JPRS ID: 8485 TRANSLATIONS ON WESTERN EUROPE

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I-UK UI-I-it,1~IL U5k Uir~Y
,TpRS L/g485
30 May 1979
TRANSLATIONS ON WESTERN EUROPE
(FOUt~ 31/79)
.
U. S. JOINT PUBLIC~?TIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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- JPRS L/8485
30 May 1979 -
TRANSLATIONS ON WESTERN EUROPE -
cFOOO s~/~9)
CONTENTS PAGE ~
EUROPEAN PAR,LIAM~~;NT EL~CTIONS
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ~
Status of Voting Rights of Non-Resident Worlcers
(CORRIERE DELLA SERA, 23, 2Lt, 25 Apr 79) 1
Belgium: Soc3.alist Ma3ority Predicted,
by Renato Ferraro
Germany: Statistical Data, by Sandro Scabello
. France: ~Anger, Indiffere~ce~, by Mino Vignolo
ITALY
Collaboration of Autonomous Ethnic Groups Prones Difficult
(Dario Fertilio; COR.RIERE DELI,A, SERA, 11 Apr 79) 11
COUNTRY SECTION
F'RANCE
Foreign Affairs Minister Francois-Poncet Interviewed
(Jean Francois-Poncet Interview; PARIS MATCH, 27 Apr 79) 15
ITALY
tlational Election Focuses on Role of PCI
(IL CORftIERE DEI,I,A SERA, vari.ous dates) 17
_ Corranunists in Election, Government, by
Gianfranco Piazzesi
Pannella Dreams of 40 Percent of Vote,
Marco Pannella Interviex
PanneZla Spells It Out, Marco Pannella Interview
Two-Party System in Italy, Claudio Signorile Interview
, ~iacaluso: Ma~jority in Nation, F~r?anuele Macaluso Interview
Democratic Security, Valerio Zanone Interview
- a - [III - WE - 150 FOUO~
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CONTENTS (Cont3nued~ Pe~e
Le�t 3peaulates on Formulation of poat-Slectir,~-, ~overnment
(CORRIERE DELI~A SERA, 23, 27 Apr 79) 33 _
Bettino Craxi--Socialist Party, by Luigi Bianchi
Achille Occhetto--Communist Party, by Lu3gi Bianchi
PCI Struggles To Maintain Previous Electoral (}ains
(aaetano Scardocchia; CORR'[ffitE DELI.A SERA,
26 Apr 79) 37
PSI: Poorly-Defined Alternative Electoral Programs; a~ais �
(aa~tano Scardocchia; CORRIERE DELLA SERA,
5 May ?9) L~1. .
Stuc~yr Shows Risk of Blackout Next Winter
(Franco Vergnano; IL SOLE-24 ORE, 26 ppr 79) 45
~
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~U[tOp~AN PAItLIAMENT ~L~CTIONS INTERNATZONAL AF'F'AIRS
STATUS OF VOTING RIGHTS OF NON-RESIDENT WORKERS
Belgium: SocialisC Majority Predicted _
Milan CORRIERE DELLA SERA in Italian 23 Apr 79 p 7
[Article by Renato Ferraro: "Belgium--VoCing Fever in 'Little ICaly "'j
[Text] The date is drawing near: on 10 June, people are
going to vote to elect the European Parliament. For the
_ first Cime, our fellow citizena, who live abroad, will not
- have to return to Italy, to their ~:.�intries of origin,
to cast their ballo~:. They will have tc--or they should--
do sg but to present their preference in the "political"
. elections of 3 June. What do these dates mean for our
fellow citizens who work beyond the Alps? What is -the
meaning of"Europe?" In these pages we are beginning a fact-
finding trip to the little homelands of Italians abroad.
Brussels. For the first time the emigrants, second-class citizens, will be
able to vote. "We do not expect miracles from the European elections,"
says Achille Stefanoni, a factory worker in Brussels, summarizing the thinking
of the ma3ority of his fellow ciCizens, "but it is important that we are
at last allowed to vote in our place of residence, without having to make
an expensive trip to Italy that is almost impossible for everybody. Who
knows, some day perhaps we might be able to elect our own Italian parliament
from abroad, as the French and the Spaniards, for example, are already
doing." Among the 286,000 Italians living in Belgiwn, potent�ial voters
number about 210,000; it is expected that more than half of the~ will go �
to the polls on 10 June, Co participate in the high-level European voting.
The judgments of the emigrants concerning Italian turnout are generally
critical if not negative but on that occasion our fellow citizens praise
the efficiency of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the consulates
(with one small exception for the one at Liege) in the organization of the
- European voting. "This is the first time s~e have been called upon to
prepare elecCions abroad," said the Italian consul at Brussels, Umberto �
Lucchesi-Palli. "This has not been an easy job but the result is satisfactory."
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- How are Chese people going Co vote in practice7 "The emigrants wi11 vote
in the Belgian election sections b~~t in a room reservcd for the Italians.
7'he chairmen at rhe polling places wi11 be Ie~ligns, nppninted by the chieC
- ~ustice of Che ltom~ CourC of Appeals, according Co IC~lian legislaCion,
~pon indication from the consulates, and Che tellera wi11 be designated
by Che political parCies. Propaganda will be handled according to local
standards. To use the mass media, the parties will have to associate with
Belgian brother parties; the socialists and the Christian Democrats in-
eviCably will have an advantage.
The consul-general in Charleroi, Ernesto Rech, is also satisfied: "The
Italians are very much interested in these elections because this is the
first time they can vote and Chey aC last feel equal to the Belgiana."
ErCore Anselmi, managing editor of ehe weekly IL SOLE D'ITALIA, expects
as much as 70 percent voter tur.r.~ut.
As far as the voter CurnouC in Italy on 3 June is concerned, Anselmi is
pessimistic: "During the last legislative elections, in 1976, only 6 percent
of the voters residing in Belg3um came back and this verymeager result was
attained only thank~ to the efforts of Che ma~or parties that organized
free trips. This time, given Che coincidence with the European elections,
abstention will certainly be bigger." Hoca will the emigranCs vote? "In
general we can say that 35-40 percent of our workers in Belgium are pro-
socialist and will vote for the PSI [Italian SocialisC Party] or the PSDI
[Italian Social Democratic Party]; 25-30 percent are Christian Democrat;
_ and 7-12 perc~nt are communist."
[There are 286,000 Italians residing abroad. They will not
have to return to their hometowns to ~asti their ballots. That
is the first thing that is new; and thi.s novelty is considered
an~ "advance"; "Who knows, some day we might also be able to '
vots for both Houses in Rome from atiroad."] '
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MINATORI OPERAI RISTORAIDRI IMPIEGATI PENSIONATI ;~",~r~;~t~ ~~~~~,~``~?.~M~~~`~;;,~,
The first Italian emigranCs arrived in Belgium before World War II buC the
big waves did not come in until after the war and during the fifties, to
work in the mines. Today the Italians n~anber about 286,000 (in the little
box above, with the symbols of inen, we indicate the concentrations in terms
of sQCial status). Our community achieved good social advancement and there
are more and more individuals among the Italian laborers who are skilled
workers, technicians, white-collar employees, businessmen, and professional
men, especially among the young people of the second generation born abroad.
There are many Italian restaurants. Quite a few among Chose who go into
retirement stay in Belgium to remain with their children.
Key: 1--Miners; 2--Laborers; 3--Restaurant operators; 4--White-collar
~nployees; S--Retirees; 6--Low countries; 7--Antwerp; 8--Brussels; 9--Germany;
10--France; 11--Luxembourg. ~
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Germany: StAt3atical Data
M11an CORRIERE DELLA 5ERA tn Italian 24 Apr 19 p 6
(Articte by Sandro Scabello: "The BitCerness of the Itnliane in Germany"] i
[~xcerpts~ Our fellow citizens, who live under very pre-
carious human and aocial conditiona, are facing the '
voting with conflicting attitudes. There are those who ;
_ feel 'that " everything is useless hecatiae the politiciana ~
always do what they want." And there are those inatead ;
who are convinced that Chey can bring about a double i
.change with Cheir ballots: because of their status as I
emigrants and because of the relatives they left at ~
home. There is much ill will toward the Germans and `
toward Rome. j
They came fram the Italian consulate at Frankfurt to explain to us what Che ;
election of the European parliament will mean. Many frequently h~ard the ~
word "democracy" and thought that Che speaker was making propaganda for the ,
Christian DemocraCs and Chey therefore challenged him. They know little ~
or nothing about the 10 June elections. In general they prefer not to talk
about them and, if you pressure them, they reply angrily, downing Italy and
the "politicians in Rome." ~
A young metal worker from Sardinia, married to a German waman and, in apite
of his degree, forced to work in the assembly line, said: "Before we feel as '
Europeans we would like to feel as Italians. A untted, democratic Europe '
and the European parliament are nice things but we are convinced Chat many ;
- things are being done in Rome only so that they can tell us: now you are I
Europeans, you are no longer Italians. And that way they eliminate even the
- last scrouples. But we are and remain Italians and we want actively to ~
participate in Italq's life even though we live abroad. How? They should at ;
least give us the basic right to vote; Chey should enable us to vote here
in the political elecCions. Perhaps the importance of the European elections ~
is beyond us; perhaps we do not understand their significance; but we are
only too familiar with problems in Italy. We experience them every day i
very personally. So long as we cannot vote, we will remain third-class
citizens." Everybody nods in agreement and the discussion becomes very
lively. They hurl invective, accusations, protests. This is an outburst of ;
love-hate toward "the Italy that has betrayed them" but it is still our
country.
~
;
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On the map, the arrows point to the cities in Ge~any where Italian emigrants
are concentrated. In the box in the upper right-hand corner, we can see
the six main employment sectors in which our Italian fellow citizens found
~obs; 33 percent of the Italians in Germany are under the age of 35; the
youngest are more unioniz~d than their faChers and Chey are very busy
learning German which is considered a tool in self-advancement.
Key: 1--Steel workers; 2--Constructin workers; 3--RestauranC operators;
4--Metal workers; S--Electrotechnicians; 6--Chemical workers [chemistsJ;
7--Denmark; B--Holland; 9--France; 10--Czechoslovakia, 11--Bremen; 12--
Hamburg; 13--Lower Saxony; 14--Westphalia; 15--Cologne; 16--Rhineland;
17--Hesse; 18--Frankfurt; 19--Palatinate; 20--Stuttgart; 21--Freiburg;
22--Bavaria; 23--Munich.
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cl~ ' Eh9~ORA110~~~ SYRA~~IERA I~~ OER~yAl~IA ~
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(.2)�~u'~~ T0~
ALE (1ecq~p. ~ ~cerNU C4~oitoccup~r j -
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r6~ TweM 60e,000 1.t00.000 ~.5;000 ~
~ ,lupoilavl ' ~0,000 d30.000 1d,000 ~
r~ M1diuy . Za0,000 600.000 Z1,000 ;
; 8 Gnel ' 160,000 320.000 7,000 i
~ 9 sp.pnou . ~~,ooo zoo.oo0 4.000 ~
, . . ~
:
(lo pROVE~Irf~~A '(13) CEWStCti~E~1T0 PER ETA' ~
(11 Sicllis 75.000 AI di sotto dei sei anni (14) . ' S6.~00 (
C~lab~is 40.Od0 Dai 6 ai 10 anni .(15) 37.000
Puplia 37.000 Dai 10 ai 15 anni ' 38A00
Campania 33.000 Dai 15 ai 18 anni ~ 24,000
~ 12 Sard~gna 32.000 Oai 18 ai 21 anni ~ ~ . ~ ~ ; ~ 35,000
Vsneto . 14.000 Dal 21 ai 35 anni ' � ~ 190,000
Trontino ~ 11.OG0 Da( 35 ai 45 anni ' 91.000
Basllicata ' 9.000 Oai 45 ai 55 anni ~ 56.Q00 i
F~lull ~ 7.000 ' . 1
' Lazio e Abrual 6.500 Da155 ai 65 anni ~15 27.0?0 ~
i
, , , . ~
~
~16 OCCUPATO IT~LIA~11 PER P~t~JCIPAII SETT0~1 DI I"~PIEGO `
� ' : . ~ . . 1972 ~ 1978 1 ~Tl ;
C17 ) Ag~ICOltura � pescs 4.250 ' 2.450 2.700
(18) Edilizla, . � . . . � 89.900 35.2Q0 , 34.000
~ 19 ~ Commercb 21.800 15.T50 15.500 i
, ,
~20~ . ,a, . ~ chlmtco 19.000 10.600 18.800 ~
~ 21~ : ol~ttrotecnico 25.500 ~ 19.200 19.300
22 , TRASFORMAZfONE ~utomobilistiao 23.850 22.450 23.800 ~
~243 , macchine ~ 25.900 14.500 1.1.700 ~
~25~ ; tss;rtP 2~.3C~ ~~.t:;, ~i.u~~
� (26) aide~urpico 52.000 39.500 39.200
. � � �
( 2 7~ Fe?rovl~ 5.900 4.600 4.300 ;
( 28~ Alb~rghl � altrl servizi 26.750 32.900 34.700 ~
1 . - - ~
� ' I
i
[See key on following page] ~
,
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[Key to chnrC on preceding page]
Key: 1--Foreign emigrants in Germany; 2--Employed; 3--Tota~. (employed,
unemployed, chi~.dren, and houaewifes); 4--Unemployed; S--Turks; 6--Yugo-
slavs; 7--Italy; 8--Greece; 9--~paniards; 10--Origin; 11--Sicily; 12--Sardinia;
' 13--Age breakdown; 14--Under the age of 6; 15--From to years; 16--
Italians employed per main employment secCors; 17--Agriculture and fishing;
18--Buil~i3.ng construction; 19--Commerce; 20--Chemical; 21--Electrotechnical;
22--Processing; 23-~-AuComobile~;� 24--Machinery; 25--Textiles; 26--Steel;
21--Railroads; 28--Hotels and other services.
France: 'Anger, Indifference'
Mi1an CORRIERE DELLA SERA in ICalian 25 Apr 79 p 6
[Article by Mino Vignolo: "The Indifferent Italians in France"]
[ExcerpCa] In the North and the South, in the citips and
in Che small towns, the vote does not trigger any hopea
among our fellow citizens. "The French will remain
French, the Italians will remain Italians, and we will
remain ~ust poor emigrants." The situation has improved
but there is sfii11 job discr~mination and not all school
diplomas and degrees are recognized. "Ninety percent are
not registered with the union." Few will return for the
political elections.
Paris. ~t wnuld be wrong to say that the twin vote next June is being
anticipated with anxiety or hope by Italian emigrants who live in France.
Feelings range from powerless anger to Cotal indi~ference and they do not
change from the mining country in the north to the sunny south and the
Mediterranean, from the big cities to the little Cowns. The reactions
which are produced among our fellow citizens by words such as "European
parliament" or "early political elections" cannot and do not deserve hei~ng
simply dismissed as very easy labels of Qualunquism." That would mean that
they did not understand anything. Bitteir_p~s and pesimism can be 3ustified;
those are people who suffered the drama of poverty and abandornnent on their
own hides although they were lucky enough to find a host country that was
"friendlier " than many others. On a trip through areas with the heaviest
Italian emigration, we heard sometimes furious and sometimes ironic state-
ments. We will only report a few of them here. It was not difficult to
pick them out among so many; we were lucky because the words might have
been changed but the basic ideas remained the same in the responses from
the emigrants. The content of their remarks LRight seem repetitive and
monotonous even hundreds and hundreds of kilometers away. This is a sign
that the reasons for dissatisfaction are real and identical.
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What Zs Europe?
Mario Falola, 53, is a fisherman in Marseilles. He came from Sper~.onga, .
province of. Latina, 28 years ago. Afr~- having worked "~nder a bosa" he ,
managed to purchase a little fishing boat. The mother counCry remembers
us onl~~ when election Cime comes around because rhati is an oppoituniry to
r
get soi~~e votes out of us ciCizens who are otherwise alway~ forgotten. BuC ;
those last-minute appeals are not heard. Less than 10 percent of the Italians
3n France returned Co vote in the earlfer elECtions and those who went home
did not do so out of love of poliCics but because they wanted to see ~heir
relaeives back in Ttaly. Besides, we do not have sufficienr information ;
oi ~he elections here anyway. From whaC we read in the newspapers, it is
clear that Italy is swamped in c~aos and I do noC think that early elections ~
wi11 change anything. Talkin~ about Europe makes me laugh. What ia Europe ;
anyhow? A new ~ystem that allows some politician to have a new seat and
a big salary. You talk to me about the European parliament but I will tell
you that the French are going to remain French, the ICaliana are going Co
remain ICalians, the Germans are going to remain Germans, and eve.ryhody ,
will push his own country's interests. And we will remain poor emigranta." '
Maurizio Zocco, from Molise, with 20 years in France, lives in Roubaix, an
industrial center in the north close to tha 8elgian border. He worked as
a carpenter in a construction company until 6 years ago. A work accident
forced him into retirement and he now lives on his disability pension. He
stays in France in the hope of finding a position for his 2Q-year old son -
who has a degree and is unemployed. "We are in the dark about everything. ,
We do nat even know why we are supposed to vote and for whom we should vote.
The Italian situation looks confused to us and distance certainly does not
help us understand. We are more knowledgeable on FrenCh politica. As far
as the European voting is concerned, p.articipation undoubtedly would be
better than what we have had so far because we could vote here, in France. ;
This may be a gcod opportunity for making everybody realize that the
ICalians must be able to vote abroad also in the legislative elections. '
All the other emigrants vote from here, and even the Algerians voted for
_ their presiden*_ while they were in Franc.e. I do not believe that many things ;
, will change after the European parliament c~mes in, at least not for us
poor devils. However, although the situation for us Italians improv~d
greatly as compared to 20 years ago, when T arrived, there are some things
that this European parliament could do. We still encounter ~ob discrimina- ~
tion; we cannot get government and semigovernment ~obs, we do not get any '
family allowances for family members who remain in Italy and not all degrees ~
and diplomas are recognized:' '
Giuseppe Zir~gone, from Torre Annunziata, province of Naples, is 54 years old ;
and has 8 cliildren. He emigrated in 1957. He worked in a textile factory
for 13 years until he had a heart attack. He is now on a disability pensio~.
He lives in a little two-room house in a new section of Tourcoing, near ~
Roubaix. He receives us in his living room. He had retained his pleasant :
Neapolitan loquaciousness and he is fully aware of his rights. "The poli-
tical freedoms~guaranteed by the Italian Constitution are being systematical.ly
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- ~'Ott OFFICtAL US~ ONLY
- vinlgtipd h~rp in ~~~.nc~. In gpplic~tion~ fnr a~~oci~tion member~hip~ ynu
hev~ to ew~ar ehaC you will nnC ~nggge in any political activitie~. Th~
federatinn~ df rh~ ICaliAn parti~s ~rp ouelawpd r~nd we eennot ~ven regiet~r
with the ~rench pareie~."
Zing~n~ gl~n ~gid: "Ttie iaw of thia counr.ry deniea civil political freedoms
to foretgners. When ie wa~ learned that we gre goin~ to vote for the
Europegn parliament~ they increaspd the controlc~."
"Be C~rpful"
A p~liCe inspector, who is g friend of mine~ warned me: "Be careful~" he
~~id tn me. France is insanely efraid ~f foreignera making left-ving
propaganda in the factori@s. Now there is more repr~gsion than during the
timeg of de Gaulle. Strike~ have almoeC 8isappeared becauae the workera
are afraid. Thoee who are most afraid are the Italians becauae they run ~
th~ rigk of losing their ~obe if rhey prove ro be too enterprieing. In
1973 I was ordered expelled because I had r~gistered wi2h the Italian
Sorialiat Party. The police chief who awnmoned me said: "That is what
French legiglation is. If you da not like it, go home." The order was
then revoked because the French do not want their intol~rance to become
known. In view of these restrictions, it is no wander tnat the Italiana in
France are not politically informed. Thie is an emigrant group which mostly
consistg of older people who came here during fascism and immediately after
the war. He never voted and he retained the mentality of thoae deye of the
past. He does not know what the DC [Christian Democratic Party~~ the PCI,
or the PSI [Italian Socialist Party) are. Above all, he does not know what
the ~EC is. The Italian~ are disorganized ~nd do not even have a labor
unian outlook; 90 percent of them are not registered with the union. They
are indifferent toward the European electiona and they are partly correct
on that. But no party, no organization ever really seriously concerned it-
self with them. We are too few and it is not worth thinking of us. I give
you an example: in the area of Tourcoing and~Roubaix, there are abaut 20
of us Neapolitans. The candidates in our digtrict could not care less. The
Italians react by shrugging their ahoulders and those Who go back to Italy
to vote, do so only for the trip.
Not even the special-status regions are safe from accusations of disinterest.
The little group of Sardinians we met in the Caribaldi Club at La Ciotat,
a pretty little town in Provence, fmnous for ahipyards. talked very clearly:
"The government in Rome does not even know any more that we exist," says
Antonio Amadu, 65, who came from a little village in the province of Sassari.
"And even the Sardinian goverc~ment is indifferent. Will they go back shortly
to vote in the political elections and, as far as Europe is concerned, do
they believe that anything vill change after the European parliarrent comes in?
"Apathy is aggravated also by the fact, if you are an activist, you are in
trouble here. There is more political freedom in Cermany than in France.
That is the only point we can criticize here in France because as for the
rest we live much better than in Italy."
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- :eaer
i + ~y ~~~1 ~ ~
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. � r`,~'~!- ,r,~~~~4~~M M,~
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:�~.1~ ~1~ ~',irf �I~- ~...~.r..r~
~ti a~it~.~'\`'~ . . .
� ; ` � % SGATORI
t t~::j,. ';'y";
s
� . . . ~7~
The map ahows Che activity areas and conceatrations of about SS0,000
Italians living in France. According to the statistics, the most nunerous
cammunities, apart from the students (132,000), are those of the unskilled
workers (78,000) and of the constructivn industry worker.
Key: 1--Farmers; 2--Minera; 3--Bricklayera; 4--Textile workers; S--Lumber-
jacks; 6--Shipyard WQrkers; 7--Fishermen; B--Lille; 9--Paris; 10--Normandy;
11--Franc~; 12--Toulouse; 13--Marseilles; 14--Lorraine; 15--Savoy; 16--
Provence~
.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Editoriale della "Corriere della Sera" s.a.s.
50S8
CS0:3104
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Fblt O~~ICtAL Lt5~ ONLY
~UROPEAN PARL~AMENT ELEG~.'IONS ITALY
COLLABORATION OF AUTONOMOUS ~"PHNIC GROUP5 PROVES DIFFICULT
Mi1an CORRIE:RE D~LLA SERA in Ital.ian 11 Apr 79 p 9
~Article byr Dario Fertilio: "On the Eve of the Double csii to the Ballot
Box in June--~lections: the Autonomist Coalition Moves, but Behind the
Scenes There Is No Common Strategy"J
[Text~ The l~st Verona conference has demonstrated that
collaboration among the ethnic minorities ia not easy.
The Volkspartei of Magnago, strong aith Christtan Democrat
support, stands alone for the European contest. The game
oi' alliances among the various movements.
Milan--Even the au+.onomists, it seems, have their prophet. He is Enrica
Pruner, a fullblooded Trentino xhe in the last regional elections guidr:d
his miniparty, the PPTT (Trentino-Tyrolese People's Party) to 13 percent
of the votes. He had predicted areat things for i~s little sister parties
throughout Italy: "They aill multiply like mushrooms on a hot summer night."
Nrn+, xith the approach of this very hot election summer, he ~rill be able to
boast about hia instinetive perception. The bigKigs of politics are throng-
ing the roads to Rome ar~d to Strasburg, and behind them they are leaving the
field open for the sprouting of the "mushrooms."
The first impression given by the variegated geography of the regional in-
dependence groups is of an anth311 of groups, clubs, end suggestive move-
ments such as "Middle ~ropean Civilization," exotic ones like those of the
Provencals and the Occitanes, half-unknoxn ones like the PDU [expansion un-
knos+nJ of Bolzan~. But hos~ much xill they real~y Weigh in the political
balance2 If they could put all their t'orres together, scraping up every
vote, there xould be no doubt about their electoral impact: the strongholds
- of Tra~tino Alto Adige, of Friuli Venezia Giulia, of Val d'Aosta er~d Sar-
dinia, plus the lesser contributions, xould srz~eak havoc with the local ~
electoral quotas a~nd ~rould also make it possi~le, aith the rest, to grab
other seats in the Chember.
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~
F0~ O~FICIAL U5~ (~NLY
But the be~utii#1il. dreem of th~ autanomists lasted only g shdrt xime: the last
Verona conference demonatratefl that there ia not complete unity of i.nten-
tione, even though the challenge to th~ Roman bur~~ucracy hQS spread, even
if the latest election resu].ts sho~red autonomist advances on the periphery,
even if the Melon of '~rieste--that is, M~y~r Cecovini'~ Ctvic List--has
egrouted emong the "mushrooma." it is not enough, and one can understand
xhy; it is noti easy to set Osaolan, '~rieatino, SlovenS~n and Sardinian in-
dependentists doWn st the s~ne table ~nd then expect them to behave likp a
fine patriarchal family. T:ie first-born and the 1~?tegt-born have not hesi-
t~ted to litigate, aplitting the electoral framework in tWO~ the ~urope~n
one in opposition to the national on~.
Let us look at the first one. It lacks the Volkapartei ~People's Perty) of
Ma~nago, which uould have been the natural guide party, With ita abaoiute
ma~ority in Alto Adige, ita experience of government and its tradition.
But precisely for these reesons, the South Tyrolese feel tt~emselves to be
already strong enough on their orm, ~nd they clid not even take part in the
Verona "suam~4.t." They have the road to the ~ropeen elections opened up
to them by their alliance Wi.th the Christian Democrsts, rrhich should then
be translatpd into a"safe" seat in Strasburg.
Among the autonomists in a position to raise their rnm flag for the Euro-
pean elections, ther~ remained the Val d'Aosta Union: a feW 10,000's of
votes, a senator, end the image of the lion rampant. It is nou certain th$t
the Occitane, Sardiniar~, Provencal and Ossolan troops, and those of the Pie-
monte Renaissance, the European Federalist Party, the South Tyro~.ese So~ial- ,
ists and Socigl Democrats, and the independent Catholics Will flock to march
under this banner. Md then there is Pruner's PPZT, the Sardinian Action
Party, and the Sicilian National Front.
There remains one big knot to be untied. The Slovenian Union does not even f
xant to discuss the idea of marching alongside the Trieste Melon. Political I
reasons? Yes," admits Luigi Tt:]., of the provincial steering committee,
"but also protest against the civic list's campaign against the program of
overall protection for the Slovenian minority." The Slovenians said to the
Val d'Aosta Union: either us or the Melon. The Friuli Movement supported
them too. ;
What Will the Vai d'Aosta leaders decide? The secretary, Bruno Salvadori, i-
speaks of a pro-Slovenia.~ tendency: "We Will have to give precedence to the
ethnic-linguistic communities. Much Will depend also on the prestige of
the candidacies ahich they will propose to us. Of course, the name of
Cecovini has its xeight." At the other end of the Alps, the ma~yror of Tri-
este, Cecovini, announces that he Will not be a candidate; the neme for the
appeal "to the 99 percent" aill be that of Aurelia Grubero Benco.
i
"We aill not be able to stend for the European elections on our rnm," says
Cecovini, "because the signature-collection procedure seems designed on pur-
pose to prevent it. We have chosen alliance with the Val d'Aostans because
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~
~ Nord-Est ( 2) ~ 8) u~r t soauu~eMOtamu
1~ Eswi
nesow~n g ) raw (10)
Mo?n ~
b
~ ~ ~ w~ ~ i,: (13)
~ ~
~ii~ ~ g ~ o~i
~ii c
~E
v1~1M0
ClMMC ?ROYW2AIJ y~'~
~ 6 ~1 ~
x nsE
~6~ ~ eu~o ~sT~
~4~ ~ ac~wa Z~ C,'~~t
a
sud
~ ~ s
s) Isae 9 ~
t (22 sK~u~
a~aw .
(7
On the left, the Italfan electorul districts for the European elections, with
the number of seats at stake. On the rfght, the mt~3or autonomist groups that
are to stttnd united in the European elections under the Val d'Aostan symbol
of the lion rampant.
Key :
1. Northwest 12. Movement for Friuli
2. Northeast 13. Civic List of the Melon
3. Center 14. Trentino-Tyrolese People's Perty
4. South ls. Provencals
5. Islands 16. Piemo:~te Renaissance
6. Sardinia 17. E~ropean Federalist Party
7. Sicily 1~. Occitanian Movement
8. Adige Socirilists and Social 19. Sardinian Action Party
Democrats 20. Sardinia
9. Ossolans 21. Sicilian Justicialist Front
10. Slovenians 22. Sicily
11. Val d'Aosta Union
they are a movement and not a party, and ~e have re~ected offers from the -
Liberals, Republi.crins an~3 Radicals. But the Slovenisns don't ~ant you."
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~
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"We sha11 see. As fnr the ~'riul~ns~ ev~n if they excluded them~elvea out
of a~lldarity with the Slovenians, they rroul.d no~ deny us their elect3on
eupport later." mhua one waits in auapens~ bo know whether the Union wi11
be forced to throa out the more than 50,000 Me~.on votes or the package of
~'riulan-Slovenian votes, which is nenrly equal.
~'or the nat3onal. elections, though, the autonomists are in scattered order.
The V~.1. d'Aostana, the Trentino People's Party and the Vokspartei will not
come out of their bnundaries, but none of the three ahould fail to echieve
the ob~ective of at least one f~Z11 electoral quota. The Melon remains by
itself. But if the seat in Parliament is almost a sure thing in Trieste,
the Civic List is also attempting the national adventure. "We have had re-
que~ts for disple~Y of our symbol in Sicily, Brindisi, Rome, Mi1an, Padua,"
says Cecovini, "and we won't pull back; we will open up to these forces.
As a guarantee, we wi11 establish thati there will be a Me1on representative ~
in each electoral district."
The dreem would be to get more than 300,000 votes, winning one more deputy
seat with the leftovers. But Cecovini himaelf does not believe in miracl~s. !
The real ob~ective is to deprovincialize the Melon, so that it becomes a
symbol of It alien autonomism--a primogeniture which few of the other amall
parties are disposed to recognfze. But once out of the little local ports, ~
the open sea frightens everyone.
COPYRIGI~: 1979 Editoriale de "Corriere della sera" s.a.s ;
~
11267
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FOIt nF~YCTAi, 115~ ON1.Y
COUNTRY S~CTION FRANCE
F'OREIGN AFFAIRS MSNISTER FRANCOIS-PONCET INTERVIEWED
Paris PARIS MATCH in F~ench 2~ Apr 79 P 83
~nterview wi.th Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean Francois-Poncet by Michel
Gonod, place and date unknow~
~Tex~ L~uestion] Reforming the Quai d'Orsay while restructuring the admin-
istration is one thing. Making atates of mind evolve is another. How do you
intend to do this? '
~Answe~ You are right. In order to change thit7r;~3 it is alvrays necessary
to change people in a certain manner. As for the ~uai d'Orsay~ all the
incumbents of the command posts in Paris and abroad must be re~uvenated. The
diplomatic career must be opened to internal promotion as xell as to external
appointments, provided that they are of exceptional quality. The diplomats
must be specialists on the problems of our timess strategy~ nuclear energy~
technical cooperation~ legal problems, treatment of informat~on. They must
also become specialists on"certain regions of the world: the Arab world,
China and the Soviet Union.
~uestion~ Is this the end of "tea-table dip~omacy"?
~Answe~ Tea-table diplomacy has been dead for a long time. I was trained by
one of the great ambassadors of the diplomatic serv~.ce of yesterday. I xill
vouch for the fact that there was nothing in his demeanor that evoked the
~~tea-table".
. ~Questiop] The president of the republic is expected in Moscow next week.
The French side is presenting this tarip as being important. Why?
~Answe~ This trip does not merely mark the continuance of the policy of de-
tente and cooperation between F~ance and the Soviet Union. It also underlines
the fact that after a perlod which ha,s been marked by serious tension in the
F'ar East which could have imperilled xorld peace, detente remains the rule of
conduct that the great powers respect and apply. We underatand better today _
that the policy of detente is not a hollow slogan, a false xindox in the
facade of our policy, but a vital element of our foreigrl policy~ an element
on Khich world peace depends.
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(
!;~)It c1~'1~ t t;1 AL 1151; t1~l.Y I
~u~stion] ~ance hae be~n reproached of bet~aying ~.ts moral conacience for
its eaonomic ~.nteresta, no~tably w3th regard ~o oi1.~ What do you think?
~nswe] Let's not be hypocrites~ One of the duties of the government is
to aee to it that the national econon~y Ss supplied~ whether with ~he oi1~ ~
raw materials or equipment on whioh growth and employment depend~ Aut 1et's ,
not defame F~ance~ Its ma~or foreign policy decisions c~xe not dictated by
its interes ~s but by its convictions~ They do not reflect selfieh mo~ti.vea=
they expreas values~ peace~ respect for the human being~ struggle againat
poverty in �the world.
~uestio] In other words~ if Sauth Africa had had oil~ would 3ts rugby ~
players have come to France?
~nswe~ That's absurd, South Afr.f.ca is one of the principal world reserves ~
of raw materSals, and if selfish, mercenary intereat inapired F`rench foreign ~
policy, it would not have declared its hostil3ty to apartheid so plainly. '
~Questio] When you examine the 3nternational situation~ are you optimist3.c
or pestimistic about the f~ture? ~
~nswe] The crisis which menaced wor.ld peace in the Far East ahould give us
reason for hope. Indeed~ all conditions could have combined to produce a
ma.3or confronta.tion ~ The self-control whi.ch the clifferent part,ies concerned
gave definitive proof of shows the sense of responsibility which moves the
leaders of the great nationa, their will to prevent the crises that do happen
from degenerating. This is one of the consequences of the policy of detente
which characterizes relations between East and West~ a policy to which the
president of the republic, in going to Moscow~ wi11 ma.ke a new and important
contribution~ ~
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Par Cogedipresse SA !
~
9380
C50s 3100 '
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~o~ ~~~ictnt, t?sE oNt,Y
~ =TALY
COUNTRY SECTION _
NATIONAL ELECTION FOCUSES ON ROLE OF PCI
Commun3.sts 3n Election~ Governmen~
Milan IL CORRZERE DELLA SERA in Ital3an 8 Apr 79 p 1
[Art;icle by Gianfranco Piazzesi]
~Tex~~ Communists and Chri:~~3an Democrats alike are moving into
the.election campaign with considerable asaurance~ and a11 ind3.-
cations are that within the next few weeka the level of polemics
wi11 rise by several degrees. The communists are out to win back
the support they lost while they ahilly-shallied half way across
the ford~ and are couching the3r demands for a place 3n ~he go-
vernment in peremptory, all but ul~imatum-style terms. The Chr3s-
tian Democrats are convinced they would lose a lot of the3r aup-
port among the electorate should they show the slighteat sign of
yielding, and are therefore making loud noises about all-out re-
sistance. I~ was all but inevitable that this clash between the
two major parties in I~a1y would be a bloody one. In politics,
however~ one of the first rules is never to resign one~s self to
the worst. Let~s try to see~ as of notv~ just how some of the
graver damage might be�avoided. .
We'11 start, then, by stating a fact which, in the excitement of
the past few days, has often got lost i.n the shuffle. Vear in
mind that the last legislature was the shortest, though not the
mos~ dramatic, in the history of the Republic. The le�twing par- -
ties~ partacularly the PCI, nob only scrapped the "worse is bet-
ter" approach, but gave strong support to the Andreotti cabinet,
an~d also lent stalwart assistance i.n the fight agai.nst i.n�lation
and in defense of the lira. The PCI has fit into the western
system better than expected. This is worth rec~ognition. The
source of concern is something else: the deepe~~ and more com-
~ fortable that fit, the worse its relations with the other parties
have become.
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~OR n~FTCIAL US~ ONLY `
i
~'he same ~h~.ng has h~ppen~d as h~ppened be~weon the Chriat3~n De~
mocr~ts and ~h~ Soc3.~?13.sts during the d~ys o� the cen~er-1e~t a~,~ '
1~.anc~. Then~ too~ resul.tis o� cap~.t~1 3mportgnce were ach3eved
by bringing the PSr in~o what was known as the democratic area 3n ;
a stab~.e way, but un�ortunately the con�~.icts with3n that area be-
came unstable. This time collaborat3.on between the DC and ~he
I'CZ has been broken of� even earlier: ~he same ~scenario is being
pl.ayed out at ~ �~ster p~ce. ~
Wi~h theae premises in mind~ we must agree that the e~.ection cam-
p~ign thus far has no~ centered on the right issues. I� the rta- ~
lian voters are asked to vote on a single issue whether or not
~o a11ow the Communists into thP government we shall~ a~ least
in our view~ be making a grave miatake. I�~ back in June~ Berlin-
guer~s requests had gone unheeded once aga~.n~ the Communist leader
could s~rike back at this �urther instance o� '~discr3minat3on."
We shou~.d have a very weak government, atriv3ng to cope wi~h aome "
very dif�icult problems. Nor can the alternative be ano~her govern-
ment in which the Communists were grudgingly accepted, only be-
cause there was no way to keep them out. Alliances between parties
1.ast and, most importantl.y, work only i� ~hey are based on under-
standing and trust. Two parties with 1.ittle or nothing in common
cannot be pushed by main strength in~o enforced cohabitation. In
the best of cases, they wi11 take turns paralyzing each other.
A good many Italians, not a11 of. them leftists, do not seem to ~
share this opinion, bu~ argue that "you cannot govern without the
Communists." And yet the PCI 1~:aders themselves are saying that ;
Ttaly will be spared the fate oi Chile, and that $1 percen~ of the ~
vote is not enough to hang onto the lead. In short, It aly cannot ~
be governed without the Christian Democrats, either. The untimely
death of the last legislature, tiowever you look at it, proved con- ~
clusively that the Christian Democrats and the Communists toge- (
ther couldn't even manage to get along in the same ma~ority. Be-
fore we write this country off