and hostile anticommunist ideology.
The 2sth CPSU Congress pointed out that the mass study of Marxism-Leninism ~
constitutes a most important feature of developing social consciousness at
the current stage. And if we say that recent years were especially fruit-
ful in the area ~f raising the scientific level a.nd improving the content
of communist education, then we see one of the reasons for this in the
- creative development by the party of ever active revolutionary Marxist-
- Leninist study.
The extensive access by military servicemen to the most abundant theoretical
~ legacy of V. I. Lenin is a remar~table occurrence ~n the ideologica.Y; li~'e of
a the army and navy. In developing the communist world view of our country's
young generation,documents of the CC CPSU (dedicated to such historical ~
celebrations as the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolu-
tion~ the SOth anniversazy of the formation of the USSR, Karl Marx' 1~Oth
- birthday, V. I. Lenin's 100th birthday, the 30th anniversary of the Soviet
people's victory in the Great Patriotic Wax, the 60th anniversary of the '
Great October Socialist Rev~olution~ and the 60th anniversary of the Soviet
Army and Navy) have placed an extremely important role. In them~ they have
obtained the creative development of genuine problems of Marxist-Leninist
theory which is the world view and methodological ba,sis of ideological work.
. 58
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
In the CC CPSU resolution "On the Tasks of Party Stuc~y in Light of the
Resolutions of the 25th ~PSU Congress"~ speciaJ. attention is given to the
need for the thorough adoption of the basic pr~nciples of Marxism-Leninism
as a single international doctrine; the historical experience of the CPSU;
the creative contribution to theory which is contained in the resolutions .
. of past CPSU Congresses and its CC plenums, the xorks and speeches of L. I.
Brezhnev and other party leaders; and in the documents of the international
communist movement. ~
Of great significance are the CC CPSU decrees "On Increasing the Role of
Verbal Political Agitation in Fulfilling the Resolutions of the 25th CPSU
Congress" and "On the Status and Measures of Improving Lect~se Propaga.nda":
The policies of the CPSU are rightfully called Marxism-Leninism in action.
The formation of a scientific and communist world view is inconceivable
without a thorough and proven exposure of personnel to CPSU policies--the
vital basis of the Soviet social and state system. Commanders~ political
organs, and party organizations are striving to conduct the stuc~y of
Marxist-Leninist theory with party policy in an inte~a,~ unit in close con- -
nection with the practice of building communism.
The main goal of a11 ideological work under present condition~ is a more
thorough study of the 25th CPSU Congress' historic resolutions in which
party policy in all spheres of its domestic and international activity for
the forthcnming period were concentrated and expressed in a remarkably -
thorough w~ay. At the center of attention of military cadres and all mili-
tary servlcemen is Comrade L. I. Brezhnev's report "The Record of the CC
CPSU and Immediate Tasks of the Party in the Area of Internal and External r
_ Policy" which is a model for the creative development of Marxism-Leninism
under current conditions and a document of enormous inspiring and mobil-
izing force.
In the report at the 25th CPSU Congress, I,. I. Brezhnev emphasized that
, communist integrity is a fusion of knowledge, convictions, and practical
actions. In this cunnection~ the need was pointed out for transforming
the knowledge being acquired by the people into an active and vital posi-
tion and into a guide for action in resolving the vital tasks of building
communism and increasing the economic and defense might of the Soviet
state. The party considers the study of the materials and resolutions of
the 25th ~ongress as an important gremise for steadfastly putting them into
gr.actice. This is why it is so necessary in the process of ideological
, work and political studies in a11 their forms~ that a close tie be ensured
with the practice of building communism~ with propa.ganda of the Soviet
people's achievements in the struggle to realize the resolutions of the -
25th party congress, and with the tasks af building the military so that
ideologi~al and political educatidn might be implemented in close unity
xith. personnel education d~ing the process of daily military~labor.
59
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
It is necessary that each armed defender of the socialist Homeland shauld
deeply understand that military labor is one of the specific forms of
people's socially useful activity and that service in the Armed Forces is -
the honorable obligation of Soviet citizens, and defense of the socialist
Fatherland is their sacred duty. At the same time, it is necessary to
- make maximum use of the educational opportunities of military labor under
the conditions of strained combat training, exer~ises, cruises, flights,
and the f ulfillment of combat alert missions. Building up the efforts in
increasing the education role of the Soviet Army as a school for ideologi-
cal and physical toughening, endurance~ discipline and orderliness~ and a
school of military skill is a ma.tter of honor for commanders, political
workers, and party and komsomol organizations.
In providing a close amalgamation of political and work education, it is
important to widely use such mass movements as sociallst competition. It
is ~,imed at better mastery of military equipment, increasing combat skill,
and strengthening combat readiness. In recent years~ it has received un-
precedented scope in the axmy and navy.
Strengthening the ideas of Soviet patriotism and socialist international-
ism in the consciousness of all our troops~ plus pride for our Homeland~
and a readiness to stand up in defense of the achievements of socialism
as one of the main aims of ideological work.
- In the struggle for building socialism and in the battles for its protec=
_ tion, new and hasmonious relations have sprung up between the classes and
social groups and the peoples and nationalities of our country--relations
of friendship and cooperation. On the basis of social ownership in the
m?ans of production, the unity of econ.,mic, social, political, and cultural
_ lif e, Marxist-Leninist ideology~ and communist ideals, a new historic com- -
munity of peoples has come into existence--the Soviet people. This new
historic community of peoples is discovering an ever higher degree of cun-
solidation under the conditions of developing socialism. Socialism has
engendered a new type of patriotism integrally joined with int.ernational-
ism.
In carrying out the resolutions of the 25th CPSU Congress, commanders~ -
political organs, and paxty and komsomol organizations are devoting much
energy to the matter of patriotic education of troops and simultaneously
to strengthening their internationalist consciousness. In this work~ it is
considered that the patriotism of citizens in a socialist society is real-
- ized in the devotion and loyalty to their Homeland and to the concord of ~
socialist countries, and that ~ocialist patriotism and internationalism in-
cludes proletarian solidarity with the working class and laborers of all
- countries. A laxge spot is allotted to explaining questions connected with
strengthening the unity of fraternal countries of socialism in the military
area and combat collaboratior, of the personnel of the countries' armies--
members of the Warsaw Pact.
- ~0
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
A si~nif ieant place in ideological work, under the conditions of developing
a socialist society~ is occupied by the propaganda. and explanation of the
growth of the guiding role of the Communist Party, the outst~nding results
_ of its activity in the building of communism, the country's economy~ the
social and political development of our society and the armed defense of
the achievements of socialism. It is important that all military service-
men should produce and deeply feel the dynamism of developing the Soviet
society and should realize the greatness of the matters of the party and
the people~ and their own participation in the outstanding successes of
the country of the Soviets.
A real problem of ideological work and its most important aim is the
thorough and reasoned elucidation to personnel of the CPSU's foreign policy
activity, the current international situation~ the exposure of imperial-
ism's aggressive nature~ the education of personnel in the spirit of e3e-
vated vigilance, and the perpetual readiness to rebuff any aggression.
S upported by the resolutions of the 25th Congress and the subsequent docu-
ments of the CPSU~ and considering the current events in the world axena,
it is necessaxy to convincingly show personnel that our party manifests an
- unwearying concern over pro vidi ng favorable external conditions for build-
ing communism. The correlation of forces in the world now has changed
- radically in favor of socia,lism. International relations are being built
more and more on the basis of the principles of peaceful coexistance and
mutually benef icial cooperation of states ~ith different social systems.
Detente of international tension has become a reality. However~ it has not
abolished the laws of class struggle and it does not signify a relaxation
of the hostility of the two opposed social systems. Based on a thorough
analysis of the contemporaxy situation in the world~ the 25th CPSU Congress -
showed that in response to the successes of the cause of detente, forces of
reaction and materialism have become active which would like a return to a
time of "cold war" and a balancing on the brink of nuclear catastrophe.
They axe intensifying the axms race~ developing new kinds of weapons~ main-
taining tension~ and are striving to keep or attain their own military
presence in strategically importai.t regions of the world. The reactionary
and aggressive nature of imperialism remains unchanged in the most varied
forms in our day. -
In this connection~ it is necessary to strive in order that ~learly per-
meating our ideological education work is the thesis that the steadfast
desire for peace in the foreign palicy course of the CPSU has always been
matched, and will be matched with a readiness to rebuff any aggressor.
"No one should have any doubts", stated L. I. Brezhnev at the 25th CPSU
Congress, "that our party will do everything so that the glorious Armed -
Forces of the Soviet Union might henceforth have at their disposal all the
means necessary for carrying out their responsible mission--to be the guard
= of the Soviet People's labor and a bulwark of a universal peace."~-
Materials of the 2 th CPSU Con~ess. Moscow, i976~ p 83.
61
- FdR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
r~n vrrtl.tAL U~~ UNLY -
- Ideological work is called on to promote a correct understanding by all
troops of the practical missions which result from this thesis in order to
increase the army's and navy's vigilance and combat readiness.
Such an actual task as the decisive struggle with bourgeois and revision-
_ ist ideologies is of great significance: -
The ideological antagonism of the two systems is one of the fundamental
forms of class struggle in the modern world. The successes of socialism
and communism plus f avorable shifts in world politics are creating propi- ~
tious conditions for the wide spread of Marxist-Leninist ideas. At the same
time~ bourgeois ideology~ in adapting to the new conditions~ is becoming
more refined and subtle. The ideological struggle encompasses the entire
complex of views, ideas, and spiritual values of the two opposing forms
of life--socialist and bourgeoi~s And as the 25th CPSU Congress pointed
out, there can be no place for neutralism and compromises. A high level
of political vigilance and active~ energetic, and persuasive propaganda _
work is required of our side. By exposing hostile ideology, we cannot but -
devote special attention to the groblems of ideological struggle in the
military axea and in the sphere of military theory and history and to ex-
posing the different kinds of falsification.
Under contemporary conditions~ the moral education of the Soviet people and
troops o~~ the Armed Forces takes on a special significance, the essence of
~hich is to form their communist moral convictions and aspirations~ and ~
readiness and capacity to consciously subordinate their personal interests
to society's interests of worthy fulfillment of patriotic and international
duty. Moral education encompasses virtually all aspects of the existence
and way of life of personnel and the interrelations in the troop collective.
The contemporary stage of the Soviet Armed Forces' development which has
increased demands on the moral, political, and combat qualities of personnel
oblige commanders~ political workers~ and party and komsomol organizations
to devote considerable attention to the problems of troop educatic~n in
ideological work. One cannot but note that here and there propagz~nda on
troop subject matter is still conducted without the proper depth and pur-
p~sefulness. Occurrences and facts of living realities~ the life of units,
- ships, and subunits are not ~.dequately considered in it. Occasionally the
3ggressa~eness and military applicability of it is insufficient.
' It is necessary to direct more concentrated efforts of ideological, polit-
- ical, moral, legal, and military education on further strengthening the
- military discipline and unity of army and navy collectives. It is necessary
in these goals, to continually conduct legal propaganda ana to more actively
u~e all the means of ideological work in order to raise the consciousness
of each military serviceman and for thorough elucidation of the demands of
the paxty, the USSR Constitution~ the military oath, and the Armed Forces'
regulations on discipline and its increased significance. One of the
actual tasks is to create a healthy moral climate by means of ideological _
62
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9
~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
influence in the militaxy collective and to raise its activeness and
exactingness in the s~truggle for irreproachable behavior of each troop
and the strict observance of regulation interrelationships. In the work
of strengthening the discipline and orderliness of the troop collective,
considerable signif icance ought to be given to the propa,ganda of the heroic -
military traditions of the Soviet Army and Navy and of its own district,
fleet~ formation~ unit, and ship.
When we speak of the basic trends and actual problems of ideological work,
let us remember that its p~ra,mount goal always has been and will remain the
education of troops in the spirit of a deeply understood and realized per-
sonal responsibility for the country's safety, and the maintenance of the
high level of combat readiness of troops and naval forces and each unit and
ship. The means of ideological work are called on to have a more active
and effective influence on the struggle for further strengthening troop
discipline, the achievement of high-quality accomplishment of a,ll military
trainin~ missions and norms, and the excellent knowledge and care of
weapons and equipment. In the sphere of ideological influence, it is also
necessary to steadfastly support the problems of the moral~ political, and
psychological training of troops and the formation in them of high mili-
tary morale and psychological qualfties during field, flight, and naval
- training and daily military service.
COPYRIGHT: Voyenizdat, 197$
9~~7
C50: 1801 E~
~
63
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070003-9