JPRS ID: 8495 TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100060006-8
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• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 6
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/8495
4 June 19 79
~ ~ ~
TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
FOUO No, 638 ~
U. S. ~OINT PUBLlCATlONS RESEARCH SE~VICE
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rutc urrr.~r~~w u5L VIVLi
JPRS L/8495
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4 June 1979
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TRANSLAI'I O(~S ON SUB~SAHARAN AFRI CA
FOUO No. 638
CONTENTS PAGE
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Egypt Said To Have Supplied Tanzania With Arms
(Francisco Mergara; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 18 Apr 79)........... 1
Establishment of MulCinational Marketing Organizationa Reported
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 13 Apr 79)........ 2
Report on Franc Zone Nationa in 1977 Released
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 13 Apr 79)........ 6
Conflicting Reports on Benguela Railroad Operation
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 13 Apr 79)........ 13
Briefs
Nigeria Backing I~LT 14
ANGOLA
Briefs
Oil Consumption Up 15
CHAD
Briefs
Clashes in North, South 16
GABON
Improvement in 1978 BAlance of Payments Noted
(MARCHES TRQPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 20 Apr 79)........ 17
- a- (III - NE & A- 122 FOUO]
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CON'1' ~'N'1'S (Cuntinu~d) 1'~~~
GNANA
Briefs
Canadian Wheat 18
EEC brought-Related AesisCance 18
GUIN~A
Reaeons �or Ismael Toure's Diamiasal Examined
(Sennen Andriamerado; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 25 Apr 79)~........ 19
Briefs
Possible Corruption Behind Diamiasal 21
MALI '
West German Economic Assistance Detailed
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 20 Apr 79)........ 22
NAMIBIA
Briefs
Political Prisoners 23
_ RHODESIA .
French Deputy Jacques Feron on Fairness of Elections
(Jacques Feron Interview; VALEURS ACTUELLES, 30 Apr 79).. 24
~
SENEGAL -
Improved Economic Prospects for 1979 Noted `
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET r~DITERRANEENS, 20 Apr 79)......... 26
UGANDA
Confusion, Contradictory Rumors Prevail ~
~ (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 30 Mar 79)......... 30
Briefs
~ New 'UGANDA TIMES' 32
Shilling Revalued 32
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If~TER-AFItICAN AT~'rAtlt5
~GYI'T SAID TO HAVE SUPPLIED TANZANIA WITH AitMS
Paris JEUNC A~RIQUE in French 18 Apr 79 p 30
[Article by Francisco Mergara: "Who Is Arming Tanzania?"]
(Textj For two monChs now the Tanzanian arnry has been fighting tn Uganda. ~
Even if it seemed to be~well equipped with fighter aircraft and tanks be-
fore the war, no African army has sufficienC ammunition reserves Co under-
Cake so long a campaign. The United SCates, Great Britain, and the Sciindi-
navian countries, who don't hide their sympathy for Dar es-Sa1am, assert,
however, that they are not furnishing arms. Then who is providing the
munitions and the logistical means which Tanzania is using Co c~nduct Chis
war 1500 km from its capital?
A conEidential British source recently revealed that Egypt w~s furnishing
Tanzania maCerial and military advisors. President Sadat would be using
this means to counteract the Libyan and SovieC influence in Uganda.
According to the same source, Idi Amin would have let guerrilla bases be
bui1C along the Sudanese border from which operations would have been con-
ducted against the Khartoum regime.
Ever. though this information is hard to confirm, Presid~~nt Sadat has at
least two other very serious reasons for helping Tanzania. On one hand,
khe severe defeat that the Libyan army apparently sustained could only have
delighted the Egyptians. On the other hand, by furnishing arms to Tan::ania,
Egypt keeps this country from becoming totally dependent on Che Soviet Union.
Nevertheless, it seems that Tanzania itself had until now financect the
essential part of its war expenses ($1 million per day, of which l~alf is
for direct military expenses only). The Tanzanian foreign exchange re-
serves, which were $250 million 15 months ago, have falle~ to $25 million.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique, GRUPJIA 1979
9374
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IN7"CIt ACItICAN At~i~AIR5
~5mABLISHMEN'C Or MULTINATIONAL MARKE'CING ORGANIZA'CIONS REPORTED
Paris b1A~CN~S 'TROPICAUX BT MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Apr 79 pp 920-J21
- [Text] 'I'he UNCTAn Co~nission on Economic Coopera~ion Between Developing
Countries has been presented with a report commissioned from a cnnsultant
on certain aspects of the creation of multinational marketing organizations
in Africu. 'fhis report complements those already done for Asia und Latin
America. Tt was compiled on the spot in 11 African countries: Senegal,
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Camexoon, Kenya, Tanzania, btozambique, Sudan,
Egyrt, and Morocco, which constitute a fairly representative sample of the
different economic systems and the princip~l subregions of Africa.
With few exceptions, the idea of establishing multinational marketing organ-
izatioi~s (EMC) is well received. Certain observations h avc been raised,
notably on the following points: lack of capital and trained staff, dif-
ference in levels of development and rroduction costs, special position of
~ certain products in the economy of certain countries, control of production
and marketing channels by foreign capital which ensures the predominance of
powerful international companies, and transportation problems.
Nevertheless, the African countries have slready establ.ish various multi-
national enterprises at the regional level or within the framework of sub-
regional economic groupings: West African Cement Company (CIMAO), Air
Africa, African Development Bank, and African Insurance Company, to name a
few.
As concerns export products, the necessity of concerted action has led the
African countries to set up producers' associations at the subregional, ~
regional, and even interregional levels: Inter-African Coffee Organization,
African ~Vood Organization, African Peanut Council, Alliance of Cacao Pro-
ducing Countries, Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries,
~ etc.
Among African exports other than petroleum products, in 1975 raw materials
represented nearly 77 percent of the total value of exports; raw materials
of agricultural origin constituted 80 percent of the total raw materials.
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'Mi~ grc~ter r~rt of th~ Africari countrics' ex.pnrts go to the d~v~loped coi~n-
tries ~t the market rntc. In ti~e African producer Countries that have
estnblished n~tion~l centr~~lizing agcncies, sales follow th~ tradition~l
c:hnnn~ls in which the producing countrics have nn share,
'I'o cstablish multinational marketing org~n~zations, the consultant recom- ,
mends several measures: taking mujority stock in subsidiaries of trnns-
nntinnal companies operating in the developing countries, cooperatton of
the trnditional sales channels with the m~rketing organizations of the PVb
[develori~ig countries], agreement with the d3.stribution chains already
estublished in various industrialized countries by certain African producer
countries, strengthening tl~e producer associations, search for new markets
in easte rn Europe, and suppression of commercial and tariff barriers set up
in various industrialized countries against agricultural and manufactured
product~ exported by developing countries.
In Africn the problem of transportation assumes primo importance; the in-
adequacies of the road and rail networks constitute a veritable strangle-
hold on export activities, A substantial reduction in the freight rates on
outboun d cargo on air and sea transports must be obtnined.
'Che est ablishment of multinational marketing organizations will open up a
iiew path in the search for economic independence of the African countries,
~ccording to the report, which con~ains a number of observations on the
products of interest to Africa:
Coffce
In certain East African countries, coffee is sold at auction on the spot.
In IVest and Central Africa, marketing organizations effect sales abroad di-
rectly. The creation of an interregional EMC would allow the producer coun-
tries a publicity campaign in favor of African coffee and enable them to
install processing units on the spot to stabilize production and create a
common African brand.
Cacao
The Alliance of Cacao Producing Cauntries, which includes Brazil, Ecuador,
Cameroon, the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Gabon, and Togo, is already a
very positive factor. Multinational marketing organizations could raise
capital to manufacture chocolate in the producing countries under a common
brand name. .
Tea
'I'he reluctance shown to.forming an association of African producers is the re-
sult of the very great diversity of the qualities that enter into the mix-
tures and of the control of production, processing, and marketing by spe-
cialize d transnational companies. Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Malawi
could establish a joint processing organization and market the mixtures
under a common African brand name.
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Oil-Seeds
The Afrlcun Peanut Council probably constitutes the best f~amework for
working out a policy of cooper~tion on marketing. 'I'he prospects for ca-
nperation .1re favor~ble, ospecially between btali, Sen~gal, and Niger, where
tl~cre is a state mono~oly for purch~ses from the producors, a system that
could lnter bo extended to Cambiu, Nigoria, and the 5udan. As far as th~
ottter oil~nuts are conccrned, th~ project nf establishing nr~ African nil-nut
orgunization is f~irly well along.
Wood ~
'Che African Wood Organization has been e.stablished too recently
for i*.s effect to be evaluated. 'Che search for new maxkets in the sncialist
- cow~tries of Eastern Europe and ttie campaign to promote African essential
oils should be intensified.
Cotton
A joint action of African producers of long-staple cotton--Egypt, Morocco,
and Sudan--would be beneficial, but it is of greater importance to make sure
of foreign markets and to fight the competition o~ synthetic j~roducts. -
Sisal
Because of the collapse of the world demand for raw sisal, the African pro-
ducer countries must devote themselves to processing into finished products
on thc spot. Establishment of an EMC seems to be the answer to large-scale
prodtiction and marketing of such products.
bie at
At the moment exports of fresh or ~rozen meat from African countries to de-
veloped countries are practically nil, because of the barriers and phyto-
sanitary regulations decreed in the consumer cotm tries. In East Africa, ;
Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, and Swaziland are studying the possibility of ~
establishing a subregional cooperation in veterinary inspection and market-
ing. Kenya has succeeded in exporting beef to Switzerland after inspection
at the slaughterhouse by a team of Sw~iss veterinarians on the spot.
Cruits and Vegetables
'I'he African banana is encountering difficulties in access to markets in the
developed countries; establishment of an EMC would contribute to internsifi-
cation of advertising campaigns and the search for markets in the so~ialist
~ countries of Eastern Europe under an African brand name. The flow of off-
season tropical. fruits and vegetables would be facilitated by agreements
negotiated witti the distribution chains in the developed countries, each
African produce:r making deliveries in turn.
Phosphates
_ Consultations among African phosphate producers should be carried on
- until an association is established. Morocco's marketing experience in
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tl~e .~ialcl might serv~ ~s an ax~mple Find leFid to the creation df u joint
5~1CS abency wh~ch would have the effect of reducing marketing costs.
Co~~~~c r
'I'ha Cntcrgov~rnmcntul Cowicil of Coppcr-lixporting Countrics (CInCC) could
be tra~isformed into a real business of common marketing of the member cotm-
tries' copper. The limited actions undertaken thus far should be repcated
on a largcr scale. At the beginning, an associ~tion with the transn~tion~l
comp~nies that control the market in the met~l will probubly have to bo
consid~red. ~
- liauxite and Aluminum
An Internutional Association o~ Bauxite Producers exists, ~vith its head-
quarters at Kingston, J~maica, embracing the prin cipal producers among the
develol~ing countries, among them Ghana, Guinea, and 5ierra-Leone. The con-
stitution of an EMC at the African regional or interregional level will
have to take accoun~ o� the powerful transnational companies that control
the aluminum market, Guinea, which has the biggest proven bauxite reserves
in the warld, is considering a joint project of exploitation of one of its
deposits with other developing countries for production of alumina and ttlu-
minum.
Dianuf;ictured Products
For the moment, the only manufactured products for ~~hich there seem to be
good prospects for marketing cooperation are textiles and ready-to-welr
clothing, leather goods , and canned meat and fish. Certain African tex-
tiles have found outlets in Europe and the United States.
'I'he leather goods (shoes and luggage) have a big market in the developing
countries. Establishment of. an EMC would make it possible to supply this
regional market better and to gain access to the im dustrial countries.
In the case of canned meat and fish, multinational marketing organizatiions
- wit}~ common brand names would open up to the participants all of the re-
stricted markets to which each of them now has access.
Handicraft Products
An EMC established with capital from different African countries would mar-
ket the handicraft products of the member countries on a large scale. 1fie
experiment could be tried immediately in North Africa for rugs.
COPYRIGIIT: Rene htoreux et Cie Paris 1979
5588
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iNmr:ii-~ralc~v Arrni~s
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l2~PURT UN FRANC ZON~ NATIONS IN 197~ RELEAS~D
Paris h1ARCHES TROPICAUX ET I~DITER~tANEENS in French 13 Apr 79 pp 924=925
[Text] 't'he bionetary Committee of the Franc Zone has recently _
published its report on the year 1977.
Besides France and the overseas depaxtments and territories,
the franc zone includs~ the following African states: Benin,
~ Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Mali, Cameroon,
the Central African Empire, the Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Comoros.
In addition the ~island of Mayotte, a territorial collectivity
with a special status, is attached to it.
F:r~c;j~~ the 1977 report we have extracted the essential indications
r~lating to the economies and the financial balances of the
:~frican members of the zone.
Chief Products -
Although the firmness of the market in the chief agricultural products ;
that characterized the year 1976 gave way, from the end of the first quar-
ter of 1977 on, to an almost general decline, the annual average of quota-
tions came out higher than that of the preceding year, and the prices
guaranteed to producers rose, in some.cases substantially.
Bad climatic conditions affected the peanut harvest in the Senegal, the drop
amounting to 51 percent of the previous season's crop. In ivory Coas~ the
coffee production marketed showed a drop of about 30 percent. Congolese
sugar production showed the aging of the plantations and the social diffi-
culties of the producing state. Chad, the leading cotton producer of the
franc zone, showed a drop in tonnage. Rice growing in ivory Coast, Mali,
and the Sene gal suffered from rather unfavorable climatic con ditions, re-
flected in i~ncieased�resort to importation.
In the franc zone as a whole the 1977-1978 crop season yielded the following
amounts in thou~ands of tons:
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Sugur; ~1G8 (+3g) , inclucl.ing 3SS in the overseus det~artments tuld l;i i.n tha
Congo (-4G) ,
r
Pe~n~its: 591 (-532), including 468 in t}ie Senegal (-495), 43 in Mali (-42),
;1nJ 21 iii Ni~;cr (+11) .
C:icuo; a12 (+75) , including 285 in ivory Coast (+49) and 105 in Cnmernot~
(+~5).
Coffee; 299 (-94), including 190 in ivory Coast (-101) and 90 in Ctuneroon
(+10).
Bananas: 500 (-23), including 312 in the overseas departments (-38), 106 in
Ivory Coast (+7) , and 82 in Cameroon (+7) . �
~ Cotton: 195 (-17), including 48 in Chad (-6), 42 in Mali (-3), 37 in ivory
Coast (+7), 15 in Cameroon (-2), and 11 in Central Africa (-4). ~
Rice: 852 (-343), including 400 in ivory Coast (-110)~ 190 in Mali (-1G0),
and 6? in Senegal (-53).
Corn: overall producti~n esti~nated at between 1 million and 1.5 million
tons, consumed entirely in the produc.ing countries.
'f'he recovery in the tropical woods market that manifested itself in 1976
. }ield only during the first months of 1977. African woods showed bettcr re-
sistance to Asiatic competition; their curve varied little. In the course
of 1977 the exports of the African producers totaled 4.6 million tons (as
against 4.5 million tons in 1976), including 2.8 million for Ivory Coast
(with na variation worth mentioning), Gabon (+0.1 million), 0.4 million for
Camcroon (-0.1), 0.15 million for the Congo, and 0.12 million for Central
Africa.
Mining production (ores and concentratesj of the franc zone in 1977 amounted
to:
Nickel: 5.8 million tons of ore (-0.1 million) and 51,300 tons of processed
metal (-10,700 tons), all in New Caledonia.
Manganese: metallurgical ore: 1.8 million tons (-0.2 million); dioxide:
78,000 tons (+16,000 tons), all in Gabon.
Uranium: (concen trated metal): 2,347 tons (-82 tons), includin g 1,440 tons
in Niger (with no appreciable change) and 907 tons in Gabon (-6 percent) .
Phosphates: 4.5 million tons 0.9 million), including 1.6 million in the
Senegal ~unchanged)~and 2.9 million in Togo (+0.9 million).
Potash: 135,000 tons in the Congo up to the final cessation of exploitation
at Eiolle (down 288,000 tons from 1976).
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Alumin~un (�i.rst smelting) : 54,000 tons in the Cameroon (unch~nged) .
Copper: 2,~U0 tons of ore itt the Congo (+1,50U tons).
Di~monds; 29G,900 carats in Central Africa (+l~,~nd) ~a 17,300 c~rats in
Ivory Coast (-41,200), where ext.raction at the Seguela deposit was stopped
in September 1977.
Crude oil production in 1977 is estimnted at 11,3 million tons in Gabon (un-
cha~iged) and 1.6 million tons in the Congo (-0.4 million). Gabon supplicd
64 mi.llion cubic meters o~ natural gas (-11 million) and the Congo 9.4 mil-
lion f-5.9 million} ,
'l'radc
'I'he development of commerce between France and the countries of tl~e franc
zonc since 1975 is summarized in the table below.
1'rade Between France and the ~ranc Zone, 1975-1977 (r4illions of French Francs)
Exports Imports g~lance
1975 1976 1977 1975 1976 1J77 1975 '1976 1977
Overseas
Departments 2,739 3,205 3,936 1,047 1,212 1,322 +1,742 +1,993 +2,G13
Overseas
Territories 814 752 848 967 772 818 - 153 - 20 + 30
African
States 7,364 9,579 11,397 5,431 7,120 9,531 +1,923 +2,459 +1,86G
Comoros 34 26 39 17 26 22 + 17 - + 17
9 3 _ _ + G
~~tayotte - - - -
'I'ot al 10,991 13,562 1G,228 7,462 9,130 11,696 +3,529 +4,432 +4,552 `
The percentage represent~d by the franc zone in the foreign trade of France
has improved in imports--3.5 percent in 1977 as against 3 percent in 1976,
and changed little in exports--5.2 percent against S.1 percent. -
The Ivc~ry Coast heads the list of customers: 3.2 billion French francs (up
0.8 billion over 1976), followed by Gabon: 2 billion francs (up 0.1 billion),
Cameroon: 1.6 billion (up 0.3 billion), Senegal: 1..5 billion (up 0.2 bil-
lion), and the Congo: 0.2 billion (down 0.1 billion).
The ranking as suppliers is practically identical: Ivory Coast: 3.8 billion
francs (+1.4 billion); Gabon: 1.8 billion (+0.4 billion); Senegal: 1.3 bil-
lion (+0.1 billion); Cameroon: 1.1 billion (+0.3 billion; and Congo:
0.2 billion (-0.1 billion).
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~~x c~~FLCinL vs~ oritY
Trudc ~utsid~ of th~ ~rnnr znn~, for New C~Iudon~a ~nd tha Africun cn~~n-
tric:;~ und t'nr th~ lust gtutlstiC~?1 yrur ~v~ilabl~, a~~ounts for the fnllow-
ing p~r~entuges of th~ir totui tr~de:
I'~rrent~ge n~ ~'r~de Outs~de ~he ~'~'~flC ~~n~ ~ o~ Imports ~ nf H,xrorta
New Calcddni~ (1977) G1 QJ
t~~nin (1J75) GC~ SG
tvory Co~st 60 hg
- Upp~r Volt~ (1~J76) 38 55
~iger (1976) 44 27 =
Sencgal (197G) SO QS
't'ogo (1~J7G) 64 G8
~t~li (1J7G) 3G d8
" Central Africn (1977) d4 3S
Cong~ (1J77) 39 84
f'ublic f~in~nce
'f'he Africun st~tes have made it their objectiv~, intcrnally, to imploment
~ctive budgetary polir..ies ximed at a rapid increase in inv~stments, limittng
thc increase in opernting expenses as far as possible to mere salnry adJust-
ments .
Altogetfie r, the Africun states of the franc zone had revenues in 1977
equivalent to 10.5 billion ~rench francs, or an increase of 13.8 porcent
over 19 76, imputablc essentially to the ttid given them by multinationul
organizations and countries outside thc zone.
5ince 19i,1 these resources, by s~urce, came to the following amounts in mil-
lions of ~rench francs:
19~4 1975 1976 1977
Locul public revenues 1,300 1,600 2,000 2,400
Aid �rom ~rancc 2,827 3,258 4,055 4,148
Aid from international agencics 1,470 1,653 1,SSU 1;805
Aid from various outside parties 1,380 1,490 1,590 2,110
Total 6,977 8,001 9,195 10,463
In 1977 French aid from public funds represented 3.2 billion ~nnch francs
(up U.2 billion over 1976); French private investments were estimated at
0.9 billion francs (down 0.1 billion).
llmong the international agencies, the World Bank participated in 1977 to
the extent of the equivalent of 0.8 billion French francs (+0.2 billion),
the European Development Fund and the European.Investment Bank accounted
for 0.7 billion francs (-0.1 billion), the African Development Bank 0.2 bil-
lion (+0.1 billion), and the financial funds of the Organization of Petro-
leum Cxporting Countries the equivalent of 0.1 billion French francs.
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Bud~ots af thr African Stnt~s of Cha rrnnc Z~ne
(~t1 hiilians of Ci~A CAfri~a~~ rinancial Communityj ~runrq~
1~175 197('i 1J77 1h78
genin 13.6 15.9 18.5 23
Ivory ~oast
Op~r~ting Costs ~ 12~.8 id0.2 173.2 223.2
~quipment Sd 60.1 245.1 257.2
Upp~r Volt~ ~5.1 21.1 23.1 30.6
~ig~r
Opr+';?tlttg Costs 15.3 24,3 24.7 28.6
Lquipm~nt 2.3 3.d 8 13
Senegal
Op~rating Costs 55 71 79 89
Cquipment 15.5 25 40 18
~ 'I'o go
OperAting Costs 20.9 35.8 39.9 45
~quipme:~t y.6 14 .3 15.4 15 .6
btali (billions of Malign francs) 37 49.3 56.4 61.5
Camcroon
O~erating Costs 6g.2 80.6 91 -
EquipmenL 14.8 19.4 37 -
C~ntral Africu '
Op~ruting Costs 1.5.1 16.4 17.6 19.8
Equipment 4 4.5 4.3 7
~ Congo
Opcr~ting Costs 42.7 49.4 54.9 60.3
Equipment 27.3 3 7.8 4.3
Gabon
Opcrating Costs 42.7 49.4 77.1 2U5
Equipment 107.3 134.4 178.7 37.5
Chad 19.3 15.8 16.2 -
Cer.tuin African states have been led, in order to support their development
efforts, to resort largely to external financing, thus greAtly incrcasing
their foreign debt, service on which absorbs an increasing percentage of
their receipts from exports.
`fhe 1978 budgets, compared to those of the three ~~:eceding fiscal years,
are shown in the table above.
Balance of Payments
5ince 1y75 Frar~ce's balance of payments with the franc zone has evolved as
follows: 1975, *539 million ~rench francs; 1976, -806 million; 1977,
*435 million.
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Fn~ 0~"FiCiAL US~ ~NLY '
B~lun~es o~ P~ym~nts (in billions of ~~A fran~s)
Goods ~nd Movements Overall
S~rviees df C~pital ~niance
Ivo~y Cd~st
ig~5 -51~9 +iG,s -35.4
1~J7G + 2,4 + S,4 + 7,8
P1nli (~t~li~n francs)
1~J7G -46,1 +3tl.2 -15.9
1977 -38.7 +28,6 +10.1
Cttmcroon
ly7G -33 +35.5 + 2.5
1~J77 -23,8 +23.3 - 0.5
Central Africa
197G - 9 +13.7 + 4.7
1y77 -13.1 +11.2 - 1,9
Cango
1976 -54.8 +53 - 1.8
1J77 =46.3 +42.2 - 4.1
Gabon .
1J7G +8.5 -9.3 -0.8
1977 +17.4 -62.2 -44.8
Chud
1J7G -22.1 +27.7 + S.G
1977 -30.~ +29.8 - 1.1
In wnrking out their balances o� payments th~: African states have followed
the ~ccounting methods established by the International Monetary Fund.
These documents, however, are published after a more or less long delay;
Benin, Upper Volta, Niger, and Senegal were still working on 1975 when the
report of the Monetary Committee of the Franc Zone was drawn up.
In 1997 as in 1976, Gabon shows a positive balance in its exchanges of
goods and services. The Ivory Coast, Niger, Senegal, Cameroon, and Gabon
havc continued to benefit from a flow of private investments. Foreign aid
has contributed to reduction of deficits and to showing u surplus on the
books.
The ~alsnces of payments (with the exception of the four countries mentioned
above} are shown in the table above.
Tn 1977 the foreign exchange reserves of the states included in the area of
operation of the Central Bank of the West Africar? States (Senegal, Ivory
Coast, Upper Volta, Niger, Togo, and Benin) increased appreciably: equiva-
lent of 1.5 biliion French francs at the end of the fiscal year (up 0.6 bil-
lion over the end of 1976). A reduction in Mali's deficit was registered,
the negative balance being established at 0.9 billion French francs (against
1 billion at the end of 1976).
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As for fore~gn holdings of th~ countries ~n th~ ar~~ of olieration of the
9unk of the Centrnl Afrie~n Stat~s (Cameroon, Contral Africa, Gabon~ Conko,
und Chu~), th~ir ~itut~tion hus deteriorsted ~onsidornbly--a negat:lve Ualnnc~
equlvz~l~nt to O.S billion French frnnca at the end oF 1977 as aguin~t a
:tur~~lus of 0.5 biilidn ~t th~ ~nd of 1976.
COPY~I(~1`t'; Iten~ Moreux et Cie Paris 1979
558~
cso: ~~ano
. ;
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~
ZN~Ett-AFRICAN A~FAIRS
CONFLICTTNG REPORTS ON BENGUELA RAILROAD OPERATION
Parie MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Apr 79 p 957
~Text] Angolan *rsnsportaCion and communicatiions miniater Fauat3no
Muteka confirmed the resumprion oE traFfic on Che Benguela Railroad with
2aire on 3 April~ The Angolan Ra:tlroad Campany and ite Zairian counter-
parta exchanged 25 cars of which 13, aent back by Zaire, were loaded with
manganese.
The renewed ahipment of Z:.irian minerals all the way to Lobito viA the
Benguela Railroad, announced and then denied on several occasiona, had
given riae to many calculations. A representative from the British Com-
paay, Benguela Railways, the ma~oriCy stockholder which however in fact
is controlled by the Societe generale de Belgique, eaid in London on
2 April, that this piece of news seemed rather "surprising" because that
would mean thaC the bridges damaged in recent mon~hs by the guerrillas
of UNITA [N.gtional Union for the Total Independence of Angola] have been
repaired. UNITA as a matter of fact claims credit for Che deatruction
of two bridges between Sopinde and Copeio in the province of Bie, in Che
center of Angola.
On the other hand, the operation of the railroad line encounters a cerCain
number of difficulties, auch as the insufficiency of equipment (locomotives
and freight cars) and itis poor condition. It seems finally that negotia-
tiona between AngoZa, Zaire, and Zambia, concerning conditions for the
operation of the railroad line and Che earninga due Angola, have not yet
been completed.
The tranaportation ministers of Angola= Zaire, and Zambia met at Lubumbashi
on 9 April to eacamine the problem.~ arising from the reopening of the rail-
road lines.
The Zambian daily TI1~S OF ZAI~IA, in commenting on Chis meeting, is rather
pessim~stic. "The cruel truth is," the newspaper ?.~rote on 10 April, "that
it~is the guerrillas of UNITA who keep the Benguela line closed down" and
"all summit meetings, all technical committee meetings cannot control the
~ guerrillae of UNITA."
COPYRIG~iT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1979.
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IN'rER-AFRICAN A~FAZR5
BRIEFS
NIG~RIA BACKING MPLT--Some Chadian individuals auepecC Nigeria of uaing
every posaible means to put "its candidaLes" in control of Chad. The
person who benefita from the special reporC of Lagas would be Abakar
Mohamed Aberrahman, leader of the Chadian People's Liberation Movement
[MpLT]. [Text] (Paris JEUNE AFRIQIJE in French 18 Apr 79 p 32) 9374
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ANGOJaA
BRIEFS
(3IL CONSUMPTION UP~~Accoxding to Angolan Petroleum minister Joxge Morais,
the domeaCic consumption of fuel in 1976 came eo 278,456 tons , in 1971
to 356,875 ~ons, and in 1978 to 421,106 tons. Consumption in 19~9 could
also increase by 90 percent as compared to las~ year. The miniatier re-
v~,ewed ~he communi,catione d3fficulCies which interfered with efficient
and xegul,ar fuel eupply to ~he counCry~s interior but he thought that the
situaeion has been 3mproved and tha~ it can now be conaidered eatisfactory.
Mr Jorge Moraie on ~he other hand indicated tha~ natural gas proapecting
work was continued in tihe province of Cabinda and could be completed in
1981. [Texr~ (Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Apr
79 p 957j 5058
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CNAD
BRIEFS
CLASHES IN NORTH, SOUTEI--To armH ia aCill the elogan in Chad. While the
second Kano conference wae taking place in the confuaion, and Che Nigerian
troops in charge of enforcing the cease-fire were gradually replacing the
French forces in the capital of N'D~amena, hard fighting in the north of
the country was tak~ng place between the nati.onalisC resiatance movement,
fighrers behind Mr Goukouni Oueddei, president of the Council of SGate,
and rhe pro-Libyan guerrillas of Mr Ahmed Acyl. BuC the moat aerious
events are happening in the sou~h, an area thaC is threatening to aecede.
'Phe claghes there between Chriaeians and Muslima have already caused more
Chan 10,000 deaths. [Text] [Paria JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 18 Apr 79 p 25]
9374
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GABON
IMPROVCM~NT IN 1978 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS NOTED
Par~s MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAN~ENS in French 20 Apr 79 p 1011
[Text] The National Committee on Balance of Payments of Gabon met on 4 April
1974 with Jean-Jacques Boucavel, chairman of the Economic and Social Council,
presiding in order to study Gabon's balance of payments resultd for the first
dgy of 1978.
According to the press cottmtunique released at the end of Che meeting, the
National Committee ascerCained that during Chat period Gabon's foreign trade
decrea~ed and rhe general balance of payments showed sharp improvement, with
a total deficit of 1.3 billion CFA [African Financial Community) francs com-
pared with 38 billion for Che corresponding period of 1977.
This evolution, the committee believes, shows the effects of the atabilization
pl~n instituted by the Gabonese government and results, on the one hand, from
incr~ase in the trade surplus imputable to marked reduction of expenditur~s
for imports and, on the other hand, distinct slowing of flight of short term
capital.
On the basis of figures which are still provisional,it appears this trend
conCinued into the second quarCer and for the year 1978 payments will be
nearly in balance compared wirh a deficit of 44.8 billion in 1977, the
Tdational Committee's communique concludes.
The npxt meeting of the Kational Committee on Balance of Payments will be
held at the beginning of the second half of 1979 in order to study the de-
finitive results for the year 1978.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moureux et Cie., Paris, 1979
11706
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GHANA
BRIEFS
CANADIAN WHEAT--A fourth shipment of wheat of more than 22,000 Cone, out
of ehe 100,000 tons promised to Ghana by Canada~was unloaded during the
second half of March in the port of Tema. ~his wheat is to be delivered
to the three mi11s which are ahort of raw materials: Irani Brothers and
OChers, Tema Food Complex, and Takoradi F1our Mills. It has been learned
that bread, which the people of Ghana consume in large amounts, is fre-
quently unobtainable in ~hat coun~ry and is to be found on the black
markeC. Ghana does not produce the raw material neceasary �or baking
bread and depends on shipmenta of wheat which are supplied by foreign
countries, primarily Canada. [TexC] [Paris MARCHE5 TROPICAUX ET MEDI-
. TERRANEENS in French 13 Apr 79 p 942] 5058
~ EEC DR.OUGI~T-RELATED A5SISTANCE--The EEC has ~uat granted special health
asaiaCance to Ghana to enable it to meet the difficultiea ariaing from
the 1978 drought. This aid is particularly intended for the purchase of ~
medica,tions againsC yellow fever and other contagioue diseases. [Text]
[Pari~ MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Apr 79 p 942]
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' ~ok o~~xcr~ us~ nNLY ,
GUINEA
' REASONS FOR ISMAEL TOUR~'5 nISr1ISSAL ~XArtINSD
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 25 Apr 79 No 955 pp 24-25
[Article by Sennen Andriamerado]
[F'accerpts] Gone is Comrade Ismael Toure, who was, after his broCher, master
of Guinea, only 2 weeks ago. Unexpectedly the dismissal of President 5ekou
Toure's half-brother was announced by Radio Conakry on Wednesday, 11 April,
all the more spectacularly as it was a supersession without face saving. NoC
only did Ismael Toure leave the government in which he was the minist~r in
chgrge of "financial affairs" but above all he has been excluded from Che
party's political bureau to which he had just been elected in November 1978.
This dismissal, the unanimous decision of his peers in the bureau of the
bemocratic ParCy of Guinea (PDG), was announced at the end of an extraordinary
2-day meeting solely devoted to "examination of the situation arising from
deliberate and repeated violations of the party line by one of its members,
_ namely Comrade Ismael Toure." Heaped with disgrace, he who was since 1956
Che confidant if not the right hand man of President Sekou Toure, has not
been banished or arrested like others before him. Ismael Toure has simply
been placed at the disposal of the MinisCry of Labor. Worse than condemnation,
it is a political execution.
Within the party his position seemed nermanently established. Each time re-
elected member of the political bureau he appeared the true second to his ,
brother. In charge of the prosecution during the trial of the merc~n~ries
and opponents who attempted a landing at Conakry, Ismael Toure was to remain
a kind of grand in~,uistor of the popular tribunals. Some former detainees
in Guineu prisons go so far as to state that he came personally to participate
in interrogations, reputedly not gentle. ThiQ is all the more plausible as
tlie "superminister" heading Interior and Security was also a member of the
family: Moussa Diakite, brother-in-law of Sekou Toure. All was going for
the best. At least it seemed so.
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Why, then, Ch:ig sudden disgrace? xn trurh, rhe two brothers, Sekou Toure
and Ism~e1 Toure, have had recurring disagr~emenLs. But until now, n family
council rQgularly convoked at ~'aranah has succeeded in reconciling Chem.
. Th~s rime the mechanism did noC work. Tlie o:upture seems consummgC~ and was
rreci.pitaeed ~t the end of February 1979.
Ar rhat time, 26-28 February, President Sekov Toure was p~ying ~n official
visit--his first--to Ivory Coasr. He had taken his enCire fam3ly to Yamous-
soukro, to rhe home of the Ivory CoasC president, ~'elix HouphoueC-Boigny: his
wife, son, broChers, aunt, and so on, undoubtedly impressed by Che Ivory
Coayt showcase, Ismael Toure was to return from Yamousaoukro with bitterness
in liis heart. He is said, ind~.screetly, to have drawn up the balance sheet
of r;~e old Guinea-Ivory Coast rivalry--not aC all luatrous for Guinea. Re-
proaching his broeher, the party, and the revolutiun for the economic fail-
ure, he was quickly accused of deviationiam.
In actuality Ismael Toure seems more guilty of disillusionment than of at-
tempting to effect a split within the party. Those who know him that tt~e
thin and spiriCed young man now has even physically wasted away. The bent
silhouette, the.tahitening hair, strange for an African, give Ismael Toure
the appearance of more than his 54 years. Disillusioned by the failure of
an economy of which he was in charge, he has never concealed his inclination
Coward a more liberal development path. He has even been reproached for
some "bourgeois" tastes: English cigare~tes, little liking for SovieC
vehicles... One drop caused Che pitcher to overflow: seduction by the ex-
perience of the Ivory Coast.
For all that, does this mean permanent disappearance of Ismael Toure?
Nothing can be less certain. The ways of President Sekou Toure are inscrut-
able. He has already superseded one minister and restored him. It is not
out of the question that Ismael Toure will experienc~ like rehabilitation,
unless, judging too much from the standpoint of shadowy areas of the Guinea ;
revolution, he was sa~rificed for a purpose. For himself having had a hand
� in the work he could then become the scapegoat for many failures and many
abuses.
COPYRIGHT: JeunP Afrique GRUPJIA 1979
11706
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~'Olt O~F'ICIAL IJS~ nNLY
GUIN~A
BRIEFS
POSSIBLE CORRUPTION BEHIND DISMIS5AL--Ismael Toure, half-brother of Sekou
Toure, and one of the most important politicians in Guinea, has ~usC been
removed from power by decision of the political bureau of the Democratic
Party of Guinea (PDG), ~he party's governing body, which "unanimously" ex-
cluded him from that organization as well as from the government, according
to a r~,~port by Radio Conakry on 11 April. It is still difficult ta te11,
ar the time of this writing, whether the disgrace of Ismael Toure, who used
~o control practically the entire Guinea economy by virCue of his rninister-
ial offices, will have the consequence of profound modifications i~i the
~conomic policy of Guinea. According to some observers this disgrace may
represent the triumph of the hard line of the Guinea revolution, led by
Mamadi KeiCa, minister of educaCion and culture. Nevertheless the immediate
cause of Chis disgrace seems to be related to a matter of corruption..
[Excerpt~ [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ~T MEDITERRANEENS in French 20 Apr 79 p
1002] 11706
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MALI
WEST GERMAN ~CONOMIC ASSI5TANCE DETAILED
Paris MARCHE5 TROPICAUX ~T MEDITERRANEENS in French 20 Apr 79 p 1002
[Text] The volume of public assistance to Mali from the Federal Itepublic
of Germany for Che 1979-1980 period has been fixed aC $5 million Deutsche-
mark (DM), which is about 19.550 billion Malian francs, it is sCated in.a
~oint communique made public aC Bamako on 7 Apr31 at the conclusion of 2
days of negotiations between delegations of the two countries.
"Under the heading of technical cooperation 27 million~DM, or about 6.21
billion Mal.ian francs, have been provided, mainly intended for financing
developmenr pro~ects: the Sevare-Gao highway, reforestation of the Kayes
region, equipping the Koulikoro Naval shipyard, expanding exploitation of
phosphate at Bourem, study of various mining and industrial pro~ects, and
providing scholarships for university and vocational study."
The communique adds that "under the heading of financial cooperaCion 56
= million DM, or about 12,88 billion Malian francs, have been provided for:
financing the pro~ected second cement plant in Mali; the fourth line of
credit of Che BDM (Malian Development Bank); procuring ships; water supply
for the city of Kati; and additions to the water treatment system of Bamako.
"The sum of 2 million DM, or about 460 million Malian france, has been al-
loted to a projected center for training young girls, within the scope of .
improving the status of women.
"Within the scope of multilateral cooperation, the German delegation confirmed
the Federal Republic of Germany's participation in financing the Manantale
Dam (Organization for Development of the Senegal River [OVMS]) to the extent
of 168 million DM, which amounts to about 38.18 billion Malian Francs."
The definitive negotiated documents were signed by Alioune Blondin Beye,
Minister of foreign affairs and international cooperation, on behalf of Mali,
and by Dr Hans Martin Schmidt, counselor to the federal ministry of economic
cooperation, on behalf of Germany.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1979
11,706 22
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rOK nF~ICtAL US~ hNLY
NAMINIA
BRi~~S
pOLi't'iCAL PI2I50N~R5--Mr Jimmy Kruger, South Africnn minister of Police~ Justice,
a~nJ Prisons, recently told thc Cape Parliament that S3 Namibian political pri-
soners nre bQing detnlnQd in the Roben tsland prison off of the Cape. Among
the prfsoners is the founder of SWAPO, r1r Hermnn Toivo Ja Toivo, The U,N,
settlem~nt p1~n for Namibt~ c~11$ for the relense of Namibian political pri~on~r~.
[TextJ (Pnris DtA~CIi~S '('~OPICAUX ET M~bI'f~RaAN~~NS in French 23 Feb 7g r S29] ~782
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,
a ~~k QF'M' IC i t1~, tl3tti hvLY
xxon~saa
FR~NCIi DEPUTY JACQUES ~~RON ON FAIRNESS OF E~EC'CIONS
Psri~ VALEUttS AC~UELLES in French 30 Apr 79 pp 30-31
[Interviaw wi.th neputy from P~ris Jacque~ Feron by Mtchel Gurfinkial,
pluc~a ~ad dat~ unknawnj
`~ex~ ~uestior~ Hoa maqy foreign observers partioipa~ted in ths Rhod~sian
elec tion? ?
~Matre] Ttiro hundred pers~ns ~ including approximately SO peucliamsntarians ~
There were a 1ot of Americans~ E~rope ti+as repr~sented by aeveral ~ri~Eieh,
some F~ench~ some Belgians~ etc. I alsd noted the preaence of blaak Afri-
cans--ang].ophonea or francophones--Nigeriane, Maruitians~
Four French parliamentarians agreed to meet there~ Loula ~a1].e, the RPR
deputy from Loireti Roger Fosse~ th~ RPR deputy from 3eine-Maritimej Dr
Maurice Tissandier~ the UDF deputy f5com 1'Indreg.
The fir~t day I visited a d~~en po11s in Salisbu~y a?nd on the outskirte of
the capital. Then I xent to the other end of the count,ry to Chi~edzi~ near
the Mo~ambique border~ a rather diatwrbed region xhere terrorist infiltxa-
tions are frequent.
~uestio~ Was the rate of participation the same everyxhere?
~nsxe] Nearly so. The people came to vote in croada. There xere xaiting
linea 200 meters long in front of the polla. In the streets the different
bl~ck parties advertised, African style. They danced, sang, aavcsd flags~ ,
streamers and portraits. No violence.
E~h~n ae asked people at~y they xere vot,ing, there uas alxays the oame anaxers.
"~e have ha,d enough ti+ar. Theae electlons a,t~e xhat xe have alxays Nanteds
one main, one vote--ma3ority rule."
~uestion> No preasurc: on the population to make them vote?
No pressure. Security measures uere taken ag.:inst possible terrorist raids,
but people voted or did not vote as they xished. In certain regions Nhere
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;
Fh?~ c1F't' iC ~ t~l, t?5h nNi.Y
~h~ ~~hnia group of Nkomo~ on~ of tha two t~rror~~t ch~.~f~~ p~edominate~~
th~ ~~te of participation was v~ry ~ow~
~uestio~ Aft~r ~h~ electian on~ of ~h~ four m~mber~ of the Rhod~aian
~xecutive dirsatory~ Ministsr Sithole~ f~lt that "gross ir~c'a8ulari~ies"
had been aommitt~d~
[~Answel Z m~t Rever~n~d Sitnol~ in SaZisbury. A firg~ c18s8 polS~ioian~
H~ i~ entitl~d to hi~ atat~m~n~e~ All tho voting operat,~ona that I uas abl~
to cbs~rv~ were mark~d by ~egulari~y and dignity~ Yot@rs from d i f
f~r~n t
political group~ 8ax to it tha~E eaoh voter wen~E through the polling bo~th
and that hia envelo~ xas rtell aealed~
~ueation_] But mar~yr black vot~rs are illiterat.e.
~ ~nsx~) Next to the ini~.ials of the political ~roupa~ the ballots algo
had a more or lesa ~tyli~~d embl~m~ The voter understood perfectly aell
whom h~ uas vo~ing for~ A~cording bo the conversations ahich xe were
able to have her~ and there Biehop Mu�orexa's party prevailed completely '
over the other groups in the people's hearts~
~uestion] But these voters who voted for the first time were not regie-
tAred on aTMy voting liat. Noa wa.s thia handled?
~MsNe~ Each voter Kas "spon$ored" by members of his village or hia tribe~
rrtio c~rtified that h~ was indeed Rhodesian and that he xas tsuly the requ3red
minimum age. Dur~ng the voting~ additional precautions xere taken. Befor.e
sliding his ballot into the bal.lat box~ the citi~en placed his right hand
under a special lamp. If no spot appeared this meant tha+. the voter had
come for the first time. But sometlmea the index finger appeared xhitei
a sign of fraud and doubSe voting. In fact, after voting each voter xas
req,vired to xet his finger in a colorless 13quid xhich left an indelible
mark under such lighting.
I wet n~y osm finger the first day and tested it several times the next day
and the day after that. The me.rk remained. It seemed that this more or
less phosphorescent c~ye lasts fivR ds:~y~.
I xillingly swnmarized u~y sentiments and those of most uf the other foreiEln
"obs~rvers" in a single phrases as far as democracy is concerned~ the
Rhodesian elections are quite as good as those of many other countries.
I am convin~sed that they mark the beginning of an era of tranquility and
3ustice for the state of Zimbabxe-Rhodesia.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 "Yaleurs t3ctuelles"
9380
CSO: 4400
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r0[t O~~~CIAL USC~ ONLY
3~N~GAt,
~
IMPROV~D ECONOMIC pROSt~~CTS FOR 1979 NOT~D
Parie MARCHES TROPiCAUX ET MEDITERRANE~N3 in French 20 Apr 79 p 999
C'C~xe~ In our i~~ue No 1742 dat~d 30 March we publi~h~d a cond~n~~Cion ~f
n gignifican~ epeech by Pre~ident Leopold Sedar 8enghor on 23 March befor~
eh~ S~n~~~1~se Economic and Social Council, in which h~ get t~rth broad
~conomia nri~nCaCione which atie proj~ct~d for S~negal. B~low w~ h~ve pre-
p~r~d an ~n~lysis of th~ overell ~conc~mic ~ituation of th~ country, n~
~~~n through the expos~ of the Chief of S~at~.
`The t.g per~~nt ~~tbeck indic$e~d in th~ 1978 ~ro~g domestic production i~
ascribed primarily to the decline of tt~e agricultural production, due to
the 1977 dnught. The indu~trial sector wa~ affected by eh~ poor quality
oE thc peenut seeda delivered to the oi1 mi11s.
~oreign commerce was atrongly influenced by the brutal drop, without
precedent, in the exportation uf peanut produc~s which only amounred to
21 billion CFA in 1978, or a luss of aome 40 billion as compared to ~
normal year. Other exports held their own: shipments of phoaphaCes were
stable, with Eis~hing and n~nufMCtured producta showing a 5 percent increase.
In opposition, overall imports decrpAapA hv Ah~~~r 10 percent, thus sig-
niEicgntly reducing the importFnt exch~nge deficit, which, however, ig
still asgessed at 70 billion CI'A.
In regard to the budget plan, the general budget Af the 1977-1978 fiscal
year wag carried intn effect in a satisfactory manner, with much higher
r~venues than th~ 98 billion CFA anticfapted. Current expense$ were con- ,
trnlled and a budgetary saving of about 10 billion was noted. Cogts for
eqaipment were appreciably reduced to 8.3 billion. Finally, the execution
of the operating and equipment budgets was balanced by means of a 4.6
billion CFA surplus.
HoWever, the self-governing sirking fund and many public establishments
ghow a deficit, especially the Equalization and Price Stabilization Funds
which, having absorbed the faro~ers' debts and cattle rescue, show a finnn-
cial imbalance of 6 billion CFt?.
26
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FOR O~FICtAL US~ dNLY
fmpr~v~d Prn~p~ce~ f~r 197~
At ehc ~~r~~acnt eimr praHp~eC~ for ].~7~ ~r~ imprdv~~d, wt~h pr~vis~ionH nf nnr.
mill.iun tdn~ o~ pc~i~nut~, 127,000 tont~ ~E rt4~, gdll,UUO ron~ dC mi11~t
(r~GOrJ f3gure), 4~,000 ton~ oE eorn ~nd 4~,000 ton~ of cottons~ed, an
~~timaC~ which m~y be glightly Ch$ng~d a~nnsequence nf thQ nbndrm~l
r~infell Ernm Novembpr ].~7g eo Jnnuary 1979. Approprine~ m~a~ures wi11
~lyd hnv~ tn b~ eak~n ea r~m~dy tihe high p~rnentug~ of ucidity in th~
c~rucl~ n.t1t~ c~nd the moigtur~ i.n rh~ nil-rgk~~.
Th~ rrgumption nf ~xporration of p~nnue producCg wi11 ~id in Ch~ progr~~sivc
reCnv~ry o� ehe ~quilibrium of ehe ~omm~rcial balance.
Now~ver, the publir Einances will only benefit parCiglly from Che re~uml~t:tnn
of ~cnnnmic act~tvity. It ig nat likely rhat the foreeeeable lncrease in
Ei~~~l r~v~nu~~, b~ginning in th~ second semearer of 19~9, wi11 be suf-
fi~i~ent rd cnmpeng~t~ fnr eh~ 1o~se~ r~~ulein~ from the 1978 drought and
et~e abndrmnl rginfall which occurred dur3ng thege pagt few monthg. Thug,
nusC~rity remaing the rule.
'~h~ nntionnl indu~eries mugC bene�it tn the uCmo~t from th~ reeumptinn dC
domegti~ demand. Thp textile br~nch is l~aking much b~tter ~lready. Morc-
nv~r, ~ morp pxtpngive credit policy ~nd flexible banking practices nr~ in-
surin~ fnvorable financing conditions to producerg; in particular, the
~ec~sqibiliey to credit for small and medium enterprises has become much
euster. ,
tn cnn,junction wit}i the resumption of industri~l r~rCivity, the public
:wtf~orities plan to take Control of import policies, which without r~-
turninb to proteetionigm, will draw it~ inspiration from the simplifica-
tion of procedures in tlie non-sensitive sectors and establiah full and
precisc credit and import directives, comprising a system of import sur-
veillance permitting necessary ad~ustments to be made ~t the�oppoxtune ?
time; the president attaches apecial importance to the measures which will
f~vor tt~e gubstitution of local products for imported products. The case
of mill~t is significant; its transformation into semolina and the in-
corporation of millet meal in the mgnufacture of bread~ are desirable.
The re~ultg obtair~ed in the public finance rehabilitation reforms are
still insufficient. Constr~ining measures will be enacted obliging ttie
central admini.stration to transfer a part of their credits to the regions.
~'his yenr th~ cnsts of the equipment will again be limited to a modest
volume ceiling, and projects financed by foreign aid will receive priority.
Inversely, administrative investments and financial participation by the
staCe, will be strictly restricted. Recourse tu borrowing will be closely
controlled and comprehensive agreements covering a period of less than 10
years, made available to the equipment budget, will not exceed 5 billion CFA
in 1979. Finally, the endorsement of the state will be granted only in
accordance with a much stricter procedure and this curb in indebtedness
will have to be continued in 1980. 5engal still has at its disposal the
'l7
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FOR OF~ICIAL US~ ONLY
rMc~ uxc~h~ng~ v~lue nf r~ng dL billinng CFA unus~d in prpviau~ fore~.~n
financing ~greemenC~. `I'h~~~ ~vuilabia fund~ wi11 ba us~d progressiv~ly
in et~c ~xecution of variou~ dev~lopmenC pro,~QCtg ~nd rh~ g~arch for
~ddieinnal foreign conCributiona wi]1 rumsin i.n nbeyance,
AdminlH~ratinn of rhe t~ubtin gnd Pern-I~ublic S~cror to b~ More Auat~r~
' Thc~ publ3c ~nd para-public ~ector mugt ~l~o be adminieCered wiCh au~rerit,y.
A~ignif~,canC financi~l conrrol pro~r~m h~s been ~~eabiighed wich rhe
uggi~r~nc~ of Che World B~nk. ONCAll (Narional OfEic~ of Co~pernrion and
Ag~i~tnnc~ Eor Uevelopm~nC), SA~D (Company for th~ bevelopm~nC nnd Ex-
plniearion ~f Che De1ta). OPT (Postal and Telecommunicatione Office),
OttT5 (Senegnl Itadio and Tel~vision Off3ce), the port of Daknr, SICAP
(Cnp~ Verde ~eal ~state Company), SONACnS (National CompAny for the Com-
mcrcializaeion of Oleaginous ProducCion in Senegal), SOMIVAC (The CasamanC~
Explo~tc~tion Company), have been the ob~ect of Chorough invearigations in
r~gard ro Cheir ~ccounting reliability, financ~al adminisrration and
ecdn~mic performanc~. Whilp ~everal of th~~e organizations appegr to b~
prnp~rly administered and fulfill Ch~ economic development and public
~~rvic~ missions entrust~d to them cnrrecCly, iC w~a confirmed Chat some
of the other enterprises, due to lack of organizetion and iayaCem, hnvc
ln:it complete cn~trol of their financinl and accounting ndministraCion,
nr,e ignoring their true birthright end live on bank overurafte, which the
. stntr will liave Co gudit some day. '
In tt~e monthg to com~ many establishmenCs wi11 be the ob~ect of reorg~niza-
tton and sanctions will be taken and applied.
The ~ap which wgs ascertained at the financial and accounting level in some
publir drganizations ~ustifies the esCablishment of a higher achool of
administraCion.
Moreover, the cost of operating the regional development companies, added
to those of ONCAD and the regional services of the Ministry of Rural De-
velopmenC, have reached the allowable maximum. This question is even more
preoccupying since some of these establiahments, financed at the present
rime by foreign aid, will, in the future, have to assume their operating
costs from their own resources. A limitation on soliciting is imperative.
ONCAD has already embarked on the modifications introduced Chis year ns
regard~ the financial connectiona existing between that company, on the one
hand, and SONACOS and the equalizing F'und on the other. The new apparatus
whict~ has been installed permits ONCA~D to know its manufacturing costs
uccurately and to abide by them.
Since 1974 the policy of prices and revenues has been based on the concept
of stability; the purchasing power of the fat-mer and the salaried worker
has been preserved. However, maintaining this stability in an inflationary
trend gives riae to a number of problems, all the more delicate since the
Sengalese economy is a wide-open door to the outside. Between the pursuit
of the wage and price control policy on the one hand, and the application
28
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100064406-8
~O[t OFFICIAL U5~ nNLY
of tti~ pur~ and ~~mpl~ pc~licy of "pric:~ eruth" on ~h~ o~h~r, ~n ~nC~r-
rt~~dl~et ~olurion mu~t b~ Eound.
Acronym~ Ug~d
nNCAU (N~rion~l Office for A~~igtanc~ snd CnopQr~tion Eor t~velopnx~nti);
qttTS (5engnl~ge ttgdto ~nd Tel~vi~idn dffic~); SA~U (Dev~lnpm~nt ~nd ~x-
p1~iCution ~f ~h~ U~~t~ C~mpany); SICAp (C~p~ Verde Ren1 Egt~te Gompany);
5dC~5 (S~nguleg~ C~aned t~bdd CompBny); SOD~l1P (Company fnr th~ Developm~nt
nf grc~~ding in the sylv~n-p~~tor81 zone); SO~IS~DIT (S~n~~l~~p I'inancial
Cump~ny fnr th~ t~ vclopmet~r of Indusery and Touri~m); SOMIVAC (Casam~nc~
Lxhldtturion Company~; Sn~AC05 (Natinnnl Cnmp~ny for the Commernializ~Cion
ot ol~riginnus production in 5enegal); SON~1'I (Nxt~.onal Company fnr SCudicH
~nd Industrial Prnmotion); SOTRAC (Cnpe Verde Joine Transporention Comp~ny).
Gd~YRIGN~': Rene Moreux et Cie P~rie, 1979
7g9~
CSd: 440~
~
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~OR Ul~'~ICIAL USf~ dNLY
~ UGANnA
CdNf~U5ION, ; CONTRAnIC'~ORY I2UMOR5 PR~VAIL
I~uris MAItCI1LS TnOpICAUX ~T MEDiTER~ANEENS in French 30 Mar 79 p g22
(Articlc; "Confusion fi Contr~dictory Rumors"]
~ [Text~ '~1i~ situ~tion in Uganda wns completely confused at the beginning of
the wcek. 'Che most contraJictory rumors were emerging about the position of
the rebel forc~s, a possi6le coup attempt, and the whereabouts of Presfdent
idi Amin bada himself.
Itadio Uganda announced that the road between Kampala and Cntebbe intern~tion~l
~irport had been cut by opposition forces ~nd stated that Marshal Amin was
_ l~lock;?de~ .in the airport with ~ handful of loyalists. T'he airport is reported
to hnve boen ciosed to ~ntern~tional flights on 25 March. This was soon denied,
:ind, in ;~ny evcnt, the c:ity was put under curfew.
Acc:orclin~ to other reports, the pres ident was said to have taken refuge in Aruri,
his n7tivc town in th~ northern part of the country, or even to have fled U~ancla.
'fhis w;is denied by his radio station, which also said he was, "at the front,
busy fighting the Tanzanian aggressors, the mercenaries and Uga*~dan traitors."
These contradictory reports reflect the seriousness of the situation as well uti
well as the unpredictability of official Ugandan communiques, but one fact
emerges in spite of everything: the rebels have advt~nced at least as far as
htpigi, while the loyalist troops are obviously unable to stop their offensive
for thc moment.
1n this context, it is appropriate to mention the ultimatum Libya nas sent to
Tanzunia, calling on Tanzania to remove its troops from Uganda, to which Pre-
sident Nyerere answered, "Tanzania's position regarding Uganda will not be
changed." He summoned his fellow citizens to "tighten their belts still more,"
nnd predicted that the war would become "even more serious."
L�lsewhere, the various opposition groups are said to have unified under a Libcra-
tion Committee that is supposed to be located shortly in a liberated zonc in
the southwestern part of the country. This committee is chaired by a former
30
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i
~OEi nFFICIAL USi~, ONLY ~
_ v.l u~~~ cl~rii~uc 1 I nr c~f' t~l~c~ lin i vurti I ty ~I' ~1;ikerorc~, h1r Yiiwiit'u I~u I t~, nncl 1 w~a I~I
t~ bu nisulu u~~ ot' ?i ~Ic~zrn membur:~ ropr~~cntin~; ruther elivr.r;~~ buc;kgrounds,
Amnn~ them urc repnrted rn ba Colonel 'I'ito Ok~l1o, whn wFia n ma,~or bofor~
the 1971 coup, a form~r ministor of ~r~sidant Amin, ~nd both supporters ~nd
opponent~ of the former head ~f state, Mr Milton Qboto,
It shauld bo noted thut Dir Obote himself is, however, not ~mong them,
COpYItiGIPt'; ttene Moreux et Cic, P~ris 1979 .
8782
CSO: 4411U ~
J
~
I
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~OR dl~'CICIAI, USE t~NLY
r
U(~ANDA
BRIEFS ~
NLi~J ~U(~ANDA TZMES'--The new Ugandan (~overnrnen~ decided to rename the 3n-
formation daily of Ic~i Ami.n's regime, VOZCE OF UC~ANDA, to UOANDA T]MFS.
In ~,ts fi.ret :tasue published 17 April the newspaper devoted its editorial
to ~ dentmciation of the "demon Amin, destroyer o~ Uge~nda" and to an
1.nvitation to al.l the inhabiten~s of the country to conaider a better
flZture which wiL1. open up 'for tihem from now on. The edito~ial. wrl.ter i$
Paul Waibale, formerly in charge of the eports column at VOICE OF t1~ANDA.
He replaced Oman Naser who was of the same e~hnic group as the ~x-Marshal
and who has f1ed. ~extJ [~raris MARC~S TROPrCAUX ET MEDI'rEKRANEENB in
~ench 2'~ APr 79 p io737
SHIIZING REVAI,UED--The new Ugandan Governm~ent daily UGANDA TTMES indicated
on 2d April that the country's shil.l.ing which formerly had parity with
tha.t of Kenye, and of Tanzania, would henceforth be exchanged at the rate
or iao .eor 8 Kenyan ahillinga. Moreover, becauee of many yeara of smuggling,
ttiere is more U~andan money outside the country than within it~ Sam
Sebugereka, mtnister of econo~, finance, and planning in the Lule govern-
ment, did not hide the fact that the foreign exchange had decreeaed, and he
announced that priority would be given to reeatablishing the currency.
He also f,tressed that Uganda has three essential assets: copious natural
resource~~ fertile soil, and ample manpower. ~ext~ ~Pa-r�1s MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Apr ?9 p 107
CSO: 4400
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