JPRS ID: 8368 TRANSLATIONS ON USSR MILITARY AFFAIRS

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JPRS L/8368
3 April 1979
~
TRANSLATIONS ON USSR MILITARY AFFAIRS
(FOUO 10/7'9)
CIVIL DEFENSE AT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES
U. S. JOINT PUBLIG4TIONS RESE~~?RCH SERVICE
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Nfrt'E
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nevspapere~ periodical� and books, but also from neae ggency
transmiesione and broadcaste. Materials from foreign-lenguage
sources are tranelated; thoee from Englieh-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted~ with the original phresing and
other characterieCice retained.
Headlines, editorial r~porte, and material enclosed in brackete
are euppiied by JPRS. Proceseing indicatore such as (Text)
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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or traneliterated are
enclosed in parenthesea. Words or names preceded by a quea-
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- Other unaCtributed parenthetical notes within the body of an ~
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JP~B L/8368
3 April 19~9 -
TRANSLATIONS ~1N USSR MILITARY AFFAIRS
~FOVO ~0/~9)
CIVIL DEFENSE AT AGRICUL7URAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES
Moscow GRAZHDANSKAYA OBORONA NA OB"Yp'IfTARH SEL'SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNOGO
~~ROIZVODSTVA in Russi.an 19~8 siqned to press 13 Oct 77 pp 159-218,
331-335
[Annotation, Table of Contente and Chapter 7 from book by
N.I. Akinav and V.G. I1'in, Izdatel'stvo "Koloe", 200,000
. copies, 335 paqes~ tftle paqe iaformation, table of contents,
- i�troduction and excerpts from book previously published in
JPRS L/8260, 2 Feb 79, FOW 4/79 of thie se~eiea, paqes 1-37)
Information on Autt~rs
(Text] V. C. I1'in vrote cha~ters 2, 7(except for the factora influeace-
ing work stabllity at facilities and the baBic ~eaaures for increasing
wrk stability at facilitiea), 8, 9 and 11 of this book; A. M. Antropov
and V. C. Kharin wrote chapter 12; N. I. Aktsov ~reote the rest.
Mnotation
This textbook exasines: CD tasks and organisation at agricultural facili-
ties; chemical, biological aad radiation dete~tors and dosiaeters; ~he
facility ~CD plan; organizing and conducting rescue and e~ergency restoratioa
vork within the territory of an agricultural facility and aleo a contaai-
aated urbaa facility; and other issues
;
1 (III - USSR - 4 FOUO)
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Table nf Contentd
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chgptpr 1. Civil Defense Tgsks and Organizational Structure
for an Agriculturgl Pacility . . . . . . . � � � � � � � � s � � � 5
1. The Capitalist Stat~:s' Weapons of Nase Destruction
and g Brief Desr.ription of Then . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Th~ Foreign States' Neane for Delivering Weapone of
t~ass DesCructicm to Ob~ectives (Targeta) . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3. Civil Defense Tasks. . . . . � � � � � � � � � � � � ~ � � � � 12
- 4. Civil Defense Orgenizational S~rucCure . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chapter 2. The Effect of Weapons ef Mass Destruction on
Agricultural Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1. Nuclear Weapons Effects on Agricultural Facilities 22 ~
2. itadioactive Pollution (Contamination) of the Terrain 28
3. The Effect of the Products of a Nuclear Exploeion on
People and Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
- 4. The Effect of the Pr~:ducts of a Nuclear Explosian on
Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
S. Conta~ination of Fish Life by Radioactive Substances 38
6. Contamination of Food, Peed aed Water by Radioactive
Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1. Cheai.cal Neapona Effects on People and Miaals 41
8. Conta~inat:ton of Terrain, Buildings, Food, Feed and
Water by Poisonous Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9. Chesical Agents Designed to Destroy Agriculutral Crops 48
10. Biological Warfare Agents Effects on People and Animala. 52
11. Contnnination of Food, Feed and Water by Disease-
Carrying Microorganisva and Toxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
12. Biological Warfare Agents Effecta on Plants SS
Chapter 3. Radiation +~nd Chemical Detect~rs and Devices for
Nonitoring Rndioactive Conta~ination and Irradiation 60
1. Types of Radioactive R89iation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ 60
2, ltnits of Neasureaent sor Radioactive Radiation 62
3. Purpose, Operating Principle a~ Design of Dosiseters 64
Puraose and Bxsic Perforoance Data for the DP-SB and
the DP-SA Iastr~ente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
E'urpose and Baeic Perfor~ance Data for Individual Doai- ;
aeter Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 �
4. Chemical Recon:iaissance Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
S. Ucvlceg for Detecting Rust Spores and Phytophthora
Sporea in the At~osphere and on Crop~ . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6. Storing Kice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Cl~aptcr 4. Protecting the Population Agsinst Heapons of Mass
Uestruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
1. Protective Civil Defense Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2
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Shelt~ere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Radiation Sheleere . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . , . . . 84
_ 2. Rules for U~ing Civil D~fense Protective Structuree 98
3. Uieperg~i and Evacuation of the Populetion 100
Reception and Lodging of People Involved in Dispereal
and ~vacuetion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
4. Individnal Me~ne of Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5. Procedures for Ueing the individual Firet Aid Kit at~d the
Individual Mtigae Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Chnpter 5. Actions of the Population Under the Threat of an Bnemy -
Attack and in Responae to Civil Defense Alerte 125
1. Actions of the Population Under the Threat of an Enemy
Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
2. Civil Defense Alerte and Actiona of the Population 131
Chapter 6. Adapting and Ueing Agricultural Equipmeet f.or Civil
befenae Purpoees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
1. Ueing Agriculturnl Machinery and Toola tn Decontaminate
the Terrain, Buildings, Structuree, Facilitiea and
Squipment and to Protect Plant Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 '
_ 2. En~loying Agricultural Aircraft to Protect Plant Life 149
3. Equipmen~ Employed to Protect Liveetock . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4. Adapting and Uaing Tractors~ Excavators~ I.and Reclamation
Machinery and Load-Handling Equipment to Nechanise Reecue
and Emergency Restoration Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
5. Safety Pteasurea When Uaing Agricultural and Specialised
_ Equipment for Decontamination Purposee . . . . . . . . . . 156
Chapter 7. Work Stability of Agricultural Pacilitiea in tiartime 159
1. Factors Influencing ilork Stabi'lity et Facilitiee 159
2. Basic Measures for Increasing ilork Stability at Pacili~iea 1b0
3. Protecting Mimal~ Against Weapons of Maee Aeetruction 166
4. CD Measuree to Eliminate the Aftereffecte of the
Enemy's Employaient of Weapone of Maea Destruction on
Live~tock Parms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Measures in Zonea of Radioactive Contamination 173
Meaeurea in a Center of Chemical Contamination 175
Besic Measures to Eliminate a Center of Biol~gical `
Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Veterinary Treatmenc Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
DecontaminAtinq Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Decontaminating the Territory of Liveatock Pariw and
Livestock Pacilitiea . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Rende~ing Medical Aseietance and Preventiv~ Nedical
Assietance to Contaminated Mimalb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Proceduree for Slaughtering and Conducting a Veterinary
Medical Enamination of the i~at of Mioals Sub~ected to
the Effects of Weapona of Maas Destruction 189
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5. ~cotecting Plante Ageinst Weapone o� Maes Destruction 192
CD Meaoures When P18nte.ere Contaminated by H~rbicidee 193
CD Meaeuree When Plants are Contamieated by Biological
Agents . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . 195
CD Megeur~e When Plante are Conteminated by Radioactive
Subetancee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . 197
CD Measures for Reducis~g Crop Loseee and 3urface
Contamination af Agricultural Producte by Radioactive
Subatancee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
- 6. Conducting Agricultural Production on Land with an increaeRd
Strontiuar90 Content . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 -
Basic Meaeures for Reducing the Entry of 3trontium-90
into Plants f rom the 3oi1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Feed Production on LanL with en Iecreaeed Level of Radio- ~
activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Feeding Agric~~ltural Mimals in Zones with an Increased
Level of Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
7. Ueing and Growing Timber in an Area vith an Increased Level
of Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
8. Protectiag and Decontaminating Food, Feed, Water end
Sourcee of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Decontaminating Food, Feed and Water Under Kolkhoz and '
Sovkho~ Ccnditione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
9. Quick llethods for Detecting Radioective 3ubstances,
Herbicidea and Biological Agente in Food, Feed and iJater 218
' Chapter S~ The Civil Defenee Plan for gn Agricultural Facility 224
1. Purpoee of the Civil Def~ense Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
2. Baeic Requirer~ente for the Civil Defenee Plan 225 '
3. Basic, Initi~l Data Required to DevPlap Civ~il Defense
Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
4~ Procedures for Developing, Approving aed ~orrecting th~e
Civil Defense Pl~n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22g
5. Ci.vil Defenee Plan ilo=uments and gheir Gontents 229
Brief Contents of the Basic Appendicee of the CD Plan 233
Chapter 9. M~thoda for EvP.~uating the Radiation Sit~:ation Baeed
on Reconnaiseance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
1. Determining 2ones of Contamination Based on che Known ,
Level of Radiatian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 ;
2. Deteraiining the Dosage of Radiation Received by People and ~
Misels Mhile Located in Cont~iaated Zonea and f~ihile
~
Traversing Suca ?ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
3. Determie~ing che itermiseible Ti~e for Remaining in a
Contaminated Zone eased on the Knam Level of Radiation 239
4. Detetmining toe Parmiesible Ti,e for Begiaaing tiork in a
Contaminated Zone vith a Civen Doaage of Radiation and
Detersinieg the Duration oi Wor: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
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S. Determining the Contamination of Crass in. Fastuz~s,
Crein~ Locel Food and Horizontal Surfaces by Radio-
active Subetancea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
6. Esttmating A.griculCural Crop I.oa~ea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 ~
7. Determining the Number of Shif tA for C~~nducCing Rescue
Work Baeed on the Radiation 53tuation Which Nas Developed ,
at the Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
8. Determining Work Conditiona fax KolkM~oz Workers~ Woriun~e
and 1~mployc~es in an Area of Radioactive Cnnt~aination 248
Chapter 10. Organizing and Conducting Reecue and Emergency
ResCoraCion Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
' 1. Organising Reecue and FSnergency Res~toration Work 256
2. Work of the Staff and Services in l.~reparing Data for the
Pgcility CD Chief to Make a Decisi+~n on Che Conduct of
Rescue Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
3. Conducting Rescu~ Wo:k at ac~ Agricultural Facility 260
4. Rendering Asgigtance to an Urban ~acility in Carrying
Out Rescue Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a0
S. Relieving CD Formation~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27g
~ Chapter 11. Fighting Pires and Jther N~atural Disastere in Rural
~Areas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Z81
1. Fighting Firea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Piref ighting Safet}? Fquipoent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
2. Rescue and F~ergency Restoratio~s Work When Cleaning Up
After an Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
3.~ Rescue Work During Cataetrophic Ir.undations (Fl~ods). 292
4. Rescue and Emergency Rec~troatio~~ Work During Hrrrrtcan~a 293
- 5. Reacue Work During~Torrpntisl D~~anpours, Landslides, Sno~r-
slides and Stw~r Drifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
6. Supporting the Actione of CD Fo;roations in Cleaning Up
Af ter Natural Disaeters end Their Aftereffects 295
Chapter 12. Pol.itical Indoctrina;ion H~rk with CD Formtion
Persot~ael in a Coabat Situatio~ and While Cleaning Up After -
Natural Disnsters. Moral, Politica:l and Psychological
Training is an Integral Part of the Training, for Civil
Uefense Forcea and the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 ~
1. The Organizstion~ Tasl:s and Content of Political Indoctrin-
atiun Work with CD Forsation Pe~~sonr?el in a Co~bat
sicuacton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
' 2. 5pecial Featurea of Political Indoctrination Work in CD "
Poroations During Exerciaes end While Cleaning Up After
Etatural Disasters end Accidente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
3. lbral, Political and Psychological Trainir g is an Important
IntegMal Part of the Tra ining arnd Indoctrination for
Persraael of Givil DeFenae iw~n-Militarized Forsations 306
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Chapter 13. Civi1 Defense Training for th~ Populgtion ~
of an Agricultural Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
1. Organizing end Planning Civil Defenea Training
for the Populatio~n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . � ~12
2. Training the Population and Leaderehip~ Commend,
~fficer and Rank and Pile Personnel of CD
Pormations ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 ~
3. Civil Defense Special Arms Tacxical Training
and Exercieee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
4. CD Training Facilitiee for an Agricultural
Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
5. Preparing to Take and Giving the RLD (Ready for ~
Labor and Delenee] Teete on the Section
"Civil Defense" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
AppendiceA . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . 327
~
CNAPTER 7. WORK 39PABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL '
FACILIT~(ES IN WARTIME
1. Factore Influencing Worlc Stability at Facilities
(Text] One of ehe main mieisions of CD ie increaeing the vork
atability of national econo~mic facilitiea during wartime, in- '
cluding agricultural facilities. ~
;
The problem of stable production of food and agricultural raN
materiale+ during a War is becoming one of the moet iuportant
problems in the matter of supplying theee materials to the
Armed For~ee~ the populatioa and induatry. This causes a
requirement to create, in peacetime, all the neceeeary pYe-
requiaites for normal functioning of agricultural production
uQder the exceptionally difficult conditione of wartime and
to thereby ensure the country a complete and uninterrupted
~ supply of agricultural produce. V. I. Lenin wrote that "The
beet army and the people most devoted to the revolution will
be immediately deetroyed by the enemq if they are not suf-
ficientlq armed. eupplied ~rith food and trained."*
4he facilitiee which, in p~acetime, relativelq realiatically ~
and precisely determine th~ factora which wi11 have a negative
effect oa production and the facilities vhich develop the .
appropriate meaeures which must be coaducted in peace and var
vill be better prepared for stable vork during warti~e. The
timely conduct of organizational, agrochemical, agrotechnical,
technical engineaxing and other ~easureg can m~nim~se the effects
of Weapons of mase destruction on agricultural facilities and
*Leain, V. I. "Poln. sobr. soch-" [Co~plete Collected WorksJ.
vol 34, p 408. _6_
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they can creatie favorabie ~ond~[tions to quickly eliminate
the aftereffecte of an enemy attack ~nd xo r~qaCoYe the3r
production activiCy. In th~e r~epect, by //wc++:k etab311ty
of an agriculturAl facility// during wartime~ wa mea~ ite
~ abiliCy to qu3ckly e:iminate the effecte o~ weapone of maee =
deat~uction ~nd ~o rertora prnduction of the appropriata
quality of agricultural produce gt the planned leval. ~
The basic calc�latione for evaluating the work etability of
a faciliLty primarily br~il doan to determining th~ poseibls loesee
in people, agricultura;', crope~ agricultural liveeCock--~ncluding ~
a Yeduction in their p~t~oduct{vity--and aleo loese� in other ~
meane of production. To make rlr~ee calculatione~ it ie nacee-
aary to have a knowledge of ~he fac~ors which will effect the 7
produceion proceee for agricultural rroducA. ~
The enemy'e amploynent of nuclear veapone can t?ave the largest ,
effect on a facility. Becauee of this, it ia verq important: �
to determine the facility's location in relation to the probable
eite of a nuclear etrike ahead of time; baead on an avaluation
of the pro'~abie situatian, to anticipate vhich ca~ualty pro-
ducing fEactore can hgve an eff.ect on the facility (vhich sona y
of radioactive~ contamination will the facility ba locatad in); t
aad aleo to eatimate the poasible production loaeea.
~
The effect of weapons of ma8s deetruction on facilitiee can alao t
be dependent upon their importance and area of specimmlization. ,
Therefore~ losses should be eetimated aith due r~gard for the a
area of specialization and tha voluma of agricultural production.
Accordinglq~ it is necasaary to plan snd conduct veaaurae which
increase an agricultural facility'e work etability. It ia aleo ~
important to take into ecceunt t~,e eeasonal nature of agriculturnl %
production. With comparatively eimilar effecte from weapona of
mase destruction, the ~ork atabilitq of agricultu~al facilitiee
will depend upon the period of production theee veapons ara used
in.
For example, primarily winter crope can be
deatroyed during ehe vinter; wintar aAd epring
cropa can be deetroqed during the spring; and
th~ ma~ority of the cropa under cultivatioe
can be destroyed during the ausmer. The
larg~at loeaes will be when the enemy employe .
veapons of mase deetruction during the apring-
suomer period. Plants are destroyed bq radio-
active irr.adiatioa to the greateat extent
during the tilling phase and when putting out
tubers.
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By considetiing the Facxors which have an effect on the work ~
~ stability of agricultural facilities and by ueing the appYOpriate
meChode, it is poesible to determine their w~rk eCabilitp ueder
the variegated conditione of wartime and i~t ie aleo poseible to
~ develop aad conduct measure� to increase ths work stgbility of
facilitiee. '
2. Basic Meaeuree for Increaging Work Stabil3ty at Facilities _
The meaeuree being conductad by the CPSU and the Soviet govern-
ment--to introduce new technical equipment and new technologies
into production on a wides,~read baeis, to accelerate the develop-
ment of agricultural machine building~ to expand the power
engineering capacities, tc increaee the output of mineral ferti-
lizers and chemicals for protecting planta, to eolve the protein
problem. to increaee the train3ng of personnel and employees of
khe popular vocations, as aell ae oCher meaeuxee--are having
a lArge~ positive effect on the work etability of agricultural
facilities.
To ensure etable work of an agricultural facility during a war~
it ia neceseary--based on on-hand facilit.ies--to develop, plan
and conduct, in peace and in war, a eyatem of ineasures directed
at minimizing the effect of weapons of mass deetruction a~n the
facility aed at creating favorable conditions to quickly elimin-
ate the effecte of an enemy attack.
In //peacetime//, primary attention should be devoted to creating
and preparing a eufficient number of radiation sheltere, stock-
piling iadividual protective gear and medical eupplies. ~~nd also
trainin8; the entire population for efficient protection i?gainet
the effecta of weapone of maes destruction during an ene~ay attack
and training them to conduct agricultural production. Tl~e more
reliably the population ie protectad and the less the loissee it
takea, the more favorable the conditione will be for rea~toring
atable Work for the facility.
The following preparatory measures wil' be of great impoctance
in ensuring the f~cility's work stabilf_y: etockpiling autono-
moue sourcee of electrical power and the necessary quantity of -
petroleum and lubricanta; adapting agricultural equipment and
maintaining it in good running order and in conatant readinsaa
for operation; creating the necesearq atockpiles of materials
to seal and reinforce the protective properties of reeidential,
liveatock, etaragt and other facilities and sourcee of water ~
auppliee and materials to protect (ehelter) grain, feed, vege-
tables and other agricultural produce during ita harvesting,
transport, proceesing and atorage.
' -8-
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i
- It ie always necessary to attempt to create the neceseary etock- ~
pilee of produce, feed, biological preparations, antibod~.ee,
decontamination agents for livestock and plante, protective agents
for plante, fertilizere and other materials. It is aleo neceseary
to etockpile those kinda of produce and feed whi.ch can be pre-
served for a long time--canned, frozen gnd sterilized produce
and feed in gran~Iea, briquete and concentrated form. It ie
advieable to develop rabbitbreeding, poultry breeding and fish
breeding in e~very way poeaible eince theae sectors prov3de more
produce with the leaet expendituras of labor and feed; in
addition, poultry hae a greaLer resietance to radioactive -
irradiation. ' �
Creating good hygienic conditions for houaing, feeding and using
livestock,conducting dieinfection and exterminating inaects and
rodente at farme on a regular baeis and alao planned immunization
of liveatock against infectious diaeases are of great importance.
- It ia neces8ary to aupply highly valuable pedigreed livestock
' and highly productive livestock with the simpleat individual
protective gear for their reapiratory organe and ~kin. It is
recommended that protective masks be made at all farms in peace-
time.
CD requiremente ahould also be taken into account during future
conatruction of new, atandard livestock facilitiea and also
when on-hand cattle pena, pigstys and poultry houaes are being
equipped and repaired. It is neceseary, on a more wideepread
baeis, to raise highly productive breeds of agricultural live-
stock which are moet immune to different diseasea and also
high-yield agricultural corps which are im~une to diseases and
which resist peeta. In gro~ring plants, the development of
irrigated cultivation and the timely and complete conduct of
agrotechnical, agrochemical, land reclamation and other measures
are of great importance in obtaining good, immune crope. It
ie neceasary to introduce vork automation and mechanization When
breeding livestock, groWing planta and proceesing raw materials;
it ia necessary to prepare And adapt agricultural equipment for
uee when eliminating the aftereffecta of an enemy attack.
/A system of ineasurea directed at increasing work etability of
agricultural facilities in wartime./ After the enemy employa
weapone of mase destruction, it is necessary to concentrate the
- primary efforte on: quickly eliminating the aftereffects of
thia attack. reatoring stable work at the facility and efficientlq
conducting agricultural production on contaminated territory for
the purpose of obtaining good quality agricultural produce at
the planned level. It ia primarily necessarq to restore the
loet resourcea. -
-9- .
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~
' FAR OFFICIAL U5E ONLY
When neceesary, firat-aid is rendered t~ the victima of the
gttack and personal cleanaing is conducted. Misaing manpower
is repleniehed with unin~ured people living on ~he facility's
_ territory. It is neceseary to enaure reliable protecCion againat
damage for the entire population during the production proceas. _
The people muat strictly obaerve the eatablished prACedures for
their conduct.
When the electrica3 poe~ex~ supply network is aevered, measures
are taken to reatore it. In this case, it is necessary,to
connect the faci�l~ity's autonomou~a electrical supply syatem and,
when neceesary~ take the appropriate measures Co reatore Che
centralized supply of electrical power to the facility. It ia
especially important to conduct this measure in a clear-cut
and timely manner at integrated poultry farma, poultry combines -
and liveatock complexes where,the production proceas can be
completely interrupted without electrical power.
In restoring production activity, it is neceasary to uae the
equipment remaining at the facility on a wideapread basis (motor
_ vehicles, tractors, agricultural machinery, etc.). Damaged
machinery and equipment which can be reconditioned ia reconditioned
and uaed as asaigned. When necessary, contaminated equipment
undergoes specialized cleansing.
- Special gttention muat br� devoted to aupplying the agritultural
facility with petroleum and lubricanta. The requirementa for ~
them are eatabliahed by estimating all the worlc to be accomplished
from the time of the enemy's employment of weapons of mass
destruction up to the end of the year (tilling, putting down
fertilizer, weeding, watering, harveating, etc.). At the same
time, the petroleum and lubricants remaining after the employ-
ment of weapons of mass deatruction are taken into account; -
the appropriate requisitions are aubmitted to higher organiz-
ations for the deficit.
When necessary to eliminate the aftereffects of the enemy's
employment of weapons of masa destruction and to restore stable
work at the facilit ~
y~ meseures are conducted to decontaminate
the terrain, radiation r�eltera and ~he approaches to them,
residential buildinga, ~ivestock~ storage and other facilities,
water sources, produce ,znd feed. It is very important to re-
store and replenish the appropriate decontamination equipment, ,
chemical agenta for protecting plants and for veterinary cleansing
of livestock and'also atockpiles of fertilizer in a timely mannAr.
When neceaeary, vet�erinary aid is rendered to contaminated live-
stock. In horticulutre, agrotechnical, agrochemical and other
- measurea are conducted to preserve and grow corps with consider-
ation for the apecial features of the soil on the facility's
territory, types of plants, the aeason and climatic conditions.
-10-
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~
FOtt dFFICiAL U5L ANLY
Tha avount end natur~ of the measur~s to r~~rtore Lhe facility's
stnb~e producCinn ectivi~y vt11 depend an th~a type nad yie18 of
thQ v~apnas ampioyed by th~ ea~~y, nn the degre~ of the Offec!
ef ~heir c~ruolty produciflg ~actar� oa individuel �~ctors and
o~n Ch~ facility a� o vh~l+~, i.~.. on the �ituatioa Mhich devalop~
at rh! f~ci~ity.
if the facility i� //~n su~:^~~r A-1 aed A-2 of tho rsdiuactiv~
cont~t~ia~tioc~//~ th~n .11 the restrictions vhich vare int:o-
duced undar Che CD alart "Daager of Radioactiv~ Contasinationt"
are c~ncelied. There are no re~trirtions on the vork ti~e in
all sectort of ~`riculturai production. Live~tock can be located
on open i~ad ~nd t~ed is ua~d vithout eny r~~triction~, if the
~iveetock h~ve eaten contasiasE~ed teed~ thea the adult popui~tio~
i� alioaad to us~ the fr~sh ~ilk oe the third day in th~ fir~t
�ub~on~ and oa the f~fth day in th~ �~cond subsone; chiidrln asR
alloved to u~e it on the iSth and 25th aays, r~spectively.
Live~toc!~ de~tiaed for ~lau~h~er undergo viterinary clean~iag.
- The produce fro� ali agr.iculu~ral crop� can b! u~Rd !or nutri-
tive purpo~e� vithout aey restrictioas.
//In oubsone A-3 of th~ radioactive coatasinetion//. the populace
must remai~ ia radiation �helter� for � 24-hour period. It i�
po~~ible to leave the~ for 2-3 hour~, 12 hour~ after the
ex~losion. Aduit live~tock ~hould be kept ia clo~ed facilities
for a 24-hour period and yo~na liv~stock for a 4-day period. -
Except for oilkcove, it i� peraitted to put livestock out to
paeture tvo day� aft~er the f~llout and dilkcovs can be put out
~ three days after. The milk obtained during the Eirat �ix dar�
must be proceseed; on th~ �eventh day. adults can u~e it and
children on the 25th doy. Live~tock can be siaughtered for
meat only after veterinary clean~ing. 8xcept for th~ upper.
conta~inated layer, feed caa be used vithout any t~rtrictions.
Except for vheat, it is pttoitted to u~e all a~ricultural croFe
a� food on the �~cond day afcer tbe radioactivt f~llout.
//In subzoae A-4 of the radio~ctive conta~ination//~ the populace
muvt reosin in radiation shelters vhile at the s~se tise o6~erv-~ �
iag the e~tablishsd procedure~~vhich can be caacelled after
ten day� h~ve passed. Adult liv~rtock �ust be kept ia live~tock
facilitie� for the first tvo days and young li~estock ~u~t be
kept in for the first five dar~. The facilitie~ in �ubsone A--4
ere sealed for 1.5-2 houra. it is per~itted to put the live~tock
out to pasture on the tbird day. The silk obtained during tfie
first 5 daya is proceased; adulte caa use it on the6th day
and children oa the 25th day. Except for the upper 10-15-c�
layer, it i� permitted to u~e feed vithout any re~trictions.
Live~tock are slaughtered for se~t after v~terinarr cleao~los
vithout aay re~trictions. All agricultural crops can be used ~
-11-
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- I~Oit dF~tCIAL U5C ONLY
fnr nutritive purpo~ra on thp Chird day gft~r the radioactiv~
- fallout.
//In subaone B-1 of the radioactiv~ eontaminati.on//, vork -
at~bility will b~ greatly dep~nd~nt upva the people'o observance
of the proceduree for their conduct gnd their accomplishment _
of Chp recomvendatione on conducting agricuitural production.
During the first feur daye~ the populac~ muet remain in radiation `
ghelterg and they must obaerve the eetgbliehed proceduYee. It
ie advieable to keep liveatock in closed,eealed facilitiee. if
we~k and old ?iveoeock were located on op~n land gnd if they have
~~ten contam~nated gr~ee, it is recomsended thaC they be elaugh-
cered ~or meat after a veterinary cieaneing. Cattie can be put
~ut to pe~turp on the 4th d~y; milk can be ueed by adults on
thp ~th day aed by children on the 30th dey. Except for the
upper td-l5-cm 1~yer, it ie permitted Co uee the feed without
any restrictione. tt ie recommended thaC fielde with isolated,
heAVily edntn~oinated agricultural crope be reeeed~sd and thet ~
the appropriate agrotechnical measures be conducted on a regular
baeis to grow a good harve~t. when plant groath etope, they
should be cut for silage or hay. Except for vheat, ell agri-
cuitural crops can bp ueed ae food ou the 3rd day after
the redioactive fallout and vheat can be ueed 1~ days after. -
After a preliminary cleaneing, fruits and vegetablea are uaed
Without any teetrictions.
//In eubzone B-2 of the radioactive contamination//, the
facility's Work stablity vill be greatly dependent upon the
measures for reliably protecting the populgce, liveetock, pre-
pared agricultural produce~ and also upon reetoring and creating
the appropriate stockpiles of food resources. The populace
mLat remain in radiation ahelters for a period of six daya while
observing the establiehed procedures at the eame time. During
the first days after contamsnatioa. it is necesedry to accomplieh
only the moet urgent vork on caring for the livestock, decontem-
inating the surrounding territory and several other ~obs on
eliminating the radioactive contamination. It ie recommended _
that edult livestock be kept in faciliti~e for three daye aed
young liveetock be kept in for a period of five ~ays and it ie
recommended that they be given clean (not contaminated by radio-
active subatances) feed. It is permitted to take livestock
out to paeture on the 7ch day; adulte can use the �ilk on
the lOtl~ day and childrea on the 30th day.
Ae a result of the effect of radioactive eubetances in subzone
B-2, large crop losses are possible; moreover, individual crope
will almost completelq perieh. It ie recommended that everything
poeaible be ha~vested from the fields, decontaninated and sent
fo~r technical processing. The fielda vhere planta have died must
be reaeeded (early ri?ening crops are sovn).
-12-
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FOR OFFICIAi. U5~ ONLY
//Subzone 8-3 of the radioactiv� conteoiaation.// Und~r the
conditione of the h~avy radioactive contamination of ehis
~ub~eone~ prioatiy attention i� first directed at reliably pro-
tectir~g thr populece, livestock, food producto~ fead and varer
sources. It ie priearily nac~ooary to ure v~il-prepsr~d radia- `
tion sheltero. real~d liv~oCock and other facilities~ appropri-
ately protacted vater sources, iedividual protective gear and
preventive medicai gear; it ie aiso necessary to otrictly observe
the procedures ~or tha p~ople's conduct and the procadures for
kaaping the liveetock. During the firat six deye aftar a eucl~ar
explo~ion, the populace must re'ain in radiation sheiter4 and
they muet otrictly observa the eatabliahed procQdure. for th~ir
conduct. Upon the expiration of this period end du:ing a period
- of 14 ~aya~ it is poe.ible to vork 8-10 houro a day and to
epend the remaining time in r~sidential facilities. Durifl g the
firet daye, it ie neceesary to accompiish only the mieimum of
Che extremely important aork. During the first �ix days after
ehe explogion~ livestock su~t be kept in ciosed facilities and
they muet be kept ie sealed facilities during the firot daye.
Feed and vater vhich is vell eheltered can be used vithout aay
reetrictione. It ie permitted to put the livestock out to
pasture on the ninth day after the explosion. The idult popu-
lation can use the mi~k on the lOth day and children can u~e it
on the 30th day. If liveetockare located on open land during
the radioactive faliout and during a period of 12-24 hour� afLer
the faliout, it is recommended that they be evacuated b~syond
thie aone and ieoediately slaughtered for seat. Cereal grain
crope and peas mu~t b~ reeeedad. Patatoee, root crops and
fruit muet be harveet~ed.
The folloving ~obs vill be conducted: decontamination of the
territory, produce, feed, various facilities; personal cleansing '
of people; veterinary cleansing of agricultural livettock; aod
epecialized cleaneing of equipment,
//The zone of dangerous radioactive contamination (C).//
Ag a result of the dangerous radioactive cont~sination //i~
subsone C-1//, primary attention ia directed at conducting
timely and effective protective measures. Tho vopulace sust
remain :n vell prepared radiation sheltera ~or a period of
10 days and they ~uet obeerve the establi~hed procedures.
During the firat four days, the most urgent vork on elesentary
life support activities for people and livestock oust be con-
ducted. 2he latter must be kept in sealed livestock facilities.
Produce aad feed vill be covered up and atored in atorehouses.
For practical purpoeee, it is extresely difficult to conduct any
vork on groviag plants. When necesaery. it i� advisable to
harvest potatoes, root crops aad fruit. The required work vill
be conductad on deconta~in,~ting the territory, produce, feed~
-I3-
FOR OPFICiG.S. U5E ONLY
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Fdtt O~t~ICIAL U5~ ONLY
faciliCiee, sanitary cleansieg of people, veterin~ry clean~3ng _
of liveetock and specialized cl~~neing of equipment; the work on
r~~tdring agrieultural produetion will elro be cgrried out.
For gli practical purpoeee, it te nor adv~eable to conduct
egricultural prdduction //in eubaonea C-2 and C-3 of the
radioactive contamination//. Peopl~, liveetock, produaa, fead
gncl vater sourceo muut be reliably eheleered. If the oppotitunity
preeenta iteelf, people and livestock muet be evacuat~d to un-
contgminaCed or le~e coetaminated ~reer upon the ~xpiration of
five days.
TheBe are the baAic principlee for ensuring etable aork nt
agricultural facilitiee during wartime. At that time, reliable -
protection of liveetock and livegtock produce, plants and
plant producs and aleo water eourcee againet the effects of
Weapoes of maee destructic~n ig of exceptionaily gtieat importance.
3. Prntecting Animale Against Weapone of Mass De~truction
Nhen the threat of an enemy ettack ariees, vork ie conducted
~t the farm for the purpoee of preventing deetruction of agri-
culCural animais or of minimizing the effect of aeapons of
mass destruction on them. Liveetock and other facilitiee are
prcpered to protect agricultural anin~als. Rough and succulent _
Feed end eources of vater are covered. Stockpilea of the equip-
ment required to eliminate the aftereffecte of the employment of
veapone of mae~ deetruction are checked and eet up; agriculturel
equipment is prepared to vork in centere of deatruction. Obaerv-
ation of the atmoaphere, young planta and plant bede is increaeed
, for the purpose of detecting a nuclear exploeion or the enemy'e
employment of cheoical or biologicAl aarfare agents in a tisely
manner.
/Protecting animals in divestock facilitiee./ The livestock
facilltiee vhich are on-hand at the farm and whizh are prepered -
in the appropriate maneer are primarily ueed for group protection
of animale. The preparation primarily coneiets of sealing them.
Por thie purpose~ clay, cement, lime (62X elaked lise. 32X water,
6X eodium chloride), clay-gresee (3 parte clay, 1 pert grease)
and other mortare or plasters are put on the ceiling and cinders
or sand are used as fill from above. Hole� in the walle and
betveen the vindow parte are filled vith conventional or clay-
grease putty. It is recommended that part of the aiedowe be
tightly aealed up with brick or panels and several vindoae should
be left for natural lighting of the facilities; Mooden penela
covered vith tarpaper or other thick material are ~ade for them.
It !a best to seal the vindovs vith film, attaching it along the
perimeter of the vooden edges. Por the best seal. the edges of
the film should be pasted down vith a clay-grease putty (3:1).
Sealing the vindova vith filn ia the cheape~t and ~ost reliable
-14-
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FOIt dFFtCIAL U5L ONLY ,
eegl fnr preventing Che penetretion of N8C egeetr or
euy~arancee.
Thp doora to livpetock faciiitiee are repaired and rovered
vith enrp~p~r, ruhbQr-treated materia~ or fiim. To rainforcp
the door framee, the plACee vhera thay ~oin the vali ar~ fillad
vith e cesent or other mortar. The piace� ahare ehe door foide
~oin are covarad vith ~ aide plank eatied half vay up the door.
A etrip of el8stic material--groov~d or epongy rubber or fe1t--
ie gttached along the entire perim~ter of the door fraoa. The
- ~ame kind of strip ie nailed to th~a piank covering the hola
betvean the foida of e doubie-fold door. If the door opane
~n~ clemp bolts eYe attached to it for a tighter fit; if i~
opene out, drea-in bolt� ar~ pur on te. Cureaina sade from a
tblck material are hung on ehe insida of door openings; they
are ti~htly attachad to the door frame. Sntrances vhich ara
us~d on a dai~y baeie arn equipped vith a veetibule of euch
_ ei~e that it ai11 be poeeible to apen and ~lose th~ outer door
vhile loceted in it.
Ventilation ducte (shafte) and openinge of the tributary venti-
laCion sy~tem are packed with burlap bags or eacks filled vith
' eaaduet, hay, etc. from the facility side; the duct� are covered
aith a stopper (flap), but, in euch a sanner that the ventilgtion
eyetem can be opened quickly vhen naceeeary. Por be.t protection
against gamma radiation, dirt i� heaped around the outside vooden
walie up to approximately the vindovs (a height of 140-150 c~)
or a fenca is built at a di.taace of SO-60 cs fros tha vall snd
the BPACE betveen the fence and the vall is filled with dirt.
If there ie not enough room in the facility to eet up a 5-7-
day supply of feed, a sealed lesfl-to 'ade froa boards and covered
aith t~rpaper ie built for thie purpose actoss fros on~ of
the door~ or vindowe. A supply of clay or li~e i� k~pt in the
facility near the doore ta �ake �ortar vhich can be used to
cover holee vhich are di~+covered.
It ie n~cessary to plov up che tsrritory around the peri~e~er
of the liveetock farm to prevent fires fro� the burning dry
graeg. Panela vith firefighting equip~ent are aet up at a di~-
tance of 20-30 m from the facilities.
To protecr the people who are teking care of the live~tock, one
of the inner roo~e (g relaxatioa room) is equipped or a radta-
, tion ahelter in built aear the livestock facility. The plan�
for theee ehelters ere developed vith an exit vay to the ve~tibule
of the livestock faaility. The �ini~ai nuober of p~opie--at
least three p~ople for one facility and 4-S p~opl~ p~r iS0-200
oiikcovs at a silkcov facility--are left to take car~ of the
livestock.
-15-
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n~~tctnt. us~ ~t~tY
ti~p~nding on the type of f~~ility, thp filtrgCi~n Ct?pffiCienC~
for ehe faciliti~n vh~~h are prepared Co prot~rt livestock
f1~~~tuete from 130 to 300 for rAdioactiv~ Aub~t~nCea and
from 40 to b0 for gaseous rhemicsl eg~ntg (fc~r th~e numb~r
' gpeclfied, the conepntratioe of redioective eub~eencee or
chemical aarfare ~gent~ a~thin the facility ie leee than the
concentration outaide by a factor of 1). Conteminated
ine~cte, ticke and rod~ntr cannot penetrat~ these kinde of
faciiitiee. A brick livestock facility decr~ae~e the radia-
tion by ~ factor of 10-15 and ~ wooden one decre~~~~ it by a
factor of 3-S. When livestock ar~ being k~pt in g eealpd
facility, conditione are created vhich promote the deotruct~on
of cheoaicAl werfarp agee~s vhich penQtrate it through hol~~
(in~r~aged humidity and air temperaCure and the pr~eence of
ammonia). Due ~o ~hA un~qu8 eupport of the Cempprature and
air aithin euch fscilities, gaeeoue end cloudy ~ubaeanc~e and `
amok~ cannot freely penetrate them.
A 5-7-day eupply of feed (baeed on thp minimal norm~) i~ ept
- up in a eealed facility; vhen there ie no centralised water
.
~uppiy (fro~ a well), vater ie stmckpiled for the same period
of tim~. At a fir~proof dietance from etructures, an addition~i
7-10-day eupply of hay, covered vith the meteriele at hand,
ie eet up on the fgrm'e territory. The minimu� daily norme
of feed and vater ares for cattle, ~bout S-6 kg of hay or
about 4-5 kg of hay and 1-2 kg of concentrated feed end ebout
20-30 1 of vater; for eheep and goa~a, about 0.S-1 kg of hay
and ~bout 4-S 1 of vater; for hoge, about 6-8 1 of vater and
gbaut 2-3 kg of concentrated feed. Salt ie eliminated from
the ration. Peed gupplies are put in epecial gectione of
the facilities, in feed passagee and in lofte. It ehould be
borne in mind that the feed will ~erv~ ae an additional layer
vhich decreaeea the gamma rays. Data on the chengee for a
few elemento of the microclioate in a eeeled cou barn are
cited in Table 31.
Research has ehovn that cattle. sheep, goate and aleo hogs
endure the increased teoperature and humidity in a sealed
facility c?ith the moet difficulty. To i~~~rove the microclimate
in such a facility, litter vith an increaeed 'oieture capacity
ehould be uoed end �ea~uree ehould aleo be taken to reduce the
content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the air and to pre-
serve the oxygen content. Por these purpoeee, using kerosene
devices for lighting ia not recoe~ended and it is not recoo-
vended that livestock be di9turbed.
The length of time for keeping livestock in a eealed facilicy
deQenda on the temperature and husidity of the oucer air. the
vind speed and the voluae of air in the facility. ilhen the
-16-
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FOR dFFICtAL Ugg I~NLY -
'Ceb1e 31. ~igure~ nn th~ Mi~rdelim~t~ !n ~~ea1~d Cav
ggrn. -
[ ~ ~ ~ ~4 ) ~~~~n:~~~.~ ..s~n.
j~1Aw~1~ WMeiAtNA?MA IMM
aa.r..:
1 )~r+l iktAt~Af~~M~1 � Nstrt~ilM~M M~AAatf?
(tPMf'~) 1"A) ~
~ +lM~~r~ ~R~
1'~il i)
s
~ A~ tkp~t a~KprrtMey ~xs~e. : 16 111 0,4 o~A72 0~0~1~
WlNMl1
~ 9~:locae ~N ~~ta~ ~~8 0~901 O~IM
8 y ~10) q~ 9b l~i/ - -
12 t ~ 10~0
yIb~ i 41 If10 8~3
~ ~ 10~0 8~;q O~Si~ O,Ia
i7 r s
liotes 1. Theee matpriale verp obtained vhen pedigrte h~ifere
und ~oae virh a daily �ilk yi~ld of 7 1 ver~ kept in � f~rcility
~or. e 24-hour period. 2. Th~ outer air te~peratur~ f~ueeuatld
~roo +16 d~greQO during eh~ dar to +2 detra~s in th~ ~ornina;
vind epepd flucCuated fros 1.S to 2.5 ~/~~c. After the live-
gtock 4~ad bean kapt for ~S houra, th~ outar air t~~pt~ratur~
droppsd ~o +2 degree� and ihe vind �p~~d increa~~d to 2.S
m/eQC. ~
x~r:
1. Study ti~~
_ 2. Te~perature ia facility (de=reer)
- 3. Relative hu~idity
4. Coecent� of the air in the facility
S. Corbon dioxida (p~rcenc)
6. A~~onia (s~/1)
7. gydrogen �uifide (~g/1)
8. B~aEore closin~ the facilitr
. 9. After cl~~~ng zhe fa~ilitys
10. Hour�
nuter air t~~Peratur~ i� low and th~ vied �p~ed i� bigh.
liveetock can ba kept longer than vhen the t~sp~rature i� bi`~,
the vind ap~~d is 1ov and the hu~idity hi`h. Sp~cifically,
- in a sealed. standard brick facility (vi~h a nor~ of 16 cubic
�eters per cov, 12-13 aquare �et~rs p~r ronng c~tt1~ up to
2 rears of age and 6 aquare �eter� per hog). live~tock can
~+ithstand th~ follovi~g conditioo~ vithout any dasag� to thtir
health: up eo 72 hour� in tht vinter vith daily fiuctnatioa�
in outer air tt~peratur~ fros -20 to -2S dtsr~~s ~nd a viad
epeed of 2-4 �/~~c and up to 90 hour� vith ~�trona vind (S-6
�/eec); up to 24~ hour� during v~r� �ea~ons vith an onter air
te~per~ture of +10 to +20 d~gre~~ and a vind �pt~d of 0-3 �/~ec
-17-
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~Utt tll~t~tClAt, U~3g dNLY
nnd up t~ 34 hnur~ with an e4r temperatur~ of to +16
degr~~e. in a Aeaied dugo~t, mudhut or r~mod~ipd ~rtlage
Er~nch, ~heep v~ighing up to 46 kg vith a norm of 3�quare
me~~rA p~r animal ~an vi~hatandt up to 20 hauire dn hot dayg
k~th dgily f1~~ctue~ionr in out~r air t~mp~r~ture frou 19 to
30 d~gr~pe and a a~~k vind ~0-Z m/e~c); up to 55 houra in
~ariy rprin~ ~nd laep f~11 aith an out~r eir teapergture from
to +1 d~gre~e ~ad ~ veak wind; an~� up to SS hour0 ~n the v+inter.
Aftpr th~ time m~etioned hae paes~d, thp faeilitiee should be
~ir~d ouE for a peried of tvo hour~. ThQn, ~fter half o~ the
_ drigingl time of the Bni~A1'e stay in theAe fa~ili~ias fiae -
pae~~d, i~ i~ neceeeer~r ~o repa8t ~he ai4ing.
Vpncilgtion pi~~a ~~e b~ op~ned im~ediateiy e~fter th+~ radioactive
duer. h~e ~ettl~d nn ~he ground. in thia ca0e, the paraage df
radio~~~ive duat into th~ factiity th~ough the vent~lation pipe
eg ~ r~~ult of thp a~~oedery formation of dust doee not pr~eent
~ thr~at te th~ ~nimala. in ehe event the farm's territory
ie conta~inated aith earin gae in th~ eu�wer, iL vill evaporate
and deeoopose several hours later (6 houre later vith a ooil
t~sperature of 20 d~greea and 12 hours ~ater vith a teoperature
nE 10 degreeo). Ae soon aa thQ dangQrous concentration of the
ch~~ical v~rfare agent disappeare, it is necesoary to partiaily
un~eal the focility i.~eediat~ly.
Wh~n ~quipping �od~rn liv~stock facilities vith ~ forcQd v~ntila-
~ tinn s~r~tp~, ic ie necee~a~y to p1er~ a#ilter �ade fto� �aterial
at hand (Petryanov febric or activaced carbon) in the opening
nf the air intake and it i� neceoaarr to �uppiy ~lectrical pover
for operating the ventiletion �yste� and other �achinery.
The resuits of speciai studie� hav~ ihovn that,
Mhen 8 hog breeding co~plex for 1,600 ho`� i�
geal~d up and the forc~ad ventilation syate� i�
switched oEf, the ani~als can be kept up to 6
hours in th~ vinter iE th~re ia an averag~ of
3.1 culric �etera of air for each �nisal. sy -
che 6th hour. the air te~perature in the facilitr
inereaaae to 12-14 degrQes, the relacive husidity
increo~ee to 100 p~rcent and the carbon dio~cide
content inc reaees ~0 1.4 percent. The pu18e of
[he adulc ho ga increaaes to I30-140 per �inut~
and their reepiration goea up to 110-120.
Poultry at ietegrated poultcy far*� vae in evln
~or~ dire straits vhea th~ ventilation �yst~�
va� shut off.
-18-
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- /Bquippitlg orher fac~litieR ~o pr~~t~ct animais./ V~gatabie
bins, eilag~ er~eeh~e~ vint~r shQ~leQrA~ h4rbicide sheds and
berne can bd ~quipped for this pu~�po~Q. They ara ooalQd ~ust
~~ke th~ livQStock facilities ar~� A iag ceiitng io buile over
riiage e~anefiQS, e~rpeper or sttraa ia lgid over ie ~nd it is
c~vQreB ov~r vieh a~0-54 cm iaya~.� of dirt lrom abov~. V~ntila�
tion pi~~e aith s cro~e e~ctioe of' 40 by 40 c~ and aith screene
on ehe faeiiity side are ran ~hrough the roof eo the ou~sid~;
a vestibule vich thick doore ia bt~iit for gn �etrance. Sev~r~i
v~ndowr ahich ar~ �ealea v~th fila are sad~ for naturai lighting.
Quarries, ravin~~ ~nd rec~ri~e ie ~he ground caa b� �quipp~d in
che appropriat~ ~anner.
If ehere not ~nough liveetock and o~her ~acilitia~~ it ie racom-
�eed~d that mudhuce and dugaute with eealad ~ntrance� and
eealed ventileti:~n ~;?stese be buixt to protect cetti~~ Por
- dugouis, a 2.S-3 m da~p and 3-4 � aida trench is dug; a log
ceiling ie bu~lE over ~t and it iu cavared by a 40-60 c� l~y~r
of dirt. Th~ ground vater lar?~1 ahould b~e taken into con~ider-
ation vh~n coestructing dugoute. When the tround i� v~ok~
the va~~s ar~ rainforced vith vattle or boardr. ?rougho are
buiit inoide th~ dugont� �ad mudhuta; drainage chann~i� for
urine aed a pit for fac~� are dug out. A dugoue is built for
- Z-4 ani~ai� aad a~udhut i� buil~t for 6-10. 8sp~cially valua-
bl~ live~tock can ba shelt~red �ora r~liably in duEouts.
Thr protectiv~ prop~r~ies of eh~ t~rrain cae b~ u~ed ~o prottct
livestock egain~t overexpo8ure durieg the shock vave and cloud
of a nuciaar expio~ions ravinas, ~an~ons and large voods. The
radiation protectioe coefficient nf voods is 2. tiveotock ou~t
b! driven ieto the vood~ to a distance of at laaat SAO s~ro~
the edge o! it. Sh~lt~ring 1i~errock under cover in th� vood�
eneur~s ~or~ reliablt prot~ction ~or the~. Sparee voods and
bushea eannot ~erve a~ protectioe at~inat N8C agent� and �ub-
stance~.
Ravines aad canyons cannot be uf.~' prot~ct liv~~tock Agoin~t
~C varf.�r~ .a~nts vhich accu~ulat~ in th~ lov land� and r~~ain
there for a long t3s~.
/Bvac~s~tinj liv~stock./ itith the anse! of th~ d~ager of an attack~ l
livestock are evacuated to aafe di~tance� fro� far~� loca~~d
aear �a~or citita aad ieportant iadnstrial ia~tallotioas. They
are aleo taken out of areas vhere flooding is anti:ipat~d. In
these ca~es~ previouslr pr~pared sudhuts. depre~~lon� ia th~
ground, ~anyon~~ utility buildia~~, ~tc. ar~ us~d at the
ca~tie rar~h~iling are~� (th~y .rt prepar~d to prot~ct liv~seock
a~ poiated out ~bove). Liveatack ar~ evacnat~d by �otor vehicl~
trae~aport or th~y are driv~n. Por the~e pnrpose~. railroad
cran~portatioa can ai~o be u~~d.
-19-
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~o~ o~Frcini. us~ nrtt.Y
/ProCeeting iiveetosk in tr~nait./ When cettle are b~ing
trnnnportr.d throuRt~ rent~rh af contnminAlion hy motor vr.hirlr
~nd by rgil or vhen ~h~y arQ b~ieg carted out of eY~aae vith
g dang~roua 1~ve1 of radioactive durt cont~min~tion~ all n~e-
~ee~ry m~80urps gr~ taken a~ that peopie and liveetock do not
become con~aminatpd during traneport. Th~ hatchee end doore
of railroad care are ciosed. Livestock ~n motor vahiciee are
~overed wiih mat~rial et hand ~film, tarp8ulin). During the
trip through a center of co~ntamtn~tion, individual protective
~ g~~r ie ueed for ehe reepiratory organe of peopla and l:lvaetock.
The tranaport paesee through a center of conteminaeion ae high
epeed end aithout any stope (FiBure 63~) [figute not reproduced).
/individual protective gear for livestock./ Thi~ gear ie pri-
marily intended for highly vaiuabie lives~ock and a18o for thore
ca~+~s ahere cattl~ are being driven (carted) out of ceeteru of
contamination. Protective maeka are made from the matari~l
nt hand to protect the reepiratory end digaetive organg of
eatti~ ~nd horeae. The protective maek coneiets of a case,
a bottom and a etrt~p. Tha case and batt~m of it ar~ eade
from three layers of buriap vith a filtering materisl placed
betwaen them: oakum, vool, moss. The PAF ~Petryanov analyticai
filter~ or the PABP (Petryanov abeorptivQ fiiter~ are the best
materiai for filters. Strap~ are sean on the mask to attach
it to the animal's face and oo the edges of it vill fit ~nugly
agaieet itd fece. Si~c pockQts are mada aiong the entire length
of the perieeter of the case and gma11 vooden aticke 15-17 cm
long are put in pach of them (they give the eaek a etable form
and keep it from clinging to the anioal'e face vhen it inhalee).
Stiff paper covero, ae well as tarpaulin, film~ burlap, straw
mata, etc., are uaed to protect the skin of animals. The
lioba of anieal� arg protected agaiest chesical varfare agenta
by tarpaulin ~tockings ireated vith oil; after first vat[ing
the limbs viCh aater, tfiey can be smeaYad vith a clay-lime
paete (1 bucket of clay~ 2 1 of vater, 1.5 kg of bleaching
powder). The liebs are prntected in those ca~es vhere it i�
nec~ssary to drive enimair through a center of che,ical contam-
ination.
/protecting anivals vhen livestock has been driven out./ Under ~
th~se conditione, the prot~c~ive features of the terrain are
u8ually used; covered dugnuta are aleo built and viater shelters
and herbicide storehou.es (vhere they exist) are remod~l~d.
Driving or carting cattle f~ro� the area vh~re radiooctive fall- _
out i~ anticipated to a safe place i� aiso resort~d to. In
distant pasturps~ it say b~ po~sibia to �ucceasfully drive
liv~stock to this :ciad of plac~ and on to a~a~or city after
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th! nuclaar etrike is dalivarad. The apoad for drl.ving cov�
is 2S-30 km a day; it ir iS-20 km for ehaep. Wh~n conducting
tfieee measures, a large rol~ to allocatad to com~nunicationo
and timtlv no~ification o! the livootock toame on baginnieg
thp ~iv~rteck drive and on tha routa diraction. Th~ rout~a for the
cetitla drive~ the aroas for as~ambling th~m a~~d the car~ raquired
er~ plannad in pe~catime.
/PYevantive treatoent againat aeimal contamination./ Maaeurae
ruch ae vaccination and controli~na ie.ac�ts~ t3ck� and rodenr.r
play a larga rolo in proeacting animal~ against contamination '
by biological Marfare aganto. By coaductina �pecific vaccination
of animal. ~gainst aop~cialiy dangarous in~~ctious dieeaee~ in a
tisely mann~r, it is poseibia to prevee! tha appaaranca and
spread of infectioug dis~asaa. Obviously, it is advioabla to
conduct pravantive innoculationo for animale only in the moet
probable araa� for the employmeet of biologica~ warfare asents
by the enemy. The difficulty in conductieg tha~~ mea0urae con-
siete of th� fact that it is imposoibl� to dat~rsine ahead of
~i~e Mhich a~ent vili be u~rad by the eAemy. in addition~ at
preoent~ there ar4 no �pecific vaccinations and seru~ for �averal
infect~~oue disaa~~o (gidndera, Alrican eviae flu~ etc.).
A� poeoibla carriera of ;~nfectiou� direaseo, in~ecto ara daotroyed
vith eperiai chsoical eubstancer--insecticides-~and tick� are
de~troyed vith acsricide� (diptos~x [CC1gCH(08)P~0)(OCHg)Z)~
trichloromethylphoaphate-3, polych~oropinene~ cyodrine aed others).
~ Repelient~ (diethyltolua~ide and others) are used to ocare ieiecte
avay. Various poieonoue bait (food and vater) is used to eater-
minate rodente (extersinate rate). Zoocoumarin~ raL poison,
ratindine and ainc phosphide are ueed.
Special praparationo are u~~d to prevent radiation conta~ination;
theae preparations increa~e tha body'a reei.tance against the
effects of ionising radiation (protectora). Thay ara introduced
in a vu~cla, under tht �kin. in a vein or giv~n interaally 1-4
hour~ befora irradiation. These prep~rationa can be ased, for
esi~ple, vhaa it is nacessary to tran~port ani~al� acroas an
araa vith lerg~ radiation lev~l� (vhen traa~portia~ th~� out
of an area vith a dangerour leval of radioactive contaeination).
Cy~teine, cy~ta~ines (RS-1 (expaniioa unkpovnj), �exa'ine,
(cystaphosphate) and AET (a~is~dethylisothiuroniu'] preparations
hav~ e prevantive effect.
4. CD Kea~ure~ to Sii~ieate the Afteraffecta oE the Boe~y'�
E~ploy~eat of Ntapons of Ma~� D~~truction on Liv~atock Parsa
In a center of nucltar d~~truction. in the path oi a radiosctive
cloud and in cent~r~ of che~ical aAd biological conta~ination,
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~OR OF~IC2AL US~ ONI,Y
me~euree are conducted to ~ava livestock~ Theee meaeuree
include werning, reconnaieeance of centers of contamination,
evaluating the eituation Which hae developed at a particulgr
farm, meaAUrea to eava and protect livaetock from weapone of
mar~ de~truction and render3ng medical aeeietance to Chem, `
deconCaminating rhe tierritory~ buildinge~ equipment~ water and -
the bodiee of animale~ conducting doeimetric monitoring and
resolving the iseue o~ economic utilizatiori of 3n~ured cettle
and poultry. ,
/Operatione to eave liveetock and fodder in a center of nuclear
deetruction./ Reecue operationa on liveetock fgrme within a
~ ~center of nuclear deetruction are dietinguiehed by their high
:level of compl~xity and exceptional difficulty eince a large
volume of them muet be conducted ~ithin the shorteet poseible
t:ime. The complexity of theee operatione con~iet~ of the fact
that they must be conducted in destr.oyed buildinge, under emokey
conditione and under conditione of radioactive contamin,~tion.
Reecue operations coneiet of putting out firee in cattle yarde~
r~!ecuing liveetock from burning and destroyed bu4ldings~ leading
tt~em out to eafe places~ rendering urgent medical eeaietance and
first aid to in3ured livestock and also eaving fodder and reetor-
ing the vater eupply machinery. Measures are also taken to
re,etore the poaer syetem. _
Reecue oparatione in places Where feed grain is etored boil
down to putting out fires at the etorehouees, eneuring the
saf,ety of aoxk in damaged buildings and removing damaged and
uneuitable feed. �
When conducting reecue operatione at night, it is important to:
orga~~ize lighting, regulate traffic on the farm'e territory,
incraas~ reconnaiesence and external observation and eneure
safe Working conditione for personnel. If reecue operatione
are conducted in the Winter, it ie neceseary tos organize
clear.in g aork for the paths to bring out liveetock, check up
on th~i preaence of aarm clothing for for~ation pereonnel and
eetab]ieh a place for people to aarm themselvee.
When rescuing livesi~ck from deatroyed and burning buildinge.
it ie �eceaeary to remove the danger of obatructiona firat by
tearing; dovn hanging etructuree or propping them up aith tempor-
ary eupports. Animals held davn by collapsed parta of buildinge
are extracted after unin~ured or injured,but able to move~
cattle ~~re driven out.
Safety meaeures are strictly observed ahen conducting reecue
operations. Perimeter posta and patrola are put out at dangecoue
placee and varning signe are elso eet up. People organize mutual
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I
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eafety meneuree for each other and etricti observation ia eet
up for people working in smoke or gae f311ed buildings~
AfCer conduceing the rescue operations, the bodiee o~ dead
animale are buried at tihe cattle graveyard and in~ured animala
are giv~n medical aeeistanca or praventive aid dapending on
the natura of their in~ury (wounde, burne, bruises).
Measuree in 2onee of Radioactive Contamination
Reconna3esat?ce ie conducted in zonee of radioactive contaminated
land; tha ~ituation ie evaluated baeed on tha actual radiation
lavele; tha poesible rate of sickneee and death is eseimated
for the 14vestock and the eequence and volume for carrying ouC
the required vork are planned (vsterinary cleansing of liveetock,
treating or slaughtering in~ured animals~ decontaminating facili-
tiee~ the farm'e territory~ ob~ecte for caring for livestock,
feed, water, etc.). Procedurea for proCecting people and animale,
as aell se procadures for working in a center of contamination,
are eetabliehed. -
/Procedures for protecting and keeping animale in sonee of
radioactive contamination./ Animale located in sealed facilitiea
- aill be reliably protected againet contamination from radioacCive
eubetancee. The animals muet remain ineide the facilitiee until
the danger of their being contaminated outeide the facilities is
eliminated. ~1hen there is no danger of a faciliCy being contam-
inated, the ventilation syetem in it ie opeaed. The procedurea
for protecting and keeping animal8 in zonea of radioactive con-
tamination are shown in Table 32.
In zone A, animale can Ba driwen out of the facilitiee to pasture
in 1-4 daye; by thie time~ the radiation level in the paeture will
have decreaeed to 0.5 roentgene/hr. HoWever, radioactive isotopea
_ of iodine (higher than the permieeible amount) will still be con-
tained in the milk of lactating animals and it will have to be
proceseed for butter during the following 3-5 daqe. Children can
only be given this milk 15-25 days after the cows begin grazing.
Even stricter proceduree are established for zonea B and C; more-
over, milk cattle cannot be given local feed in zone C--not only
during the firet monthe after the farm'e territory ia contaminated
by radioactive duet but not even during the eeveral qears which
fo11oW--aince the etrontium-90 content in the milk aill be higher
than the permisaible amount in thia case.
In the event people are evacuated from zone C~ animale are aleo
removed from it. Service peraonnel engaged in loading livestock
on transport and traneferring it through contaminated territory
muet not be irradiated higher than the permiesible amount. There-
fore, it is important to calculate the time for beginning the ~
evacuation. ~
-23-
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1' ~ ,
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Tab1e 32. Procedures for Protecti.ng and Keeping Animals in Zonea of
Radiouctive Cantamination.
,._.w...~. . ~ . .
- ~ 3 ~ - ~ 5 ~ t L ~ R 1 ~ ,
~'~~~~~inui rnni,,iiu~n u,/r1 ~ 6 7 ~ 0 � 9
~ ~ m~cru u.~pi+nr ~irpe.~ ~ ~
~ , a ~p i
. , p t. ~ ,
4cP~y ~e L ~e ~ r c
r~ oKOnr,~o c rnK . r. a b g c
~ W+~tno iiFUno� i.'~ u Y i ~~L m q
;A~inr ~ nnr,~ annhyn� " ~ ~ 7'~ x K ~ ~ _
~ uN~u *Hnurudx x~ ~ a -0~ ~ A
lv ! IA~ 21~i s~~. , ~S
. ~r, ~ ~
~ � .
. . ~ , a~
a~ ,
Ib00p ~00 125 44 12 - . -
q(Nw 80p 5p 17~6 b ~
l~ R�2 ;iM1() G00 37 13,Z 4 15 ` - } MncHOe F)
~].1~k3�1 12U0 24Q 15 5,3 2 10 - - ,
(1?)fi�3 R~)(1 IGO 10 3,5 He o6~~lg 8 ~ ~
icn~,N Meceoe Q
(13)G�2 G00 120 i~5 2,6 Hc y~ ~t~!~~ 6 8 ~ MOJ104H0~1' }
(14)G�1 400 80 5 1,7 To ~Y17 4 6 2G
A��1 �3U0 fi~ 3,8 1,;i 3 b
A�3 200 40 2,5 U~9 2 5 25 Ma~oa?ra (,^.f,t~
A�2 100 20 1,2 0,4 s s 1 b 25 ,
A�I 4Q A 0,5 0,2 s. 0,5 3 Ib _
*It is determined according to the formula: DI ~ 5� Po� to -
For the times ahown, the level of radiation on the ground
will be reduced by a factor of 0.5 roentgens/hr. ,
Subsequently, milk can he uaed in ite natural form by
adults without any restrictions.
Key: �
1. Zonea .
2. Doae of irradiation--Dl until complEte decay of
radioactive aubetancea (r)*
3. Radiation levela (roentgens/hr) after the exploeion
4. Hour ~
5. How many days later can animals be evacuated
6. In how many days can liveatock be put out to ,
paeture** ~
7. For how many days ahould milk be processed into butter ~
after cows are put out to pasture***
8. For how many days after cows are put out to paeture
can milk be given to childre~
9. Recommended direction for developing livestock breeding
for continual life o� the population
-24-
FOR OFFxCItiI. USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
~'Oti Ui~FtC tAL U~E nNLY
10. C-2
11. C-1
12. 8-3
1~. 8-2
i4. B-1 -
15. ttot mandatory
16. Noe Qva~uarad
17. Dirto
18. Maa!
19. N~~t and miik
20. Milk
/nriving cattle./ Ia the event paatures are threat~aaed by
radioactiv~ contami.nation or wh~n th~y arQ already coatamiaated,
cattle in diep~ar~ed livestock brQeding ar.eas ar4 drivea as
quickly ar poa~ible to the side(parpaediculariy) avay from the
direction of the vind'� movemeat. it i0 best to uoe road� vith
a hard ~urface or area~ vith lov grae� for the driv~. WhQn driving
livestock along land contaminatQd by radioactive Aubatsaceo~ the
anima~s ~re aot given gra~e to eat. The radi+~tioe dn~Q vhich
peopl~ vill r~ceiva vhile driving the livQOtock is calculat~d.
It must eot exceed 50 roentgens during a 4-day period. Perooane~ _
tending the animal~v use individual protectiva gear (re~piratorr,
duot tighC clo~h bandegee). Upon cooing out of a c~nter of radio-
_ active contasiaation, ani~oale undergo veteriaery ciean~ing and
people carry out personal cieanaing.
/Time period� for �tarting cattle grasing in zones of rad~lo-
active coatamination./ ~ihea determining the tio~ p~riod� for
starting cattlt grazing in area� locat~d along tha paeh of a
redioactive cloud or vhen deteroiaiag the possibie tire for
m~wing gress here to feed aoimals~ a nusber of factors are taken
- into account and primarily the posoibility of people bein~ able
to vork safely on radioective contaminated land. Meat and draft
livestock can begin grasing ~rhen the radiation level decrease�
to 0.5 roentgeno/hr and lacteting aeioal� caa begin vhen th~ radia-
tion levels are ao greater thaa 0.1 roentgens/hr if the �ilk ie
int~nded for the adult population aAd evea later if it i~ intended -
for children. At these rad~ation levels, gra~s can be �oved to
feed lactatieg covs, goats and �heep.
in the event of e nuclear missile var, plant foliage vill also be
contaminated by radioactive aubstances as a result of vorldvide
radioactive fa~lout from the troposphere and stratosphere. Pull-
out from the atratoephere occurs during the 2-3 �onth period after -
the explosion; moreover, it containa isotopes vith a long life
and isotopee vith a small balf-life (iodiae-131. telluriu~-132~
berium-140. strontium-89 and other~).
-25- -
POR OFPICII~L U5E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
~OR d~FI~tAL U~~ dNt~Y
Sp~~ia] r~leul~tinn~ ahoa th~e, vh~n milk cdv~ gr~ m~irt~in~d `
by grg~ing, thp milk wi11 b~ un~uit~bl~ a~ fond in itr natural
fnrm f~r g p~riod of ~ev~rai w~ek~ dup Co thp increa~2d redio-
~~tivity. Str~tn~phpric fallout cnneinu~~ for ~t l~e~t eevpn
yp~r~; ie ~niy ront~in~ irotop~r vith a iong iffe 'titrcn~ium-90,
cp~ium-13y and othera). The additional ~dne~min~tidn of feed,
pgeture gresepe ~nd young egricultural cropn muet bp takpn into
acrounr when reeolving ~hp iesue on the tim~ perioda for beginning
1iv~atock gra~ing~ fpeding thpm movpd gra~e and ~Aing the crop~
in e.n ~cnnomical mgnner.
b~~ont~min~tion of liveetock f~ciltti~~, ob~ecte for c~rieg for
enim~i~, the serritory of th~ farm and, vhen npc~reary, f~ed end
v~ter ie c~rrled out in zones of radioactive ~onta~aingtior.
M~aOUree in a Center of Chemic~i Contamination
In a center of chemiC~l cont~min~tion, production activity i~
anly poeeible efter the eiLee and facilitiee Which people and _
~nimal~ c~n COtOp into contact vith are completely d~contaminat~d.
tn conn~ction aith this, thorough reconnaieeanc~ ia conducted -
~ nn ehe farm'e territory after thp typ~ df chpmicel aarfar~ agent
ie dcter~in~d. Conteminated territory ie clegrly defined and
itg bordere are mark~d vith etandard barrier eigee or vith the
me~ne at hand. Formation pereonn~l cerry out rsecuQ operatione
. h~re in their individual protective gear (ga~ maeks, rubberised
suit, rubber boat~, rubber gloves).
Measurp~ for eaving ani~al� in a center of chemical contamination
ar~ directed at stopping the entry of chemical varfar~ ~gents -
into che body~ ~topping their ~ction (veterinary cleaneing) and
conductiag antidotal and aymptomatic treatment. The entry of
chemical varfare agente into the body is etopped by using indiv-
idual protective gear, by cleaning vieible epote of poison on
the skin vith decontaminanta, by taking animale out of a center
of conta~ination and by conducting a subeequent veterinary
cleanefng of them. Antidotal treatment ie conducted either
directly in the center of contamination or immedietely after
the animele ere let out of the center but before the veterinary
clean~ing.
beconteminating liv~ecock facilitiea and the farm'a territory ie
one of the importent meaeures.
Antidntes are given to enimels contaminated by organic phoaphorue
chemic~l warEare agents and by eyatemic gases as soon as poesible
moreover, the eooner the antidote ie given after posioning~ the
greater the nu~ber of in~ured livestock that vill be saved.
-26-
FOR O~FICInL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
paR UXpICiAL U~g ONLY �
Phoophoiitine~--aione or even beee~r in Bolution v~rh TMB-4*~
rexpnnaioe ueknovn]--i~ u~ed as an antidot~ aggie~t org~nic
pho~pheroua chQmi~ai warfare e~enta. The soiueiane are prepgred
- eeparal~ly vith sterile diet~iled vater or thoroi~shiy boilQd
vnter nnd then mix~ds 1.5 pacte of ~ ~S per~en~ ~olution of phoepholitin~
and 1 part of a 20 pprcent ~~lurion df TMB-4. A 15 ~1 do~p nf Che
mixt~re is ie~~~t~d in~o the ~ou~cl~e af ~dult c~t~~~~ aduit ~
horeee, caseis aed buffalo~ the young of the~a epeclea are given
n 4~1 dosp; aduit deer and Aonkeys are giv~n a 5�1 dose and
young enioais are givee a 1~1 doee; adule ho~s ara given a
2.5 si dose and young hoge are given a 0.6 sl dose; shdep and
goats Ar~ giv~n a 1 mi dose and young sheep and goaes ar~ giv~n
e 0.2 mi dose. The citpd antido~e can also be in~ected after
the appQarenc~ of convulsione.
Of ~h~ ether antidotee, a eolution of vater and atropine or
pi~typMyllin (they arQ in~ectQd in th~a sue~l~e vith consid~ration
~ fdr th~ liv~ veight and typa of anieeai) and aiso thropacin~a
(5-10 �g/kg), vhich hae a cencra~ effect, caa be u~ed. TMB�4
increases the curativQ effect oE atropine, thropacina and
phospholitine. -
With rueeic acid posioning~ it is n~ceesary to use a~yl nitritQ
(b~r inhalation) as quickly as possible; it fores a cospound
(methemogiobin) in the body vhich easily unite� vith th~ po~ion.
About 10-20 �1 of amyi Kitrite is pour~d onto the �ucou� �e~brane
of the noee for large anisal� and about 0.5 '1 of it ere u~ed for
emall anisals. In~ured gni~als are subsequently treatsd vith
other antidot~s. As yek, there is no entidote for sustard ga~.
Animale are eranaported from a ceeter of che~ical conta~ination
by motor vehicle or they are led out after pa8sages are decon-
teminated. If animals vere located in veil seeled faciliti~s,
- they are left in place; onlr a deconta~ination of the firs's
cerritory aad livestock facilities is conducted ie~ediataly.
Antidotel treatment is employed vhen people are coeta~inated
during their vork in a center oE che~ical contasination. Aiter
vorking in such a center, ali personnel go ehrough personal
cipaneing. _
~An arometic light yellov, thick oily liquid. It is so a~teat
with a certral suscarinic, cholinolytic effect but it doee not
restore che activity of the cholineateraae.
**A yelloaiah-vhite crystalline poadeY vhich diisolves veil
in vater. It restores the activity of the cholinesterase
and thereby increases the curative effect of phoepholitine.
-27-
FOR OFFICIhL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
.
FOR (1FFtCtAL U5~ ONtiY
B~~ie Me~~ur~~ Cn glimin~ee a C~ne~r of giologi~~l Cnnt~min~eion
M~~~ur~~ to ~~iminat~ ~~~nt~r ef btolog~cal eone~minaei~n d~pend
nn thp type of ~g~nt and the m~thod ~f ier ~mploym~nt. Th~
- ~~gron ~nd tim~ df dgy, v~eth~r condiCione, th~ 1ev~1 of
prppgredne~r of formatione and institueions and the prQSence
of �anpover aed ~quipment hevp ~ great eff~cr on the aork con-
ducted. Meeeuree ar~ conducted in tao ~tag~� tn a e~nt~r c+f
rontamination.
/Th~ firet etage/�-until the type df ag~nt ~a det~rmin~d.
Overail anti-epi~ootie and anti�epidemic meaeur~e are earried
nuc: ~ quarantine ir lpvied~ ~he eize of the center of con-
t~min~tinn i~ eetablieh~d, eamplee are taken and they are Beet
to a laboratory to determine th~ type of infectioue diaease
agent (ahen th~re i~ a fi~id laboratory pre0ent, thie can be
don~ on the ~pot ueieg quick methoda).
//A quarantine// ie e eyet~m of etrict anti-~pizootic and .
anti-ppidemic o~a~ure~ to eeal off (ieolate) the entir~ center
of ~nntgminatioe and to eliminate the infectioue dieeaee in it.
It ie estabilehed by a decieion of th~ executive committee of
the Soviet of People'e Deputieg ~reyon~ oblaet, republic).
Guard pog~e (police, teams for preeerving 1aw ~ed ordgr, mi1~-
tary teama) are set up on all the roade around the quarantined
territory and varning eigne vith inetructione for detours ar~
set up. The quarantine measurea providp for etopping entry
to and exit from the center of contamination by vehicle or on
foot and stopping any kind of property being brought out of it
Mithout decontamie~tion. The paeeAge of people~ animale, trans-
port is prohibited. Narkets, entertainment facilitiee aed
educatinnal inetitutiions can be cloeed. tieasures are conducted
to eliminate infection in the center of conta'ination.
/The aecond atag~/--after the tr~� ~F Ae~~~ ie deterained.
The quarantin~ is either left on or it is replaced by a ~
~ regime of obaervation (for infectioue diepases vhich are not
transaitced through contact betveen sick and healthy org.~nieos).
//Obeervation//ie eatablished at e farm for problems aith in-
fectioue dieea~ee; restrictive measuree and isolation ore
carried out at the same time. Obaervation providea for: en
increaee in medical and veterinary obeervation in a center of
contamieation; rPetricting travel to and from it and alao
reetrictions on taking variou~ property~ aaimale and fodder
from it; ieolating and treating peopl~ or animale vhich are
sick or euspected of being sick; conducting vaccination aad
diainfection.
-28-
rOR OFFIC[l,:. U~~ ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
~OR ~~1?ICtAL 11~~ C1NLY
~ A q~~ranein~ ir ipft ~n fox Sfb~riAn ulcerr, ~l~ndprp, piague,
" ~n~~phglnmyeliti~~ ~hoier~, prittacosi� .~pid~eic typhur and fnr
dieQas~s not enrount~red aith~n ehe te :ieory of tM~ USSR. _
in thr~ aven~ thp eneny aeployo ae agent vhieh sakeg p~ople aick,
aii p~opiQ who ArQ aick and euspeee~d of being eick are iaolaeed
and tr~a~~d in ~he qugranr~nQd areaR a11 p~oQi~ ar~ exa'ined
6y �~~na of a 1i~f f~r irduhd~~ buildines~ clothe~ ancl oho~o ~re
dioinfQCted; oonitor3ng ~f vat~r sourceu and food products ie
incr~asQd; i~~unisationa ar~ given or spQriai prQV~ntive aeti-
bioei~p ~re given; anti�~pid~mie aork proc~dnree ar~ establiehed
for vork faciiities. Ace~e� to the center of conta~in~tion ia
only peraitt~d for personael and for peopiQ vho aiil participate
in conducting the �~asur~e to ~e~i~iedce the c~nt8r of coeta~inatioe.
in th~se cai~~, the p~opi~ ~ranred acc~~� to the c~ntlr of con-
taeination ar~ vaccinat~d first.
Th~ ~xtene of th~ ep~eur~e aad the spthode and seuno of controlling
diff~rent infectiouo illneosea ere not ~h~ reae and th~ l~ngth
of th~ quarantine ir alAO diffar~nt. Therafore, dapending on
the type of agent, measures sre coaducted in a cent~r oE b~olog-
ieal contavieation in accordonc~e vi~h the curr~nt inetructiona
and manualr opproved by ~h.; Hain yet~rinary Adeiei~trat~on of
the U3SR MA (Ministry of Agricultute~; ~oreover, all vork ir
conduct~d in coordination vith ~edical service ~~pioyeor. Whan
conductina �~asuras to elisinate infectiona di~aa~e~. paopi~ are
guided by th~ appropt:ate inatruction� �nd �anual� approv~d by
th~ USSR Mini~try of Hgelth.
The reeponoibilitr for co'plyieg vith tfie rulee of d quoraetin~
and for conducting ~Qaoure� to eli~inato iefectious diseaaes ae
quickiy aa poasible is levied on far~ aad eaterprise executive~,
local authoritativa ag~nci~s and agenciee of the Hiniotry of
Agriculture and H~alth in the localitieo.
Vet~rinary Trea`taent of Ani~al�
During veterinary treatsent of ani,ale, redioactive substances
are reonved fro~ the outer surfacea of thei~� dodieo, che~ical
and biolegical vaxfare agent~ vhich have faltan on their skin
ere re~oved or decontamiaated aad fir.t aid !i givsa to ia~ured
ani~ale. Veterinary traat~ent has the goal of preveeting the
illnee~ of ~ni~al� sub~ected to the effecta of NBC agent� and
eub~tancea, of �aking vork �afe for peraonnel tending ir~ured
ani~a~s, of en~uring th~ po~sibility of using the eaxi~u� nuAber
of inju*ed l~ivestock for �eat and other far� needa and, in the
eveat of biological conta~iaation, of not pF_rsitting the infec~
tiou~ disea~e to �pread.
-29-
FOR OFFICI/+L USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
t~Ott tll~~iClAt, U5~ tlNLY
A~i ~flimai~ loc~ted in ~~~nEer of ~h~~i~~l dt~ binidgic~i
c~ne~~inatioe 8nd thor~ ahich ~re contasfnA~pd by radioactiv~
~ubetance~ abov~ thp p~r~ieeible amount ar~ ~ub~pct~d eo tr~gt-
m~nt.
9p~ci.1 er~ae ere ae~ up for veterinary ~rQatm~at of pubii~ -
i~v~~eo~k. Priv~t~ly-~Mn~d livertock ia ~r~ated on the epot.
in N~rm v~ath~r, the //ve~erinary treaem~ant area// (Pigure 64)
ia eet up on iand vi~h a permieeibl~ ~~ve~ of radigtion, beyond
the bordere of a r~n~er df chemical conta~mination gnd on th~
boundariea or aiehin th~ t~rritory of a center of biologicai
contamingtion. in the latter cara, the territory for th~ tra~t-
~oent areA and tfie territory for keeping treated animele arQ
disinf~cted.
Th~ area ~plected ir near a eource of vgter, not rloeer th~n
1Q0-2(10 m to through -roade and iiveetock faciliti~e and pre-
fprabiy on ground Mh~ch ig dietieguiehed by a good capability
to absorb vater (aandy). There �uet be good approach routes
to ~he ar~a.
In cold veather, the area ie eet up ineide a facility~vhich make�
it paesible to conduct the required vork. ilhen the appropriat~
faciliti~e ara pr~~ant at a far� vith a eufficiant �upply of
vater, a hard fioor and a drain pipe for vaste vater. ani~ale
can glso be tr~~ted inside thie facility in warm veather. In
the caeee cited. vaste vater entere a collector; fro~ hQre, it
ie tekea to eafe places for bnrial in veseel~ if the radioactiv~
level of the vater is high. Hhen treating anisale conLa~4nated
by biological or chemicai varfare agente, the aater in the
vater collector ia aleo decontaminated.
The Rize ef the erea i~ determin~d by the number of liveetock
vhich muet be treated at the saoe time; f~or thie purpose.
Approximately 30 equsre oetere are calculated for each asrimei.
The area ie divided into "contaminated" and "clean" part~. A
pen for contaoinated liveetock ie eet up in the area; it
changee to a divider and then to a corrtdor 0.8-0.9 m vide,
which is partitioned into S-6 animal treatment etope; beyond ~
the etops is a paa~age (up to 10 m) and a stop for doeimetric
oonitoring of ani~als; the latter haa a movabie bar on the eide
to drive anitoals through to the eide pen. All of thie makee
up the'~COn[aminated"part. Draiaage di[ches are dug on both
aides of the corridor,and pole, board. etc. planking ia put
over the ditchee for the convenience of operating peraonael.
Fir~ flooring ie also put inaide the etopa ao there vill not be
any mud in them during treatment of animals. At a distaace of
10 m from the stope, a pit is dug to abeorb the draieage water;
-30-
FOR OFFICIl.L USE UNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
1~O~t O~~tCtAL Ug~ ~Nt,Y
~"".+.+u.~..+._,~.~.r,`.~ ~ ~ ~ 20 ) -
~ ~ ~ C~ ~
~ ~ \L/
C~ C~ G'~ CS 1N~,~,w ( 21)
~
~ ~ .
t
; ~ ~ ~
~ ~ - ~
_ .a?w t ~ ~ ~
_ +~:hcrno~ nd
~ ~ ~ (19 )
I � ~ d~~ni~c~do ~ 2 2
c~~r~-~ ~
Figure 64. Veterinary Tr~atment Ar~a
xey:
1. R~c~ption and ~orting po~nc 12. Anioal holding p~n
Pen for contaminated anisals 13. Squipoent for cleaning ani~als
3. Divider 14. Pield p,laughtering point
4. Paesage-etop 15. Piltered well
S. Veterinary treac~nt etop~ 16. Po~ition for per~onal cleanoing
7. Dorimetric etop of people
8. Pen for treated enimale 17. Rest aic~ for peopl~a
9. Veterinary aid poeition for 18. Conta~inated part of the area
treated animals 19. Clean part
lA. Divider 20,, To elaught~r
I1. Mi~al �ortiag etop 21. To treat~ent
22. To farm
thia pit connecte the ditch with the drainage ditche� comin~
from the etope. A poaition !a installed in the "contneiaated"
p~rc to clean overallg and articles for tending animale and for
pereonal cleaneing of people; a device ia eet up to unload animals
arriving by motor vehicle. For anisale requiring repeat treat~ent,
a pen ie aet up to the left ~r the right of the corridor. Liveetock
are driven into it to be held for treatsent in the ev~nt of their
contami~etion by cheoical end biological varfare agenta.
-31-
FOR OFFICI~:. USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
~Ott O1~FICIAI, U5l~ nNLY
Th~ e~rridar ~ndg ~e th~ p~n for tr~~~ed aei~~ie. Thi� i~ ~h~
"~i~~n" pgre o~ eh~ ar~~. A poAi~ioe i~ �~t up to ~ondu~et pr~-
v~eEiv~ �edieai me~~ur~~ !n th~ pen. Poeitions Are eiro ee~ ~p
in eh~ ~~C1~Afl~~ pgrt f~r ~f~~sAflftll ~~~t and for ptrking ~p~aciui
v~hicl~~; ~ do~k fer 1oAdin~ ani~~lA is buiit here.
"~he vetertnar~r treatmenc area ~or ani~ela ie ~itua~td so eh~t
Eh~ flea of ~nimgl8 fro~ thQ'~oetAmingt~d"par~ ~o ~he "ri~an"
pgrt pro~phda againaE ~hQ prev~tiin~ vieds for th~ givee area.
Po1e~, bo~rda and other materieia a~ hand ere uoecl to e~t up
th~ ~orridor and pena. Whee necegeary, a fieid slaughtiering poin~
i~ �et up n~ar th~ gr~a.
/MQEhode gnd equi~m~nt for vet~rinary traalmQn~ of animala./
//Dry treat~ene.// When the skin of ani~ale i~ conta~inat~d
by radioa~~ive duet, ~hia trQa~o~nt can b+~ conduct~d by uaing
eh~ ~ppropriae~a machin~~ Cthe veterieary disinfecting oacfiinQ)
~nd vacuum ciean~rr. The radioactive dust rol~ecEad by th~� ir
buried in the ground. Sfiearieg ~e Ehe beAe m~thod of dry ereat-
m~n~ for ~heap.
Wh~n the ~kie of animals ir contaminated by chemical aarfare
gg~nta, bleaching povder or calciu� hypochlorid~ i� gpri~nkl~d
on che eurface of their bodies; then, thio i~ vorked in~o the
hair vith a broom made from oaterial et hand. TreatmQnt begin�
virh the eections of skin vith the greateat contaeination; aft~r
thio, the heed~ nerk, forvard iisb, body and rear liob o! one
sida are tr~aL~d in sequ~nc~ and then tha other oidQ i� tr~oted
in the eama ord@r. A6out 15-30 'inut8� after trQatvoet, tht
bleaching povder ohould be re~oved fros the ~kin vith a bruoh,
rag~ or etrav broom.
//Wet treatment.// it consiots of treating the skin of anival�
/Icoateminated by radioactive �ubote�cas// vith solutions of
vater and (surface acting) detergenta and by ueing various �achineo.
Por this purpo~~, a 0.3 percent solution of SP-2 or SP-2U povder
or a 0.3 percent eolution of OP-7 esul~ifier or OP-10 vith a
0.7 percent solution oE sodiuo hexasttaphouphgte ~dded to it are
used ae d~tergents. ~expansion oE abbreviation� unknovnJ In -
the abeence of the itew~ na~ed, eolutione of vater and "Novoat
Powder, sulfanol or nor~al tallov �oap� are uoed. The standard
FA-1 ~foaving agent] foasing agent provides good resulta. If -
none of ths~e ite~� are present~ the �kin can be vashed vith
clean vater undeY 2-3 at~ospherea of presaur~.
Chlorinatiag and oxidising deconta~iaating agente and basic de-
contaminating agent� are uaad to treat the �kin of ani~,ai� //con-
tawinated by che~ical varfare agent~.// Of the forver~ the
folloving are u~ed: bleachiag povd~r (in paate foro--2 kg of
-32-
FOR OFFxCi1+L U5E OHLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
~ ~tt OFFICIAL tt9~ i)NLY
b1QAehing povd~r p~r 1 of vae~r--or a~oiueion~; ~ai~iu�
bihyp~Ghiori~e (~HG) er 7/~ eh~ b~~ic ~eit af c~lci,uA hypo�
rhtorit~ (CHC) ~ v~~~ry p~a~~-Nin e rg~io nf it4 #or ~HC
~nd in g r~eio of 1s10 for CHC); g~ p~rc+~nt ~ol~eion ~f vae~r
~nd pot~d~iu~ p~rm~gan~t~ ~ridifi~d aieh a 1 p~r~ene aolution
af ac~tir or hydrochi~~rie aeid (u~nd when th~ ekin ir coniamin~e~d
b~ nitrogQn sustard Of thQ basic d~con~ao~inating agQntr,,
_ th~ fnlloain~ a~e ueedt ~odiue hydr~xi~e (in ihQ fos� of a~.S
Qpf~pflt a~lucion tn v~tpr), a 10~i2 pereent solution of vater
�n~ ~soonia (for a~rin contamination), sad~us carbonaee aed sodiu.
bi~~rbonate (in th~ for~ of s 2 pQrcant roiu~ion ~o d~acoetamin~te
tha muenu~ ~~~branas of th~ ey~� and of th~ ng~81 and south
Qaaea`~~).
3oluEion~ of voter ~nd th~ folloving a`~nta ara uead to traat th~
rkin of ani�als //GOntaminatad by epor~u~ mi~rnb~~//t an 8 p~rc~n~
~dlucion ef sonochloridQ of iodine~ a eolu~ion of trichlorinatQd
_ ~y~nuric ~eid cunt~ining a~ leaet 7 p~rcen~ activ~ eh~or~nQ;
a 3 p~r~~nt roiuEine of hydrog~e pernxid~ ie a O.S perapnt eolu~ion
of for~ic or acQt~r. acid; a 1A parc~nt rolution of ~/:'s the ba~ie
eait nf c~irius hypochlorite~ a purif~~d ~olution of bleaching
pdvd~r cantaining ac laast 4 pgrcent activa rh~orin~. Solutione
of tha rese prtparacidnr ar~a ueed vhen //~he skin// of animais
�//ir eontaminatQd by virua8o or microflora vhich do not for�
epdre~// but in ronc~ntracions r~duc~d b~r a fac~ar of 1.5-2.
In additi~n, a 3 p~rcent �u~p8e~ion of 2/3 cht baeic oalt of cal-
cius hypochlorite and a 4 perc~nt �olution of vater aed chlora.ine
can be ua~d for thQr~ purpo.~e. The soiution� nao~d are pr~pared
~~~ediately before uoe.
To OoAk the hair (vool) of aai~ala vith th~ di~infecting �olution�
_ better, it is good to add 0.01 perc~nt of an e~ulsifying agent
~Op-7, OP-10~ SP-2, sulfenal) to che� b~fore use.
The ealutione of bleaching povder and trichlorinated cyanuric
acid ar~ prQpared accordieg to the epeeial instructions.
Veterinery (KDV-2 (Ko'arov d~conta~ination vQhicSe), LSD-2
[expaneion unknovn)) ~nd othar equipe~nt (iprayere~ gas trucke,
oil trucke, che.icai spray trucke. etc.), which are tquipp~d
vith a rpceptacle to di~tribute ~hr vater, are ured to put the
eolutione and vater on che anisals' bodiee.
The 2/3 the basic ealt of calcium hypochlorite solution, the
chlora~in~ B solution vhich containe b percent activ~ chlorlne
and the hydro~en pQroxide in ocid can be used vith th~ directed
aeresal
mr by u~ing the v~t~arinary decoata~ination v~hicle
(VDV) for thia purpoee. When using the aerorol �ethod~ 3 ti~es
leee of the di~iafecting �olutioa required for veterinary treat-
sent i8 uaed than vhan the �olutions are u~ed to vasb dova the
body of an ani~al.
/Procedures for veterinary crtotseat of oni.al8./ Th~ procedures
and �equtnce for tre~ting the ekin of aai~ala depend� upon the
tyPe of contasioatia~ ~gent (chesical, biological or radioactive). Fir~t of all~
~ -33-
FOR OFPICUL USE OM.Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
Pc~R dFP~~tAL U5~ dNtY
d~~one~~oia~t~d aai~ai~ ~r~ p,~~e~d by typ~ and ~~vpriey of eon~-
e~~in~tic~n; aft~r ~hi~, thp typ~ uf agpnt rpqu~r~d to e3ear ~he
akie ~a detpr~ined and d~~ignate8. At th~ e8~~ tim~~ the prow
b1~~ of ah~th~~ prpventiva �~dica~ egen~s ar~ requir~d is Aoive@.
tn th~ event th~ skin ie cont~minated by //ra8iogctive subotencea//,
~~iertivA doeime~ric readinge are taken and thQ gnimgis are
inr~p~et~d. ilh~n thQ ~kin i� contaminat~ad higher than th~ permi~-
Ai~iQ anount, tha animele gr~ a~l~c~~d for ve~erinary er~atmene.
Th~ live~~ock uedergoieg tr~at~ee~ ar~ drivee into the pen; from
her~, th~y ~re a~qt tf~rough the fl~vid~r 3n groupe of 5w6 an~maig
(dr~pendieg on th~ numb~r of �tope) to th~ vet~rinary treatmeet
~t~pe. Ueing a ehower ~ru~h~ ~ach animal ir tr~ate8 vi~h the
appropriate Ao~ution on bo~h sid~r. To avoid contgmina~ing
peopie, the bruahea are attach~d te a 80�100 cm loeg ~tick; the
hd~e i~ piaced along thie eeick; the rolutioe pa~~er aion~ i~
to th~ b~ueh. Thp rear of the animai ia tr~atQd fir~t, then the
h~ed, neck, baek eide, forvard and reer limbe (from top to bottom).
A~tpr b~ing tr~atpd vith the detargent Aolution, the anioai i~
va~hed doan vith ciean vater.
Thp animel� are driv~n one at a time to th~ la~t ~top ahere doai-
metric monitoring ie conduceed. If the level of radioactivity
has decreaoed to th~ persissi6le ievel, the anisal io rQnt to the
pen for "cieae" 1ive~tock; if ~hQ level of radioastivity is still
above the permieeibla ~imit, it is sent back through tha sid~
pen fnr rep~at tre~to~et.
Up to 65=70 perceec of ~hp radio~~tive eubetances can b~ re~oved -
from thp bodi~e of cattle end horee~ vich the detergente. R~pea[
treatm~nt is leee effectives lpee than an additional 10 percent
of the remaining radioective subetancee are ra'oved.
//Poam treatoent.// Poas is f8d under pressure fro� the ~tandard
PG-i+~ foam generator of a firetrurk dnto the animal aad it covers
the entire eurface of its body. After a 2-3 sinute contact, the
foam ie cl~an~d off ~vith bru~hee on long handle� and up to 6S-7S
~ percpnt of che radioactive duet ie re,oved fros the hair and skin
along with it. After thie treat'ent, it is not nac~~~ory to vash
down the animale vitfi water.
+~The atandard foam g~~erator coneists of a kerosene contact con-
taiaing 44-84 percen[ sulEonic acid, a ssall a~ount of stiff
adhesive, undistilled alcohol and �odius hydroxide; in a 4�7-
percent concentration. it vill not frees~ at -8 degrees C.
-34-
FOR OE'FICItiL U~E ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
POA AFF~C2AL US~ OI~t.Y
~f ther~ a~c~ no dete~gen~r, animale a~e vagh~d down r~,th a~ter
(~~~in~e ~he a~~l) froe ~ f~re pu.p; Chp wee~r ie fed und~r a
pr~s~ure of 2=3 at~oeph~rss. 2n th3r cgd4, 30-SO paxcene of th~
radioaceiva duet is aaAhed avay.
1~h~~ ani~al� ore conlasinAtad by //posionous ag~n~~~// ~he typs
of agent eopio~rQd ~y ~h~ ~n+e~r ir dater~inad f~r~t ~nd th~a ch~
eL~ate~nt b~g3ea. Wfi~e th~ coneo'inatlon io ~y organtc pho~phoru�
at~nts, antidoe~~ arQ ie~eel~d in~o eA~ animalo' su~ei~� b~forp
vQeer3nary lr~atsan~.
qh~n the cont~~iea~ion !s b~ bi~ary gar~e and su~tard ~as~ pr~par-~
atians whicfi ~iv~ o~f chlorin~ ar~ us~d for tr~a~'~nL~ Mh~n~tha
conta~ination i� br �drin and l~v~~it~, a solutioA af rodiu~
h~rdrosidQ or a~sonia is no~d; rhen tb� coeea~inat3on i� by nieroa~e
�u~tard Sa~, a�ointioe of pota~~ium p~rsaganate is u~~d.
After thorough tr~at~~et v~t6 eh~ sointiono cit~d, th~ aeioal� are
driv~n in~o the sid� p~n for a Z0~30 sinute d~ttntfoe~during vhich
th~ ch~~icai aarfar~ astnt d~compoa~~. Th~n the oni~~1� ar~ aaain
drivQa ~o th� ~tops vher~ th~y aYe va~hed dovn vith v~t~r to Y~sov~
th~ decontasfeatin~ a~~et ~nd th~ d~co~postd producta of th~ chQ~i-
cg1 varfare aaeots; aft~r thia, th~y aro lod to th~ cl~an pa~t of
~h~ asta.
] Wh~a ~ni~oia ar~ conta~inat~d br //biolo=ical a~eot~,// vtt~riaary
tr~at~~nt i� conducted a� qnicklr a~ po~~iblt i~~~diat~ly aft~r
tA~ faet of the ~~ro~oi e~plor~ant o! bioloaical varfar� ageAta
ha~ b~tn ~~tablished and Mithout ~ai~ing to ~~tabliah tfi~ type of
agpnt e~ploy~d. In thta~ cases, eolution� of di~inf~ctin~ ageats
ors e~pf.ay~d against th~ sicroflor~ vhich for~ quickly. Durin=
vQ[~rirarr tr~at~~at, the �~tface of the aAi~al~e bod~ is �oaked
abundaatir aad co~pl~t~1~ v~th the particular �olntion. por thi�
purpoie, th� folloviAg a~ouots of di~inlecting agent� ar� ex-
peed~d (1): 20-25 p~r adnit hor~~ and per adult citti~~ 12-1S per
caif and she~p= and 4-S p~r hos. Th� aoisal� tr~at~d aith ehe
solution of di~inf~ctant are dri~eA fro� tha atop� to ebe �ide
pen and they are ~~c~4ned ther~ for an hour (durin` tbis ti~~, th~
�icrooraan~~~a ond virus~~ vi11 b~ killed); aft~r thf~, eh~y are
again driv~n to the �top~, va~h~d dovn vitb var� vat~r and lad to
tht cl~aa part. Dnri~j hot. su~~~r v~ath~r. ths anisala ar~ tr~at~d
vith tAe �olutioo of di~int~ct~t~t asain 25-30 siau�a� lat~r ~aft~r
arri~` out) �o tAat ~h~ anisal's body vill b� tspda~d to tht dis-
infeccant aolntioa for at lea~t oe~ hour. Aftsr tre~tin~ tha ~kin
vitb th� disiofactant �olutio~~ tbt aAi~al� ~r~ ~ojtcted vith ch~~o-
thtraputic a`~nt� (~vlta drus~) and antibiotics (tetracyclia~~
~ec.) aod, alter ~stabli~bins th~ t~p~ o! ag~nt, vith �p~cific
�~ra aod vaccin~~.
-35-
FOR OFPICIl+L US6 ONLY
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FOtt OF~ICIAL U5~ ONLY
Whpn enim~l~ r~ceivp a//multiple ccntamingtion,// they ar~
fir~t ~r~~Ced vtth dccontaminating eolutioee to deetroy and
rpmove the ch~mieal ~gent~. The Aolutioae ured for ehia pur-
poe~ 8r~ also effective uhen the animal~ ar~ contamin~ted by
biologicai ~g~nt~ wh3eh dc~ not form rpora~; when rh~ gnim~le ~re
ehoroughl~? wa~h~d doan, r~dioactive aubatancee are alao removed
from tha ~urface of th~~r bodine. Then, ahen neceeBary~ tha
an3mal� gr~ Waehed doae vith dieinfectant eolueions pr3m8rily to
d~stroy m3cro~ea vhich form aporeg. During a 10-hour period,
160-200 iarge agriculturai animale cen be trented at a eingle
g~erili~~r~ The ~reatad anim~~e are either ecne to the farm,
for tr~aemant or to elaugheer.
For vet veterinary treatment of hoga, eh~ep and c~iveg, it ie
edvieabi~ to bu~1d a cage aith a lattice floor and aith epace
for 1A heAd aithin the dirty part of the area and conduct
group tr~atm~nt fnr attimals here. Radioaetive duet ie removed
by Wgter being fed from gny eort of mach3ne under a preesure of
3 gtmoephere~. 2n the event hoge, eh~ep or celvee //are contam-
inated by chemical or biological agente,// they are treated vith
de~ontamineting eolutione in the sa~e manner ae large anima].e are.
Sheep, goate and hoge contaminated by biologicai ag~nte can be
treaced by e~aimming in g tub fillpd vith a eolution of monochloride
of iodine or hydrogen peroxide in the concentratione cited abovs
end by eubeequently detaining them for a 1-hour period. Then,
the animal� are aaehed dovn aith vater. Poultry //contaminated
by radioactive eubetancea// are waehed dovn directly in their
cagee and, at integrated poultry farme, in the eanitary cleaeeing
chambcra iocatpd at the poultry receiving ahope. The eolutione
are prepared based on the calculation of 1 1 per chicken, 1.2 1
per duck and 1.5 1 per goose. When //poultry ie contaminated by
chemical warfare agente,// it i� recommended +;hat they be Washed
down with a 0.5 percent solution of sodium hydroxide or a eolution
of 2/3 the baeic ealt of calciuo hypochlorite. Agricultural
poultry ie aleo decontaminated in shover chambers.
V
Pereonn~l conduct veterinary treatment of animals in their
individual p~rotective gear. When the animale are coatiminated
by redioactlve eubetance., the reepirator can be u8ed in place
of the gas ~~ask. Upon completing the vork, the equipment, techni-
cel gear and? overalls are decontaminated. Pereonnel go through
a complete ~~ersonal cleaneing. If future work ie not anticipated
in th~ area, the drainage ditches and the pit for drainage water
are covered up vich dirt, ehe contaminated part ie fenced in and
vareing sigc~s are placed at the cornere of it vith the sign: "Con- ~
~aminatedi." ~
-36-
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FOR ~FFICIAL U56 ONLY
Dacontaminating Bquipment
Agricuitural equipment ie decortaminated in g specially equipped
araa ahere docke are built !or the vehicles and drainage ditches
are dug around Che dock.
//Redioactiva due~t// 3e r8movmd by eolutione of vater gnd detergenCe
(SF-2U SF�2~ talloa eoap)~atth ghoaer bruehee sttached to fire
pumpe. The eapenditura norme for the eolution are 2.5-3 1/square
meter. The vahic~ea can Be eraated by a powerful etream of vater
from the fira pump (20 1/equare meter). In the orinter~ the vehiclee
aro dried aith oolvente--karoeene~ dieeel fuel, gaeoline.
//Poeionoue agente/t atie deatroyed by a aateYy paete of blegching
powder or r_8leium hyp~?chlorite and aleo by ammonia aater or a epecial
alkaiine ammoni~ eolution (cantgintng 2 percent eodium hydroxide,
S percent mottoethanolamine and 20 percent 8mmonia; it decontaminates
earin very aell). The equipmant ie aiped doan vith rage eoaked '
in the prepaYation c~ted. in the abeerce of decortaminantie,
chamical agante are removed aith eoivents (kerosenn. gaeoline.
dichloroethane~etc.). Later, the treated rage are either burned
or buried in the ground. After the vehicles are decontaminated,
they are eprayed off vith vatar, permitted to dry out and greaeed
vith lubrieeting greaee or oil to prevent corroeion of inetallie
parte. ~en aiping down the equipment aith rags. the decontaminanti
expenditura norms are 1-1.5 1/square meter.
Equipment,ia disinfected vith eolutione of Water and calc3um
hypochlorite, bleaching poader~ formaldehyde~ Lyeol, monochloride
of iodine and othere. The methode of disinfection are the same
ae for decontamination.
Decontaminating the Territory of Liveetock _
Parme and Livestock Pacilities
The Workconnected vith decontaminating an area requires a large
expenditure of m8npovar and equipment. For example, to decontam-
inate territorq vith aa area of one hectare. at leaat 10 tone of
a decontaminating eolution are required. Th~~refore, not all the
territory of a farm and not all the buildir:ge ~nd etructures are
decontaminatad but onlq that part upon vhic:h peopl~ vill live and
vork and vhere animale and food storee aill :;e located. The re-
maining aectiona of the area are marked with epecial aaraing eigns
and left to decontaminate on their oWn.
Depending upon the contaminating factor, the decontamination of
territory, ~odder, foo~, water and various articlee is called
//radioactive decontaaination, cheoical dei.ontamination, dis-
infection.//
-37-
FOR OFFICIkL USE ONLY
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�
/ttadiaactive dec~ntamination/ is the removal of radioactive eub-
etancea from the eurfaces of varioua ob~ecta and also fram food
producta, fodder and water. In all cases~ the goal of decontamina-
tion ie to bring the radtoactive contaminaCion down Co the permie-
s3b1e amounta. With the /mechan:tcal/ method of decontamination,
radioactive duat is removed from ehe surface of ob~ects by eweeping,
shaking and waehing wi~h water; in addition, effort ie also applied
to remove the contaminated layer of land or enow, to f31~er water,
etc. The /chemical/ method of decontamination cona~.pte of dis-
solving the radioactive duet or changing the rgdiop.ce3ve ieotopes
into complex compounds and eubsequently rewoving them with a
particular solution. A/phyaico-chemical/ method of decontamina- -
tion ie also ueed; varioue decontaminating eoluCions are used for
thie purpose. -
~
Hard surface roads and sidewalks are washe.d with water (under a -
?resaure of 3~-5 atmosptierec~) , using 3 1 of water per equare meter
of surface. Dir~. ronua s:.e r~eplowed or their upper layer ie re-
maved with a acraper. Liveatock facilities are deconCaminated
by washing away Che radioactive substances wiCh a strong atream
of water. Waehing away the radioactive subatances begins with the
roof and then the walls, doors and windows are decontaminated;
the atream of water should be directed at the surface of the faci- _
lity at an angle of 30-40 degrees. Brushes and brooms on long
polea can alsa be used When washing down the walls and roof. The
radioactive contamination removed from ob~ects must be buried.
When cleaning livestock facilitiea, trenchea and holea are dug
to abaorb the water contaminated by the radfoactive cubstancea; .
when the decontamination is completed, they are covered up with
dirt. After sprinkling the floor with water first, the decontam-
ination of the inaide of livestock facilities uegins by mechanical-
ly cleaning the rubbieh and manure out of them. Rubbiah and
manure contaminated by radioactive substances cannot be burned;
they are Caken out to specially allocated areas and buried at a
depth of at least 70 cm. The walls, partitions and floa~ra in the
stalls or aisles are thoroughly washed and the water ia collected
along the drainage ditches in apecially dug holes which are filled
with dirt later. Articles used for tending animals (feed troughs,
buckets, etc.) are waehed down with water; brushea are used for
this purpose. Household soap, soda, lye or aurface acting agents
(OP-7, OP-10) in a 0.3 percent concentration are used fr~r more ;
complete decontamination.
It ts recommended that the following solutions be used to i::con-
taminate individual protective gear and items used to ter.d animals:
1) a aummer decontaminating aolution (.�D)~-a 0.3 ~~rcent solution
of water and OP-7 or OP-10 in a 0.7 percent s~?utiot; of aodium
hexametaphoephate; 2) a summer decontaminating .zcid solution
(SDA)--the same ingredients with the addition of 2 percent hydro-
chloric acid and 0.1 percent of ABP-5 (amino-butane polymer)
-38-
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FOft ~1?i+IGIAL U8g ONLY
ruAe inhibiror; 3) n vint~r d~~roniaoinatin~ acid rolution
' (WUA) ahich inriud~r th~a same compoeant0 ae tha SDA solution -
but calcium chloride or ma~ne~iuA chlorid~ ie inci~ded inotaad
of ehe ~ddium h~xametdphorpbate to loMer the freesing po~nt~
The i~athar parts of harnas~er ara vipQd aith ~ damp c,oth (oakum)
and the fait and rupQ part~ ate shaken out. Cioth~r~ �eocks and
�peciai und~rvear are �hak~n out and than, r+hen nQCSSS~ry~ vashed
in a detergent �olution according to �pecial proc~duret.
/Chemical decont4mination/ i� the dacontaminatioe or r~ooval of
chemical aarlara ag~nts. Tha �~thode o! dQCOntaoinaeion aras
//mechaeical~// ahere the contaminated layer of the groued, enov,
fodder or produce ir reoov~d or the contaminated area io �aal~d
off; //chemical,// vhere the ~hamical varfar~ ageatr are neutrali:ed
or deetroy~d by chemtral agent~; //physical~// vhore the cheotcal
8gents are d~~troyed by high temperaturee, ro~oved by �oiveato
or evaporated by airiag; //�ixed~// vhere th~ 'ethodo naoad above
ar~ combined.
ltoade and paooagea to facilitie� contaminated by ch~ecial varfare
agenta are decontaminated ia the fol~oving ~annert 1) the
contemineted area ie �prinklQd vith bleaching povd~r (1 kg of
bleaching powder per ~quare meter of surlace); it i� rubsequently
plowed up to a depth of 3-4 cm and again sprinkled vitn bl~aching _
powder. Whta the erea i� veakly contaminated. b~eaching povder
is sprinkled on it and then vater is poured on it 20-30 'inutee
later (When there ig a Wind. the vater ie poured on firot and
then the bleaching povder is sprinkled on it); or 2) the upper
10-cm layer of the ground (20-25 cm layer of snov) is re'oved;
or 3) the �urface of the ground ie covered vith send or maaure
(et least a 10-cm layer) and a cover ie oade of boarda. �heete
o~ plyvood, brancl~es, etc. -
Pacilitiee are decontaminatpd vith a 10-20 perceet solution of
bleaching povder or a S percent solution of sodiu� sulfite.
Calcium hypochlorite or unslaked lime c~n be uied inat~ad of the
bleaching powder. When the air temperature is lover thaa + S
degrees, aulfucic chloride, or a aarm 5-10 percent s~lutio~ of
sodiu� hydroxide or a 10-12 percent aolution of aevoni~ vater
ig used.
A 1-1.5 1/square ~eter solution of decontaminant is reyuired to
decontaminate buildinge and etructuree conteminated by mu4tard
gas ana a 1.5-2 1/square seter aolution is required to decoatasin-
ate buildings and etructure� contaminated by �arin and b~nary
gasea. Whea decontaminating aoil vith the povder of 2/3 the
basic salt of celcium hypochlorite or vith b~eachiAg povder.
their expeaditure aorms are 0.5-1 kg/square mete-; at the �a'e -
-39-
FOR OFPICIf,L USE ONLY
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Fdtt ~1~'Ft~IAL U5C dNLY
time, 4 1/~quer~ mee~r of wnt~r i~ r~quir~d to Wpt down th~
eoi1. If vooden ~urf,~ce~ hav~ be~n ~ub~~et~d Co thp ~ff~ct df
chemie~l vgrf~re eg~nta for a iong tl.me~ it is pos~ibl+~ ~or thpm
td "~v~~E c~ut" Eh~ ChamiC~l agent~ ~ftpr eh~ir d~~ont~min~tion.
Th~r~f~~e~ it ie n~r~r~gry to r~p~at the deGOntamination. In~ide
f~eilities, decontemination begine vith the valle~ feeding troughe
~nd fl~ors; then ~h~ rubbieh and manur~ ie ~IpArip~ up and th~
floore gr~ ~leaned ~gain. Th~ m~nurp and rubb~eh are 6ure~d or
t~kpn to ~p~ciaily ~llocgt~d pia~e~ for buriai. H~Caili~ ob~e~t~
(burkete, pitchforke, rpad~s, etc.) ar~ d~contamingted by firing,
by boiling thpm in 8 1-2 percert eolution of ly~ for 2 houre or
by vipieg th~m viCh eolvente 2-3 timee. After boiling, the arei-
cieu ~r~ vash~d dovn vith clean vatpr. Wooden ob~ects (tYOUg;~e,
fe~ding troughe, techering pogte, ~ec.) ar~ dpcontaminat~d
with ~ peete of bl~gching povder or wtth eolutione of decontam-
in~ting agente end eubsequently vaehed vith vater (1.5-2 houre
later). Wooden erticlee of little value are burned.
Pa~ture~ and hayfields contaminated by chemical agente are mgrked
vith va~ning signe. The poseibility of ~sing them efter they have
been deconteminated on their ovn ie decided baeed on the reeulte
oE laboratory etudiea of materfal taken from the contaminated
placee. A reliable method of decontamination is burniag the vege-
tation while observing fire safety meaeuree.
//l~ieinfection// ie the deetruction of agente of infectioue die-
eas~s in the external environ~ent. The poeeible methods are:
//chemica~// where the soicroorganiese are killed aith chemical
preparations; //physica~// if they are deatroyed by high tempera-
turea~ gamma ray~ or ultrasonic sound; and also, //physico-
chemical,// ahere, for example, the effecte of high temperaturee
and the gteam from Formalin are combined in a Formalin~ateam
chamber.
Li~;egtock fecilitiee and the territory ad~oining tbem are die-
infected in the folloyiQg manner: the territory and then the
fncilities (cow barne, pig eties,stablee, etc.) are first
abundantly vetted dovn vith the dieinfectant solution; after
this, ~ mechanical cleaning is conducted. Manure end rubbieh
arp burned on the epot or at the liveetock graveyard; when they
are beiag tatcen avey, e 1 cm layer of bleaching povder is
sprinkled on the bottom of the vehicle and oa top of the~.
Before loading, the interior surfacea of the vehicle sides are
Rmeared vith e bleaching powder paste. Then. every object being
treated, without exception, is completely vetted dovn vith
solutione of disinfectanta. The vooden and metallic articles
used for tending animals, ae vell as iteme made from fibere,
vool. tarpaulin and cotton, are disinfected by boiling them 30
minutes for vegetative types of microbea and 2 hours for the
apore typee. They can a18o be decontaminated in the Formalin
-40-
FOR OFFICIhi. USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
_
fOR (11?FICtAL U9~ ONLY
�te~m chneber~ a~ aeii ae by ~oaking ehQm in e di~irifactan~
soiueion.
Artialae m~~~ fro~ i~ath~r, rubber and eynthettc film ar~ vip~d
2-9 tim~s With a disinfac~ant eoi~tion vith 0.1-0.~ p~rcent
of an ~muleifi~r (OP-7~ OP-10 aed orher~) added to it to ooak
~hem bett~r; altar dioinfection~ the itass are dried out and
- lea~her articles are ssaared vith greese ~oint~ent).
Fari~iti~s and aquip~~nt conkasinat~d by opore� of Sibariun
~lcare ara er~at~d 3 tioas at hourly intervalo. During a�ingia
tir~at*ent, 1 1 0! �olution i~ ue~d for 1~quare '~t~r of ar~a
and, for apor~ types of ~icrobes, 2 1 are used. One of tha
foilovieg ~g~nts i� u~eds a�uspeaoioe of bieaching povder
coeta~ning eot iQe� than S pQrc~nt active chlorine; a 10 p~rceet
�olution of foroaldQhyde (calculdtiog 10 1 of Fursali~a per
90 ~ of vae~r); a S percent .ointion of �onochloride of iodine;
a 20 percant purified solution o~ the 2/3 baaic ~alt of calcium
hypochlorite. Tha solution ir abundantly poured over tt~e soil
( 10 1/squara ~~tar).
Rendering Nedical A~sistaace and Preventive Hedical
A~sistance to Contasinated Ani~ale
Anioal� vith a siight case of /radiation �ickn~se/ oaly rtquir~
~ good care, sound nouri~h~ent and veterinary ob~ervation. Tt?e
appropriate medicine� ar~ u~ed in the event their cdndition
voraena. In extresely bad ca~ee of radiation contasination, it
ie not advisable to treat anisals; they are slaughtered for ~eat
or to be ueed for commercial purposes. With a bad ca0e of radia-
tion sickneas, only highly productive anioals ehould be treated.
Ani~ale vith an average case of radiation sickness are pri~arily
subjected to treat~ent. In the~e case4, the treatment i� alvays
conprehenieve and it is directed at prev~nting infectiou� co~pli-
cationa end at normalizing the functione of producing blood~ the
circulatory and digeative orgsn� and the endocrine and ceotr.al
nervous eyeteme. A great deal of attention ehould be de~~oted to
�aintaining and feeding sick ani~als. They are placed in dry~
clean, vell-veatilated faciliti~s. Nourish~ent vhich is not
sound and tieely, diaturbancea. overheating or overcooling
cattle and also poor conditions for saintaining thee drav out
the period of radiation eickeess.
The rations are sade up of sound, good qualizy feed. Animals
are given legusinoue plants or �ixed hay, good silage~ ground
root crope~ bran, ground grain and ~oineral additives. Nhen using
straw, it 'ust be stea~ed and fed with the bran. Peed should be
givea 3-4 tises a day in s~all portioas. Vita'in therapy has a
good effect on anisala. Therefore, fro~ the first days of the
-41-
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
FOR dFf~ICtAL U3~ dNLY
iilna~~, it i� recomm~nded that the rstionr includ~ herb~l flour,
200-300 g of ~~nifprou~ flaur, g~rmingt~d gr~in and, in thp ~ummpr,
gr~~n leguminour pl~nte and cpre~i grein~. Nh~n !h~ir aituation
ir b~d, ~nimaie ere giv~n con~centrationA of vi~t~mine, C, K 8nd
8 complex, eepecially BiZ (th~e da31y dor~ of viCamin~ is increa0ed
by a factor of 2-3).
/iihen thpre ie interngi rontamination 6y product~ of a nuc~e~r ~
~axplogion/, ad~orbent~, bonem.al or barium euifatp are given in
norm~i dneeg by mixinq them with a double amount of vat~r to e~.iminate
~hege producte fro~o the intestines ~nd to reduc~ their abaorbtion
by thp bleod. Adeabar--liarium sulfate with e thoroughiy gd~~.u-
tiv~ ~urf~c~--provid~a th~ b~et eff~ct. Activat~d carbon (200-300 g)
or k~~iin and v~t~r ~an alro be ueed. A laxative--~odium eulfat~
d~cahydr~te in ~orm~l dos~s--ie giv~n 20-60 minuteg aft~ar their
ietroduction. Pota~eium iodide fe u~ed to reducp the build-up of
redioactive lodine in the thyroid gland. targe animale are given
2.5 g of it and emall animale at~e given 0.25 g.
/For b~t~ rontamination of the ekin,/ oeeeuree directed at elimina-
ting pain, arresting the development of infl~mmatinn, �pepding up
the regenerative proceaeee and pr~venting the development of in-
fection should be conducted ae eoon ae poeeible.
/For contemination/ of animale by //organic phoephoroue// chemical
varfare agente, the eymptome are treated after the introduction of
entidoteg. Recovery ueually sets in 3-7 daye later.
Por animale contaminated by //prueeic acid// or //cyanogen
chl~ride,//--after using amyl eitrite--it ie nece8eary to in~ect
a 1 percent eolution of inethylene blue prepared in a ZS percent
solution of vater and glucoap into the vein and, Without taking
the needle out of the veia, a 30 percent solution of eodium hypo-
eulfate muet be in~ected (100-200 ml of both for lgrge animals
and 10-20 ml for svall animals). If both preparatioae are not
available~ one of them is in~ected.
Whee animals are contamineted by //muetard gae//, a bandage vith
a 2 percent eolution of chlore~ine ie put on the contasinated ekin
and then a bandage vith a penecillin ointoent or vith a reverelble
emulsion of eulfa drugs. reduce the resorptive effect, a
30 percent eolution of sodium hypoeulfate (150-200 ml for ~arge
animals end 20-40 ml for small and young ani~alsj ie introduced
intravenously. Subsequent treatment ie for symptom8. Sy�ptoma
are treated for internal conta~ination.
For contamination by //levisite//,a 10 percent solution of
(monotyol) in S percent glucoee is injected in the veitn or
under the akin ae ae antidote (150 al for large animals, 35 ml
-42-
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FOtt OPFICIAL U5~ ONLY
for young cattle~ 1S ml for eh~aap~ hoge). Thp antidote i~ in=
~ac~Qd four timQS on the first dey al~ar th+~ contamination by
levisit~, thr~+a tioee oe th~ s4c~nd day and ~vo tis~� on the
third tfiroush the filth da~r~.
Por eoe~~sination by //pho~gene,// meaoure� are taken !o pr~v~nt
arpbyeesa. OxygQn ie ie~QCt~d ueder tha ekin for tha oxyg~n
shor~a~e vhich dev~iope ~3-S 1 for ~arge animais and 0.S 1 for
seali anisels).
Proc~dures for Slau~ht~ring and Conducting a
Vetdrinary Medical 8xa~inetion of the N~ot of Ani'ai�
Subjectad to the 8ft~eces of iieapoeo of Mae� Deetruction
Anisals ara group~d in~o exclusive groups according to tha type,
nature and degre~e of in~ury (coetamination) and also accordiag to
the deadlleas for elaughtering. Thay are �1~ughtared vitfi their
respective group~ at a sanitary siaughLor hou~~ or in the g~neral
shop of a reat co~bine af~~r hea~.thy ani~als are si~ught~red or
~hey ~re slaughtered at lield sla,~~ghtering pointo vhich ~re special-
ly set up. At thie point~ it i, aece~rary to havas a derrick
craae to pr~pare the carcasses--the crane i� ~quipp~d vith a hoiet
vhich is �et up ovar a hole covered by a lattic~ flooring; a
rack for the orgons and carcas� half; a table for scraping and
ea~ting th~ hide� aed a teble !or get~ing rid of th~ contents
of the int~stineo and sroaach; a barrel for pickling the rav
. inteetineo and a contaieer !or vater; a vheel barrov ~nd light
instrumenta. A pit for the contentt of the sto~ach aod intes-
tinal tract and for confiscates ~rejected otgans or parta of
organs) ie dug 5-10 ~ fro� this point. With a single derrick
crane, 20 head of cattle can be slaughtared and procersed during
a 10-hour period. In ail caaes vhere contaninated ani~als are
�laughtered, vhefl resoving the hide and innarde, 'easure� are
taken to prevent the possibility of contaminating the carcass
vith the vool and the contente of the stosach and intestinal
tract.
/For coate~ination by nuclear weapoas./ Aniaal� vith p~tonouaced
clinical ey~pto~s of radiation sickneaa~ vith a high body tespera-
ture, vith ~kin contaminated by radioactive sub~tance~ higher than
the peroi~sible asounts and thoee vhich have not gone through a
veterinary inspection caanot be slaughtered for aeat.
//When there are 'ultiple injuries// fro~o the ahock vave. heat
radiation and radiation, anisale are .laughtered and a veterinary
�edical inspection of the carcaaa and organs is conducted aith
due reg~rd for the in~ury (trausa or buro) vhich ha� cau~~d the
greatest pathological change� vhich have aa effect oo the 'edical
and hygenic icdices for the seat. ilith videapread burne on the
ekia (third degree burns over an area of at least S percent of
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
~Utt ~~FICtAL US~ tlNLY
th~ body'a eurface),~nimpt~ ehould b~ ~~1~ug~t~red for mQat
wi~h3n the firet four daye afteM ehe in~ury ~ine~ microbe
~~eding ef eha ~~r~u~e ~an ta~Ce p18ce later; in ~~nn~~eian ~rieh
rhig~ ehesa caregaeee ~ust be aub~ected ~o bact~riological and
bioehemicni atudiee.
//iiith reepnt in~urier and broken bonea~// animale can be
elgughtered for mear if there are no 1oca1 inflammatione and
if the body eamperature is normal. In theae casee, oniy thp
ttesuee permeated by blood and evallpn tiAeue~ are removed.
If inflan~mations, inflammation in the blood floving to the lymph
nodee and aleo indiratione of putrefaetion are det~cted in the
in~ured areae, bateriological and biochemical studies of the
carc~~~~~ ara conducted after the animals aYe elaughtered.
//iJith gamma irradiAtion// of anfmale in doee� vhich cauoe bad
and extremely bad caeee of rediation eicknese, they are eent for
glaughter. If they are killed durina the firet 3-12 day� after
irrad~tio~?, i.~., b~fore a pronounced clinical piceure of radia-
tion sickness has developed, than~ in the abeence of pathological
changes, the ~eat ia used vithout any r~etrictions. In theee
caees, a veterinary medical inspection of the internal org3ne is
conducted in accordance vith exieting regulationa.
//With ieternal radioactive contamination// in dosee ahich cauee
serious in3uries, animals can be alaughtered for meat until pro-
nounced clinical eymptoms of illnees develap. Theae animals are
usually killed betaeen the 6th and.l2th days after radioactive
eubstancea have etopped entering the body. DuYing this period,
the level of radioactivity in soft tissues decreasea bq a factor
of 10 or more and pronounced clinical eqmptoms of illneas may not
nppear. With internal contamination by the early radioactive sub-
stancee of a nuclear exploaion, aaimals can be killed for meat
during the first deys after contamination; at this time, the
thyroid gland and the major packets of lymph nodee are removed and
deetroyed.
Meaearemente are taken of the level of radioactivity in the carcaeeee
and other slaughteti producta obtained from contaminated animals.
The resulta of the veterinary medical evaluation depend upon the
concentration of radioactive subetances in them. If the content
of the latter exceede the permieeible concentration, the carcasaea
and other alaughter products are put in storage. The more junior
the products o: the exploaion which have entered the animal's
body and the sooner the animel is killed after they have entered
ite body, the quicker the concentration of radioactive 8ubetancea
in the carcaee and other producta will decrease during atorage.
Nith internal coatamination of animals by radioactive atrontium,
slaughter producte are produced depending upon the concentration
� -44-
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~
~o~ ox~tcin~. u~~ dr~LY
of thie radioact~ve i~otope in ehem and dapnnding upon the
hygienic mQdical qualiiy of Che m~at.
/Wieh contamination by poaioeeur agents./ ie th~ abe~nce of
~ntidotea or with a fatai co~~atoination by mustard g~e and
ar~phyxia~ing chemical ag~n~a~ it ie more a~'vieablQ to olaughtsr
the 8nimale for maae. por thir purpoae~ the procedurQe for
a prealaughtar 1erpQCtion of ~hem ~nd a a poataiaughter examin-
ation of the slaughter producte muet comply vith existiag regu-
lation~.
Whon the technical reeourcae are present~ a~l contaminat~d
animals~ regardl~ee of the type of chemical agQnt~ are ki11Qd
during the firp~ tao hours after conta~ingtic~t~. if thaoe~ coa-
ditione do not exiet, the folloving priority order io establi.hed
for el~ught~ring rontaminated 1ive~tock.
Animels contaminat~d as follows ar~ elaught~red in firet priorityt
a bad c~~e of contasination by organic phoaphoroua ch~mical
agenta vith a developed clinical picture of posioning and a18o
in ca~see where their daath hag been poetponQd by thQ introduc-
tion of antidotes; a serioue caee of contamination o~ tha ekin �
by nitrogen and eulfuric muetard gas vith the appearance of pro-
eoune~d di~turbence, convulsion~, sWe~lling o! the okin in th~
contaminated spot and iuterruption of eardial activity; avQragQ
and light caeea of contamiaation by levieite; and bad c~ae� of
contamination by aerve and parelyaing gasea. Aniaala contam-
inated by the folloving are elaughtered in eecond priority: an
average case of contaminatioa by organic phoaphorove chesical
agente; a bad caee of contamination by eulfuric mu4tard gao
through the reepiratory organe, digeetive organi and akin; a
bad case of contamination by phoagene. In third priority.
animale not actually ia daager of dying (elight po~ioning)
are slaughtered for meat. They are killed vhen neces8ary for
meat.
Animals with a bad case of levisite contamination (they are
treated with an antidote and, in the abaence of the latter,
they are deatroyed and buried in the ground) ae well ao thoee
in a state of agony are not elaughtered for 'eat.
Animals aith average and slight casee of levisite conta'ination
Mhich aere not killed during the first two houra after being
coataminated caa be slaughter~d no sooaer than 12-1~i houra later
eiace arsenic accumulates in the ~uecles during the 2-8 hour
interval efter contamination. In the future, ite conteat gradual-
ly decreases but it can be preserved in the organs up to 25-30
dr9e. Therefore, meat obtained fro~ anioale contaminated by
levieite must be studied for arsenic content (the natural content
of areenic in 'eat ia not greater than 0.5 mg/kg).
-45-
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o~?icrat. usB o~Y
During eh~ ~aed~c~i evaluation of ineat, guid~linea ar~ pro-
vid~8 b~r tha ra~uit� of th~ va~er3~nary mQd3eai Qxamination
of the carcaeeee and organs vith dua ra~ard for ~hQ deta
from thp praelaugh~er inepec~ion.
Meet is produced aithout any restrictionet aft~~r maturation
vhee contaminated by organic phoophoroua chamic~l ag~nte
(regardlees of ehe meane of contamination) if the anisal aaa
kiiled during cha firet two hour~ aftar th~a c~inicai pictura
of pooionieg davQloped; vfien slaugfit~ring livastock contaminat~d
by binary gaeee, ehe meae muse be etudsed for ite pooioe con-
tene wh~ch muet not excaed ehe maxioum parmisiible norss; ~ha
internal organe from animeis contamina~ad by organic phoephoroue
chemical agaete are sant !or commercial salvage; 2) vhde there
ia li~ited eontamination of the Bkin by muaturd gae or lavioite
(individual dropiete o~ the chemical ageet) otr vhan only the
lov~r parte of ~he limbs are con~aminaead; in theea ca.ea, the
contaminated epote on the carcaesea are tri'med off and the
contaminated parte of the limbg ara resoved aed sent for aalvagQ;
3) ahen anima~e are conta'i~atad by ~u.tard g~s throu~h th~
respiratory organe aed vhee they are siaughtered durieg the first
6-8 houro and also vhan they ara contaminatad through th~ digea-
~ive organs if ~he aei~al vas elaughtared not later than 12-14
houre from the time of it� contamination; in these ca~~a, all
the tnternal organs and the head are �ent for salvage; 4) ia
thp ~vent animal8 ara contadinated by aaphixiating chesical
agents and vhen cliuical signs of beginnieg e~phyee~a are
preeent, all che internal organs are aent for cos~ercial salvage.
Meat ie condemned and eent for coomercial proceesing or das-
troyed: in caee of very eerious contamination of animals by
muetard gae through the reepiratory or dige~tive orga~e; vhen
a large area (more than 1/3 of the surface~ of the skia is
contaminated and vhen the animal is already in a bad overall
condition during the firet houre of poeioning; when it le nec-
ceeeary to trim avsy a psrt of the carcass vhich exceeds SOX
of ite surface; vhen binary gaeea are detected in the ~eat above
the permissible limite; when microflora have saeded the seat
~rhich prevents ite utilisation as food.
The hidee of ani~als conta~inated by persi~tent che'lcal agents ~
are removed from the glaughtering sitee and 8ub~ected to de-
contemination and preservation. ~
/With contemination by biological agente./ Whea detersiniag
the poaeibility of slaughtering animale contaminated by bio-
logical agents for meat, the type of agent. its fors of em-
ployment (aeroPOl~ povder. etc.), the duratioa of the aniaal's
expoaure in the center of contamination, the time for conducting
-46-
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
!OR O~ICtAt U~~ ~HLY
veterinary tr~gtmQnt and nonspQCific or spQCif~c pravantive
e~~~aur~~, ur v~ii ae eh~ ~niiaiu' ~u~~~p~~b~ii~~i to ~n sgent
of thie cypa (or ~o ageets of ~he~~ t~rpeu) ar~ ~akpn ~nto
~anaidQration. Animala enb~ected to 6iological contgwina~ion
arQ not pQre~tted to be elaughtQred for sea~t untii efia type
of agen~ or ~oxin ~mployed by the eee.y ia ~etabiish~d~ if
they fiav~ not gone through vQte~inary insp~etion an8 vei~rin-
ary tteatsent aft~r baing ~u6~ected to conta'ieation by aA
agent or tha toxin of botu~ios; if sick or ~uApected of bQing .
sick vith Sib~rian ul~ers, ~aiioidosi~~ rabbit fev~r~ ca~tie
plague, Africae swine f1u, ca~el plAgun, poultry plagu~ and
ornithopsittacosi� ae v~11 as vith iilee~ea� eot Qncountered
in the 9oviae Union. Por other infectious di~~a~~~~ guiAe-
lines arQ provided by the appropriate regulatioe~ for vet-
~rinary in~p~ction of anisal� and for v~t~rinary �ddicoi Qx-
amination of ineat and meat products.
A~~ p~reono conducting veterinarr trngts~nt, presiought~r
in~pectioe, slaugh~er of ani'als and prepara~ton of carcaeAee
muet co�ply vith individual prQ~r~ntiv~ �~a~ur~~. Ssoking~
drinking and eating are forbidd~n during vork. Wh~n th~
eiaughter of ani~al� cont8oinaced by ~iological a~ent� i�
cospleted, ~laughter houses, ola.ughtering point� and �lau~ht~r-
ing areas are eub~ected to secha.nical claa~ing oad diainf~c-
tion. All in~tru~ants, ~qulps~nt, tool� and ov~ra~l� a� vdll
a� drainage vater ara dacoeta'i~?ated. Operating p~r~onnal
go through a par~onai clean~ing.
S. Protecting Plants Against W~apons of Ma~s Destruction
A numbar of organisationai, agrache~ical and o~h~r �~asur~� are
conducted in peaceti~t to protect planta again~t vtapon� of
aaee destruction. Aa especielly large a~ount of att~ntion i�
devot~d to prev~nting the spread of agricuitural crop disea~er
and peete. Appropria[e breeding vork is also coadnct~d to
develop piant typee vhich are iasune to di~eaieo and lonisiag
radiation. Neaeures are coaducted to isprove �oil fertility and
quarantine ~~asures are c~rried out.
CD ~teasuree When Planta Are Contaeinated by N~rbicidea
Aacilitq CD chiefa aad the apprapriate speciali~ts of the plant
protective servicer organise alA the �eaaures for protectiag
plants against weapona of �aaa destructiau. The practical vork
is accoapliohed br the sanpover and equip~ent of the kolkhoses,
sovkhoses. aechanised detacheents of the Argricultural Bquip-
�ent Aesociation and plaat prot~ctioa stations. After astablish-
iag the fact that the ene~y hiia e~ployed che~ical agent~~ the
kolkhos (~ovkhos) agrono~is~� aad the phytopathological
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~Oti hFPICIAt UyB ONLY
re~onnaie~~nce tea~o thr~~~u~h1y ~x~~in~ ~1i th~ fat~'~ fieid~
~nd, uAi~g vigu~~ and qu~ck methQ~a, they dec~~tmi~e ~hQ type
of herbicide (defsiiant, de~ircane) At~d they 81ro taka ~a~pi~~
for ~ iabora~ory an8~yeie and determiee th~ bouedariee of
th~ con~a~iea~~on. A recor~ or rapor~ ia compiied baaRd on che
r~~uit~ of ~h~ exa~ina~ion of th~ agricultur~l area. tiee
copy of the repor~ is gent ~o th~ etaff of the rayon's p1an~
~nd ani~aal prot~ctiv~ a~rvice and, a~ong vith the saopiae
caken (piantr, ciippinga), the aeaond copy ie ~pn~ to thQ a~ro-
chemicai iaboratesy ~thQ piant protection ~tation, scientific
r~~~greh ine~itute).
After determi~ing ~h~ type and do~~ of the herbicider vhich hav~a
e~c~led on the plants, th~ farm agronomiet foreca~ts thQ posaibie
1~ve~ of piane eonteminatio~ aith dua ragard for thely davelop-
m~ntal ~tage, vea~her conditione aed aloo poeeible c~rop loeeee
or plant deathr; after thfs, he ou~iinee a pian of ~~gsur~e to
eav~ th~ harves~. When yonng crop~ area coetasinated by herbi-
eidps to a siight degree vhere poos~bl~ crop iosses do not
Qxce~d 30 p~arcent of BD30*, thorough and incr~ased car~ of
young crope ie required. Mineral oupplem~n~s arQ given,
cultivation is carried out betvean ehQ rovs, additianal
vaEering io conducted, etc. The grein harveet~d froo ~heae
fieida i~ only used for food vith the pQrmis~inu of th~ sedirol
s~rvic~ and it is ueed for feed for livQStock only vith tha par-
oigeion of veterinary apecigliets after thay have detsroinad th~
remaining a~ount of herbicide in it. ithen usieg sineral ferti-
lis~re for eupplementary plant feeding, it should be borne in
sind that supplementary faeding of ~?oung cotton plants and other
dicotyledons vith nitrogen fertilisera vi11 increaiQ th~ toxictty
of th~ herbicide during thp firnt 1-2 apelcg afcer ~he employment of 2,4-D
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic ncidj nr 2,4,5-T [2~4,5-trichlorophenoxyacpcic acidj.
When there i~ an average level af conta,ination of young crops
(50-70 percenc reduction in the harvest), depending on tha farm'�
economy and ite equfpmert reeourcea, tbe plante can be ploved up
and the fields can tfien be eovn a8ain vith crope vhich are im-
mune tr? the given herbicide or the contamiaatad crops arp l~ft
for harveeting vhen mandatory seasure� are coeducted to reduc~
the haroful effect of the herbicide. The harvest obtained fros
theee ereas is used as food for people or as fe~d for livestock ~
after the asount of herbic~de re~aining ia it is d~tereiaed. ~
The eeeds of oil producing corps (sunflovere, caetor plants)
which are obtained fro� fields vhich heve an average level of
contaminatioe by 2.4-D. 2,4,5-T preparation~ are proceeeed
~ EDgp--the effective dose vhich, vhen employed vill reduce the
harvest by 30 percent.
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~
,
FOR ~f~FICIAL tJ~~t ~NLY
for ~o~aercfAl purpoAea~ The e@~ds of dicotyiedono f~ro� eh~~o
fieido should not be seored �inaa th~y ara die~inguifhad by a
inv r~p~ci~y for gQrv~egt~on.
Wh~n a hith 1ev~1 ~90-100 perc~n~ of the harveet peri~hdi) of
th~ yonng crope are ~aflLa~ina~~d, ~he piante arQ~ ae a rui~,
dtatroy~d. whQe ~he planlo ar~ eoe v~ry high, thQ fiQid in
p1oNQd ov~r; ahen ~h~ piane� ar~ high, they ara ~oa~d~ takan
b~,vond tha boundari~ae af th~ fiQ1d and burn~d aed Lh~ fi~id
is plovQd ovar. Mith A high 1~v~1 of conta~ieation of di~otylQ-
dons (eunfioa~re, l~gu~inous crop~, v4gQegbia crop~) and
fodd~r gra~oas vith ~he 2,4-D, 2,4,S-T prepara~i~es, it
is rQ~oa.~nd~d that ~h~y be ~ovaa q~i~kly end put intn �ilag~
and it i~ racos~~nded ehat th~ areae be piovod ov~r. During
the s~lag~ proce~e, th~ herbicideo cit~d d~rorpo~! vithout
interfaring vith the oicrobiologtcal procas� vhich tak~s
place vfien the sasa i� ground. ThQ silag� vili al.o ba �uit-
gble for f~~din~ liv~stock.
Chopping--i.e., re'oving that part of th~ ~talk Mhich ha� th~
d~far~ed 1~ava� (up to 1/3 of the �talk)--io oaa of th� �ethods
for ~avin~ cotton plants conta~inoted by pr~pration� of th~
2,4-D type. Chopping sp~~ds up th~ for~~tion and d~v~lop~ent
of additional shoo~~ and it ip~~d~ up tha for~ation o! l~rtile
branch~~ on the� vith boll~. It ir ~#f~ctiv~ vhsu th~ p1an~�
ore in tha �ta~~r o! havin` ~?-5 actual leave� aed b~for~ budding
begin~, vith th� cond:tion ihat th~r are contasinated by herbi-
cide to a�light or av~r,a~t da~rea (crop losa~� up to 40-~0
p~rcent). IL is not v~r~~~ ~ffactiv~ vh~n conducted duriag tha
latar pha~~� ~f cotton pl~nt devtlopaent (in thd avent a
herbicid~ ha� been a~ploy~d) �nd aloo vhen plant� ha~e b~~o
conta~inated to a severe de`re~.
it ehould b~ borne in �ind that, vh~a the harvsst is rtduc~d by
SO parcent a result of tha �~ploy~~nt of a herbicide~ the
co~serciai qualicy of the r~~aining cotton fiber and oe~d� is
~harply raduced. The fib~r vili be fourth rat~ and th� �eed�
vill b~ third cla~~. Wh~a 70 parcent of tha harv~~t i� lo~C,
the fib~r change� to fourth-fifth grade and �eed� ara not rated.
Regatdless of [he herbicide doae (paraqnat. piclora~. di-
~ethylar~ioic acid), anisal~ are not p~r~itt~d to ~rase on
conta~inettd pa~ture� aod ~ra~a contaeinated bJr herbicide�
i� not per~ittad to be �ovtd and fed to anisala. Hithin
th~~e area~~ vater cannot be taken fros open sourc~s to
drink. to u~e for nutritiv� purpos~� and to vat~r anisals
vithout eh� per~ission of the �~dicai and v~terinary �arvicea.
-49-
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FCR O~FICIAL US~ ONLY
/Ueing eo~~taminated iand./ l~uring the year a herbicide 3s
ampioy~d, pioved-up fieide can be t1Apt~ for eoaing ainee~ or
Qar~y-ripening epring food aed godder crope vhich gra immune
eo ehe preparation employed by the eeemy. Thue, grain crope,
primar~ly corn, can be cultivatpd on land co~~a~inated by
p~cioram an8 it ie recommendQd that vinter crope be ~oan in
f~aide cnnt~minated by parequat.
flut~ing t1,1e first eevQrai yaare, land contaminatad by dimathyl-
ar~entr acid or by ita prQparationr cannoC be ueed to grov
food and foddar crope einca the harvest may contain an increasQd
amount of ar~pnic. Theee areaa can be uoed for commercial crop~
vhirh are not ue~d for food or ~eed.
CD M~ar~uree Nhen Plaete ere Contaminated by Biological Agente
i1h~n th~ fact hae been est~bliehed that biological agente have
bp~n ~~ployed, it ie neceeeary to eetablieh the type of agent
and ca~cry out an examination of all the fielde. During the
examieation proceae, the boundariee of contamination, tha
deneity of the sporee per square meter~ the degree of initial
contaroination of each field and ehe po~sibility of en epiphytic
condition developing ~ra eAtabliehed.
Wt~~n th~ uredoeporee c+f //grain ruet// are detected in the air
or or~ crope, the poseibillty of the parasite groaing in the field�
!e d~etermined and deadlinee and a prioritq order for treating
fielde vith fungicidee (cinebe. polqcarbecene. manebe and other
ditt?~iocarbematee as well ae nickle ealts, ground or collodial
sulphur, etc.) are planned. It is most advisable to uee ciAebe
(a damp gray or yellovieh grgq powder coetaining SO to 90
percent of the active ingredient--ziac biethylenedithiocarbamate
((CH2NHC33)22a~) and polycarbacene (the complex of the ainc eait
frnm biethylenedithiocarbamic acid and polqethylenethiuramdi-
~ulfide; it ie manufactured in the form of a 75-80 percent damp
povder). Por euccessful control of grain rust, it ie very im-
po~rtant to determine the time vhen the fielde ehould be traated
vxth fungicidee.
The tlme for the moet effective employdent
of fungicidee ig detersined in the folloving ~
manner. The firet treatment ie conducted
upo~ detecting the agent for atem rust in
the air or on cropa in an amount capable of
causing an epiphytic condition if the veather
favors it. The poasible contamination of
vheat is analyzed further and the ~ycle for
t1;e fir~t uredogeneration of the fungue ie
detervined. If there vas a dev or if i~ had
rained in the 6-8 hour period vhile the
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FoR o~ici~. usg ornY
epoYas vere eettli~g doan, a~nd i~ tha air ~
t~mpera~ure did eot drop lorer than +],0-1Z
d~gro~r, tih~n Ch~ opcr~o whirh ratti~d on
rh� pianta aiil groa And con~a~inaea tho
vhaat aith ruet.
Tha cycia for groving ehe first uradoganaration
of tha ~unguo d4p~ndo on ths t~mparaturat
th~ highar it i~ tho qnick~r tho groving
cycie Miii �nd. Por it� cospl~tion~ it re-
qnl.rts u�um of ~~fdctiva tamp~rseuros which
aquai� 12S dagr~os for vhaat �t4m tuet and
it roqu3rer a�inirus tomp~ratur� aqaal to
+ 2 dagY~es !or t~a parasito'� groveh. ~ro-
c~~ding lrom thi~~ tha cycl� ~or davalopiD ~
the lir~t uradog~n~ratioe is cacluatad ac-
cording to tha !or'ulat ~
~
~ T-t '
vh~rei~~ is tha cyci� for groving tha gea~-
ration (in days); C i~ the �um o! tha �ltactiv~
t~'p~rature; T io tha averagn daily air t~m-
p~raturo; t i� tha loM~r teeFaratura thra~b-
hold foY gYOwing tt~� lungua (aqual to + 2
degr~de).
~a+~ncpat~IfrNJqRwI 'j
T~~~!I~I~IrMAy'eo~)
1 r+u~ ~
Aar~ ~p~~er� *?~car~~� ry+ewtne� A'�~ 1 eNtNee~r� ~t*tr� ~ctM'
1C~RrM NaM I-- f Inlt tcy� Tu~N~M p~M T- t NYt MM
3 4 ~�~:,rrr 3 4 , ~v~*rv
41.0!'i IO , 1!4 ~i.11F Rf1 IR M+
?t.liq IN ~ IR 21f.Afi IA 1(i 10~
H.nB~ ~2 I ~ 6 8 41.05 IB 1~ 116
Ray: 1. Data
2. Taoperaturee (in degreea)
3. Average daily
4. Slfective T-t
S. Sus of effective te~peratures
H:~sple. The �pores are detacxad on 70 Hay.
The av~rage daily te'perature vas equal to
18 degr~es; th~r~ va� dev on tha plant�
throughou[ the entira nigbt and they vara
contasinated. Th~ aubsequent cour~e of tha
t~~peratur~ s
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;
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According to tihie data~ the appearance of
puatiulee of rust ehould t~e expecCed on 28
May. This meane Chat it is necessary to
epray the crops aitih fungicides before the
maeeive development of ured~opuatules and ~
before the uredoapores of the fungue are
~ ecattered, i.e., not later than 28~29 May.
,
The deadlines for evbsequant treat~ments of
the,grein with fungicides are determined ,
in the same manner. ~
Cinebe or polycarbacerie suepended in water with an expenditure ;
norm of 4 kg per hectare (.for the active ingredient) are used
for chemi~al txeatment of fielda against ruet. The suepenaion ~
ie eprayed on the fields from an airplane equipped with a '
boom sprayer or from a helicopter equipped with a boom sprayer ,
with a centrifugal whirling diffuser and aleo ~�ith ground-based
aprayera. ~
The suspenaion is prepared before uee; cropa are treated with i
it in the morning (before 1000-1100 houra) or after 1800 hours.
The treatment is conducted 2-3 times: the first time is ;
immediately after it has been establiehed that the enemy em-
ployed spores of the ruat fungus; the second time is during ~
the 1-3 day period before the firat generation of the fungus
hae finished growing. When necessary, the third treat~ment is
~ before the second generation ie finished. At the same time, .
uncontaminated territory is also taken in. Measures are taken
at the same time to eliminate the intermediate hoat--the
barberry bush. '
To control //phytophthora infection// of potatoea, the tops of
the plants are aprayed with fungicidea combined with supple-
mentary leaf-feeding of pnoaphoroua and potassium. For these
purposes, a mixtur~e of Bordeaux insectcide, calcium chlori~e
and superphosphate extracta is uaed. The Bordeauac mixture
(a solution of copper sulfate and unslaked lime) is prepared
according to special methods. Then, two parts of a 7.5 percent ;
solution of auperphosphate extracts in water are takel, about ~
1.5 percent of calcium chloride is added and everything ia '
mixed with one part of a 3 percent Bordeatx mixture of a neutral I
reaction. The working solution is used fi:i the freshly prepared
form. Due to the difficulty in preparing the Bordeaux mixture,
cinebe or copper oxychloride (50 or 90 percent copper oxqchloride
and the reat--filler) is usually used. The expenditure norm per
hectar for one treatment of both preparationa is 2 kg of the
active ingredient.
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NOR hFFtCtAL U~L~ tlNtY
The firet fungicid~ tregtmQnt of potato piaetr i~ accompliehed
imm~diat~ly efter th~ fact ie eeeabliehed that eh~ plante are
contaminatad and not later than the day of rhe initial appeaY-
ene~ nf tha direeg~. Th~ deadiinee for eub~equert traatmdnte
ar~ determ~ned by the egronomis~e besed or the length of time
the fungtcida'e aceivity is preeerv~d on tha piants ~ed ba~ed
on the synop,.ic veatfier forecaet for the givea area. Tha
minimum ar?d maximum t~mparature~ the sum of the affoctiva
tempergturee, tha incubatioe cycie for groving the fungue and
the pree~nce of pr~cipit~cion ~r~ taken into account. _
Cieebe and ~he Sordeaux mixture are u~ed to elimingte rice
//piriculariosi~.// Only measures ahich increas~ �oii fertility
~nd breedieg vork are conducted a~ ~ea.ures !`or contYOlling
//cotton plant vilt.//
/Tending agricultural crnps./ it is recommeeded thet cereal
crop~ be giver supplemental leef-feedinge of potaesium (8-15 _
kg/hectare a:.d phoephoroue and potasaium (8 kg of potaeeium
chloride and 7 kg of superphos~hata per hectare), espacially
during the tuber period. Supplemental crop vatering is resorted
to in irrigated land during the tilleYing and tuber stag~s.
Contam~nated vegetation ie destroyed. Potato and beet
crope receive rupplementa: cultiv8tion betveeo the rovs and
edditional fertilizer.
When /harveating crops,/ it ie important to prevent contamin-
etion of seed material.
_ CD Measurea Nhen Plants are Contaminated by
Radioactive Subetances
Por all practicel purposes, it is imposeible to protect plante
in the field from the casualty producing factor.s of a nuclear
exploaion, including radioactive eubetancee. Only s~all areae
can be covered aith film. Therefore, in the event the enemy
' employs nuclear weapons, the basic measuree in groving plants
will be directed at reducing the damage caueed by radioactive
fallout and a!. decreaeing the entry of t~adioactive isotopes into
plant tiesuee. especiaily into the economicaliy useful part of
them.
The radioactive products of a nuclear explosion can settle on
fields //before eowing.// In this caae, the soi' is contamin-
ated and, therefore, deep ploving--by completely turning the
furrov over--ehould be conducted in all fielde designated to
be eown with Winter and spring crope in zones C and B of the
path of the radioactive cloud. As a result of thie ploving,
the upper, contaminated layer is put on the bottom or the furroW.
-53-
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i~d[t dF~tGtAi, U5~ ONLY _
Sub~~quently, ehalinw~r ploving ie conductpd i:~ order not to
rai~~ the radioective eoii to the surface.
Wh~n nuclear warheade are expioded during //the plant vegeta-
tion period,// not only the eoii but gl~o the vegeeerive cover
ie cont~minated by radioACtive ~ubetancee~ This kind of eitug-
tion cnn ~riee ahen the path of the radioacrive cloud is being
formed dnring above end beloa ground nuclear explosions (~ocai
tiedioactive fallout) end aleo during the period of inteneive,
woridvide radioactive faliout (tropaepheric a~?d etratoapheric
fallout) which can occur over a p~riod of 2-3 y~are. In theee
ceeee, a eyetem of protective meaeures directed at eaving crops
and decreeeing the radioactive contamination of the producte
of plant growing ie employed.
Finally, over a period of ineny years~ the eoil Will contain
ieotopee with a long life (strontiam-90, ceeium-137 and othere)
which migrate from the eoil to the plante. In theee situation~,
a syetem of ineasuree directed at reducing the tranefer of radio-
active �ubetancee into the underground part of plants and root
crops is condncted.
CD Meaeuree for Reducing Crop Loseee and
Surface Contamination of Agricultural Producea by
^adioactive Subetances
Croaing vegetable and berry crope and fruit and citrue trees in
protected ground (greenhouses, hothousee, hot bede) ie the ideal
measure for protecting p~ants againet radioactive fallout. In
our country, a great deal of attention is devoCed to greenhouee
farming for the purpose of eupplying the population with fresh
vegetables and berries the year round. Large greenhouses are
being built at the eovkhozea near cities.
Thue, the area o! greenhouBee at the capital's
Moscow Sovkhoz Combine ie 64 hectares. During
the year, the combine producee 16,000-18~000
tona of vegetables. .
Dur~ng the period of a threat of an enemy attack, small areas
of vegetable crope. tea plantations and citrus grovee can be
covered by film. For this purpose, 1.5 tons of polyvinylchloride
film is required per hectare of area and labor expenditures
for covering it vill be 20 man-houra.
During the period of intenaive~ worldwide radioactive fallout,
ii ia recommended that more food crops whose grain is covered
by folds or acales (legumes, oate, rice, millet. buckvheat,
corn) be cultivated. The seeds of sunflovers, flax and hemp
-54- '
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FOR OFPICIAL U36 ONtY
nre proCected againet Aurface coetaminatl,on by radioactive oub-
gtanc~r. Untii a lot of radioactiv~ aubetancee build up in ehe
goii, the tubere of potatoae gre aleo protectQd ~gl~i,nrt local
contaaination by th~ eoil.
The magnitude of the surface contamieation of pianto by radio-
activa eubatancar depende up~~n tha foree of the lea~reo, the
praeence of ridge~ on tham, atc. and also upon tha stage of plant
grovth vhen the radioactiva dusti eattled (Tabie 33).
Table 33. Stroetium-90 Contant of Crain aad Chaff buring
8urface Contamination of ilheat Crope by an I~otope
During Various Stag4s of arovth
~ ~
~ 1 ~ , G~~.p,~4~~n~ eth~~Yr~~~J
T~1~ nA~pMTNN. ~ fl~h9lNr MMf1~dA (1` +if INNI~~:IpC?h tla f11R'l~M1~
IIj1~~lU1'l~CMA l~~~tNf11CMM! (ldtlM~d
~ 3~~ s~PMe ( 4~ s ew+sw
S hyuteui~r O~~M1~ 0~4
Du~n1 o tpy6Kr O.fM 8.1
L(urauNe ~ ~S 48~8
~ g +~KOO~~ c,~rr.oct. 1,8 ~,S -
Key: 1. Stage of growth during which crope were
contaminated.
2. Strontium-90 content (percentage of vhat tall
on crope)
3. in the graia
4. In the chaff
S. Tillering
6. Putting out tubera
7. Blooming
8. Colden ripenese
The le8s time that pasaes from the day of radioactive contam-
iaation of crope until the harvest is gathered in, tbe greater
the amount of radioactive substances that vill be contained in
the harveet of agricultural crops. During plant vegetatian~
their level of radioactivitq decreaees as a result of the
natural decay of radioactive eubstances, radioactive du4t being
waehed off bq precipitation, radioactive dust being blovn~off
by the srind and as a reeult of old leave8 falling off. i~hen
crops are vetered with sprinkling syeteme~ a eignificant part
of the radioactive duet ia vaehed off the plants.
/Tending agricultural crope./ The proceas of tending crope is
changed for purpoaee of reducing crop loeaes. In order to plan
measuree for tending crope, a field dosage ~ap ehould be dravn
up. Por thie purpose~ it is neceesary to obtaia data on the
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FO[t A~FICIAL U5~ tlNLY
tim~ of tihe nuelp~r exploe~on~ the b~~inning ~nd end of iocal
radioective f~llout ~nd th~ maximum 1av~1~ of rgdigtion in
veri.ou~ fieids. The l~vele of radiatio~ in ali the fielde
~r~ eitpd for a eingle, epec~fic tim~ ~for 1 hour or 10 hourg
aft~r the expiosion~ ~te.); af~er thio, the ~ppropriae~ value~
for th~ radiation levei~ are ported on tfie fieid map (Figure
65). Then, the radiatioa doAe ah~ch veg~tating plants ai11
recQive during a 4-dey period or until the end of the vagetatlon
period ie eetimated (eee Table 45 on p 245). UOing the daea
in Tabl~ il, probable crop ~oeee~ are calculated baeed on the
ei~~ ~f the radiation dose~. 8aepd on theee calculations, the
radiation eitualion vhich has developod ie the fielde, mQadowe
and gardene ia evaluat~d and mea0uree are pianned for tending
crope ~nd for eaving, gethering and ueing the harveet.
If the radioactiv~ duet f~ll on th~ fielde when th~ crnpe h~d
~1r~ady ripened, then, given a timely harveet, it vill not have
any effect oe the eise of the harveat. Nowev~r, tha grein
obtained may loee ite germinating capecity from the effect of
lonizing radiation. In addition, the grain may crumble and,
in dry weather, root crope may rot if the harveet cannot b~ done
in a timely menner due to the high level of radiation in the
fielde for theee crope. Por example, practically ail the cereal
crope in the etagee of grovth vill perieh in zone C; up to
50 percent of the crope maq also perieh in sone B.
If, according to.the estimate, SO percent or sore of the harvest
of vpgetating plante vill peYieh in e particular field~ an pr:d
ie put to tending the crope. The radiatioa levele vill be high
here. Based on radiation aecurity conditione, vhen the oppor-
tunity presents itself, the cereal and l~guminoue crope in
theae field~ are moved for hay and the areae are again sovn
With early ripening crope or the soil !e prepared for vinter
crope. .The hay obtained from these fields is ueed for live-
atock after radioactive meneurementa are taken.
In fielde Where lese than SO percent of the crope perieh, care
for the crope ie improved: plante are given aupplemental leaf
feedtngs; cultivation ie conducted between the rovs; the
~?atering norme are increased; etc.
Nhen planta are contaminated during earlq stages of grovth by
a dose which ie SO percent of the fatal doee, their grovth and
development ure eharply arrested and~ at the same time, the
harvest decreases by approximately 60-70 percent. If plants
are radiated by the cited doae after blooming~ the harvest may
drop insignificantly (up to 20 percent); hovever, the grain vill
not be euitab'.e for seed purposes. It may loee its germinating
capacity. The radietion of vheat crope by a 400 roentgen dose
during the tillaring and blooming stagea vill cauae a SO percent
-56-
FOR OFFICII.:. USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040004-2
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