JPRS ID: 8394 TRANSLATIONS ON LATIN AMERICA

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040030-3
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• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 30
• Content Type: REPORTS

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Jt~F2S L/8394
_ 11. April 1.979
~
= TRANSLATIONS ON LtiTIN AMERICA
~ CFQUO 5/79)
. ~ .
U. S. JOINT PUBLiCATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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, Ntl'T~
Jp!'S publiCgeinng cnnC~in infdrmaCidn prim~~:ily from foreign
n~ws~ap~r~, p~riodic~l~ ~nd book~, but ~~g~ fr~~�+ n~wm agenCy �
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sources ~re tr~ns~eted; those from ~ngli~h-langu~ge ~~urces
, ~re Cr~n~rribed ~r reprinCpd, wiCh the original phr~sing ~nd
a~rher ch~r~~Cerigtir~ r~C~ined. `
Headlines, ediCori~l r~pnrCg, and maC~ri~l ~nclosed in br~ckeCs
~re supplied by Jpit5, proc~gging indie~eors such ~s [TexCJ
or (~xcerpC] in r.he first line of each ieem, or following the
lasC line nf a brtef, indic~e~ how the original informaCion w~s
proc~~sed. Where nn proc~ssing indicator ig given, the infor-
m~tidn w~~ summ~riz~d nr exeraceed.
Unfamiliar names rendered phoneCicglly or transliteraCed are
enclosed in parentheges. Words or nnmes preceded by a ques-
tion m~rk and enclo~ed in p~renCh~~~s were nor cl~ar in rhe _
original buG have b~en supplied asappropriaCe in context.
Other unaCCribuC~d par~neheti.cal notes wi.thin the body of ~n
iCem originaCe With Che snurc~. Times within iCems gre as
given by source. r-
The contents of this publicaCion in no way repreaent the poli- ~
cies, views or attitudes of the U,S. Government.
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L~'Ok Oh'I~' 1.C L111, USI~; t~NI',Y -
JPI25 L/8394
1.~ Apri1. 1.979
TRANSLATIONS ON LA1'IN AMERIC,q -
(F'OUO 5/79)
CONT'ENTS PAGE -
INT~-AMERICAN A~'FAIEZS
, Becerra Views Argentine-Brazi'lir~n Rela~ion~
(Alfredo Becerra; LA OPINION, 8 Mar 79) 1
AR(}ENTINA
Dissenaion Seen as Tranaition Period in Politic~l Process ~
(Rodolfo Pandolfi; LA OPINION, 21 Feb 79) 3
Relations With U.S. Take Favorable Turn
(~kluardo J. Paredes; LA OPINION, 14 Feb 79) E
CUBA
Castro Releasea Socialiet Spaniard; Holds Gutierrez
Menoyo
(cArtezo i6, 11 ~eb 79) 8
USSR Flxblishes Statiatics on Socialist Achievemente
(VESTNIK STATISTIICI, No 1, 1979) 13
PF~tU
Brie:fs
Diecrimination Accusation by Communists 19
~TENT'~LLJF~,A
President Isaues Ste.tement on Mi.ddle East Treaty
27 ~ 79) 20
- a - [III - LA - 144 FoUOJ
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~a~ orriczn~, us~ ornY
TN'I'Ef7-AMERTCAN AF~AZR~
B~CI~tRA VIEWS AR(~~I~f.~INE-BRAZILIAN RELEI~IONS
Auenos Aires LA OPINION in Spanish 8 Mar ?9 p 1
(~Article by Al~edo Becerra] '
[T9xt] Deapite the hard tone of the Argentine note to Brazil~ d~.plomatic
. relai.ions are still normal. Our foreign minister~ Brig Gen Caslos Washington
Pastor~ attended a dinner last night which was held in his honor by tho Bra-
zilian ambassador~ Claudio Garcia de Souza~ at the Rrazilian embaesy in Buenoa
Aires.
Meanwhile, it was reported in Brazilian diplomatic circles that Itamaraty will
not ruspond to the latest Argentine note until 15 March, when the nex admin~.s-
tration wi11 take over. The inauguration ceremonies will also be attended by
~ Pastor, along with Undersecretary of Foreign Rolationa Carloa Cavandoli and
Argentine Ambassador to Brazil Oscar Camilion. -
The day after the new Brazilian foreign minister~ Ramiro Saraiva Guerreiro~ ~
takes nffice, he will meet with his Argentine counterpart to di~cuss in very
general terms the need to continue tripartite negotiations in ord~ to reach
an agreement on the Itaipu and Corpus p~o~ects. `
- The:.a elements indicate that both sides axe aware of the enormoua xe~ht of ~
of existing ties between the two cow~?tries in economic and political terms~
aside f~om the conflict over Itaipu. This axareness is xhat has made I~amara-
ty's atubbornness in delaying an agreement in the tripartite negotiations even
m~re incomprehensible.
Argentine-Brazilian relations are going around each othe~ in different lanes
which have no conn~ction, as if they xere isolated compartments. Meanxhile,
, several matters, especially trade, have b~en dealt with peaceably and even ~
enthusiastically~ while Itaipu has become ~ center of open conflic~.
~
Sometimes this situation has been considered to be the�fruit of a peculiar
political style whieh reigns in this region. Hotrever~ nothing indiuates that
interna.tional relationa in othar parts of the world are exempt f~om this di-
chotomy. In thie case, however, the poaitive and negative pointa seem to be
more obvious, more con~rastingr due to the proximity of the tKO countries
and the magnitude of the interests invclved.
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It seoms tha~ this relatSonship doea not depend on general guidelinea, but
on the whima of thinge and c~scumet~,nces~ as if inen could not control them
and were~ on the contrary~,control.led by them. Thus~ for the p~esent Itaipu
is presented as a conglomerate of ~.nteresta which are very powerful and exert
strong p~ressure on everything~ ag i� ~they were live beinge or had some sor~t
of unimaginable autonomy whioh doea not rea].1y exiat~ and therefore make any
pretenae in that direction a more fantasy~ sn irrat~.onal idea.
Sf th~ controvexay unleaghed over Ttaipu at least served to contribute to
the establishment of global crlteria that could explaln and regulate that
bilateral rela~ion~hip~ the waste of effort and ideas would not be in vain.
Copyright~ r~n oPixzoN~ i979
8926
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AF2CENTINA
= DISSENBION SE~N AS TRANSITTON PgtSOD TN POLITICAL PROCESS
Buenos Aires LA OPINION in Spanish 21 Feb 79 p 19
~ (Article by RAdolfo F~andolfiJ
[TextJ The relaxing of control is always the mos+:. complex stage of. a poli-
tical ~rocess. At times reality forces governments to tighten control in -
order to pre~rent tha development of diein~egrative tendencies. However, _
the /escalation/ (in boldface] toward the maximum useful level of con~rol -
can, as a rule, be carried out without internal ruptures. On the contrary,
the escalation can serve objectively to strerigthen the bonds among the ele-
ments of the governmental apparatus and to create conditions tending to
bring about tha unian of the community.
E~owever, although strict control is often necessary--and even salutary--from
the point of view of the governing body, it is obvious that its extension
beyond a reasonable length of time becomes a growinq danger. If the control
rigidifies the social organism, the excess stress causes it ta aplit even
more rapidly than does the lack of control.
As a result, in all processes tha relaxi~:g of control iiltimately becomes
inevitable from a political point of vit~w. However, ev~ery administration's
intention is to manage that process in ; to prevent a bursting forth
which would completely undo what had bee.: accomplished. A rapid relaxation -
of control--as demonstrated by Argentina's own recent experiQnce--only makes -
pa~t tigtttenings pointless.
At the same time, every government knows that haaever well controlled a
- rela�cation process may be, there is always a polit,tcal price to be paid
when the transition takes place. It would be childish to suppase that the ~
b~ginning of a thaw would not be marked by the usual criticism from two very '
familiar sources: those who consider the relaxation unwise or hurried and
those who .find its pace too s?.ow. Converging complaints of this sort, which
~ form the classic po3.itical scissors (It is always said that to %cut da,m/
(Ln boldfaco] a government, two blades are used at the same time), can be
overcome if those in power have imag;natxon, audacity, pofse and, above all,,
if they are consistent.
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in v~rioue Latin Amori.can aountirie~ tho relaxa~ion of politicnl con.trol is
at dlfferent e~ages. In Uruguay, and tio an extienti in Hrazil, this relax~tion
is becoming visible.
Nevertheless, it ~hould be unders~ood that the stated, expxess and manifes~
' purpose of the relaxation is to allow the growtih of individual 1lberties in
order to enrich society, which othexwise would ossify into a conformist rigici-
ity. Al~hough some criticism may be motivated by opportunism, the appear~nce
of criticism--most of it constructive--should be the goal sought by those in
power. No one can offer to expand liberties and not 3ae them used. Freedom ~
does not axist to make room for praise, but rather for the interplay of
ideas.
The proceas which Uruguay is undergoing at presant has interesting charac-
teristics.
At the moment, the relaxation of o�ficial policy regarding civil liberties, -
as well as categoriaal statements by senior military officials, has led to
a demand for the expansion of this policy.
~ For examplo:
'Phe latest issue o� the liberal journal BUSQUEDA, edited by former Secre-
tary of Planninq Rar,ion Dia, co,~tains a number of com?nents on the subject by
- its political calumnist Danilo Arbilla. Arbilla discusses certain state-
ments made by Lt Gen Luis Queirolo, commander in chief of the Army, during
his most recent speech. Among other things, the general said, on assuming
his post, "It's all right for the men and institutions currently directinq
affairs to be criticized or shavn their errors, for it would be short-
` sighted and foolish to depend on praise and flattery."
Arbilla says that the commander in chief's statement should be considered in
relation to "the full exercise of freedom of expression, which is still sub-
ject to certain limitations in this country." "Freedom of information--
freedom of the press--is the antidote to the problems r~oted (rumors, slan- ~
dar). However, its acope extends beyond its usefulness with respect to
these specific issues: There is only one means of defending and supporting
the democratic system, and that is by keeping the public informed about
everything that happens. This is the primary, basic duty of the press, and
to carxy it out it cannot be restricted. At times there is support for the
idea of establishing different categories of liberties. This idea carries
with it the belief that some of the citizens' rights can be limited or
taken. away and yet their liberty will remain intact. It is some~ahat like
saying that a woman can be partly pregnant. Freedom is a whole whose limits
are known to everyone."
In the sama issue, opposition journalist Leonardo Guzman desa:ibes as cap-
tious the arguments which suggest that the establishment of complete freedom
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and democracy should be delay~d un~il further economic devolopment has be~n
ack~ieved. He notes ~hat on ~he con~rary, there is no economic solution with-
ou~ a political solutian. He recalls ~he o�rigin of liberalism and a~a~es
~hat the ax~stence of 1Pga1 principles is not a consequence of ~he wealth oE
nations, "bu~ ra~her often the causo of i~."
Another libaral ~ournal, NOTICIAS, points out "the compromi.sing of the
armed forces' honor," referring to General QuEirolo's ~peoch. In that same
publication, Julio Cesar Eapindola~ vice chairm~n of the Council of State,
retutas the idea advanced in some circ7.es concerning the need to have a
single candidate. Espindola says, "The press now enjoys complste indapen-
dence," and that this ia salutary. However, concerning the iiiea of having
a single candidate, as the B razilians do, he answers, "Pers~onally, I don't
like the idea. An election with a single candidate is technically posaible,
but politically I don't think that it's advisable." He adds tha~ if the
citizens disagreed with the pr.inciple of the single candidate, many blank
ballots would be cast, "and I suppose that no one would be able to prevent
it.
The daily EL DIA, representing the Col~rado viewpoint, published a supple-
ment about the political parties, "a subject with a past, a present and a �
future." The material inc;ludes considerable information about jurist
Justino Jimenez de Arechaga�.
All this information indicates the political opaning-up now taking place
in Uruguay and, more or less simulta~:.-~ously (although with other charac-
teristics), in Brazil. It shows, in short, that the relaxation of control
necessarily entails debate concerning al1 subjects and that this debate is
_ --naturally--participated in by those who are participating in the process.
The manner in which this controlled th3w is being carried out constitutes
a clearly important experience for those living in the Southern Cone, where
the phase of armed struggle against subversion has essentially come to an
end overywhere, yet where restrictions are befng maintained in order to
forestall an excessive quickening of a necessary relaxation.
Copyright: LA OPINION, 1979
90 85
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ARGENTINA
RELATIONS WTTH U~S. TAKE FAVORABLE TURN
Buenoe Airea LA ~PINTON in Spaniah 14 Feb 79 p 10
- LArticle bY Eduardo J. Paredes, "Relationa With the United Statea Are
Improvinp"/
/Text/ Several apparently unrelated eigns indicate to observers that there
- hae been a perceptible change in the policiea af American PrQSident
Jimmy Carter with respect to bilateral relatione with Argentina.
The moat important is, undoubtedly, the deciaion by the Export-Import Bank
of the United States--Eximbank--LO return to :Lts original policy of uncon-
ditinnally accepting requesta for direct credit from Argentine companies.
For the laet 2 yeara the agency, on instructions of the State Deparr.ment-- ~
doubtless presaured by Cc+ngreas--deferred that sort of request from countries
under question in the matter of human rights. That weapon of economic sanc-
tion works to abruptly cut off all econaimc support, if one remembers that
it was preceded by a previous el~minatior~ of credits f~r military aid. That ~
total ban ia the one the United States is presently applying to Nicaragua,
for example. .
Although the Carter Administration has been prudent with xegard to definite
references tn its relaCions with Argentina, diplomatic socrces indicate that _
the work nf the embassies has been fruitful, both that of the Argentine
Jorge A~a Espil in Waehington, and that of Dr Raul Castro in Buenos Aires.
Castro has developed an intelligent policy, esaentially based on acquiring
good information and getting it to hie country--sometimes in person--combined
with a solid elemene of analysis and compar~.son with previous periods. T~ne
diplomatic sources evaluated that work and concluded that, in opinion of ~he
United StaCes, the human righta aituation in Argentina is normali::ing. The
sourcea streased the importance o~ the fact that lists of persons arre:;ted
by the ~;xecutive Branch, thE location of others, and the trials in ordinary
courts of subveraive persons are being made pu~lic. Castro may have taken
it uFon himself to make it clear to his government that a few episodes of
violer.ce, isolated and repudiated by authorities, cannot be associate.d with
the will of thoee governing. `
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: dn hl~ pr~rC, AmbaH~udar A~u [,ep1,1 hud no r~:gpite in h:te diF�icult diplomnei~:
worlc :Ln recent monChe~ A:lthough he operates within the obvioua reserve
- required by hid oexvice, sources ittdic~te ehat he ig clearly nn executor of
eh~ ylow but succ~eaful policy oP "thaw" bEtween Che two countries. One
aub~ect tt~at'~ ie always hanging over thoae relariona is noe ~.inked--consider-
ing thc compiExity nf ineernariona.l. poiitics--ei~her ~o human righta or to
interngtion~,l ::redits. Tha~ is the American interest ir~ Argentintt'~ uncondi-
tionnlly signing ~he Nu:lear Non-Proli�eration Treaty, and under Chat laudable
proposal, not develuping ita advanced nucleAr technology.
i
In that matter, Argcntina is maintaining an independettt ~ine of bpinion
which stiill causes diplomatic fricCion with k~ashingtan. The approval of the
nuclear plan with an inveaCment of nearly $5 million and the conat;ructtnn ~f
four nuclear power planta based on natural uranium reflect Argentina's
decieion to develop ita nuclear technology for energy, with the intention ~
of incorporating Canadian and West German technology for the r~actors.
Observers stxess ChAt Che United States is graduall.y abandoning any aCrategy _
of economic pressure againat Argentina, although it hopes t~ one day see it
Alined with the United SCates with regard to the ban on miclear weapons. .
Our country ehould give aCtention Co those gestures of detente from Wushington
without abandoning ita plane for energy and its independence of opini~n.
Nevertheless, the observera felt that Argentina~s ~oining the convE:1[ion
on Che prohibition of developmer~C, production and storage of biologic and
toxic weapons, and on their destiruction, was more important than it seemed.
The convention was set in moti%:n by the United States in April 1972.
Joining the convention was considered a diplomatic step which, while it d~es
not bind ArgenCira to sign treaties that may turn against it, is a clear
gegture of participati~n with the American intentions on disarmament.
Another slgn of reciprocity with respect to American concerns is the Argentine
position of inviting members of the Human Rights Committee of the Organization
of American States to visit the country. ~ '
'~'he United States has complete confidence in the DAS' ability to observe
in Clie matter, and State Department advisoz�~ were pleased at the invitation.
Ae least they considered it u step in the direction of what is called goodwill.
CJPYRIGHT: LA OPINION Buenos Aires, 1979
8587
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l~'U[t nl~rICIAL USL UNLY
CUBA
CASTRU RELEASES SOCIALIST SF'ANIARD; HOLDS GUTIERREZ MENOYO
Madrid CAMBIO 16 in Spaniah 11 F~b 79 pp 30-31, 33
[Arti~:le: "Fidel Releases Spaniarda, Except One"] ,
[Text] Carloa Gutierrez Zabaleta, Spaniah socialist detained in Cuba by _
~ Castro for yeara, 3s now ~n Spain, but without his son. His son, .
Commander Eloy Gutierrez Menoyo, leader of the Cuban Revolution, i~ the
laet Spaniah political prieoZer in a Castroite prison.
- "I lost sv~rything except my dignity," eaid 86-year old Carloa Gutie~�rez
Zabaleta on Garcia Morato Street, in Madrid, near the PSOE [Spaniah
Socialiat Workera Party] headquarCers barely 24 houra after arriving from
Cuba, his enforced prison for the past 14 yeara.
He is a naCive of Madrid, ig small and lean, with a kind look. He has
lost l:ie eyesight in one eye and hopes that auitable treatment will
reli~ve his asthmatic bronchitis. Hc~wever, his mind is still lucid and
his voice atrong. He speaka a rich, pure Castilian Spani~h that almost
30 years in that Ca~ibbaan island have not been able to corrupt. �
Carlos Gutierrez ie one of two Spaniarda that Castro wanted to detain
~gainet their will in th~ i~land. The other, his s~n, Eloy Gutierrez
Menoyo, commander of tbe revolution, chief of the Second�Escambray Front,
is still in a prison in Havana, in underdrawera. He refuses to wear a
convict's uniform and re~ecCs the "rehabilitation program" that the Cuban -
authoririea offer him. If he had accepted it, he might now be free.
(See "Fidel Releases Spaniards: Except ~ao," CAMBIO 16, No 358).
"My son is like me," he said with apirit and with a flash of pride. "He
thinks ae I do and I am glad that he also sees things thus: oi~e may
l~at everything, except dignity."
I~iad Forgotten About the Cold
Carlos Gutierrez Zabaleta, a doctor by profession, arrived Monday,
29 January, in Bara~as, on a Spanish Air Force plane with 97 other repa-
triated peraons, freed by Castro, thanks to the intervention of President
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Suarez and Che helpful efforta of oppoaiCion parties.
� "I had forgotten about how cold it gete in my country," was one of his
- first commentia on reCurning to freedom, ae he pulled up the collar of
hia lightwe3ght grey overcoat that he had bought 20 years before in
New York. When he referred Cd Madrid, he said "my counCry"--a country
that has changed a greaC deal since he left it at the beginning of '
the 50's. "The ~raffic ia really horrible," he repeated, trying to
identify the downtown streeta,~~now full of tall buildings of glass and -
, aluminum and overpasaes.
The overcoat and an old trunk fu11 0� papers and old clothing--"we had to
take it a11," his daughter Sara said later--she had not seen her father in
, 18 yeare-- ~t was his entire baggage. This was all that this old man
had been able to accumulate in almost a half century of struggle in
purauit of freedom.
"I loat it all aeveral times," Carlos G~�~ierrez said without emotion. "I
was in prieon in 1934. I had to see how u.y own aubordinates lowered the
republican flag in my office in Valenaia. Then the Franco authorities
prevented me from practicing medicine. I loat E1 Retiro, my antirheumatism
clinic, which now is the Florida Park featival hall. All that I did again
- in Cuba I loet." -
And more. He lost his oldest son, Jose Antonio, in October 1937, who
died from a wound at the Ma~adahonda front. He lost�his son, Carlos,
struck down by bullets on the second floor of the presidential palace in
Havana, on 13 March 1957, ~ust a few meters from dictator Fulgencio
Batista, who narrowly eacaped from the assault.
Today, all that he has are nis baggage, his old overcogt, two daughters--
one in Oviedo and the c,ther ir~ Miami (U.S.A.)--and his son, Eloy, once a
hero o~ the Cuban Revolution and now a"counterrevolutionary," first
sentenced to death by the Castroite suthorities; later, to 30 years in ~
prison; and, when tried again in 1974, once mare to 30 years in pr~son.
"I St:ill Have My Dignity."
"I have experienced ~noments of anguiah and desperation," said Carlos
Gutierrez, "but I still have my dignity and, as my son, Eloy, says, I do
not harbor hatred, nor rancor~ I literally follow the old Chinese saying
of the Tang dynasty, "do not dwell on the past or what is over; think of
~ the present; and prepare for the future." Do not think of the past or -
- what ia over. He repeated thia aentence constantly during his conversa-
tion with Pedro Par~uno, of CAIKBIO 16.
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. i~'d[t d~~ICIAL US~ ONI,Y
Nnt the gllght~et eemblgnr~ nf eompl~ine gg~in~C the gov~rnment thttt kep~ '
_ him pt~ny from hia f~mily, 1iv~.ng in fr~edom; noC on~ curae ~gainst Chose
wt~n fo~ghe wiCh his ~nn end who now keep him in pri~on~ '!They cannot ~~k
me Cn forget~ be~~une Co forgat doe~ not depend on ehe wi11 0� m~n. I3ut -
i do not harbor any rancor ~g~inet anyd~~~ neither here nor there." "There"
~nd "her~" ~dmeCtme~ b~com~ mix~d up in Gutii~rrez z~b~leta's mirnd on his
- firet d~y t~f freedom. There ere timeg when "here" i~ Havana and "there"
i~ ~pnin.
Th~y M~ke Life ~n~oyabl~
Nie life in Cuba in recent ye~rs was difficulC. "I 1iv~d ott 1~0 pegoe u
monCh," he said. "Seventy-nine belonged to me es n reCired peraon;
end Che rest came from the pension of my~ aon, Carlos, who dted in the
aesault on th~ palace. Actually two pensions were noC allowable; but I
had friend~ wha ~ucceed~d in obCaining a legal means to make it possibxe
to ~dd a part of Carlos's peneion to mine. And yet, with that amount
there wae not enough even for the most baeic needa~ and many times I had
to resign myself to one meal a dey."
The peychoeis of poverty accompanied Carloe G+itierrez on his firat wa~ks
in Medrid. The etore windowe claimed hie aetenCion--"there aren't any
there." It did not matter if they w~re grocery atores where cleanin~;
~ producte~ fabrice~ or photographic material were sold.
- "We ggve him a traneiator as a present," said Sara--"and hia obseasion
Was not to wear the batteries down. When we realized this and told him
not to bother about that~ that when they were worn out, more could be
bought, hie reacCion wae to ask for a dozen in case the storea should run
out of them." Marvelling, Carloe Gutierrez said that he had aeen a
toothbrush that stored toothpaste in its handle, and that only a alight
= pressure waa required for the toothpaste to appear among the briatlea.
- "These thinge are not neceseary~" he eaid, smiling~ "but it's Crue, isn't
~ it, that they make life more en~oyable and more comfortable?
The amile and the amieble ~est flashed into hie narrative when he recalled
~he incidente of his life~ however dramatic.
From Doctor to Black-Marketeer
"I did a little of everything in my life. My profeasion," he said, "was
that of doctor, eepecially in the field of rheumatiam. Then I was a
' soldier. Tluring the Civil Wac, I wae chief of the Carabineer Medical
~ Corps. I bec~ne chief of the central zone. Andalucia and Levante. When
the aar ended and I was barred from exerci$ing my profesai.on, I became a -
receiving cletk for bananas in a warehouae in Valencia! How miaerable '
were the women of the marketpYaces in Valencia! Then I was also a clerk
in the central atation tn Valencia. I was a black-mnrketeer in rice,
becauee we had to live aomehow. I was a waiter. In Cuba I was a
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J
,
~nR O~FIGIAL US~ ONI~Y
Via Blenca clerk~ wh~n ~hi~ highway wne be3ng bui.lt beeween ltavana gnd
Natanzae; ~nd l~~er, with thQ v3c~ory of rhe r~volutian, L returned
bxiefly to my real prc~fee~ion when I was m~de technica]~ deputy direct~r
of Che Natiional Ineeitute for Hydrology and Medical Climatoingy. Th~n T.
worked in spa~..."
The only thing that ae~ms to have been enduring with Cgxloa ^uti~rr~2
is hia faiCh dn socialiem. Upan arrivir~g in Madrid, before going to the
Red Crose to undergo an operation for cataracte~ before going to some big
stores Co acquire a very basia wardr~be, Carlos Gutiezrez went to the
PSOE [Spanieh Socialiet Workere Party~ headqugrtere. His visit had nothing
ta do wiCh protdcol. He wanted to ~leliver to tha Peblo Ig:~esias Foundation
an album of phoCos and eignaturee of illuatriouo edci,~lista~ from Largo -
Caballero to the Generalitat government, collected during hie stay in _
Mc+del prison, in 1934.
"It is my father's way of ahowing gratitude for the 1ettQ*:s that Luis
Yanez had been aending to him in Havana in recent m~nths," explAined his
daughter, Sara.
Enrique Mugica was th~ one who received the document and heard with aur-
priee the offer of the old man who had recently arrived from Cuba: "If I _
can be of any service to yo~a," said ~arlos Gutierrez, upon seeing the
huatle and bustle in the building caused by the elect~ral campaign, "count
on ~ne."
But, when the freedom of his ~on again became the topic of conversation,
the old socialist wearily commented: "If I were young, I would think
aSout founding an eclectic party."
Carloa Gutierrex eaid goodbye to his son, Eloy~ in pri~or. in Havana two
days before leaving for Madrid. Eloy ia in a prison hospital. He has
chic~cenpox. -
My Son Is Better.
"He ia now being treated well," said his father. "He is on a special
diet for a gastric ulcer and apparently they are considering the possibility
of an operation for a detached retina--the result of ill-treatment in
the Isle of Pines. Now they Are taking good care of him." The treatment
accorded Eloy Gutierrez Menoyo and h~.s father changed radically as a result
~ of Preaident Suarez's viait in September and the efforts of the PSOE.
"For yeare I have lived isolated from the world," said with sorrow.
"No on~ came to my house. Many whom I believed to be fi~iends avoided me
as soon ae Eloy opposed Castro. Then things changed. A few months ago,
whereae I used to encounter only eilence, for example, when I went to ask
the authoritiea for my departure permit, everything changed. They brought
Eloy home several ti.mee and Capeain Andres, who always accompanied him~
was so kind that we regarded him almost as a member of the family."
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~OE~ O~~ICIA1~ U5~ nNLY
~Iie ~dn'~ f.recdom i~ nnw hig greate~t obc~~seion. "~loy is not u Cerroriat.
Many time~ in tulking eogeCh~r we have commented ehat the coneequences of
bombe and violence ~nd by ruining tho~e wha ueiliz~ ehem. I am proud th~t
Eloy now saye thxC he ddes not haee or feel rancor. I ngree with that, ae
I do wieh his refusing to gCCept frEQdom ~f n11 political prisoners in
� Cuba are not aleo eimultaneously get free." ~
"Fidel Is Quite iteady"
The old Spanidh ancialiet believes thaC ttiaC moment ia near. "Cuba ie
changing~" he aaid, "perhap~ imperc~ptibly for mnny; but I have se~n
' things lately tt?at fnrQbode changee and I truet in ehem, for Che good of
Cuba."
He knowa Fid~l Caetro. For some time the Cuban lender confided in Carlos ,
Guti~rrez. On one occasion, he went by helicopter to Santa Fe, in the
Isle of Pings, to talk for an hour with the person from Madrid about ~
eatabliahing ~ome apas f~:� the purpose of providi.�q a tourist inducemenr
in the ieland. Upon the recent inetallation of the revolutionary govern-
ment, Eloy eaid to his father on a certain occasion: "What did you do
to,~idel that he apeaks admiringly of you?"
And in the opinion of Carloa Cutierrez, who only ~!~aracterizes Castro as
"quite ready," the Cuban leader seems to be up to Romething. BreezQe of
freedom are gently blowing over the ieland, it seema; and they might
affect Eloy Gutierrez Menoyo~ commander of the revolution and the last `
Spaniah political prieoner in a Castroite prison. Castro w':11 viei[t
_ Spain after the electiona.
C�~pyright 1979. CAMBIO 16
CSO: 3010
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CUBA
USSFt PUBLI8HE8 STATISTTCS ON SOCIALIST ACHIEVEMENTS
_ MoscoW VES'TNIK STATIS'rIKI in Russian No 1, 19~9 pp 6-9
/Texti? I. The Republic of Cuba for 20 Years
r ~ ~
On 1 January 1979 the working people of the Republic of Cuba and all
pxogressive mankind mark the 20th anniversary of the victory of the _
socialist revolution in Cuba. Cuba became the first state to build
socialism in the Western Bemisphere.
I~ the past 20 years Cuba has turned from the backWard, depen~ent, semi-
colonial, agro-industrial country that it Was before the 1959 xevolution
into an econotnically developed agroindustrial counCry in whicli
~ industry occupies a predominant position. Since the vfctory of the
revolution the nati,~n's induatry has groWn 2.9-fold.
5ocialist oWnerahip of the means of production is predoniiiant in all
sectors of the naLion~s economy.
Given beloW are certain data which characterize the success of
socialist construction in thb Republic of Cuba. .
1. TerLicory and P~pulation of the Re~ubli~ of Cuba
Territory of the Country 110,900 km2
Population at the end of 1977 9,E49,000
including the city of Havana 1,981,000 -
(within the limits of Greater Havana) '
Population Density per 1 km2 87
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2. PnpulaCion, 1~irL�h Rate, Dea~h RaCe and NatUra~. 7ncrease in Popula~ion ~
- I In~q r. ( If~~A r. ~9G5 r. 19;0 r. I!1:3 r, Ir7ii ~h17 r. -
I I ~ .
~
Population at *
mid-y~ar in b GSI) 7 11~'i i A10 H ri51 ~1;i2 li I !1 "~h,:i
thousands
Births pQr 1,000 2g~~, ,;t~,l ;1?,3 .7,i 20,7 IJ,9 17,ti
population
Deaths per 1,OOU ;,2~ r,l G,�~ u,3 s,~t s,6 5,~
populaCion
Natural Increase 2,~~~~ 27,g 11,�i 15,3 1~1,2 ; 11,~?
per 1,000
population ~
1. 1952 ~
3. ~cCenC of the Socialist Sector in the National lEconomy ,
(in percentag~s)
Gross Gross Retail Construction
Industrial Agricul- Trade
Produc- tural '~urnover
tiun Produc- Includin~
tion Public
Catering
~ . _ _
- 1'~~.�~ r. t~~~ rl aJ ~3
I~i;i~ r. 1~K1 i t~ ? Ilr?
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4. Production o� ~he Mosti''ImportianC Industirial I~em~ ' "
I i~w,~~ I t!~ru ! ior., I i~r~ i,~~r .
~ I
Electirical power, billions of kwh... ;~,~t I,n G,r, ~,2 '
Petroleum, thousands of tions..o..... 1i,,~ 159,1 2~~G~~i :~~t~! zss,8
S~P.@l~ thousands of tons.�.......... ,>i,l~ 1~13,G 3f1�,i,!1 2~ifl,li ~j~11,7
Ro11ed metal products, thous~ds o� ~3,1 2~8,t~ ~~~~1,2 ;;rn;,r,
Railway freighti cars I ri02 1'?I) ',ri~l
BUS@5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~� ~ - 3110~ 1718 I:~i7 IJiO ~
- ~
Cement, tihousands of tons............1 I;i ~ I'~ 'l 11A3 ~ 5111 2 GS~i
~
Sul~'uric acid ~in monohydrat~) ~
thOUSand3 O COriS ~ ~
1:3,1 �11,i II~I 3F': 17n
R3(~1QS ~ thoucar~ds..... a... s~ ( I,li~ I:l, l ~ 11 ~11 ~ ~ ~�0 '
Televisi.on sets, tihousands.......... ~ . 2~;,r, t 3:1,U
Paper, thousands af tons 18,1 31i, 1 fi3,0 i I,i G2~~J
Fabric--total, millions of sq. m.��. ~~~3~ ;g,o I ~~t 1~90
includinge
cotCon, millions of sq. m........ ~;i ~;{~,i ~,~~,n
Footwcar, millions of pairs......... , ~~~g
Fish, thousands of tons :i~~ ~ I i~, J i,~~,~?
Animal fat (industria]. producCion)
thousands of tons...... o.......... ~~~a ~ ~{,5 I�4,7 ~(j, ~
Canned vegetables, thousands of tons 21 33,~ ~8,~ ;32, ~
Canned f~uit, tlx~usands of tons q3,3= 28,~~ G1,5 G;,4 ;~,2
Canned fish, thovsands of tons...... 2~5 2,5 2~3
Ci~arettes, billions ~,~~2 ~;,~y 15,t
16,2
Cigars, millions , ~,a a~3 259
Granulated sugar