JPRS ID: 8950 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200050052-7
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 54
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 52
• Content Type: REPORTS

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' JPRS L%8950
_ 26 February 1 J80 -
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~ Sub-~aharan Africa ~e ort ~
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FOUO No. 667 _
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~B;I~ FOREIGN ~ROAnCAST INFORMATION SERVICE -
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JPRS L/895~
26 February 1980
SUB-SAIIARAN AFRICA R~PORT -
FOUO No. 667 -
CONTENTS , PAGE _
ANGOLA
Briefs -
Provincial Commissioners~ Meeting 1 _
, Coffee Production Statistics' Variation 1
FAO Assistance 2
Fishing Cooperation With Poland 2
_ Inquiry Commissi on Formed 2 =
Oil Price Rise 2
BURUNDI -
Briefs
Cooperation Agreements With FRG 3
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Hardening of President Dacko's Attltude Noted
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERFANEEIVS, 11 Jan 80). 4 -
' Three ;Vew Financing Agreemer~ts Signed
J (MA.RCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITr~RqNEENS, 11 Jan 80). 6
Briefs ~
Restoration of Communal Financial Autonomy ~3 -
- UCCA Capital Increase n
_ Timber Export Ba,n 8
~ Emergency EEC Aid 9 '
= Diamond Exploitation 9
CHAD
Peo~,le Against Return To Clan, Tri.bal, Regional War
- (Abdelaziz Da,hmani; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 9 Jan 80)..... 10
~ - a - [III - NE & A - 120 FOUO]
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CONTII`ITS (Continued) pa,ge
Da.nger of Revival of Old Quarrels Still Exis~;s
(Antonia Blis; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 7-20 Jan ~30)......... 12
Attempt To Revive Lake Chad Oil Project Described
(MARG`HES TROPICAUX ET MEDI.'I'ERRANE'ENS, 11 Jan 80).. 16
Briefs
F'rench Educational Cooperation 17
FAO Agricultural Aid 17 -
' CONGO
Briefs .
= French Financing Agreements Signed 18
EaUATORIAL GU:LNEA
Briefs
Frenrh Relations 1_9
GAMB14
Briefs -
UK, EEC Aid 20
KENYA
_ Briefs _
Easing of Import Regulations 21
Norwegian Financial Aid 21
Netherlands Financial Aid 2]_
LIBERIA
Briefs
- Coffee Price Increase ,22 -
= NIGER
Hydrologic Forecasting System for Niger River Basin
Described
(MA.RCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERR.ANEENS, 4 Jan 80)e.. 23 -
Briefs
President Warns Against Racism ~5
Estimated Fruit-Vegetable Exports 25
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CONTENTS (Continued) ~~e
SENE~GAL .
- Government Seeks Internati ona.l Aid for Agriculture
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEUITERRANEENS, 4 Jan 80).,. 26 -
Briefs
French Bilateral Aid in lg8o 27
_ Three Japa,nese Financing Agreements 27
Second PUS Resignation ~7
- 'APS-AGERPRESS'Agreement 28
Canadian Wheat Dona,tion 28
SzERRA LEONE -
Briefs
IDA Loan ~9
SOMALIA
- Report on Somali Foreign Trade, 1977-1978
- (MARCHFS TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21 Dec 79).. 3p
- SOIFl~fi AFRICt~
Briefs
Rand Revalua,tion Rumor _
- TANZANIA
Briefs
Strengthening of French Relati ons Expected 45
Grain Storage Capacity Increased 45 -
71AIRE
- Economic, Cultural, acientific Agreements Signed With
France
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAN~ENS, 21 Dec 79)�� 46
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ANGOLA
BRIEFS
PROVINCIAL COMMISSION~RS' MEETING--The 17 Angolan provincial commissioners
have just ended their ordinary ann~ial meeting in Luanda. The pravincial
commissiouers, many of whom are members of the MPLA Central Committee
- and even of the political bureau, hold also the rank of minister. Their
task is to "formulate and coordinate work plans in all sectors of provin- _
cial activities in liaison with the military and the government repre-
sentatives." This first annual meeting dealt with the prospects of
_ development in the various prc~vinces, their structures and operations.
, The chairman of the meeting, Pedro Maria Tonha, criticized certain -
fail~ires in production control in r~gard to Arr.gola's economic situation. -
Acc~rding to him, the absence of adequate control manifests itsel~ by a -
lack of dqnamism on the part of certain persons in key positions, a
situation which has repercussions on personnel as well. Pedro M.~ria
Tonha asked the officials in charge t~ make personal decisions for the ~
_ solving of a number of problems instead of awaiting orders from
superiors. Finally, he expressed the hope Chat collective raork will be
strengthened in the zones where "enemy actian is still being felt."
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICA"JX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 1 Feb 80
p 275] -
COFFEE PRODL'CTION STATISTICS' VARIATION--According to a variety of
sources, Angolan coffee production gives rise to ccrntradictory estimates.
Z'he f~ct that it has decreased considerably in regard to pre-independence -
production is acknowledged by everyone. Opinions differ fur the most
recent p~eriod of production. Accordia~g to the commercial services office
of the French Embassy in Luanda, there has been a moderate increase: for -
1974, prodiiction ~was 220,000 tons; for 1975, 297,000 tons; for 1977,
72,000 tons; for 197~, 26,000 tons; for 1979, 32,000 tons. On the other -
hand, according to the Commonwealth secretariat, the decline continues:
1974-1975, 2,780,000 60-kilo bags; ~.975-1976, 1,160,000 bags; 1976-1977,
1,100,000 bags; 1977-1978, I,240,000 bags; 1978-1979, 590,000 bags;
1979-1980, 540,Q00 bags. As for the International Coffee Organizatior~
(OIC), it reports that total Angolan production has remained stable:
1973-1974, 2,814,000 60-kilo bags; 1974-1975, 1,060,000 bags; 1975-1976,
1,100,000 bags; 1976-1977, 1,238,000 bags; 1977-1978, 592,000 bags; 1978-
1979, 540,000 bags; and 1979-1980, 540,000 bas. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET 1~DITERRANEENS in French 1 Feb 80 p 275] .
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FAU ASSISTANCE---The secretary general of the UN's Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), Edward Saouma, was in Angola for 4 days during the
last week in January in the invitation of the minister of agriculture. -
Angola, which has been a member of the FAO since 1977, has received =
various kinds of assistance from this organism. The JORNAL DE ANGOLA _
mentions that the sum of $225,000 was granted for a cattle vaccination _
- campaign and a total of $24,000 for a seed project. In the field of ti:~
milk industry, Angola should also receive from the PNUD [UNDP] and the
FAO a sum of $400,000 for technical assistance and cadre training. _
[Excerpt] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French Feb 80
p 274]
FISHING COOPERATION WITH POLAND--A ~oint Angola-Polar.3 co~mission on
- economic cooperation met recently in Warsaw to study relations between
the two countries. The communique published at the end af the meeting
notes that an agreement was signed between the two parties in the field
of fishing and for the training of Angolan personnel. Poland will import
oil, coffee, fish meal and other Angolan products. The Angolan delega-
tion was headed by Minister of Foreign Trade Lopo do Nascimento. [Text] -
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 1 Feb 80 p 275]
- INQUIRY COMMISSION FORMED--An inquiry commission has been set up in -
Angola to review the actions of certain members of the former Angolan
securit} serviceG, the DISA [Direc~orate of Security and Intelligence],
which was disbanded by President Agostinho Neto a few weeks before his
- death. A communique signed by the ministers of interior and of justice
notes that this commission has "police authority" and will have the
power to arrest anyone within the framework of the penal code. [Text] -
~ [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 1 Feb 80 p 27G]
OIL PRICE F.ISE--The Angolan Ministry of Oil has announced that the price -
of Cabindan oil has risen by $5.94 a barrel. The ministry's announcement,
issued in Luanda on 25 January by ANGOP, specified that this increase
affecting "~ontract customers," will be retroactive to 1 January 1980
- and wil~. raise the price of Angolan oil from $25.85 to $31.70 per barrel.
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPI~CAUX ET I~DITE~RANEENS in French 1 Feb 80
_ P 274] -
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BURUNDI ~
- ~
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_ BRIEFS
COOPERATION AGREEMENTS WITIi FRG--The Secre~~ary of State for Ecanomic
Cooperation from the Federal Republic of Germany, Dt Hans Warner Sanne, -
ended his visit to Burundi on 30 November by signing the agreement reacti- ~
vating cooperation between the two nations. A f inancial accord was also '
- signed. The West German minister thus concluded the business of the -
German-Burundian joint commission with the Burundian minister of planning, _
_ Donatien Bihute. Upon the occasion of his arrival in Burundi, the German
secretary of state visited, in particular, the construction site of the =
Muramvya hydroelectric dam on the Mubarazi. This construction, financed -
_ by the FRG (3,600,000 DM) could be finished in November 1980. The dam
will supply a 150 kW power station which, among other things, will furnish
power to the Muramvya flour mill, now under construction. The minister ~
also visited the construction site of the Gitega power station on the
- Ruvubu, alsc financed by the FRG: output, 1,300 kW; construction began in
= May 1977, completion is expected in May 1980; cost 5,700,000 DM. [Text]
= [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 28 Dec 79 p 3689]
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC -
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HARDENING OF PRESIDENT DACKO'S ATTITUDE NOTED -
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 Jan 80 pp 87, 88 -
_ [Article: "Mr Dacko Seens Decided To Be Fir~ner"]
[Tex�t] The AFP correspondent in Bangui noted recently the hardening
_ of President David Dacko's attitude.
- In foreign policy the expulsion of the Libyan ambassador (see MARCHES -
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS of 4 Januaxy 19~i0, p 31) and two Libyan =
' diplomats and a very severe warning to the Soviet arzbassador in Bangui
evide:ice an obvious political choice. ~
The opposition, only one of whose leaderS had been arrested it? 1979 '
(namely, Ange Patasse, officially accused of breaking the common law),
l:as not been spared recently. Five individuals connected with the "Libyan -
subversion," notably, Barthelemy Yangongo, former minister of information
considered to be pro-Soviet, and three cadres from the national television
station, were arrested.
IZ the social field the muted conflicts and intermittent strikes will
have to stop for, accozding to President Dacko, "if strikes occur con- -
stantly investors will be unable to set up shop in our country." The -
Central Africaii Regublic's head of state added: "We could have forbidden
the strikes. We have not done so because the Central African .i.ndividual
_ was deprived of his freedom for a long time." The tone of these comments
suggests that peop~.e should not try to abuse this freedom. -
_ The fact is that the growing uncor,straint that could be found in December
- 1979 in Bangui worried more than one observer. The dramatic crisis in
oil supplies and the price incrEa~es, especially marked in the case of
such foodstuffs as maniac, have �~ndoubtedly had an impact on the situa-
tion in the public administrati~n or semi-public enterprises where strikes
used to break out for any reason. One found furthermore some political
agitation in Grimari and it is no doubt the situation near Chad's barder
_ which inci~ed the head of state to act spiritedly again~t the Libyan
diplomats. _
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_ Reassertion of control over the public sector is mandated. It seems that
President Dacko has understood this and is r~oving in two ways: Through
firm political warnings, notably to sCudents; and also through a search
for 5olution5 making pos5ible a reinstatement of private interests in
public enterprises.
- The President did not hesitate to recall that he had the support of Paris
- in inviting dramatically French military personnel to spend New Year's
Eve at the presidential palace. Furthermore, Dacko wants to show that
he is pursuing effectively the most visible collaborators of the toppled
emperor.
Thus, the National Investigation Committee established to judge the extor-
tions perpetrated under the regime of the toppled eniperor [Bokassa I] is
still in operation and 67 persons have already been prosecuted.
Among these accused is Dr Dedeavode, who had murdered the newborn baby
boy of an adversary of the emperor; Joachim Da Silva Nzengue, former
minister and ideologue o= the single party MESl~N [Movement for the Social
De~velopment of Black Africa]; and Louis Alazoula, former minister of
interior, considered to be an intelligence agent of the emperor.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1980
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
THREE NEW FINANCING AGREEMENTS SIGNED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 Jan 80 p 88
_ [Article: "FAC: Recent Financing Agreements"]
['fext] On 4 December 1979 the French chief of mission of the cooperation
program in Bangui, Michel Landry, signed with the CAR authorities three
financing agreements concerning FAC [Aid and Cooperation Fund--FranceJ:
1. Assistance to Bangui University for the 1979-80 academic year (58.5
. mil].ion CFA francs). This subsidy is slated to insure the operation of
the university and the purchase of minor equipment but it dops not include
salaries which continue to be borne by the CAR Government.
_ It is appropriate to note a separate slot for the University Institute
of Technology, Agronomy, and Forestry in M'Baiki which gets 34 million =
CFA francs, that is, 58.1 percent of the total subsidy.
2. Renewal of the "Technical Support to the UCCA [Central African Cotton
UnionJ project for the extension of cotton cultivation" (166 million CFA
~ francs). What is involved is the third stage of a project which got _
started in 1975 and which has a.'~ready received assistance of 276.15 million
CFA f ranc s f rom FAC .
~or a 2-year period four experts of the CFDT [French Company for the
Development of Textile Fibersj will cnntinue to provide cadres for cotton
^ productian in new areas: Koka-Bandoso, M'Bres, Djoukou, Dekoa, Ba~angofo,
and Grimari. -
This project is complemented by the EDF [Eurapean Development Fund] pro--
jects for "ourfitting the seed-proliferation centers" and "reactivation
oL� the agricultural production of the Ouham region" b> the Ouham-Pende
rural integrated West German development project and by the FAC cotton -
_ research project. The Agricultural Products Stabilization and Equaliza- -
tion Fund should insure th~ financing of trainees and spare parts for
the equipment. -
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3. Renewal of the project for the "application of research to the develop-
ment of cotton cultivation" (215 million CFA francs). What is involved
is the fourth stage of the project begun in 1973 and which has already
received aid of 361..25 million CFA francs. Three engineers and one national
- service volunteer of the IRCTE [Research Institute for Cotton and Exotic -
Textiles] i~n~lement this project which strives to experiment and produce -
selected seeds. It should be noted that jointly with the EDF an are~.of
research in food crop_ has been introduced in this program. -
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1980
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- i:ENTRAL AFf~ICAN REFUBLIC -
- BRIEFS
R~STORATION OF COBM9UNAL FINANCIAL AUTONOMY--When he was recently in Paoua
(Ouham-Pende), President Dacko announced that the Central African communes
were going to have their financial autonomy restored in 1980. [Text] [Pari.s .
- MARCHES TROPICAUX ET b~DITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 31] 8946
UCCA CAPITAL INCREASE--The capital of the UCCA (Central African Cotton Union) -
is going to go up from 236,875,000 CFA francs to 800,000,000 CFA francs, thanks
_ to the participation of the CFDT (French Company for the Development of Tex- -
tile Fibers). The UCCA will be a semi-public corporation from now on; it will
~ have hroader authority than it now has. [Text] ~Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
= N~DITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 32] 8946
TIMBER EXPORT BAN--By a decree dated 7 December, from the ministerial delegate
- to the prime minister in charge of Mines, exportation of timber is suspended
in the Central African Republic, and foresters who disregard this interdiction
will incur a fine equal to or twice the market value of the wood exported, and
_ their timber will be seized. The measure seems to have been motivated by the -
fact that because of disorganization in the administrative departments, some
foresters were not declaring their exports. Such an interdiction is in danger
of considerably inconveniencing the foresters who still have some timber rafts
te be brought down before the low water, which is announced as being early this -
year. The decree suspending timber exports having caused lively feeling among
the foresters, the government decided on 21 December to authorize in exception-
_ al c~ses timber exports that were put into the water before 31 December 1979.
On the other hand, the foresters are expected to take exact stock of the pro-
duction and exports for 1979 before 10 January 1980. [Text] [Paris MARCHES `
_ TROPICAUX ET N~DITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 32] 8946 ~
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EMERCENCY ~EC AID-~ThP Comnission ot the European Communities decided
: on 20 Aece~nber 1979 to grant the Central African Republic out of the
funds of the fourLh EDr [European Development Fund] emergency aid of
~i b50,000 ~CU ~Europsari curr~ncy unit] (that is, approximately 180 million
- CFA francs) with a view to the supply of essential goods (spare parts,
- school supplies ~nd equip~ent). Initial emergency aid of 300,OOU ECU -
- (about 83 milZlor~ CFA francs) had already been approved for the CAR. '
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TTcOPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 Jan 8U -
- p 88] 2662 "
- DIAMOND EXPLOITATION--Artisanal diamond pxploitation licenses were
- eliminated on 19 December 1979. Henceforth the exploitation of diamonds
in the CAR is unrestricted for ~AR citizens. [TexL�] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 Jan 80 p 88] 2662 -
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CHAD
- PEOPLE AGAIi~tST RETURN TO CLAN, TRIBAL, REGIONA.L WAR '
~ Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 9 Jan 80 pp 32-33
[Article by Abdelaziz Dahmani]~ `
[Text] On Friday 14 December 1979, the UN General Assembly adopted an emer-
gency plan for "Chad's reconstruction, recovery, and deveI.opment." It de-
clared itself "deeply concerned" by the deterioration in that country's po-
litical, economic, and social situation after 13 years of civil war, but took
note with "satisfaction" of the reconciliation agreement signed in Lagos,
the capital of Nigeria, on 21 August 1979 (see JEUNE AFRIQUE No 974).
The effort in qvestion is to be undertaken jointly by all the UN specialized
_ organizations (the UNDP [UN Development Program], FAD [International Fund
_n for Agricultural Development], FAD [r.epetition as published], WHO, UNICEF,
_ and so on), to which will be added bilateral and multilateral action. A
meeting for coordinating the international community's efforts will be held
sometime in the next few months between lenders and the Chadian Government.
The tragedy of Chad goes even deeper than indicated by the UN resolution.
It is a country in ruins, and it greatly resembles a sick man being kept
alive by artificial respiration. All projects--which for ~hat matter are
few in number--have been suspended for lack of irqney. Most civil servants
_ have not been paid for more than 6 months. The laCk of gasoline means that
few automobiles are still moving, and the ministries lack typewriters and
even paper. The stores are empty because they have run out of stock.
A poor and landlocked country, Chad can survive only through cooperation:
_ fmm its neighbors (such as Li.bya and Nigeria) or from France (so far the
main country guaranteeing Chad's security, provided that Chad remains within
the former mother country's sphere of influence). But France, whose position
- is threatened since the Lagos Conference gave it notice to repatriate its
~ 3,000 military, no longer provides any help except in driblets. Libya and
- Nigeria, on the other hand, have made substantial but conditional promises:
their promises will not be carried out until the French leave. -
For its part, President Goukoumi Weddeye's government is not ready to jtunp
into the void and is in no hurry to see the French troops leave. Having
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evacuated the bases at Moussoro and Ati, the latter are staying in the vicin- -
ity of Ndjamena. �
It was the French military, incidentally, who saw to the transportation and
safety of the "enemy brothers" when the latter met in Douguia (80 kilometers
from the capital) on 10 November 1979 (see JEUNE P.FRIQUE No 986). Since
then the departure of those troops has been regularly postponed pending
their replacement by a neutral African force made up of military units from
Congo, Benin, and Guinea. But fhat replacement is also in danger of being
postponed until the members of the coalition government get along better -
with each other.
_ The government in ques~ion, which was formed on 12 November, is a regular
- jigsaw pu~zle consisting of representatives of nine factions, each with one ~
- (or more) foreign sponsors and claiming to control, with its respective army,
- a por.tion of the national territory. Along with Minister of Health and So-
cial Affairs Moussa Madella, President Goukoumi Weddeye and Minister of Na-
tional Defense Hisseine Habre are now the masters of Nd-jamena after having
been the men of tY~e underground in the north. They are now labeled "the
= pro-French." Lt Col Wadal Kamougue (vice president), the southerner and -
former rifleman in FROLINAT, has come under Libyan influence. And so has
the FACP [Provisional Front for Joint Action], which includes Ahmat Acyl
(Foreign Affairs), Mohamed Abba Seid (Interior and Security), and Adoum Dana -
(Public Works, Mines, and Geology). Nigerian influence is exerted through -
Hadjaro Senoussi (Reconstruction and National Development) and even Dr Abba
Siddick (Higher Education).
But those labels and "allegiances," which are essentially unstable, do not
reflect personal feelings. It is the country's extreme destitution--not to
mention certain ambitions--which has pushed each individual into the arms of
French, Libyan, Nigerian, or other protectors. For that matter, the govern-
ment has never yet met in full session, and the euphoria resulting from the
Douguia agreement is beginning to fade seriously in the face of distrust. -
The only big advantage remains the Chadian people and their extreme weari-
ness. More than ever, they aspire to peace and are not at all disposed to
follow anyone if there is a return to the war between clans, tribes, and re-
gions. Another advantage is that Chad, still facing the threat of a breakup, -
has undertaken many commitments abroad that are based on peace and security.
Whether it likes it or not, President Weddeye's ragbag government has to take
_ that into account.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique, GRUPJIA 1979
11798
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CHAD
DANGER OF REVIVAL OF OLD QUARRELS STILL EXISTS
Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 7-20 Jan 80 pp 14=15
_ [Article by Antonia Blis]
[Textj Nb re than a month after establishment of the Transitional National
Union Government (GUNT), Chad is living in a state of waiting and anxiety.
It is true that there have been a few initiati~es--such as the setting up
of a 150-member military police force--and they have helped to restore a
semblance of calm to Ndjamena. The capital's inhabitants can now move about
- until late at night without fear of assault, looting, and murder, which had -
- become daily phenomena and were keeping the city under a reign of terrQr.
But it all ~remains precarious, and the haunting fear that war will resume -
is far from having disappeared.
That could be seen from what happened last 15 December. A misunderstanding
- between French soldiers entrusted with protecting a transfer of funds to the
headquarters of the BEAC (Bank of Central African States) and members of the
FAP (People's Armed Forces)--whose barracks were 50 meters a~ray and who,
thinking they were being threatened by the occupation forces, sealed off the
neighborhood--sowed panic among the inhabitants. Convinced that generalizea
- fighting had resumed, hundreds of inhabitants fled across the Chari River in
canoes to take refuge in Cameroon, while the shops in the African and Euro- -
pean quarters closed their doors. Many explanations and intervention by the
authorities we�re ne~essary before the situation returned to normal following
that incident, which was due, according to the minister of information, to
"a.lack of coordination among the various police forces"! The fact is that
the heterogeneous na.ture of the armed forces stationed in the capital and
the country's main cities is not the least of the factors continuing to pose
serious threats to the precarious peace and comproma.se achieved a few weeks
ago .
, It is true that the new cabinet has met several times and that certain meas-
ures have been adopted, at least in principle. For example, it was decided
to set up a technical committee responsible for selecting the "practical
means of demilitarizing the capital and setting the date for the withdrawal
of combat forces from Ndjamena." Another committee was to pursue "intensive
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~
_ activity to increase the awareness of the masses fo~ the double purpose of
disarming civilians an~ preparing people to accept the neutral force." ~
Dead Letter
~ There is also ttie question of beefiny up the miiitary .police established last ~
3 November. Some say that to be really effective, that force ~hould b~ in-
, creased from one company of 150 men to five companies. But all of that re-
mair_s a dead letter--or almost--and in any case, it is far from being the
= expected emergency plan that would apply the first solutions to the vital ~
problems facing the country. Because the sitsation is disastrous. _
- The administration was dispersed following the fighting in February and
r'arch and has been practically dismantled. Minister of Interior Mahamat
Abbat Said was able to tell the pxess just recently that his ministry
existed in name only. Everything else is in the same sitaation, and the fi-
nancial departments are operating badly or not at all. The state is being
_ deprived of its revenues. And on the other side of the picture, since the
- administration is not paying its bills, the distributing firms halt their -
services several times a day and water and electricity are cut off every day
in Ndjamena. The economy, already on the brink of the abyss, is in danger
of collapsing completely. Trade channels are blocked because of the diffi-
culty of. movement. The only exception is the more favored south, which is
:till able to move its goods.
- In another sphere, the freeing of political prisoners is still being awaited, _
- although their release has been agreed to in principle in acc:ordance with -
the Lagos agreements. Such a step would help to remove ambiguities and to
- restore the confidence of the inhabitants. The promised foreign aid is also
still being awaited, and its arrival is a matter of vital urgency. It is -
tx ue that preliminary talks have been held with a French mission, notably
in connection with a resLmtp tion of government services, but so far no thing
specific has been reported.
It is all as though personal rivalra.es, personal ambitions, and calculations -
. as to the future were still the rule. And some members of the GUNT are sus- -
pected of working harder to regroup their supporters and strengthen the~r
base than they are to serve the country. Moreover, divergent political ob-
- jectives are behind the 11 factions represented in the transitional govern-
ment, and while some people regard regroupings among several politiccmili- -
tary groups as desirable, one can also see the danger of reviving the old ~
quarrels involved in such attempts at unification. For the moment, it is
the differences that seem to be getting the upper hand.
As an example, Chad's Provisional Front for Joint Action (FACP), which was
established in Tripoli last May and has announced its forthcoming congress
{it now calls itself the Front for Joint Action (FAC)), now unites only three
groups rather than the initial six. Following the withdrawal last 16 Novem-
ber of Dr Abba Siddick's original FROLINAT, the FAC also suffered in early _
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, December the withdrawal of Hadjaro Senoussi's fundamental Fk20LINA1' and
Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane's Popular ~tovement for the Liberati~n of Cha3 (2~L~). ~
' Mahamat Abba Said and Ahmat Acyl, known for their Libxan sympathic:s, are ac- "
~ cused of "tribalist intrigues" and of pursuing objectives aimed at jeopardiz-
~ xng the Lagos agrzements on national reconciliation. -
"Tribalist Intrigues"
_ That gives an idea of the commotiaii going on behind the facade of unitary ~
con~~ramise constituted by the GUNT. ~,vo unk~owns further com~licate ths situ- -
, ation and exacerbate--if they do not create--thE cont~adictions. ~l~'lEj7 are -
_ the future intentions of France, whose c:?ntingent of 2,500 soldiers is still
_ in the country, and the attitude that Libya will adopt.
When one knows, for example, that secret propaganda has been undenvay to
convince Chadian government employees, practically all of whom have so far
come from the southern region, of the danger they face if they return to
their jobs in Ndjamena, it becomes clear that there are those who have not
given up thair plans to partitinn Chad. The slowness shown in bringing aid
ta this bankrupt country no doubt arises from the same calculations. And -
_ in the same spirit, one ponders over the nature of the obstacles that have
_ persisted until n~w in Ndjamena to block the arrival of the neutral African
force. That force i~ to consist of fighting men from Congo, Guinea, and
Benin.
_ The startup of that African force took a decisive turn at the end of Novem-
_ ber with the meeting in Brazzavi~le of Presidents Sassou-Nguesso, Kerekou,
= and Sekou Zbure and the lightning-fast visit to Ndjamena on the 20th of the
same month by the three chiefs of state. Everything is ready as far as -
they are co~cerned, and the arrival of the command of that neutral force,
which will be responsible for contributing to the establishment of solid -
peace and genuine national reconciliation in Chad, should not be delayed
past the start of 1980. In any case, its establishment on the spot, which
_ would also .give proof of the Africans' ability to settle their own affairs
and to implement a policy of effective solidarity, is awaited by all of
Chad's martyred inhabitants.
imperative Mission
Setting up the African neutral force seems imperative.
= According to the consensus reached in Lagos last 20 August,
its job will be to help in demilitarizing Ndjamena (from
which all armed forces are to withdraw at least 100 kilo-
meters) and in recovering the clandestine weapons that
_ abound dangerously both in the capital and in the country's
main cities. _
It is also supposed to protect important Chadians and the
civilian population of Ndjamena, Abeche, Foya, Moundou,
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8
~ Sahr, and other places, supervise the special services of
the Armed Forces and, lastly, guarantee free movement thr~ugh-
. out Chadian territoYy. The neutral force's mission should
come to an end as soon as an integrated Chadian military
_ force has been set up.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Afrique-Asie
1179$
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' CHAD
ATTEMPT TO REVI`~E LAKE CHAD OIL PROTECT DESCRIBED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 Jan 80 p 88
[Article: "Attempt to Reactivate a Petroleum Project"]
[Text] Michel N'Ganbet Kosnaye, Chadian minister of econoiny, left Ndjamena
early in January 1980 to undertake a trip to France and the United States
aimed at reactivating the Lake Chad petroleum project which would enable
= his country to become energy-independent.
This project, put on the backburner because of the 1979 events, consists
in exploiting the oil reserves discovered 300 km northwest of the capital =
_ in the Lake Chad region and in building a refinery in Nd~amena where oil
would be moved by pipeline.
According to the statements made by the Chadian Minister of Economy to
AFP, the total cost of the enterprise (exploitation of the oilfields and
building of the pipeline and refinery) is estimated at 25 billion CFA
francs. If this operatiQn were completed, Minister N'Ganbet explained,
= it would give Chad its independence in energy for the 8 coming years during
which decisions could be taken as regards the exploitation of the reserves -
discovered in the country's southern region. The production of the Ndjamena
refinery would initially be 2,000 barrels a day (100,000 tons annually)
and then, after a year, it would be increased to 4,000 barrels. ~
For the reaiization of these projects Chad plans to call on an oil consortium
including CONOCO [Continental Oil Company], Esso, Chevron, and Shell Oil.
As~for financing, it would be done principally by the World Bank, OPEC,
the ADB [African Development Bank], and the Arab Bank for Economic Develop- _
ment in Africa. -
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1980 -
2662
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roii ~~r?~tcrn~. ~rsr. ~N1,5-
CHAD �
BRIEFS
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL COOPERATION--Dr Abba Siddick, Chadian minister of
- higher education, research, and scholarships, met with Robert Galley,
French minister of cooperation, in Paris on 4 January 1980 for dis-
cussions. Dr Siddick surveyed with the latter the conditions under
which the reactivation of French-Chadian cooperation should be effected
- in the field of higher education. Let us recall tha.t Dr Abba Siddick, _
founder of FROLINAT, recently split from his pro-Libyan allies in the
- Ndjamena government. However, he has not relinquished his ministerial -
functions. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in
French 11 Jan 80 p 88] 2662
FAO AGRICULTURAL AID--The FAO has just granted Chad 21,000,000 CFA francs in
_ aid, to enable that count-ry to develop its agricultural sector. [Text] -
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET' NI~DITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 31] 8946
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CONGO
BRIEFS
- FRENCH FINANCING AGREEI~NTS SIGNED--On 27 December the Congo and France sign-
ed a�inancing agreement for a total of 62,750,000 CFA francs, having to do
~ith the elimination of illiteracy in education, within the framework of the
jnstitute for Research and Adult Training of the People's ReFublic of the
Congo. Ec~ouard Laprun, chief of the French Aid and Cooperation Miss;ion,
_ emphasized on that occasion that throughout 1979 the representati:�es of thc
two countries~ had signed 10 agreements for a total of 1,170,000;000 CFA francs,
_ granted in the form af gifts. On 21 December two agreements had been con-
cluded between France an~ the Congo to supply the material necessary for
equipping Co:~golese television with a color network. [Text] [Paris MARC1-IES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 33] 8946
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- ' EQUATORIAL GUINEA
BRIEFS _
FRENCH RELATIONS--The ambassador from Equatorial Guinea in Paris, _
~sono Abaga Ada, on 20 December presented his credentials to President
Giscard d'Estaing at the Elysee. In his speech on that occasion the president
of the Republic stated that he was happy to welcome "the representative of a
country which, after years of shadow and suffering, has been liberated from
_ tyranny. France was restricted to being a witness. Today she is hoping to
form closer relations with all. The concern and willingness of Equatorial
6uinea," Mr Giscard d'Estaing ca~:tinued, "to practice a good neighbor policy, I
its desire to maintain good relations with all countries disposed to cantrib-
ute their cooperation to the work of national reconstruction engaged in by i
;~our government, are in our opinion the surest way for your country to ac-
quire its rightful place on the international scene." The president of the .
Republic had recalled earlier that cooperation agreements between France and -
Equatorial Guinea had been signed in Paris last 28 November. [Text] [Paris _
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERR.ANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 30] 8946 `
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_ GAM~T_A
BRIEFS
UK, EEC AID--In mid-December Great Britain granted a loan of 40,000,000 da-
lasis to Gambia (1 dalasi = approximately 2.25 French francs) as participa-
_ tion in its 1980-1984 development plan. The agreement for this loan wa~ sign-
- ed in Banjul by the high British commissioner, Eric Smith, and the Gambian
minister of Foreign Affairs, Lamin Jabang. On the other hand, Klaus Mayer,
general manager for development of the EEC, arrived in Banjul at the same time -
_ to study, with local authorities, the cooperation between Gambia and the
- Europe of the Nine. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NIEDITERRANEENS in
_ French 4 Jan 80 p 22J 8946
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KENYA _
�
BRIEFS
EASING OF IMPORT REGULATIONS--Kenya's Finance Minister, Mwai Kibaki, recently -
_ announced a series of ineasures considerably easing the import regulation
enacted in December 1978. In the terms of the new provisions; deposit in the
_ Central Bank of a sum equivalent to 100 percent of the cost of the merchandise ~
imported is reduced to 50 percent, except in the case of automobile vehicles
- and text~le products, for which the deposit is still 100 percent; deposit of
25 percent of the value of spare automobile parts imported into CKD [expan-
sion unknown] is reduced to 10 percent; the 10-percent deposit on oil and
petroleum products is canceled; the reQuirement that importers obtain from -
their foreign suppliers a credit of a duration varying from 90 to 180 days is
also canceled (however, this measure is retained for importing automobiles and
textile products); however, the government states that it is strongly encour-
aging importers to obtain from their foreign suppliers a credit duration at
least equal to that which was required up to that time; finally, the total de-
posits will be retained by the Central Bank for a period not to exceed three
_ months. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan
80 p 35-36] 8946
NORWEGIAN FINANCIAL AID--This December Norway pledged to furnish, in the form
of a loan, 130,000,000 shillings (approximately $16,200,000) to Kenya, most
of this amount to be used to finance hydraulic rrojects ($12,500,000) and the
balance for small industries. It should be noted that a dozen Norwegian en- -
gineers are already assisting the Kenyan Hydraulic Development Ministry, as
experts. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NIEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan
80 p 36] 8946
NETHERLANDS FINANCIAL AID--The Netherlands recently decided to grant
$28,000,000 in financial aid to Kenya during 1980, for its economic develop-
ment. This aid was announced on 19 December in Nairobi by President ~
Daniel arap Moi, after a talk with Dutch Ambassador Robert J. Van Schaik.
- [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 3G]
8946 _
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LIBERIA
BRIEFS
COFFEE PRICE INCREASE--The purchase price for Liberia's robusta coffee went
from $.78 to $,90 a pound beginning 1 January. This increase, the chairman
and managing director of the Liberian Produce and Marketing Corporation (LPMC)
stated, is in line with the governmental policy of encouraging a return to
the land and more equitable distribution of the national income. He added
that exports of all products marketed by the LPMC in 1979 (coffee, cocoa and
palm oil products) had totaled 19,000 tons in 1979, against 20,000 tons in -
_ 1978. With almost 10 percent of total Liberian sales, coffee occupies third
- place in Liberia's exports, after iron ore and rubber. [Text] [Paris MARCIIES
_ TROPICAUX ET' MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 27] 8946
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- NIGER
; -
HYDROLOGIC FORECASTING SYSTEM FOR NIGER RIVER BASIN DESCRIBED
Paris MARCH~S TROPICAUX ET NIEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 26
[Text] The Niger River Commission is going tu install a hydrologic forecast-
ing system for the Niger Basin. This project, to be carried out by the World
Meteorological Association (WN10), will be realized in two phases; the first, _
which is to last three years, is financed jointly by the UNDP [UN Uevelopment
Program], OPEC and the ECA [Economic Commission for Africa] for an initial
sum of nearly $5,000,000'~(1,025,000,(?00 million CFA francs). ~
Recent droughts underlined the need to optimize the utilization of available
water resources in the'region. Precise knowledge of these resources and their ~
variations according to climatologic conditions in the various countries of the
- basin should serye as a base for planning by certain vital economic sectors, �
- such as agriculture, which depends in large measure on the precipitation re-
- gime, the variations in level and the flow of the river, as well as the evap-
oration and evapotranspiration rates. `
The long-term objectives of the project are to aid the countries bordering the
- Niger River to better protect human lives and property, to increase the secur-
ity and regularity of river navigation, to improve the planning and execution ~
_ of agricultural programs, to increase the production of the hydro-electric pow-
- er plants and to mitigate the catastrophic effects of droughts.
'!'he immediate objective is to establish a hydrologic forecasting system on the
Miger River and its tributaries, by creating national centers in the partici-
pating countries and an international center for hydrologic forecasting having -
access to data processing methods, in Niamey, and by creating a data acquisi-
. tion system in real time as well as creating telecommunications connections be-
tween the international center and the national centers, for communicating the
forecasts. In addition, the project will install new hydrologic stations and
- improve the existing ones, will train the necessary technical personnel and
_ establish new laboratories and workshops for repair and calibration of instru-
ments and equipment.
The project also has to do with the study of the existing hydrologic and met-
= eorologic data, the needs for hydrologic farecasts in the river basin to im-
- prove the knowledge of the river regimes, modulate the quality of the forecasts
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aiia ~roadcast tliem in due time. Additional studies relative to the mechanism
for disseminating floods in Niger's interior delta will be carried out by qual-
ifiecl teams of experts.
independently of the pursuit of these objectives, the project will also con-
tribute to irnproving environmental conditions along the Niger River and its
- tributaries, making possible planned management of its water resources, and
- to promoting co~peration between the eight countries of the Niger River Com- _
mission; this cooperation will be expanded from the technical field of hydro-
logic forecasts to the joint management of the water resources of the river
basin.
_ We recall that the Niger River Basin Commission includes Benin, Cameroon, the
Ivory Coast, Guinea, Upper Volta, Mali, Niger and Nigeria. Its headquarters
is in Niamey.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1980 .
8946
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NIGER
BRIEFS
PRESIDENT WARNS AGAINST RACISM--On the occasion of the 21st anniversary of
the proclaiming of the Republic of Niger, President Seyni Kountche on
17 December warned his fellow countrymen of the danger of xenophobia fed by
_ "a racism in bad taste." The Niger chief of state remarked that increas-
ing difficulties are appearing in the relations between Nigerois and foreign-
ers, especially Europeans, "whose sought-after presence among us is a neces-
- sity for our country's economic and social development." President Kountche,
on the other hand, affirmed that Niger's economic prospects appear to be under _
happy auspices, but the international community takes,Nzger for "what it is
not" and consequently international aid is becoming poorer in subsidies and -
hPavier in repayable loans, which "penalizes the country and compromises its
development process." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in
French 4 Jan 80 p 26] 8946
ESTIMATED FRUIT-VEGETABLE EXPORTS--The production estimates of fruits
and vegetables in Niger for the 1979-80 season total 1,747 tons of which
705 tons of Bobby string beans, 160 tons of inelons, 725 tons of.onions,~
120 tons of potatoes, 30 tons of tomatoes, and 7 tons of salad greens.'
- Among these different products some are earmarked for supplying the local -
market, notably the town adjoining the Gabous;,~~~ i,iur~~Cy alea. They are
onions, potatoes, and perishable ma.rket garden products such as tomatoes,
salad greens, and some of the Bobby string beans and melons. Taking this
factor into account, estimates of exports to Europe involve a total of
488 tons of which 423 are in Bobby string beans and 65 tons in melons.
Compared to the estimates drawn up for the earlier season and which totaled
- 900 tons of exported fruits and vegetables, one finds a sharp drop in the
targets--in the order of 45 percent--for 1979-80. This significant down-
slide is caused, the "Cole-ACP" notes, by two major factors: First, the
need to supply the local market with fresh market garden products and the
desire to limit imports in this field; and second, the constantly higher _
cost of air transport which burdens export revenues. [Text] [Pa~is
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 Jan 80 p 83J 2662
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SENDGAL
GOVERNN~NT SEEKS INTERNATIONAL AID FOR AGRICULTURE -
+ Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NIEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 22 -
- [TextJ The Senegalese government in late December presented to the interna-
tional community a program for assistance in reserve provisions. The plan in-
_ valves 3,000,000 peasants and 400,000 head of cattle. -
- In fact, because of the 1979-1980 season's cereal shortage, estimated to be
280,000 tons (accentuated by the drop in other production, notably 30,000 tons
= in peanuts), 3,000,000 persons will have to be helped for ten months (from
November 1979 to September 1980).
Overall needs for aid to disaster victims are estimated at 265,000 tons,
36,000 of which are to be furnished by the Senegalese government, which has
- already distributed 9,000 tons of millet in the areas most affected.
Tlie program includes 25,000 tons of rice or its equivalent, destined for sale, -
thus releasing 2,000,000,000 CFA francs, to be used to finance development
projects likely to relieve the cereal shortage. ~
We r.ecall that because of the bad 1977 season the Senegalese government has `
already had to pay 2,500,000,000 CFA francs transportation costs for free dis- -
tribution of nearly 80,000 tons of cereals, and that by virtue of responsibil-
ities stemming from the "distribution of provisions between harvests" program,
tlle Senegalese state released 125,000,000 CFA francs for the budgetary year
- 1979-1980.
On the other hand, nearly 3,000,000,000 CFA francs is the estimated cost of
the program making possible protection of 400,000 head of cattle whose value
is estimated at over 30,000,000,000, and preservation of the reproduction po-
tential of Senegalese livestock. The operation provides for a distribution of
52,000 tons of peanut cattlecakes, 15,000 tons of wheat and veterinary pro-
- ducts amounting to over 80,000,000 CFA francs. '
The Senegalese state has already freed 20,000,000 CFA francs and agreed to a -
subsidy on the price of cattlecakes. Its participation in the program is
figured at 935,000,000. The cattle raisers will receive food and products in ~
return for payment. ~
Finally, the total amount of financing requested from the international com-
- munity is 2,750,000 CFA francs. _
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1980
84g6
Cso: ~+400 26
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SENEGAL
BRIEFS
FRENCH BILATERAL AID IN 1980--Mr de Bonnecorse, chief of the French aid mis~ion
to Dakar, indicated on 27 December that France's aid to Senegal will exceed
30,000,000,000 CFA francs iii 1980. For the last five years that aid has been _
103,000,000,000 CFA francs. On the other hand, French private investments in
Senegal in 1978 were slightly over 13,000,000,000 CFA francs. Senegal is first
- among beneficiaries of subsidies from the Aid and Cooperation Fund in Africa,
second in �echnical assistance with 1,500 cooperants, and third for loans from
the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation. French aid is to go toward large
Senegalese industrial projects (ship repair, chemical industries, cement works)
and developing the iron mines in Eastern Senegal. Mr de Bonnecorse finally
said that "if the French cooperation were in essence disinterested and above
a11 inspired by a feeling of solidarity with the populations of Africa, it _
would no less serve the interests of France," its accompanying activity pro-
curing 150,000 jobs for Frenchmen in France and in Africa. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NIEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 21] 8946 ~
THREE JAPANESE FINANCING AGREEMENTS--Ousmane Seck, the Senegalese Finance and
Economic Affairs minister, and Sono Uchida, the ambassador from Japan to Sen-
egal, on 28 December signed three financing agreements for a total amount of
1,035,000,000 CFA francs. The first gift of 45,000,000 CFA francs is intended
for the acquisition of audio-visual material for education. The second unre-
_ deemable financing agreement, for 330,000,000 CFA francs, will be used to in- -
crease agricultural production in the delta areas. Finally, the last subsidy,
for 660,000,000 CFA francs, is intended for rural water supply. Ousmane Seck
recalled "that first in February and then in July, Senegal and Japan concluded =
important financial cooperation agreements involving the fields of fishing, ag-
- ricultur~ ar.d infrastructures." Japan's total contribution to the development
of Senegal amounts to an envelope of 3,500,000,000 CFA francs. To that sum are
added the subsidies already agreed upon for the primary sector, which, accord-
ing ta the minister, amount to 1,155,000,000 CFA francs. [Text] [Paris MAR-
- CHES TROPICAUX LT I~DITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 21] 8946 -
SECOND PDS RESIGNATION--The pa.rliamentary group of the Senegalese Democratic
Party nc~w includes no more than 16 deputies. In fact, Mafall Fall, in a letter
to the president of the Senegalese National Assembly, made public his decision
to resign from the PDS [Senegalese Democratic Party]. Coming several months af-
ter the departure of Mamadou Fall Puritain, this is the second resignation from
the PDS. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NIEDITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80
p 21J 8946 _
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~APS-AGERPRESS''AGREEN~NT--The Senegalese and Romanian press agencies (APS and
AGERPRESS respectively) on 28 December signed a cooperation agreement provid-
ing especially for exchange of information, photographs and journalists' dele-
gations. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
4 J an 80 p 22~ 8946 .
_ CANADIAN WHEAT DONATION--On 27 December Canada offered Senegal 5,600 tons of
wheat suitable for bread-making, with a value of 350,000,000 CFA francs. This
wheat will be used both to improve the food situation and finance development
projects in the country. In fact, these 5,600 tons of wheat will be sold on
the market and will serve to make up a counterpart fund managed by Senegal and _
the Canadian embassy. [TextJ [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in _
French 4 Jan 80 p 22] 8946
CSO: 4400
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SIERRA LEONE
BRIEFS
IDA LOAN--The International Development Association (IDA), a subsidiary of the~
VVorld Bank, on 28 December granted a credit of $2,500,000 to Sierra Leone for
technical assistance to strengthen the state's planning capability and pre-
pare development projects. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NlEDITERRANEENS ~
I~ French 4 Jan 80 p 27] 8946
CSO: 4400
29
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SOMALIA
REPORT ON SOMALI FOREIGN TRADE, 197~-1978
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in Fren~h 21 Dec 79 pp 3605-3608
_ [Text] The following report is based rigorously on 1977-78 _
= trade figures for the Democratic Republic of Somalia as es-
tablished by the State Commission on Planning, as based on
= the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC).
In 1978 total foreign trade of the Democratic Re~;ublic of Somalia amounted
to about 1.5 billion French francs as compared to 1.25 billion in 1977. The
figures, in millions of Somali shillings (50 So. Sh. = approx. 0.67 FF), are
as follows:
1978 1977 -
- Imports.......... 1,517.94 1,432.8
E~eports.......... 671.03 396.5
A considerable improvement in the balance of trade from 1977 to 1978 is
noticeable. Exports covered imports by only 27.7 percent in 1977 but reached
44,2 percent in 1978. In spite of this jump in percentage, there is still a
= sizeable disproportion.
TABLE SOM-CE-A
Distribution of Somali Imports and Exports
by Category of Product
(in million So. Sh.)
*Official Statistics
Imports Exports
1978 1977 1978 1977
. Fo~d Products 218.53 248.99 646.86 358.46
Beverages and Tobacco 64.23 19.93
Non-comestible raw materials
(except fuels) 61.57 64.05 14.66 23.22
Mineral fuels, lubricants........... 100.78 62.5 1.97 1.01
[Table continued on following page]
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rux ur�r�t~l~ u5~ UNLY
Imports Exports
1978 1977 1978 1977
- Animal and vegetable fats and oils.. 32 51.45
Chemical Products 73.98 95.4 2.48
Manufactured articles categorized
by raw material 304.65 306.1 0.01 6.14
Machines and transport supplies...... 470.85 510.21 0.51 0.69 -
Diverse manufactured articles....... 181.41 60.1 0.7 4.55 =
Miscellaneous (nan-categorized)..... 10.94 14.04 3.83 2.41
TOTAL 1,518.94 1,432.8 671.03 396.5
Somali Imports
Table SOM-CE-A shows the distribution of imports and exports by category of _
product and makes apparent the noticeable variations in the area of consumer .
goods (tobacco and beverages, miscellaneous manufactured articles, for ex-
ample). Three categories occupy a predominant position: transportation
machinery and supplies; finished products classified by their raw materials;
food products.
It is necessary to go into detail in order to know the exact nature of the
most important imports and the causes of the variations recorded.
rood Products
In the food products sector, a bad year agriculturally in 1977 was the
cause of large purchases of grain in foreign markets while in 1978 sugar
took the lead (in millions of So. Sh.):
Somali Foreign Trade (1977/1978)
in millions of Somali shillings
1978 exchange: 1 So. Sh. = 0.68 FF
~1~ IM~ORT~TIONS
tal~-l, af. (6)
C1) ~ IMPoii7AilONS ~ ; . .
. ~ EUNODE ~ .~,~ITALIE~;: 1H.)`
~2~ EXPoRTATIONS III.1 ,�;i4Sl,!' e.e.
� u~a
u3:,~ isu.~ ~g~:.~,K e. (g)
- y ~r � ~ .r: I e~r,es 2.: ~
'~1N,7a ASIE .,IflAK 9~
J' (4):.Fa~ c' 3~~'~ u:: ~ _
K NYA ~
:5~,:: . SI SEOUO. 1.
}"r~'Y, 2~FXPOIITATIlMS c 1NEPQ0 ( 2~
~�;~yY i11 lsll-,. _
l~~ ASIE AFABIC
; SEOUDI"\
3Si.s \
~0~~
: ~ ~ 5151
.
~:;ii~i!~!F:ii ~ : Aufr~ ISA -
;;~~�;~p~;~:~, .~3~ ~~r~. 11~
:~.;,t;;; ~:i ~ 3 )
- ~::w~:::~:~: ,c..
::s:.!~~ ~ ~i:~::
. f .
jKey on following page]
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Key:
1. Imports 7. Great Britain -
2. Exports 8. Netherlands
3. Others 9. Iraq
4. Africa 10. Kenya
5. Asia 11. Saudi Arabia
6. FRG 12. PRC
1977 1978
- Food Products 249 218.5
_ Grain and grain products.... 191.4 31.1
Sugar and its products...... 1.6 78.4
Milk and farm products...... 23.9 66.3
Stimulants 20.7 32.4
Other 11.4 10.3
_ In spite of an abundant livestock resource of cattle and sheep, Somalia was -
obliged to resort to considerable purchases abroad of dairy and farm prod-
ucts (7,232 tons in 1977, 23,400 tons in 1978).
Dairy and farm products come mostly from Europe, but there has been great
variation in country of origin between 1977 and 1978 (in millions of So.
Sh.).
' 1977 1978
Milk and Farm Products........ 23.9 66.3 f
Italy 16.1 0.8
Netherlands 2.9 7.3
West Germany 2.5 44.8
_ United States 0.1 10.8
Great Britain 1.5 -
Other 2.3 1.1 -
Suppliers of grain and grain products are also quite varied (millions of
So. Sh.):
1977 1978
Grain and grain products...... 191.4 31.1 -
Thailand 66.7
- Italy 39.6 3.3
Hong-Kong 27.4
Netherlands 15.3 0.1
China 13.2 3.6
West Germany 12.5 6.4
Singapore 4.4
Djibouti 3.5 5.3
[Table continued on following page]
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i9~~ i9~s -
United States 2.7 3.2
Australia 2
Emirates of the Gulf........ 1.7 2.7
. France 1.1 1
- Canada 0.3 4.1 -
Other 1 1.4 -
In 1978, sugar (78.5 million) was supplied mostly by Brazil (38.2 million)
and West Germany (36.9). Stimulants such as tea, coffee, etc., come mostly
from Kenya, China, and Uganda:
1977 1978
Stimulants 20.7 32.4
Kenya 13.7 . 10.9
- China 3 6.2
Uganda 1.5 6.7
Sri Lanka 0.1 4.8
Other 2.4 3.8
Imports of tobacco, both raw and processed, and beverages, are increasing
rapidly, quintupling between 1977 and 1978:
1977 1978
Beverages and Tobacco......... 19.9 64.2
Beverages 3.5 10.8
Tobacco 16.4 53.4
Ethiopian "Kat"
The market in raw materials which are in principle non-comestible, has been
stable. In 1967 the main product was an "uncategorizable" vegetable mate-
rial called "kat" (Catha Edulis), which is chewed for its stimulant proper-
ties and which is supplied in large quantities mostly by Ethiopia. 1977
and 1978 figures are:
1977 1978
Non-comestible raw materials.. 64.1 61.6
~~Kat" 36.1 32.8
(from Ethiopia) (34.4) (29.7)
Textile fibers 2.1 18.3
Wood 19.6 5.4
Other 6.3 5.1
Imports of petroleum products went from 85,000 tons to 145,000 tons (62.5 ~
to 100.5 million So. Sh).
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The market in animal and vegetable oils and fats, mostly coco oil in 1977,
is relatively r~duced:
1977 1978
_ Oils and Fats 51.5 32
Coco oil 45.1 14.7
(10,435 t) (2,317 t) -
Other 6.4 17.3
Singapore continues to supply Somalia with a sizeable oil ration: 8,932
_ tons for 3~9.1 million So. Sh. in 1977 and 2,630 tons for 13.4 million in
1978. In 1978 Malayan de:liveries included a quantity of soy oil (1,097 .
' tons, 5.1 million So. Sb..).
Limited Purchases in Plastics
There are three categories of chemical products: pharmaceuticals, mineral
- or organic base~ miscellaneous products, including insecticides (in mil-
lions of So. Sh.):
1977 1978
Chemical Products 95.4 74
Medical or pharmaceutical
products G7o5 20
Miscellaneous products...... 19.1 24.6
Base elements 14.9 14.7
Other 13.9 14.7
including -
(Paints, varnish)......... (6.7) (7.5)
(Fertilizer)....... (3.9)
(Perfume, toiletries)..... (2 ) (4.4)
Base plastic materials are relatively minor as compared to most African na-
tions where there are sizeable purchases of resins: 1977, 134 tons for
1.3 million So. Sh.; 1978, 190 tons for 2 million.
In finished goods categorized by base raw material, five categories deserve
- special mention:
I977 1978
Manufactured articles
according to material......... 306.1 304.7
Metals and simple
metal products 92.1 142.2
- Non-metallic articles, ~
especially construction
materials 64.4 50.3
_ [Table continued on following page]
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1977 1978
Textiles (from thread to
finished goods)....... . 52 68.2 -
Paper and cardboard
articles 51.7 16.2
Rubber goods . 43.4 21.4 -
Other 2.5 6.4 -
Sizeable Purchases of Metal Goods
Italy placed rei~arkably well in the metals market (millions of So. Sh.):
Total Articles Metal Italy
1977 92.1 44.7
1978 142.2 100.7
Cement leads non-metal products and comes from diverse origins: -
Cament Total USSR Italy Kenya West Germany
1977.... 55.5 24 14 2.8
197�3.... 42.1 0.4 10.2 10.2 7.5
There are 38 to 40 suppliers of textiles, including China, Saudi Arabia,
India and Italy.
1977 1978
Textiles 52 68.2
China 12 5.9
Saudi Arabia 5.9 10.4 _
India 5.1 10.2
Italy 5.1 8.9
Japan 4.4 3.9
' Pakistan 3.6 9.9 _
Southern Yemen 3.6 5.2
Other 12.3 13.8
In 1977 Sweden had almost 80 percent of the market in paper and cardboard. ~
Imports were more equably distributed in 1978, but volume was weak.
1977 1978
Paper and Cardboard........... 51.7 16.2
Sweden.......o 40.8 4.5 .
Italy 8.8 9.2
Great Britain 1.1 0.6 -
Other 1 1.9 _
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Rubber goods imported were 75 to 85 percent tires, infl;~tible or not.
- There were a half doz~n noteworthy suppliers:
1977 1978
Rubber Goods 43.4 21.4 -
Singapore 18.7 4.9
China 13.7 7.3
_ Ita1y 7.1 1.1 ~
U.S.A 1.3 2
Japan 3.5
India 1.1
- Other 2.6 1.5
TABLE SOM-CE-B
Somalia: Imports of
Transport Machines and Supplies
(in millions of So. Sh.) _
Non-electrical Electrical Transport ~
Machines Machines Supplies
1977 197E 1977 1978 1977 1~Z8 -
Total 196.7 112.7 118.5 59.8 195 298.3
_ Italy 76.4 45.6 48.6 32.1 81.2 131.3
USSR 60.4 0.3 19.6 0.3
Great Britain............ 21.9 15.6 56 8.4 23.4 58.6
China 12.6 8 5.4 3.6 2.9 2.4
West Germany 8.9 14.5 1.7 4.5 12.6 13
France 3.9 3.9 0.2 0.5 6.4 2
East Germany...........o. 3.3 0.3 5.3 0.6
U.S.A 2.4 10.1 1.2 1.1 1 1.5
- Austria 1.3 6.7
Bulgaria 1.3
Singapore 8.5 2.2 1.3 1.8 7.4
Sweden 0.4 10 1 -
Belgium 0.1 0.2 8.9 1.5
= Djibouti 0.3 0.1 1.2 4.7 12.5
Japan 0.1 0.4 0.6 4 25.7
Southern Yemen........... 0.2 0.1 3.2 0.2
_ Kenya 0.8 0.5 0.4 2.1 21
Arab Emirates............ 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 7.9
Korea..~ 1.2 -
- Saudi Arabia 0.8 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.6 7.2
= Other 1.4 2.7 1.7 1.4 0.4 2
- The market for imports of machinery and transportation supplies is by far -
~ the most important. It can be divided into tr.ree categories (in millions
_ of So. Sh.):
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_ 1977 1978
Non-electrical machinery...... 196.7 112.7
Electrical machines and
apparatus 118.5 59.8
_ Transport engines and vehicles 195 298.3 -
Total 510.2 470.8
Table SOM-CE-B gives details of these imports by ma~or supplier country.
The most constant of these are Italy, Great Britain, West Germany, and
China. There have been large variations to the detriment of the USSR and
Japan has made a forceful entrance into this market.
Clothing and Precision Measuring Instruments
Miscellaneous manufactured goods are lead by clothing and precision scien- _
_ tific apparatus, including measuring device5. Figu~res vary enormously.
- 1977 1978
Miscellaneous manufactured -
goods 60.1 181.4
Clothing 22.1 41 -
Precision and measuring
instruments 11 69.1
Furniture 4.6 21.1
Sanitary fittings and
_ accessories 2.5 5.7
Shoes..o 2.5 13.3
Miscellaneous 17.4 31.2*
-
(*The above figures have been excerpted from the official publication of
the State Commission for Planning).
It is difficult with sufficient distance to comment on the above spread.
We will content ourselves with none but the principal suppliers (officially)
of the above mentioned articles. They are in general quite varied.
Of 40 countries supplying Somalia with clothing, a dozen should be pointed
out:
- 1977 1978
Clothing 22.1 41
Saudi Arabia 4.2 11.2
~?~l4~ China 4 2
Japan 3.2 3
= Hong-Kong 2.1 6.9
Djibouti 1.7 2
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, 1977 1978
~ India 1.5 1.4
Italy 1.3 2.3
Southern Yemen 1.1 2.5
Pakistan 0.2 6.7
Emirates of the Gulf........ 0.8 1.5
_ Shoes are supplied mainly by India, Hong Kong, Italy and D~ibouti:
1977 1978
Shoes 2.5 13.3 -
Italy 0.8 2.4
Romania 0.8
India 0.3 3.7 -
Hong Kong 0.1 3.2
. Djibouti 1.5
O~her 0.5 2.5
Two important suppliers of ineasuring instruments are the Netherlands and .
Italy. _
1977 1978
Measuring instruments......... 11 69.1
Italy 2.8 6.9
Gre~t Britain 2.5 0.6
West Germany 1.7 2
= Netherlands 1 57.2
Other 3 2.4
1978 Dutch ~upplies were exclusively non-electric medical apparatus (57.2
million So. Sh.).
It was Italian furniture that occasioned the 1978 expan5ion in this type ~
- of inerchandise: 17.1 million So. Sh. of a total purchase amount of 21.1
million. Italy also, this year, provided 15.4 million of 27.7 million in =
miscellaneous goods.
Europe Continues As Best Provider
- In 1978, the distribution of imports on a world-wide model was as follows
(in million So. Sh.):
Europe 900.8 (59.3%)
EEC 560.5
Eastern Europe 14.6
Other European Countries.... 25.6
[Table continued on following page]
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Asia 374.7 (24.7%)
Middle East 168.3
Other Asian countries....... 206.4 -
Africa 160.3 (10.6%)
America 82 (4.4%)
North America 43.8
Central and South America... 38.2
Australia 1.1
Total 1,518.9
- Foreign suppliers to Somalia do not all achieve a perfect regularity of
- business volume from year to year. Enormous positive and negative fluctua-
- tions can be observed in Table SOM-CE-C. This often stems from the fact
that certain markets (petrcleum or foods) are subject to chance events.
The 1978 38.2 million So. Sh. to Brazil, for example, was exclusively for
22,056 tons of sugar. 1977 purchases from Brazil by Somalia were prac-
tically nothing (150 So. Sh.). The variations can also be explained by
some economic and political factors. In 1977, the USSR was the second
place provider to Somalia with 175 million So. Sh. In 1978, it was in
21st place with 9.2 million.
TABLE SOM-CE-C
Somali Imports: 1977/1978 _
Principal Suppliers
(in millions of So. Sh.)
*official statistics
- 1978 1977
- Italy 459.2 406 _
- West Germany 159.7 74.1
Great Britain 146.7 132.2
Netherlands.......e........... 79.3 28.4
Iraq 72.2 3.9 -
Kenya 70.3 41.8 _
Saudi Arabia 58.3 14.3 -
- People's China 51 93.5
Singapore 39.2 72.8
- Japan 39.1 13
USA 38.7 11.8 '
Brazil 38.2
Djibouti 35.4 16 =
Ethiopia 30.2 36.1
India 28.5 15.6
United Emirates 26.7 4.5
Pakistan 25.7 4.2
Switzerland 15.8 11.2
Tanzania 15.4 2.7
- [Table continued on following page]
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- 1978 1977
Hong Kong 14.3 34.5
France 10.2 18.2 _
Southern Yemen 8.6 9.4 "
- Sweden 7.5 51.9
Uganda 6.9 1.5
Sri Lanka 4.9
Canada 4.1 0.3
- Belgium 3.6 18.3 -
Korea 3.1 0.1
Romania 2.7 0.8
Greece 2.3 3.8
Denmark 1.8 9.3
- EgYPt 1.6 0.4
East Germany 1.1 0.4
Iran 1.1 0.4
Australia 1 6
Thailand 66.7 -
Kuwait 0.9 19.3
Austria 0.5 8.7
Yugoslavia 0.7 4.4
- Bulgaria 2 ~
~ Italy: Well in the Lead
~
The most regular suppliers, whose opexations cover a considerable range of
_ merchandise and products, are, in first place, Italy (30.23 percent of the
. total of 1978 imports, 2$.34 percent of 1977), Great Britain, West Germany,
and Kenya, a close African neighbor.
Italy makes a noticeable appearance in all the markets. Great Britain
is well represented in the areas of tobacco, transport supplies, and elec- _
trical machinery. West Germany has greatly increased its exports to
Somalia because, outside grain, chemical products, nachines and vehicles,
it has al:;o sold in 1978 a great quanrity of sugar and dairy products.
The Netherlands owes its exceptional 1978 figures to a large delivery of
medical and surgical apparatus. Iraq, who supplied only a small part of
Somalia's oil needs in 1977, by 1978 was well in the forefront as a primary ~
source (68.8 of 100.5 million So. Sh. total imports).
Kenya, Somalia's best African supplier, furnishes stimulants, cement and
transport vehicles. Saudi Arabia, second place seller of oil (16.7 million
- in 1978) also delivers cement and textiles. The People's China, on the
other hand, lost a part of its Somalian textile clientele in 1978 but con-
tinues to furnish grain, machines, and rubber. Rubber is also of interest
to Singapore, whose principal commercial activity in Somalia, however, is -
- food oils, and to a lesser extent, transport supplies. Japan is gaining _
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ground with its vehicles. The United States enters the market consider-
ably with food products (grain, milk, oil) and somewhat less with non-
- electric machinery. Brazil is an occasional supplier of sugar. D~ibouti
seems to be serving as an intermediary for French merchandise. Ethiopia _
sells practically nothing besides "kat" to Somalia. India and Pakistan
furnish this country with fiber for sacking and miscellaneous textile
articles. The Emirates sell a little oil, of course, but also grain,
textiles, mac~iines aiid vehicles. And finally, Russia, who was present
in all the 1977 markets (especially machines, oil, cement, vehicles, and -
wood) by 1978 figur~d~`in petroleum pzpducts (8 million So. Sh.) only. -
Somalian Exports
Saudi Arabia, Leading Customer
_ Somalia has only five or six important customers in the world, or even
noteworthy. It can even be said that serious customers number only two
_ or three: Saudi Arabia, Italy, and the United Arab Emirates (see Table
SOM-CE-D).
- TABLE SOM-CE-D -
Somali Exports: 1977/1978
Principal Customers
(in millions of So. Sh.)
*official statistics
1978 1977
Saudi Arabia 575.1 263.8
Italy 53.5 57.8
Arab Emirates 23 19.1
- China 6 2.3
Kenya 2.3 1.1
Netherlands 2.3
- Northern Yemen 1.9 0.5
Djibouti 1.8 0.5 -
USA 1.5 0.1
Kuwait 1.3 1.1
Tanzania 0.7 1.4
Southern Yemen 0.3 2.4
Great Britain 0.2 8.1
France 0.2 0.3
USSR 0.1 13.9
East Germany 0.1
Austria 0.1
- Denmark 0.1
Pakistan 0.1 0.2 -
[Table continued on following page]
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1978 1977 _
Singapore 7.5 =
- Uganda 6.8
Switzerland 7.5
Iran 1.1
_ World distribution of Somali exports is as follows (million So. Sh.):
1977 1978
Total 396,498.4 671,033.3 _
- Europe 83,741.8 56,574.9
(21.1%) (8.4%) -
including EEC 66,398.5 56,265.5
Eastern Europe...... 13,908.4 223.2
- Others 3,434.9 86.2
Asia 298,536.9 607,811.9
_ (75.3%) (90.6%)
including Near-East........... 288,601.6 601,632
Others 9,935.3 6,179.9
Africa 9,996 4,893.8 _
(2.5%) (0.8%)
America 137.7 1,454.6
(0. 2%) -
Oceania and others............ 4,086 298.1
- (1. I%)
The weighty position of the Middle East, which in 1978 absorbed 92.6 per-
cent of Somali exports, should be noted.
- If the balance of trade for Somali is calculated by continents, export-
- import balance of trade is as follows: ~
M. So. Sh. %
Europe 56.6/900.8 6.28
Asia 607.8/374.7 162.21
Africa 4.9/160.3 3.06
America...........o........... 1.5/82 1.83
- True, Somalia doesn't have many products to export. The figures for 1978
sales to Saudi Arabia furnish the evidence.
Total exports to Saudi Arabia: 575.1 million So. Sh. (85.7 percent of
Somalia's total foreign sales) including live animals, 565.6; fruits and
vegetables, 7; others, 2.5 (of which 1.6 were processed petroleum products
sold to Saudi Arabia and the Emirates). _
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Export exchanges with Italy were as follows (in millions of So. Sh.):
Total 53.5
Fruits and vegetables....... 43.4
Leather and skins........... 7.9 -
Other 2.2 ,
- With United Arab Emirates:
Total 23
Live animals 22.2
Other 0.8
With China:
Total 6
Leather and skins........... 4.1
Returned merchandise........ 1.1
Other 0.8
With Kenya:
Total 2.3
Fish 1.4
- Live animals 0.7
Other 0.2
Table SOM-CE-A presents Somalia's total foreign sales. Examination of this
table will show that the greatest ma~ority of sales are in the area of raw
materials. Some 1978 detail follows (in millions of So. Sh.):
TOTAL 1978 EXPORTS............ 671 -
Live animals 588.7
Including cattle............ 100.9
sheep 192.3
goats 255
dromedairies...... 40.5 _
Meat 0.3 -
Farm products (milk, ~
butter, eggs) 0.7
Fish and fish products...... 2.6
Fruits and vegetables....... 54.2
including bananas........... 54.6
other 0.4
Leather and skins........... 12
Gum-arabic, etc 2.5
Kerosene 1.9 -
Opium alkaloids (cocaine,
etc.) 2.2 '
Miscellaneous 1.7
- Returned merchandise........ 3.8
Except for the kerosene which Somalia produces and delivers to the majority -
of the countries furnishing crude oil, Somali exports are mostly vegetable
and animal products receiving no processing. It is regrettable that a bet-
ter profit cannot be drawn from such abundant and interesting pastures and -
- orchards.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1979
8R6o ~3
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SOUTH AFRICA _
BRIEFS -
RAND REVALUATION RIA~IOR--As a result of the increase in the price of gold,
the South African rand will probably be revalued by 10 percent at the time
of the budget presentation at the end of March. The British daily EVENING _
STANDARD reports rumors to this effect have been heard in exchange circles.
- [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 1 Feb 80 p 274]
CSO: 4400
,
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.
TANZANIA
BRIEFS
STRENGTHENING OF FRENCH RELATIONS EXPECTED--Back home, in December, from a
visit to France during which he was.the guest of Alain Poher, president of
the Senate, Adam Sapi, the speaker of..the Tanzanian National Assembly, told
, the local press that he was expecting tigs betwen France and Tanzania to be
strengthened. The speaker, who was accompanied by four Tanzanian deputies,
- was thus returning a visit made by French members of Parliament to Tanzania
in 1971. Mr Sapi also went to the headquarters of the European Parliament in
Strasbourg in the course of this visit. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
NI~DITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 36] 8946 ~ ;
~FAIN STORAGE CAPACITY INCREASED--The National Milling Corporation (NMC) of
Tanzania decided to bring its total grain storage capacity from 266,000 tons . -
to 528,000 tons in 1981, to face the growing food demand in the country. It
should be noted that according to those in charge the NMC had purchased _
340,000 tons of grain for the parmers in June 1979, which was 74,000 tons more -
than its storage capacity. Part of these harvests is therefore dest}ned to be
destroyed. The NMC, on the other hand, has had poor years since 1975. It
has a bank overdraft of 2,3~D0,000 Tanzanian shillings. One may wonder,'under�
those conditions, how it is to realize the program of work it has anticipated.
_ [Text] [Paris MARG~iES TROPICAUX ET N~DITERRANEENS in French 4 Jan 80 p 36J
8946
CSO: '~400
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ZAIRE
ECONOMIC, CULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC AGREEMENTS SIGNED WITH FRANCE
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Dec 79 p 3631
[Textj The business meetings of the higher Franco-Zairian joint commis-
sion began on 10 December at Kinshasa. In attendance were Robert Galley,
French minister of cooperation, and Mushobekwa Kalimba wa Katana, Zairian -
state commissioner for public works and territorial development. The
meetings ended at the end of the week with the two ministers present at
the closing session. -
According to the final communique made public at Kinshasa on 15 December, ~
France will assign 300 million French francs to projects for educational -
development and cooperation in Zaire.
On the other hand, 11 financial agreements amounting to 13.9 million
francs were signed between the two countries.
The communique also stressed the priorities for French cooperation in the
fields of agriculture and rural development, transportation and communica-
tions, mining, power, health and education, as well as in the telecommuni-
cations and aerial transport sectors.
Finally, it was dec~ded to establish a National Institute for Biomedical
Research.
~ French Cooperation in Zaire
Thus, in 1980, aid from France to Zaire, which was 265 million francs in
1979, will increase to approximately 300 million francs. This aid includes
subsidies, technical assistance and loans. In addition, a special treasury
loan in the amount of 100 Million francs has just been awarded to the
Zairian Government.
French-Zairian cooperation is especially strong in the fields of rural
development, infrastructures, industrial development, and higher educa-
- tion. There are 234 cooperative positions open in Zaire, including
122 for technicians and 112 for teachers.
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Ln the rural development sector, the Aid and Cooperation Fund (FAC) has
five projects underway at the present time:
--a plarining team for the State Agricultural Commission;
, ,
--two truck~farming aperations, ttie first in the suburbs of Kinshasa, .
for which a r~ea~ 1,000 hectare program, spread over 6 years is planned, _
with the participation of the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation (CCCE);
the second, near Mbanza-Ngungu, in tlie Lower Zaire region;
--development of corn cultivation, in the eastern Kasai region;
--development of cattle raising in Ituri, in the Upper Zaire region, in
conjunction with the World Bank, Canada and the Federal Republic of Germany.
~ Regarding the infrastructure, France's activities involve assistance to
both the Off ice for Urban Study and Development and the Highway Board,
and to complementary studies concerning the Zairian national transport
highway from Shaba to its maritime;outlet, via llebo, Kinshasa and Matadi.
In~the mining sector, since 1964, French intervention has consisted of
_ support~for the mining commission whose development arose from the mining
survey studies entrusted to the Geological and Mineral Prospecting Office
(BRGM) by the Government of Zaire.
The Zaire National Electric Company (SNEL), is also benefiting fro~ ~
French assistance through supervision of the construction of the Inga~I'I
dam on the Lower Zaire, modernization of the Kinshasa electrical network,
and training operations.
France has granted a great deal of assistance for operations which are
presently underway which mainly have to do with the establishment of a
large telecommunications television broadcasting satellite network.
French cooperation is also a force in the fields of vocational training
and health. France is also conducting several large-�scale operations in
education: the geological university commisrion in Lubumbashi, in the
Shaba region; the reform of mathematics education; and especially in the
field ot technical education (constructing and equipping an industrial
technical institution).
Franco-Zairian Cooperation: Four Priorities
On December 11, at Lubumbashi, French Minister of Cooperation Robert
Galley was received by President Mobutu Sese Seko. This visit, which
paralleled the Kinshasa meeting of the greater Franco-Zairian joint
, commission permitted the French minister to recall the four main priori-
ties of Franco-Zairian coop eration.
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Rural development is the first priority of this cooperative effort. As
evidence of this, Mr Ga'lley arrived in the Ituri region on 13 December
to visit an agricultural operation (cattle breeding) started under the
aegis of a joint act of France, the World Bank, the FRG and other finan-
- cial backers.
_ The development of infrastructures is in second place, and France has
undertaken "a certai.n number of operations and studies which are very
important in the f ield of roads, co~nunications and information."
The third plank in this cooperative effort includes assistance for train-
ing in the f ields of education and science, "a mission which is accom-
panied," continued Mr Galley, "by an effort in the f ield of cu].ture." In
this connection, he ~nphasized that taking into account the considerable
- importance which Zaire enjoys among all French-speaking nations, France
- is paying particular attention to increasing oultural centers "so that
French culture may be present" in Zaire. France has opened two cultural
centers in Zaire, at Kinshasa and at Kisangani, and another center is to
be opened by Mr Galley at Lubumbashi.
Finally, France is in evidence in the field of mining, where the BRGM
and various French companies believe that they will be able to move fY�~m
the prospecting stage to the operating stage. Primarily, this involuE:..s
the Tenke-Fugurume Mining Company, in which the BRGM is the majority
stockholder, and which would mine copper and cobalt in the Shaba region.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1979
9174
_ CSO: 4400 E~
48 ~
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