JPRS ID: 8654 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100090013-7
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• Document Page Count: 33
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• Sequence Number: 13
• Content Type: REPORTS

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i2 SEPTEM6ER i979 No. i~ i OF i
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JPRS L/8654
12 September 19?9
Sub-Saharan Africa Re ort
p
FOUO Nc~. 648
~
FBiS FOREIGiV gROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICiAL USE O~LY
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NOTE ~
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JPRS L/8654
_ 1~ september 1.s 79
SUB-SAIIARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. 648
CONTENTS PAGE
INTER-AFftICAN AF~'A7RS ~
Slippage of OAU Founders Noted _
(Abdelaziz Dahmani; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 8 Aug 79) 1 -
Views on Senegal-Angola Accommodation Reported
(AFRIQUE-AS:IE, 20 Aug-16 5ep 79) 3
UNDP Re ort on Aid to Drought-Stricken Af~ica
~MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEE,VS, 3 A~ 79) ~
Briefs
Keeping Secret at OAU Difficult 7
Malagasy Army Will Support Seychelles 7
Nguesso Power Seizure Worries Neighbors 7
CONGO
Report on Special Session of PCT Central Committee
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 10 Aug 79).. 8
LIBERIA
To].bert Facing Political Crisis Follcrwing OAU Summit
(Jos-Blaise Alima; JEITNE AFRIQUE, 15 Aug 79) 9
MADAGASCAR
Briefs ,
Marble Palace, Bunker for Ratsiraka 12
MOZAMBIQUE
Nachel's Remarks on Private, State Sectors
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET P~D~TE~NS, 17 Aug 79)... 13
- a- [III - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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ruet urrt~l~u. U5~ UNLY
CON~i'~NTB (Con~iriued)
1VIGER
ONERSOL Director Di.scunses OfPice's Role, Flanding
(Abdou Moumouni Interview; JETJN,E AFRIQUE, 15 Aug ?9) 15
~ Briefs `
President Receives Cuban Offici.al ~9 ~
President Addresses Nation 19
S~N~GAL
Economic Data 1.978--Firet Qu~rter ~97g _
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET ME.DITERRANFENS, 10 Aug 79)... 20 _
SOU'rH AFRICA
Ambassador to France Will Reaign 22
TAMT~AN7A
~ Technological Program Threatened 1~ith Slowdown
(Francois Soudan; JEUN~ AFRIQUE, 15 Aug 79) 23
Briefs _
War Slaws Development Programs 26
i0G0
Briefs
Recent Production Statistics 27
UGAND~
Briefs
'Minister' to Tanzania 28
- b -
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INTER-AFRTCAN AFFAIRS
~
SLIPPAGE dF OAU FOUNDERS NOTED
Paiis JEUNE AFRIQtJE in French 8 Aug 79 p 15
[Articte by Abdelaziz Dahmani: "The Decline of the Founding Fathers:]
[T~xt] Ahid~o, Nyerere, Senghor, Sekou Toure...they were four, 3n M~onrovia,
among those who created the OAU [Organization of African Unity] in 1963 in
Addis Ababa. Crowned with the halo of "founding fathers," they were
allotted a few prestigious xo7L~s. Preaident Senghor, dean of Chia assembly
consisting of 26 Ch{ais of stD~Q, 3 vi=~ pr~eaidents, 5 prime ministere, and
other reprasentativns of the 49 membera of the OAU, was elected first
vice presidenC of th~ conference. He was thus in charge of directing some
: debates. The openiag address w~s assignec~ to Ahmadou Ahid~o, and the
closiag addr~sa Co Ahmed Sekou Toure, so that, between Chose two, the
main themes on the perspectives, philosophy and aCakes of this 16tii summit ~
were enuaciated.
~ But there was, in Monrovia, a diffuse feeling aanouncing the dacline of the
spirit of the OAU such as it had been defined in 1963 in Addis Ababa. The
charter itaelf, resting as it did on "noninterference" aad perpetuating
frontiers inherited from colonialism, was for the first time openly
challenged. And the "founding fathers" were not able to avoid controveray.
A few symptons: The swmmit remained unmoved by a~spaech, which was, however,
quite praiseworthy, by President Ahidjo, puttiag his peers on guard against _
"playing the game of external powers, interests and ideologies." The
Cameroonian chief of state spoke in vain about tolerance: Everyone, at
that moment; was sharpening his weapons. No soaner had he finished his
speech, sgoken in the presence of Kurt Waldheim (UN), Makhtar M'Bow (UNESCO),
Chedlin Klibi (Arab League), and many other imp�,rtant observers, than a
storm burst on the sub3ect of the Uganda-Tanzania affair. The accused was
none other than Julius Nyerer~, another sage, charged with "illegal occu-
pation" of Uganda. It was only, in a way, the previous excesses of Idi
Amin which saved Nyerere.
The next morni.ng, Leopold Sedar Senghor was presiding. He requested, in -
. order to offset de2ays in the work of the summit, to rationalize contributions
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to Che debatie, and to limit each apeaker to 15 m~.nutes. No sooner had he
finiahed than ~he president of the SeychQlles, F'rance-Albert Rene, wae at
the rostrum for a very long speech, paseing very harah ,judgmentg on
numerous countries and on other chief.s of atate. He was the one who wae
applauded. It's a queaCion of cllques.,,
President Sekou Toure, in turn, did noC escape some banter~ng when he apoke
of an "African executive" in the manner cf Nkrumah, or when he pronounced
- a satisFecit on the assembly: "you are a11. revolutionariea..." This
kind of lyriciem no longer takes,
Tt~e OAU in 1979 has declined in luster, in generooity and in gifCed
. nratore. RetorCa have become aggr~saive. In Chis climata, the "fuunding
fathers" appear as more of an embarrasament than an ob~ecC of reapect. The
atyl~s that prevail are those of the ~?0-to-45-year-o1da. They may be
diacreet mediators like Gnassinbe Eyadema (Togo), Mouaea Traore (Mali),
Olusegun Obasan~o (Nigeria); or else, seizing upon a cauae, they may defend
it with grira energy, like Didier Ratsiraka (Madagascar), Matthieu Kerekou
(Benin), France-Albert Rene (Seychelles). Even those of the intermediate
age grade among chiefs of atate, such as Neto, Siad Barre, Lamizana,
Nwnayri and Tolbert, regardless of their political choica, Aeem outdis-
tanced by the style and rhythm of the under 50's. The acceleration of
changes at the head of states complicatea mattera even further. Seven
countries have changed pre~idents, two or three times for some of them,
~ince the OAU summit in 1978. The "founding fathers" thus take on the
nature of historical monuments, speaking a language which is litCle under-
stood by the new generation. -
COPYRIGHI': Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1979
9347
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INT~R-AF'~2ICAN AF~AIftS
VIEWS ON S~N~GAL-ANGOLA ACCOMMODATION REPORT~D
Paris AFKIQII~-ASIE in French No 194-195 20 Aug-16 Sep 79 p 37
~ [Text~ According to the Dalcar daily "LE SOL~IL," President Senghox met in
Monrovia toirh President Agostinho Neto on Che occasion of the 16th (~r1U sum-
miC.
It is well known tha~ ~ number of African chiefs of state had repeatedly
artempted Co convince the S eiegalese president that his government wus
wrong in refusing to recognize Che Luanda popular governmenC headed by
_ Dr Agostinho Neto. The pretexCs invoked by Dakur--such as the preaence of
Cuban volunteers in Angola--are all the more unconvincing given Che fact
that most if not all European, Afrioan and Arab countries have already
recognized the legal government proclaimed by the MPLA following Che de-
feat of the puppet UNITA and FNLA grnups supported by South African and
Z~irian troops. Even Mobutu finally agreed to abandon the fiction he had
always entertained in order;:to justify his opposition to the Luanda govern-
ment.
Be that as it may, President Neto~s position is unequivocal: it is inad-
r~a.ssible that Luanda should accept the fact that Sen~gal is continuing its
suhport Eor UNITA, certain of whose members (including JonAS Savimbi) hold
Senegalese passports, or that it should intervene in Angolan domestic
policies. To speak of Senegal's desire to see a government of "national
unity" integrating the MPIA and the puppet movements opposing it, as did
Senegalese Minister of For eign Affairs MousCafa Niasse, is as inColerable
an inCerference as Luanda dictating conditions Cou~~rrow about the Se
Sencgalese internal situation.
If the results of the exchanbe of views between Neto and Senghor is still
not kno~,m, one thing is certain: neither Angolan foreign policy nor the
presence of volunteer Cuban internationalists in Angola constitute sub,jects
am~n~ble to negotiations. All the more so since it is no secret that the
latters' presence is directly related to the constant Chreat consCituted by
the South African aggressions against Angola.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Afrique-A~ie
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INTER-AFItICAN AFFAIRS
UNDp REPORT ON AID TO DROUGHT-STRICKEN AFRICA
Paris MARCHES TR~pY~~ ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 3 Aug 79 p 2145
[Text] The 26th sesaion (June 1979) of tha Adminiatrative Cauncil of L~e
UN Development program (UNDP) has made available a report compiled
through the services ~f that organization on aseieCance to drought-stricken
African regions and to ad~acent regiona.
In 1978, wiCh the exception of Cape Verde, which ie atill severely affected
by the drought, and has been daclared an 80 percent disaster area, all of
the seven oCher countries of the Sahel (Gambia, Upper Volta, Mali~
Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Chad) which are aleo members of the Permanent
Interstate Comm~tt~e to Fight the Drought in the Sahel (CILSS) bsnefitad
from an improvement in general weather conditions.
In all of the countriea of the Sahsl, the yield of the 1978-1979 growing
season was greater than that of the preceding season. However, it was not
sufficient to provide for all of the requirements of the population in
1979. Meeting at Nouakchott in December 1978, the minieters of the countriea
ir.~olved requested emerg'~ncy food sid of 350,000 tons of grain from the
international community to make up the crop deficit of the 1978-1979
eaason. The situation can be outlined by country as followa.
~ppE yEgDE__The food crop deficit for 1979 is eatimated at 70,000 tons
(corn, beans, riceediblehoils~andh~owdered milkl(11f000dtonstin all)1 In
ability of augar, P ~
1~78, the food crop deficit was made up by international aid, tha principal
c'onora being Australia, Belgium, the EEC, tha UniCed States, France, Great
ritain, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the World Food Program.
4n 1 October 1978, the cattle population showed a loss of 64X over 1968
(15,080 heads compared to 41,800).
GAMBIA--Approximatiely one-fifth of the 1978 food crop production was
deatroyed by unseasona]. raina. Requirements are estimated at 20,000 tons
of grain.
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~Oit n~'F'YCIAi, II5~ ~NLY
-
Ggmbiu wtte the benefiniary nE bil~ternl aid for tha developmenC nt her
agricultural aector. In the we~tern half of the country, ~o~.nL ~in~ncin~3
of $11.7 million was awarded by the World Bank, GreaC Britnin, and Cha
~ Arabian Development Bank. In tha e~stern ha~.f, a rice production pro~eCt
was undertaken with Chine~e ~id ($5 cnillion).
' UPPER VOLTA--Th~ 1978-1979 grain crop production (millet, s~rghum, corn
and rice) in Upper Vo1tn ia estim~ted at 1.15 mill.ion tons, ns compnred
to requiremente of about 1.28 million tone. The deficit, which is
considerably smAller Chnn ehat of the preceding aengon, will be Eilled by
the EEC and U5AYD. In addition, S~udi Arabia supplied 2,200 tnn~ af ~orghwm.
MALI--The 1978-1979 growing se~s~n ~s consider~d satisfnctory. tlowever,
the grain defic:.t (mi11eC, corn, sorgtium and rice) is estimated at ~~3,000
Cons. Rice-Rrowing operaCions in 5egou and Mop~i. are being assi.sted by
contributions �r.om the World Bnnk, the Europ~an Devalopmont Fund (F'ED),
and the French Aid and Cooparation Fund (FAC) toCalling $50.8 million. Tn
19~0, completion of the Selingue dam, on the Sankaraai, a tributury o; the
' Niger, wi11 permit irrigation of 60,000 hectarea within the arc:a covered
by the Niger Offir.e.
MAURITANIA--In spite of satisfactory weather conditions, Che grain deficit
for the 1978-1979 growing season is estimated to total beewaen 38,000 and
~i7,n00 tons. Intern~tional aid has undertaken to provide 14,500 tone, and
a supplementary request hay been made to donora.
From November 1977 to October 1978, donations of powdered milk and oil from
the ~BC, the Red Cross, Canada, Finland and Denmarlc totalled 7,250 tons;
. requirements still to be filled since October 1978 have risen to 5,735 tons.
NIGER--Yields from the 1978 growing seaeon were definitaly superior to thoce
of the preceding season. In 1979, ttie grain deficit is estimated at
approximately 30,000 tons. In 1978, Niger was the recipient of grain
assistance from USAID.
" 5ENEGAL--Unseasonal t~rrential r~ins which fe11 in December 1978 and Jan-
uary 1979 considerably damaged the relatively satisfactory producti~n of
the 1978-1979 growing season. To meet the food deficit, aseistanc:e of
47,000 tons of grains and 25,000 tons of rice has been requested from PAM
(World Food Program) and other donor organizations.
CHAD--In the S;~dan region a~ Chadian territory, the 1978-1979 grocaing
season has prou~iced excellent results for both grain and food crops. In
the Sahel region, f ood crop production is definitely lower than tha= of
the preceding year and the grain deficit is estimated at 109,600 tans.
Emergency food requiremer..ts for 1979 are nearly 48,500 tons.
The Food Situation in Other African Countries
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, The UNDP repoi~t emphasizes ChaC this organization ~.s closely associaCed
with efforts baing made by the countries of ~he Sahe1 to increxse the value
of iCa river and lnke baeina: the Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Lake Chad and
Che Logone. In addition, Che aforementioued report cites Che food eiCu-
ation in vr~rious African countrieg.
ETHIOPIA--In January 1979, the necessary aid was esCimated at betiween
25~,000 and 300,000 tona o� gruin to provide for the neede of Che popu-
lAtion of regions affected by ~rmed conflicts. Aid furnished during 1978
by the Wurld Food Program, USAIb, Che EEC, the USSR, Yugoslavia and UNICEF
totalled 78,000 tons of grain and 9,6q0 tons of protein-rich foods.
SQMALIA--1978 harveste were attacked by an invasion of predators (locusts a~
and rats). Thanks to food assistance supplied by PAM, Che EEC and USAID,
Che needs of drought victims will be met in 1979.
GHANA--The 1978 food crop deficit was met by gifts from PAM, tha EEC, the
United States, the Netherlands and Great Britain (10,000 tona of wheat~
- 12,500 tons of sorghum and 5,000 tons of corn). Needs to be met for the
entire country in 1979 are estimated at ?80,000 tons of corn and 30,000
Cons of sorghum.
GUINGA--The 1978 growing season was definitely better Chan that of 1977
when inadequate harvests made emergency aid from the inCernational -
community necessary. However, it is importanC to remember that Guinea,
even in normal years, must resort to impor;:ing 40,000 to 50,000 tons of
rice to provide for her food requirements.
TOGO--In 1977, UN organizations supplied 6,500 tons of grain to make up
the deficit caused by lack of rain. In view of the good yields of Che
1978 season, it seems that Togo will not have to ask for emergency food
aid ir: 1979.
?dIR~--The drought which was rampant in 1978 coneiderably affected the
reQions of Lower Zaire, and emergency aid was provided by PAM (3,100 tons
uf corn and rice, 500 tons of powdered milk and 430 tons of legumes).
r1ADACASCAR--The main problem caused by the drought is low rice production,
and the country, which normally has a surplus, had to import some 150,000
L~~ns of rice in 1978. W organizations, the World Bank, and the European ~
1'~velopment Fund are contributing to the Malagasy government fight against
i.ie effects of the drought. In the fighC against grain-eating birds, -
_~custs and grasshoppers which, in some regions of Africa, periodically .
devastate the standing crops, the UNDP has allocated a financial contri-
bution of $1.93 million for the 1977-1981 cycle, to be divided among
- three sub-regional organizations for the anti-acridian and anti-aviary
fighC in central and eastern Africa.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie,Parts,1979
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~ INTER-AF1tICAN AFFAIRS
~ BRIEFS
KEEPING SECRET AT OAU DI~'FICULT--~The Organization of Af rican Unity has
some diff iculty keeping its most confidential fi3es sacret in Addis Ababa.
Some of the persor,nel are suspected of selling those documents to certain
embassies instailed in the Ethiopian capital. [Text] [Paris JEtJNE
AFRtQUE in F'rench 8 Aug 79 p 33] 9347 ~
MAI~AGASY ARMY WILL SUPPORT SEYCHELLES--The army of the Malagasy Republic
- is ready to fZy to the rescue of the Seychelles Government, which is
~ periodical?.,y threatened with an attack by international merceneries. The
maneuvers which were tak3ng place in Seychelles sinca the month of April
were esaentially designed to demonstrate the mobility and the striking
power of the Malagasy troops. 'T.hey were also intended to prove that
Madaga.scar supports ~he regime of President France-Albert Rene, whose party
was tY?.en facing legislative elections. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in
_ Fren~h 8 Aug 79 p 33] 9347
NGUESSO POWER SEIZL'RE WORRIES NEIGHBORS--Developments in Central Africa
worry moderate countries in the region. Cameroon and Gabon in particular
~ are not insensiCive to the seizure of power in the Congo by Denis Sassou
Nguesso, considered an "ultra" who favors xeinforcement of cooperation
wir,h Cuba. Another reason for this concern: Nigeria is reported to have
made contacts with socialist Ethiopia to seek her aid in resolving the Chad
problem. [Text] [Paris JF~UNE Ak'RIQUE in Frencti 8 Aug 79 p 33] 9347
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CONGO
REFORT ON S~'ECIAL SESSTON OF' PCT CFNTRAL COI~Il~IITTEE
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 10 Aug ?9 p 2226
- [Ar;icle: "Crysis Getting Worse in the Country"]
[Text, "The special session of the Central Committee of the Party is being
he~.d at a time when the crisis is getting worse in ~he countxy as it is
elsewhere, and when the people are suffering the most pernicious effects o~
this phenomenon," stated Fresident Sassou NguQSSO on 3 August in ffiazza,ville~
at the opening of the second speci~l session of the Central C~mmittee of the
Congol.ese Labor Party [PCT] since the beginning of the year.
The head of state affirmed that everything has been done to a,vert this crisis~
but that because it is "a structural and profound one" the recovsry efforts
will take effect only in the long term.
Referring to "the enemies of the Congolese revolution who ha.ve become nervous
because of the victory of the PCT at the elections of 8 July, which they h~ad
not expected," the president estimated ttiat "the effects of the crisis seem
to be their only weapon with which to fight the Pasty and its leadership."
Let us note that on 2 August, the PCT had warned its activists against
~~certain rumors circulated by the reactionasy forces" and which are aimed
a'� "diverting the activists and creating a split."
T':ie final communique from ~he special session oi the Central Committee indi-
cates that the Central. Committee has decided on definite measures for the
~ case of General Yhon.bi Opango, the former head c~f state, and of his "acolytes."
These measures will be published later. ,
Ci the other hand, the members of the Cent,ral Committee adopted the draft
cf its internal regulation. It is to govern "the functioning of this great
uthority in the country and the behavior of its members."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1979 -
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LIBEItIA
TOLBER'T FACING POLITICAL CRI5I5 POLLOWING OAU SUA4iIT
Ygrie JEUN~ AFRIQUE in French 15 Aug 79 pp 30-31
[Art3cle ~y Jos-$laise Alimaj .
[Textj The lighte had barely been axtinguiehed at the 16th summit of the
Organizetion of A�rican Unity before Preaic~ent T~lbert had to f~ce n polit-
ical crisis which had been hatching for many we~ka. The resignationd of
the minietera of finance, Jamea Phillippa, gnd of agriculture~ Florence
ChenoweCh, again brntually plunged the current presideat of the OAU into
the mor~ae cf domesti.c policy. At the end of a 5-hour marathon meeting ~~f
the ~ouncil ~f Ministera, two other members nf the goverament war,e ~lgo to
looe their positiong: Jenkine Baker, deputy minister of agriculture, and
Gerald Padmore~ principal depuCy miniater of finance.
This seriea of dismiasals :esulrs �rom two events whi,ch ara not directly
conneCted. But it illustraCes perfectly the political climata in wh3ch
Liberia is living Coday. James Phillipps, Jenkins Baker and Gerald
Padmore are the victims of a financial acandal about F~hich everyone vas
talking even before the opening of the eu~nit in Monrovia. Several move-
ments among the workera of the vurioua trades had contributed to a delay of -
the construction work. To the point that ahea the meating of the ministere
of foreign affaire was to begia the "OAU villbge" atill was not ready. The
amount of the expenditures has raised criticisma from the "average Liberiane~"
in genera]. "natives," that is, those Who, although in the majority and
native to the country, continue to be the aubject of ha:3esaent and barely
concealed discrimination. However, the rum~r about embezzlements by certain
officials did not bring aboc.t a violen*. reaction on tl~e part of the people.
In reality, this momentary passivity Wa,: due to a cert~in amount of res~rve
on the part of the Liberians, while the ~~AU summit was being held in the
Liberian capital. Th~ local press itself, Which is relatively iadependeat~
has maintained discretion on the sub3ect. However, on 29 July, ths tru~e
was brutally shattered by the weekly, SUND,AY ~CPRESS. The latter asserted
that a$400,000 bribe had been paid by the Greek oWaer~ of the lia~r which
9
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w~~ Chart~rafl by tt~~ ~dvprnmene tn ~arve ~g ~ flonting hotial fnr ~dma ~,000
par~on~ f~r 14 dgy~~ '1'hA new~p~per $aid th~t the leo~e had Gogt th~ ~CnCe
$2 mi1].idn whici~, eh~or~ti~~ily, w~~ to recover th~ ~um w3thout difficultiy.
The opergtion wae aven euppoeed to p~odu~~ g~ub~tgnCi~l profiC fnr Ch~
~uthdrlti~~. How~vpr, ~pp~r~ntly only ~ f~w p~r~on~iitie~ ~~8 ~aid to hgv~
~h~red th~ ghip: at l~~~t thr~~, ~ccdrding to the SU~iDAY ~.Xl'R~S5.
~dr tha m~n in rh~ ~trpet, thos~ a1l~ged ea b~ guiley ~re thr~a of tih~ four
vi~timg df ehe 1nte~t minigteri~l gh~keup. A~ for Ch~ fnurth, ~1or~nc~
Chendw~rh~ hed ta l~~ve Che Minigtry of Agriculture fnr h~virg advocaCing
a po.li~y which, while mgking h~r unpdpul~r~ ~eriou~ly ehook tho government
in tt~~ month ~f April 1979.
'I'he ev~nt~, which on 14 Apri1~ r~nulted in the d~gth of 70 pereon~ ~nd th~
wnunding nf 40d in Monrovia, h~d th~ir nrigin in ~ etudy prepgred by the
Ministry of Agri~ultur~ recomm~nding ~n increa~e in the price of rice, Che
basic foodstuff of Lib~rigng, which would ri~a from $22 to $30 p~r SO-
kiingre~ e~ck. Meny arregtg were made ~mong the nctivists of Che "Progreeeiv~
A111~~nce of Liberiu," the movement of the ~ppositidn whiah had i~sued th~
wntchword of the demonstraCidng. ~ollnwing thgt, generel amnegty megsure~,
increnaes in wage$ in the building sector and the lowering of the price of ~
rice to $20 ~~ack contributed to the calming of tempers. It i~ true thaC
president Tnlbert had chosen his moment well. Thege measurea were, in
fact, announced ~nly a few weeks before Cl~e arrival in Monrovia of the
first delegationg. Gabri~l Baccus M~tthews, president ef the "Progreeeiv~
t111i~nc~ of Liberia~" even met far a long time with the Liberien chief of _
st~te~ td whom he ~ffered~ in the na~a of hig movement, "all the help tlwt
the president congidered us~ful in cnanection with the OAU ~ummit welcome."
The aace was, therefore, buried. Momentaril}r�, no doubt. The decieion to
lower the price of rice could not fail to constitute a disavowal of the
nolicy advanced by Mra Chenoweth. The minister logically drew this conclu-
Sion and offered her resigaation. But the dismissel of the three other
~,zmb~rs of the gover~ment, inatead of provoking a govgrnment crisis~
blo~aomed into ar. explosive soci~l situation, which was tampsred for
s~vernl weeks by the holding nf the OAU meeting in Monrovia.
The tncit "gentlemen's agreement" signed between the goverument and the
opposition threfltens, in fact, to break apart iti the face of populnr
presyure. All the more ao because the affair of the bribe revealed by
the SUNDAY EXPIt~SS definitely does not appear to bc anything more than the
ei~ of the iceberg constituted by the 16th su~oit of the Organization of
A.:icnn Unity. Other heada wili surely roll; and tha government, already
" t rnighed, will have to face ir.~reasingly threateaing gruanbling. The truce,
i;. this case, wi11 only last a few month~. According to members of the
opposition, the demonstrations in the month of April are just a taste of
what Liberia is in danger ~f experiencing 3n the coming months if, as on~a
"native" puta it~ "this system which mak~s Liberia an apartheid land where
blacks are martyring other blacks: is p~rpetuated. In the face of thia new
1 ~.o
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~iCu~Cion, will Willi~a?'~olbart h~ve th~ br~~thing ~p~ce tio ~oncern ~
him~elf with Afric~n prdbl~me during a term whtch ~e eh~ping up partic~
ulariy difficuiti"
COPYRIGHTs Jeune Afriqu~ QRU~'JIA ].~'r9
~14~
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~o~ o~~ictn~, us~ ornY ti
MADAaASCAR
BRIEFS .
MARBLE PALAC~, BUNKLR FOR RATSIRAKA--President Didier Rateiraka of the
Malagagy Republic ig having a marble palace and a bunker constructed on
~n estate ~actending over 300 hectares, 10 km south of AnCananarivo. This
, undertaking, financed by North Korea, will also i~clude military inetal-
lati.ons deetined to houae a pretorian guard the eize of a regiment ba-
tween 750 and 1~000 men). (Text] [Paria JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 8 Aug
79 p 33] 9347
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~
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MOZAMAIQtJ~',
MACH~L'S R~MARKS ON PItIVATE, STATE SECTORS
Paris MAItCHE5 TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS ~.n FrenCh 11 Aug 79 p 2291 '
[TextJ In answer to a quesCion on ~he definition of the respective roles
played by the private and the state secCors in Che Mozambican economy,
President Samor~ Machel noted Che following:
"The agricultural sCate sector is rapidly devaloping. ThQre are 130,000
hectares of agricultural production under the control of state enterpriaes,
producing cotton, rice, corn, poCaCoes, peanuts and alfalfa.
"State farms are centers for the propagation of advanced techniques to be r
used in the cooperatives: the besC seeds for each type of soil, the moat ,
~ advanced cultivation methods, the fertilfxers of the highest qualiCy. They
also constituCe centers for scientific and technical training for coopera-
tive members as well as high-productivity and high-income centers.
"The private sector, in turn, plays an important social role in industry, ~
agriculture and commerce. However, its acCivitiies must serve the interests
of the national ~aconomy. Private entrepreneurs must place their means of
production at th~ service of the goals set by the atate according to the
exigencies of the national plan.
"We believe that our economic development can accommodate participat3on by
- other countries, international firms and generally speaking, foreign ~
capital as long as their activities are in agreement with the goals of our
- economic policies and conform to the principles and the prioritiea of our
developmenC plans, while increasing our human and material resources. ,
r
"Our counCry has established legislation perCaining to the minimally
necessary conditions for the establishment of new enterprises as well as
to the definition of their rights and obligations. At the time of such
establishment, the enterprise possesses a set of re~ulations governing
the length o: its viability, the form under which earnings will be exported,
technical assistance transfers, the way in which it will be integrated into
the overall objectives of the plan, as well as certain other conditions
which will permit the pro3ect to show a profit to the mutual advantage
of investors and the People's Republic of ;4ozambique.
~.3
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"Upnn egtablishmene of e~Ch pro~ect, nondieions w~.].1 be ~eC by mutual
agre~mene en~bling the Moz~mbican state to buy out for~ign participACion
at the end of a given lengCh nf time.
"We ~lre~dy pos~eas snma experience in collaborating wiCh fore~.gn capitr~l,
pither in ehe way of establlahing mixed enCerpris~s or Chrough ehe `
acquisieion of know-how, or even in the fieZd of financing. This experience
pere~ins m~inly to the fiQld of fishing, to the e.cploiCnCion of mineral
resourc~s and rhe meCAllurgic induetry. IC has been positive.
"In the ~mplemen~aCion of pro~ecC~ involving foreign capiCal, the present
system, whi].e noC being the only one practicable, coneists in paying this
foreign parCicipation with a portion of the ensuing productiion.
"As regards invesement risks, we can stata that foreign participation ia
protected and guaranteed by law."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux eC Cie Paris 1979
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NIGER
ONERSOL DIRECTOR DISCUSSES OF'FIC~'S ROL~, FUNUING
Paria JEUNE AFItIQUE in French 15 Aug 79 pp 116, 118 '
[Interview with Abdou Moumouni, di.rector of the Niger Solar Energy Off ica, _
by Francoise Hubscher, date not given]
[Text] Today, ehe internatiional repuCation of Professor Abdou Moumouni is
eatablished. At one and the eame time director of the Niger Solar Energy
office (ONERSOL) and a teacher in Niamey, thia 50-year old man~ who is
diacreet and of few words, is the peraonification o� hope in Africa. His
success ia worthy of emulation.
Hope? Because solar energy, in which he was one of the eaxlieat beliavers,
ia proving to be an asset of the Yirat order for the continenC, and most
parCicularly for the Sahel. An example? By making the ON~RSOL not only
a research organization but also a producCion center~ Abdou Moumouni is
proving that scientific research, far from being restricted to some aterile
utopia, is participating fully in the economic emancipation effort of his
underdeveloped country.
[Question] By what route did the Dakar phyaics profeasor reach the position :
of director of the ONERSOL?
[Answer] IC was in Rome in 1960 where a United Nations conference was
being held on new energy sources that I realized: it was neceasary for
me to leave the African Continent to complete my physics education and ~
acquire a specializati.on in the field of eolar eaergy. I wanted to go ~
either to the United States or the Soviet Union. It was thg Soviet Union.
I remained in that country 3 years. On my return to Africa, I was able
to set up a amall laboratory in Mali. In 1969, I returned to Niger wh~re
I was appointed to head the ONERSOL which had been in existence for 4 years. ,
[Question] What meana did you have?
[Answer] At Chat time, we were three: a direcCor and two technicians.
' Our operating budget was not over 3 million CFA francs and crediCs used
for research--20 million. Today, there are five research poaitions and
five technician positions. The operating budget has increased to 35
million and the research budget is in excell of 200 million.
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0� courae, tihat~. is not enough. However, in relatiion to the Niger budget
(dver 43 bi.111on CFA france), i~ is a large ~um, What is mora, today-- -
and Chie was not always the caee--we gre xeceiving foreign aid: bilateral
aid (~'rgnce, Che Federal Republic of Germany, Austria and the Us~iCed SC~Ces) '
. And multilaCeral aid (European ~conomic Community and~ to a certain degree, ~
UNESCO and the United Nations DevelopmenC Program.) ' ~
(Question) Apart from your resegrch and development section, aince 1976
the ONERSOL has included a dynamic production and marketing organization,
an experience th~t ia almoat unique in Africa. Has it been well raceived?
[Answer] The uae of solar energy cgnnot be really benaficial in Africa,
without the parallel development ot the scientific, technical and even
induaCrial aecCors. The underdeveloped countries musC etap being eternal
_ technology consumers.
Tt ie intereating to noCe that beginning in 1970 and for almost 6 yeara
Che Europeane (in particular the French) have aupplied enormous numbere of
solar installations to Senegal, Mali and the Upper Vo1ta but...not to Niger
which had to entirely finance Che ONERSOL plant (200 million CFA francs).
For we agreed to accepC the benefits of these installations to the extent
that our aolar collectors were purchased and used. Until 1978, we ran into
turndowne .
Today, the principle is accepted. By the European Development Fund and
also by the French Thermal Studies Company (F'RETES).
_ [Question] What are the plant's current activities?
[Answer] With a staff of 30 persons, the plant manufactures more than 400
hot water heatere per year, as well as solar diatilleries and water recovery '
unite for the pumping sCaCions. Account taken of our programs, we are
th{nking about doubling the number workers between now and the end of
1979. In Niamey, hotels, public buildings and hospital~, government em-
plcyees' housing and that of expatriates are already equipped with solar
hot water heaters.
[Question] Is not a solar hot water heater still a luxury?
[~`nswer) From an overall standpoint, yes, solar installattons still require
initial investment; however, the recurrent charges are low; it ie a free
a d inexhaustible energy source. A solar hot water heaCer (6 to 7 kWh per
day) costa 180,000 CFA francs when it comes out of the factory. Taking ~
into consideration the price of electricity in Niamey, one of the highest
in the world, the solar hot water heater is amortized in 14 montha compared
to an electric hot water heater. Then it is a question of the device's
uaeful life: a minimum of 15 years. ~
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As tor solgr dietilleriee~ the ~morCization period [rentabiliCe~ i~ Even
- mor~ marked: 7, 8 moneha. Even kitchen stnvee ara beginning to have ~ome
auccess among the cadree. Fnr a femily of four to eix~ you have to a11ow
25~U00 CFA france.
As for the price of solar pumps, which ie ati11 high~ it will be an entirely
different day before motore are manufactured in Africa~
[Question] noes Chat mean that we can hope Co hav~e "100 percenC so1~r"
nnytime soon?
[Anawer] It ia difficulC at Chis time to mnke dafinitive ~udgmant. Sol~r
anergy ie not a panacea. But in ehe landlockad countries euch ae Niger,
whQre the import of patroleum products puCa a ser3oue atrain on the budget
wh3'le the houra of. aunahine per day are very favornble, golar energy ia
being called upon to play a coneiderable role. Moreover, the use of eolar
- energy has financial advantagea. If all Che familios of Niamey were to
uae solar atoves only to prepare lunch, we could reduce the consumgtion of
wood by half. Defore station, with whose catastrophic coneequences in ttie
~ Sahel regions we are familiar, would thue b~ slowed down. Finally, solar
technology has the enormous advantage of being well euiCed to the aocioeco-
nomic strucCure of our counCriea.
[Question] Under the circumstances, do you think that Niger can become "a
~ sun exporter" and that one day the ONERSOL will inundate west Africa with
its devices?
[Answer] T do not think that in the future ONERSOL will get into export,
although it is already selling to Benin, Togo, Nigeria and Upper Volta.
Solar installations, be~sue~ of their $ize, do not easily lend Chemselvea
to long distance tranaport, which is quite onerous, particular].y in our
regions. The real solution liea in the e~tablishment of factoriea in
each state with--why not--ONERSOL licencea.
[Question) In the light of your experience and that of your colleaguea,
what are the ma~or problems being encountered today by the African researcher?
[AnswerJ In our societies, the function and importance of research are
not perceived by the political authoritiea. It i.s not a question of accuaing
them... There are explanation3 (I am not saying ~ustifications): research
does not produce immediate results. It is likened to something "which doea
not serve a useful purposes." Therefore, the researcher has to continually
attempt to find concrete applications. That does not meaa we muet content
ourselves with applied research; personally, I am always much attracted by
theoretical questions; :~owever, we t~ave to use applied research as a point
of departure to get into basic research.
Aaother problem: researchers, except those--and they are rare--at the
universities, do not have definitive status which would give tham aay
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_ ~d[t d~'~~CIAL U5~ dNLY
mnrivnr.ion (not~bly m~Cerial). It~sulti: when the ~ime come~ thgt w~ hgv~
- g budgeC to hira~ rese~rcher~~ w~ canriot find ~ny who hav~ guff ic~ent
tr~ining and moCivgtion. `I'hat i~ my situation in ONER^OL. Of the fiva
po~ition~ to bg f~llad, only twd hav~ bsen filled up to now.
'I'hird probl~m: becau~e of the ~.nternal eitu~Cion df cerC~3n countriae ~nd
the good condit~on~ offered ~broad, the br~in dr~in continuee to be ~
re~liey. Trgining outeide Che country ig nut th~ principal problgm. Wh~C
ig import~nt ig ~or the regearcher to be politic~l~.y moC3vated. In thi~
c~se, he w311 r~turn to Africg fram wherever.
(Question) But how is reaearch to be financed?
(Answer~ St~.ll on the bgsis of domestic acientific ~nd tech~ological devel-
opm~nC. ~or example, the tr~ditional pharmocopoeig permitg the curir~g of
,jaundice in 1 waek~ Hnwever, since the Africans have turned toward foreign -
cnuntriea, very few reeearchere are making effortg to isolatie the active
elementis of plantg. 'I'he necesgary material is however ecarce and costly.
(Questionj What do you gdvise a young African who wishes to go into
research?
[Answerj It is really not a question of advice, but he should know thaC it
i~ very difficult, Ch~t it is not a lucrative career. He shauld ba very
mativnted oi~ the political level and on the scientific level: a researcher's
time is not his own; he cannot liv~ like a government employee.
In the aecond place~ he must expect a lot of misunderatanding on the part
of the geuple and governments. He must try to convince them with a lot
of pacience and modesty, not by words but by deeds.
~inxlly, he must not forget that research is noC the work of one "gentleman"
but of n team.
COPYItIGHT: Jeune Afrique GP.UPJIA 1979
~143
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F~x nt~~~cr~ vs~ ot~Y ~
NSG~R
~~s
_ PRESIDENT RECEIVES CU'BAN OFFICZAI, The vSce preeident of the Cuban Council
of Minist~rg~ 1~ Jo~e Domenech~ xho arrived in Niamey on 1 Auguat~ xas re-
ceived by President Seyn3. Kountche on 3 August. Mr pomeneQh gave ~he head
of th~ Niger st,a~e a message from Presidnnt F3.de1 Castro and ~poke xith him
about coop~ration betNeen N~ger at~d Cuba, and abou~ th~ upcoming summi.t of
nonal.ined nations ~ xhioh xi].1. be held in Havana i.n September ~~Text] [Pa~cis
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDIT~~RANE~iB in French 10 Aug 79 p 2220~ 8~3
PRESIDE~iT ADDRESSES NATION Al]. development efforta xi11 be doomed to
failure if the security of the state is not ensured~ atated Prosident Seyni
Kountcho on 2 August~ in a speech t~coadcast on the eve of the 19t:~ ~iver-
sary of Niger'g independence. In his address to the nation~ the hea.d of
the Niger state stressed ~hat the developing society xhich he presented to
the nation ~ months ago "is substantially distant f`rom a stsuctural point of
viex from the image of demooracy xhich the West offers ug and sometimos tries
to impose on us." "The fragillty of our states i$ l~gendary~" added the
Niger president. "To a11ox the ferments of disintegration to be introduced
xould seem to us to be a crime against our people." "The independence of
our country occurred at the time xhen xe xere as close as possihle to total
dependence~" stressed Colonel Kountche~ who asserted "total and real indepen-
dence does not exisic" and "it is interdependence xhi.ch one must learn to
toanage." CText] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITGRRANEENS in French 10 Aug
79 p 22zo~ 8463
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c
SEN~IGAL
~CONOMIC DATA 1978 - ~rxsT QuARTER 1979
Paris MAftCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITF~Ftf3ANEENS in French 10 Aug 79 P 2215
~Artic~es "Recent Flements of Economic 3itua~ion"~
~Text~ Tn its series of economic and monetary statis~ics bulletins~ the
Central Bank of the Wes~ A~1can States [BCEAO] devoted one of i~ts latest
issues to Senegal~
While the i977-i978 peax~ut oil campaign produced 436~000 tons as againat
956~000 tons for the previous campaign~ the commercial purchases of the
i978-19?9 campai.gn amounted to 641~000 tons as of 3o ppril i979~ ~e P~-
chasing price at the producer was maintained at 41.50 francs per kilogram.
51nce the i9?5-1976 campaign~ the Senegal.ese econon~y has reflected the de-
cline in v~1u~ of its peanut production~ which was cut to 48.9 billion CFA
[African Financial Community (monetary unit)]~ then to 39�7 bi111on and to
18.1 bi111on.
The 1977-1978 campaign also produced 37r077 tons of cotton seed (minus
8,130 tons compared to the previous campa.ign), the value of which added up
to 1.8 billion CFA (minus 0.4 billion). The food crops were also cuti
their value represented 17.2 billion CFA for millet sorghumo 3~5 billion CFA
for pa.ddy and 1.8 billion CFA for corn.
The production of phosphates reached 1~6 million tons for the year i9?8~ and
d�aring the �irst quarter of 1979 mining yielded 432~600 tons (330~000 tons
of Hhich xere exported)~ an increase of approxtm~,tely 10 percent compased
to the corresponding quart3r in 1978. During the firat quarter of 1979,
the production of cement reached 106~300 tons (plus 12 percent~.
D.,ring the first 5 months of 1979~ the supply of p~anuts to the oil factoriea
a7ounted to 350,000 tons, a strong increase over i978 (z57~000 tons for the
.'~rst 6 month period). ~ ~
By the end of December i9?8, the index of industrial production~ aside f~om
oil factories~ wa.s set at 174.8 a.s against 190.2 one year earlier (b~a,se
figure of 100 for the year i969).
20
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~
I?uxing the ~'~.rs~ quarter of 1979 ~~ehing reg~.s~ered spea~acular resul.~ts s
the ca~ch amounted to 236,656 tons, all of which was delivered to the 1oca1
faetoriea ~ ~
At ~he end o~ January 1979~ the index of bu3.lding costa was set at 235~9 a~
against 219~3 12 months earl.ier (base figure of 100 for 1 January 1972)~
At the end o~ March i979~ '~he overall price index for African family consump-
tion was se~ at 2~2~3~ as against 233.5 at the end of M~rch 1978 (b~ae ~iguz�e
of 100 for the year ~.96~) ~
The index for product turnover of the major comm.ercial companiea was 176.5
as of 31 December 197$, as aga3nst 178 1 yea,r earlier (base fi~ure o~~ 10Q
for the yeas 19~0).
Z'he vol ume of customs duties and taxes amounted to 12~9 billion CFA for the
first quarter of 1979 (97 percent of which for impnrts)~ as against 11.~ bil- ,
lion CFA for the same quarter of 1978~
The budget for. the financial period from 1 Jul.y 19?8 to 30 Juno 1979 was s~t,
i.n terms of receipts and expenditures, at 136~5 bi111on CFA (29~5 billion ~
less than the previous one); the equipment credits amounted to 35 bi111on
CFA (plus 17 billion).
By the end of December 1978, the foreign debt incurred by Senegal amoun~tod
to an exchange value of 103.4~ billion CFA as against ~0 billion at the end
of December 197?. The as yet unused ava3.lable margin over the credits ob-
tained amounted to 84.6 billion CFA at the end of 1978 (as ag~~.inst 76.4 b:tl- '
13on at the end of 1977)�
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 19?9
8~3
cso : ~oo
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50UTH ~~FRICA
BRIEFS
AMBASSADOR TO F~1NCE WILL RESIGN--Mr Loul.s Pienaar, ambassador from South
Africa ta France, is expecCed to resign soon, for reasona that have
nothing to do with politica. He is said to be thinking of applying his
~uridical talenta by heading an intiernational cabinet of businesa lawyera.
[Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 8 Aug 79 p 33] 9347
~50; 44~0
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TANZANZA !
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TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRAM THREATEtv~ WIT~I SLOWDOWN
Parie JEtJN~ AI~RIQUE in ~rench 15 Aug 79 pp 88-90
[Article by Frencois Snudan~
[Text] Not far from the Tanzanian city of Arusha, where ths yellow grag~
of the Masai ateppes stretchea out ae far as the sye can see~ right up to
the Kilimand~aro foothills, a few cement build~ngs with sheet metal roofe
have aprung up at the side of the ochre trail. A simple wo~den s3gn,
painted by an uneteady hand, reads: "U~uzi Leo Induetries." It is
difficult to imagine that in these damp sheda there is a small cooperat~.ve
with eome 40 paid employeea, most of wb.om are former agricultural workers
from the colonial coffee plantationa. For the laet 2 yeara~ the cooperative
hae been building wiadmills deacined for th~ drainage of watera and th~
irri~ation of the collective fielde.�.The Minietry of Water, Laergy and
Mineralo, the "Maji," ia at one and the same time the sileat partner of the
U~uzi and the originator of the devices, which ~aere deaigned by atudenta of ~
the faculty of agriculture of Morongoro, in collaboration with Auatralian _
experts. Thie activity falle within the framework of the "Technological
Project Suitable for the Arusha Region," one of the numeroue miniplane
Tanzania has been developing for a decada.
At the time of independence, Tanzania was a uniquely agricultural country,
which relied upon a few exportable producte such as sisal and coffee. A
country without infrastructurea or basic industries, almost without any
communicatioas facilities. The firat two development plaas were not distin- _
gui~shed by their originality: priority to the basic induetries, often with
the participation of the state. The foreign experts inatalled in key
poaitions of the economy quite naturally tended to apply Weatera solutions
to Tanzanian problems. However, the 1965 crisis, during which Dar es Salaam
broke off relations with Great Britain to protest against its Rhodesian
policy, resulted ia the exodus of most of the Britiah adv~sere from Tanzani~.
The dependence of Julius Nyerere's country then became abundantly clear:
for almost 6 months the aational economy was practically paralyzed.
To remedy this situation, by concretizing a socialist optioa to the point
of the very theoretical, the Arueha statement (1967) and above all thQ
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i ~ .
~ I~OR O~IC~A,L U~~ dNLY
"~97d direeti.vr~" ~~tgbii~h~d the fdur prin~i.pi~~ nf '~en~~ni~n d~valopment:
n~tian~liz~tion of Che m~~n~ of productioe gnd di~tribut3on; rur~l r~group3rig;
d~c:~ntr~lization; "hom~ ruig educgtioa"; and promotion ef a"nativ~ Cach-
noin~y." A v~ary ~ct~.vs poiicy of r.~dr~ ~raining wg~ undz~rt~k~n in 1969;
~nd, ~oday, ns~rly ~~0~0 '~anz~ni~n experte have been trained. The complete
r~p~~cement of ~oreign ~dv~~ar~ i~ ~~heduled for 1980z however~ it sesma
imprabgbl~ th~e ihi~ time fr~me wi~,i b~ mat.
The instruction given to fatur~ c~dre~ ~t eh~ Un3.vgr~~ty of ber e~ Sal~~m
(n~~rly 70 p~rcent nf rhe ~tud~ats ~r~ "~c~antigeg") e~kea ~nto uccour?t
~bove ~11 i.o~~l r~~liti~~ ~nd $olution~ which ~re prop~r ~nd "autonomoue."
In the fn~uity of anginaering bulletin, UHANDISI JOURNAL~ ~tudnnte explain
fdr ex~mple, how eo buiid ~ bridg~ cheaply, inetali e handcrafted
[arti~~n~~e~ b~ttery of ~o1~r p~nel~ or inat~ll ~n irrigation ~yetem at
1CW C08C.
The disa~minatidn and applic~tian d� theee methad~ which ~t time~ ~re
veritgble stroke~ of inspirgtion ~re handl~d by tha "Ma~li," within which
many ~tudene~ are aoing through a mand~tory training per~od. 7'he Small
Indudtries Development Organization (SIDO) is also re~pongible for thie
' internal trnnsfer of technology. Its role is to promote th~ cdn~truction
of r~mall vill~ge fnctoriES. The~e production units entities which we.re
not too cdmpetitive hgve exper3enc~d a~pectgcular "boom" aince 1977, a
yenr when the border betWeen Keny~ and '~gnz~nig wae closed.
With the country placed in a pogition of quasi-self-sufficiency, these
factorie~ were d~veloped with the meane ~t hand (du bordj, shat is~ thanke
to the utilization of suitable technologiee.
In collahoration with several Indian techniciana, a mettiane production
program is now being teated in a number of villages. T't~.e methane is being
rsade from hwnan gnd animal wastes. On hundred windmilla are in eervice
for the irrigation of land. A few photovoltaic cellg (solar energy) have
bp.:n installed on a trial basts with the help of a Britieh company, the
"Lucas Solar Energy Compeny."
However, the succeas of thia desire for technological indepeadeace dependa
above all on the training of the farmers and their cooperation. The ~
- latter, ever since the "snafus" which accompanied the mandatory rural
regroupings from 1972 to 1976, are very reticent. Petsr Mombelo, the head
o~ c~ Vi~ i~ i(village) i~ the vicinity of Arusha~ explaina: "T'he people
t,~re are not at all bothered by these innovations. The techniciaas who ~
~c~e here to talk about them are not fr~-: wround here. They come from
;toshi, Arusha or Dar as Salaam. In ahort, from the c~ty..."
In the Tanzanian National Scientific Research Couucil in Dar es Salaem, it
is acknowledged that "problems often come up" aad that "the farmers are
dietrustful." However, it is not a queation of falling back into the
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~oR o~~rci~. usE ornY ~
f
8rrore of th~ p~~t: ~ugg~~tione wi11 b~ med~ wiehou~ order~.ng. "T~nz~nign
~griculture ia gti11 i~rg~ly ~ eub~iaCence ~gricultiu~re: only 10 ~arcanr ~
uf tihe f~rmarg u~a fartilizer ~nd peeC~.cide~; S percE?nt ars mechanixed. '
Und~r the Gircumetances, it i~ d3fficuit ro inCroduc~ n~w xechnologies in !
ierga doee~l ~
Moreovar, ehe development of euitable technologic~l so:lutions, although ~
congi~tent with the Aru~ha declaration, are in dgng~r of a elnwdown~ 2'h~
country i~ ~xperiencing eeriou~ e~onomic difficulti~~, and a n~w pragmatiic
policy wae init3~ted ~t the end of 1976 (pr3ority to ~.nve~tmentg, den~-
tionnlizationg, appec�1 tio foreign compgr?iee, etc.
Tar?z~nian ~oc3ali~m, it is true, i~ a socialigm of endurenca [duree) und ,
patience.
COpYItYGH'~: Jeune Af'rique c~~tr~JrA Lg79
8143
CSO: 4440
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~ mANZANSA
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BRIEF'S ~
WAR SLOWS DEVELOPMENT 1'ROGRAM~S On 31 July~ the Tanzanian prime minister,
Mr Fduard Sokoine~ s~ted tha,t 25 percent of the amounts intended for current
expenses and for ~he deve~.opment of Tanzan3a hav~ 'been devoted to the war
against Ugand.~~ thus slowing down or putting a stop to the ach~.evement of
pro3ects from the last fiscal ye~.r~ He specified that on].y 4~6 percent of
the development pro3ects 3n Tanzania were carried out and that 45 percent of
tha ministerial. funds intended for development were used~ while the regions
had only spent 59 percent of the suma at their disposal~ He also atated �
that Tanzania's commercial exchanges are mediocre. The amount of imports ~
in 1978 reached 8 billion shillings and for the year 1979-1980 the government _
has only 4 billion shillings at its disposal to o ahead with the importa
anticipated during the current budgetasy year. ~Text] [Pasia MARCHES TRO-
~'ICAUX ET MEDITERRANE~JS in French 10 Aug 79 p 2230~ ~3
,
CSO: 4400
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TOGO
BItYEF5
REC~N'r PRODUCTION STATI5TIC5--The 1977-1978 campaign of agricultural producta
intended for export prnduced 16,686 tona of cocoa (an increase of 2,569 tone
over Che previous campaign) repreaenting 2.5 bi111on CFA (an increase
nf 0.7 billion) and 4,707 tons of coffee (a decrease of 5,723 tane) r~pre-
s~nCin~ 0.6 billion CFA (a decrease of 0.6 billion). As for ~he 1978-1979
campaign, marketing reached 9,964 Cons of cocoa until 28 April 1970 and
3,747 of co~fee until 8 May 1979. During the first 4 months of 1979,
electricity output increa8ed by 11.30 percent compared to the firati
4 months of 1978, and consumption of oil product~ increased by nearly
40 percent. In 1978, Lome port traffic totaled 1 million tons for imports
(of which 351,000 tons were for oi1 producta and 343,000 tons for clinker)
and 319,000 tons for exports (not including phosphates). Phosph~te products
are contributing to the Togolese budget. From 1962 to the end of 1978,
total phosphate producCion amounted to 26.3 million tons, representin~ a
total amount of 154.6 billian CFA. (~xcerpte] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
. ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 17 Aug 79 p 2276]
CSO: 4400
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N'~k U~'~'1C1AL U5~ UNLY ; ~
UGANUA
BItI~~'5
'MIVt5~~K' TO TANZAN7A--On 1 Augugt, Yresidene Godfrey Bin~isa appoint~d
Vincent Rw~mw~ro to be "minigter resident in Tanzania." [Paris MARCHES
TROPI~AUX ~T t~UITERRANE~NS in French 10 Aug 79 p 2229)
CSO: 4400
~
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