JPRS ID: 8349 TRANSLATIONS ON USSR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

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Z~ !lARCH i9~9 CFOUO i0l?9~ i~ i
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- ~7PRS L/8349
22 March 1979
~
TRANSLATIONS ON USS R SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BIOMEDICAL AMD BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(FOUO l0/79)
~
~~R.
U. S. JnINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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NOT~
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- BIBLIOGRAPHIC ~A?A 1~ Kepon Nu, 2� 3~ itcripient's Aeccaeion Nu,
SHEET Jptt5 L/ 8399
1, u e an u t?t e 5. eport ate
'1'RANSLATIONS ON USStt SCI~NC~ AND T~CNNOLOGY 22 March 1979
1lIOM~UICAL AND 13CNAVIOItAL SCICNCES~ (FOUO 10/79) 6~
7~ Author(e) 8~ Nor(orming (kgsnizatiao ttept,
' 9. F'ettormiog Urgrnisuion N~me and Addrtae 10, Piojert/7'nek/Work Unit Nu,
.IoinC Publicarions ReseArch S~rvice
_ 1()00 Nortll C1ebC IZOAd I1. Conrrsct/Gt~nt No.
Ar1it~F;ton, Viiginia 22201
` ~ R~ e v ~ ` _ ~..i a ri,,dw -
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~1s ab~ve
14.
15~ Su,plemencuy Notea
16~ Ab~tncts
'i'he r~~port con[ains informat~on on aerospace medicine, agrotechnology, bionics
" and bioacoustics, biochemistry, biophysics, environmental 1nd ecologic~l.
problems, food technology, microbiology, epidemiology and immunology,
marine biology, military medicine, physiology, public health, toxicology,
rudiobtology, veterinary medicine~ behavioral science, human engineering,
psychology, psychiatry and related fields, and scienCists and scienCific
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17. Key mords ~nd Documeat Ao~lyais. 170. De~etiptor~
US5R Medicine
Aero~pace F!~dicine Microbiology
A~rotechnology Physiology ~
Biology Psycholugy/Psyci~iatry
tiotany Public Nealth
h:pidemtology/Immunology Radiobiology
Human I:ngineering Toxicology
~t~~rinc Biology Veterinary Medicine
17b. 1~lentifie~~/Open�Ended Terms
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JPRS L/8349~
22 Maroh 1979
TRANSLATIONS ON USSR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES ~
~
(FOUO io/~9) ~
.
CON7EN7S PAGE
AGROT~CHNOLOGY
NOTICE: "Automated Pig Breeding Farms and Complexes"
which appeared in JPRS L~7807, 2 June ~978,
(FOUO ~6/78) of this series pp 11-70 has
been decontrolled and no longer FOR OFFICIAL
USE ONLY. The new p~~blication number ia
JPRS ?3021, 16 Nlerch 1979 �
ENVIRONME~VTAL AND ECOIAGICAL PROBLIIKS
Conserving F1.iel and Power
( Yu . P. Bcn~kov; I43IIM.M'?~{0-FAEtMATSEVTICHESKIY ZH1ktNAI,~
No 1, 1979) 1
P~iYSIOLOGY
A Comparative Investigation of the Lymph Organa of Rats
Sub~ected to Weightlessness and Artificial Gravitation `
~ Duri Space Flight
~G. N. Durnova; ARHIiN ANATOMII, GISTOLOGII I
ENIDRIOLOGII, No 11, 19?8) 8
SCIENTISTS AND SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS
- E. N. Pa.vlovskiy Gold Medal Awarded to N. G. OlsuP'yev
(VESTNIK AKADENaI NAUK SSSR, No 7, 1978) 16
New Members of the Academies of Sciences o2' the Latvian,
Moldavian, Turlunen, Ukrainian a.nd Estonian SSR
('JESTNIK AKADF,MII NAUK SSSR, No 1978) 18
Academicia.n V. E. Sokolov Celebrates SOth Birthda.y
( VESTIJIK AKADENBI 1JAUK SSSR, No 5, 1978 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
- a- [III - USSR - 22 S&T FOUO)
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CONTENT~ (Continue~l) ~Be
L. A. Orwell Prize Awasded ~o D. A. Sakharov
(VESTNIK AKADII~I N~1UK 85SR, No 3, i978) 22
Sechenov Pr3ze Awarded to P. G. Kostyiak
(VESTNII{ AKADFM~I NAUK SUSR, rro 2, i978) 24
P'UBLICATSONS
, Nega~tive, Unaccountable F~notiona Affect Percep~ion
(E. A. Koetandov; V08PRIYATIYE I EMOTSII, 1.9?7)...~ 26
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ENVZRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGZCAL PROBLEMS
UDC 661.12.004.183
CONSERVING FUEL AND POWER
Moscow KHIMIKO-FARMATSEVTICHESKIY ZHURNAL in Russian No 1, 1979 pp 3-7
[Article by Yu. P. Borkov, Deputy Chief, Administration of the Senior �
Mechanic and Senior Power Engineer, Ministry of Medical Industry]
[Text] One of the most important tasks having the goal of heightening
production effectiveness is sensible use of�raw materials, matierials, fuel,
and electric power, and greater economy.
According to the "Basic Directions for Development of the USSR National
~ Economy in 1976-1980" approved by the 25th CPSU Congress, consumption norms
must be reduced by 3-4 percent for boiler and furnace fuel and by 5 percent
for e].ectric and thermal power in the lOth Five-Year Plan.
Actively participating in the All-Union Public Review of the Effectiveness of
Resource Utilization, many labor collectives of the Ministry of Medical
Industry are competently utili2ing internal reserves for reducing specific
fuel and power consumption norms with high results.
In 3 years of the current five-year plan all af the ministry's enterprises
saved the following amounts in relation to the set norms: Fuel--over b0
thousand tons (corrected to comparison fuel), electric power--about 210
million kw�hr, and thermal power--about 800,00~ Gcal.
Socialist pledges adopted by the ministry for 1978 were surpassed--by more
than 15 million kw�hr in relation to economization of electric power, and
by more than 50,000 Gcal in relation to thermal power.
Growth in the production volume of inedicines, medical equipment, and other
of the sector's products r~eans enlargement of'the demand for energy re-
sources, but as a result of implementing organizational and technical measures
and, on this basis, reducing specific consumption norms, we are enjoying a
relative savings of fuel and power.
The content of the organizational and technical measures is defined mainly
by the particular features of the production processes. In antibiotic
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production, for example, the largest consumers o� el.ectric power are the
air compressors, while fermentation and end produc~ isolation and purifi-
cation processes are the greatest consumers of ~hermal energy.
A large quar.tity of fuel, especially liquid, is consumed in glass cooking,
and so on. -
Almost two-thirds of the total demand for fuel in the sector as a whole comes
from boiler facilities used in the produation of thermal energy. This is
why fuel economy depends to a significant ex~ent on the technical level
and quality of operation of boiler units, on maintenance of the most econom-
ical working conditions, on the time and quality of equipment repairs, and
on proper organization of records on and standards of fuel consumption.
Sensible use of the produced thermal energy as well as thermal energy obtained
as a byproduct by a number of enterprises, mainly thermoelectric power pla:~ts,
i3 another very important factor of fuel economy.
Special emphasis should be laid on the fact that the best results in economi-
zation of energy resources are enjoyed as a rule by those labor collectives
in which competently organized socialist competition encourages the
collective's workers and specialists to fiqht for economical use of fuel and
power at every workplace.and in every section, shop, and production operation.
An efficient system for accounting and monitoring compliance by shops, sec-
tions, and the combine as a whole with the specific consumption norms for -
electric and thermal power, an~ for monitoring comp2iance with established
consumption limits has been organized at the Usol'ye-Sibirskoye Chemical-
Phannaceutical Combine (director--N. A. Stetsenko, senior power engineer--
V. P. Paramonov). The problems of economical and sensible expenditure of
energy resources are regularly examined by the combine's board of direc~ors,
and they are reflected in the plant press and in visual agitation. The
enterprises hold competitions for the best proposal pertaining to economi-
zation of electric and thermal power. Z'~.~~C ' 1977-1978 the combine's
efficiency experts submitted and introducF� j~rop ~ls to reconstruct ~he water
heating system, alter the lighting con s1s~en~, alter the system for
heating reagents in the alcohol rer,c.ieration process, and so on, which made
it possible to economize on hot water and electric and thermal power, and
enjoy an annual economic impact over 10,000 rubles. L;,.:lizing the exper-
ience of the Kurgan Sintez Medica. Pr~parations and Articles Combine, the
Usol'ye-Sibirskoye Combine is ce.tralizing control of power facilities and
thermal, electric, and water Gapply units, which will make it possible to
improve contr.ol over these facilities and reduce the number of maintenance
personnel. In 3 years of the lOth Five-YPar Plan the combine has saved over
1.5 million kw�hr of electric: power and 12,000 Gcal of thermal power.
The collective of the Ufa Vitamin Flant (director--M. S. Elkader, senior
power engineer--~. I. 5amoEeyev) has been active in er.onomization of ~nergy _
resources. The plant has introduced a number of proposals that have earned
prizes at all-union competitions for the best proposal for economization of
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~ox o~rzcra~ us~ orrLY
elec~ric and thermal power: Altera~ions in the fuel oil heating system,
automation of condensa~e collection, purifica~ion, and removal, and so on.
The planti collective is a perpetual participant of competitions for the
best proposal for economization of power sponsored by the (Bashkirenergo).
The plan~'s proposals have won prizes many times. Over a period of a number
of years this enterprise had been holding intraplant cocapetitive reviews for
the best measure for economization of fuel and energy resources; each shop
has a power economization assignment fo.r the year, quarter, and month; the
competition for economiza~ion of energy resources has assumed broad scope.
In 3 years of the lOth Five-Year Plan the enterprise has saved over 1.4
million kw�hr of electric power and 12,000 Gcal of thermal energy.
Compressor stations producing compressed air consume 50 percent and more of
all electric power in some of the sector's enterprises. This is why re-
ducing sper.ific consumption of electric power for compressed air production
has such great significance. Such a reduction can be achieved by ensuring '
optimum working conditions for both individual compressors and the compressor
- unit as a whole, by reducing losses of compressed air in pipelines, by making _
oprimum use of compressed ai.r and reducing losses at the points of consumptian,
and by improving the quality of compressor operation and repair.
Thus special tests were conducted at the Penza Medical Preparations Plant
(director--A. N. Polunin, senior power engineer--A. G. Funtikov) to deter-
mine ef.ficient working conditions for compressors. Schedules indicating the
sequence for starting up machine units depending upon load and productivity
were written on the basis of the obtained data; these schedules also consider
the minimum number of start-ups and shut-downs. When the cumulative load of
jointly operating compressors is relatively stable, the optimum variant of
the working conditions can be cdmposed by sensible combination of the
machine units with the goal of achieving the lowest specific consumption
of electric power.
An a3ditional air compressor of lower productivity than that of the existing
compressors has been installed at the Kiev Medical Preparations Plant
(director--I. T. Butsenko, senior power. engineer--0. A. Parfenov), which has .
made it possible to use a more flexible system for regulating production of
compress ed~ air depending upon the demand for it ir. the process shops, and
thus to economize on electric power.
Significant economization of electric power can be achieved by automating
compressor units using piston-type compressors; this makes it possible to
regulate the productivity of the machinery when consumption of compressed
air fluctuates, and to turn off some of the compressors in the event of a
sharp decline in consumption. Thus following installation of an automatic
system for regulating the working conditions of the compressor station, the
Leningrad Medical Polymers Plant (director--0. P. Nikitin, senior power
engineer--A. Ya. Saygin) enjoys an annual savings of electric power of about
32,000 kw�hr.
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Many other entezprises in the sector are also actively economizing on fuel
and electric and thermal power. The plant boards of directors, the party ~nd
trade union organizations, and the power supply services of the Novosibirsk
Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant, the Uman' Vitamin Plant, the Mozhaysk Medical
InstrumEnts Plant imeni P. V. Gusenkov, and othez enterprises are focusing
their attention on the problems of improving accounting and control of
energy resources consumption, intraplant standardization and limitation,
improvement of equipment operating conditions, publicity on the results of
economization efforts, visual aqit3tion, ~nd so on.
At the ~ame time s~me of the sector's enterprises are not completing the
planned assignments pertaining to energy resources economy.
In 1976-1978 the fuel economy assignments were failed by the Krasnodar
Biochemical and Vitamin Pre~arations Combine imeni K. Marks (director--A. I.
Solodukhin, senior po~oer engineer--V. A. 2inov'yev), the Anzhero-Sudztiensk
Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant (director--V. I. Redekop, senior power engi-
neer-- A. K. Panasenko), and some ~thers.
A number of enterprises are still respansible for cases of inefficient
consumption and losses of fuel and enercJy resources due ~o ~.ncomplete loading
of boilers and electrothermic furnaces, violations of operating schedules -
and production processes, errors in production organization, unsatisfactory
- work of condensate removal equipment and of condensate collection and
recycling systems, inadequate insulation of heat pipelines and equipment,
leakage of steam and hot water due to faulty seals, and sa on.
A significant share of the electric power is consumed inefficiently in
lighting networks. Electric lighting in the shops, sections, and other
rooms of a number of the sector's plants is not turned off during the day.
Thus an inspection made by the power marketing inspection agency at the
Olaynfarm Chemical-Pharmaceutical Production Association (general director--
I. Kh. Penke, senior power engineer--V. t"' revealed that tl:e association
was losing about 44,000 kw�hr of :Lric ~er per year due to dirty
windows and light fixtures and ineffi�le,t lighti.,?g control. In order to
eliminate inefficient consumption af elec~ric power in lighting systems,
steps must be taken to reglace uneconomical light fixtures by improved
ones characterized by a higher l~~ht production coefficient, to clean and
replace dirty windows and fixtur:s, co paint rooms, and to reconstruct
lighting circuits to permit m~~.e efficient automatic control of lighting
systems, and so on.
One of the most important elements in the use of internal reserves is the
secondary fuel and power resources, such as spent steam, co,:densate, hot
gases and other enerqy carriers. Spent steam, condensate, and hot water
are used at the Minsk Minmedpreparaty Production Association (ge�eral
director--G. P. Andreyevskiy, senior power engineer--A. L. Gladkiy) to heat
warehouses, the nursery, shower rooms, and shops, and for other purposes,
producing a significant economic impact.
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One of ~he as yet unused forms of secondary energy resourcQS in enterpri.ses
producing medical glass is hot gases Erom glass cooking furnaces, which have -
a temperature ~f 300-500�C. This heati can be used to produce steam by means
_ or" heat exchange units. Another source of secondary energy resources is heat -
lost through furnace drainage basin linings. We must utilize the experienc~
of enterprises in other industrial sectors, which are in~roducing a system of
evapora~ive cooling of the drainage basins of glass cooking furnaces, making
it possible to u~ilize this heat to produce steam.
Adequate attention is s~i11 not being devoted everywhere to the use of
secondary fuel and power resources, unfortunately. Hot water with a
temperature of about 80�C in the alcohol distillation section of the Saransk
Medical Preparations Plant (director--L. N. Krupnov, senior power engineer--
V. I. Molev) is dumped into the city sewer. Losses of heat toge~her with
spent condensate and steam are more than 5,000 Gcal per year in the Organika
Chemical-Pharmaceutical Production Association (general director--I. Ye.
Polozkov).
The ministry is devoting a great deal of attention to improving standardization,
accounting, and cont~nl of consumption of fuel and power resources. These
problems are hac~ing k 5ignificant influence on careful, economical expen-
diture of energy. r~lthough in the last 3-4 years a certain amount of work
has been done in this direction, a number of enterprises still have serious
- shortcomings requiring immediate measures for their correction.
The main criterion of the effectiveness with which energy resources are
used is the technically grounded specific consumption norms for fuel and
electric and thermal power.
Most of the sector's enterprises have developed technically substantiated
norms and are presently working with these norms. But specific norms are
not constant; they must be improved and made more precise as organizational-
technical measures are implemented in production.
Well orqanized accounting of fuel and power resource consumption combined
with standardization and control is one of the main tools of their economical
coiisumption. Intraplant standardization in relation to particular shops and
sections consumi.ng considerable quantities of power is still absent from
some of the sector's enterprisas. Nor do these enterprises es~ablish limits
for consumption of electric and thermal power, or set assignments for their
economization. Shop and section accounting instruments are absent at a
number of enterprises. Al1 of this creates conditions for lack of control in
expenditure of ~esources in individual sections. Such facts of a poor
attitude towards these problems were revealed in an inspection of the
Medical Instruments Plant imeni V. I. Lenin (director--Yu. N. Tarasov, senior
p~wer engineer--:4. A. Krutikov), the Novosibirsk Medical Preparations Plant
(director--I. T. Lazarev, senior power enqineer--V. P. Kuznetsov), and some
other plants.
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FOtt (1N'~T,CIAL U5~ UNLY
Mass organizational work aimed at eoonomizing on fuel ~.nd power resources
is being conducted poorly at enterprises such as the Poltava Medical Glass
Plant (director--K. A. Puchikhin, senior power engineer--Ya. M. Kiss), and the
Kursk Chemica:l-Pharmaceut;ical Plant (director--F. P. Vyshkv~rkin, senior
power engineer--V. K. Yarmolyuk). Commissions ~o promote sensible ixse nf
p~wer are not working satisfactorily; a socialist competition for economi-
zation of enargy resources has not been organized between shops c1Ild sections.
The colleotives of these enterprises are not participating in oblast and _
a11-union competitions for the best proposal fmr energy economization. -
Most enterprises r~ave made tests of the settings o� their boiler machine
units with the purpose of determining the optimum conditions for their
work and their efficiency. This has made it possible to improve the
working conditions of boiler facilities and reduce specific fuel cunsumption
to produce thermal energy. But operation of boiler facilities is not evexy-
where at t�he level corresponding ~o optimum working conditions, as a result
of which fuel losses exist. Conversion from steam heating to water heating
at a number of enterprises is also promoting more-economical use of available
energy resources. These projects are still to be completed in some enter-
prises, and they will be completed in accordance with the plan for 1979-
1980.
(Jntil recently the scientific organizations and enterprises have turned in-
sufficient attention to improving producti.on processes in terms of reducing
energy outlays and developing ne;a proceG~es which as a rule have not been
foreseen by the plans of organizational and technical measures aimed at
energy resource eaorion~ization. In compliance with an order of the Mi.nistry
of Medical Industry, the all-union industrial associations are obligated
_ to organize development of new production processes aimed at reducing
energy consumptian and decreasing specific consumption of energy resources,
and at introducing them into production. The order also foresees measures
for reconstructing the power systems o~ ~n*~--~rises, to include replacing
obsolete equipment, increasing the reliar i~, �f ~~ower supply, centralizing
control of power supply facilities, m~ _~~i~izir.c, . uipment, ar?d other
measures insuring sensible use of fu~l aiid power.
One of the important measures for increasing the effect:reness with which fuel
and power resources are used is trai.n the personnel, to upgrade their
qualifications. Advanced traina.~g courses will be organized in 19/9 for
enterprise senior power engilee~s and their assistants; the traininq of the
chiefs of heat and power shop~. will continue.
_ The plan for economic and social development of inedical industry in 1979 has
established assignmeiitsfor additional economization of fuel and electric and
thermal power totaling not less than 3 percent of the existing standards.
Correspondingly the ministry has made differentiated assignments to each all-
union industrial association, production (scientific-production) association,
and enterprise. It is the duty of every labor collective to join the widely
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supported socialist competition for predeadline compl~tion of the 1979 plan
and the 10th Five-Year Plan as a whole with the goal of persistPntly
fighting for sens~ble and, economic use of fuel and power resources, decisively
correcting the existing shortcomings in this importan: mattez~, and insuring
unconditional completion of the fuel and energy economization assignments
o~ 1979.
The boards of directors of the associations and enterprises and their power
supply services must work jointly with party, trade union, and homsomol
organizations to implPment the ~rganizata~nal anci technical mea.;txres itt
support oF these goals, active'y dissemS.:~a~~ ttie e::perience of the bcst
collectives,and develop the creativity of the collective as much as possible
- under the slogan "Save Fue1 and Power!"
COPYRIGHT: "Khimik:,-farmatsevticheskiy zhurnal", 1979 �
11004
CSO: 1870
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, PFIY3IOIA(}Y
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_ c
A COMI'IIRATIV~ INV~S'rIGATION OF "..'H~ LYMPH OR(~A1VS OF F~1T4 SUBJ~CT~:b ~0
WF;L(~HmL~SSNESS AND ARTIFICIAL aRAtIITATZON DURINC~ SPAC~ FLIaHm
Len3ngrad ARKHSV ANATOMtI, a:f3TOLOGII I F~iBFtI0L0(~II 3n Rusai~n No ~l, ~
i97~ pp 4i-46.
[Articl~ by G. N. Durnov~, Institute for Biom~dial Problems of the U89R
Ministry of Hee~lth, Nbscow, submitted 19 Jun 78)
[TextJ In pr~vious lnves~igations it was shoan that orie of th~ causes of
accid~n~al involution of the lymph org~ns in rats killed several hours
after termination of prolonged 3pace flights is the development of acute
stress. Morphological signs of the latter in the form of massive degen-
eration of lymphocytes in the thymus and lymph nodes and neutrophilic
infiltration of the spleen were democ~strated in a study oP the lymph organs
of rats which had been expased on the biosatellite Kosmas-7$2. Meanwhile
the etiology of acute stress in rets which have flown on biosatellites
remains unclear, and it can only be ~on~ectured that the cause of its emer-
gence is the action on the rat of a complex of factors accompanying the
landing of the biosatellite or the transition of the animals from the
weightlessness conditions to the co�aitions of terrestrial gravitation or
both together (Durnova, G. Iv., Kaplanskiy, A. 3. and Portugalov, V. V.,
1977).
The present report presents the resulta of a comparative study of the thymus,
spleen and inguinal lymph nodes o` rats which had flown on the biosatellite
Cosmos-93b, part of the animals flying under aeightlessness conditions While
the other part were sub~ected to artificial gravitetion imitating terrestrial
grevitation.
Materials and M~ethods
The tnaterial of the investigation aa~ the thyrnus, spleen and inguinal lymph
nodes c� 24 Wi~tar rats of the SPF' line Which had been exposed for 1&.5 days
on the biosatelliLe Cosmos-936. Fifteen of Lhese rats aere kept under -
weigh*,lessness conditions Lhe s+hole time, and nine aere rotated for the
entire flight on a centrifuge (acceleration 1~, orientation dorso-ventral),
ahich imitated terrestrial gravitation. The terrestrial control was the sea?e
8
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or~~n~ c~f
20 rat~ from th~ mc~de~ exper~m~nt, ~tl W~I~C11 EL~.L tih~ c~nc.~~.i;~.on~
of ~p~c~ ~1.ight wer~ reproduaed wlth th~ e:ccept~on of w~~.ght~~s3n~ss, ~nd
15 int~Gt rat~ which wer~ kept during -~he exp~t~im~nt 3.n a vivarium (a
de~:ail~d d3stir3.bution rats by group 3s pr~sent~d ~.n th~ ~c~U1e),
M~ter3ul. ~'or the investiga~~on a~s t~ken 4.~-].3 hourg and ~y days after
termination of th~ sp~ae ~nd terr~str. iaZ ~xp~r~.ments. Tlie lymptt or~~ns
were weighecl, f
ixed in Carnoy't~ ~'luid, and embedded in paraf'f'in. Sections
of th~ th~nnus, spleen and l;~nph r;~des were gtained w3th hemotoxy~.ineogin,
methyl, gr~en-pyron3n~ and picxofur,hsin, ~nfl, Sn addit~lon, iron was demon-
str~ted ~.n th~ spleen se~tions by Perls' m~~hod. 7'h~ figures w~r~ statir;-
~ica~~y an~ly2ed, and the diff~r~n~es in the resu].ts obtained were consid-
ered reli~bl~ ~t~ C0,0~.
Results and Discussion
~he data present~d in the table indic~~te th~t in the rata which were sub-
~ected to weightle$sn~~s during the spa~e P13ght we observed u atatisti-
call;~ rel.iable decrease in the re~ative muss ot th~ tli,ymus ~.nd ~i dis~,iricL
tendency to decrease in the relat3ve mi~ss of the spl~.:en und lymph nodes tn
comparison with animals which were sub~ected duric~g the space flight to
artificia]. gravitati~n. An analogous pi~ttern was noted ~or~en comparin~ the
ma3s of the ].ymph organs of the r~ts sut~jected to weightlessn~ss wfth thut
of thp ar.imals from th~ t~rrAstrial model experiment. Reliable difference~
were not dcmonstrAted between the weight; of the lymph organc of the rc?t:;
sub~ected to artificial grav~tatian durin~; the spaee 1'light And thos~ of
the rats frnm the terrestrial model experi~nent.
In comparison with the intact animals, the mas~ of the lymph organ~ in rats
from the terrestrial model experiment did not change. At the same time, a
reliable decrease in the relative wei~ht of the th,ymus was observed in rats
from the terrestrial model experiment which h~d revolved in ;,he centrifuge
(acceleration 1.4 g), '
Histolo~ical inve~tigutinn of the t.t: ..~u., soieen and lymph nodes of rats
subjected to weightlessness anc k:~..c~~ 4.5-13 hours af'er ter~nination of
the space flight demonstrated free-lying nuclear ~e~r;'us and macrophages
with pha~ocyti2ed remains of thc nucle~ of lymphocytea ::n the cortical
substance of the Lhymus, the pN rsfoilic~tle.r zone of the lymph nodes and the
thiCkness of the splenic lyr^ph iollicies (fig la, 3u). 2'he massive degen-
eration of l,ymphoc;rtes was c;; strongly pronounced in the cortical substancc
of the ~n;~rmus. In the ly:r.Fr~ nodes, macropha~;es with pha~oc;/tized nuclear
detritus were found not only in the para�ollicular re~ion of the ~:ortical
substance but also in the luaaen of the sinusea.
9
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