JPRS ID: 8528 TRANSLATIONS ON USSR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES SAFETY TECHNIQUES IN THE USE OF FLAMMABLE, EXPLOSIVE AND TOXIC MATERIALS

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060039-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 39
• Content Type: REPORTS

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~ ~ ~ ~
SAFTEY TECNNIQUES IN THE USE OF INFLAMMA6LE,

20 JUNE i9T9 EXPLOSIVE AND TOXIC MATERIALS CFOUO 2i179) 'i 0~F 2
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FOR OFF~CIAL USE ONI.Y
JI~I25 L/g528
20 Jun~ 1979
~
TRII~USI~TIO~JS f1N USSR SCIENCE AND TECHN~LOGY
BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(F~U~ 21/79)
SAFETY TECHNIGIUES IN THE ~!SE OF INFLAMMABLE,
,
~XPLOSIVE AND TOXIC MATERIALS
U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVI~E
' FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
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NOTC
JYE~5 public~eions c:onC~in informaCion primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, buC also frum newg ngenr.y
Cr~ngmissions ~nd bro~dc~sCs. Pi~terials from furcign-l~nguage
sources ~re eranslc~Ced; Chose from Cnglish-l~ngu~ge sourcee
~re Cranscribed or reprinred, wieh Che original phr~sing and
other Char~cCerisCics retained.
}teadlines, editorial reports, And maCerial enclosed in br~ckets
~re supplied by JPIt5. Processing indicators euch as [TexeJ
or [~xcerptJ i.n rhe first line of each iCem, or following Che
_ 1~sC line of a brief, indicate how the original informaCion w~ns
proces,:~d. Where no processing indicator is gi;en, the infor-
m~tion c~~s summarized dr extracted.
Unfamilfar names rendered phonetically or trttnslirerared are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
originnl but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unaetributed parenrheCical notes within t;~e body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The conter.ts of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the iT.S. Government.
_ COPYRIGkiT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCEU HEREIN EtEQUIRE THAT DISSEMI~IATION
OF T'k{IS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
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J~RS L/8528
20 June 1979
TRANS LATIONS ON USSR SCIENCE AND TECNNOLOGY
BIOMEDICAL AND B~HAVIORAL SCIENCES
(FOUO 21/79)
SAF~~Y TECHNIQUES IN THE USE OF INFLAMMABLE,
EXPLOSIVE AND TOXIC MATERIALS
Kiev TEICHI~iIKA BEZOPA5TNOSTI PRI PRIN~NENIS POZHAROOPASNYKH,
VZRYVOOPASNYKH I TOKSICHNYKFI MATERIALOV in Russian 1978 signed
- to press 11 Oct 77 pp 3-37, 78-108
[Introduction, 11 chapters, bibliography and table of contentis
from book by G.T. Maksimenko and V.M. Pokrovskiy, Budivel'nyk,
40,000 copies, 108 pages~
CONTENTS PAGE
InCroduction 1
General Information on the Organtzation of Work With the Use of
Inflamma},le, Explosive and Toxic Materials 3
Classification and Description of Inflammable, Explosive and -
Toxic 5ubstances and Materials 12
_ Loading-Unloading and Transport Operations 17 -
Warehousing and Storage of Materials 23
Electric and Gas Welding Work 40 -
Finishing Work 53
Work With P~adioactive Substances 65
- a - [III - USSR - 22 S&T FOU~
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~'OTt O~~ICIAL US~ ON[,Y
CON'CENT5 (Coneinued) p~lf3e
- C~lculntion of Explo:~ionprnof VentilaCion 71
Sndividual I'rotective ~quipment.........~ 81
First Aid to Vicrims 82
E�ficiency of Introdu~:'eion of Safe Working Conditions and
~conomic Consequences of In~uries 8G
I3ibliography 91
Original Table of ContenCs 93
,
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I~4lZ Ul~ l~ IC [r;l~ USf: l)NLY
, ,~Text/ Introduction
= Concern for the preservation of workers' heulth and high work fitness is an
- important state task of socialist society. Decrees on the len~rth of the
work day (11 November 1917) and on social insurance l~; ~anuury 1.~1~, werc
adopted at the very outset of Soviet rule. The st~.tute ori the ~oci~,list en-
terprise envisages measures reflecting workers' fundemental interests and
aimea ut constantly improving working conditions and eliminating the causes _
of in~uries and occupational diseases, which greatly contributes to an uc-
- celerated rise in workers' labor productivity and stands.rd of living.
The high rates of development of capital construction and continuous increase
in the volumes of use of highly effective, new polymeric building materi.als,
articles and sti~~.tctures require inereased attention to problems of labor pro-
, tection and safety techniques. Therefore, the work done in this direction
� becomes even more important and responsible. The expansion of the list of
anticorrosive, heat insulating, fini~hing and other materials at the expense
of effective, new substances possessing properties of inflarnmaUility ~nd tox- -
icity at the processing stage requires the development of new, as well as -
revision or additivn of existin~, rules of safety techniques and fire pr~-
vention during the execution of construction and ir.stallation work, including
work on loading, unloading, transporting and waxehousing materials and on the
use of ~pecial measures and devices for workers' individual protection.
_ The present norms of and requirements for labor protection and fire ~afety
pertainin~ to the use of new inflarnmable, explosive and toxic materials in
construction ma1:e it possible to ensure further improvement in the efficiency
- of work done by services concerned with safety techniques in all the subdi-
_ visions of capital construction. Fire protection requirements and rules of
1
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[~0lt O1~~I.CIN. USIs UNI,Y
~~fety techniques help to improve labor organizatinn, to reduce in~urie3
and occup~,tional disea~seG to a minimum and to eliminr~te lo~~~s of phyaical
nsnet;~, which facilitates the fulfi].lment of the st~.te p].ati and con~ributes
- to ~.r~ increase 9.n labor productivity. Of ~reat importance are prob~ema cot~-
nected with reducing fa~~igue during work with harmful nnd infl~~able ~ub-
ni;ance3, which, ].ike the reduc~ion in in~uries and occupa�~ional diaease~,
cEtn he viewed from the standpoint of economic efficiency.
Thi:~ study Eenerali~es the basic rules of safety techniques und f3re pro-
tection requirements durin~ the execution of construction and inatallation
work wit}i ttie use of inflaaunc~ble, explosive and toxic materials.
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roii c~r~'ICIAL c?si; oN~,Y
Gener~,l Infarmation on the C)r~r,anir.~i;ton oC Work W:tth t;tic U.,c c~C 1:nt']rumnc~b7 r.,
Lxplo:iive ancl 'roxir. MEiterial.s
- Chief can ~truction en~;inccr~ implen?ent mcasures dei~l.i.iiEr, wi th sal'ety t~,cl~-
' niques c~t buildin~ sites nnd uuxil.iai�y facilitie:~ icl accardance wa.t~i th~:
exi:~ting Construction Nornts and Rules III-A, 11-7U "S~ziet;y Techniqtte~ in
Coristruc~;ion," as we11 us departmentr~l noz~mt~, rules, dire~tive~, .inrtruc-
tion~ and coristruci~ion norms ~nd rules for individu~.l 1,ypes of o~eratians.
Construction work fit existin~; chemical, met~llur~ri cul ana other ~pecir~lizec3
enterprises is done in t~ccordunce with the rules of safety techniques ap-
pravecl by the a~lministr~.tion of these enterprises und only r~�tcr ~~ermis3ion
is received from the enterprise administration.
When new polymer:, and other mr~terialc not included in exi~tici~; normutive
documen~~ are i.ntroduced, the requirements for sa�ety techniques set forth
in the technical specifications and instructions coordin~.ted with fiz�e und ~
s~snitury ~upervision bodies ~.t the place of l.ocation of construction fa-
cil.ity should be followed. ~
Upon receivin~r new type of polymeric mater~ial ~.nd before be~?innin~r working
with it, the adminisi;ration must organize with wo.rkers and en~,irieering nnd
technical personnel a study oF its properties (inflammability, explosiveness
and toxicity) and of ~:he safety measures during its use.
Imported mat;erials (glues, mastics and so forth) s}ioulci be ~zsed in rsccord-
unc~: with f'irm directives ~.nd instructions for safety technic~ues clurin~*, work ~
with tiiese materials, or according to the instruction for thei.r use coordi-
nflted with sanit~.ry supervision bodies t~nd ~pproved.
~
Organization of a Building Site e.nd Permission To Work
Construction and inst~zllation work with the use of toaic and explosive mate-
ri~.ls should be done on the basis of work plans, which should be developed
accordin~ to the "Tnstruc~ion for the Procedure of Pre~aration and Approval.
of F'lans for t,he Organization of Constr~iction ~iid Work Plans" SN 47-7~+�
The pl~zn fo: the or~,anization of construction and the work plan should con-
_ ttsin (para~rraph 1.6 of the Construction Norms ~nd Rules III-A. 11-70) the
f'ollowing +echnical so.lutions:
foi� the creation of conditions for a safe and harmles:~ performance of work
at a building site, facilities and work places under ordinexy and winter
conditions; -
for sanitary and hygienic services for people workin~ at a buildin~ site;
for an adequate illumination of ~ buildin~ site, passu~,es, thorou~;hfares
and work places.
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In c~ccordance with parr~~raph 1.7 of th~ Construction Norm~ ~ina Rule~ III-A.
11.-7~ a bui:Lding site must have domea�ic sanitatian ~'rdecontcu~?inatin~~r~ndr
tion~, co~,t closet~, lavatories, premi:3ee for dryin~,
removin~r dust Fram gpec3~.1 work c7.othing, premises fnr w~men's pergonal hy-
~iene, pre:~ises for warming ~~neself, regulated rest and proter,tion from so- ~
lar radiatinn and atmospYieric: precipitation, food centers, heal.th cen~ers
and so forth executed and eqtiipped in accordance with the~ requirements of
chapter II-M. 3-68 of the Cc~nstruction Norm~ e,nfl Rules ~~Atixili~,ry IIuildings
r~nd Premises oF Industrial ~nterpriaes. Plannin~ Ploi~nts.
Accordicig to the "Statute on the Rela~;ionships I3etwcen the OrFanizations of
Main Contr~ctors and SubcontrE~cting Oi~gani Lutions" approved by the U~SIt :~tate
Committee F~r Consti�uction Affairs and the USSIt 5ta~e Ptunciing Conunittee nn
3i July i97o, when work is performed simult~neously by m m~in ~nd subcon-
tracting (or several subcontracting) organiza~tions, the adoption of ineasures
of a general nature for safety techniques (installing enclosures, protective
visors and nets, enclosing openings and m~nhale3 in aperture:s, e.dditional
- il.lumination e,nd so forth) is the duty of the main contracting orga.nization.
Fvery facility must have :~~edi^~ne chests, a set of rizing ~plint.^, E~.r~d otli~r _
deVices for providing first aid to victims.
Workers perf'orming ,jobs with toxic and explosive materials are provided Nith
specia'1 work clothing and footwear and individual protective equipment of the
t~eces:,ary sizes in accordance with the nature of ~he work done and t,he "Sta~id-
ard Sec�torial Norms of Free Distribution of Special Work Clathitig unci Foot-
wear and S~feguard:; to Wor.kers and F~nployees Eng~.ged in Construction, Ccn-
struction-Insta.llation and Constructinn Kepair Work" (+~pproved by the decree
P1o 10~'~/P-27 dt~ted 30 February 1969 of the State Committee for Labor and
Wa~FS of the USSR Council of Ministers and the Presidium of t1~e A1.1-Union
Centrul Tracie Union Council).
The iiidividual protective equipment distributed to workers should he ctic~cked
and workers should be instructed in the procedure of its use. Work Mann~;ers
shculd not permit individuals wi~hout appropriate special work cloi;hin~ and ~
footwear and individual protective equipment to work. 'Th~ propei' stora~;e,
periodical repairs and washin~ of. special work clothing shou?d be c.r~;~z~;ized
at construction facilities. It is forbidden to take out special work clotli-
ing o~:tside construction f~,cilities.
Line engineering and technical personnel (Eoreman, work superii~tendent, sec-
tion mechan9.c and power engineer) and other engineering and techn~cal per-
- sonnel, according to the list approved by the chief engineer oi- wor~ mrin- -
ager of a construction e.nd ins~tallation organization, should annually undei�-
go a test of their knowledge of the rules of safety techniques, in particular,
safety measures during the use of inflommable, explosive and toxic muterials. _
If their knowledge of the rules of safety techni~ues is unsatisfuctory, they
must not be permitted to supervise work.
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- ~OR O~1~TCIAL USL; UNLY
Newly hl.red woz~ker3 ~.re permitted to work only aft,er rer.eivirif*, introciuc~;ory _
instructlor~;~ in ~i~i'e~y t;echnique~ ancl iriduz~t;ri.ci]. :~anitc~tion, un well an ici-
f~tr�iac:t~.onfs in ~al'ety tec}in:lc{ueh direct].,y i~i; r1 worlc pl~tcr-., which nhc~ulcl ~.l:;o
be ~iven during every truncl'er tc t~nol:hEr ~job, ~~r when woi�ki.ci~, conditions -
~re chan~reci. Worker~ of overall bri~;c~de~ should be iiist;ructed ~.nd traiiied
in safe method~ for a1:1 the types of ,jobs performed by th~m. -
Repeated instructions sliould be gxven to all workers no less ofter~ than once `
in 3 months. The instruct3ons given are r~corded in speciul 1.og.
Sn ~ddition to instruct3.ons, no 1.ater than 3 months after woi�l~ers are hired
- for construction work they must be tau~ht safe methods and technique~ of -
work accordin~ to the pragram approved by the chief engineer of a construc-
tion and installation organization. After ~he completion of trainin~;, ~ub- _
se quently the chief engineer of a construction organization must c~1so annu-
~lly ensure the checking of workers' knowledge of the indicated methods and
techniques of work, as well as a documentary foi~mulation of the checking and
iss ue of certificates to workers.
'Ph e oceupations of workers employed in construction and installr~tion work, _
on which additional (increttsed) requirements for safety techniques ~re
placed, are indicated in the bibliography. Individuals who underwent course
training accordin~ to standard programs, who passed examinations and W~10
have a certificate confirming their right to perform work, as well as those
who have the permission of a medical commission confirming their ri~ht to _
do work with toxic (harmful) substances, can be permitted to perform these
~obs, nefore receiving training and medical certification these individu~ls
ar e not permitted to do independent work.
In accordance with paragraphs 1.24 and 1.25 of the Construction Norms and
Rules III-A. 11-70 individuals engaged in work with harmful substances should -
periodically undergo a m~dical examination on the dates set by the order No
u00 dated 30 May 1969 of the USSR Ministry of Health depending ~n the tise of
th e following substances:
le~.d compound~, including durin~ the preparation of Paint~ir~� c~m~n;;itiosir., -
once i.n ~ inonths;
- sulftu�ic, hydrochloric and nitric acids and ttieir anh,ydrides, once in 12
_ months ;
coal tar, pitch and shale resins, once in 12 months; -
ch lorinated anci brominated hydrocarbons of the fatty series (perchlorovinyl
resins, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, methylene ctiloride, ethyl bro-
- mi de, methyl bromide an~ so forth), once in 6 months;
- styrene, polystyrene and divit~yl, once in 6 months;
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'~'OIZ U1~1~'XCIAi. U5L ONI.Y
t~:Lt~~nr~ and xylene un ;;olvetrta , oncn i n 1,? montl~:; .
= Iridividual:~ with in~uries to their 3ti~egumentc cirr t~o~ per~nitted to woi�lc
with toxic materials. When diseases cont~ected with the ei'fect of thc tndi-
cated substances on ~he boc~y are detected, workers hhould be tr~nsferrecl to `
another ~ob.
Wk-~en workin~ conditions t~re especially dan~erous or h~rmful (for ex~unple,
emer~rency work on premises, in whose air the content of toxic vapors exceeds
= the permissible amount), before carryin~ it out, workers must be ~3ven a
written permissive licence determir~ing sai'e workin~ conditions r~nd indicnting
the dun~erous zonea ?~,nd necessary measures dealing with s~fety techn3ques.
'rhe de~,ree of danger involved in work is estnbli~hed and the permtU~ive li-
eence is signed by thc chief engineer of a cotistruction or~;anizntlon. The `
permissive licence is i5sued for the period nece3sary for the performr~nce
of a given volume of work. In case of an interruption of' mor�e thr~n 24 hours
in t;he performance of work the permissive 1.i~ence is canceled and, when work
is resumed, a new licence is issued.
Soviet legislation forbids fndividual~ under the ~.~e of 18, pre~n~nt women
und nursin~, mothers to worit with explosive and toxic materials (solvents, _
synthetic ~;lues and mastics and so forth).
' To prevent fires, explosions and accidents during the operation of e.lectri~
equipmen~, it is necessary to obsE:rve the "Rules for Setting up Electric Iri-
stfillations" (PUF), as well as the "Rules for the Technical Operation ot'I~-
lectric Tn~tallations of Consumers" and the "Rules of Siifety `Cechnic~uc:, Dur-
iiig tYie Op~rc~tion of Electric Installati.ons of' Consumer,."
To ~revent fires, explosions and accidents during the operation of vessels -
and pipes oper~.ting under pressure, depending on working conditions it i:
necessttry Lo observe the "Rules for the Instal.lrstion and Safe Operatinn of
Vessels Operating Under Pressure," the "Rules for. the Installati~r a.nd Srzfe
Operation of Statione~ry Compressor Units, Air Ducts and Gas Lines," the
"F?ules for the Installation and Safe Operation of Pipelines for F'uel, Toxic
and Liquefied Gases" (PKhG-69) and the "Rules of Operation and 5r~fet,y Tech-
r.iques During Work on Autocl~ves."
General Safety hteasures
The buildin~s and rooms in which work with inflamm~,ble, explosive oi� toxic
substances ~snd naterials is done should be isolated from other premises cr~--45. Filtering beds -
are designed for protection
against gases with small concen-
trations (exceeding maximum per-
- missible concentrations several
_ times) during performance of
light work. The service iife of
filtering beds is several shifts.
Filtering beds of gas masks can
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be used for protection a~ainst -
gases, the maximum permissible
concentrat3ons of which are no
less than n.001 mg/1. They can
be used for protection against
mercury vapors
II}~--2 Protective propert3.es are the same About 6
as those of ti~e respirator ~A-46, -
from which it differs only in the
facepiece (helmet instead of a semi- -
mask). It is used when it is nec-
essexy to protect the eyes and skin
of a person a~ainst the irritating
effect of dust and gases
- P-2 ~It protects against dust and ~;ases
simultaneously. The protective
action is higher than that of the
respirator ~-46. The dustnroof
filters and filtering beds of gr~s
masks are removable. It can bf.
used during li~ht physical work
and work of average heaviness.
- , Filters completely hold back all
types of coarse and fine dust
(with a di.ameter of up to 1 U)
- Table 13. Prescript_~on of Preventive Pastes
Name of Substances Against Which Protection Recommended P~,stes
Is Needed ~ (Oini,?ner~r.~ )
a) Pigments and Organic Dyes
_ Oil enaznels ~,nd varnishes -
Varnishes with the use of organic solvents XI~IIOT-6, N3P-1, SITIOT, IIM-1
- Artificial resins
Creosote
Coal tar pitch Antipitch
Bitumen XFiOT-6, I~HWIINC-1
Coal tar resins IT~-Mi~DII'~IC-3,
Polychlornaphthalene (halowax) N~II
- Water
~
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h~~t VCyC 1\i1~1L UJ~i ~~NIiY
l~; ;.;c,lv~~nt,;; (Aroni~~tlc ify~iroct~.rl~ori:;, L;;t~~r.; ru~ci ;,c, I~'c~rt,l?)
i;~~r.;:~,~~~,
'1'ui u~:~r,,
ry l cr~~.
;'01 vent-t~;~phi,hcs und ~d forth X410T~6, H~1'-l, SDIO'1', iIM-1
Acctor.e
3~;~t~~r~ : eth;l7., butyl , t3tnyl ~cetatc
ilfld t,ill'pCC1t1C1e
C ~ ~Z~:Lllls and Acid`a
Iln~~r,,fu1 solutioris of' ucids JBdOT-HI'f3, HJP-2, pl�~f'. Sel.isrki.y's
of alkt~lis ~iliconc ointrnent PJo 1, "5perrn
of snlt3 Whale Oint:nerit"
~ d) Fuels and Lubricunts
~it::~,el fuel
I.ul>rir,rit;ir;~; rr.nchine oils
h:err~sen~, }MOT-6, N3P-1, SUK)`I', III~1-].9
~usoiiri~~ "IIiological gloves",
4ih1t~-spirit "Nikolay" ointment
P�~tr�o;.~~ur: ether
c: ) Therr,^.oreactive F~esins and Hurdeners
~p~xy :~i:d ~;oly~ster resins; poly- "Invisible gloves"
~~~*.~~r rcy :in_;; polyethylenepoly-
;:._r;~�, t:~~x:unethylenedi~ine and so on.
- ::~~lc� Compositions of Pre~-ent:ve Paste~
- Content,
1~f~;r.~� cf :'a,'_f_s Composi~ions of' Pastes %
XF1rJI'-':, :'oi�raei� ;hi~.r''r.ov ~cientific Edible ~elatin or photo- ~
r~: h Ir.~ t~tute of Labor Pro- ~elatin 2,1~
'-^c'; c:' t:.e All-Union Central Wheat or potato stareh 5.6
_ 'i ~�u~i~ o-; r;ounci 1 tdedical glycerin 72
Burov's solution 2p
r1~~P-: , ~ci~~ntific Research Srin- Strictly neutral sodium
i tl~r;,- i n~,� i�u`~~� i~er.i F;risman so~p ( countin~ 100~-con-
tent of fatty acids) 12
iechnic~l glycerin 10
'~'hite clay ( I;aoli n ) 40
- Water 38
:JXl'I', 'f3r~,~;i.-~�r1' I,zbcratory of Grained soap 39,(
:,~s,�~:~ I'rotec`.~~n o: the I':il-Union Distilled water 39,6 -
Cer.trr_; `~'r-hu~~ Jnir,n Coancil Castoil Oil 19,6 -
Talc 1,2
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i~'OK UN'~ICIAL U5~ ONI~Y
I1M-1, Moscnw Scientific He~earCh ~tarch (pntato f'lour) ~u~~
:In:~tit;ute of L~.bor F'rotection of' W~ter ~+~.6
the A L l-tlni on Centr~l Trr~de Union malc 8.1
Cotinc~tl Whitc clcxy 1~.1
c?E 1?~t in < <
Glycerin 1~~~
Liqui-.f petrolr~tum 7 � 5
S~licylic acid b�~
~thyl ~lcoh~l Z�7 -
Ac~tiE~itch pa~ste, former Khar'kov ~dible gelatin or
Scientific Re~earch Tnstitute of photo~elatin 2.3
Lt~bor Protection of the All-Union Wheat or potato starch 4�2
~entral Trade Union Cnuncil Burov'~ solutiot~ 11
White clay 18
Medical ~lycerin 40
Zinc oxide 2�~
F'ine ocher b.3
Congo red paint 0.~1
Distill.ed water 22 _
I.~EMIIIHC-1, Centr~l Scientific Re- Finely ground c~ctivuted 1 weight
seai�ch Lab~ratory of Water Trans- coal or grnphite part ~
port ~ weight
Glycerin 15 ts
I~E~tTIINC-1 C ol ophony
- Salol 10
- Ethyl alcohol 75
TII~!(7r-(-tPB, Leningrad 5cientific Re- Beeswcix 7~
search Institute of Labor Protec- Sunflower oil 26
tion of the All-Union Central Trade
iJnion Council
YqP-~., Scientific Research Sanitary Paraffin 2~
Institute imeni Erisman Ceresin wax 15.
Liquid petrolatum 65
- "Invisible ~,loves" Methyl cellulose
Glycerin 11.7 _
White clay 7�8
Talc 7�~
Water '~~�7
Silicone paste (cont~.ining poly- Silicone oil (dimethyl-
siloxans--polymeric silicones) polysiloxan) 30
Ester (polyethylene ~lycol) 7
Fatty alcorol 15
Lanolin ~�5
3~ solution of carboaymet'~yl
cellulose ~7�5
"IIiologicnl ~loves" Dry casein 12
(puste) 25~-ammonia solution 0.1
Glycerin 11.9
Ethyl alcohol 28
Distilled water 38
80
FOR OFFICIAL liSE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060039-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
~Oit 0~'I~'ICtAt~ USL�' c)NLY
Prc~f'. 3c.~lis~3kiy'~ ointment No .l T~iquid r~ru1'i'in 8~
( zinc :,teai�utF~) ~tearine 1~
7~inc axidc; 3
"5pertu Whu.le Ointtnertt~~ Pluturu], sperm whnle oi1 ~1
Liqtxici petro].utum ~i0
atearin~ 14 -
Zinc oxi~ie 4
Odnr~.nt 1
"Nikal~.y" nintment (in~ter~d of 'jOq household soal~ 20
the "13jolo~ic~1 ~loves" p~s~e) Technical lanolin 20
Kuolin 20
Water 40
. ITI~{ M}Jl C].ycerin 12
fi~u:~ehold ~oap ly
Kaolin 35
Water 38
Remark. Medical personnel prescribe preventive pnstes after u medical
e~:~uination and clarification of the state of the integument.
Individut~l Protective F:quipment
During woz�k with toxic materials and substances individual protective eqtiip-
ment i~ used for the protection of the respirutory orp,ans, vision r3.n~i int,e-
~riunent:; of workers .
Protection of respiratozy organs. Two types of gas masks, ttiat is, insulat-
- in~l F~n~i filterin~ (table 10) with gas mask canisters speci+~lized in their
.�uriction (table 11) and respirators (table 12), are izsed for the protectiori
of' re~pir~,tory organs .
Yrot:ction of inte~wnents. The following are among the reliable means of
protectinF, tt~~ inte~ument: special work clothing, gloves, foot~tear and
he~.dgear. '
Preventive pastES, whose prescription is given in table 13 and compositions,
_ in table 14, are used for the protection of open skin sections.
_ Eye prutection. ProLective go~glPS and masks (twble 15) are used for the
pro~;ection of eyes ~g~inst a chemical effect, when sprays or drops of acids -
and alY~lis enter them, as aell as against various vapors and gases of .,r- 1
- ~~.nic substances. To prevent the misting of thef;lass of gog~les, it is rec-
ommended that tney be lubricat;ed with ts solution consisting of gelatin, sug-
ar and w~.ter at a ratio of 2:20:j0 percent by weight.
- 81
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
[
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
~OR O~FICIAL U5~ ONLY
muble 15. Ciog~len and Ma~ks fdr the Yrntection of' ~,veo A~ainst MeChr~nici,l
Tn~tirte~ and Harmful Suha~ances Work ~
Cx~ HeHMeNOUeua N MrpRe avROr N MeeoK I~ 2~ 3~w~+ri~be ceoArreo _
04KH 9~It1NttlNC ~BKpWT61C, nonyMacKa c~,,~t� 3aut~ita or Gp~ar, xuM?+~~ecKu
3~ NOC110AHWM~1 CN11NK0TItdMH CiCKA8~lt1 033~10 ucnrpeccunuwx iKH1(KOCteil, ncr� ~
pa, n~rnu, MeJIitNX 4ACTNU Tnep�
nwx ren (1~ ~
To ~ce t~ nonyuacKa c otttiocnoiitiwME~ nn To ~cc (6~
KdTN~IMH C1eKJ18M11 RMouoGnoK~ 033� 10 ~ 5~ . ' '
~0 NfC N flOJIyM~CKll CO Ct1110111I1LIM OCTEK~7C� ~ '
~ttiieM N~ nnact~~acctr ~hinuo6.~oxa 033�10~7~
TO ]KC 01fyM8CK~ C 60KODWMFI I1111tK:1A1{I A
033�7 ~8~ ~
7o sice ~t 110AYM8CKH 6ea 6oKOdax (1jNTKOD ~ '
033�~ -
M8CK8 3 WNiNBN c rt oapa~au~tti~ 3KP~110~f i� '
(TY 64�!�456�70) (~0~
_ Key:
1. Name and brand of goggles 6. The same
and masks 7. The same and a se.~:imask
2. Protective properties with solid glaztng from
3. Closed protective goggles and the plastic "Monoblok" Oj;;-10
a semimask with one-layer sili- 8. The siunc and semimack with
cate glass 033-10 side panels 033-7
- ~t. Pt�otection a~ainst sprays, chem- 9� The seme and a semimask with-
ically nonaggressive liquids, out side panels 033-4 =
- wind, dust and small particles 10. Protective mask with a trans-
of solid bodies parent screen (TU 64-1-456-70)
5. The same and a semimask with
one-layer ~iJ.icate glass
r "Monoblok" 033-10
First Aid to Victi~s
The efficiency of first aid tc victims during fires, explosions and poison-
ings with toxic substances and materials depends on an urgent implerientation
of ineasures including the fol.lowing: -
carrying out the victim from the dangerous zone;
main+~.ining the basic vital functions of the body (during poisoning, an
immediate removal of the poison from the boc~y; during suffocation, resto- i~~
ration oF effective breathing; during a cardiac arrest, restoration of cur- -
diac activity);
82
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
~ _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060039-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
~
~ F'Ak UF'I~'YCIAi~ US~ ONLY
:;~ammc~r~i n1~ i~ ~~h,y~~i.ci _~.n to tti~Lnir~ister cin-rr~r,rt?c,y fli.il,
I~ii�~t, f~id durinE; ~~oj.:,c~nintJ. I'oisoning OCCUI~r us t~ re.~ult oi' tlie petiet2�r.~-
t:iu~~ ot' toxic :~ul~;;tunces ~nd materi~ls into the bc~dy aurin~r inh~l~,tion t~t~d
:~wf~]_lowinp; ot~ t~irou~h inte~rwncnts.
In cc~:~~:~ of' poisonin~; t}irough the re~pir~ztory tr~.cts it i~ nece�~ry:
~
to movc out or c~sri�y out thc victim f.rom the contcuninuted attnosphere (~d-
min:i.stpring fii�st aid at the place of accide~it worsen3 {:he cond3tion of the
victi?n fxnd c~.n lead to in,jurie~ to the individuals administerin~ fir~t aid);
to rernovc~ the contaminated clothing;
Lo en,;~xi~e ttie inh~,lation of fresh ~,ir ~nd rest;
if the victim cou~rh~, to give him warm milk with sod~..
ZF toxic substances penetrate the skin or mucous membranes, it is necesst~ry:
to il~uoediately remove toxic substances with a pad of' absorbent cotton or -
band~.~e;
_ to wash the affected surfaces with clean water and soap;
to a~~ly special detoxicating solutions from the first-aid kit:
- in case of penetration of mineral and stron~ organic scids, a 2- to 5-
_ percent solution of sodium bicarbonate (1 or 2 teaspoons of drinking soda
per ~;l~.ss of water ) ;
b) in case of penetration of alkalis, a 2-percent solution of citric acid
(1. teaspoon of citric acid per glass of water);
c) in case of p~:r~etration of sodium nitrate, a 1:1000 potassium permanga-
nate solution;
- d) in case of penei;ration of phenol formaldehyde resin into the skin, it
should be rubbed with a 40-percent solution of ethyl alcohol and a bandage
with a streptocide or synthomycin emulsion should be appli~d. When the
FRP-1 composition enters the eyes, th~y should be washed with water or a 5-
percent solution of drinking soda.
If' toxic ~ubstances, *ahicti do not corrode tissues, enter through the mouth,
it is necessary:
to urgentl;~ remove them from the stomach with the aid of the vomitin~ reflex
by mechanicall,y irritating tne back wall of the pharynx ~r the root of the
�ongue with :ingers and to repeat the vom.iting several times;
83
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060039-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
~OIt O1~rICIAL USr ONLY
IC breilt-hin~; is diaturbed, ~,rtificial respira~iori 3tio~ild be f;iven.
Tf t,~~xi.c und t9.s:~ue corrnding ~ubsi;ancec enter throu~h the mouth, the vic-
tim's drul r_uvity ahould be rubbed with u~;t~uze pn.d or a hr~ndkerchief, On1y
iudividuals bel~n~in~ to medical. personnel. can induce vomiting ~,nd luva~rc '
thc s~omuch. Medical wnrkers ~hould perfnrm this procedure through a spe-
rial probe, which prevents the corrosion of respirt~tory tract~ ~nd of the
mucnus membrane of the esophagus.
Fir~t ~sid during burns and inflc~nmation of clothin~. Thermal. and chemical
burns are mos~ widespread, Cont~ct with incandescent or stron~ly he~ted ob-
,~ectL and the effect of burning m~,terials can be the cause of therm~l burns.
Chemic~.l burns result from the effect of chemical subste.nces, mainly a,cids
and caustic alkalis, on the skin. However, some organic compounds (cresol,
phenol and eo forth), alkali metals, white phosphorus, bromine, chlorine and
~ so forth caii also cause chemical burns.
Four degrees of burns are distinguished: the first, accompanied by ski.n red-
dening; second, by the formation of blisters; third, by skin necrosis (de~th) ~
and fourth, by the charring of and in~ury to deep tissues (tendans acid mus-
cles) and bones. .
If clothii,g is inflamed, it is necessary to extinguish the fire on the burned
person, throwing on him an asbestos or woolen bl.anket or, finally, a robe,
' coat and so forth, or pouring water over him. After extinguishin~; the fire,
it is necessary to immediatel,y begin administering first aid.
In cases of thermal burns of individual parts of ttie bociy the skin near the
- burn should be rubbed with alcohol, eau de Cologne or vodka and a dry ster-
ile barida~e should be applied to the burned surface. Lotions made of freshly
prepared 2-percent solutions of drinkin~ soda (sodium bicarbonate) or potas-
sium permanganate also k~elp. It is forbidden to lubricate the burned sur-
face with grease or some ointment. In limited first-degree burns u~auze pad
soaked in a 96-percent solution of ethyl alcohol ~hould be applied to tt:e red- _
dene~ skin.
In second, third and fourth degree burns the victim should be imr.;~diately
sent to a medical institution.
In burns caused by chemical subst~nces, especially acids and alkalis, th~
aff~cted skin section must be immediately washed within 10 to 15 min~zteG with
a large quantity of water and then a lotion should be applied to ttie burned
spot, that is, in burns caused by acid, of a 2-percent solution of drinking
sodu and in burns caust~i by alkali, of a we~slc l~- to 2-percent solution of
acetic acid. "
If the eyes are burned with sprays of caustic substances or solid particlrs,
as well as with aerosols or vapors, they must be in~nediately washed with an
abundant amount of water and then with a 3-percent solution of drinkirig soda.
Only the physician takes all other measures. ,
84
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL~'
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060039-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
- roli ort~~IClAI, U5L ONLv
I~e:~torzLti.on ot' breathin~;. To i�e:;i;ore b~cuthiiif;, r~n ur~iCici.al vent�tlatiott _
- oC thc :l.w~N:s ir~ peri'ormr.c~. ~t fir3t it; i.z3 rer..omn~enc~ec't t;h+tit:
the :;upply of Frc:sh a3.r f'nY� the victi.m be increased, that the co1].ar be un-
t'astened ~tid that 1;Y?e beli; and other p~trts of clothin~; ~hr~~ re~~rict; breuth-
ing be 1.oo~Lned;
- the v~ictim's m~uth be cleaned of mucus, sand, earth, blood clots ~rid so
forth with the itidex fin~,er, a i;wisted hanclkerchief or a piece of ~au~e;
removable dentures be removed.
Basic method'of mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose artifici~.l ventila~ion of
the lun~;~ . The vici~im's head is tilted Ur~ck as much c~s possible. Somethin~
tias~d is p].aced under his shoulder b7.ades. The victim's tnouth is opened, his
_ lower ,jaw is pulled downwards and, while the head is held with ~z hand in the
ti ed position, a deep inhalation is performed. A handkerchief or a piece
of gauze is applied to the victim's mouth. Air is blown into the victim's
mouth from one's lungs and, at the same time, his nose is pinched with the
- fingers oi' the hand holding the head, A deep inha].ation is again performed
- (at the sume time, the victim's chest collr~pses and exhalation occurs) and
then ag~in uir is blown into the victim's mouth. Air should be blown at a
i�ate correspondin~ to the respiration rate of a healthy individual. Air can _
t~.lso be blown into the victim's lungs through a tube, as well as through the
nos~, when the victim's ,jaws are clenched tightly.
Artificial. ventilation of ~he lungs by means of manual respirators. The
restoration of breathin~ by means of these apparatus is done as follows.
At first the pass~.bility of respiratory tracts is ensured by cleaning them
of fureign objects. An air duct is in~roduced into the mouth and the vic-
tim's nose acid mouth are tightly covered with a mask. Then, pressing the
respirator bag, inhalat'ion is performed. Exha,lation occurs through the ba~
valve. At the same time, exhalation should be twice as lon~ as inhe,lation.
O~h~;r methods o~ artificial respiration are less effective and are used only
in cases of wour;ds to the iace, which rule out the possibility of applying
_ the mouth-tc-moutti or r~zouth-to-nose method.
Y.~,llistov's method. The victim is placed on his abdomen with his hands out-
strectied in front af him. The vic~im's head is turnec'. to ~he side and a
blanket, cle~.n clothes ur sor~etning soft is plr~ced under his face. One long
or two tied toweis, a belt or a stretcher strap a.re placed r~n the victim's
shoulder bl~des ~,nd the ends are taken out in front from ur~der his shoulders.
The rescuer stFlnds in :ront o~ the victitn's head facing him anci, rending,
takes the end:~ of the towel or s:rap. Unben~ing, the rescuer rai~es the vic-
tim's chest 7 to 10 cm above the ground (floor). At the same time, inhala-
tion occurs. When the victim is lowered, exhalation occurs. Respiratory `
movements should be made 12 to 16 times per minute.
- 85
FOR OI'FICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
~OR OI~'FICIAL US~ ONLY
Sylves~;er' 3 inethod. The vic~;im lies nn h3s br~ek. The rescuf~r ~tands neur
hiU head, telces both han~ls by ttie i'orearms aric3. s~retclle~ them nver thc
Yiet~d--inlial.~~ion occiirs. Ttien t;he re~cuer pr~sses the hand~ t~en~ at t~~e t~l-
b~wa a.F~~zin~t the victim's chest r~nd, con~inuing to hol.d the~u by the fnre-
FtiMns, with his hands exertg pres~ure on the lower section of ~;he victim's
che~~~~exhalatinn occurs. Movement~ (inha].ation-exhalation) ure repeated -
c~t a rate nf 12 ~to 16 times per minute. This method is inapplicable if tt~e
vi~tim's hands or chest are izi~ured~
~ Restorn.tion of cardiac activity. Cardiac ac~ivity iv restored by means of
~ a closed m~~,s~,~e of the heart. For this the vi.ctim should be placed on hiy
back dn a hard surf~,ce (earth, floor or table), the place at which pi�esstu�e
should be exerted on ~he chest must be determined (two fingers above the
lower end of the breastbone) and the lower part of the pr~lm of one hand
slioulci be placed along the breastbone and the palm of the other hand ~.t a
straight angle, above, on it~ back surface. The hand fingers should be
brought together and raised (they should not touch the victim's chest) and
sharp rhythmical pressures should be exerted on the lower pr~rt of the breast-
bone with straight hands, not bending them at the elbows, aith the force nec-
essary for displacing the chest below by 3 to 4 cm.
~ After each pressure (60 pushes per r~inute) the hands should be released, with-
~ out removing them from the breastbone. After four or five pressures one in- -
~jection of air into the victim's lungs is made through the mouth or nose. -
The closed heart massage should not be stopped befc~e the arrival of an arn-
bul~.nce .
Efficiency of Introduction of Sr;,fe Working Conditions and Economic Conse-
quences of In~uries
During the i~troduction of ineasures �or laUor protection, industrial sani-
tation and safety tEChniques contributing to a reduction in diseases ~.nd
industrial injuries an evaluation of technic~,l and economic efficiency is
made on the basis of the atta~ne3 decre~se in labor losses, avera~e annual
- output per worY.er in a day a,nd saving o~ soc?.sl insurance funds. In this
case the savin~ ~s determined according to the following formul~:
. 3= rIP (X1- Xt) ; 6~ (X, - X,)~
~ahere IIp is t:~e average annual output per worker in a day, rubles;
- 7~i are the labor losses during the base year, that is, before the
introduction of a measure, days; -
X2 the same, in the year under review, that is, after the introduction
of a measure, days;
' 8~ is the cost of the average annual pay in connection with a doctor's
- medical certificate per day, rubles.
86
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
I~4R OI~I~ iCIAL US~ UNLY
,
When the ecociomic ~ffer.t is determined, the avera~*e ~.nnua]. ou~;pttt ner day
is cu].cul.r~ted with c~ue regard for the cost of labar of the per~onnel. not
connected directly with the production proces3, which, naturFil].y, i~ some-
wh~~t :lower th~n the average annual. output of one worker per ciny .
_ ~ Tht~ tllC~rea~e in labor produetivi~y as a result of' reduction in diser~ses
_ und initizstrinl in,~uries is determitied ~zecordin~ to the fol:lowin~ foimiulfa:
~,,N � 100
IC = .
, ~i~ of the base year
~ where~ is the size of the industrial and production personnel, pec+ple;
~ is the saving of the indust~rial and production personnel, people,
determined according to the following formula:
= t~b r H~ � -
- 100 yPb~
where H~ is the percent of absenteeism of the nominal work time fund during
the base year;
IIo is the percent of absenteeism of the nominal work time fund durin~
the year under review;
~ is the size of the industrial and production personnel calculated
for the actual volume of production of the year under review ac-
cording to the output of the base year;
Yp~
yp� ~ tooo , -
i_
= Where ~ is the ~rowth of ~;he volune of production (rate of growth), percent.
Fiowever, thes~ calcu].~.tions do not take into account all the econcmic conse-
quences of indtistrial. in~uries. According tr~ L. A. Ituz'minov's method, in
addi-tion ta the losses of output r~nd the payment in connection with disabil-
_ ity certificates, the cost of treatment, the cost of fiaed capital out of
order as a result of ~.n accident and so forth are the actual components of
expenditures and losses as a result of in,juries. Tn general form, expend-
- itures and losses consist of the expenditures and losses that the organiza-
ti:~ns a.nd ~nterprises themselves incur--IIl--and the expenditures and losses
that other state and puLlic or~;anizations incur--II2--and material damage is _
expr.ssed as t;he sum of expenditures and losses.
II=IIl+-II2 .
87
FOR OFFICIt1L USE ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060039-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
' I
- ~
FOIt UFI~'ICIAL U5C ONLY '
~
'Phe expc~ncl3tures~ und lor: e:~ oi' an orgnriizatiun or cnterpri ~c: are deterniin~d
r~ccording to the fol.lowin~ i'ormula:
n ~ � C ~ Z ~.9 C+/ A ~.IS 7 CB C;1 C~ p~
where C1 is the amount ot losses of the profit of an organization or enter- '
prises fram the moment of accident to the moment when the victim's
place is occupied by a new worker and production is renewed. It is
; determined uccording to the fol7.owin~ formula:
- C1=aPoT,
wkier~ a i:~ the coefficient taking into a~~count the correction for the prof-
it as a result of the differer.ce in the victim's skills and the I
skills of the average staff worker of an enterprise or organization;
, a _ K' '
where K1 is the rate coefficient for the victim's cate~ory;
K2 is the average rate coefficient in an enterprise or organization;
Po is the average profit from ~.re sales of output per man-day deter-
mined by the ratio of the annual profit from the sales of output
to the product of the number of workerG on the industrial staff
b,y the average number of nonappear~.nces at work in a year;
T is the number of man-days of idle time from the moment of accident
to the renewal_ of production at the victim's work place;
_ C2 is the amount of losses of an organization or enterprise as a re-
sult of the decline in the victim's labor productivity upon his
return from treatment if upon his returr~ he is assigned to easy,
less skilled, work. This amount is detercnined according to the
following formula:
C: =f- (aPo - a,Po) � T, -4- (M1 - M,) � T~, -
where a is determined according to the formula presented above; _
al is the ratio of the rate coefficient for the victim's cate~ory
after his return to work to the average wage coefficient in the _
_ organization;
(Ml-M2) is the difference in wages before the in~ury and after return to =
work;
~ Tl is the length of a victim'~ work according to the .'_ower cat~gory,
days;
- C3 are the expenditurPS and losses from the idle time of other workers
during the victim's rescue, as well as the expenditures on the
transportation to the medical institution determined according to
the following formula: -
88 _
FOR OFF'ICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064439-2
roK oi~,i~~I:CIA1~ us~: orr~,Y
C;~ = n~~ . r, _I . m~ _I - ,~.1,
where Po.TL is the loss of profit owing to the 3.d1e time of other workei�~,
wh~.ch ie determined by the product of ttie averaEe p.ro.fit per
man-day from ~he sales of output by the number of' man-days of'
idle time;
M~ is �the amount of wages paid durin~ the idle time;
A is the cost of transporting the victim (product of the co~t o~'
1 machine-hour oi' o, transport uriit by the number of hours of' its
= oper~,tion ) ;
C~} 9.s the cost o;' investigation of an accident determined ~ccording -
to the following formula:
C~=M4+H,
wher e M4 is the amount of wages of engineering and technical personnel and
of the specialists engaged in the investigat3on during the period
of investigation;
_ H is the amount presented to the enterprise by ,judicial investigat-
ing bodies for the investigation and conduct of the proceedings
of a given case;
C5 is the replacement or full value of the buildings and installa-
tions that suffered from the accident. It is determined according
to the estimates of repair and restoration work or according to
the do.ta of the bookkeeping department on the expenditure~ con-
nected with restoration.
C6 i~ the full or replacement value of the damaged equipment, tools, .
- f'ittin~;s and implements. It is determined dependin~ on the nature
of destruction according to the data of the bookkeeping department;
C7 is the full of partial value of the damaged materials, semifinished
products and articles determined accordi:~g to the defect certificate;
C8 are the expenditures on training the substituting worker. They rep_
resent the amount of wages paid to ~rainers during the period of
_ training according to the data of the bookkeeping dF:!~artment; -
~ C9 are the exnenditures on the implementation of additi~nal measures _
aimed at ~reventing similar accidents in the future:
Cl~ are the expenditures on giving one-time help to the victim or his
fa.mily (sanitary and health resort treatment, fune':a1 and so forth) -
from the organization fund.
The expenditures and losse~ of other state and public or~anizations a.re de-
- termined according to the follorrin~ formula:
I11 = Y i -f - .V s -f - Ya `I- Ya Y;, Yc Y~ Ys Ys, -
89
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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where Y~ is the cnst of ambulatory treatment (product of the number of vid- _
its by the average cost of one visit);
Y2 ie the cost of clinical treatment (product of the number of days
of clinical treatment'by the cost of one place in the cl3nic in
2~+ hours ) ;
Y3 the payment in connection w3th a doctor's medical certificate
with the excep~tion of the part that is sometimes paid by the cul--
prit in an accident; _
Y4 is the pension to the victim or to his family for the entire period -
from the moment of ret3rement on a pen~ion to the moment of retire-
_ ment on an old-age pen3ion for this occupation (or to the moment of
return to work);
- Y5 are the expenditure~ of a trade-union nrganization on giving r3,s-
sistance;
Y6 are the allowances to the victim's fa.mily for the funeral o: care
of the disabled person from social insurance funds;
Y7 is the allow~,nce of social insurance in the form of the dif.ference .
between the pension and avera,ge wages that the victim received
before the in~ury;
Y8 are the special allowances of social insurance in case of group -
accidents;
Y9 a.re state losses as a result of the fact that the victim, reti.ring _
on a pension (or in case of death), cannot give the state profit
and, in addition to this, does not improve his skills and, there-
fore, does not give an increase in profit. These losses are cal-
culated according to the following formula:
Y~ = a� P~ � T;, ~ K,
where a�Po is determined according to the formula presented above;
T3 is the time from the moment of retirement on a disability pen-
sion to the moment of retirement on an old-age pension f'or this
occupation. In case of a fatal autcome, the time from the mom-
ent of death to the moment of retirement on an old-age pension; r_
K is the coefficient taking into account the rise in skills deter-
mined according to the following formula: '
K~1+ K~-K, _
2 '
where K3 is the rate coefficient of the highest category in a given occu-
pation;
K2 is the wage coefficient for the victim's category before the in~ury. ;
The presented method makes it possible to calculate the expenditures and
losses for ar~y accident.
,4
90
FOR QFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
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roR ori~~]:CIAL USL ONI~Y
I3ibl.io~;ruphy
Buki~cyev, S. T., "~'ekhnika }3ezopasnosti v S~roi~el'stve" f Sra.fety Tech-
. riiches in Construction/, Ki~v, Budivel'nyk, 1)60.
2, "Vi�ednyye Veshchestva v Prom,yskilennosti" LHarmful Sub~tances in Indus- ~
~.rZ/, }Iundbook edited by N. V. Lazarev, Part l. "Orgc~niche~ltiye
- Veshchestva" %Or~~nic Su;~stances/. Part 2. "Neor~ariicheslciye i E1e-
mentoo~anicheskiye 5oyedinenly~,",~Inorganic and Or~ranoelemerital Com-
- pounds/, Moscow, ICliimiya, 1961. _
3. Dolin, P. A. "Spravochnik po Tekhnike Bezopasnosti" lHandbook of Safety
Techniques/, Mosc~w, Ener~iya, 1973.
4. Kluts, L. Ya., Furayev, M. S., and Yakshin, V. S., "Tekhnika Bezopas-
riosti v Stroitel'stve" LSafety Techniques in Construction/, Moscow,
Stroyizdat, 1971. -
5. "Osnovy Tekhniki Bezopasnosti i Proizvodstvennoy Sanitarii v Stroitel'-
stve" LPrinciples of Safety Techniques and Industrial Sanitation in -
Construction/, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1971.
6. "Pozharnaya Opasnost' Veshchestv i Materialov" LFire Dan~er oi' 5ubstances
and Materials/. Handbook edited by I. V. Ryabov. Part 1, Moscow, Stroy-
izdat, 1966. Part 2, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1970.
7. Rubin, A. A., "Pr~tivopozharnyye Meropriyatiya v Skladskom Khozyaystve"
LFire Preventio:~ Measures in Warehouse f'~,cilities/, Moscow, Stroyizdat,
- 1.969 .
8. "Sbornik Ofitsial'ny~kh Mat~rialov p~ Okhrane Truda v Stroitel'stve i
Promyshlennosti Stroitel'r~ykh Materialov" %Collection of Official Data
on Labor Protection in Construction and Construction Materials Industr~/.
Issue 1, i~oscow, Stroyizdat, 1972. Issue 2, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 197~+.
9� "Spravochnyy~ Dannyye o Pozharnoy Opasnosti Novykh Stroitel'nykh Mate-
- ria,lov" /Reference Da-~a on the Fire Danger of New Building Materials/, -
_ Moscow, S~troyizdat, 1971. -
- 1.0. Taublcin, S. I., Baratov, A. I., and Nikitina, N. S., "Spravochnik Po-
zharoopasnosti Tverd~kh Veshchestv i P4ate..rialov" /Handboo~ of Fire Dan-
_ ~er of Solid Substances and Materials/, Moscow, RSFSR Ministr,y of
Municipal Services, 1961.
11. "Tekhnika Bezopasnosti i Proizvodstvennaya Sanitariya v Stroitel'stve"
/~~afety Techniques and Industrial Sanitation in Construction/, Hand-
book, Moscow, ~troyizdat, 197~. .
y?. "
,
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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I
FOR OFFICIAL USC ONLY ,
12, Yudin, K. A., "Telchn3kr~ Bezopasnos~i pri Rabote s Kh~.micheskimi Ve-
shchestvami~~ LSafety mechnique3 Dux~ing Work With Chemict~l Substances/,
Moscow, Proi'izdat, 1958.
13. Yakshin, V. S., "Bezopasnos~' Truda~ri Primeneni3 Polin?err~ykh Mate-
rialov i 2zdeliy v Stroitel'stve",LLabor Safety With the Use of Poly- ~
meric Materials and Articles in Constructio~, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1g67.
14, "Spravochnik po Spetsial'nym Rabotam. Svarochr~yye Raboty v Stroitel'-
stve" LHandbook of Special Work. Welding Work in Construction/, Mos-
cow, Stroyizdat, 1971.
- 92 -
r
rOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I I
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~ ~ ~ ~
SAFTEY TECHN3 QUES IN THE USE OF INFLAMMABLE, v

28 JUNE i979 ExPL05IVE AND TOXIC MATE~tIALS CFOUO 2i 2 OF 2
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- F'inict?inf; Work 78
Planterit~~ Work 7~
p~inting Work 81 '
Wc~rk With Itadioactive Subgt~n~e~ f~6
Cc~lcul~.ti~n nf Explosionpro~i' Ventilstion q0
In~3tviduc~l Prote~tiv~ ~qutpment 99
I~'irst Aid to Victims 9y
Effici.rncy of Introduction af.S~fe Working Conditions and
~conocnic Consequence~ df In~urieg 102
5upplementa 106
Rib?.iography 106
COPYttIGEim: Izdatel'stvo '~Budivel'r~yk", ig78
11,439
cso: 1870
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94
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