JPRS ID: 8523 TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060034-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 34
• Content Type: REPORTS

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19 JUNE 1979
(FOUO 8l79)
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JPRS L/8523
19 June 1979
TRANSLAI'IONS QN TEI.ECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH ANn DEVELOPMENT
(FOUO 8/79)
~ U. S. JOIhlT PUBLICA'TIONS RESEARCH SERVISE
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ettclosed in parentheses. Words or namea preceded by a q+:es-
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JPRS L/8523
19 June 1979
TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(FoUO e/79) �
CONTENTS
WOFtLDWIDE AFFAIRS
Briefs
France-Indonesia Satellite Agreement
ASIA
JAPAN
Japan's Proposals for WARC-79 Announced
(DENPA SHIYBUN, 8 Mar 79)
Sharp Developa Japaneae Language Voice Synthesizer
(MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 12 May 79)
Fine Line Electron Beam Machine Developed
(MAINICIiI DAILY NEWS, 17 May 79)
Briefs
Cheav Facsimile Machine
Comp,iter Translator
Personal Computers
VLSI Wiring Technology
Fujitsu U.S. Tie-up
Office Automation
Projected Software Union
SUB-SAHARAN AFRIGA
GABON
Briefs
Telecommunications Development Loan
Telephone Network Modernization
- a -
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CONTENTS (ConCinued)
WESTERN EUROPE
INTERNATZONAL AFFAIRS
Intra-European Telecommunications Via ECS
(Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 19 May 79)
FRANCE
Direct-Broadcast Television Satellite $upporCed
(Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 14 Apr 79)
Telspace GeCe New Station Contracts
(AIR & COSMOS, 14 Apr 79)
Briefs
, Telcom 1 Satellite
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WORLDWIDC AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
FRANCL-INDONE5IA SATELLITE AGREEMENT--France and Indonesia have signed
a tramework agreement for scientific and technical cooperation in various
fields parCicularly space, oceanography, electronics, nuclear phyaics, etc.
The agreement was aigned on 8 May 1979 by Pierre Aigrain, French Secretary
of State Co the Prime Miniatier in Charge of Research and Mr B. J. Habibie,
Indoneaian Miniater of 5tate for Research and Technology. Mr Habibie
atated Chat Indonesia could use the European "Ariane" launcher to launch
iCs aecond and third generaCion telecommunicaCione eatellites (Palapa D
and Palapa C). However, the Indoneaian Telecommunications Adminietration
(PERUMTEL) had, on 9 April 1979, signed a memorandum of agreement with
NASA in order to have the launchinga of two "Palapa B" series satellites
(to be manufactured by the American Hughes Aircraft Corporation) be
accomplished by the "Space shuttle." Piarre Aigrain also informed hie
Indonleeian counterparta of the existance of a new French group, Satel-
Conaeil, which looks forward to providing consultation service in future
Tndonesian telecotmnunications satellite projecte. (Text] [Paris
AIR & COSMOS in French 19 May 79 p 491
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JAPAN
JAPAN'S PROPOSAI.S FOR WARC-79 t-NNOUNCED
Tokyo DENPA 3HTMBUN in Japanese 8 Mar 79 p 2
[Text] A World AdministraCive Radio Conference (WARC-19) will be held
in Geneva, Switzerland during 24 3epCember - 30 November thie year for the
purpoee of effecting overall revision of radio camnunication regulationa,
inCernational rulee concerning radio and eupplementary radio service
regulaCions. On 7 kascch, the MinieCry of Poste and Telecamnunications
discloaed the Japanese proposale to be preeented aC the conferencQ.
In the area of �requency allocation, Japan will present six proposed
reviaions at the WARC-79. AttenCion is drawn to the gap between the
- currently effective frequency allocation for 10 KHz, to 275 GH% which
providea for worldwide or regional allocatfon to broadcasCing, maritime,
air, fixed and space services and recent developments in radio communication
technology and progress in radio utilization. The aix are: (1) With
the introduction of space communication Cechnology and appearance of
seabed cablea, dependence on HF bgnd (3-30 M) fiaced service is decreasing.
Therefore, fixed service frequenciea ahould be ehared with marieime mobile
and other aervicea. (2) UHP (300-3000 IrIIHz) bands for mobile service
ought to be enlarged. (3) To reepond Co advances in fixed satellite and
maritime mobile saCellite servicea, frequency allocationa for these
aervicee ought to be eatablished and expanded. (4) Frequencies oughC
to be assigned to earth aurvey satPlliCe aervice, based on remote aensing
technology. (5) The 40-275 CLm band not currently allocated for terreatr'.al
communication ehould be allocated for fixed and radio location services.
(6) In order to promote drsvelopment and utilization of the frequency
spectrun, the upper limit of frequency allxation ought to be raiaed
to 400 GHz.
_ The currently effecCive regulations governing coordination, reporting anci
registration procedures for frequency asaignment were adopted in 1957
~ in the case of terreatrial services and in 1971 for epace aervices. Based
on examinatioa of the record on their application since adopCion,
proposals will be made for clarifying which space service etaticros will
, be subject to coordination on frequency assignment and for periodically
clarifying the etatue of use.
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A propoeaL tio provide tihe Internutional Frequency Regietration CommitCee
with more effective procedures for handling harmful jamming girunCiona
_ will also be prasenred.
Propoeals dealing with technological etiandards include: (1) WiCh regard
to allowable frequency deviation and apurious emiesione levQl which are
general rechnological eCandarde for efficienC use of Che frequency specrrum, `
recent technological advances should be borne in mind and an overall revision
made. (2) With reepect Co technological sCandards for joint uae of
Frequencies by terreeCrial and apace servicQe, appropriate expansion
of frequancy band, in keeping wiCh the propoeal for expanding the joint-uee
frequency band in the frequency allocation, oughC to be made. And,
there will also be a propoeal for improving satellite poaiCion maintenance
precieion in order Co avoid mutual inCerference among radio eignals und
' enable effective use o� the geoetaCionary satellite orbit.
COPYRIGHT: Denpa Shinbunaha 1979
11,460
CSO: 5500
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JAPAN
SHARP DEVELOPS JAPANESE LANGUAGE VOICE SYNTHESIZER
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 12 May 79 p 5
[TextJ
Sharp Corporetion recently developed e new
stmple volce rynthesiser for tbe Japenese
languge tor use ln home electronlc appUaaces.
'1'he demand tor vofce syatbesisers is ovwng
rapkUy as more and more ofiice, machluea 'w
home appltences are becominI; so sophisticated
that it has become hacdet operate tbese
n18Chi0e8, ~ItIlOU$II go 8Ia18tI0Q J8 pBCtIy'C8tild
bq vulons pteoefta1 Inshuctforu on d l a p iay
unitsb . e ~+o
T blem4tmao-machlae latedaae-{s most
acute.ly telt by peaple uefng aud developbg
oompuWn. Soane volcs syaUheslzen hgve been'
r~ufre teWy large�~CC f~mputers
rge
and are qutte expeaslve.
An esample ot such camputerlzed vofce
undowna !u operatbn , is the
tdepboae eervloe. T6e amelimt ot
sucb systemt tw~j a cotnputer at least about
tbeaizeolabootsbelt.
But simh a tiulty aystem it imW'acUcal tor uae
ia ofIIoea and at bome, to say nothing ot the
price. Nor �can tape ttaordera come to the
reacue. For they cannot respond qulcrlY enouO
as tbe machine bas to spot eac6 aeeded ayU,ble
hy mmning the tape badt aud fortD. Ao tm-
eoottj11ab1Y loog tape becomes neemerY t�
-meet ail the possible reqWie+emeata. "
S6arp attadW the problem by nsiag tao ISia
(acje4cale iaElm 1-11 1) dt+aita, a Wt ot the
late~t e~;mloonduetor tec6nolo~.
One ot tbem is M bfift mlce+oQt+ooemor (m[ce+o-
compnter) aod the otbec Ia a 1C00abit (W�
bYte) ROM lt+nd4dY menary). The ROM
atoe+ea doA 60 Japeneae or Endiih worda and
tbeee wocb u+e pt+eoeseed bS the mice+o-
prooeaaor to syAbeilze.tbe mded worda. Itio
microprocesaor can work tn literaily a aplit-
aeoona and the ueer can get a vofce reaPonae
slma`t at the same moment he touchea one or
more keys on the keyboard.
To actually emit eounds e 4ma11 apeaker or a
aramlc dlap6n~and Ita drlvfng unlt milat be
"Sderp ~ted thae unito tnto a deslc4op
catcutator tor detponatratton at the voloe syn-
thesi:er. No larger than the averege deak�top
models end looklag no ditterefit, the demon�
stratiou calculator , "voicxe" the kPy iust
fouched, i,e:; It fhe key for three Is presaed, the
mechMw:1seysil san (3�fn Jepargfte). If auch
keya tor u+,#1 uQ' Wd uXrr A!E tOuC~, the
machiae saya, "plus,' ~"minus," 811d ~~k8k8N
(multiply W Jepat~ese).
Md the calcAtor remembeca the whole
calculattoa aad repute the whole procedt wlen
the iepeat kcy Is~~ Pressed. It can also "c~ead" a
~ertea ot n~mabers tn sequeaoe-ead the unlt, i.e.,
3,458,789 for three, tour, five.... in Japanese as
well as t6t+ee mUlion tour bundred and tittysix
thousand seven 6undr$d and etghty-afne.
Sharp aafd the apeaklnB calcWator's ROM is
desig* to ailow replacement to expaud the
' i+oponae capebtlity and !n the future tt aould be
very wcely to use larget ROMs aiCh as 16K-byte
and 32it4)yte ones or larger.
TThe developer said the appltcatton of
technology Promisea the emergeooe ot speaking
clacics, apealcb8 tYpe'wrttera whlch tell which
keY is Ptiaaed~ and ~g ~ reBiaters tor
the b~etit ot cuatomers at store dieckouts.
Shacp added that the demonatration speakiaB
calculatoc baa anotber L3I tor oomputat(on anA
it voioei throuRh a small loudapealcec. Even-
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roR oFric tnL usr: UNLY
tually, the compaqy sald, u hand�hetd calculntor
- would also be able to "speak,"
_ The volce synthesizer used In thae telltng on
tdo telephone uses phonemes, not words, to
synthesize the needed worda. Thle method ls safd
to be more appropriate tor ayatema that must
re$pond to a vaet or almost unllunlted scope. But
it is eeid to be untlt for rather reatMcted scopea.
Sharp said lt Is planning to Introduce Its flrst
"speaking" machlne thls coming autumn end It
- could well be a calculator.
A somewhat aimllar "speaklag" machlne wae
devetoped by Texas Iastrument ot the Untted
States last year. The machine fs belaa marketed
in Amerlca and here under the name ot "9peak ~C
Spelf," an Enalfah language teadbg mechine.
% COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News, 1979
CSO: 5500
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roti oFrICIAL Us E ortI.,v
JAPAN
FINE LINE ELECTRON BEAM MACHINE DEVELOPED
Tokyo MIitIJICHI DAILY NEWS in English 17 May 79 p 5
[Texr)
The field emission electron The entire system of the field emission electron beam
VISI Techao;ogy Research
Assoclatioa announced Tuesday
that it 6as developed an elec-
tmn beam machine t6at can
"draw" submicmn 1Wes, the
world's Mest line widtd, on
silicoa chips in making micra
electrnnlc circuits such as LSIs
(large-scale integratton) aad
VLSIa (very large scale in�
tegration) w6ich are needed to
produce tuture small-sized, yet
very powertul computers.
7'he assoc[attoa satd tde EB
machiae can draw circu[t llnes
With e wtdt6 ot less t6an 0.5
micrometer or one-fourth ot the
conventfonal EB mar.hlnea in
use. Whicb means, the
assoclatlon sald, : that the new
machlne makes lt possible to
cram 16 times more electrn;iic
elements (for inatance, discreet
translstors)1a a gtvea unit: that
fs to say, the machIne can cram
1 mlUion eleaaents into the sfze
of a cWp currently coataining
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84,000 elemente. The . 64k�blt
memory eWp fa the densest
semiconductor memory aow
commerclally evallable:
The associatfon said 1t broke
through the barrier of one
micrometer wlth a new cieta
emtsslon electron gua, phea a
very hlgq voltage (10 mlllbn
volts per ceatlmeter) ia sup-
plied to the pofnted tubptea tlp
of the, eixtron gun in- a very
hlgh vacuum at a room tem-
pehibue, the gWo ylelds the
world'8 big6est electric current
deneity; epabilo& the mac6lne
to dtaw the tlaest line or pat�
terns.
The assoclatlon sald the
current deaslty thus derived !g
100 'ttmea the curreat density
utlllzed W the most advAnced
hfgh�resolutioa elecfron
microscope and 10 tUnes that of
aaother type of EB machine
wdkh aeede heatiag (cotbode-
type E$ mechiaea). Th'e
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1979
CSO: 5500
cathode-type machlneg need a
power supply that la Im�
pracNcal to , gafa the same
results, the assocfatloa added.
Because of noaheating
(cetbode'type beam emltters
muat be heated to above 2,000
degreea C), the dew EB
machlne's gun's IUe ls con-
eidecably lengthened,lt added.
The new EB machlne, whtch
was developed by Hltacht Ltd�
a, member of the VL9I
mocfatioa employs the vector
ecanntug metLod to draa lfues,
doh,,, aud patEerns auch ae
trfapgles and rectanglei.
TGe machlne is tentatively
eatUnated to caet 4 mlllbn~yen.
Hetore the commercial
tWizaNon of tde aew EB
mac6lne,s ln producing mfcro-
electroNc circ'ults, develop-
ment of ot6er related
techoologq must be made in
such fields aa chemical dry
etching.
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JAPAN
BRIEFS
CHEAP FACSIMILE MACHINE--The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corpora-
tion (NTT) has unveiled a relatively inexpensive experimenCal model of a
facsimile machine suitable for home use. The new machine has the ability
to send any form of information written on a paper the size of ordinary
letter paper in one minute and 30 seconds. According to the NTT, the cost
for installing a unit of the new facaiffiile machine would cost less than 100,000
- yen if it was mass-produced, compared with the cost uf from 400,000 yen to
500,000 yen per unit for the models presenCly available. The NTT has de-
veloped two facsimile aystema, which will be the prototype modele �or future
mass-production of the machinea for home use. One has combined the apparatus
to transmit and receive facsimile information. The other aervea only as either
the transmitter or receiver. The former model measures 35 by 28.5 by 12.5
centimetera and weighs 8.1 kilograms. The NTT intends to start home facs:tmile
service connecting major cities across the nation by uaing telephone communi-
cations lines atartiag late this fiacal year. The corporation also intends
to .starC the facsimil.e service between Tokyo and Osaka by using an excluaive
facsimile communications line in the latter half of fiscal 1980. The fac-
simile information transmiasion aervice by using the exclusive line would be
extended to other cities acrosa the nation in the following 10-year period.
NTT officials eaid the transmiasion cost in home facsimile service would be
reduced considerably with the iatroduction of the exclusive communications
line for the aervice. [Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 25 May 79 p 3
OW]
COMPUTEB TRANSLATOR--Matsushita Electric will begin Co market around the -
world what it calls a hand-held computer/translator next year as it has
concluded a basic technological contract with Friends Amis Inc. of Califor-
nia, the developer of the computerized traaslator that has been marketed in
the U.S. since this spring. MaCsushita says it will begin to sell the new
computerized translator in Japan this year and to export it next year. _
Matsushita said ita machine will be able to contain three memory modules at
a time and each 2 by 4 cm module will contain about 1,200-1,500 words. Each
module will be plug-in plug-out type so that the machine will be able to ex- _
pand its vocabulary by relacing the modulea. The maker said it has developed
mzmory modules for Japanese,. Lnglish, French, German, Spanish, Italian and is
developing ones for Chinese, Swedish, Dutch and Portuguese. [Tokyo MAINICHI
� DAILY NEWS in Englieh 25 May 79 OiW] _
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PERSONAI. COMPUTERS--Sharp Corp. has markeCed two aew perannal crnnputers
thaC gllaw man-nnchine inGeraction in alphanumerics und katakena (Japoure
syllables). The Sharp PO-7300 (photo) and PC-7300C pergonal cnmputere em-
ploy the 5herp FORTRAN, dseplay letters and etgta in SX7 character diepiey
unit, and has g;riater that can print three 56-letCer lines per eecond.
Both machites have the minimum uaer area of 8k byteg and are expgndable
by 16k bytes up to 56k byeee for the 7300 model and eo 24k bytes for the
7300C model. The input ie m8de by either keyboard operation or magnetic
cards. The macb.ines measure H19.2 x S,t42.7 x D49.3cm, and weighs 16.5
~ kilog. Tfie unite consume 52W per hour. For deeeile g and optional peri-
� pherals, call Tokyo 03-260-1161 or Oeaka 06-621-1221. (Text) (Tokyo
MAINIQiI DAILY NEWS in Euglish 17 May 79 p S) ,
VLSI WIttINC TECNNOLOCY^�Toahibg 5emiconductor Technology Lab has developed
a taper plagma process technology, a new wiring technology for integraCed
circuitry expected to be effective for MOS LSI and VLSI applications.
Applications research at the 1ab has commenced. (Tokyo hIKKAN KOCYO
SHIMBUN in Japaneee 11 May 79 p 51
FUJITSU U.S. TIE-UP--Fujiteu considere it essentiel to expand its share in
the U.S. computer market as part of ite offeneive egainet IBM and has
atarted negotiaCions on tie-up with a U.S. fim suiteble for providing
eoftware, aupport and maintenance for Fujiteu medivm camputers in the
M-160S, M-140, M-I30 claes. U.S. caadidate firma have been narrowed dovn
to four or five. [Tokyo NIKKAN KOCYO SHIIMUN in Japanese 14 Mey 79 p 151
OFFICE pUTOMpTION--The lead article in a epecial aection devoted to the
information industry arguea that while proceseing of quantitative deta
has been almoat totally mechanized by computerization, qualitative lnfor-
mation processing--involving typeWriters, copiere, filing eysteme, dnd
other devices not generally recognized as information proceaeing equipment--
hae remaiued largely untouched. The article goes on to aesert that this
state of affairs is uneatiefactory and calls for a qualitative tranafoxma-
tion in the inforr3tion industry to correct this imbalaace and allos+ further
gains in office efficiency during the 1980s. [Ed4torial Report] [9'okyo
NIHON KEIZAI SHiMBUN in Japanese Evening Edition 9 May 79 p 251
PROJECTID SOFTWARE UNION--Computer industry sources on 23 May disclosed
plans to form by mid-Ju1y what is tentatively called a"neW computer
research and development union" for research and development of software--
an area where J,apan is said to be lagging 3 or 4 years behind IBM.
Anticipated members of the union are: five computer makers--Fujitsu,
Nippon Electric, Mitsubishi Electric and Toshiba; aad two research unions
created for development of super large-scale integrated circuits--Computer
Development Laboratory and NEC-Toshiba Information System. In addition.
Oki Electric Industry, Matsushita Communication Industrial, Sharp and
Tanimura Shinko Seisakusho also are expected to join for development of
peripheral equipment. [Tokyo 3fOMIUItI SHIMUN in Japanese 24 May 79
Morning Edition p 9 OW]
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- GABON
BRYLF5
TELECOMHUNICATION5 DLVELOPMENT LOAN--The Central Fund for Economic Coopera- _
tion grauted 40 million Prench francs (2 billion CFA) to xhe Cabon PoeCal
and Telscommunicgtione Office on 26 April in the form of two cqual loana.
They represent part of the financing for prQgram aimed at the development
of telecommuaic.stionst especially in the field of electronic centerg. The
implemenratlon of thie program will be completed by a"training and main-
tenance" operation to bo uudertakea by the French builders. The total
cost of thie program will be nearly 176 million Freach francs (8.8 biliian
CFA) and will also be financed through Africa Development Bank loans and
through private credite guaranteed by the COFACE [expaasion unknown).
(Textj (Parie MARCHES TROPICAUX ET t~DITERRAHBENS iu French 11 May 79
p 11981
TEUpgONE NETWORK MODERNIZATION--Gabou has decided to.resort to the
teeporal E 10 electronic telephone sqstem for the expansion and moderniza-
tion of its telephoae netaork, and is preparing to order a tesporal
telephoue netaork provided by CIT-Alcatel. The first E 10 aetvork vill
cover the area of "gYeater" Libreville. It vill comprise psrticularly
urbaa centers, a national traaeit center, an interurbea nodal ceater and a
national manual. T6e choice of Gabon confitms the competitiveaees of the
E 10 system. At the prtsent time, actually, more thaa 2 million E 10
liues are ordered or in service in 16 countries. In Africa the E 10
syetem is already in service or in the course of installation in Morocco,
Egypt, ivory Coast, Mauritius, and in its private version ia Zaire. [Text)
�(Paris MAACHES TRiOPICAUX ET HEDITERRANEENS 18 MaY 79 P 12591 6108
CSO: 5500
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Yt1TERNATIONAL AFFAYItS
INTRA-BUROPEAN TELECOMHtJNICATIONS VIA ECS
Paria AIR 6 COSMOS in French 19 May 79 p 47
(Article by Pierre Langereux: "European Telecommimicetioce Via ECS")
(TexCj Burope will have ite own regional communicetione eatellite syetem,
the LC5 [EuYOpean Communications Satellite] system, that will be iacorporated
during the 1980's into the long-distance intra-8uropean coamunications net-
wcrk and provide telephone, telex, televiaion, and data tranemiseion links.
The agreement covering coastrucCi,on and operation of thie syatem vas signed
recently betveen the two organ4zations concerned: the European Space Agency
(ESA) that will furnish the satellites, and Interim Intelsat, the new Buro-
pean aesociation of 17 European couatries that aill become ovner of the =
eatellites end manage the ECS system. The agreement Was signed in Paris on
15 Nay by Roy Gibeon, E5A's managing director, and Gerard Thery, director
gpneral for telecoamunicatione in the French Minietry of Poste and Telecom- -
munsc8csons, representing Interim Hntelsat.
It is plaaaed to have two operational ECS ia orbit at the same time. One aill
be aorking and the second aill serve ae a backup prepared to take over shauld
the firet malfunction. They will be placed ia geosynchonous orbit between
longitudes 10 deg. E and 12 deg. E. Each satellite will be able to handle up
to 12,000 telephone calls simultaneously plua two color televiaion programs
for the Eurovieion system of inember countries of the European Broadcastiag
Union. The firet ie echeduled to be launched at the end of 1981, aad the
aecond approximately 10 monthe leter, by the new Eurapenn launch vehicle,
Ariane. ESA plana to buy a total of five ECS to maintain Interim Intelsat's
ectbeduled service for a period of 10 years. The contract for construction of
the firet tvo eatellites hae already been awar3ed to the British Aerospace
Dqnamics Group, leader of the MESH coneortium of 14 industrial firms in 10
European co+ln:ries. The contract for production of the other three operational
satelliCes 1-2+ r.urre�itly being negoCiated.
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Thie agrr.Qmenr comeg 1 year after ehe 11 May 1978 launch of the firet European
communicaCiona eaCelliCe, the OTS-2 [QrbiCgl Teet S&Ce111Cel, which ie func-
tioning moet aatiefacCorily. OTS-2 is empioyed wirh grnund sCetiong of four
cnuntries--France, Germany, Ytaly, and Great BriCaia--in preparation for
uperation of the ECS. '
COPYRIGHT: Air 6 Coemog, Perie 1979
8041
C30; 5500
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FRANCE
DIRECT-BROADCAST TELEVISION SATELLITE SUPPORTED
Parie AIR & COSMOS in French 14 Apr 79 pp 34-35, 40
[ArCicle by Pierre Langereux: "The Higher Council of ttie Audiovisual
Authority Supports Prench Dixect-Broadcaet Televiaion"]
(Text] The French Government theoretically has to determine soAn its
poeition concerning the direct-broadcast televieion eatellite�project
studied by TDF [Telecasting of Francej and the CNES [National Center
- for Space Studies] and aupported by the Higher Council of the Audio-
visual Authority. On the favorable assumption that it will approve this
- plan, the French Government will have to decidQ whether to develop its
saCelliCe on a atrictly nationai level or in cooperation with German
industry in the context of the joint development of the French direct-
- broadcast televiaion satellite and the German "TV-SAT" telecasting
eatellite which the government of the Federal Republic of Germany Wants
to start building in July 1979. A decisive meeting is echeduled on this
acore at the end of April or egrly May 1979 between Andre Giraud, French
minieter of industry, and Volker Hauff, minister of research and tech-
nology of the'Federal Republic of Germany (eee AIR & COSMOS, iseue
No 155).
a
In Favor of a Gl..bal Audiovisual Communications Policy
The Higher Council of the Audioviaual Authority, in a new report recently
submitted to the French Government by Jeaa d'Arcy, unequivocally came out
"decidedly in favor" of the construction aad launching of a direct-
broadcast television satellite which would be "operational by 1983-84.".
This "maadates a decision ia 1979."
'''Tt is not desirable for France to allow a neighboring satellite to be
placed in arbit" and which would be represented "as the Europeaa broad-
casting satellite," the Higher Council of the Audiovisual Authority
opined. It behoovea France "as much for its political, cultural, aad
economic independence as for the future o� its electronic and space
iadustry to take the initiative and explore all possibilities of
European cooperation.
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"The use of direct-broadcast televieion saeellites could not be enviaioned
in iCself but only ae a funcrion of a global audiovisual communicationa
policy o� France, both on iCS Cerritory and outside of its bordere," the
Higher Cauncil of the Audiovisual AuChoritiy reporCed. It rhus recommended
"concerted policy among French-apeakere joinCly with our neighbore in
Belgium, SwiCzerland, and Luxembourg," especially with Luxembourg which
seea in a direct-broadcasC televiaion satellite "the only way to reach
its potenCial P'rench- and German-epeaking audience" and would stand ready
Co use a channel on a French or German satellite far this purpoee.
100 Million Television Viewers
The Geneva Plan (1977) of the ITU [International TelecommunicaCions Union]
assigned to France an orbiCal track (19 degreen weat) and five channels
(one television program or 15 radio programa pex channel) as well as a
"zone of nominal coverage" making it possible to reach 100 million tele-
viaion viewere in Europe of whom bmiiii.on would be Francophone. The
broadcasCs of the French satellite will in fact cover at least eight
counCriea: the whole of France but aleo the whole of Belgium, Luxembourg,
and SwiCzerland, nearly the whole of England and the Netherlanda, south-
western Germany, aad northern Spaia.
On the oCher hand, the unavoidable areas of overlap (authorized by the
ITU) of the satellite broadcasCe of neighboring cou:;tries will also cover
France aad it would thus be "difficult to accept that the only adver-
tiaing ehould be foreign programa in Freach," in the opinion of the
Higher Council of the Audiovisual Authority.
Mass Communications Instrument
The direct-broadcast television satellite thus provea to be an "ideal mass
communicationa instrument." But it may aleo make it possible to com-
pletely achieve and at lesaer cost the coverage of the national territory
(TF 1 and ANT 2 chains) as a complement of the existing laad network
which could Chen be earmarked more specifically to regional broadcasting
(via FR-3).
Telecasting of Fraace would indeed have an interest in using the satellite
to aover the 3,250 "shadow zones" still subsisting in the national net-
work aad Which would necesaitate the installation of as many relay
stationa. This "WOUld involve 230 million French francs in annual
operating outlaqe," the Higher Council of the Audiovisual Authority noted,
that is, "a cost higher thaa the aanual operating coats of two satellite
chaaaels over 10 years." The latter may total 60 to 80 million fraacs
per chaanel, that is, 120 to 160 million fraace in all over 10 years
(excluding Che coets of broadcast programs).
The Freach direct-broadcast television satellite seems then to have some
attraction. Neverthelese, the Eigher Couacil of the Audiovisual Authority
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ia of the opinioi: ChBC a profitability sCudy ie "indispenseble" and that
it ahould "take i;.,;o consideration differant poseibilitiee regarding
meane, notably, paying sarviceA"--for example, �or rhe new servicee
which could be generalized to a large extant Chrough rhe direct-broadcget
televieion satellite such ae the electronic direceory and other "pay
televieion" networks (Anriope, EPEOS, Discret, and so on).
It would also be necessary Co examine the poseibilities of sound radio-
broadcaeting eince a aingle satellite channel would make it poseible to
relay up to 15 radio programs targeted to receivere operating on Che
band of 1 gigaherz (not yet assigned to eatellites).
To Find 2 Billion France
However, the Higher Council of rhe Audiovieual Authority noted, "it seeme
to be neceseary that new funds be found to avoid having the realization
and use of inveetmenta occur at the expense of credits allocated Co
programs." This ie incidentally one of Che major conatrainte to be
solved inasmuch as the budget of the majox organ concerned (TDF) doee
not now make it posaible to initiate the assembly of a direct-broadcaet
televieion satelliCe. Hence a certain reticence of thoae responeible to
aupport the plan too openly.
According to,the financial eatimates made by the CNES and presented by
the Higher Council of the Audiovieual Authority to the French Government,
the coat of a syetem including five direct-broadcast televieion eatellitee
with five channela each of which four satellites would be placed into
orbit by "Ariane" would be "in the order of 2 billion france."
This includes (price at mid-1978) the following over a 10-year period:
The development of Che firat operational satellite (400 million frauce),
the purchase of four other satellites to inaure uninterrupted service
over the 10 years (720 million francs), the coet of putting the four
geostationary satellitea into orbit (700 million france), the building
cf the control stationa (25 million francs), their operating costs (2.5
s.illion francs a year per etation), construction of the televiaion pro-
gram broadcasting station (50 million franca), its operation (3 million
franca a year), and the operating coste of the administrative organ
(5 million francs a year).
Aasuming cooperation, speciiically with the Federc~l Republic of Germany, ~
for studies and developmenC of a five-channel prototype satellite,
"France's outlays for this initial stage could be estimated at some
200 million francs (1978 prices)," the Higher Council of the Audiovisual
Authority eatimated.
For the users, who will have to equip themselves with a epecial device
for receiving the signals from the satellites (at 12 gigaherz), the
Higher Council of the Audiovisual Authority has figured out the following
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coete: 1,500 to 2,500 france for an individual insCgllution (with a
parabolic 0.9-merer antenna) and 10,000 francs for a community inetul]a-
tiott (wieh an antenna 1.8 meters in diameter). The latter wouLd cer-
Cainly turn out to be more profitable in the immediate term by aharing
coets among several homes (100 frgnca per home).
J HuC the pricea of domestic receivera would obvious].y evolve as a functiion
of the volume of productiion, itaelf conditioned by the atCracriveness for
the public of programs broadcast via the satellite. The Higher Council
of the Audiovisual Aurhority feels "reasonably certain" that 6 million
homes could be reached in 10 years and from 12 Co 13 million homes in
15 years, not counCing Che poCenCial market outside of France. According
to the authority, "a market of [only] 5 mi111on homes equipped in 15
yeara would represent for France a relative setback of the new tech-
nology."
Interest in Induatrial CooperaCion
On the industr',:1 level "special effort ia neceseary in connecCion with
large public receivers" (linked antennae and hookups). However, the
Higher Council of the Audiovisual Authority is of the opinion "that this
ia not out of our reach." BuC a decision has to be made in ahort order
to enable our elecCronic induatry to face the competition of the other
European, Japaneae, and American buildera.
On the other hand, in the view of the Higher Council of Che Audiovisual
Authority, "from an industrial viewpoint it is in France's interest to
find a partner for the consCruction of the satellite," namely, to reduce
coata.
Germany may be willing to fill this role of partner as it�was earlier
for the realization of the "Symphonie" telecommunicationa eatellites _
which have now been in operation for 5 years in completely satisfactory
manner.
"Thia industrial argument is not to be rejected, for apace technology
will be among those which could be exported for a longer time than other
technologies," Pierre Ilaunier, director of the balliatics and apace
divieion of the Aeroapatiale Company, said at the colloquy of FIREP held
in Nice oa 5 and 6 April 1979 on the theme of "the future of radio-
television monopoliea in the light of satellites."
Even though on a personal basis he conaiders that the French Government
does not seem to have decided to launch itaelf rapidly into the building
of a direct-broadcast televi$ion satellite, Pierre Usunier believea that
in any case the television satellite will be built. According to him,
the obetacle to making a decision in this reapect ia neither of a tech-
nical order (all the technologies are available to Aerospatiale which
has already studied such a plan--"H-SAT"--jointlq with HBB) nor of a
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finbncial naCure (ehe coge o� the space systam ie compeeiCive in covering
the "shadow zonea"). Neither is tihare a problem of placsment into orbit:
- The "Ariane" rockeC will be avgileble in 1980 nnd improvemenCe gre already
planned to enable iC tio put direct-broadcaeti eelevieion eaCe111tea weigh-
ing a ton into geosCgtionary orbit in 1983.
45 Programs in France
Nor are the regulations of the ITU any more nf an obatacle to the develop-
ment of televiaion broadcasting for, ae Calin Roaetti, in charge of
projecta aC the future programs directorate of the ESA, noted aC the
- FYREP colloquy, it will be poeaible for an individual Celevision viewer
Co receive broadcaaes from several foreign satellites by merely adding
- to his set an electric motor for redirecting hia anCenna (additional
coet, U.S.$100) and, if neceaeary, by nutfitting his receiver with a
polarization ewitch (for an additional $10). Ag for the receprion of
signals by various televiaion sysCems, it has been done for aeveral years
now with the mulCisyatem sets used by thoae who reside in border areas.
Calin Rosetti also envisioned in the long term an important extension of
reception zones of varioua direcC-broadcast television syRtema thanks to
better performing aer{als and better filtera which will undoubtedly make
their appearance on the market. Thus, according to him, France could
:eceive broadcaste from aeven countries, that is, 35 programs including
five in French throughout France and those of nine countries, that is,
45 programs, in half of French territory.
Besidea, the direct-broadcast satellite television market is noC only of
interest to industrialized countries but also to developing countriea -
with different motivations, Pierre Uaunier said.
TEius, in Europe, Luxembourg is interested in telecasting by saCellites,
moatly for commercial purpoaes, while the Scandinavian countries are
readying their "North-SAT" satellite project to protect their economic
but also cultural interesta.
In contrast, for developing countries such as India and China, what is
involved first and foremosC is to overcome, rapidly and at least coat,
the handicap represented by the ahortage of their infrasCructural
facilities over an extenaive territory and to bring literacy to their -
populations, necessary conditiona for economic development.
The market prospects are considerable. For it is anticipated that the
putting inta service of the first operaCional direct-broadcast televiaion
system in Europe or elsewhere will trigger a chain reaction by neighboring
or "competitor" countries.
For the time being Europeans--and France--have the opportunity to enjoy
equal standing with the United Statea in this field of direct-broadcast
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televiaion satellitea while thati of convenCional telecommunicaei.on
eatellites ie monopolized by American manufacturers.
Thie is an opporrunity nor to be cnissed.
COPYRIGIIT: Air & Coemos, Paris, 1979
2662
C5a: 5500
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FRANCE
TELSPACE GETS NEW STATION CONTRACTS
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 14 Apr 79 p 36
(Article: "Telspace: New Station Contracts"]
[Text] -The Telepace economic intereat group made up of Thomson-CSF
[General Wtreless Company] and CIT-AlcaCe1 [Industrial Telecommunications
Company-Alcatel] (General Electric Company group) has juat received
within a month three new contracta for a total amount of 60 million
Freach franca from Djibouti, Ivory CoasC, and Iraq. Telapace thus con-
firmed ite ranking as the leading European builder of land atationa and
the second builder in the world (after the Japanese firm, NLC [Nippon
Electric Company]).
The Djibouti Tele.conmunicaCions Company, of which France Cable and Radio
fa part, gave an order for the conatruction of a land station with an
antenna 11.8 meters in diameter (Standard B, INTELSAT [International
Telecommunicationa Satellite Conaortium]) equipped with 24 vector chan-
nela to provide telephonic, telegraphic, and Telex linke with the
INTELSAT satellite over the'Indian'Ocean beginning in September 1979.
In ivory CoasC 7NTELCI [Internat,onal Telecommunicationa Company of Ivory _
CoasCj chose Telspace after iasuing an international call for bids for
the conatruction of a aecond land station with an antenna 32.5 meters in
diameter (Standard A) and 24 SCPC vector channela to be built 30 kilo-
meters from Abidjan. Thia etation will cammunicate via the INTELSAT
satellite over the Atlantic Ocean to boost the power of the station
already installed by Telspace in 1972. It will become operational at the
end of Auguat 1980.
On ite part, Iraq ordered Telspace to modify the two Standard A land
stations installed by the French GIE [?Electri:al Industriea Corporation]
in 1976 at the apace telecommunicatione center of Dujail, 60 kilometers
from Baghdad. What ie involved ia the doubling of the tranemisaion
capacity of the two stationa. The radioelectric equipment, the power
broadcaeting stations, and the receivera very eensitive to low level
sound will be aupplied by Thomaon-CSF. The updated equipment will be
completed by September 1980.
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On Che other hand, the agreemenC involving the supply by France of a
land sCation Co Colombia has noC yet been aigned definiCively despito
rhe recent declaration of Olivier Stirn, the French secretary of etata
to the minister of foreign affaira, on an official vieit Co that coun-
try. TheoreCically, the F'rench builder hae been chosen, bux the agree-
ment atill has to be negotiated.
COPYRIGHT: Air & Cosmos, Paris, 1979
2662
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ERANCC
BRYEFS
TELECOM 1 SATELLITE--Some 2 weeks ago, the General TelecommunicaCions
Directorate (DGT) issued a call for indusCrial bids for production of
the first French communications satellite, Telecom 1. DGT mannger
Gerard Thery stated the prime contractor would obviously be a French
firm, but that European manufacturerscould also be associated in the
projecC should use of the satellite be extended to Europe. Z'he two
' leading prime contractor candidates for the Telecom 1 projecC are the -
French firms Aerospatiale and Matra. If, however, DGT maintains its _
previously-announced intention of basing Telecom 1 on the design for ~
Che European Communications Satellite (ECS) developed by the European
MESH industrial consortium [Matra, Erno, Saab, Hawker Siddely Group, and
Aeritalia], then Matra will likely be selected as prime contractor, al-
though major items of equipment will be furnished to AeroapaCiale. The
electronics firm of Thomson-CSF will also participate in the Telecom 1
project as manufacturer of the communications payload. Bid submissions
for Telecom 1 must.reach DGT by 1 June. [Text] [Paris AIR & COSMOS in
French 5 May 79 p 511 8041
. CSO: 5500 END ,
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