JPRS ID: 8456 TRANSLATIONS ON JAPAN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050027-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 27
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/8456
14 Ma~~ 1.9 79
~ ~
TRANSLATICNS ON JAPAN
" (FOUO l6/79)
U. S. ~OINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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Unfamiliar names rendered phoneCically or CransliCerated ~re
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JPRS L/8456
~.4 May ].9 79
,
TRANSLATIONS ON JAPAN
~ (FOUO 16/79)
~
CONTENTS PAGE
Pozrrzc~w a~n socioi,oarc~w
J~pan Defenee Agency Chief Wants U.S. Carr3ers Near Jn~a1n
( NlHOrt ~ZZAZ sHZt~HUrt 22 Apr 79 ) � � � , � � , � � � � � � � � � � � . � 1
U.S. Occupation of Okinawa Proposed by ~3nperor
(JPS, 2$ A~' 79~ 2
JCP Cen~ral Committee Preaidium ~olds Meeting
(sPS, 3o a~ 79) 4
'SANI~I' Article Reflrtea 'AKAHATA' Charge Regarding JCP-
CPSU Agreement
(Takatoahi 3uzuki; SANI~I SHIrIDUTJ, 20 Apr 79) 5
'YOMIIIRI~ 1'nterviesas JCP Dropout Yoshio Shiga
(Yoshio Shiga Intervieu; YONa[ktT SHINBUN, 26 Ap~ 79).. 7
Ik:fense Ag~ncy Cautious About Feraonnel .Literchange With P1~C
( NI~iON I~IZAI SHIr1BiJN, 25 Ap~ ?9 ) . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Japei,nes~~, :~oviet Experts Discusg Resulta oP Shimaia
Ccnference
( N]~~ON I~IZAI SIIINBiJN, 15 APj' 79 ) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Ll
Lnproving r~ational Coneensus on SDF Plenses Arms Industry =
( NI~(ON KEIZAI S$IlVBtTN, 1 API' 79 ~ � � � � � � � � � , � � � � � � � . � � � 13
� Briefs �
OkinaWa Group Fbrmed 16
. Japanese, Soviet Specialists 16
a ECONOI~C ~
Stuc~y Gr~up Drawa Up Economic P~liay Quidelines for Ohira
(ASAHI EVF'1VI1VG NF3JS, 24 APz' ?9) 17
' a - [rII - ASIA - 111 FOUOj
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COIVTE'NT3 (Continued) ~'ge
Iabo~ Productivity (~ain Outatrips Pay ~.ke~ in i97~
~ (MAINICHI 1aAII?Y NEWB ~ 14 Aps' 79 ~ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ~ � ~9
Er~.efe 20
Steel Lnpor~ Znquiry
k~rm Machinery to PRC 20 ~
Soviet Cav3ar to Japen 20
Crude Steel Output 20
~ Acceeg ~o Power Plants 2~
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLO(~Y
Aesearch 6terts on Photomigration Ure~nium Ion F~irichment
( NII4fAN KOC~YO SHINBtJN, 5 Mar 79 ) . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Briefs
_ Electric Vehicles 2~
� Auto Highyights
Gas Iaser Technology 2?
MITI Jetliner Program 27
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1~UIt t)t~'~'1:C I N~ (ISf: dNt,Y
POLITTCAL AND JOC~O~,(~3ICA'G
JAPAN D~~~N3E AGENCY CHIEF WANTS U.S. CARRIERS NEAIt JAPAN
Tokyo NIHON KEIZAI 3HINBUN in Japanese 22 Apr 79 morning edition p 2 OW
[~xcerpCe] When Defense Agency Director General Yamashita viaiCa the
United 5tates for Calks with U.S. Defense Secretary Brown, he plane tn
requegr that two aircre!`t carriers of the U.S. 7th Fleet continue to be
gtationed in and aroun~! Japan. Thia was discloaed by a Uefense Agency
source on 21 April~ 'fhe reason for making that request ie that:
1. The Soviet Uni~,n's second Kiev-clasa aircraft carrier "Minak" will
be deployed to thc~ Far East in the near future, drastically reinforcing
the Sovi~t Pacific fleet. ,
2. The Unired Statea has dispatched the 7th Fleet's aircraft carriera
to the Middle East and the Indian Ocean in a striking demonstration of
~ the impurtance it attaches to the Middle East. Aa a result, the balan~e
� of naval power between the United States and the Sovi~t Union around
Japan is crumbling. ~
When cheirman of the Joint Staff Council Takashina and chief of the
Ground Staff Nagano vigit the United States re~pectively in May and June,
they will make a similar requeat to top U.S. mllitary officials.
It is the opinion of tl~e Defenae Agency thet "the Middle East, the main
source of oil supply fnr Japan, is also impartant.to Japan, and that it
is quite natural for tl~e United States to deploy ita aircraft carriers to
� thc Indinn Ocean." Neverthelesa, it fears that if the stationing of the
7th F'leet's aircraft c~rriers in the Indian Ocean becomes permanent, the
defense of the western Pacific will become that much w~aker. For this
� reason, Defenae Agency Director Yamashita will ask the United States:
1. To station two U.S. aircraft carriers in the western Pacific on a
permanent basis as beEorc;
2. To dispatch sircruft carriers from a fleet other than the 7th ~leet
to tt~e Indian Ocean for permanent stationing.
CUPYRIGHT: Nihon Keiz~i Shinbunsha 1979
CSO: 4105 1
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pOLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
~d
U.S~ OCCUPATION,OF OKINAWA PttOPO5ED BY EMPEROR
Tokyo~JpS in Engllsh 0911 GMT 28 Apr 79 OW
~[Text] Tokyo, 28 Apr (JPS)-~-Tn a message to Che United States in
SepCember 1947, Che emperor of Japan requeaC,:d that Okinawa be pla~ed under
a long-eerm miliCary occupation by the United Statea. Kame~iro Senaga~
Japaneae Communist Party Presidium vice chairman, made a statement on this
iasue, diaclosing the contente of the meaeage in detail.
Ev a letter and related documents preserved in the U.S.National Archives,
the measage wae identified as the on~ transmitted by the Japaneae Emperor.
The letter was signed by W. J. Sebald, the then U.S~ political advisor for
Japan, and was addreased to the U.S. Department of State. The copies of
these documents were presented to the lower house atanding connnittee and
cabinet by the Foreign Miniatry, on the request of communist Diet member
Mutsuo Shibata.
Sebald's letter (22 September 1947) says that the emperor's proposal was
conveyed to Sebald by Che late Hidenari Teraeaki, then commissioner of
the imperial household (Sebald's lett~r in English calls it "advieor"),
� on the initiative of'tha emperor himself. -
In the meseage, the emperor said: (1) The emperor "hopes that Che United
States will c~nCinue the military occupation of Okinawa and other islAnds
of the Ryukyus; (2) The emperor further "feels that United States military
occupaCion of~Okir.awa (and auch othor islands as may be required) ahould be
based on the fiction of a long~term lease--25 to 50 years or more--rwith .
sovereignty retained in Japan." At the same ~:ime, the following reason
for this propoeal was added to the measage: "This method of occupation .
would convince the Japanese people that the United States has no permanent .
designs on the Ryukyu Islands~ and other nations, particularly Soviet Russia
nnd China, would thereby be stopped from demanding similar rights.
Later U.S. military occupation of Okinawa was enforced, while Japanese
sovereignty was recognixed only formally. This step ia very similar to
the emperor~s proposal. Kamejiro Senaga pointed out that the emperor's
proposal is auppoaed to have wielded great intluence on the~U.S. decision
on its policy of rule over Japan.
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Th~ Communiet Party presidium vica chairm~n aleo s~ids "This a~.1 ahows
not nnly that the emperor is responsible for ttie war of aggreseion in the
p~gC, buC thati in tihe postwar politica of Japan, he hae played an imporCane
rol~ in cooperating w3Ch Che Unieed S~ates ~.n its rul~ over Japan and in
' bu~.lding an anti~commun~.sti mil.itary b~se tn Japan, while retaining his own
posirion ~e the coet of rti~ desCiny of th~~ people of Okinawa Prefecture and
;Tapanes~ sovereignty."
Poinr~.tt~ out thnt this ncC of the emperor violates clearly ehe coneCitution,
Sanugr~ expressed his detierm~.nation Co inveat~.gate the political responsi-
bility sCemmin~ from the "postwttr reaponsibility" of the emperor, in
combination wiCt~ the struggle for the de�en~e of democracy.
In the Houae of Repreaentatives ad hoc commieeee on Okinawa and the northern
, territory on 27 April~ communist member Kame~iro Senaga raised the question
concerning the fact ChnC Okinawa waa placed under U~S. miliCary occupation
over more Chan a quarCer of a century after a message had been transmitted
from the emperor of Japan to the United StaCea in 1947. He atrongly grilled
tl~e government on ita responsibility, giving details abouC the tragic
aiCuaCion impoaed in Che people of OkinawA Prefecture.
Senaga s~id; "It has come to lighC that the cause of Che humiliaCion and
immeasurable auffering brought upon the people of Okinawa Pref~~cture was
Chis propoeal (by the emperor~ed.)," and demanded a full investigation .
into the matCer. He inaleCed that an enquiry about it should be made to
W. J. Sebald and George Kennan, who was the chief of the policy planning
staff. of the U.S. Department of SCaCe, which was then beginning to study
how to deal with Okinawa.
In connection with the description in the Sebald's letCer that the emperor's
"hope" is "undoubtedly largely based upon self-interest," Senaga said "it
is a Craitorous act �or the emperor Co force the 1 million people (of
Okinawa Prefecture-ed~) into a great suffering based on his self-interest
or selfish desire."
"If the facts about this problem are left unclear," Senaga added, "the
principle of sovereignty resting with the p~.?.ople will be denied, and the
ro~d will be opened for sovereignty resCins with the monarchy."
~ In answer to Senaga's question, Asao Mihara, director gener+il of adminis-
Crative ~ffairs in the prime minister~s office, explained away, saying,
. "I think I ahould refrain fr~:n giving a responsible answer."
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I'OLITYCAL AND 50CIOLOGTCAL '
. 1
JCP CENTRAL COMMITTEE PRESIDIUM HOLDS MEETING
Tokyo JPS in English 0916 GMT 30 Apr 79 OW
, [TexC] Tokyo, 30 Apr (JPS)--The Japanese Communist Party Central Committee
~ Presidium met on 28 April at party headquarters to work out an outli.ne of
the review of the simuleaneoua 1oca1 elections and tasks of future struggles
of the party. 'After discuaeions, the meeting adopted unanimously.a ,
preaidium atatement, "The results on the aimultaneoua local elecCione and
~ immediat'e ~~asks."
' At~the beginning of the sesaion, Presidium members heard a report by
Presidium Chairman Ken~i Miyamoto on Che work carried on by the aCanding �
presidium since the last preaidium meeting on 3 March. After discuseions,
the meeting approved this report unanimously.
~ Chairman Miyamoto's report included the following items: leadership in the
simultaneous local elecCiona, analysis and assessmant of the results of '
the local elections, the accords reached between the JCP and CPSU at their
preliminary talks and the struggle against the Shiga clique, the death at
. work of Isao Takano, AKAHATA correspondent and the funeral organized by
the party for.him, parliamentary struggle, and mass movements, including
the spring labor offensive.
Kichiro Akeda, standing preaidium member~ gave a report on the resulta and
problems of the simultaneoua local elections~ .
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POLZ'1'ICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
'SANK~I' ARTICLE REFUTES 'AKAHATA' CI~ARGE R~GARUTNG JCP-CPSU AGREEMENT
Tokyn SANKEI SHINBUN in Japanese 2 0 Apr 79 Morning Edition p 2 OW
- [ArCi~le by Takatoahi Suzuki, deputy chief editor for social affaire:
"Two 'Words' Disappet?red in CPSU V ersion of Normalization Agreement With
�JCP" ]
[Ex~erp~) AKA}iATA, in iCa 17 April ~rCicle, criticized SANKEI SHINBUN
correapondent Sawa's Moscow dispatch as "n diatorted report throwing cold
water on normalization" [between the JCP and the CPSU]. The dispaCch,
carried by Chis paper in iCs 16 April Morning Editio~?, introduced the
report by the CPSU organ PRAVDA and commented that "~he Japanese side
conceded in the Shiga issue." We do noC particula�r.ly? care for the JCP's
compliments but certainly do not feel good if we are dieparaged that much
about our correspondenC's report.
To ascertain the facCs, I had correspondent Sawa send in a full translation
of the PRAVDA release. Naturally, the PRAVDA veraion is for the most part
the same as the "agreement" announced by the JCP. But when I made a close
' comparison between tl~e Cwo versions, ?:ound three question~ble points.
First, for some unknown reason the PRAVDA release deleted two words which
are believed to be of utmost significance.
Tl~e pnssaqe in quesCion reads: "Representatives of the JCP and the CpSU
conFirmed eact~ other's ~~ctive effort for the normalization of relations
Uetween ehe two pc~rties. The Japanese side affirmatively evaluated the
� constructive attitude toward Che past question in the relations between
the two pnrties manifesCed by the CPSU representative at the Tokyo
pr.eliminary talks." (AKAHATA, 15 April)
Etowever, according to PRAVDA, the f irat half is about the same, but the
second halE reads: "Tlie Japanese side positively evaluated the conatructive
approach toward the relations between the two patities manifested by the
CPSU rapresentative at Che Tokyo preliminAry talks."
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Thus, rwo words--"paeC" and "quesCion"-~preced3ng "the re~.aCione between ,
- eh~. tiwo p~rries" disappeared.
Vice Ch~irnian Tom~.o Nishizawa (responaible person of the Tnternational and
Diplnmae~.c Affairs Committee), who repreaented the Japanese aide at the
talks, expressly etated: "The 'paet question in Che relatiiona between the
Cwo pgrties' as referred to.in tihe agreement rafera to the Sh3ga iseue."
, (AKAHATA, 15 April) In ~ts 17 April arCicle, AKAHATA referred to "the '
conaerucrive attitude towar~ the pase relations between the two parties"
and said: "This refers to the fact that aC the Tokyo talks (held between
the JCP and Che CPSU in late February), the Soviet side seatied, 'We do not
~usCify or believe it was righC Chae we published in PRAVDA articles in
support of the Shiga faction."
In this case, iC ie quite naeural for one to interpret ehe AKAHATA version
of the agreement as meaning Chat the Japanese side affirmatively evaluated
the Soviet side becauae the latter had admitted to its wrongdoing with
regard to the Shiga question, which ia a past queation in the relations
beCween.Che two parties. In sum, without the two words--"past" and
"quesCion"--deleted, the "relat;~rina between ehe two parCies" mean the
"Shiga issue." By the same tok~sn, the agreement, or a rapprochement,
was brought abouC because the 5oviet side showed a constructive attitude
toward the Shiga quesCion~
However, the PRAVDA version which deleted the words "past" and "question"
fails eo'cTarify how far the Shiga question was dealt with. At least,
it does not give the reader Che impresaion that the Soviet aide apologized
for its "wrong attitude" toward the Shiga question. In the final analysis,
tihe CPSU did not place iCaelf on the recard in official documents as having
"apologized" to the JCP. Thus, we doubt if it can be called a normalization
of relations in iCs true sense. We do not think Chat correspondent Sawa's
report, "The Japaneae aide conceded in Che Shiga question," is incorrect
based on what we read in PRAVDA. Is it noC AKAHATA which "diaterts facts
and throws cold water?"
COPYRIGHT: Sangyo Keizni Shinbun Tokyo Honsha 1979 .
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGZCAL
'YOMIUR~' INTERVZEWS JCP DItOPOUT YOSHTO SHTGA
Tokyo YOMIURI SHINBUN in Japanese 26 Apr 79 Morning Ldit3on p 2 OW
(Interview with Yoshio Shiga, 78, central figure in the "Shiga quesCion"--
place, date of interview not given]
(Excerpts] (Question] Tho JCP says tt~at rhe so-called "Shiga queation"
hAS been resolved by the recent prese communi.que (agreement) and its publi-
cation in the organa of Che two parties, Whati do you ehink?
Shiga: PRAVDA (the CPSU organ) published my remarks supporCing the 1964
treaty on partially banning nuclear tests (which created Che "Shiga
' question") because the Soviet Union, which played a major role in conclud-
ing ttie Creaty, was pleased with my support. But, the Soviet Union did
not ask me Co support the treaty, nor did I support it �or that reason.
I supported it simply from the poinC of view thaC Japan is the only nation
to be victimized by atomic attacks and thaC nuclear tests should be halted.
The so~called "Shiga queetion" which the JCP refers to has never existed \
from the very beginning. For example, the Soviet Union has not isaued any E
statemenr to support me since that time, nor have I received any instruc-
tions fram the CPSU.
[Questi.on] Chairman MiyAmoto has insisted: "Since Shiga and his fqction
have attacked tl~e JCP on the strength of their support from PRAVDA, we
need nn end to that sort of Cl~ing." Thus, he virtually demanded that Che
CPSU admit its mistake through PRAVDA. Now, do you mean to say that all
� tt~nt nmounts to no more than A false charge?
Shiga: T.hat (I attacked the JCP on the strength of PRAVDA~a aupport) is _
� toCally untrue. PRAVDA supported me because it found my position to be
correct. 0� course, Miyamoto and the CPSU may have their own ways of
_ tliinking. . . .
[Question] The [JCP~CPSU) agreement points out that the Soviet side referred
to "the question of past relationa between the two parties" at the Tokyo
preliminary talks. The JCP construes this as the "Shiga question" but the
PRAVDA veraion of Che agreement omits the words "past" and "question."
What do you think this implies?
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Shiga; I can guesa Chat xhe Soviet si,de ~.s talk~,n~ main~.y abouti ~uCure
relations between the two partiea, In the �irst place~ tihe Soviet Union
hAS noC done anything Co me for which iC should "apologize" now. Therefore,
it is inclined to do so (delete the two worda in ita vers3on). T. have tihe
feeling that "boCh sides are doing their beat eo defend their oasitiions." ,
(Question] Mr Shiga, you have been regarded a~ belonging to the Soviet
~ factlon. Have you seayed in touch with the CPSU or re~eived financial a
aid from it?
. Shiga: We can learn from the experi~nces of our �raternal partiea but we
muse hold ourselves responsible for Japan. That ia how I have worked so
far. Of course, I have nc+t lcept in Couch with the CPSU or received
financir~]. aid from it.
[Question] Chairman Miyamoto says: "When you c;all someone 'Shiga of such
and such a country,' it refers to a blind follower of a foreign counCry
who betrayed his country's party."
5higa: I read about that for the first time in a newspaper interview
with Miyamoto. �
~ [Question] Mr Shiga, in tt sCatement you.issued on the day the two partiea
announced their agreement, you said that "there still are many aerious .
factors lyin~ ahead (of the two parties)." Do the "factor~" include the `
Kuril Islands issue?
. Shiga: T meant to tell them [JCP] not to do anything that the Soviet Union
~ could not accept ~(in connection with the Kuril Islands issue). The theory
' that Che Kuril Tslands are Japanese territory is tanCamounC to sealing
the Soviet Union's lips as far as the Pacific is concerned. I meant to say
thaC they should take that point inCo consideration.
[Question] Are you gr~ing Co maintain Che "peace and socialism" organization
and continue i':s activities? Chairman MiyamoCo demands Chat the organization
be dissolved.
Shiga: If the party corrects itself (takes the correct direction), I will
think about it.
COPYRICHT: Yomiuri Shinbunsha 1979
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PoLtTiCAL ANU 30CIOLOCiCAL
D~F~NS~ ACENCY CAUTIOUS A80UT PEttSONN~.L INTERCf~ANCE WITH PRC
Tokyo KtHON It~TZAI SNINBUN !.n Japatteg~ YS Apr 79 Morning ~dition p 2 OW
(T~x~j The Defene~ Agency hae worked ouC tte basic pl~n r~garding "inter-
chang~ of uniform~d pereonnel with Chins" fnr 1979. 'The p1an, beeed on ~
position of "equidi~tnnce to China and the US5R," cellg for eending thr~e
colongl-level officere--on~ ~gcr~ from the ~round, maritime and air eelf-
defenca force (SDFj--to China thie fell. M~anwhilQ, g~imilar actian wili
be taken toward the USStt in the same p~riod. Howev~r, Chera aili b~ no
visit to China involving tha chair~~an of th~ Joint S~.eff Council or the
chieE of etaff of either branrh of the SDF.
Under the p1an, the agency Will exercise caution in inviting PRC uniiormed
personnel to visit Jnpan~ for fear that frequent interchangea of uniformed
per~onnel �aith China would irriCate the USSR.
Vieit~ en China by former S0~ officerg have t~~come inrreaeingly frequent.
Vieics in the pa~t were at the invitation of the China-Japan Priendship
A,~sociation; currently, however~ mogt of the invitations come from the PRC
Nationnl Defense Minietry. Last fell, a former general officer of the
gound and air SDF each and a former technical officer a$~igned to SDF
technic~l development programs visited China.
In theee circumstancee, the Uefense Agency in March laet year eent a colonel ~
of the ground 50~ to Chinr~ an a"liair~on miesion" with the military ettache
in Beij�ng. It wne the first time a unifcrmed SUF afficer ~ver viaited
Chine in a capacity other than that nf military attache, While there hnd .
� been aimilar instances with the USSR. Even at that time, hoaever, the
agency ~ent another officer of an equal rnnk to the USSR eimultaneously.
Meanahile~'Zhanq Caiqinn~ deputy chief of the general atnff of the Chinese
' PLA, urged the agency's lending officials to etep up interchanges between
the SDf and the Chinege PLA durittg hie informal visit to Japan last May en
route home from his visit to Mexico. In this case~ too, th~ agency took no
acCion to heed the request, becauAe of consideration involving reletions
Witt~ thc tISSR.
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Th~ egen~y'~ pian eo ~end tihYea colonel-levei o~ficare repreeent3ng ehe
grnund, rt~ar3time and air SDF~ reapectivaly~ ~o ChinB and the US9R each
aimuitaneouely ehie year refiacte i~;s poeition for maetiing the Chi~neee
r~queat for an incregea in the number of vieitore and~ at the same ~ima,
for carrying Chrough tha etance of "aquidietance to China and rhe USSR" ,
in a manner that doea not irritate the U89R.
Tha dacigion to refrain from sending the chiefe of eteff tio China alao ie ~
for Che aame reason. During hie visit to Japan, Zhang Caiqian informally
invitad cha3rman of th~ Joint 3taff Council Takashina end groued SDF
chief of etaff N~gano to vieit China. The agency decidad noe Co gccept
euch invitatione for t1~e top-level uniformed pereonnel for the time beieg
becauee such vieite would "inevitably have the effect of rubbing the wrong
way on Che V9SR~ which ig airaady nervous about Sino-Japan relations which
are becoming cloeeY."
On the orher hand, China is eaid to be very enthueiaetic about eanding
leading PLA officere to Japan. Reported Chineae plan~ include an expanded
in~erchAnge berwae~ SD~ and PLA pere~nnel in the name of participation in
� eports gamee. Theee p~ans, however~ are in a etate of atandetill at the
moment.
_ It ia also eaid that this ~autioue 8teitude of the Defense Agency has been
~ prompted not only by "coneideration involving the USSR" but elso by .
"problems" inherent in the interchange ~rith the PRC iteelf. For example, ~
even if Japen sends uniformed personnel to China, they ~would herdly be
allowed to eee what they want to see. The officer sent laet March wae given
nothing more than a formal inspection tour. Some ageecy officials argue
that "SOF-PLA interchangee ~rou~d merely benefit the PLA a~one." While other
officialA eay that "personnel intarchanges~ if carried out in real earnest,
would eventually lead to interchange in militery technology, vhich in turn ;
aould cauee problems in relatione with ths United States. Moreover, ther~ t
has been no active personnel exchange with any country except the United ,
States in the past." ~
COPYRtC11T: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha 1979
C50: 4105 '
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I~nLITtCAL AND SOCIOLaGICAL
.
JApANES~, SOVIET ~XpERTS DYSCUS5 R~SULTS OF 51~IMObA CONFERENC~
Tokyo NIl10N KEi7Ai SNINBUN in Jopan~se 15 Apr 79 Morntng Edition p 4 OW
(Textj Inozemtsev, dirACtor nf th~ Wor1d ~eonomics dnd intern~tional
Relrations ReAearch tnetitute of eh~ USSR Angd~my of Sciencee, and
Kiichi 5aeki, presidgnt of the Nomura Reeearch 2netitut~ of Technology and
Econnmicg, held e prese confarence at the Crand pal~c~ Notel in Tokyo on
14 April on Che results of the "fifth JBpan~SoviQt experte conf~rence on
Asi~n peace~" ahich closed earlier in the dey in 5himddn, Shizuoka I'refec-
ture. They eaid that at the conference, "bdrh the Jap~ne~e and Soviet
gideg pur Eorward verious proposals for brenking the d~adlock in Japan-
Soviet relations and decided to study them in eh~ deys to come." The
Japane~~ side appear9 to have prorosed th@ "conclusion of a cereain
ngreement" aimed aC improving Japan-Snviet relgtions independenely of the
territorial iesue in ~ cc~unterpropo8al to the Soviet-pro~nsed "Creaty oE
good neigliborlinegs And cooperation~" Which $idetrACkg the territorinl
issue. '1'he Sovietg are expected to activ~ly respond to the proposal.
Th~ 3-day Japan-Soviet experte conference began on 12 April and was jointly
sponsored by the World Economy and international Relations Research
Institute of the USSR Academy of Scicnceg, resear~ch institt~tes of the
United Sta~ea and Canada and thc Securicy Affairs Research InBtitute df `
Japan (chei.red by TAdao Kuzumi). Present at the preas confereace in addi-
tion to inoxemtsev and Saeki were Bovin, an IZVESTIYA (Soviet governe~ent
organ) commentator~ ond Masc~michi Inoki, chnira~an of the Board of Directors -
of thC p~ace and Sacurity Research Institute.
, Inozcmtsev told the preas conference: "Proposals ~+ere put forward at the
ronference from both the Jnpanese and the Soviet sidee, but I rnnnor talk
Abnut them in detail in ac~ordance With an egreeceent not to ~aake th~n public.
, tloaever, I can say thnt the propner~ls are eimed at leading the Far Eagt,
Astan ancl World problecns td d~t~ntP as ve11 as advancing Japan-Soviet
rcla~ions." Maanahile, Saeki said: "If Japan insiacg on making a settle-
ment ef tl~r territorinl iggue a preco~dicion :or improv,ing relations With
the Soviet Union and if the Soviet Union keeps saying that in that cese there
aill be no progreas in th~ bilateral reletions, th~ ice will never be broken.
Therefore, vorious proposels aimed at hatmonizing the declaretions of the
tiro sides Were introduced at the conference."
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In thie connecri.on, tihs con�erenc~ raportedly di~cuaeed a long~~erm Japan- ~
Sovi~r economic cooperatioit agreeme~nt and "a certiain propoeal on tihe
eupervi~~on of armament."
The conf~r~nce i~ a venue for ~cholare of J~p~n and the 3~viet Ueion to ~
exchange frank viewe and ie "not a piace for holding diplomatic nego~i~-
tions" (ae Tnazemtsev saye). Nowaver, the results of the confetienca will
be us~d as data Eor a Japanese atudy at varioue research inetituties of Che ~
Sovier Academy o� Sciences and reported to the USSR Supreme Soviet and the
CPSU Central Conm~ittee. Hence~ the resulte o� the conference may affect
future Soviet pol3cy towar~ Japen~
Th~ Japaneee ~overnment hae been "ignoring" a Soviat-proposed draft Creaty
of g~od neighborliaee~ and cooperation, and the Sovi~t Union haa stated,
"This drAft tYeaty is a basi~ for diecussion and if Japan has its own
couneerproposal, Japan sheuld ehow iti Co ue." In this ~ense, the Soviet
Union ie likely to accept tha Japanese proposal as a counCerpropoeal made
by Jnpan through an unofficial chanrel.
COPYRtCHT: Nihon Keizai Shinbunaha 1979
CSO: 4105 ~
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POL~'If;AL ANU 80C;~OIA(1xCAL
IMPItOVING NATIONAL CONSEN3U5 ON SDF PLEA5~S ARAtS INDUSTRY
Toky~ NiHON KEIZAI SNINBUN in Japanese 1 Apr 79 p 8
(TextJ Arme induetry
A sp~te o� forward-looking etatemente on national defenee by important
gnvernment officials, high prices for ehe stocks nf defenge-inauetry man~- -
facturers~ particularly Miteubiehi Heavy Induetrige, anA euch have recently
imparte4 a feeling of bel.aCed spring arriving ea the d~fens~ indugery~ Which
hae been in the doldrums. Howaver~ the leadere of the induatry are we11
a~aare ehat the mood is not one of emerging from a 1o~ig ~int~r'g confinement
for e epring frolic. The public in general etill hAS a later?t "averaion"to
arms and furthermore the defense induatry itaelf is in diearray and dif~i-
cult to pull toge~her. IC ie eaid Within the industry that "Hopefully there
- will be a groundewell of debate on atrengthening defenae poaer," but con-
currently it aeems that "unifying and putting the defense industry into
order" also would be desirable.
Welcoming "The Mood fo: AcknoWledgment"
Ratio of befense Budget to CNP (Unit; 100 million yee, percent)
JFY 1965 3~014 1.01
JFY 1974 10~930 0.83
JFY 1975 13~273 0.84
JFY 1976 15~124 0.90
~ JF'Y 1977 16~906 0.88
. JF1t 1978 19,010 0.90
J~Y 1979 20,945 0.90
~
On 18 March at the Defense Academy'a graduntion ceremony Prime Miniater
Ohira stoted that "tha factor forming the basis for easuring compreheaaive
eecurity is built-up defen8e poaer," indicating for the firat time resolve
,
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to put more effort ~nto etrengthening dafense power. On 20 March, the Defense
Agency revealed in ita JFY 1978 medium-range work esCimate, which in reality
is the equivalenC of a Fifth Defenee Buiid Up Plan, iCe intent "~o increa~e
the defense budget to 1 percent of GNP by JFY 1984." On 22 MaYCh, Shigeto
Negano, Chief of 5taff, Ground 9elf Dafanse Force, delivered a speach explain- '
3ng the neceeBity of rev~.eing the ganeral plan for nat3onal defense.
Naturally,concern in the defenee induetry wh~.ch depends on Defense Agency '
precurement hae heightened. Torao Aramaki (Chairman~ Isuzu Motors)~ rhe
preeidant of the Japan Arme Induetry Aesociation, is pleased~ eaying "de�enee
i~suas long regarded as taboo may soon be acknowledged." Teteuya Chiga
(Execueive Diractor~ Faderation of Economic Orgnnizatiion), the eecretary
ganeral nf the Defanea Production Committee, FederaCion of Economic Organiza-
tions, concurred by eaying, "We have requested atta~nment of the 1 perceet
defense expenditure ro GNP ratio by JFY 1983, so while thi~ means 1 year's
delay, we would be Batiafied."
Because the defensa industry has been bedeviled by thg large drop-off in work
eince the oil ehock, these seem to have epurred the enthueiasm. Although the
Defenae Agency's procurem~nt outlays are increaeing every year~ the survey
of the induetry by the Defense Production Committee statc~s~ "Due to the coeC
increaee for bnth peraonnel and material, the amount of work hae decreased
greatiy since JFY 1973." Malyeie ehowed foY example, that manufacturars'
work load had dropped to the 75 level in JFY 1976~ when the JFY 1971 workload
is defined as 100.
Since JFY 1977, there hae been a ehift toward increase in shipe and tanke.
Hoaever, because the introduction of F-15 fightere and P3C aati-aubmarine
patrol planes was delayed by 1 year~ aircraft are juet beginning to add to
the increase. The Aesociation ~f Arms Industry's eetimate on trends for its
membership is "ehere has been a coneiderable turn ~or the better, but apera-
tione still do not have their heads above Water."
Most as Side Bueineae
Certainly, the defense induetry constitutes only a very small fraction of
all induetry. The Defenae Agency's JFY 1976 etatistics(JFY 1977 figures
noar being compiled) indicate that the Agency'g procurement for all types of
equipment totelled no more than 0.42 perceat (528.7 billion yen, including
eome special procurement from the U.S. Army) of the total production of ~
Japan. Of the industries, only aircraft (88.6 percent dependent) and muni-
tions (99.9 percent dependent) industries are highly dependent on the Defense
Agency. Dependence on the Ageacq ia shipbuilding is about 1.7 perceat and in ~
communicatione equipment a mere 0.6 percent. The ratio of sales to the De-
fense Agency ie about 1 to 3 percent of all salee for the firma irith the
single exception of Mitsubishi Heavy Industry for Which the figure is about
10 percent. Thia leaves the impreeaion that the industry ia a side buainess.
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'Ct~n flafcnee Agc~ney'd rrnaurdm~nC in JF; 1978 wae 556~6 bil~.ion yan (domestic
only), or 13 parcent mnre than in the p,c~vinus y~~r. However, becauea the
paople hgve a deep-rootad nilargy t~ mi.litary induetry~ thd defenea indu~try ~
is in a poor poe~tion to present ~te own caBe. And, even if an attempt ie
, mad~ at th~ indu~ery graup 1~v~1 tio ggther datn ~nd prasent one~s own case,
"the membar firma do not ac~ unlaes forced by ~rieis euch ae a coneidera~le
drop in the amounC of wnrk" (5ecraeariat of th~ ~ederat~.oe of Arr~ IndU~-
. Cr~ea)--prediapoaitions hav~.ng not ch~nged a b3t.
Maintaining Coueeneus, thQ Bnttl~neck
Beceuae the industry group ie a conglomeYate of induetriea including
machine, alectricai~ auto, nnd chemical f3rms, it is difficult to at~a~.n
a consensue within it.
With regarde to the level of d~afenae technology, those in aherge in the De-
fenee Agency raCe it highly ~aying, "Wenpons end ammunition are backward, but
tanks and electronic aquipmenr hardware are among the beat in the world."
Concerning the F-15 and P3C for which procuremenC began in JFY 1978, th~ man-
ufacturera plan to supply 75 percent of the F-1S airframe ~nd 90 percent of
the P3C airframe from domestic production in the future. However~ theaa
ratios for doaestic production "will not be reached because the United Statee
which holde the licen8ea is reluctant to provide the technnlagy "(Top
people at the Defenee Agency). "The United State~, Which used to say it
would provide any amount of technology~ has bagun to regard Japanese manu-
facturers as compatitors" (Minietry of Snternational Trade and Industry).
53nce'the Soviet Fighter Penetration Incident at Nakodate (MiG Incid~nt)"
in September 1976, the Defenae firma have started, againat a backdrop of
flourishing debate on national defense, to create "defense buaineae department~"
or some such internal organizations. It is said that managera, in the fitma,
holding the opinion that "arme are an embodiment of the higheet technology,"
expect a ripple-effect to extend to the private demand sector and are very
favorably disposed toward the defense equipment aector. Hoaever, having en-
tered the era of loa growth, the bottom line ie being watched aith ee in-
crea~ingly etern eye.
COPYRIGNT: Nihon Keizai Shinbuneha 1979
9449-R
C50: 410S
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POLITtCAL AND SOCZOLOGICAL
BRIEFS
.OKINAWA GROUP FORMED--Tokyo, 30 Apr (JP3)--The Okinawa Prefectural Liaieon
Council for unieed actions to abrogeta ehe aecurity treaty and defend
democracy, was formed on 28 Apri1. The organization ie formed by ehe JCP's
Prefectural Committee, the Peace Committee, the Ali-OkingWa Federation of
Trade Uniona and other demooraric organi~atione. At the inauguration
maeCing on that day, nn action program Wae adopted, which ia provided with
foilowing pointe. (1) Positively organis~e a pre~ecture-~rlde etruggle
opposing ehe new dangaroue development of the security setup, develop
the united actione of the democYaeic forces, cooperate with the national
etruggle aiming at abrogation of the eecurity treaty, the removal of bases,
aed for a nonalined neutral Japan, and heighten broad public opinion and
the movement of the prefectural people. (2) Work toward a democratic ,
reconatrucCion of the Japanese aconomy, and etrive for ehe def~nae of the ~
prefectural people's iivieg. ~3) Oppoea retrogreasive r~vieion of the
constitution, the political reaction, and the revival of militariem,
actively fight against anticommuniat attacks by the iaternational federe-
tion for victory over communism, and the reacCionary forces' attacks
to deatroy democracy, and work for the defenae and develapment of
democracy, etc. [Texe] (Tokyo JPS ie Beglieh 0921 GMT 30 Apr 79 OW)
JAPANESE~ SOVIET SPECIALISTS--Japaneae and Soviet apecialists attending the
fifth Japan-Soviet specialiets conference (sponsored by the Security Affaire
Research Inetitute and the Soviet Worid Economic and International Affairs
ReseArch inetitute) issued a~oint communique etgting that "the common goal
is to improve the atatug quo in Japan-Soviet relations and promote good- .
neighborly re~ations." The ~oint coaanunique was iseued on 14 April on the
baeis oE the results of ehe 3-day conference in 3himoda, Shizuoka Prefecture,
on Asian-Pacific affairs, including Japan-Soviet relatioes. [Text~ �
[Tokyo ASAHi SHtNBUN in Japanese ~5 Apr 79 Morning Ldttton p 2 OWj
CSO: 4105
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~CnNnMtC
S'I'UDY CROUP DRAWS UP ~CONOMIC POLZCY GUID~tINES ~OR OHIRA
'Cokyo ASANi EVENING NEWS in Engliah 24 Apr 79 p 3 OW
[Text~ An interim reporC on Japan'e over~~~e economic pol~cy call~ on th~
government tu emphasize rhe importance of ~,r~venting 3nflaeion in ord~r to
mAke tha coming Japan-U~3. eummit and Che summit of indugtrial demo~raciee
a succ~sa.
Th~ r~port also says that J~pan gh~uld ~~ol.unteer to be~r the coete of
maintdining the new GATT (General Agreement on Tdriffg And ~radQ) syetem
resulting from the Tokyo routyd of mulCilat~ral trade n~gotiattone.
It Eurther points out that Japan should mak~ conceseions to eliminate
~conomic friction With che United Statee~
Th~g~ are among the contents of the intarim r~part submitted to f'rime
Mi,nister Ohira by the overaeas economic policy study group, one of the
premier's policy study groupg~ laeC Weekend.
The interim report is to eerve as a guideline for Prime Minister Ohira
at the Washington and Tokyo sunnnitg.
Bnsed on 2-month-long discueeioas by the group~ the r~port Wae compiled
by 'Cokyo University Profeg~or Tadao Uchida, head of the group, at the
rrque~t of the premi~r.
Tl~p rnport Eirst of nll points out the need for Japan to establiah an
~ incfercndent economic policy and to stop its tendency to adopr ad hoc
deci~ions in eccordance with circumstancea.
� It then auggeAts the baeic Atenc~ JA~.~n ~hould t~ke toWard the five aubjects
to be discusaed ~t the Tokyo s~mnnit--(1) economic growth, employment and
inFlntion; (2) energy; (3) trade; (4) the North-South problesn, and
(S) international cureency.
The report gtreesee ehe Eo1low~ngs 1. J~pan should announce to the aorld
pnltciea Which aiil enable it to meintain a high employment level at home
wiCh~ut increaaing its dependence on overseas marketa.
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2. Jnpan ehould eCrong~y maint~~.n Chae ~.ta anti~inflaCien policy wiLl lead
ro internnrionnl cooperat~.on einc~ inflnCion would xasulC in an increaea
in eaving~ and a daciine in capita~, 3nveeCmenC~ ~eading ~.n turn to Cha
- groweh of tha curren~ accou~t surplu~. ,
3. J~pan should volunterily b~ar the fi~anc~.al burden of maintaining the
n~w CATT gyetem by lowering tiariffe ~arllar tihan any of rhs other advanced ,
countr~.ps.
4. J~p~n should p:epare for Cha internationalization of the yen, bu~ ehould
avoid policies which m3ght lead to a fa11 in rhe credibility of the dollar;
iC ehould gleo etate Chet ie is prApared to build a aystem for inter- ~
nation~l cooperation Chrough reforming ite economic stiructure. .
The r~port also urges the governme~?C Co raiee ehe pricee of petY~leum
products in order to coneerva energy and srrongly comea out against the
return of prof~ts gained by power and gas companies through the apprecia-
t~on of the yen to the publ~c.
A~.though uttributing the cause of the imbalance in trade between Japan and
th~ United Statee to n drop in the latter's 3nternational competitivenesa,
the report urges the govert~ment to ehoa understanding of Waehington's
demands in return for U.S. policy of protecting Japan in the past.
COPYRIGNTs Aeahi Evening Newe, ].9~9 _
CSO: 4120 .
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i~uit it,~~u, ii~;i? ~~~~i,~~
t?~,~~N~~p1 i c,
- I,Altiitlt I'ItcltlUC't'IVI'1'Y CAif~ dU'I'5'I'klr5 C~AY lltKCS 1N 197~
'P~?Ityu MA 1 N lCN [ I)A 1 l~Y NI~~WS ttt I:n~l i.fih ] 4 A~ir. 79 i
~'I'~~x t ~ Thc labor productlvity Raln 1n the lY7 aaln of 5,1 percent,
mining and manutacturin~ The 1978 gAtn IncreASed in
Industries incrensed a perc~nt eACh quarter, sturtln~ wtth b.4
in calendnr t!Y78, th~ Japan percent In the first, 7.8 percent
Productlvity Center announced ~n the second, 8.6 perrent in the
~Nday. The cent~r ntt~ibuted lhlyd, and 10.2 percent in the
lhe anln to grAduai Mcovery in fourth and I~st qun~te~.
the economy and personnel The labor productivlty index ~
reductions. ot the all~itpportant
The labor pcoducllvity ta the manuta~turln~ ~eMae stod~~at
output produced by a worker tn against 100 tn the base
a day~ tn other words~ the year ot 1975.
man/daliy output. Tt~e output increased 6.2
The ProduMivity Cente~ said pe~nt ~n the year over 1977
that last year, became the O~st while the labor input declined
year in Il yea~s ln which the by 1.5 percent trom the previous
annuai labor productivity g~to year due to the overall per-
outstripped the annual gain in reduction dMve that
nominal pay. The gain tn sWept a11 the industry.
nominal pay was 6.9 perc~nt ~~nter said all the In�
laat year. dustries but the hide and
The previou.` year In which leather induatry and Ihe wood
lhe labor prodnctivity gain and woodwork Induatry In�
outpaced the nominai pay gafn crea~ed their productivity gein
was 1987. in that year ~enyeerover1977.
productivlly aalned 18.5 percent Among high gatners were
~nd nominal pay 1~.0 percent non~metal mintng, up 20.5
over the prcwMus year. perc~nt; chemicals~ up 13.8
' The oenter wid the 19'~8 percent; non�ferrow metei
productivity Raln ot 8 percent manutacturln~. up 12.3 per-
18.0 perccnt tor manutacturtnq cent; rubbcr~ up 12.~ petrent
~ industry and 8.1 perc~nt tor and metal minin~. up 10.~
minin~) wAs much hiafiec thar~ perc~cnt.
r.~~rvit i r,irr: r~~ ~ n t~ i~ t i~:~ i l y r~~~w~, ~ ny~~
r.~;~~: ~il'l.n
1~)
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FOR OFF~CIAL U3E ONLi'
~CONOMIC
BRIEFS
STCEL IMfORT iNQUIRY--A Japanese eteel firm has received an inqniry from
Irnn concerning iran's desire to import 15,000 tone of hot tio1].~d ateel
plnres and 1,000 sheers of corrugaCed tin platee. This is the firet .
inquiry Iran has ever made since Japan's steel export Co Iran was sus-
pended earl.y this yenr due to political upheaval in Iran. Japanese ateel
firms expect Chnt Japan's seeel exporti to Iran will be normalized in July. �
[Tokyo ASAHI SHINBUN in Japanese 14 Apr 79 Morning EdiCion.p 8 OW]
~'ARM MACHINERY TO PRC~-Tokyo-based Saeo Zoki has sig�ed a contract with
the PRC Gavernment to conduct l~year experimenC in Ja~,aneae-style rice
growing on a 60-hectare pilot faxm in Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province.
Under the contract, the Japanese firm will export to China six 40-hp
tractors~ four rice Cransplantera, five combinee, one harvester, plus
nuraery and drying equipme~t, totaling 120 million yen in value. In
addition, SaCo 2oki will send a total of 30 technicians to the Chinese
farm to proyide technical gervice for 1 year beginning June 1919. China
will pay only for the equipment. [Tokyo NIHON KEI2AI SHINBUN in Japaneae
25 Apr 79 Morning Edition p 8 OW]
SOVIET CAV?'AR TO JAPAN--Tokyo-based Nihonkai Boeki, specializing in tr~de
with the USSR, has signed a general agent contract with the All-Union
Food Export and Import Corporation of the USSR for eales of Soviet Caviar
in Japan. Japen's caviar imports in 1978 amounted to 12 tons altogether,
7 tons of which were from the USSR via West Germany and the rest from Iran.
1'he USSR reportedly promised Nihonkai Boeki that iC would drop its contract
- with the West German dealer for reexporting Soviet caviar to Japan, thus ~
gunranteeing Nihonkai as Japan's sole dealer. [Tokyo NIHON KEIZAI
5HINBUN in Japanese 23 Apr 79 Morning Edition p 9 OW]
CRUDE STEEL OUTPUT~-According to a survey of the nation's iron and steel ,
companies conducted by the Miniatry of Int~rnational Trade and Industry and
compteted on 23 April, the April-June crude steel output this year is expect- ~
ed to eurpass the original guide poet--an indicator of proapective demand--
by 450,000 tona and reach 27.5 million tona. It has thus become certain tha:
Japan's crude ateel production this year will surpass 110 million tona for
the firat Cime in 5 yeare. [Tokyo MAINICHI SHINBUN in Japaneee 24 Apr 79
Morning Edition p 6 OFi]
20
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~OIt n~'FICIAL USE ONLY '
ACGI;;;S 'I'U POWCit 1'LAN't'S~~7.'he, Min~lRexy of. Tnecxnation~l Tx~de ~nd xnduetry
~~ti'I'1 ] ancl Che N~rura~. RneourGee and Lnnrgy qgency recent~.y urged Che
l~cd~rnr~.on nt ~lactric Power Companias (ch~ired by Toshi Hiraiwa, presi,dent
of ~'okyo F1ecCr~c Power Company) to g~.ve U.S, companiea access to rhe
, JapanQae hydropawer plane markee. Thig move is in responao Co a srrong
requesr from Che U~S. Commerce Daparemene rhdt was paesed through dipl.om~ric
ch~nnals. The ~mmed~.aee ~ask is the adoprion of an i.ntierna~ional b3dding
. formuln fnr pumping~up power pl~nts. The elentr~c companies, howev~r,
are concerned Chc~t ~he U.S. demand wi~.l escalate in tihe future, eventually
involv~.ng thern~al and nucleAr power equipment. To meet Che U.S. Government's
requ~st, the Natural Rasources attd Energy Agency asked the Federation of
~leceric Power Companias, composed of nine ma~or Japanese companies, tio
formuLate a concrete "open door" program. The federation's response is:
"We wi11 buy from foreign makers, Coo, aa long as they offer goods At a lower
pric~ and of 'higher quality," ~~xcerpte] [Tokyo NIHON KETZAI SHINBUN
in Jnpaneae 22 Apr 79 Morning Edition p 3 OW]
C50: 4105
r
2~
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~OR OFFICIAL USE ONLX ,
SCI~NC~ AND TECHNOLOGY
, ,
RESEAItCH STARTS ON PHuTOMIGRATION URANIUM ION ENRICHMENT
Tokyo NIKKAN KOGYO SHINBUN in Japanese 5 Mar 79 p 3 '
- ~[Text] Uranium enrichme;it by the gaseous diffusion method has been indus-
Crialized in the United SCates while research on the centrifugal enrichment
method Chat requires lesa electric power conaumption is being pro~noted in
Japan. Aside from these methods, research on isotopic separation using
lasers is being promoted on a world-wide scale. Within the framework of
Chis isotopic separaCion method, the uCilization of a newly discovered '
phenomenon "photomigration" in which molecules present within dilute gaseous
solids vibrationally exciCed by lasers migrate is Co be the theme of a
research to be initiated in April to investigat~ its possibility for uranium
enrichmenC. AssisCant Professor Kazuhiro Wada of the Department of Nuclear
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University will be in charge of
Chis research, which was recently granted 2 million yen from the special
' research fund of the Ministry of Education. IC is said thaC research along
this line is being conducted as a top aecret pro~ect in the Soviet Union.
~ The development of technology for the domestic production of enriched
~ u,ranium is important from the standpoint of national policy,and it also
incorporates the possibility of cutting the cost of enrichment to much less
than one-tenth that of gaseous diffusion. It is expected that some sort ~
of results will be av.ailable by March of next year.
Assistant Professor Wada of Kyoto University To Initiate Research NexC Month
Natural uranium consists of 235 and 238, and the 235 that undetgoes nuclear
fission makea up but 0.7 percent of the mixture. The uranium fuel used in
a light water nuclear power plant is enriched to a 24 percent level in 235, ,
and the gaseous diffusion method that enriches 235 by a sieving effecC is
the most popular method in use. On the other hand, this method requires
several thousand repetitions of this sieving effect, and this runs up the .
~ electric power cost. This is why the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Develop-
ment in Japan is~presently developing the centrifugal separation method with '
high efficiency targeted for completion in 1985.
In line with this research are the advances being made in laser isotopic
separatian. Focusing on either of the isotopes of differing masses, either
molecular vibration or rotaCion is activated on their electronic states are
22
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t~'bK OM'~tG~Ai. U~~ ~NLY
ectivdeed~ The m~tliod hE rx~l.tin~ ~1~~trnnir ~e~e~~ by ehe u~e of ui~rn-
vini~~-vi~i.bie light in~er i~ ~up~rinr ~g ~ar anv~i~ngeh ~h~ng~ i~ ~nn-
c~rned, nnd i~ c~nv~niene fer ~xCiting eh~ d~~ired igoeepp. On th~ oeh~r
� hend, Ch~ ~mail ouepue dnd ~~otopic ~hife ~r~ pcnblem~. tn ~ontr~et, Lh~
, infr~r~d leeer excie~~ vfbr~tion~i ehgng~~ nnd i~ ~~~aci~e~d uith th~
edv~ntagee oE l~rg~ ~uepue ~nd i~d~~pi~ ~hift, bue r~~eareh wi~h infr~r~d
ha~ b~en d~layQd b~eaue~ oE th~ inabiliey e~ v~ry thp aav~iength ~r@r the
, ~nrir~ w~velpngth reng~. Thr~re ~r~ ~h~ m~thdde i~v~lvi~~ ehe ~x~t~~tion
~h;dugh ab~orption ~f n~ingie photon dr many photon~ of g aingle eypt~ ~r
ew~ ~e~ge ~xei~~tion ehrough trro typ~~ of ph~ton~. ~1~~r~ i~ al~o a meehod
ehnt npplie~ the Ram~n affe~r.
Re~eri~n~ Eolloaing ~xCit~tion inGlud~ phoeoiani~~tion gnd photodissociation,
nnd the~e are aubject~ of pop~lAr rea~arrh. igotopee arp ioni~ed ai~h a
laeer beam after which the ione are e~paratpd ~l~ceromagneticaliy or die~o-
ci~ted and eepargted ugfng a phyeica-chemicai prep~rty ~u~h as diff~r~nc~
in vapnr pree~ure. ~y changing th~ ~xcitatidn light ~our~e, a11 ieotope~
can be g~parated. Une mor~ imporegn~ photoch~mic~l r~~ction involv~~ e
~eerGh for A cambination of re~cting gpecieg ~nd gpecie~ eo be raace~d
with, and thi~ ia the reason thie method i~ not univ~r~~lly adopted. in
~ny av~nt, thie m~thod i~ ~~id to b~ ueeful for low d~gr~~ of ~nrichment
in u laree acale treatment.
Th~ ~eaea~ch of assistant Profeesor Nadg involves the selective excitation
of igotnpes u~ing law energy, and thie mode te being celled the photomigra-
tinn method. Continuing Che plsn of obtaining gaseous iaotopg from geeeoug
,
atarting material, an cxp~riment wag ~onducted in which n gaeeovs iantop~
wes obtained from boron trichloride eolid wh~r~upan the ieotope is quegtion
convergely was left bel~ind in cryetellin~ gtgte~ and this led to the die-
covery di thie phenomenon.
7'he experim~nt consisted of cooling bnrnn trichloride diluted 100 fold With
diluent ga~ to 80K (abs~lute temperaturc) Which aas then b1o~m on to e bar-
- ium fluoride piate ta be condensed, and the condensed material a~e irradigeed
with 1.6 micr~n light from a rarbon dioxide g~s laser whereupon the ~ g
vibrations (absorption bnnd ralled nu 3) of boron ia~tope 11 aere activnted.
It wag expec~ed that sublimpd boron 10 woutd be lrft behind, but there aas
the conv~rse behavior of bnron ~1 being left behind on the barium flouride
plr~c~~ nnd it~ presence wag verified by its infrared absorption spectrtua
� nnd mnss analysis. Thi~ Wne follrnaed by runa in vhich boren 10 end sulfur
32 hexaflouride aere isolated, and the pre~ence of the photoaiigrarion effect "
w~a catrblished. As a result~ it was decided to apply this method to iso-
~ topr~ difEicult to aerernte nnd pnrticularly to uranium igotopes k'~oae large
m,7~acs mnkc them very difficult to aeparate.
DCHpIte all this, the in~bilicy ~o vary ~he vavelenqth in a con~inuaug au~nner
ir~ the worst ~+eakness of the infrared lnser aethod. It vas der.ided to use
urnntum hexaflouride that ig ~s~ually used in urnnium enrichment in the etudy.
23
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. FAR OFFtCIAL U96 ONLY
'Ph~ ~~m@ m~eeriai ebsorba in ~ nwnber of baade of ehe inErati~d 1a~~r ~mon~
vhich the moe~ inCen~e ~bsorpeion b~nde ~r~ eh~ d~ and ?g *?g band~ wttich
are pi~nned to be used to cauAe vibr~eional ~xc~,t~e~on and cryarai~.i~@ 235.
3ine~ thQ dg abeorbs ehe 16 micron wgve of the ~nfrared iaser, pu1e~ bpam~
fr~m a c~rbon dioxide gae laeer aill be ueed Co excie@ gaseoua car' .t teera- '
Eiu~rid~ s~d ~~eili~~~ eh@ 16 teieron vgv~. A~monia ~a~ wi~l be Qxeieed ~nd
eeu~~ o~ciilaeion of th~ dQeirpd aav~~engrh fot V~+?~ ~+hich ab~arb at iZ
mi~rane in ~n independent developmQn~. '
On th@ oeher hgnd, th~ differenee in ~hife b~t~~en urgnium 235 and 238 is
buE 0.1 percenr which i~ conaid~rabiy emaller ~han ehe 4 percent for th~
boron vith which eucc~~a had b~~e r~aiiz~d. ThSe ~e vt~y the maCrix (diiu~nt
g~~~ wa~ changed ~o devise n meane of ehifeing ChQ absorption peak of the
infrared leeer in ~rder to check in accuret~ manner the 16 and 12 micron
infrared iag~ra. Ae a reauit, it aae decided to uae mgtrix ieoiation (dilu_ -
Qnt gae dilurion cond~nearion meehod~ gnd not the eupereonic expan~ion
m~th~d foti cooling uranium hexQfiuoride~
Th~ m~trix ka~p~ uranium 235 and 238 apart through ite moleculee making it
po~gible to avoid energy tranefer tha~ had been a ma~or coecern, and calcu-
la~ieng indicate that loa energy aill euffice. In ~ddition~ vhere it vae
nece~eery to gharpen th+~ infrared laser abeorpeion peek, cooling uraniwn
hexaf~uoride enabled the regolution of this prob~em, and theae featuree ai11 .
be exploited to selectively excite juat the 235 and attempt its crystalliza-
tion. 9y repeaeing sever8l rounds of cryet~,ilization involving micro quan-
titiee of crystAiliaed material~ tha experiments to daee have demoneerated
Ch~ capability of enricring uranium.
To this end the laeer to excite uranium hexafluoride vi~~ be perfected and
the maes analyae~r for the same applicaCion aill be introduced after i+hich
exp~rimente are expected to begin by sunaner and produce meaningiui reaults
by th~ end of the next Japanese fisaal year.
A favornble separation factor of 15 has been quoted for boton trichlori8e,
but it i~ not known ahether such a factor wili be obtained ~rith the much
mnre massive uranium. Aasistant Profees~r Wada has made soa~ pr~lent state-
mcnca in this respect. It is planned elgo to clarify the mechanism of photo-
mi~rntinn nt the same tim~.
A~cardinq to the economic prospects of laser enrichment of uranium put out ~
by the Lc~g Alamos Scientific taboratory of the United Statea~ rating the
gn~eousa diffueion method at 1, the centrifuggl method is reted one part in
2.06 ot the abnve end the laser separation method 1/30 nf the gaseous dif- ~
fusion method. Further calculations indicate the cost of annucl continuous
ophretion to be 1 part in 1.9 of the cost by the gaseous diffusion method
fn~ cc~tri~ugal separation and 1/23 for las~r separation. It is 81so pre-
dicted that 48 units aill be constructed by the year 2000.
24
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a~c~u c�~ir.rr~t, tl!fg hNLY
D~gpit~ ai~ th~e I~e~ b~~n ~aid, th~ pr~~~ne ~rau~d af ~x~prim~ne~ i~ ~tiit
nt ~h~ h:~~i~ ~tnge~ 7'I~~r~ i~ ~ ldng w~y ed g~ b~ta~~ ~t� rd~d eo pta~ti~r~i
u~~ ~an b~ reaii~ed, on eh~ ath~r h~nd, eh~ ~~e~aibiii~ie~ ~r@ ~~e~eing~
Sea~~m~nt from as~i~t~n~ 'rrdi'~~edr K~~uhiro Nad~= ~ had be~n Workin~ on
~ iaotopic 0epargtian throu~h ~ n@rtain eype ~f ~~~Qau~ diffu~i~e ah~n di~-
rev~r~d ch~ photomigr~eion phenom~nafl ~ncl ~mb~rk~d ofl thi~ pr~~~ne ~~ri~~ _
. df ~xp~rim~n~e. Exp~rim~ntg hav~ to b~ iniei~e~d by Au~ugE ~~n~~ p~~~n~
~ppiiceEion ha~ ~Lr~ady b~en m~de in th~ Unie~d 3eat~~, bue ehi~ i~ a h~r~u-
1~An ea~k that t do ne~ know e~n b~ don~ un~ii. i~ ie eri~d.
Pho~omi~r~eion Ph~ndm@non
_
~'l.'st1c~113,~~.~2 ~ '
~ ~0 ~t~ Q :
o
~ O ~'i~~~ O
tl~~~~~'.-~~~ O ~
Od~3 O O
O OD O
,1, C~ ~ 0 n
O O
0 ~b~ 0
.O ~3%~"~ ~~s~.
Key: 1. berium fiuoride 2. cArb~n dioxide laser 3. xenon
4. chlorinp S. boron
Diagram of ~xperimental ~aaility for Uranium Enrichment
.
~tit.tih~yy
O.P.C~II ,
r9 ?IP.t! i ~ tt(%
, ,
� ~ . ~
~ ~
~
. ~lF~~.~i~~1t .
~ �
~ t5)
~1; ~a~r~~.-a- f6~
6~ 9-m~FSyy
i (
Key: 1. chemical trap 2. boron trichloride 3. xenon
4. infrared speccral analyzer S. carbon dioxide laser
6. cold trap
25
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~FOR AFPICIAL 1198 Dt~.Y
~ ~ ! ~Q ~
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.
.
>u'
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a a ;.y
~xparimentai Paciiiey for "Photoaigratioe Maehod" tlsing
teeer gnd ABSieeent Profeeeor ifgda ~righl;) ~Radiation
1.aboratory~ Kyoeo Un3vereity)
COPYRiCHT: Nikic~n Kogyo Shinbungha ~979
~ 2267
CSO: 4105 ~
. �
. ~
~
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26
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' .
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FAit AFF~CIAL U5~ ONLY
9CISNCE AND TKCHNOL~tlY
9RIBF~
EL6CTRiC VENfCtES--The Japan Ei~ctria V~hic1~ A~goeiation met and epproved
the JFY 1979 budgee (431.83 mi~lion yen) and pr~grem, ~Tokyo C1{IKU DSNCHI
in Japaneee 1 Apr 79 p 1~
AUTU tli0ltLttiHTB--Mitavbishi Moeora ~nd other Miteubishi ~ompanipe e~i11 b~
engaging in joine reeeerch an r~ein~ and peeroch~micai~ to d~vQlop nea 1igh~-
a@ighr mat~riaie for ue~ in automobit~e a~ one gpproach En coping Wi~h ex-
peceQd ~ompQeieion from the U.S. Big Thre~ ~uto eompun~e~. Tayota, in making
i~e first fu11 model chgnge in S yeare thie fail, ai~l introduce a micro-
compu~er in oome of the Crot~m modele. Fu,~i Heavy Industriee haa announ~ed
d~v~lcpa~ne of an indue~rial-uee Robin GK engine u$ing keroeene as the
primary Fue1~ in-houee poWer generation and conerruc~ion machinery applica-
tiona pree~nt a promieing market for ~he enginea~ ae the fu~l ie over 40
p~rcent ch~aper ehan gasoline. Nonda ie a~udying usp of catalyets in en
emis8ion control eyetQm aith an eye coaard improvementa in horsepower and
fuel economy noe otherWise poesible. [Tokyd JIDOSHA KOCYO SHINBUN in
Japanese 10 Apr 7~ p 2~
GAS LA3ER T6CNtV~LO(tY--The Agency of Induetrial Science and Technology has
decided on domestic devplopment of manufacturing technology for high-poaer
carbon dioxide 1as~r optical componenta. Su~aitomo filectric Industriea and
HorLba Ltd Wili aork on ~~miconductor and alkaline halide material8 for the
componenta. This eddition of ta?o coeipaniea bringe the number of firms
asaocieted aith the AtST's "Complex Praduction Syetem Using Nigh-performance
Lasers" pro~ect-�an automated bntch manufacturing project--up to 20. ~Tokyo _
NIKKAN KOCYO SHiNBUN in Japenese 2S Apr 79 p 1~
~ MITI JB"i'LtNR PROCRAM--The Minietry of International Trade and Induetry has
dectded to etart a 5-year program to develop a n~W jetliner to replace
. Boeing 707s end MeDonnei~ Uouglas DC-8e~ which consume too much fuel and
do not ~acet current noise standards. (Tokyo THE JAPAN TI1~S in English
25 Apr 79 p S] Considerations involved and future topics for MITI's air-
craft industry policy are pres~nted in a short article on establishment of
a poltcy eection With in the Aircraft induatry Subcom~nittee of the Aircraft
and Machinery Induatries Council. [Tokyo NIKKAN KOCYO SNINBUN in Japaneee
25 Apr 79 p lj
CSn: 4105 ~
~7
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