JPRS ID: 8260 TRANSLATIONS ON USSR MILITARY AFFAIRS CIVIL DEFENSE AT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES

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2~'E6RUARY i979 CFOUO 4179~ i OF i
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- ,7F'RS L/8260
2 i'ebruary L979
~
TRANSLATIONS ON USSR MILITARY AFFAIRS
(FOUO 4/79)
CIVIL DEFENSE AT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES
~ U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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UIULIOGkAF'NIC DATA ~~~'P~~~~ N~~� 2~ J. Necipicnt'+ Accc+Riun Nu, i
- SNEET .iNE~S I~/8260
u ~in~~ ~i u
S. eport ate
7'ItANSLA'l'LUNS UN U55k MIL17'~IIY A1~I~A[k5, (FOUO 9/79) 2 Februar 1979
6~
fvil Defense a~j;Agricultural Production Facilitie~a
7~ Au~hur(~) r 8~ Per(utming (k~~nizetion Repc,
No.
D~ ('eNwnting OrRaniza~ion Name and Addreaa 10, Projert/Task/Wotk Unit No.
JoinC P~iblicationa Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road 11. Contnct/Gr~nt No.
ArlingCOn, Virginia 22201
12~ Spon+orinp Org~nixation N~me ~nd Addree~ 13~ Type of Report M Petiod
Coveted
Aa above
tI~
iS~ Supplementery Noeee '
ia, nn,�.r~.
'Cl~e reporc contains inEormation on the Soviet military and civil defense _
establisliments, leadership, doctr.ine, policy, planninR, political affairs, _
organization, and equipment.
17. Kcy Wnrds ~nd Document Analy~ii. 17a. De~criptors
- USSk
- Military Organizations ~
Military Facilities
Military Personnel
i76. I,I~�u~ilu�i~lOp~�n-t~.nJ~�J Te~ms
17~. ~~~~A 1 1 P i~� Id/(.r~~ul~ l~j(.
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r�
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P~UN L S FIED
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JPR5 L/8260
2 February ~979 _
- '~TRAPdSlATIONS ON USSR "lI LITARY AFFAI RS
(FOUO 4/7'9)
- CIVIL DEFENSE AT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES
CONTENTS PAGE
- Excerpts From Bonk cn Civil Def~~nae at Agricultural Installations
(N. I. A.kimov, V. G. Il~in; GRAZ~IDANSKAYA OBORONA NA -
OB' YEICPAHIi SII,~ SKOHIiOZYAYSTVENNOGO PROIZVODSTVA, 1978) 1
- a - [III - U~SR - 4 FOUOJ
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.
EXC~RPTS FROM BOOK ON CIVIL DEFENSE AT AGRICULTURAL INSTALLATIONS
_ Moscow GRAZHDANSKAYA OBORONA NA OB'YEKTAKH SEL'SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNOGO
PROI2VODSTVA in Ru9aian 1978 pp 1-4~ 12-19, 81-84, 100~110, 322~325,
328-335
(Book by N. I. Akimov and V. G. I1'in]
[Excerpts] Title Page:
Title: GRAZHDANSKAXA OBORONA NA OB'YEKTAKH SET~'~ ~
- SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNOGO PR~I2VODSTVA (Civil Defense
at Agricultural Production Facilitiea) (Second
Revised and Expanded Edition)
Publiaher: Izdatel'stvo "Kolos"
Place and year of publication: Moscow, 197$ -
Signed to Press Date: 13 October 1977
Number of Copies Published: 200,000
Number of Pages: 33S
Information on Authors:
V. C. I1'in wrote chapters 2, 7(except for the factor., influencing
wark c~ability at facilities and the basic measures for increasing
work atabtlity at facilities), 8, 9 and 11 of this book; A. M.
Antropov and V. G. Kharin wrote chapter 12; N. I. Aktmov wrote the
res t .
Krief De4cription:
ThiQ textbook examines: CD tasks and organization at agricultural
facilities; chemical, biological and radiation detectors and dosimeters;
the facility CD plan; organizing and conducting rescue and emergency
- restoration work c~ithin the territory of an agricultural facility and
also at a contaminated urban facility; and other issues.
1
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Tnble oE ContenCs
IntrUduceion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chupt~r 1. Civil Uefense Tupka and Organizaeionul SCructure
for an AgricuLturnl I'acility . . . , � . � . . � . � ~ ~ � ~ ~ � 5
1. The Cnpilali:;t States' We~pons oE Mass bestruction
and a Bri~~ Description of Thero . . . . . . . . � � � � � � � 5
2. The Foreign States' Mears for DEtivering Weapona uf ;
Maes De~truction to Ob~ecCives (Tar~ets) ~ . . . . . . . . . 8
3. Civil Defense Taeka . . . . . . . � � � � . � � � � ~ � � ~ � 12
4. Civil Defense Organizational. StrucCure . . . . . . . � . � � ~8
Chnpter 2. The Cffect o~ W^:~~ons ot Masa Destruction on
Agricultural F~cilities . . , . . . . . . . . � � � � � � � � . � 22
. 1. Nuclear Weapons Effecta on Agricultural Facilities 2Z -
2. RadioacCive Polltition (Contamination) of the Terrs~tn 2~
3. The Effect of the Products of a Nuclear Explosion on
People and Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3~
4. The Effect of the Products of a Nuclear Explosicn on
P1anCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 _
5. Contamination of FiQh Life by Radioactive Subatances 38
6. Contamination of Food, Feed and WaCer hy Radioactive
Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7. Chemical Weapons Effects on People and Animals 41
8. Contamination of Terrain, Buildings, Food~ Feed and
Water by Poisonous Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chemical Agents Designed to Destroy Agricultural Crops 48
10. Rioloqical Warfare Agents Effects on People and Animals 52
11. Contamination of Food, Feed and Water by Disease-
Carry~.ng Microorganisms and Toxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 '
- 12. Biological Warfare Agents Effects on Plants . . . . . . . . . 55
Chapter 3. Radiation and Chemical DetecCors and Devices for
Monitoring Radioactive Contamination and Irradiation 60
1. Types of Radioactive Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2. Units of Meas~rement for Radioactive Radiation 62
3. Purpose, Operating Principle and Design of Doeimeters 64
~ Purpose and Basic Performance Data for the DP-5B and
~ the DP-SA Instrument4 . . ~ . . . . . . . . . � . . . . . . 66
Purpose and Basic Performance Data for Individual Dosi-
meter Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4. Chemical Reconnaissance Kits . . . . . . . . . � � � � � � � 73 -
5. Devices for Detecting Ru4t Spores and Phytophthora
Spores in the Atmosphere nnd on Crops . . . . . . . . . . � � 78
6. Storing Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Chapter 4. Protectin~ the Papulation Against Weapona of Mass
Destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
1. Protective Civil Defense Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2 -
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Shel~erp . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . , . . . , ~ . . . 81 -
Rnclintioi~ Sliel rer~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
, 'l. Isiilrp ~c~r UHin~; Civil DeFenHE~ 1'c~L�ective atructurer~ 98
, 3. Die{~ersal and Evac~ation of the I'opulation . . . . . . . . . 100
Reception and Lodging o~ People Involved in Diapera~l
nnd Evacuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . , . . . 107
4. Individual Means o� Protection . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . ~ . 110
5. Procedures for Using the Individual Ftrst Aid Kit and the
Individual Antigas Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
~ Chapter 5. Actions of the PopulaCinn Under Che Threat of an Enemy
Attnck and in Response to Civil Defense Alerts 125
1. Ac~iona of the Population Under the Threat of an Enemy
Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 .
2. Civil De�ense Alerte and Actions of the Population 131
ChapCer 6. AdapCing and Using Agricultural EquipmenC for Civil
Defense Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
l. Using Agricultural Machinery and Tools to Decontaminate
- the Terrain, Buildings, SCrucCures, Facilities and
Equipment and to ProCect PLant Life . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
_ 2. Employing AgriculCural Aircrafk to Protect Plant Life 149
3. Equipment Employed to Protect Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4. Adapting and Using Tractors, Excavators, Land Reclamation
Machinery and Load-Handling Equipment to Mechanize Rescue
and Emergency Restoration Work . . . . . � � � . . . 155
5. Saf.ety Measures When Using Agricultural and Specialized
Equipment for Decontamination Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . 156 -
Chapter 7. Work Stability of. Agricultural Facilities in Wartime 159
" 1. Factors Influencing Work Stability at Facilities 159
2. Basic Measures for Increasing Work Stability at Facilities. . 160
3. Protecting Animals Against Weapons of Mass Destruction 166
CD Measures to Eliminate the Aftereffects of the
Enemy's Emplayment of Weapons of Mass Destruction on _
Livestock Farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Measur~s in 7.ones of Radioactive Contamination 173 -
Measures in ,a Center of Chemical Contamination 175
i3asic Measures ~`.o F.liminate a Center of Biological
Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Veterinary Treatment of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 . -
Decontaminating Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?84
Decontaminating the Territory of L~vestock Farms and
Livestock Fac:iliti~s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Rendering Medical Assistance and Preventive Medical
Assistance to Contaminated Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Procedures for Slaughtering and Conductin~ a Veterinary .
Me~ical Cxamination of the Meat of Animals Sub~ected to
the Effects of Weapons of Mass Destruction 189
3 -
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ro~ c~rrt~~n?. USL ONi,Y
' Q. ProCecCing Plnnts Aggi.nRt Weapon4 0� Mass DeaCrucCion 192
CD Menpurc~ When Pl~n`q ~~e CdnrAminated by Bi~logicc~l 193 _
CU Measures When I'1
195
Agent~ . . . . . . . . . ~ . . , . ~ . . . . . ~ . ~ . . . . .
CD Meagurea Wh^n Pl~nta are ConCamin~Cecl by R~dio~cCive
197
Sub~tance~ . ~ � � ~ � � ~ � � ' ' ' '
CD Meaeurea for Keducing Crop Losees and Surface
Contamingtion ot Agriculeural. Praducts by RadioacCive
Subatances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 ~
5. runducCing Agricultural Producttnn on Land wiCh an Increased
Strontium-90 Contfo~ ~`~~cing.the,Entry�of SCronrium-90� ~ ~ ' 201
Basic Measures _
into Plants grn'~onhLandiwiCh an.Increased�Level�of Radio-� ~ 2~2 ,
Fped Productio . . , 206
acetvity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
reeding AgriculCural Animals in 'Lones with an Increased -
Level of RadioacTimber in~an Area�with an�Increased�Level� � 208 _
- 6. Using and Growing . 210
of RadioactiviCy . . . . . . � ~ � � � � � ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ~ ~
7. Protecting and Decontaminating Food. Feed, Water and
. . . . 212
Sources of Water . . . � � � � � � � � ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' .
Decontaminating Food, Feed and Water. Under Kolkhoz and . 215
. . . .
Sovkhoz Condition4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �
g. Quick Methods for Detecting Radioactive Substances~ . 218
- Hert~~cides and Biological Agents in Food, Feed and WaCer
. 2 24
Chaptnr 8. The Civil Defense Plan for an Agricultural Facility 224 .
1. Purpose of the Civil Defense Plan 225
2~ Basic,RInitialeDatafRequiredito1DevelopeCivil Defense� .
3. , . . . . . . . . 226
Plans . . . . . � . . . . . � .
4. Procedures for Developing, Approving and Correcting the 228
. . . . . . . . .
Civil Defense Plan . . � . � � � � ' , . . 22q
5. Civil Defense Plan Documents and endices~ofethe CD Plan. 233
Brief Contents of the Basic App
Ctiapter 9. Methods for Evaluating the Radiation�Situation Based 236
. . . . . . . . . . .
- on Reconnaiasance Data . � � � �
1. Determining Zones of Contamination Based on the Known. 236
Level of Radiation . � ' ' ' ' ' '
_ 2. Determining the DosaaeinfContaminatedeZonesdand While and
Animals While Locate . 2gg
. . . . . . . . .
Traversing Such Zones � � � � � '
3. Determining the Permissible�Time for Remaining in a
Contaminated Zone Based on the Known Level of Radiation 24
4. Determinine~tZoneewithSabGivenmDosageBofiRadiationkand g
Contaminat , , 242
Determining the Duration of Work . . . . . . . . . � � � � _
4
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5. DeCermining tihe Conta~oination o� Grass ~,n Pastuxea~
Grain, Local Food und HorizonCal 5urfaces hy Radio�- ~
ac C3ve 5ubs tances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ . ~ , , 24G
~ 6. Eecu~,mating Agricultural Crop Losses . . . . . . . ~ , . ~ ~ 245
~ 7. Determining the Number o~ Shifts for Conduceing Rescue
- Work Bnsed on the Radiation Situation Which Has Developed ~
at rhe raciliey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . , . 245 =
8. Determining Work Conditiona for Kolklioz Plorkers, Workera
and Employees in an Area of RadioacCive Contamination 248
ChapCer 10. Organizing and Conducting Reacue and Emergency Reatoration
- Work . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ . . . 252 -
1. ~rqanizing Rescue and Emergency ResCoration Plork 256
2. Work ~f the Staff and Services in Preparing Data for the -
Facility CD Chief to Make a Dec:ision on the ConducC of
Rescue Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . 257 _
3. Conducting Rescue Work at an A~ricultural Facility 260
4. Rendering Asaistance to an Urb~n Facility in Carrying
- Out Rescue Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
S. Relieving CD Formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . 279
- Chapter 11. Fighting Fires and Other N~tural Disasters in Rural
~ Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
1. rightinp, Fire: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 -
. . . . . .
Firefighting Safety Equipmen~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
2. Rescue and Emergency ResCoration Work When Cleaning Up
Af ter an Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 -
3. Rescue Work During Catastrophic Inundatiuns (Fl~ods) 292
- 4. Rescue and Emergency Restoratian Work During Hurricanes 293
5. Rescue Work During Torrential Downpours~ Landslides~ Snow-
slides and Snow Drif ts . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 2g4
6. SupporCing the Actions of CD Formations in Cleaning Up after
~ Natural Disasters and Their Aftereffects. . . . . . . . . . . 295
Chapter 12. Political Indoctrination Work with CD Formation Personnel
~ in a Combat Sttuation and While Cleaning Up After Natural
Disasters. Moral, Political and Psychological Training is an -
Integral Part of the Tt�sin3ng for Civil Defense Forces and the
Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
~ ~ 1. The Organization, Tasks and Content of Political Indoctrin-
ation Work with CD Formation Personnel in a Combat
Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
2. SPeciul Features of Political Indoctrination Work in CD
Formations During Exercises and Whil~~ Cleaning Up After
Natural Disasters and Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
3. Moral, Political and Psychological Training is an Important,
Integral Part of the Training and Indoctrination for Personnel
of Civil Defense Non-:lilitarized Formations . . . . . . . . . 306
5
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i -
roit c~i~rrr,inr, ust: ~Nt,Y
Chnpter 13. Civtl. De~ensr. Trainin~ f.or the ~op~~lation of nn 3L2
- Argicu2tur~1 TFiciltry . . . . . . . . . . . . . � . . . � . . � � .
1. Organir.in~ nnd Ptannin
w co ~ A~-1 u cti c~
'L7 CJ H CS 1J aJ Gl
. ~ ~ M ~f 3 ~s N O1 RI
.14 ~ ri ~
r 7t -T 0~1 ~ C'.. IJ O Cl ~C tlf ~ O~ 1a U
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tl ~ ^ x t , z- ~ cd ~ Gl 'L7 ~ 7 C~ GI tS3
N F Q 3 M~~~ f~. p ~ y 3+ ~r-1 C 3+ T1 61 O F+
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ax
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M'dlt UN'f~'t C t AL U;+L (1NLY
lt ia r~~dmmended lhnt the trainin~ poinC be ~et up it~ premige~ Convenient
Eor conducting ~inggpg' g~meiother guit~ble~gtructuren ~It~igmrecommend~d th~t
redi~tinn shelter or in g
di~plny gtand~ Ue get up there for the following maitt gectiongt "The Armed
~dre~g of the USSR";"Civil befense 'Caek~ gnd Orggnizgtionnl 5tructure";
- "Party~politicgl Wnrk"; "~'rn;:ecting Che populaeion"; "proCei~inpr~ucte~Ck
and Animal Hu~bnndry Pti~~du~Cg ~ prdCecting~~CroAcGid~ To~Ile T~k~n by the
"'Ttte Operationnl 5Cnbility of Ingtallations , The
population at Civi1 U~fQn~e 5ignalg"; "Combat Tr~ining" ~nd others~
tr~ining p~int ehould b~ provided with the necesggry quglity of individual
protective equipment, instrum~nCg, deu;deb~ ~n~adequ~te quantitylofrallithi~
equipmenk and other items. There gho
equipment for at least gn entire group to engage in praceical eraining at
one time.
It ig expedient to get up an open ar~a not far from the training point fdr
the practical rraining of civii d~fenge formationg gnd ihe meeting of th~
appropri~te standards by the traineea. it is ~ good idea to coriCentrate in
this area the equipment used Eor protecting the population, 1i.vegtock ~tnd
crops~ as well as th~t used fvariousnfertilizergf~instrumentedandtgear~.pply
sources; toxic chemicals and
The creation of a proper training materials base will make it possible to
conduct theoretical an~d the required pr~ctical combat tr~inin~ for civil
defenae formationg and dictated b~lcontamporatiy~requiremen ~kera and
emplcyees on the level Y
32
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100020005-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100024405-3
ro?t n~~icini. us~ ~NLY
Key to Addendum 2:
1, Pnpulation o~ Che U55it 19~ Under er~ining programg �or para~
2. DireCti.np civil defenge peroonnel miliCary formaeions
3~ per~onn~1. o~ p~ramilitary civil 20. Under Che program �or eraining
defense formation~ paramiliCary formaCions
4, Workers, employee~ and kolkhoz 21. Civil defense exerci.ses
workere who are not membera of 22. Ninth-grade atudents of second-
paramilieary formgtion~ ary general educaCion schools
5, CiCiz~ng nor ~mplnyed in prc~- 23. Seudents of vocational and
duction or the ~~rvice field technical ~chools
6. Studenes ~4. 5Cudente of eecondary epecialized
7. Cammanderg gnd ~hi~fs education~l insCiCutiona
8. Rank and file 25. Headquarters exerciaes
9. 5~cond~grade gtudenCs 26. Special tactical exerciae�� for
lU. Fifth~grade students paramilitary formatione
11. Officer training, training meehode 27. They may be involved in civil
asgemblies, training in civil defenae exercisea at the deci-
defense courses and at ~dv~nced aion of the appropriate civil
Craining institutions defense chiefa
12~ Trnining direcCly at an installa- 28. Comprehenaive, installation-wide
tion of the naeional economy civil defenae exercises, involv-
13. Independent sCudy of Che mandatory ing the following: installation
minimal skills in protection di.rectore, commanders and chiefa; -
a~ainst weapona of masa destruction. the ineCallation's civil defenae
Practical classes and drills headquartere; the installation's
- arranged by the civil defense civil defenae aervices; the maxi-
- agencies of cities, settlemenCe, mum number of civil defense for-
and rural communiCiea and the mations; workera, employeea and
meeting of standards. Mass infor- kolkhoz workera who are not
mation and propaganda media (movies, membera of civil defenae forma- -
television, radio and ao forth) are tions; students and the population
used for more Chorough study of noC employed in produc~ion or
methods of protection against modern the sercice f ield (of a settle-
- weapons, ment, city or other residential
14. F'ourth- and eighth-grade students area belonging Co the installation)
pnrticipate in the "zarnitsa" mili- 29. In-addition, girls training as
t.hry sporta games, in drills, compe- members of volunteer medical
ticion and other civil defense teams
measures and activiCies for military- 30. Ninth- and tenth-grade students
paCriotic indocCrination, which are of vocational and technical _
conducted at the schools~ at Pioneer schools and tekhnikums take
camps and other establishmenCs out- part in the "Orlenok" military
side the schools sports game
15. Ceneral training 31. WZ students. Female students
16. Training under the program of uni- of WZ's in the humanities train
versal mandatory minimal knowledge under the program for the train-
for the population in protection ing of nurses for civil defense _
against weapons of mass destruction
17. Special training
18. Under specially developed programe
35
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100020005-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100024405-3
COk O~I~'ICIAL US~ ONLY
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36
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ,
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100020005-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100024405-3
~Ott OF~cICIAL U5~ ONLY
(C~ntinu,~tiot~ of K~y to Addendum 3)
72, Special tr~ining E~r [orm~tion~
23. 5pecigl tgCtical ~x~r~i~~~ f~r fdrmatidns
24. ~tec~dqugrterg ~xercie~g nt an agriculturgl in~tgll~tion (for May) ~
25. Comprehensive instellntion-wide civil def~nge exeratge~
26. Civil defett~e activitieg conducted ar pioneer c~mps by perennnel ~f
naCional economic inat~llgtions and civil defen~e courgeg
COI'YttIGHTs Izdntel'srvo "kolos," 1978
9001
CSO: 1801 EPtD -
37
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100020005-3