JPRS ID: 8652 USSR REPORT RESOURCES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100090011-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 56
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: REPORTS

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i ~ ~

ii SEPTEMBER i979 CFOUO 22l79~ ~ i OF i
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.
~UR UFFIC.IA1, USH: ONLY
~PRS L/8652
11 5eptember 1979
USSf~ Re ort
p
RESOURCES ~
cFOUO 22i79~
FBIS FOREIGN BROA~CAST INFORMATION SERVICE
� FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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JPRS L/8552
].1. 6aptember ].9 79 _
USSR REPORT
RESOURCES .
(FOUO 22/79)
CONTENTS PAGE
ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER EQUIP~4ENT
The Kayshyadorskaya Pumped-Storage Electr3c Power Station
~G. N. A~Jdeyev, G. A. Sakharova; GIDROTEKHNICHESKOY~
STROITEL~STVO, Apr 79) � 1
Equipment for Pumped-~torage Electric Power Stations~
(ENERGOMASHINOSTROYENIYE, Apr ?9) 12
Ki~v Seminar, by Yu. I. Fedulov, et al.
New Miniature Steam Generator
70th Birthday of Nikolay Aleksandrovich Rzhanitsyn
(GIDROTEKHNICHESKOYE STROITEL'STVO, Apr 79) 18
FUELS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT
Gas Supply System Unified
(I. G. Barkhudaryan, E. S. Kotanyan; GAZOVAYA
PROMY~HLENNOST~: EKONOMIKA GAZOVOY PRQMYSHLENNOSTI,
No 5~ 1979) 21
Summary Results of Geological Exploratic,;, Work for Gas
in the USSR in 1978
(N. P. Grishin, et al.; GEOLOGIYA, BURENIYE I
RAZRABOTKA GAZOVYKH MESTOROZHDENIY, No 6, 1979) 26
Wholesale Industrial Prices for Heating Oil
(B. N. Davydov, L. T. Artyukhova; KHIMIYA I
TEKHNOL~IYA TOPI,IV I MASEL, Jul 79) 38
Econorqy o~' F`ael and Energy Resources
(Yu. F. Mel~nikov; KOZHEVETINO-OBUVNAYA PROMYSHLENNOST~~
Jun 79) Lt7
- a- [IIS - US5 R- 37 FOUOj
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= H:LECTltIC POWER AND POWER EQUIPM~NT
UDC 621.311.2~~621.221.4.002
TH~ KAYSITYADOR3KAYA PIJMPED-STORAGE A~`CTRIC POWgR 8TA'1'YON
Moecok GIDROTEKHNICtiE5K0YE 3TROITEL'STVO in Rusalan NQ 4~ Apr ?9 pp 2-6
~Article bpr engineers G. N. Avdeyev and G. A. Sakharova,~
Tex) The construction eite for the 1600-~egaxatt Kayshyadorakaya GAES
pwaped-atorage electric poxer statio~ waa aelected in the Lithuanian SSR~
on the right bank of the Kaw~as GE3 reservoir~ Khere the topographical en-
gineeMng, geological and hydrologic~l condition,s ase more favorable than
at other possihle location sites for the GAES xhich Were available in the
Baltic republica and the Leningrad Q hlast. -
Tho K~yahyadorskayra CAES, an engineering pro~ect developed by Gidroproyekt
~All-Union Planning~ Surrreying and Scientific Reaearch Institute imeni S. Ya.
Zhuk,,,~ xill opera~e in the OES 3Z~nited North-Yest ~lectric Poxer Syate~
to help in covering peaks an~i fillit~g in night-time dips of tPie electrical
load schedule(figure 1)~ to perform the functions of a frequency and short-
term e~eergency quick lead-in reserve and also of an 8Ca~000 kilovolt
ampere aynchronous compensator. Of all of the Soviet Union's poxer ayateas~
the OF.S SZ has the most uneven schedule of electrical consu~ption. In
recent timea the load during the pea,k hours exceeds th@ night dip by abcut
40 percent which cau$es daily shut-doxna at night of the 150~ 200 and 300
megaxatt TF~~hermal electric porrer plan~ units. In the future this uneven-
ness xill increase up to ,50 percent. The operation of the power units in
the altern~ating mode has an extrenely harmt'ul effect on the c~ndition of the
electric poxer equipmentt expenses increase for current and capital repairs~
the number of emergency equipsent b~eakdoxr.s groxs~ it~s operational life is
aharply curtailed~ and fuel expenditure connected xith the regulating re-
gime of the units increases considerebly. ThuB~ the a.lternat~ng xork vode
of the TF5 unita reducea their econo~y of operstion and the dependaMlity
of the electric poxer supply.
The Kayahyadorskaya GAES has been advanced as an imaediate construction pro-
jeat in the OF5 SZ on account of ita advantage over the other possible
- GAES's in the region not only because of natur~l conditions but al$o because
of its ~dvantageous location in the center. of peak electMcal loads and for
its technical and economic indicators as a xhole.
1
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~oa
,
2 ,
90 ' ~
.
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3
60
,
11~ II
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Figure 1. The Participation of the Kayshyadorskaya GAES in Covering the
Daily illnter Load Schedule of the North-weat OES
1- GES's in operation and under constructions the Kayshyadorskaya
GAES= 2- Under turb~ine conditionsi 3- In the pumping mode
Key~
1. Load~ in percentages
2. Hours
The installed poxer of the GAES in the turbine mode is 1~600 megaxatta~ and
it is 1.764 megaKatts in the pumping a~ode. The GAES has been estimated to
generate up to 2,400 million kiloxatt houra a year in the peak hours and to
conswne up to 3~300 million ki~oxa.tt houra(a plant efficiency factor of ?3
percen2) during the night-time poxer system schedule load dips.
The Kayshyadorskaya GAES is an effective electric poxer construction project.
The additional capita.l inveatment in the GAES in comparison xith alternative
xays of developing the OES SZ through the construction of GTE'a~gas turb~ne
electric poxer station) pays for itself in savinga in operational expendi-
turea, fuel savings~ an improvement in the operatir~g conditions of the large-
scale TES's and especially AES'aCtosic electric poxer station~~ a savinga
in expenses for associated aervices(guaranteeing the requireaenta for reac-
tive poxer and energy~ xater for the irrigation of adjacent lands~ for pro-
viding xater to the city of Kayshyadori8~ etc.).
2
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~oR or~YCi~ us~ ornY
The savings in operating expensea(??ithout fuel) at the Kayshyadorskaya GAES
in oomparison xith a GTE has been determined to be 9 milll.on rubles be~auae
of lesaer amortization allowancea~ capital repairs~ a smaller require~aent
for operational p reonnel~ etc. �
A fuel saving~ of .27 million tons of apecific heat has been determined as
the difference af fuel expenditures at a GTE and for the charging of a
GAPJ. Tho expenditure at an alternative GTE for gas-mazut fuel xould amount
to 1.21 million tons of specific heat or 1,036 million cubdc meters of gas
per year.
The economic effect of iaprnving the operation of the large TES's and espea-
ially the AILS's xith the introduction of CAPS's ie deterained by the fact
that the total increase of yearly expenditures for the electrlc poxer eystem
for ane kiloxatt of poxer of the GRffi~ dratm to load regulation~ aaounts to
3.6 rubles. Including the technically possible level of disoharge of GRPS
units at 40 peraent~ one kiloxatt of pwnped GAES poKer permits the uti11~-
ation in the conatant mode of the operation of 1.67 kiloxatts of GRES poxer.
The high nu~neuverahility qualities of the GAES and eapecially the charging
- of TES and AES electric poxer equipment durin,g night dips in load sohedule
significantly diatinguiahea the GAES frnm any other type of peak electric
poxer station. Theae operating advantagea of the GAES ahox themselvea
either in the ir.creaase in the electric poxer system of the capacity of
atomic stations according to operating conditions, or in inczeasing the
charge of thermal and atomic plants durir~g the period of night-time load-
ing schedule dipa of the electric poxer ayatem~ xhich leada to a cut-be~ck
in expenditures for equipment repairs~ lessens the emergency and repair
doxn-time of TES's and AE5's~ and lengtheria the aerviae life of the equip-
aent. Economically~ these operational advantages are estinated at aix
rubles per kiloxatt of pumped GAF~ power per year~ i.e., ten million ru-
bles per year.
Savings on associated services can amount to around one million �rubles a
year.
On the xhole the one-time capital inveatnents in the Kayahyadorakaya GAES~
in comparison xith an alterrsative GTE~ xill pay for themselves because of
yearly expenditure savir.gs during a tine period of lesa tha.n three years.
Trie Kayahyadorskaya GAES has the folloxing installationse
--an elevated xater storage basin xithout tributazy xith an aggregate
capacity of 46.5 million cu~c Aeters and an availabSe capacity of 37�5
million cubic meters xhen the depth decrease is 13�5 ~?eters xith a toxer
rtater scoop for irrigating adjacent lands(Q = 8 cubic meters per second).
The basin ia built on a morainic elAVation~ 350 hectares~ on a aemi-hollox~
semi-be.nk, the length of the dam encloaure is 6~600 meters.
3
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.
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Figure 2. Diagram of the Location of Installations at the Kayshyadorskaya
GAES Construction 51te
Key~
1. Elevated basin 10. ORU(outdoor distribution
2. Turbine conduit xith xater system) - 330 kiloxatts
intake il. ORU - 110 kiloxatts
3. GAES engine house 12. Hotel
4. Reversible canal 13� ~cing xith 20cm reinforced
5. Kaunas reservoir concrete s1abB
6, servi.ce ~usiaing l4. Yertical draina.ge
7. Oil plant 15. Catch dra.in
8. Transformer xorkshop 16. Drainage xater disposal
9. operational yard
--a dam-type xa.ter intake xith eight openings and tunnels 9.5xY0 metera
and 165 meters long ea.ch. The openir~s have been prntected by grillxork
from stray articles getting into the pipelines. They have emergency repair -
gates to quickly cover up the openings and txo flush gates for repair xork. -
The throughput of xater intake in GAES turb~ne operations ia 1~808 cubdc
meters per second and 1,512 cumc ros~ers per second in pumping operations.
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~ '
--reinforced eight-thread concrete pressure pipea~ d=?.5 metere xith
a 10-inilllmeter metallic ooa~ing~ The extent of the thread is 6,58 meters~
made up of sections 40 meters each. The pipe xall thickness ie TO centi-
meters.
- --a GAES building xith ~30 kilovolt ORU and c~aintenance-prnduction pro- .
jecta~ The building is reotangul,ar in design~ 57 x 184 metera~ ,50 meter$
high~ and consista of txo seotions for housing eight reveralble units. An
inatallation area abuts the building on the left side and there ia a main-
tenance-production xing on the right. The abut~ent of pipes to the build-
ing has been covered by soil~ Transformera have been placed on thia embe,nk-
ment. The deepening of the rotor axle under the minimum level of the Kaunas
reservoir from tt~e condition of non-cavity operation of the hydraul.ic machin-
ery in the�.pumping mode amounts to 14.5 meters.
--a 65o-a?eter long reversible canal connecta the GAES building xith the
Kaunas reservoir.
The exiating Kaurias reservoir xith a volume of 500 million cubic metere~
an area of 6.35 aquare kilometers~ and 80 meters long~ ia used as the GAES
doxn-atrean reservoir~ irhen putting the GAES into operation the hydrolog-
ical condition of the Nyamunae River and reservoir xill tot change.
The operating achedule of the Kaunas GFS~ With ita snall capacity, will be
_ fully aubordinated to the operating schedule of the CAES for maintaining
the necessary level in the reservoir. During the operation of the GAFS at
full capacity in the turbine and pumping modes~ xithin the estimated time
periods~ the ma~cimun fluctuation of the level in the reservoir anounts to
65 centimeters Kith a xater riae rate up to 13 centi~eters per hour. The
Kayahyadorskaya GAFS is estimated to xork at full inat,alled capacity in the .
turbine mode for 5-6 hours during an estimate~ preasure of 100 neters, and
in the pumping mode up to 8 hours xith a mean water rise to 105 neters.
The adjustable GAES reversible hydraullc devices are intended to operate
in the statistical presaure ranges in the turb~ine mode from 110.2 to 93.6
meters and, including losaes, from 108.0 to 89 meters(estimated accorrling
to the capacity-100 meters) and in the pwnping mode xith a xater rise from -
114 to 95(the average ia 105 metera).
The ra e of xorki `
r~g ng presaures of the Kayshyadorskaya GAF~ coincides xith
the range of xorking preasures of the Zagorskaya GAFS~ because they have
adopted for theae GAES's unifor~ reversible hydraulic machines aanufact-
ui~ed by the Leningrad Metal Plant.
The radial-axle type reversible hydraullc sachine has the folloxing para-
meters~ a rotor diameter of 6.3 meters= in the turbine mode a capacity at
design pressure of 205 megaxatf,,s and an expenditure of 226 cubdc neters
per secordi in the pwnping operation a poxer intake xith averaga preasure of
21 7 megaxatts and ~rater puaping of 189 cubdc meters per second~ the height
of the intake xith ~inimum pressure is 14.8 ~etera= the hydraulic nachine
xeigha 900 tons~ including the 9?-ton rotor.
5
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Figure 3. The GAES E~gine House. A Cutaxa.y View of the Hydrau~ic Unit.
~
Keys
1. NPU~ormal backwater leve~
The reversible motor Qenerator has a capacity in the turbd.ne mode of 200
megaxaty~s and in the pumping mode of 220 megaxatts.
6
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Txo methode'have been considered for starting up the unit in the motor
- (pwnping) modei a direct asynchronous one xith the full voltage of the net-
rrork and from a frequency converter. The first method is more preferable.
The final version xill be adopted by the time the construction ia completed.
_ The connection of the GAE3 to the electric poxer eystem has been stipulated
at a voltage of 330 kilovolts over six LEP's~lectric poNOr transmiesion
line~ outgoing to the Lithuanian CRFS(Elektrenay)~ and the cities of
Kaunas, Sov,~tsk, and Shaulyay. A site has been apecified for the construc-
tion of a 110 kilovolt ORU.
The organization of the GAES operation has been developed by doing research
on the mathematical model of CAFS Kork schedules in OFS SZ and the draxing
up of a ASUTP~utomatic control sy~tem of production procease] schematic
diagram. The Kayshyadorskaya CAFS~ as a multi-purpose maneuverahle elect~cic
power station, muat provide with ita own xork~ in the final analysie~ the
reliab~ility of the electric poxer supply of the consumer and improve the
techrlical and econonic indicators of the GRES'a~ TETs's~ and AES's. There-
fore its operating schedule is deteruined by the poxer-economic and tech-
nical requirements of the 0~ indicated generating c~,pacities. Hence the
ma.neuverability and reliab~lity of operation of ~he GAES and its install-
ations as a xhole~ acquires great importance. These poaitions are the b~sic
criteria wt~en designing GAFS's and OES's. The situation was earlier adopted
whereby the GAES ~s used in turbine or pumping modes under the "usual~ nor-
mal" operating conditions of the OES genera~ing capacities for covering the
~ daily electric power load schedulef the possib~ility has been accepted for
the simultaneous switching off or starting up of two reveraihle GAES units.
- This condition xas set during the selection of the type and design of the
installations~ the conditions of starting up and stops of the reversible
units~ the picking ~f auxiliary equipmen~~ etc.
Joint studies of Gidroproyekt with the ODU SZ have shoxn that xith the
established GAES work conditions there muat be emergency OES situations
during xhich all eight reversitile units at the GAFS can 3e simultaneously
switch~d off or on~ and also a part of the units can work simultaneously
in the pumping mode and p~rt in the turtaine mode. Theae requirenenta were
also taken into consideration during the deaign of the ba.sic GAES inatall-
ati ons .
The number of operational per~onnel xas determined to be 300.
The total area. of land set aside for the construction of the CAES is 8.54
square ki~.ometers, including 6.53 aqua.re kilo~eters for pez~anent use and
2.90 square kilometers of ploxed fields. Some 207 individuals from 87
farms are being moved frnm the area set aside. To compensate for the loss
of ~griculture they have provided for the creation of irrigated long-term
cultivated pastures xith dual regulation of soil moisture on a 7.31 square
kilometer area. Altogether 88.30 square kilometers of adjacent agricul-
tur~.l lands can be irrigated from the elevated basin of the Kayahyadorskaya
GAES. This basin xill also be used for the xater supply of the city of
Kayshya.doris.
_ 7
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~ Tha total expense on measures for preparing the constructi~~n site ip 4.6 _
million rubles and 2~58 million ruhles for restoring agricul~~.:ra1 production.
Money has boen made available for measures to protect nature~ strengthen
the cor~stal area., and compensate for the loss of the fishing industry at a
total cost of 3.9 mi111on ruhles.
The type of xork volumea for the main GAES installations amount toi.trYe re-
moval of 16 million cuhic meters of soil~ the embankment and earth backing
~ of 16 million squa,r.e metera~ laying of concrete and reinforced concrete--
about 800~000 cubic metera using 62~000 tona of equipment~ the installation ~
of 9~600 tons of inetal structures and machinery~ 16~600 tons of inetallic
pipe coveringa~ and 1?r 25~ tons of hydroelectric poxer equipment.
About three million cubic meters of non-metallic materials including 1.1
million cubic meters of gravel~ 90~000 cubd.c meters of crushed stone~
20~000 cubic meters of b~ick~ and 650,000 cubdc meters of sand are required
for the conetruction of the Kayshyadorskaya GAFS.
The non-metallic materials for the construction pr.oject have been taken from
" three loca.l open sand and gravel pits, tko of xhich are underwater~ aitu-
ated in tne ICaur~as reservoir= a7.1 of ~them are xithin a five-kilometer rad-
ius of the GAES installations.
In the installation work, about 70 percent of which is concentra.tad on the
elevated basin, they plan to use mainly excavators in combination xith
~ automatic dump trucks. They intend to carry out a part of the excava.tion
work using motor and pull-type scraper~, bulldozers and small excavators~
and also type 300-50 dredgers. �
For laying conc~rete in the insta.llations they have provided for craxler-
mounted and toxer cranes with an input of concrete mixture to them by auto-
matic dump trucks and they ha.ve provided for concrete mixer pumps fox lay-
ing in the reinforced concrete pipes. For preparing the concrete mixture
they have crea.ted a concrete serviee xith a productivity of 80 cubie meters
of commercial concrete an hour(a maximum monthly laying of 33,000 cubic
meters), including a concrete plant for four concrete mixers of one cubic
meter each~ a 1,?00-ton cement warehouse, fill xarehouses~ etc.
The total requirement for be~sic construction machinery and means of trans- _
portation(pieces) amounts to 41 excavator,4~ 14 scrapers~ 2 dredgers~ 36
bull~.ozers, 30 tractors, 38 various kinds of cranes, 127 ~rious types of
~ automatic dump trucks~ and 42 vehicles frith sides.
A complex of subsidiary enterprises ha.s been provided to carry out the con-
struction and installation workr a temporary construction facility at the
construction site; at the Lithuanian GRFS construction t~ase in the settle-
ment of Elektrena.y ~.:~::~.re is a perma.nent railroad facility~ which after com- -
pletion of the construction of the Kayshyadorskaya GAES will be used as a
G
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~
(
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
rNA~'O:INN\~MVJlllny~uwe snekrpn�
~ CTENUNN / "
~ ~~j ._.~~.l.
_ ~ I1p~p~tcaN ' I ~
~ 1 ~ Ji~nm+rrai
~4~ ~ ) ~ ~~6~~
~
CT1HOtl11C1111TA h101llHOCTb ~6~~ ~2~~ Q25 ~92~
7 o reFic paropxoM pc~c~i�
� n~e, MBr.
: /A4parFiMbie nrperaTw;
~~1 MOl1~ItOCTb, MBr 200,Q ?00,0 33,5 320,0
b KO~NNCCT00 8 6 3 6
9~Hanop (pacvcr~twA), M 100,0 100,0 G5,0 105,5
~10~acw pa6orw rasc (pac�
4ETHbif~ 8 PCN(NMC;
? TY~GNHNOM 5,6 4,0 3,0 8,b
, H9COCHOM , $,0 6,0 7,4 Henenb�
' N~a (19)
~ PCNfNM
~ I'opoeAA ot~pa6orea (pac� 2400 1200 100 5000
C~1 eTHBH~, MJIH~ KBT�4
T1~rpe6neHHe 9neKTpo� 3300 1640 160 6820
~12 Hepr~iH e HacecHOnt
pCNtNMC, M1W. KBT�4
13~cxon eouw Ha ebi,pa6or� 4,16 4,82 5,48 3,46
~ Y ~ KBT~4, M~
Bepxt~~+N 6acceAH:
9HCPfCTN4~CK{1119KBN� 9,14 4,16 0,71 19,2
/ 88JIfHT~ r111H. KBT�4
\1~'~nonFiaa e~~KOC~b, 46,5 29,9 4,6 102,0
ntnH, M'
nonesHaA C~IKOCTb~ 37,5, 22,2 3,7, 66,5
MAH. M~
~ rny6Haa cpa6orKH, nt 13,5 9,0 6,0 20,4
, ~bEMbl OCHOBHWX pa6or
8 ~ KBT: ~
' ~~5~ ndeMKa 1d,0 14,8 37,7 17,2
~ Hacbinb 10,0. 18,05 49,2 15,3
6eTOtt NHCeneao6eTOH 0,5 0,56 0,32 Her, ~20~
Q,ANHWX
ro ~ce 6es yvera 0,26 0,33 Her 0,17
KpenneHUA N Tpy6o� Aatt- 20~
nponoAOe H~x
~ O6l1IaA CTONMOCTb CTpON�
~ /~1 ~JIbCTB9:
~i MnH. py6. 261,4 217,3 25,8 -
MnH. Aonn. - - - 340
, yAenbHbie K~nNranoeno-
NfCHNA:
~17~ py6/KBr 144,1 163,0 184,0
~ Aonn,/icBT - _ - 175
j ,~pRK oKynaeMOCrN, ner 3,G 5,5 Her Aaettdx~20~
~ its~
i
KeYs
1. Indicators 7. Installed capacity in the gen-
: z� G~' ~ erator mode, in megaxatt 8
3. Kayshyadorskaya 8. Reversible unitat
4. Za.gorskaya capacity~ in megawatta
~ 5. Kievskaya num'ber -
6. La.dington(USA) 9. pressure(estimated)~ in ~tetera
9 1{ey continued on folloxing ~
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10, Hc~ur~ of o eration of th~ CA~ 15. Amount of be~eic work pur ki].ouat~t~
(~~tim~ted~ ini ~xcavation
turbine mode ~ab~nkment
pumping mode ooncrete and reinforood concrete ~
11. Annual output(~stimated)~ in the same~ not ~ongidering rein-
mil7.ions of kilouatt houre foroe~ent and pipe~
12. Conswnption of el~ctric poW~r 16~ T~ta1. ~onstruotion cogt~
in tha pwnping mode~ in millione of rubles
mil~lons of kilowatt hour~ millions of dollar~ -
13. ~cpenditura of Watar to pro- 17~ 9pecifio ~apital investments~
duce one kilowatti hour~ in ruble8 per kSloxatt
cubio m~ters dollars per kilowatt
14. ~levated bagin~ 18. Investment recovery period~ in
eleotrio poxer equivalent~ yeara
in milllon~ of kilowatt hours 19~ Neekly operation
aggregate cape?city~ in 20~ No information
millions of cubic metera
available capacity~ in
milliona of cuhic metera
depth of de~rease~ in saeters
permanent construction ffise of the general contractor and as a pera~anent re-
pair enterpriee of the Lithuanian 99R eleotric poWer syatem. I1se is aleo plan-
ned of the production capacitisa of the combine of production enterpriaea
and the general contractor's base~ located in the aity of Kaunas~ xhich belong
to the USSR Ministry o~ Pouer.
A housing settlement for the construation and operational personnel~ rrith a
total area of 100~000 square metera~ is in the poxer xorkers aettlenent of
Elektrenay.
The total length of conatr~sction of the Kayahyadorsicaya GAES(including ~the
preparatory period) amounta to six yeara xith 3~500 construction peraonnel.
The start of the construction of the Kayahyadorskaya GAFS has been atipulated
as a national econoaaic plan of the current five-year plan and prepe~ratory
work on it has begun.
The technical and econoaiic indicators otrtained for the Kayshyadorskaya CAF3
have been compared xith the indicatora of the similar CAFS's(aee the tab~le)~
Zagorskaya~ Kievskaya(USSR) and Ladington(USA) which are similar in com-
position and arrangement of installations~ in natural conditions(climatic~
hydrological~ topographic~ and geological). The Zagorakaya C;AES is being
built~ the iCievskaya xas built in 19?3~ gnd the Iadington in the years 1969-
1974.
Thus~ the technical and economic indicatora of the Kayshyadorskaya GAES are
favorable and shoH the economic effectiveneas of its construction.
10
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ffiaLIOGRAPHY
i. "Methods of Cavering Peake in Electria Power Loade~" A Colleation of
Reporte~~ Mosoox~ I~d, AN USSR~ i963.
2. ~conomSo tnd 9ooial Oout~oil~ the Europee~n 8~aonoMic Commission Coawittee
on Poxe~c(UN)~ Msteriale froo the 1-3 Oatob~r 1973 3e~~ion~ Reports on
CES'~ and GI~ES's~ Restriated EP~CE 11~5 ~'une i973~ Rw~eian Original~
Frenoh. -
3. Same as above~ Material of the 3eoretariat of the Co~it~Eee on Po?rer~ ~
st/ECE/EP/45~ i975� `
4. Baburin~ B. L.~ Fayn~ I. I.~ "The Econo~ic 8~?a18 of }~ydroeleatric Poxer
3tation Conetruction~" Mo$cox~ Ei~ERCIYA~ 1975�
5. Babursn~ 8. L., "The Fuel Impact of Piapned ~}rdroelectric Power Stations~!'
Moscox~ ENERGIYA, 1965�
6. Neporo~hniy~ P. 9., ed.~ "Nydroelectrio Poxer and the Over-All Utili~e?tion
of Water Resouroes~" Mos~~w, ~i~RCIYA~ 19~0. .
7. zeyliger, A. N., Sharygin~ Y. 3.~ "Deteraining ~the Fuel Impaat of CA~S's~"
GIDROTEKHNlC}~100YT STROITII,' STYO ~ No 1~ 19?l+.
8. "A 3tandard Net,hod for Deternining the F,~onomic Effectivenesa of Capital
Inveatmenta~" Goaplan lJ~3R~ Gosstroy U39R~ AN US9R, 1969.
9. Derrahhko, M. V. ~"The Ladington~ U9A GAS'S~" ENPRCOK}iOZYAY3TY0 ZA RUB~ZZ}~ti~
No 4~ 1976.
10. Avdeyev~ G. N.~ "The Zagorakaya GAES~" GIDROTb~{HNICHF5K4YE 3TROITEL'STYO~
No 4, 19~2.
ii. Avdeyev~ G. N., ~burin, B. L., "The Levelling Off oF I~oad 3chedulea of
ElectMc Poxer Syatens and the Selection of the Type of Electric Power
3t$tions for Covaring Pee~k Loads Moscox~ Nauka, 19~�
COPYRICHT: Izdatel'stvo "Energiya", "Gidrotekhnicheskoye stroitel'stvo",
1979
8524
C50: 1822
11
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~;t,CCTItYC pOW~Et ANn pdWCEt ~QUIPM~NT
~pUiY~11,N'C 1~Oit pU~IP~b-5TOf2AG~ CLCCTRTC ~'OW~It 5'TATION5'
Kiev Seminar
Moscow ~N~RCOI~CASHTNOSTROYEI~IYE in Russian No 4~ Apr ~'9 pp 46-47
~rticle by Candidate of Teahnical Sciences Yu. I~ Fedulov and angineere
L. 0. Sheludyakov and S. 3~ Nikol'skaya)
~ex) The "Basic Trends in the Development of the National Economy of the
USSR for the Years 197b-1980~" produced by the 25th GP3U Congreas, envielons
a speeding up of the construction of GAES'e~,punped-storage electric poxer
atation) to provide an inprovenent in the technical and econoaic xork in-
dicatore of xater poxer equipeent.
The requirement to construct GAES's in the united "Yug" aystea~ xhich ]~o-
vides electric poxer to customers of the Ukrainian and Moldavian Republica~
a number of RSFSR oblasts, and also the CEMA member countriea~ caaie about
through a number of b~sic factora--the alsost full utili~,ation of the
effective xater poxer potential of rivers and the slox conatruction of nex
p~ak and sea~i-peak GES's, the further groxth in peak and seni-peak loads~
the necesaity to cover these ioads and~ in connection Mith this~ to cre4ta
high-apeed drainage canals~ and the difficultiea in developing econoaic peak
and semi�peak ateam and gas-turb~ne electric poxer atations.
In 19?$ in Kiev at the Uk33R YDNKh "Elektrifikatsiya" pavilion, the repub-
lic scientific and technical seainar "F~cperience in Creating Hydroaechanical
and Electrical Equipa~ent fbr Puaped-3torage ~lectric Poxer Stationa" took
place. The seminar xas devoted to examining the creation of hydro~echan-
ical and el.ectrical equipment for GAFS's and the proapecta and probleas of
CAES construction.
~
The seminar xas org~nized lry the Khar'kov Scientific Center of the UkSSR
Academy of Sciences~ the Scientific Council of the UkSSR Acade~y of Sciences
on Poxer Engineering Proble~s~ the Inatitute of Engineering Probless of the
UkSSR Academy of Sciences 3ointly xith the Uk33R I~tiniatry of Poxer and
12
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~
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- Electrifi~ation, the Institute of ~le~trodynaad.oa of the UkSSR Academy of
8ciencea~ and the Ukrainian NTO~olentific and Teohnical Societ~ Board for
the Poxer and Eleotrical ~ngineering Industry of the UkSSR VDNKh.
Some 102 pe$ple partioipated in the xork of the seminar--staff inembers of
Goaplan Uk39R, the tJ39R and UkS9R Ministry of Power and Eleotrifi~ation~ re-
presentatives of soientifSo institutions~ YUZ'g~ scientific research~ plan-
ning~ and design organisations workit~g in the field of xater poxer~ ataff
from power and electrical engitteering equipaent produoer planta~ eleotric
poxer ayetem xorkers~ repreaentatives of the central and republio NT~ Board
for the Poxer and Eleatrical Engineering Industry.
Txo seotiona xorked in accordance xith the progzam of the seininar--hydro-
mechanical GAffi equipment and eleatrical engineering GAFS equipaent.
Some 43 r9porta~ co~munications~ and apeeches npen to discussion were heard
and considered at meetings and summariea of theae reports~ communications~
and disousaion materials xere publiahed prior to t.he beginning of the se~ine?r.
The folloxing be~aic questions xere diacussed at the aeminar--prospecta and
probleme of GAF~ construction in the Ukraine and the U3SR~ 4AES'a in power ~
complexes~ featurea of deaigning hydromechanical and electrical engir~eeri
~ ing equipment for GAES'8 in the US3R and ab~oad~ problems in starting up
and opet~e~t~ng poxerful GAF~ unita~ the deaign of and operational experience
rrith domestic and foreign reversible units~ the exchange of experience in
the area of scientific research work on creating hydromechanical and elec-
trical engineering equipnent for GAE3's~ including the areation of equipoent
for loW-pressure GFS-CAES's~ the use of nex methods of theoretical and ex-
perimental research on the operation of revereib~le t~ydraulic aachinery and
an increase in the effectiveneas of the uae of the reaults of eaientific
efforts~ the coordination of acientific reaearch xork in the creation of
flox-through parts of reversible hydraulic machinery for various paraaeters~
including for GAES's of the UI:33R~ and other questions.
The exhaustion of the econaoic potential of xater poxer resources in a ,
number of regions of the European part of the country precludes the con-
struction of nex GE3's. An increase in the production of poxer by the ex-
iating CES's can be achieved by using xater storage at the nexly construct-
ed GFS-GAES's, and also by installing reversible equipment at some of the
existing atatiot~s. The availab~lity of lox-pressure reversib~l.e equipsent,
xhich ia being produced ~xtremely eloxly in our country, Sa reguired to aolve
these problema.
About 50 sites have been mentioned where GFS-CAES's can be constructed~ the
first and foremost of the~ being Dneatrovskaya~ Tereblinakaya, Kanevskaya~
and Dneproskaya. Data xere preaented in the report of Yu. A. Yukhnov and
Yu. N. Yasil'yev(the Ukrainian department of Gidroproyekt~All-Union Plan-
ning, 3urveying~ and 3aientific Research Institute loeni 3. Ya. Zhuk,~,
Khar'kov) on the stations listed.
13
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ThQy examin~d the d~s~gn features and pgramateres of CA~'S'g of a number of
- forgign countries(the report of L. Ya. 5tanlelavakiy~ Khar'kov Scientific
Center). Recoa~mendatione xere made to ~tili~e this experience in creatSng
powerful CALS's xhen building domegtic GA~S'~. The necessity to spead up
the con~truction of large-acale GAES'~ xith unita o~ 200 meg~Wa~t~ anfl
hi~har was emphasi~ed in order to accumulate experience.
Yn �th~ procesa af operating the Klev GA~S~ the first one in the USSR, as
noted in the report af the chi.ef engineer of the Ka~kad Srednedneprovskikh
G~S S. I. Yotashnik~ a significant amount of experience and the rasultg of
a large volurae of full-scale reaearch and operational testa xere aoaumulated.
The conclusion xas that GA55's are effiolent and must be introduced into the
xater poxer enginoerin~ of our country.
The repnrts af A. A. Sotnikov and I. M. Pylev(of the production association
"Leningrad Metal Plany") spoke of extensive reaearch~ innovationa in design
resolution~ ~nd sche~ue~ for the automatic control of a turhine pump. A
complex of
project deaign work~ based on the ~patial representation of the
flox and tho energy balance equation~ pen^1ta the optimi~.ation of the floW
channel~ decreasea the number of variant3 xorked out experimentally~ and
inc~~eaaes the effectiveneas of experimental research~ ~
At the Institute of E~gineering Problems of the UkSSR Academy of Sciences~
Khar'kov(the report of Yu. T. Fedulov)~ they developed a model of a flox-
through part of a reversible hydraulic machine of the radial-axis type for
180-220 meters of pressure xhich has satisfactory hydrndynamic and econolaic
indlcators~ corresponding to the level of foreign suggeations for the given
pre~sures. Recommendatiions xere made for the design of rotora at the pre-
scribed presaures.
A basic problem is starting up the rerreraible units in the engine mode.
For the immediate time frame the electrical induatry cannot create relia-
ble units rrith a 300 megaxatt capacity~ started by direct sxitching into
the netHOrk. Therefore the only acceptable method of starting up is to
start up from a thyristor frequency converter. Such a device xas manufac-
tured at the Khar'kov Electrical Machinery Plant and installed at the Kiev
GAES for in-depth studies.
In the closing seminar recommendations xhich xere adopted it xas noted that
the Kiev GAES, the first one in the coun4ryr~ substantially benefits the
poxer system in covering above-peak loads. The groxth of xater atorage can
satisfy the demands not only of electric poxer but also of xater supply
and irriga.tion.
It Nas pointed out that the amount of research and planning and design xork
on creating hydromechanical and electrical engineering equipatent for future
GA~' 's is still inadequa.te. Gosplan~ the appropriate ministries~ and the
producer plants must pay a~:ention to the creation of reversible hydraulic
machinery and generators~ to increase the volume of research and planning-
design xork in this area~ to tsoaden the axperimental facilities of the ex-
isting laboratories, and provide the requlred financing.
Ci?P'i(tlc,Ii"C: izdatel'stvu "~iashinostroyeniye", "Ener~;om.-~shinostroyeniye", 1979
lu
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N~w Miniarur~ SC~am Gener~Cor
Moycdw ~N~RGOMA5HINOSTl20Y~NIY~ in Itusaian No 4, Apr 79 ineide b~ck cdver
[Advnrtig~ment)
[TexCJ C-500-140GM-VN GOST 3619-69 (model TGM-444)
The steam'�g~nerator hae one drum~ xith natural circulation~ is eingle-hul1,
miniaturi~ed~ xith a TsKTl~entral 3aientific Regearch, Planning and Design
Boiler and Turbd.ne Yneti~Eute ia~eni I~ I. Pol~unov] vortical furnace. It
has a three-Way configuration of the heating surfacea and has been deaigned
to operate under presauri~ation. The furnace chamber consists of a hori-
~ zontal cylindrical chamber and a priamatic ooolir~g chamber.
The ateaa~ auperheater has been made from screened conveotional aections~ pro-
viding free accesa for the inapection and rep~.tr of each pipe of the heating
surface.
There is no cleaning of the heating aurfacea due to the aperational features
of the steam generator'a high-force vortical furrsace.
The MPG[~r~iniature atea.m generator] xith the TaKTI vortical furnace la an
original domeatic design~ moat fully ansxering the groxing requirementa of
high-parameter and large-cap~city electric poxer atations.
~ ~ ~
.t,
~
~
;
. r, ~
~k , , ti
, ~t
~ 1.
~
~
~~p.~,~ -
~
15
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~OIt d~'F'ICIAL USC ONI,Y
Basia Advantages of the MPC
Small size~ there is a dRCreaee of 2-3 ti~es in the epace occupied by the
I~G roainly beaause of a height reduation b~ought about through the use of _
a hi~h-force vorticaJ. furnaca.
High design and operational reliability~ this is obtained by a reduction of
~ local loadings in the zone of the highest gas temperatures~ the uniform -
xarming of the heating eurfaoes~ their conetant oleanllneea~ and the e1la~in-
ation or significant decrease of lox-temperature corrosion.
Heating universality~ the design of the TsKTI vortical furriace pAraite the
burning of different t ea of fuel in it and has a high level of unitieation
of elements for the PG~team generator] in a b~oad re?nge of capacities.
liigh operational KPD~fficiency facto]s the method of burning and the op-
timwa Kork conditions of the heating aurfaces provide a st,able KPD, equal
to 94-95 percent for gas and mazut and 92-93 percent for solid fuel.
The possil~ility of xorking under preasuri~ation~ this helps to elininate
insufficiently reliable and expenaive exhauat fans from the gas channel.
The minimum length of the steam maina is 25-40 metexs instead of the 80-
140 meters for the usual I~G design.
The flox line production of elementa can be organi~ed because of their heat
and technological universality.
The high-speed installation of the liPG is poasible because the heating
surfaces are delivered as a small number of volumetric units fully finished
at the plant.
The MPG E-500 VN has 30 percent less metal capacity and its dimensions('by
volume) are 50 percent less compared xith a chamber PG of the same oapacity
and parameters.
Please direct all questions concerning the purchase or sale of licenses
to the Al1-Union Association "Litsenzintorg" at the address~ 113461~ _
Moscox~ M-4b1, 31 Kakhovka St.~ telephone number 121-05-35�
They have developed in the USSR a nex industrial proceas for manufacturing
a xholly-punched~ sharply-curved pipe bend(a curved fitting) for high-
preosure, large-sized piping by wsing the punching ~om rolled or atamp-
xelded pipe material.
Technical capab~lities of the processs
the angle of bending of the pipe, in degrees ......................up to 180
the minimally permiasible relative thickneas of the xall of the
ma.terial(the relationship of the thickneas of the xall to the
outer diameter)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6
16
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radius1of~the curvature~o thaeouterCdia~et~r)ionship�of�the/caean�.~0.8-2.0
the relative length of the etraight-11ne end section(~the re1~-
tLonship of the length of the straight aeotion ~Eo the outer dia-
meter of the pipe bend)~ depending on the radius of the ourvature...0.3�0.4
; the greateat tapering of the Frall on the aonvex surface in
' percentage When the angle of bend is up to~
i 10o degreea 6
180 ~.egree8 12
I
~ COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'gevo "Mashinostroyeniye", "~nergomashinoseroyeniye", 1979
f
i
i 8524 .
! CSO: 1822
~
17
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~'dk Ut~CIC1AL USL dNLY
LI,~C'CItIC ~OWLR AND pO~JCR CQUII'M~N'T
70T11 BIIt'THbAY 0~' NIKOLAY AL~K~p*'~:~~ ~^H Rz~tANI'"SYN
Moscow GItiRO'T~;KlINICHE5K0Y~ STkOIT~L'STVO in Russian Nn 4, Apr 79 p 58
[TextJ ~rofessor Nikolay Aleksandrovich RzhaniCSyn, Doctor of 'Technical 5ci~ncea
and Honored Scientist and Engineer of the R3FSR~ had his 70t.h b~rthda.y in
December 197a�
After graduating from a higher engineering and technical school in 1931~ Niko-
1ay Aleksandrovich xas involved in design xo:rk for 10 years and worked on the
construction of larg~-scale hydraulic er~ineez~!ng inatsllations. In the con-
struction of the Moscow canal in the yeara i931-37~ he carried out complex
hydraulic calculationa and studies of the canal~ as xell as studies of tha
lay-out of the Ivan'kovskiy and Pirogovakiy hydraulic poxer systeas, sluices
and pua?ping stations. In the yeara 1937-1941 he xorked on the construction
of the K~.~ybyshev hydraulic poxer syatem~ and then in planning management~
he carried out laboratory reaearch on the plarined installations. F~om 1941-
1945 he xas in a special expedition on the Northxeatern front~ and then the
expedition xas sent to the Urals to design and construct a hydroelectric
poxer station on the T~ra River.
In 1945, after defending his master's dissertation, N. A. Rzhanitsyn xas
named director of the aiarine hydrophyaical station of the USSR Acaden~y of
Sciences xhere he performed scientific xork. In 194? he moved to scien-
tific uork with TsNIIEV'T~entral Scientific Research Institute far the Eco-
namy and Operation of Water Tranaportatio] of the R3FSR Miniatry Qf the
River Fleet xhere he xas deputy director of the institute for eight years
and then managed a divisior,, The main result of the xork of this period
xas the development by thb division's collective~ under t,he leaderehip and
xith the direct participation of N. A Rzhanitsyn and in collaboration xith
a numb~r of prnduction organi~ations~ of a nex ayatem for imprnving the
navigational conditions of rivers.
Since 1952~ P~~llel xith his main xork~ he has taught at HGU imeni M. V.
Lomonosov and then at MISI~oscox Construction E~gineering Institute imeni
V. V. Kt~byshev~.
18
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i '
~ rnK r~rtctnL usL oNLY
i
,
rn 1958 he defended hi~ doctoral dissertation "Hydrologio and Morphometric
- CharacterSatios of Y,oxland River~." In i5~60 he xas a~rarded the tstle of
professor.
In 1962 Ni`kolay Aleksandrovich xag traneferred to xork at the Unlversity of
' Friendship of the Peoples itneni P. Lwnwnba and aelected for the ~ob of
~ head of the department of Hydraulios and Hydraulio Work.
~ N. A. RzHanitayn is a well-known scholar in the fields of river hydre~ullca~
hydrology~ and river-bed procesaes. His xork is concerned with tho pro-
; blems of the theory of river-bed proceasea~ the construotion of a river net-
xork of unstable motion, and the movement of xater thrnugh natural channels.
He has pub~liahed 40 xorks on theae queatSons including four monographs con-
~ ~taining nex scientifio trends in the theory of river netxork and river-bed
processes. Individual trea~Eisea of his have been pre~ented at international
congresses. He also has four pe~tenta for his lnventions. During the last ten
, years he has conduoted a large amour~t of solentific research on the prohlem
of developing the Karakum Canal imeni Y. I. Lenin.
N. A. Rzhanitsyn Ss a member of the academic aouncils of the department and
university~ a member of t.he coa~aission for the protection of res:ourcea of the
, state committee for science and technology under the USSR Council of Ministers~
a member of the specialization acadesic council of the Moscoa Hydraulic De-
velopment Institute~ a member and conaultant of the technice~l council of the
R3F3R Ministry of the River Fleet~ a nember of the International Asaociation
of Hydraulic 5tudies and a member of the Soviet national ~ommittee of thie
~ asaociation. He la aleo a conaultant to the U3SR Ministry of ~ister R~-
' sources~ the USSR Miniatzy of Poxer~ and Goaplan USSR.
His party and public xork h~as been marked by Oktyab~'skiy and Cheremuah-
kinakiy diplomas of the RK~repuhlic comalitte) CPSU and entered on the
rayon honor roll.
In 1967~ for great contribution$ to the xoxk of p~reparing highly-skilled
specialists for the developing countries and in connection irith the 5th
bdrthday of the university~ N. A. Rzhanitayn rtas axarcled the Badge of Honor.
In 19?4 for distit~guished contributions to the development of domestic
science and technology and also in connection xith the 40th anniversary of
his scientific and teaching activitiea~ he xas axarded the title of "Honor-
ed RSFSR Scientiat and ~ngineer." In 19~~ for Korking out problens on the
development of the Karakum Canal and in training national acientific per-
sonnel, he ~ras a~rarded the diploaa of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
of the Turkmen SSR. He xas also a~rarded diplomas of the USSR Ministry of
Higher and Secondary 3pecialised &lucation, the RSFSR Ministry of the Rivar
Flest~ an AUCCTU diploma~ and medals.
19
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In noting the 70th Mrthday of Nikolay Aleksandrovich Rzhanitsyn~ the aoi-
entific hydraulic engineering community and the editorial ataff of the
ma~azine CIDROT~i(HNICH~SKOYE 3TROITII,'STVO oorcllally oongratulate him on
- his glorious ~ubilee and sincerely uieh him good health and further euccess
in developing ~Ehe aoienoe of hyciraulic englneering.
COF'YRICHTt Iedatel'stvo "Energiya"~ "Gidrotekhnicheskoye stroitel'stvo"~
1979
85z4
cso~ i82z
20
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~ H'Ott nl~~'ICIAL US~ ONLY �
FUELS AND R~LAT~D EQiTIPMENT
UDC 662.767.004.14.003
GA5 SUPPLY 5YSTEM UNIFIEb
Moscow GAZOVAYA PROMYSHLENNOST': EKONOMIKA GA20VOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI in
Russtan No 5, 1979 pp 15-18
[Article by I. G. Barkhudaryan and E. S. Kotanyan~ VNIIEgazprom: "Analysis
of the Gas ConeumpCion in the Transcaucasus Republics"]
(Text] Natural gas has become a basic form of fuel in the Transcaucasus
economic region: one-third of the consumers have their needs satisfied
th rough gas. The ma~or conaumers of natural gas ~re industry as a whole
and enterpriaes of the chemical, metallurgical and building materials
industries. It is interesting Co analyze the gas consumption that has
actually been established by the consumers of the T ranscaucasus republics
during the last few years (1974-1977).
The proportion of gas consumption by industry individually for the Trans-
caucasus republics ia approximately identical: in the Armenian SSR--76 per-
cent, in the Georgian SSR--78.6 percent and in the Azerbai3an SSR--
76.1 percent. This proportion is not maintained, however, if one considers
_ industry without including the power engineering sector, which is the
largest gas consumert~ in the Armenian SSR--48.1 percent, in the Georgian SSR
--56.8 percent and in the Azerbaijan SSR--30.7 percent. This disproportion
in gas consumption stems primarily from the fact that a dissimilar amount
of gas goes to the share of power engineering. For example, in the
Azerbaydzhan SSR power engineering consumes almost half of the gas consumed
by the entire republic (45.4%), while in the Armenian SSR it is 28.0 percent
and in the Georgian SS R--21:8 percent.
No substantial differences are observed in the indicators for the relative
proportion of gas consumed for municipal and everyday service consumers of
th e Transcaucasus republics. The relative proportion of this category of
consumers constitutes 22-25 percent of the gas cons~ption by all the
rep ublics.
The second major gas consumer for the Transcaucasus is the chemical industry,
which has developed particularly in Armenia and Azerbai~an (Table 1). In
this sector gas is consumed both as a raw material and as fuel. In the
Georgian SSR ferrous metallurgy is the second major consumer.
21
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~OR O~~ZCIAL USE ONLY
'1't~hlc 1. Strur.Cure ~f. Gnq Cnn~umpeion by the Transc~ucu~un Itepublic
Tndustty, in %
Scctor oE IndusCry Arm 5SR Geors SSB Az SSit
Ii~duytry as a whole 100.0 100.0 100.0
Lncluding:
power engineering 37~0 27.7 59.5
building maCerials 9.8 14.9 5.9
chemical, petrochemtcal 23.0 14.5 18.9
nonferrous meC~llurgy 8.9
ferrous metallurgy 26.1 3.0
food 6.6 5.0 2.0
machine building and electrical equipmenC 7.1 4.0 6.7
ott~er :~ecCors 7.6 7.8 G.0
In ttie Armentan SSR, in contrast to the other republics o� rhe Transcaucasus,
nonferrous metallurgy lias been developed. In this indusCry about 45-50 per-
cent of rhe Cot~l amount of gas is used in the aluminum and copper-smelting
indus~ry, and the remaining portion of rhe gas is used in other subsecCors.
Tt~e building maCerials industry is one of the main sectors of industry in
the Transca~casus republics. This sector is more developed in the Georgian
SSR and th e Armenian SSR, however. It must be noted that in the building
materials indusCry the percentage of use of gas for nonindustrial needs is
high: approximately 80 percent goes to roasting and drying furnaces.
The machine building and electrical equipment sector of industry holds
third place in gas consumption in the Azerbaijan SSR. Natural gas is
~ised in macl~ine building mainly in the processes of smelting, heating and
forging metal.
The food industry may also be included as a developed sector in the Trans-
caucasus. It is more developed in Che Georgian SSR and Armenian SSR, where
the ~as consumption is respectively 6.6 and 5.0 percent of the consumption
by all of industry. In this sector the proportion of gas used for indus-
rrial processes is slightly less than 50 percent.
The rest of th e sectors of industry, grouped as others, consume a negligible
- amount of gas individually, and therefore are not considered in differenti-
ation.
M analysis of the dynamics of the actual gas consumption by basic categories
of consumers in th e Transcaucasus republics showed that in 1976 some indi-
cators for the industrial sector were reduced. This because, during the
winter period, due to the sh arp drops in temperature of the outer air and
emer~ency situations at the GTS, many industrial enterprises were converted
to reserve types of fuel for the purpose of normal provision of gas for
~ facilities in the municipal and everyday service sector.
22
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FOR OFF'ICLAL USE ONLY
H
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23
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1'dit O1~'t~ tC tAt. USL nNLY
'~'1~e m;i t?~ rt tc,~1 f th r f,n~ ~nng utnp t it~i1, ~~H w~~~ yhnwn ~~hc~v~ ,~,~11 H t~ pc~w~ r
ent;tii~~~rin~, but tn tl~r. l.~~t f~w y~xrg ~ cerer~in r~dur.tinn in th~ r.c+naump-
t t~~n ha;~ hc~en c~b~erved. 'I'hi:~ ~itia~tinn resulend in ~ reduCtidn tn ehe
~,~iy ~~c~n~iimp~icm Indtr.atc~rg hy the enCire indu~Cry. '1'hig h~d n~ ~f~er.t,
I~~~wev~r, cm the ~rowth rn~es of the republi~g' n~tional e~on~my (1.05-1,1n),
yinr.e gas consum~tidn in thc mwlicipal-everyd~y ~ervice s~ctdr iq growing.
Iteytrictidn~ in the consumprian ~f gny by thc pdwer engineering t~F'.CttlY~ p~r-
tic~il.~rly {n tlie Arm~ninn 55it ~nd the Georgiari SSit, a~e connected with th~
t',~cr. th,~t t:he f.~ar_tlitiey o~ tht~ :~eceor ~~re coi~vertit~g to r~gerv~ ~uel
(n~~~r.ut) prim~irtly, Thi~ grdup df cnnKUmcrs shnuld be ~upnlied wirh gng~
hciwever, in the firgt pl~~ce, from Ch~ st~ndpdint di the ef�i~i~ncy uying
~7a relntive td dth~r types of fucl [1J, ~~nd in the second plnce, ~rom rh~
yt~~ndpdi~it uf environment~l protectintt. 'Che l~tter is very import~~nt Edr
ehe 'Cr~nsc~~ur.~suv republiCy, particul~rly Armenia and Gedrgi~, where the
E~~rtlittey o~ elie power engineering sector ~re lncgted in ~re~y tti~C are
rlc~;~e to Itouwin~ tr~Ct:~.
't'he result~ ot the ~nalyqis of the ~ctu~l guy cnngUmption by the ge~tdr~ df
th~~ n~ition~~l econnmy ~re usecl in predir.ting g~g cdnsumption, e~pccinlly it~
regimc indicatorg. At the s~me tim~ there iy widesc~~le uge d� methnds nf
, :~tudyinK t}~e dynnmic yeries in the preceding perind with the correspdnding
processic~g of the datn ~n~lyzed. The predictive indic~tors chgr~cterizing
the Kas consumption condiCions wern deCermined by mean~ of the Wnld-I~ergbtlg
methnds, making it po~stble ro find the values of ehe ad~usted co~f ficienCg
o~ the se~isonal irregul~rity by elimin~ting the growth dynamiCS und random
fluctuation~ [har distort the normnl course of the se~son~hl wave [2~.
'Che ~~lgorithm for culculating the cnefficients of the season~l irregularity
- Eor gas consumption by the basic categories of consumers was executed on a
Ye5-1020 computer ('Table 2). 'The indicators of the seasonnl irreguluriCy
for Qas con~umption are necessary for correct solution to the problem nf
r.ho~sfn~ the most economical methods of regulating the irregularity or
ttieir optimum combination, particularly in studies Co determine rhe g~s
volumes for reserve systems.
Therc must be Eurther improvement in the sCructure of gas consumption,
based on the economic ~fficiency of using natural gns, a detailed anulysis
oE ttie fuel r.onsumption regimes and a better substanCiaCed approach Co
working out me~~sures for conversion of industrial enterprises Co reserve
fuet.
BIBLIOGRAPFIY
1. I1' ina, Ye. N. , and Utkina, L. D. ,"~'~conomicheskaya effektivnost'
isp~i'zovaniya prirodnogo gaza v kachestve topliva v rnzlichnykh
protGessakh" (Economic Efficiency of Using Natural Gas as ~uel in
Various Processesj, Moscow, WilI~gazprom, 1975, 36 pages (scientific-
technical survey).
2L~
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.
,
2, [3~~rkhud~ry~n, I~ ~nd dg~~ne~y~n, L~ A~~ "Opr~d~l~niy~ ~crnnnykh
knl~btaniy g~~c~potrebl~niy~ mpeadflmi mae~m~ei~h~~kay gtnti~tiki"
~tteeermtnin~ S~a~nnnl ~1u~eu~eian~ in G~g ~dngumpCidn Uging M~thddg
nf Maehem~tiC~1 Se~ei~ti~~~, "~kdndmik~ g~xdvdy pramyghl~nnd~ti"
C~~dndmieg n~ rh~ G~~ tndu~try]~ Md5Cdt4~ VNI~~g~zprdm, Na 3, 1972, ~
pp ~1-~~~
CnpY~IGN`T: Vg~gdyuznyy n~uchno-i~gledav~e~1'~kiy ingtitut ~k~nomi.ki,
organizat~fi, proixvocf~tva i tekhn3lco-~kanami~h~~k~y
infdrm~t~ii v ga~dvoy prdmy~hl~nnd~ti (VNII~gazprom)i 1979
[$144/171d-1~1S1J
~
25
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1~'Olt d~'~ICtAL USL dNLY
F'U~L~ ANU ~LA`~~n ~~IUI~IT
UUC 55~.9g1.2:550.~
SUri~tAkY ttIs5ULT5 (1~ G~dLOGICAL C}Ct'LdItATION WbItK ~~Ii GAS IN TH~ USSR IN 1978
Moyr.ow GI'sc1LOGLYA, BUIt~;NLY~ I ItA~~ABO'TKA GI1zOVYtCH M~S'~OItOZNn~NIY in ~t~~gi~n
No 6, 1979 pp 16-27
(Articlc by N. p. Gri~hin, MinigCry of th~ Gas Industry, Ye. V. Kudryaghov,
VNItLg~zprom, I. A. i3linniknv, U55R M3ni~try of Gealdgy, ~nd A. S. ~okin,
rtintatry o~ the I~etroleum Induqeryj
r'CextJ tn 1978--the third year af tne lOth ~'ive-Yegr t~l~n--inCenaifiC~Cion
aE ~;caldkiC~~l progpeceing wnrk fnr g~s in the USSit wgg specified in the
nc~rth ~f 'Tyum~nskayn Obingt, in Ensrern Siberi~, the Ynkut AS5R,
Arkh~m gel'~k~ye Obinst, rhe Knmi ASSit, Centrgl Asin ~nd th~ Kazakh SS~t
(the border znnes nf th~ C~spinn bgsin).
In addition, new g~g depngiCg were soughC and prospected in nld g~s-
extr~ctive regions: in thc Ukraine, the Northern Caucasus nnd the Urgl-
Vol~a region.
Ay thc r~sule of the geological prnspecting work, th~ plan for increa~e in
n~~turnl g~s nn the whdl~ for the cnuntry was fulfilled by 11.4 perc~nt.
Tt~e main incre~s~ (81.8~G) was obtained in the regions nf the ttorth of
Tyumenskaya Oblast. 'I'he gas t'eserves have increased in the K~mi ASSR,
Centrr~l Asia and the Ukrainian SSR.
In 1978, 15 new natural gas deposits wer.e discovered, including 15 in Che
~uropean part of ttie USSR and 20 in Che Asian parr.. Of the deposits dis-
rovered. 15 are gas, 14--g~s condensate, 4--oil and gas, and 2--oil and
condensate (T~ble 1).
Two deposits were discovered in the Komi AS5R--the Prilukskoye (gas) and
the Yugidskoye (oil and gas); in the Ural-Volga region--four deposits--the
- 5ovkhoznoye and 5oldatsko-Stepnovskoye (gas), Mechetkinskoye (gas conden~ate)
and R~dnikovskoye (oil and gas); in Krasnod~rskiy Kray two g~s condensate
deposits were discovered: the Yuzhno-5erdyukovskoye and Novo-Lettinodarskoye;
in Western 5iberia--six: the Antipayutinskoye, Gydanskoye, Ust'-Tasel'skoye,
Yuzhcz~-Samburgskoye, vostochno-Urengoyskoye (gas condensate) gnd Toplorskoye
(oil .~nd gas condensate). One gas condensate deposit--the Verkhne-Chonskoye
26
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~Ott d~F~CtAL U5~ t~NLY
~-w~y dt~raucr~d in Cn~t~rn 5ib~ri~ and en~ nil ~nd d~hn~if: ~K~1~m~~~dyn)
in th~ A~~rli~ydzh~n 55tt. Six n~w d~pd~it~ w~r~ di~eav~rad in the Ukr~ini~n
S5~-~th~ Shumgknye (ggg), Sem~ne~ev~kdye, Sveeilehr~ay~, Ka~t�v~y~kny~,
c)z~ry~ngkny~ ~dnd~ng~e~), Kuli~hikhin~kaye (oi.i ~nd g~~ Cdndeng~t~),
~nd in th~ K~~nkh 55~--Chre~ depa~ie~: 'Tgmgdy (gn~), K~~imbny (gng conden-
g~Ce) ~nd zhnn~zt~n1 (di1 ~nd gg~), The 1gr$egC numb~r nf d~p~~it~ wpre
di~Gnvered in Centr~l Apig: ewd in Uzb~kigt~n--th~ M~rkav~kay~ and z~p~dn~ye
Khndzhi ~g~~ r.nndenggee), ~nd ~i~ht i.n '~urkm~niy~--eh~ K~ymir (~~g cdndpn-
g~te), ~nd e}~~ r~~t w~r~ ~~g--thp Stikhtyndye, M~1~y~l~oye, Shdrkel'~kdye,
U~h~dzhing{cdye, S~yr~bgkay~, Vd~ta~hna-T~dzh~ngkdy~ nnd ~~g~rin~kdye.*
'T~b le 1 ,
itegidn Tnt~l bepositg
_
Ggg G~g cnn- t~il- Oi1-gag
d~n~nC~ ggg ~nnd~nsaCe ~
USS~ 35 15 14 4 2
In rluding: ,
~urope~n p~re 15 4 1 ~ 1
Asian pgrt 20 11 7 1 1
~ ~SF'5R 15 6 6 2 1
Komi ASSIt 2 1 - 1 -
Ural-Volg~ region 4 2 1 1 -
Kr~snod~rgkiy Kr~y 2 - 2 - -
Weste rn Siberi~ 6 3 2 - 1
~astern Siberig 1 - 1 - -
Azerbaydzhgn SSR 1 - - 1 -
Ukraini~n 55R 6 1 4 1 1
Kgzakh SStt (Mangyshlak) 3 1 1 1 -
Turkmen 5SIt 8 7 1 - -
Uzbek SSit 2 - 2 - - ~
The characteristics of the deposits according to the results of testing the
wells discovcred itrat are give-
In addition, at the deposits discovered earlier, individugl gas beds were
discovered that substantially increase the promising nature of their gas-
content. In the north of Tyumenskaya Oblas t at the Kruzenshternskoye
deposit two gas condensate and two gas beds were discovered, confined
respectively to the strata TP, TPlp~ PK11 and PK12 of the Lower Cretaceous
deposits, and At the $ovanenkovskoye deposit--a new gas condensate bed at
*
A new expl~ratory well 12 was sunk at the Gagarinskoy sCructure of the
Turkmengazprom in 1977, as the result of a review of the geoloRical data
obtained by the Ministry of the I'etroieum Industry when performinR research
work in the 1960's. 'I'his well revealed a produciive horizon X in the
carbonaceous mass of the Upper Jurassic period, and when tested, an
industrial gas flow was obtained.
27
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i~'~IZ ~t~'~i(~ f A1, U5l, tlNLY
y r r,~t um '1'1' ~ 1, tJll LCI1 ~~~~ny id~ rc1l) L~ ~11CYE`.~1~iC5 the g~a ~nd cdnde~~~~ke repe rv~
ut theWe ~I~~~~~~tta. It~ t}~c homi AS;~tt nt Che zgpndnd-SdplyctHpk~ye depdpit,
the weytern p~rt of tlie I'~ClldYd-K~zhvinskiy ~rch, g~~?g Cdnden~at~ brd w~~~
rcv~~.~ted r~t the Middle pevoni~n 1eve1~ 11n inflnw of g~y with Cond~en~~te
wa~ obt~~itted f.rom ~ r~nge df 40~G-4~6S meeer~~ 'The g~g yield w~g 450,On0 m~
tt d.7y.
~}~re~~ bed:~ ~aere fnund tti thc~ Y~7kt~t S5R ~t tlie riast~kh~knye ~nd Sr~dne-
`Ciny;ylchye d~pn~ tt~, �
ti~ Permylc;~ya ~blayt ~i gaq bed ~o~g reve~l~d in the Udbrikovykiy horizon ~t
thr ,1ltykovyk~ye depoqit (r~rtg~ 1~79017gZ meterg, yield ~lO,bOd m~/d~y,
d i,~tnetc r 19 nun ~~t the f ldw regul~tor) .
~ ga:~ bed wa~ diycovered ~t the Kal~mkaskoye deposit in th~ K~z~kh SSR.
- Itere, ~ipon ciiecking the Aptian deposit~ at well 10 ~ spdut of gay with a
yield of 40,000 m3/d~iy was dbC~ined ~t ~ flnw regul~tdr 26 mm in diameecr.
'i'hc horizon to which this bed wgg ~onfined is gti11 being tr~ced ~t u
numhc~r. c,f wclis ~t the depdsit.
It 5huuld alqo be noted thgt in the regiern of the ultr~7deep I3inkzhal'~knya
well~ on the UL'kenrob ~re~, when ~n explnr~tory well 2 w~s drilled, with
a depth of 5,140 meters, ~ spouC of oil with gns w~~s obt~ined (60-70 m3/
/day). from gub~~nlt c~rbon deposits. ~his f~ct ~g~in rdnfirms the promis-
tng naturc of thc oil- and g~s-bearing c~p~ciCy df Ch~ snuthe~stern rim of
the Caspian basin,
In Krasnodarskiy Kray at Che huznet~ovsknye gas depogit, ~C well 3 with a
ctepth of 4,631 meters, frdm the 9Ub5F11C m~ss of the Upper Jur~ssic period
(t3~ttykty ~ta~;e) e~ection df g~s with ~ yield of 8-10 million m3/day
or_rurred. (v~su~l.) At present the well is giving 350,400,000 m~/day and
20 tons oE cunden~ate.*
Ohtaining {ndustrial inflows of gas from the deposits of the Basal horizon
of thc Lower Cretaceous period (range 1,369-1,375 meters) at the Beysugskoye
dep~sic in krasnodarskiy Kray is important in principle. The gas yield
from these deposits at well 25 was 179,000 m3/day at a flow regulator 10 mm
in dtame[c r.
c~,7~ a~i rli ~i yield of 102,000 m3/day was obtained through a flow regulator
12 mm in diameter at th~ Russkiy Khutor depnsir (Northern C~~ucasus) at
well 96 from stratum VI of the Maykopskoye deposits (1,640-1,648 meters).
[n the Azerbaydzhan 55R at the deposits aC Knlamandyn, two gas beds were
revealed in the upper part of the productive strata (range 1,311-1,256
metcrs, yield 69,000 m3/day, using a flow regulator 7 mm in diameter, -
range 1,126-1.074 meters, yield SO,U00 m3/day, through a flow regulator
9 mm in diameter).
~
According to [l~e conclusion of a number of authors--whi[e oil.
28
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i
i ~OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
I
~ T~bin 2.
j Depa~iC Ldcgtion Pr~limi- R~~ul~~ of L~~t~.ng w~1].~
n~ry ~~Ci.-
; m~ee df
' depngiC~,
! bi11. m3
1 ~ ~ 4
1. I'rilukgkoye Komi ASSR 3-5 In well 1 from ~~ndgton~g of
g~~ ~onden- Ch~ Upp~r Uevon3.~n
~~C~ (P~ghi.n~kiy horizonl in g
~ rang~ of 2007-2108 m, g
! gushing inflow nf gae with
~ condens~Ce wiCh n yield of
~ 54,000 m3/day th rough a
1 nozzle 12 mm in dtemeCer
2, Yugidgkoy~ Kami A55it 3-5 In well 52, on t~sting Ch~
oi1, ggg deposits nf ehe Middle
~ bevonian Period in a r~nge
of 3090-3104 m, oil obtained
wiCh a yield of 192 m3/day~
through a nozzle 13 mm in
diameter
3. Sovkhoznoye Volgogradakaya � not In wel]. 1 from Triassic
gas Obl., Bugringko- eatimated deposits (range 2785-2788 m)
Shadzhinskaya :;one a g~s inflow was obtained
of salt domes of wiCh a yield of 17,000 m3/
Caspian basin /day through a nozzle 8 mm
in diameter and from a range
of 2772-2767 m--334,000 m3/
/day using a nozzle 11 mm in
diameter.
4. Soldatsko- Volgogradskaya 0.12 In well 1 from Artinskian
Stepnovskoye Obl., Rim zone of deposits (range 2647-2652 m)
gas Caspian basin a flow of gas was obtairied
with a yield of 289,000 m3/
/day through a nozzle 15 mm
in diameter
5. Rodni- ISaratovskaya not In well 43 from terrigenous
kovskoye ~Ohl., within eatimated Devonian deposits (strata
oil, gas Ilovlinsko- D2-y) in range of 3378-3380 m
Peskovatskiy oil spout obtained w. yield
swell �of 36 m3/day, gas--5,000,000
m3/day, nozzle 6 mm in diam.,
29
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~roK nc~rlCtAL USC dNt,Y
1 ~ 3 4
6, Pic~chet- S~rnedvgkxy~ nde In well 1 frdm Chc Upper
kingkdye Ob1., gduChern egCimae~d I~vottign dep~~itg (Kyndv~ko-
g.yy r.dn- rim of M~rknv~k~ya p~shiyskiy hnrizon) wit1~ ~
dcng~t~ d~presqinn d~pCh c~f ~602-Z65g m, fldw
o� gn~ witih~CdndengnCe
obenin~d. WcL1 being
~ tudied
7, tU~ti- Tyumengk~y~ Obl., 150 In w~11 1 in ehe Sennm~n
payuCinakoye Gyd~ttqkiy ai1- depn~its from ~ r~ng~ df
~.is gaq-be~ring r~~ion 1018-1025 m, ~ gny flow w~s
obtgined with e yield o~
240,000 m3/day Chrnugh u
nnzzle 18 mm in diameCer
3. Gydattskoye Tyumensk~y~ Obl., 120 In we11 1, when C~sting
g~~s Gyd~nskiy oil-, Upper Cret~reous depdsiCq
ges-bearing (monopchinskiy formarion)
region in a range of 1522-1520 m
a gas spout was nbtgined
wiCh a yield of 141,$00 m3/
/day through a nnzzle 9 mm
in diamerer
9. Yuzhno- 'Tyumenskaya Ob1. 300 In well 154 upon Cesting
5ambur~skoye stratum B4-14 (range 3208-
fias conden- 3218 m), a gas spout wiCt~
sate condensnte was obtained with
a gas yield of 193,000 m3/
/day, Chrough a nozzle 10 mm
in diameter
10. Vo~tocl~no- Tyumenskaya Obl. 150 In well 301 upon testing
lirengoyskoye stratum BU16 in a range of
~as conden- 3218-3226 m, a spout of gas
sate with condensaCe was obtained
with a yield of 300,000 m3/
/day through a nozzle 10 mm
in diameter
11. Toplopskoye Tyumenskaya Obl. 18 In well 8 upon testing the
oil-gas- stratum in a range of 2024-
~ondensate 2041 m, a spout of gas was
obtained with a yield of
800,000 m3/day through a
nozzle 18 mm in diameter from
strata 102 and 103
30
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FOR O~FICIAL US~ ONLY
1 2 3 4
12. U~e'-m~qel- '1'yum~n~k~y~ Ohl. 65 In we11 2 upan Cegtin~
pka,yc ~~g ~tratum 10~ (range 2738-
2743 m) n g~s flow w~~a
obtained wirh a yield of
260,000 m3/day th rough n
pipe 37 mm in diameter
13. Verkhne- On border o� 50 in w~ii i22 upon teseing
f,'hnngkoye Irkut~kayg Obl. rhe depngiCs of the lowpr-
g~s con- Yakut SSR Mot~kiy m~mber (range 1572-
deng~te 1576 m) ~ gpo~e of gae wgs
obtained with a yield of
300,000 m3/day, through a
nozzle 31 mm in diameter
14. Kalamgdyn Azerbaydzhan SSR, noe In well 3 from ehe ~pper
NorrhwesCern parr egtimated part of th~ productive
of Nizhne- gCrata (range 1481-1398 m)
Kurinsk~ya basin a gas flow was obtained with
a yield of about 70,000 m3/
/day, through a nozzle 1 mm
in diameter, and from a
range of 1367-1362 and 1254-
1330 m oil and gas were ~
obtained with a yield of
12 m3/day using a nozzle
5 mm in diameter
15. SemenT Poltavskaya Obl., not
Csovskoye in region of estimatpd
gas con- Obazovskoye
densate deposit
16. Svetlich- Chernigovskaya " In well 1 upon testing the
noye gas Obl. hard coal deposits (horizon
condensate ~-26) a gas flow was
obtained with a yield of
32,000 m3/day using a nozzle
10 mm in diameter. From a
range of 3825-3877 m gas was
obtained with a yield of
590,000 m3/day and condensate
--230 m3/day through a nozzle
14 mm in diameCer.
31
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~�oii nr~'ICIAL U5C dNLY
- - - -
1 2 3 4
1.8. Shumykaye pnlCavyk~y~ Obl,, 5 In we11 1G ~e 7 rnng~ nf
nortliern rim p~re 45~0-4~n~ m, ~pon teseing
of Uneprdv~ko- Che Vi~e~n dCpogitg ~
noneesk bagin gae spnue was nbtained with
n yi~ld of 698,000 m~/d~y
through ~ i~nzzle 18 mm in
digmeeer
19, Ozery~n- Chernigovsknya 1.1 In we11 6 gt r~ng~g df 4366-
skaye ggg Obl., ~nining of 4~75 m, 43g0-4385 m upnn
Cnnd~ns~iCe aouthern rim and tegting Lower Vi~e~n depngieg
centr~l zones df ~ gns and rnnd~ttsgte flnw wgs
Dneprovsko-Donersk obeained with a yield o�
b~sin 22,000 m~/dny through ~ nnx-
zle 4 mm in diamet~r
20, Kostie- Poleavsk~ya Obl., 0.8 In well 107 upnn t~sring rh~
voynkoye centrnl pnrC nf Lnwer Visenn depoyitg (rnnge
gas con- iMeprovsko-UoneCSk 5572-5622 m, 5315-5475 m),
densate basin a gns flow was obt~ined wiCh
a yield of 73,000 m3/day and
10.9 m3/day of cnndensate
through a nozzle 6 mm in
diameter
21. 'Lhan~zhol Kazakh SSFt, not In well 4 upon testing the
oil-gas Ilktyubinskaya Obl., estimated Middle Carboniferot~s deposits `
condensate easte rn rim of (range 2800-2900 m) gas was
Caspian basin obtained with a yield nf
174,000 m3/day through a
nozzle 14 mm in diameter,
and condensate--4.9 m3/day
22. Kasimbay Kazakh S5R, 1 In well i at a range of 1715-
gas-con- Gur'yevskaya Obl, 1725 m upon testing Upper
densate southeastern rim Jurassic deposits, a spout
of Caspian basin of gas was obtained with a
yield of 282,000 m3/day
through a nozzle 14 mm in
~iameter, and of condensate
--4.9 m3/day
23. Tamdy Kazakh SSR, not In well 2 upon testing Lower
gas Mangyshlak penin., estimated Cretaceous deposits (range
within northern 1908-1912 m) gas flow was
slope of Karabo- obtained with a yield of
gazskiy arch 330,000 m3/day through a
nozzle 25 mm in diameter
32
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FOR O~FIC~AL US~ ONLY
1 2 3 4
~4, Uch~dzhi.n- Turkm~n SSR, 40-SO In w~11 3 upnn te~eing eh~
~kdyp M~ryy~k~y8 dbi. L~w~r Cr~C~ep~u~ K~r~bil~kiy
g~~ ~end~tun~~ (r~nge z513-2520 m)
g gg~ fldw wa~ obtnin~d with
~ yield of 1-1~1 millidn m~/
/d~y ehrough ~ na~x1~ 2~ mm
in diameC~r
2S. Vngtor.hnyy `~urkm~n SSR, 2 In we11 1 from L~w~r Cree~-
T~dzh~n Maryy~k~ye Obl. ~~dug K~r~bilgkiy ~~ndgton~~
~ag (r~ng~ 3~0~-3~14 m) g g~~
flow w~g obt~in~d with ~ -
yi~1d of 1.1 millinn m~/d~y
through ~ noxxl~ ~0 mm in
di~m~Cer
26. Stikhiynoye '~urkm~n ~Stt, 2 In w~11 1 upan t~gtin~ cgr-
gns Chardzhougk~y~ Obl. bon~te depn~itg nf the Upp~r
Jur~gsic (VIII horizon) from
a range nf 2865-2853 m n gg~
and wgt~r flow wn~ obt~in~d
_ with the gas yield through
n noxzle 20 mm in diemet~r
20,000 m3/day. Nnrizong IX
and X, and also the Lower
Creeaceoug I-V according Co
coring data are described
as water-bearing
27. Malayskoye Turkmen SSR, 15 In well 1 frnm th~ Callovian-
(gas) Chardzhouskaya Obl. Oxford deposits (range 3603-
-3625 m) a gas flow was
obtained with a yield of
about 600,000 m3/day through
a nozzle 18 rtnn in diameter
28. Shorkel', Turkmen SSR, 10 In well 1 f rom the y.arabil'-
gas Maryskaya Obl. skiy formaCion in a range of
3760-3722 m a gas flow w~s
obtained with a yield of
1,100-1,200,000 m3/day
tt~rough a nozzle 18 mm in
diameter
33
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~dE~ UI~F'ICtAI~ Ug~ dNLY
~L i ~ 3 4
~9, G~g~ringkdye '~urkmen 35It, 5n In w~11 12 from lim~gton~g
ggg ~h~rdzhdugk~yd Ob1. of hdri~dn X oE the Upper
,tut~~HiC perind in e rnngc~
nf 31~5-~14~ m~ g~g flnw
w~g dbt~ined with t~ yi~ld -
~f 1 million m~/d~y tl~rdu~h
~ nn~~le 24 tnm in dian~peer.
The g~g ronenin~ N~5-0.55%
vnl., COZ--d.~~~ vd1.
:30. 5cyrab `~urkm~n 55tt, 40-45 tn we11 2 upon tegting
ga~ rfaryysk~y~h Ob1. K~r~bil'gkiy sandgtoneq df
, Chc tower Cret~cedus phrind
(r~nge 2528-~53g m) a
fldw wgs dbt~ined wieh ~
yi~1d df 1.1 millinn m~/dny
t1~r~ugh ~ no~zle with ~
di~meter of 20 mm, ~nd Cdn-
dens~te content--tr~res
~1. Keymir '~urkmen 55it, 1.S In w~ll 1 from the lower
g~q Con- ~gr~n--ok~Yemskiy red d~pagies di the pliocene
densaee regibn in a rangc of 2961-2966 m,
29g1-2899 m, gn~ flows wcre
~bt~ined with n yield of
3d0-350,000 m3/day and of
oil with a yield of 80 m~/.
/duy through u ndz~le 10 mm
in di~meter
32. M,~rkov- Uzbek 55R, 10 In well 1 of Upper Jurassic
skoye gas Kashkadar'inskaya limestones (range 2716-
condens~~Ce Obl. 2723 m) a gas spout was
obtained with a yield of
750,000 m3/day th rough a
nozzle 20 mm in diameter.
The gas contains NZ5--3.5~
and C02-2.4~, and of con-
densate--13.5%.
33. 'Lapadnoye Uzbek S5R, 5 In well 1 upnn teating the
Kt~ozhi, Bukharskaya Obl. Upper Jurassic carbonaceous
gas con- deposits (range 2192-2200 m)
densate a gas spout was obtained with
a yield of 122,000 m3/day
through a nozzle 8 mm in
diameter. 'Che gas contains
H2S, C02 and condensate.
34
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~0~ O~~ICIAL US~ ONLY
,
1 ~ ~
34. Yu~hnd- Kr~~nodgr~kiy not In we11 1 upnn eeHting
5prdyukovgkc~y~ Kr~y ~~eim~t~d depo~it~ n~ ehe Albign
g~~ ~and~n~ge~ ~egge in ~ r~ng~ of 2705-
~720 m ~ g~~ ~low wn~
obt~ined wiCh g yi~ld nf
14,900 m3/d~y uging g ttnz-
zl~ 6. ~ mm in di~meeer.
The ggg cont~ins ~ gmall `
~ amount df cond~ng~ee.
35. Navn-~~~ Kr~~nod~rskiy noC In we11 2 upon C~gting Che
L~ninndargkoy~ Krgy ~gCimgt~d b~g~l hnriznn of the Lnwer
Cretg~~ous perind (r~ng~
2530-2504 m) n g~s flow w~s
nbtain~d c~ith g yi~ld of
153,000 m3/d~y using a noz-
xle 8 mm in digmeeer. '~he
~n,~denggte yie.ld w~~ 6.8 m3/
/day.
A congider~ble number of gas beds werp reveal~d at depnsiCg in the Ukrgine.
A new g~s b~d in Che Tournaigian d~posits (well 17) was diacovered in
Pole~v~k~yg Oblaet at th~ AnaeCas' yevskoye deposit. ~rom a range of 4800-
4815 m the ga~ yield wag 158,000 m3/dgy, and thp cond~nsate yield--343 m3/
/d~y Chrough a nozzle 16 mm in diam~ter. At the Churovsi:aye depoeiC, by
drilling well 25, the ga~-b~aring areg of the carboniferous deposits of C~:e
Lowpr Permian period was considerably expanded. Upon testing the well at
ranges of 3320-3340 m, 3154-3170 m and 3040-3060 m, a gas flow was obtained
with a yield of 100,000 m3/day uging a nozzle 10 mm in diam~t~r. At the
Kh~r'kovt~~v~koyp oil d~po~it (w~ll 10) a new gas bed was revealed at hori-
zon C-20 in a range of 4995-5020 m. The gas yield was 377 and condensate
yield 73 m3/day through a 10 mm nozzle. In Khar'kovskaya Oblast at the
Druzhelyubovskoye gas deposit in Middle Carbonaceous deposits (formation C2~)
a gag bed was discovere d(well 8) ic~ ranges of 1767-1776 m and 1744-1755 m
with yieldB of 57,700 and 200,000 m/day using a 10 mm nozzle. In the
wet~te rn regions of the Ukraine at tF.C Lukvin~koye oil deposit in the
Borislavsko-Pokutskaya aone of :he Ciscarpathian foredeep in well 1 a gas
bed was digcovered in the menili~~ deposita at ranges ~f 1030-1065 and 1070-
1125 m with yields of 150,000 m3/day each using a 13 mm nozzle. At the
Lelyakovskoye deposit (Chernigovakaya Oblast) a gas bed was discovered in
the Visea~ deposits. The gas yield from a range of 3636-3642 m was
117,000 m/day using a nozzle 5 mm in diameter.
, In the Uzbek SSR three gas beds were discovered. One--at the deposit at
2apadnyy Barsekel'mes--within the confines of the Ustyurt plateau--upon
testing at the parametric well 1 of the Middle Jurassic deposits; from a
35
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~
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t~o[~ nt~~rtC CAi. USL c~Ni,Y
r~~itE,~ 01� 17h~-2~15 m Cl~e g~y ~ind ~nndeny~~e~ Elow re~pecC:iv~ly w~ay 7G .i?~d
(i ni~/~~~ly uyici~ ~ 14 nun nozzle. 'I'he ~econd w~w aC the depoeit ne Shuret~n
in thc~ t3ukhuro-Khivingk~y~ oil- and g~~-bearing region, fi~ Che YC9UlC of
teytin~ Fit well 17 Che c~rbottif~rnue depnsity oE Che Upper Jur~yNic period
(reef ltnrizrnt XV). 'I'he guq here was ohC~ltted from u run~e ot 3514-352n m
(ytcld 2h7,(100 m~/d~y, uein~ ~ 2G mm nozzle) in the depres~ed m~hss of rlie
~rructure, loc~ecd 300 m below ehe ConC~cC dE eh~ g~s-wHeer c~f rhe m~in
bed.
At Cl~e depogit nt Umid there was confirmat3on of the asstimptfon of ~a hish
I~yp;~umetric posiCiott of the roof of the reef maes ~t the pl~ce where well 9
- co~iy sunk, which makes ir p09g~b1@ Cn assume un exCena~.on of rhe boundaries
- c~f the rcef m~ass itt its wcstern part ~nd ~7 increase in the induseria.l
impartance oE the depogiC.
/1t the n~~rylt deposit (~ergc~nskayn valley) ~C sCrarum V of the Puleogene
(ran~;e 3547-~557 m) well 1 obtained gas with a y3eld of 300,000 m3/day
using a nozr.le 10 mm in diameter.
C,7s Erom p:~leogeniC deposits (str~ra V, Vi, VII) wns obtnined at a number
o~ wcils at the NorChern Kar~kchikum deposit ~nt ranges of 3576 -~580 m,
36'l?-'3624 m~ind 3682-3684 m with yields from 10 to 80,000 m3/day, xnd
~ nf condenGate--from 23 to 95 m3/day.
In E:tt~tern 'l'urkmeniya ~outh of Ct~e tionmez deposit nt parametric well 25
~~pout of. gas with a yield of 711,000 m3/day was obt~ined using a nozxle
18 mm in di~7meter from GoCerivskiy sandstones (Karabil'skaya formation).
Rigt~t here on the northern slope of the Dauletabadskoye deposir para-
metric well 24 and exploratory well 21 were sunk, in the cross section of
which ttie Gaterivskiy sandstones are characterized according to field-
~eophysical data ~s gas-bearing, which considerably increases the promise
�or the presence of gas in this region.
A favorable coring of the Cretaceous cross section was also obtained at
exploratory well 1 at the Kulachskaya area in the Turkmen SSR.
_ in Western Turkmeniya Raa beds were discovered at the deposits at Barsa-
Gel'mes and Crdekli. At the Barsa-Gel'mes deposit gas was obtainad in the
middlc-red deposits from a range of 4969-4964 m wiCh a yield of 72,000 m3/
/day throu~h a nozzle 10 mm in diameter, and at Erdekli from an akchagyla
(range 2242-2248 m). The ga~ flow here was greater--149,000 m3/day using -
a simtlar nozzle.
tn .1978 calculations were made that substanriated the gas reserve at the
Astraktian gas condensate deposit. According to the condition on 1 April
1978 they are estimated at 802 billion m3 for category C1 and C2, incltiding
56.4 billion m3 for C1.
36
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~ox orr~cz~ us~ oNLY
The mosr importAne repulta of 1978 are as E~11owa:
1. bigcovery of Che Anrip~yuCinskoye and Gydangkoye gas depdp~.~~ on th~
Gyd~ngkiy peninsula. These nre ehe firsC deposiCs wiehin rhe limity nf ehe
Gyd~nskiy megaswell. A new direction in explorttCory-prospectin~ wo rk for
g~q Ln Tyumen9k~ya Obingt iq involved in their discovery.
2. Ohtaining r~ powerful flnw of gas in Che Middle Jurasaic deposiCS nt ehc
Kuznetsovsko~re deposiC opens great perspecrives new prospecting ob~ect)
for furthe~r~direceion of geological prospecting work in Kr~snodarskiy Krny.
3. Revealing new gas beda aC the Kurzenshternslcoye and Bob~nenkovskoy~
deposiCs, in addiCion to increasing rhe reserves, confirms the perspectives
for ehe presence of ~as at Che Goteriv-Aptian sedimenCary complex on the
territory of Yamal.
4. The discovery of gas dep~etr4 at Uchadzhi and Seyrttb, confined to tlie
large Uchadzhi-Kulachskiy arch wiCh ~ series of loc~1 elevations along tl~e
regional RepetCian fault gives every basis for counCing on the discovery,
in thie region of Western Turkmeniya, of new gas deposiCs in both the
Lower Cretaceous and the Jurassic deposits.
The discovery of the Gagarinskoye deposit within the limits of Che Easte rn
Uchadzhinskiy arch in the northern part of the Amu Darya syneclise is
important in principle.
Therefore, as th e result of the geological prospecting work in 19 78, true
prerequisites have been creaCed for a further increase in the raw material
base of the gas industry.
COP'YRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy ins tituC
ekonomiki, organizatsii proizvodstva i tekhniko-ekonomicheskoy
informatsii v gazovoy promyshlennosti (VNIIEIGAZPROM) 1979
[81~i4/1712-~2151]
37
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l~'Ott Ut~'i~ Y(',1 ~1L t1;;1: ONI,Y
~'UEIS AND ~LATED E~UIPMENT
troc 6 58 . 7. 03 i, 5
IJNUL~SALI: INbU5'I'itIA1, pItICC5 ~OR HGATING OIL
~
Moscow KHIMIYA I TEICHNaLO(}IXA TOPLIV I D~IAS~L in Russ3an No 7~
Jul ~9 ~p 24-2~
~Article by H.N. Davydov and L.2. Artyukhova~ A11-Union Scien-
tific Research Institute of the Petroleum Industry]
[Text] A knowledge of the level and reletionship of Wholesale
prices for the most important typ~s of interchangeable energy-
producing fuel coa1, gas and oil is of great value in
helping us make rational use of fuel and energy resources. Un-
til recently, the gap between the prices for heating oil and
energy-producing coal ~ras being narrowed. F or instanca (using
figures converted to standard fuel), throughout the nation in
1951 the wholesale prices for oil were higher than those for
energy-producing coal by en average factor of 1.5. By 1954
this factor had decreased to 1.4' and by 1956 to ~..25. A~~er
the wholesale prices rrere reformed (in 1966-196~), the rela-
tionsriip of the prices at the points of consumption~ for the
country as a whole~ were (in percentages): coal 100~ gas
89, oil 102.
Although on the average oil is more expensive than coal under
tlie industry's pre~vailing wholesale prices, an analysis of the
level and relationship of the prices for energy-producing fuel
on a territorial basis (Table 1) shawed that in most regions of
th~ country (14 out of 19) the xholesale prices for oil are
lower than those for coal and range from 66.3 percent of the
latter in the Northwestern region to 90.2 percent in the
Donetsko-Pridneprovskiy region. Only in the eastern parts of
the country tKazakhstan, the Urals, 5iberia, the Far East) do
the prices for oil range from 6 percent (the Far Eastern re-
gioz) to 150.3 percent (Eastern Siberia) higher than coal
prices. It is obvious that the indicated relationships of the
prices for interchang8able types of fuel contributed to the
change in the structure of this coun~ry's fuel ba.lance and the
38
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1
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~Ott clt~ t~ LC I AL, lf~l. tiNt,Y
Teb~e 1. Effe~tive Wholeeale Pr3Qes for Various
Energy-Producing ~'u~1s
f~ O~ITORNC UCNY~ COUTNtlI11ClIN!
t7tittll~NX
' P~AtlN flOfppG11lqHM pya~�NOn~ sA T~ ueq,
i r 1
, \ 1/ ~ I- ~a~ _ N~ y P~~ Ms9y,~ /
t.~..,
\
Crprpo�3au~A A( 7~ 75~g4 18�g8 17 13 73,3 68,3
! l(e~itrsAbilNA~~ 71�43 17�78 17�13 g3,0 7g,g
i gc~tt~,=nqtCKH I~�99 16�gl 17~1~ ~4,1 ~S,y
Ur.Nt~~aApJ,~d�~ep o� 7d�91 16~g7 17�I~ 78,4 81,y
' ar~iudA 11~
t1~~~o.tMCk?~A 11 19�51 15�9y 17�I~ 81,8 87,g
; Ceacpo�hau a3c?c 1~~~49 12�11 17�13 g2,1 ~7;J
~ ~'panhc~nA~1,3~ 15�64 1~�H8 17-1~ 8g,7 IC~,S
; 3ana~rnCnGtip~cxNA )10�90 9�24 18�22 84,6 1~7,7
t3c~h~win�C?iG?~pc ) 7�72 11�7G 19�32 152,3 250,3
,~a.jtiuru~?ctd4?~w~ 20�98 14�73 12�24 70,2 IOG,O
11~,~~cuti~ ~n ? 1E~enpoa� 19�00 14�05 17�13 73,9 y0,2
~~~~n ~i5~ ti8 )
lOra�3~i e i~ A 19�b3 Ib~97 17�13 H1,8 87,7
IO,~ui~il~~~ji~ 71�99 17�97 17�13 72,6 77,9
(1put~:i.1111~CKH ~ 21�97 18�82 17�13 85,7 78,0
~ 3a?;au~;~ac~uA 23~55 18~49 17�13 78,5 72,7
! C(`C111CtIh11UTCK ~ 40�76 9�GH 17�13 4G,6 A2,5
~~a;~~ri;iuc~?+ 13�77 12�fi0 17�13 95,0 128,1
; G~aa~,~c~~~an CC 22�23 17�65 17�13 79,4 77,1 .
i AI,~.~~,uu~1~1q CC 21�II I6�81 17�13 99,6 81,1
CCCP (u rpcAHeM 17�03 15�08 17�37 88,5 t02,0
� lknu Ha yron6 npan~ry a~ IOOy~.~~7~
Key:
' 1. Consumption region 14. Western 3lberia
2. Wholesale prices (rubles l5. Eastern Siberia ~
and kopecks per ton of 16. Far East
- standard fuel) 1~. Donetsko-Pridneprovskiq
3. Coal 18. Southwestern
4� Gas 19. Sou~hern
5. Fuel oil 20. Pre-Baltic
6. Relationship of rholesale 21. Trans-Caucasus
prices~ 22. Central Asia
Northwestern 23. Kazakhstan
8. Central 24. Belorussian SSR
9. Volgo-Yyatskiy 25. Moldavian SSR
10. Central Black Earth 26. USSR (average)
11. Povolzhskiy 2~. Pri.ces for coal taken as
12. North Caucasus 100 percent.
13. Urals
increase of the share of oil (fuel oil) and gas in it. From ~
1961 to 1975 alone~ the share of these progressive tqpes of fu-
el in the total amount eatracted increased from 39 to 66 per-
cent f.l].
A characteristic feature of this period was the extraction og
oil and gas in geographically favorable and inhabited regions.
39
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' I~c~it c11~1~ I~;1~11, U;;h c1~L1'
~n cnmbinatiidn wi~h l.ow ~r~ngpnrtation cnsts this mada oil
(fuel oil) and gas ~he most efficient and wi~ely us~d types of
~ fuel~ on r,he basis of wh~ah many progressive br~nches nf ~he
national economy were tl~rther developed. During the Ninth
Five-Year plan, sparsely ~.nhabited regions far from the basic
consumers in the e~?sterr~ p~rt of the country become the maim
oil production centers. This had a negat~.ve effect on ~he eco-
nomics of the oi1. extraction indus~ry, wY~ich required sign3fi-
c~nti add~.tiion~l. capital investments for the organization of oi1.
extr~ction and its transportation to the ~uropean ~,art of the
USS~. ~hese tirends continue ~o opera~e in the 10th ~'ive-Ye~.r
Plan and w~ii apparently remaln in effect in the future.
Thus oil is becoming an ever more expensive and difficultly
avAi~.able energy source~ so the problem of its more rational
utilization is now one of primary importance. It can be so~ved
only by a gradual r~orien~ation of the nation's fuel balance
to~rd the primary usage 1n power engineering of more r~adily
available energy sources (coa1~ natural gas and atomic ~nergy)
instead of fuel oil. At the present time the share of fuel oil
in the structure of petroleum products production is still sig-
nificant, which causes a reduction in the share of light petro-
leum products (motor fuels) and the raw materials for petro-
chemistry that are extremely necessary to the national economy,
5lgnificant amounts of 11ght petroleum products (primarily
fr~ctions of directly distilled diesel fuel and gas oil ob-
tained by catalytic cracking) are used in the production of
low-viscosity fuel oil (M-40)~ Which accounts for 55 percent of
comroercial fuel oil production (Table 2). ~
The policy of :ntensifying oil refining can be maintained only
by enlarging the selection of light petroleum products and the
share o� secondary production processes (catalytic cracking,
hydrocracking and so on). The raW material for these processes
is vacuum gas oil (350-420~C), rrhich is now a component of com-
mercial fuel oil. This is related to the reduction in the re-
sources of fuel oil that is anailable for the needs of station-
ary power engineering. The limitation on the use of fuel oil
for energy-producing purposes has also predetermined the neces-
sity of changing the wholesale price policy for interchange-
able types of fuel and a closer correlation of the prices for
coal and fuel oil with respect to both their common level and
the territorial prof ile.
_ The significant share and comparatively high cost of extracting
and transporting coal insure its dominant position in formulat-
ing prices for energy-producing fuels and predetermines the es-
tablishment of a new and higher price level for fuel oil~ the
basis of which is the existing prices for coal~ which have been
raised an average of 30 percent in order to provide the coal
1~0
FOk OFFICir~:, 1;5E OiJL~'
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~dEt Ul~i~l(~IAL ttyl; ~NLY
Table 2. production 5~ru~~ure and ~ffec~3ve Indus~riel
WhoJ.esal,e Prices for arades M-40 and M-ioo xeat~n~ o~,i
(A11-Union s~ate Standard 10585-~5)
a~~~�F,~~ u~~~~.
~t~AM tlrt,vl~~b/~~�rniu~ tll
~!A!)i MJrR~~c51KN~ (tltl ~ My Ii~~1lCylr
_ . _ \1 `Z ~ _ ~~yA � cnn . ~J
,~1,,. ,,~c~~~rnct~tii ~?d He 1U~8 25.bfi
C�~.ht�e 0,5�~6)
~u~i at~c.~~ A1 4 5~ 1,2 25,50
C~~p~~nrii~ll (~q~rW t~e lo� d2,g 23,86
Ai�e ~~$Xf~ ~
u Tu~i ~u~rar Ai�40~ ~ ~I,1 ~4,00
F3~~ri~n~~epiu~etiai1~(~ W aG~~ 22,~d
?~r Cx~.~~�r 3~5�,6)l %
b io~l ~u,~ne M�40(5~ 21,7 23,b0
tltoro~~8~-----~ 100~0 I~ 23,47