INFORMATION ON PRIMORSKIY KRAY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R014300010008-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 31, 2011
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: October 24, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
rvnnn nv. 51-~4AA
FEB 1952
CLASSIFICATION SECRET
SECURITY INFORMATION
INFORMATION REPORT REPORT
CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR (Primorskiy Kray)
SUBJECT Information on Primorskiy Kray
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE E
ACQUIR
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE.
OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE 18, SECTIONS 793
AND 794. OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REVE-
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
ARMY # I X
DATE DISTR.
NO, OF PAGES 1
NO. OF ENCLS. 1 (23 pages)
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO 50X1-HUM
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATIOII50X1-HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
SECRET
AFFMIX 'B'
I MRMATTON ON PRIMORSKY RRAY
Il
1. Introduction
2. Terrain
3. Rivers
11.. Vegetation and agriculture
5. Climate
6. Industry
7.. Railways
8. Roads
9. Population
10. Military administration and defence belts
11. CivJIan aaminlstration
12. Living conditions of military yO=onn
13 Living conditions of aiVt13.ann
14.. Attitude towards wax`
15. .Attitude tcvrards Soviet propaganda
16. Religion_
17. Anti-semitism..
ET
1 introduction
The information in this Appendix concerns that part of PRIMORSKY
KAY contained in - the, area. botwoeft the wu4huIriw* bo er and the western
shores -of Islas XHAAIKA.
Te n
The area desoribed . is hilly country, much of it still. covered
with dense almost impenetrable primeval deoiducus.and coniferous forests.
The bills attain heights of up to 600 metres though the average height is
approx 100 - 150 m+stres above.sea level. The rock formation is grey
stratified' sandstone.. -
The countryside is intorseated.by numerous river valleys which
on their JxPW ground are meshy and swampy .ma1d.rg access to the rivers
'themselves often impossible.
Towards Ulm KIWIKA the terrain beco s more flat and alaAg"
into marshy meadows.
Rivets
..The largest of the numerous rivers and streams are t48 MO,
TAK YAM and LEFU which flow into .eke i HAtflA.
/)lost of ..
? E 0R E !T
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S E C R E T
_B2..
Most of the rivers have marshy bank., and overflaw in the suring
and especially during the heavy autumn rains.
The TAXHLYASH is slaw moving,'at its deepest 5 metres and itis
widest breadth 10 i 15 metres.
There are few bridges, mostly the rivers are forded and present
ittle obstacle: Stone bridges cross the river on most main roads aril
-iron bridges over the railway lines.
freeze up:
deep.
In winter (December to-mid March) the rivers and lake XHANKA
Lakes KHANKA, a salt water'. lake; is, not more than 10 -= 15 metres
Generally the rivers are used for the disposal of refuse.
1 Vegetation and A&E iculture
vegetation is abundant.-and- among- the.dediduous trees lime and
oak are most prevalent, -bu.t,also maple, beech, ash, aspen, poplar,-, birch
and cork oak are seen.
The coniferous..trees compri:se.pine, spruce, fir, yew and on the
higher slopes also cedar. Forestry is'little practioed.
In the collective farms the main crops are wheat, oats, soya
bwyans, root crops, sugar beet, potatoes and other vegetables, in that
order.
In the lowlands towards lake KHANKA, much'.rice is also cultivated.
Large.areas are meadows which produce good crops of hay.
In the lake 10 ANKA area there: are:. many fishery kolkhoei.
A fair proportion of the collective, fauns are cattle farms,
out there are also sheep and pig farms.
There are very few horses in the area. Most of the agricultural
.-cork is done by tractors, of which there is a -sufficient number.
The absence of sufficient"' natural nia~o makes itself felt in
:l L,ninishing yields, as no ':improvement of the-soil by artificial fertilizers
is undertaken or is boycotted by the obstinacy and laziness'of'the farm
%V rkers.
The irotr of planning is. reflected in-the failure of harvesting
the grain crop. The sowing of grain 'is fulfilled according to plan.
HHo ver, the planted area :Ls too big to be harvested in time due mainly
the absence of suitable harvesting machi biz, which cannot cope with
the kiarvest in the limited time b?ford the autumn rains set in. In
consequence every year much grain is lost, despite the fulfilment of
t;w sowing plan and although the schoolchildren are directed to harvest
vark.
in the area east of lake KRA1 KL there is more farmland' and
there are more kolkhozi.
/5. Olimato .
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S C R E T
,. B3 -
Clime e
On the average ,,ths.area has a moderate climatO, being protected
in the West by the mountain ranges of CHANG W ANSI and -the adjoining high-
land and in the east by. the SIEHOTEAL)TT range.
The.winter starts . late and lasts from-December to March.- The
average-temperatures are 25? F although temperatures of 400 below zero have
been; innbwn when the north winds have. swept over the plains of lake KHA NKA.
February is the coldest month. Most. rivers and lake IgAMKL freeze up, but
there is little snowfall. There are no 'spring floods.
Early 6p ing is dxy, sowing starts' towards, and of March, May and
June have a fair amount of rain, July is hot ant dry. 19tf.7 was a year of
famine when, due to.prolongt?d absence of'rain in the-area,there were no
crops, whatsoever.
In August however there are torrential rains, lasting 20.minutes?
each day, which destroy the grain crops if still left in the fields. These
August rains cause heavy floods each year. 1950 was a particularly bad .
.Year *hen. almost the whole area from IMAN to VLADIVOSTOK was inundated.,
disorganising the whole transport network and doing a lot of 7. damage. The
town. of, VOROSHILOV suffered particularly
The autumn is dry and: warm and lasts into November,. by which time
the soya crop is stile harvested., though often-has-to remain over the
winter because it does not ripen. 50X1-HUM
Industry
In SPASSK are large cement works:, in VOROSHILOV the MLKOLAN.oil mill
Kombinat, tanneries and-a Dirge modern shoe factory, which was transferred
from China p,ftor the last war.
Coal mining is the main industry in'this area, followed by
logging. There are large coalfields which are, being developed and whose
output is ever=.increasing since the end. of the:last war.
infla m ble', of high calorific value 'and leaving a large per
centagejof grey ash.
boat quality lignite of grey steel-like appearance,
h
The LIPOVTSI . coalfield produces
(b) VOROSHILOVSKY ooalf ie lds producing a .brawn - coal which is
regarded. as of Inferior quality and which mist be no wet
before - using.
(0)
(d)
(a)
ARTEMOVSKY coalfields, north of VLADIVOSTOK, producing
-brown coal.
TAVRICHANSKY coalfield.
SUCHAISKY coalfields,.. 60 miles east of VLADIVOSTOK, which
.produce anthracite afid other good quality :ooai.
SECRET
/7. paikm ...
i"
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
SECRET
-B, -
Railways
The main MUSC0Wt VLADIV0S!j 0K line dominates the railway network
of this area. This. line is double tracked. All stations have sufficient
sidings to allow unhiride:red through traffic. Goods traffic is heavy and
the permanent way is well maintained.
"inee.
The railway network .s continually enlargeel by building bran&
The railway junction of GRCDEKOVO is partioular]y enlargod. In
1949 there were :7 sidings, in Aug 51 there were 22 .and tho wbrk.~of
expansion was still going on
When the extension of the railway junction started in early 1951,
it was 'planned to have ii completed in..two years; however, now the work :is
urged on day and night and will be completed by Nov 52.
A similar Junction is being built at the station BARANO-
ORENBUIZGSKOYE.
particularly heavy goods traffic in GRODEkOV0
in Aug 51, Military supplies and, equipment, oil, coal, arA coke going to
China and, railway sleepers, logo and soya beans coming. from. China. At
present GRCDEKOVO is the main transit border station for leave personnel
of .'the KWANTUNG arn}y.
There were rumours than the railway line to KWAHTUNC. inside
China was to be serviced by Russian troops. It is also'interAed to have
the direct railwaly line from CHITA to KIYA14TUNG completed and in use by
the middle of 1952.
the railway tracks inside China
are now either Sian gauge or have. a third rail as no change-over is made
on Soviet territory.
military.
At present mein, railway traffic over GRCDEKOVO.station is
Railway locomotives used on the trains passing through GRCDEKOV0
are SU type, all of which. are coal-fired; usually 2 locomotives pull trains
of 60 - 70 wagons.
During the war the = type locomotive was also used.
The network of roads between localities where military units were
stationed was good.
I pitaL pe
the following roadsu"first olass"
VOROSHILOV - GRCDEKOVO
VOROSEIILOV - POLTAVKA
VOROSEIILOV - UGOINAYA - KRA$KENA
VOROSHILOV - KA%iT RYBOLOV
VOROSHILOV - KH& AROVSK
GRt1DEKOV0 - KOIM[SU ARM;
GR(MEKOVO - I{HOROL SPASSK
/VORO&IILOV - ...
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
SEA C RL,T
- 5 -
VOROSHIT,OV - OSD OVKA - I TAKOVKA ANUCHINO -
CI~`JGJYr;v ul - SOCi?A.N
AIMISOVKA '- NOVOSOSEYE iKA. - YAKOVLEVKA -- SPASSK
SPASSK - CHUGUY2V:r.A,
VI~ADIVTOSTOK - SUC1:D3
SITCHAIT - ": L AKHODKA
1cAJ H0DKA - SHKOTOVO
VLDIhaRO AL-D,K3.PMROVSK - UItiASHI CHUGU EVKA.
VI:^;DThIRO A Ii[ 3PJ J .OVSK - SOitCLOVKA - OI,CA..
The wi::it' i of the surfaced road was 10 12 metres.
.
there were no vex--,,es
The sup _'?co was gravel on a.-stone . base enabling rains to seep
away, thus making the roads j s sa - le in all weathers. The rods were
cambered and ther3 were ditches, at the. szdes?but no precise information
was available. Ir_,,.ds were well maintained by local road maintenance units.
The ro: .s were used. almost oxeliisively by mi..u-tary traffic,
including tanks.
Population
The grater part of e por..ulation in the s area are military,
reeruite , from thq Far Easi;e".n ovi .c o . They, are mainly Russians, with
a negligible addition of nationa . mInord.ty groups.
There are in the less accessible parts certain tribes, viz
NAluAITSY and OUDEGKITSY who are rogari.od by the rest of the population
as people apart with their olrri p?oul .aLr customs and -little bothered by
the Government. They are the or -gina . fur hunters, and prospectors for
gold and precious stones who ' live very primitivoJ. r.
Their produce is bought from them in the hunters' trade union
offices for bonds which they are entitled to exchange for goods in special
shops,'where goods are priced:-on a gold standard rate. Shops-are found in
the villages of GOROEYEVKt, '_,'MVO-MOSKV4, AIEiSEYEWA".and others.
There are now no Chines, in the PRI O SKY i AY but up. to 1938
they amounted to :iearly half of the local. population. By 193 they were
all resettled, mostly in K&ZAI'>r-ISTA1T.
New settlers are introduced from European Russia and settled on
the kolkhozi. Betroen 191+8.50 500 families were thus brought over. They
were given sums of money from a special government fund, also better
initial food supplies. The condition was that they had to.stay in the Far
Eastern region for. at least 2 yearn.
The majority had decided. that conditions in the Far. East, were
better than-in the areas from which they had been brought and now it was
intended to enlarge this scheme.
Almost 50;5 of.the' troops serving in the Par Eastern region
decide after demobilization to settle there, marry locally or bring their
families to live there.
/10. Military ...
S E C R E T
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S E C R E T
-B6_
Military administration and defence belts
The Far Eaat of the USSR is divided into 3 Military Districts;
viz ZABAIKAL, FAR EASTEI.RI and eRIMO...SK.Y
The C in C Far East, Marshal MALINOVSKI, has his HQ in !HABAIROVSK.
The PRTMORESKY Military District (iiQ. at. VOROSHI: V) , oorres-x,nair,r,
eographioally with FRIPMORSKY region, has 4 armies deplcyed In its terr .tor. %
viz Fifth Army (HQ at SPASSMC), Twentyfifth Arrr r (HQ- at. SUCH &), First A4?riq
(HQ at BLAGOVEsHaw K) and. 1 Arv -(HQ at iviAjdmm-G).
Lower formations of the Fifth Aran are the LXV Corp: with H Q ir.
WRODEKOV0,.and XVII"Corps with HQ in SHKOT0VO.
Subordinate to LXV Corps is the 22 Airborrje Inf Division, the
187 Inf Div (now stationed on the INAKHC&)KA peninsula), the 17 and 18 Inf
Div (IQ in -LESAZAVCDSK)..
Directly subordinate to the Commander of Dofenoe Belts at. the HQ
ZIMORSIZ-7 Military District, exoept for military training and operatiot r
which were directed by LXV Corps were the 9 Indop M, Di*JAion (HQ at
Q.I!QDEKOVO) and 10 Indep MG Division (Ii+Q at =?STA!-':TINOVU).
The 9 Indep DICE Division was Undo up of three Indop IV, Ibogts, viv..
25, 27 and 29, one .Iad Tank and SP Regt, the 1116 Hy How Rag's Lidep Signals
Bn, Engineer Bh, AA Bn and. 1 Bn.
Over the said district are alto deployed units of 9 Air Army with
HQ in. VC VIZBEKKA. the airfields seen 50X1-HUM
in this area were all surfaced with a special ass' which dial. not grow
higher than 8". It was called American Pyrei grass
Pyroi) and .as
a kind of oats (Bezkhvostny ovyos).
A. further sub-division of the PRIMORSIC? Military District is into
Defence Belt Districts of which Informarit . knows: j
(a)
RIIASANSIcE
with HQ in KRAKINO
(b)
POLTAVSKI
with HQ, in K0HS3'ANTINOVKA
(c)
SLAVYANSKI
with HQ in SIAVrYANKA
(d)
(105 district) GRMEKOVSKC 'with HQ in GR)EKOV0
(a)
Th1ANSE1 -
with HQ in Dither Il N or
IESAZAVODSIC.
These defence belts extend from the international border to a depth of
approx 22 Km.
On both sides of the international border in a 100 metro wide
nog-man's-land with all the trees felled and the ground ploughed up.
In the first zone I - 2 Km deep only permanent border troops
of the NUB are stationed..
A pei-anent post of border .troops consists of 70' men in diarge
of a Lt, with a oomplMint of horses and Alsatian dogs. The roads along
t1e border are patrolled by mounted guards, the ground between the roads
by sentries with watchdogs.
/These troops
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457R014300010008-8
S~E C RE T
- B7 -
These troops have an administration of their own and are
independent of the local.axhrty units.
I3o trespassing in this 2 Km zone is permitted.
The isocond zone, 5:Km wide, 2 - 7 Km distant from the frontier,
is. the fortified defence belt. No oivilians are allowed to settle. in
this area and no blailding. occupied by the military has any windows facing
the border. This area is also prohibited, to military personnel unless in
possession of special passes issued for a_ special purpose. Any 'farming
in these zones id done by..oocupying troops.
The fortifications consist of a double chain of defensive
constructions consisting of:
(f )
(h)
DOT - Gun i1armanent Firing Point (Pushoohnaya dolgavrorartaya
ognevaya tochks.) (sae-Annexe 1).
DOT. - I- Permanent Firing Point (Pulen}yotnaya dolgovrernanaya
ognevaya t ochka) .
DZOT~ - in Giin Empl ldomont (Dorevo-zemlona.ya ognovaya tochka
a1ya Paloqyota). The top is' covered by 2 - 3 roais of tree
trunks 8 12 in: in diameter and 6 - 9-ft- of earth and
stones. The side walls are laid-Out with stones. ,Crew
I 'Comdr and 2 ORs.
(i) KOLPAK - Pillbox of reinforced concrete. 1 OR plus ICr.
(3)
Dug-in tank. 1visi (Mal,y Soviotsky Tank) or Japanese tanks.
sun and engine are removed. Crew of 2, or 5 par two tanks.
(k) SOTKA - "Jack in the Box". The walls-are of concrete,
entrance through a tunnel. The top is a camouflaged metal
lid,which.can be raised. Adouble-barrelled bG is used
Crow of one.
All SOTKI, dug-in tanks, pillboxes; DUTY and DOTY are centrally
connected by telephone lines, which are laid on the ground.
Mortar positions afire outside. the DCTY and supplies of mortar
bombs are kept stored in.the DOTY.
Each DOT ,?ras surrounded, by fourfold barbed Vrixo entanglements
which. coaid be electrified by power generated in the DOT
Outside the barbed wire perimeter were static flame-throVIVers
which were operated.from within the DOT. These flame-throwers had
containers 2 metres long and, 150 cm in diameter. The flaws extended
to.approx 150 metres and lasted for several minutes. Each of the flamree-
throwers had 15 - 20 c rlinders (fuel -containers).
Within the perimeter of the gun DOTS were open mortar pits,.
intended-as alternative firing power.
The gun fortifications have every technical-aid . required and
outfit The equipment was progressively improved during thv
war
as
.
,
experience from the wlostern fronts was passed-on.
/The crews ...
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457R014300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457R014300010008-8
E C RI;T
The crows have special protective clothing and a supply of 2
months' rations.
the estimates for building gun
lea per DOT.
The, gun fortifiea.tioris have as. their armament 2, some have 4
0o of whiah ' fired .to the rear), 76 cm. guns of L17 type, wh c
F re only used in fortifications. Those guns are coupled ~ri'tA
lM . The ammunition is supplied by power-operated hoists. The power
unit is a 12 Dynamo, also called "M-orslcy", driven by a petrol engine.
One motor is used for the gun mechanism, ammunition hoist, luting an d
air purifying plant, another for electrifying the barbed wire ,perimeter.
Each gun or DCT had its own water-well.
The living quarters are on the floor below the gun emplacements.
3unks were - on chains and could be hoisted_ to the ceiling *ihen not in use.
On a floor below the living quarters was the ammunition store.
The DOI`s are connected with each other by a system of under-
ground passages.
Some DCTPs are adatptod to the existing rook formations.
Amongst the fortification oonstruotions,aro cyuita a number of
"ciumV" gun positions, but also gun positions camouflaged as dwelling
houses. .
Large scale exercises involving the belt-of fortifications are
hold in the spring and oven larger combined exercises in the autumn.
At no time are more than half of the, troops in, the defence
fortifications away at a. time .
Since the beginning of the Korean war,. the dofotioe fortifications
a~a.ve been permanently occupied.
In the third zone e- xtending between .7 Km and 22 Km from .the
frontier civilians are allowed to settle, but are specially. screened as
to their -political reliability and possess special passes.
If any resident outside the frontier zone wants. to visit a
_ ident: within the zone , he must apply for a visa . at his local militia
,t,aseport office giving full details of the resident .within, the zone < The
resident within the zone also applies to his local militia for permission
to have -a visitor, giving all the details, of the visitor. He then
; btains a pass (vyzovka) whioh is sent to the militia at the visitor's
3laca of residence. A stamp. having 3 divisions for th,,- .ifforent zones
_e stamped on the last page of. the passport and nv.st. bo produced at the
. rain document check.
Military personnel expecting visitors from outside the frontier
zone mist apply similarly through military channels:
On lake. Ic1WIM, based on TURIY ROG, is a... naval unit with gun
boats, each 12 .1.5 metres long with one gun and one } as armaments.
/i1, civilian
S E C R E T
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457R014300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S E C R E T
- B9 -
11. Civilian administration
The "1RIMORSKY MAY" is formed by )f8 districts, most of which
are named .after the town in which the distl: i;ct office is located.
The district committee of the V10? (b) (RAIKOM) is for all
practical purposes-the governing body to which all other economic,.
oral ,arid. local government offices are subordinated.
The RAIKOM in turn was uabordinat3 to the KRAIK0I,I (reegior_al
party committee) with its seat for the PRI1. ORSI;Y' ICRAY. 1n VLADIVOSTOK
The first secretary, of the P,4-TKOM is appointed by the Central
Committee in MOSCOW, -of which he is a member, but to show that the party
is democratic he is also elected. locally into the' 1-jLU11TM.
The second and third secretaries were party officials appointed
by the KRAIKOM, For their positions they are coached on 6-monthly courses
and have to:attend a monthly refresher course once a year.
The district comthitto? (RA-]MIT) has its. District Executive
Committee (RAIISPOLKOM) riLade up of the chairman . and .2 deputies and.
specialist sections which cover every phase of communal life and con-
stitute an army of nop-productive officials (contemptuously called
" NAIQ3LEBNIKE") .
A show of apparent independence-is mado in the election of the
representatives on the executive committee (RAIISPOLKOM) of. the chairmen
of kolkhozi, Syelsovieti and the judges of the people's court. The
candidates are nominated by the appropriate party committee and are
presented for local -election in such a way that their election is assured.
In the iUZAIKOM, besides the elected members are also. all
Comers of Armies--stationod in the region as well as the Commander
of the Pacific Fleet, amongst others:-.
Chief of IQ Far Eastorh Command G?n.Col. BIRYUZOV
Chief of Staff - Gan. 7A1,ifv_4TAYEV
Gen.Col. SHTYKOV
Commander of Pacific Floot - Vico Admiral YUMISHEV
Commander of Coast Defence - Gen. Col. SAXOV.
These largo numbers of ,pa.rty.officials receive a comparatively
mcderato.salary, but.enjoy privilges which enable them to buy commodities
at'low prices. This raises their living standard.considerably in relation
to non-party men ers and'at`the same-time providos vast opportunities for
black market and speculative -activities,, 1Frhich are rife thr. oughout the
region through widespread bribery and corruption.
the following districts:- 50X1-HUM
office located at:
GR?EJ OVO
lff3OROL ..
KOMCSAROVO
POKROVKA
GALYO1 KI
1I1cHAILOVKA
VOROSHILOV
IVANOVKA
SECRET
Name of district :
GRMEKOVSEIY. district
KHOROLSI1Y it
KOkIISARO V SKIY
i~OI[rAVSKIY-
MMIOLOTOVSKIY
MIXHAILOVSIaY
VOROSIIILOVSKIY
1VANOVSKIY
/C RI`TIGOVKA
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S E C R E T
BlO -
District offices locator ::
ClMNIGOVEA
SPASSK
AJ IUCHXNO
YA MVLEVI;A
OJflJGUYEVKA
tJSMMA
IMAI .
Sutx v
VLADThIIRA U ItSMROVSK
SHKOrOVO
BARABASH
OLGA
VLADIVOSTOK
Nstaa of d4tri ct
Cd "f r G4vI"I',rc distri.ot
SPASSIZ "
-AIAXIt I8X1Y
YOVT.WVSYIY
s~ gic(VSICtY
scicxsjty
BUOY t o'8A IY
StiKOTOVSKax
BARABASH$hiY
I iASASKsl
0I,GOVS
VLADIVOMO1c SI;I '
12 Living conditions. of Milita:s personnsl
(b) Accommodation
One of the worst aspects was the housing shortage.
The room
was in a 2-storey brick house, originally
built for 4 families 'but due_ to the housing -shortage occzpied.by 27 parties.
his room measured approK 16'a
quare metros and in addition he had a small
=baloony. A kitchen yeas shared betwuen four parties, but because of disputes
which the communal use of the kitchen involved the kitchen. was use . as a
s Lorago room and all the cooking was done in the roomq, either on a kerosene
Primus stove or on the coal fire in' the stove
(0)
1*`Ur i ture
The furniture consisted of one double bad (iron bedstead) 2
children's beds, one table and two-.ohairs (supplied by the military), four
bentwooel chairs, one dr3sser and one bookshelf. One boo imz folded away
curing the day. There was no wardrobe and no mshstatd.
,/flow f u rri,ture ...
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
SEC R'X T
.New furniture was almost unobtainable and very expensive. It 50X1-HUM
was the custom to buy the secondhand furniture of the outgoing tenant art
likewise d s ose of one's own'when posted a ..
On paper, the -KECh unit;is?supposed.to.supply.the furniture
entitlement *for married quarters, but after the opulent requirements of
the higher: ranks are satisfied, no stooks for general distribution are
available.-
Furniture manufacture is almost non--existent. The few articles
available are so.shoddy that oven at a reasonably cheap price they are
unsaleable.- The-,people are often content. to do?.without..
The price, of-tools is so gxhorbitant that any desire to build
one's own-furnituxo:is frustrated.
(4) Sanitation
Ther? was. outside -sanitation next to the dwelling hpuse, of the
most primitive kind, serving all parties.
(6) Electricity
There was an electricity supply of _220 v. one 50X1-HUM
l > only for which .a.,f.lat rate of 8:r9ubles per men was ge Electric
apparatus was,.?not used as it: was deemed too. expensivq.
(f) Water Supply
Tro running water supply Was laid on.. Water had to be fetched in
buckets from the water tower Hoar the railway station'(approx 300. yards away)
and was charged for at 15 copeoks per bucket.
The KECh (army supply services) had a wateroart delivering water
to the - famil.es of high-ranking officers only.
In the mornings when. everybody fetchod.water there were always
queues, entailing a wait of at' least 20 minutes:
During the winter the water pipes often froze and there were
:queues of 50 - 60 people.
The officers' quarters of the. HQ staff of the LXV Corps are
parbioularly badly off for water. They have to fetch their.. water from a
point- 2 Km away, from their quarters. :At, Q500 hours the:: queues were already
forming and more often than not the supply of.-water.-gave out before their
noothi could be filled.
Laundry. is washed at the public laundry or on the river banks;
in the winter in the rooms.
(g) Public Baths
The public baths are. open only on 2 ;days.:per week, one day
reserved for females, one for men..
The charge for the use .of the baths is. 2 roubles. per person.
The same applies to.the KECh baths.
/(h) el
SE.CREI
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
SECRET
(h) Fuel
For cooking and heating .purposes coal was used.
To begin with coat stoves in the .military. married quarters had
to be modified as 'they brined a disproportionate amount at fuel.
Coal costs 86 roubles per ton and. in the winter 2 tons per
month are required. The quality of the coal was invariably poor, so that
even before storini it ir~ an outside shed it was passed through a sieve,
and half of . it'was earth $nd stones. 50X1-HUM
Coal was supplied b' the X%Ch unit,. a fixb& ration at,about
half the price paid locally (40 roubles per ton): However, delivery of
coal to married. quarters was strictly according to military rank. By
the time it was the lbwer ranks' turn to-receive their ration the weather
had turned cold anti alternative supplies had to be organised.
The transport pool for-the delivery of fuel was run on "planned"
lines. If the petrol consumption for the month had been exhausted, no
coal could be delivered for the rest , cif the mohth,andagain the lower
ranks were the chief sufferers.
In addition to coal, firewood was .purchased. The monthly
quantity required was z colic metre at 21 roubles.,_ As,_'during the
winter, wood supplies and. transport were short, it was customary to go
out at night and steal wood. The neighbours know of these-nightly
expeditions simply-because they also went out on them and this common
conspiracy. prevented each other from exposing the plot.
(i) Rent
The rent paid for a room approx 16 square n tree' amounted to
21 roubles per month.
(j) Food Rations
Soviet Army officers ordered their foodstuffs from the bulk
stores, who delivered once a month at current prices.. The sole advantage
was that most ordered items were available and, no queuing in the local
shops was necessary.
For fresh milk and bread supplies ooupbns were purchased-which
vure exchanged when the daily delivery took place.
The following is a typical monthly order, ffor. -a Soviet;'ArrV Lt Is
family of four persons:-
10
Kg millet
9 3.50
Roubles
Kg
5
Kg flour
/
? 8.00
It
II
It
5
Kg barley
@ 6.00
2
Y%g r .ce
Q 18.00
n
II
tt
5
Kg, sugar
6. .00
n
tf
It
2
Kg fat
@ 21.00
II
n
M
1
Kg butter
56.00
II
TI.
II
6
Kg'meat (:salted)
.? 25.00
II
II
It
It
ft
II
5 Kg fish (salted) Q 15.00
2
Kg herrings (salted) ? 7.00
n
>r
II
1
Kg tea ? 60.00
tt
n
II
"20
Kg :bread @ 1.80
tt
It
n
30
litres milk @ 2.00
;n
litre
I
sswoot biscuits @ 21.00
n
re
Kg
SECRET
rh,9:c' ...
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S E C R E T
- B13 -
Other food prices were:-
White bread
4 5 Roubles, per. Kg
Sausage
20 - 70 Roubles' per Kg
Bar of chocolate
Bottle of Vodka-
Eggs
20 Roubles
25 Roubles
2 Roubles each
Cigarettes
Vegetables:..
Kg potatoes
2..50 Roubles for
2.00 Roubles
25
" tomatoes
It cucumber8
cabbage
I, Mons
pigltiod cabbage
Washing soap 200 gr)
Toilet soap (1 bar)
Compulsory subscription
to. newspapers
1.00 to
2.00
2'..00.
2-1.4.
1.50
2.00 Roubles
5.00 "
(k) Compulsory deductions from eartu198
Taking the average pay of 2,000 Roubles per month of an Arnr
officer with a wife and two children; the following compulsory deductions
are made by the State:-
State loan - Rs 400?> (Usually requesttld to
subscribe 1/10 of 2
months' salary.)
Income Tax - 156...
(1)
(m)
No children tax - 6;16
One child tax 1%
Two children tax - 1
Party membership fees 3g
25.-
Other regular e2g22ndituro
Disposal of-,refuse by KECh - 10.- Roubles per month
.Haircut - 2.. Roubles
Public baths - 2.- Roubles
Clow
Taking into account the above expenditure, very little money
is left for clothing and-household goods.
The officer is issued with:
One overcoat to
One cap - it
One uniform
One sot winter underwear
One summer uniform
Two sets of Summer underwear
Material for one pair of trousers-
One pair of high boots
last 3 years
" 5 tr .
it n 3
to rt 2 "
year
" M 1 rr
11 11 It
rr " 8 months.,
All repairs and replaoements have to be paid for.in full.
S E C R E T
'For the ...
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
SECRET
._ B14. -
For the children's clothing, the fathers' t.eet-off uniform is
,nade use of.
On the whole the army is more slovenly dressed than the troops
,ii Germany. The saying. J a: "KAK I I{OLKiOZNIK TAK I SOIDAT". (Soldiers a e
dressed like collective farmers)
) Recreation
Staff officers and higher
ranks were the only officers to get regular leave.
off timeUspent at home, reading:-.o pottering about the
Vegetable g en. The latter was discouraged foi!`oi$li.tary personnel as
it was claimed that the Err provided' sufficient for their officers to
live on.
::]went to the cinema once per month (price of:tioket ..
5 roubles) but could not afford to go to a visiting theatre show (price
of ticket - 15 Roubles) or walk in the munioipal garden (entrance fee
2 Roubles, open air dancing - .5 Roubles)' even once per month.
The habit of visiting or receiving guests ms not practised
because the hosts would be put-out to provide a-meal. On national holida.yr.
such as the lot Lay or the celebration of the October Revolution; which
takes place in November, neighbours-might arrange a party, each one
contributing in. kind and taking their cutlery with them to the party.
The conscript soldier who is paid 30 Roubles, per month and is
riot allowed to have his family live with him, has little off time for
recreation. Supper is at 2000 hours and little is left than to spend
tho rest of the night sleeping. His pay is spent on goods for personal
azso bought from mobile army shops.
Even his "off" day is plannod for him by the Zampolit who will
arrange organised visits to the oinema, football matches, swimming or other
sports. Favourite indoor games are chess ariddominoes. ?Card playing is
off icially , prohibited.
The national games are football and netball. The military
personnel also practised athletics, which serves as a preparation to
obtain the GTO badge (GOi`OVKA K TZ$IDU 105ORONY),- showing efficiency
grading at all round sport, which all military personnel were compelled
to obtain.
(o) g1eanliness
The am r disoi j line ensures that one weekly bath is taken, and
v~ .s applies also to officers. Hovrever, bed-bugs are in every, house, even
i.u the best and most modern. There is a periodical spring oleaninr when
bedding and` furniture arcs taken outside and boiling water poured over each
item, but' bed.-bugs are, persistent and have to be tolerated ,despite these
:;measures
/(p) Public Health .
S E _C R Ins T
50X1-HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8 IM
SECRET
Bi5
(p) Public Health
On the whole the military are healthy. It is not customary for
a.doctor to visit a patient at his home. If one was `ill, one reported at
the hospital and the degree of il7nes.s.was'established there.
TB is the most. widespread cause of death, besides abortions
amongst wpmn. the. former. could be easily over-
come if sufficient medicines were available.
Informant had' 'not heard of the prevalence of malaria . or VD.
There 50X1-HUM
was only one went hospital in the region - in VOROSHILOV, ovs-
kaya 15.
The standard of nutrition was adequate, bearing in mind the
limitations of the Soviet range, of foodstuffs..
The following -anecdote vrill. give a truer picture:-
At a mealtime inspection a.General was asking the troops if
they were receiving sufficient .food. "Yes" was the answer
"and. there is still some left .over" . "And what do you do
with the food left over?". "We'eat that. as well!"
(Poyedayem' )?
Morals
Drunkenness is very prevalent amongst the military personnel
and is. responsibl?; for most charges at4..failings..
the case of . Lt.. KHAflOBfl , a gypsy who was in- 50X1 -HU M
command of a. permanent:) defence,post... The Chief of Staff, Lt.Col.
KOT IKOV, who was also a. gypsy., favoured KHMCBIN and made him-HQ Comdt
(approx equivalent.to OC 1QM Coy) .but .soon found. hind unfitted for the
position as he. lacked intelligence and polish. K i&)0BIN realised his
.shortcomings aryl. took, to drinking. . KgIANDQBfl 's wife, who, was employed
as a typist with the 1415B, had him arrested when on, one occasion," while he
was"drink, he threatened to kill her. He was charged with an offenoo
against his 12 year old servant girl at the instigation of.his wife and
sentenced to 10 years hard labour on the IUI 1CBRa peninsula.
.(r) Privileges of higher ranks
The higher ranking military are the privileged classes of the
Soviet society and, although their. abuses of their ranks were well known
amongst the rest of the population, nothing could be 'done about it and
they had to b3 tolerated.
'Tho Commander of the 9 Indep M Division in GR)EKDVO until 191.8,
Gen,Maj. SWW.iIN, had two sons who attended the 10 class school in GRCDEKOVO.
Amongst -follow pupils they were known to. be lazy and dunces, yet at the and
of the year when the examining =commission' sat , they rooeived excellent
reports after the commission had been approached by the General's: wife.
Whirr the oldor.boy had to report for military. service, the father
used. his influence so that his son was made a Jun.Lt and was attached as
Komsomol Secretary to a regiment in his father's Diviion.
SECRET,
/By the ...
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
3B,CRBT
- Bi ti -
By the and of the ivar he was promoted to Lt and 'obtained a
as adjutant at the 11Q. As. such he re oei ted his share of medals.
It was his f+ .ther's ihfluenoe which made his soil's early der o-
bilisation possible'. - He 'remained at home until hi.-3 father arranged thr. ugb
a Copt TIRh '1 RD, propaganda officer in Iiivisional M4 for his sorb to
enter - the Institute fat Diplomats in MOSCOW. Cape TIIIMMM, "rho had
good connections at the institute. was given 2 months leave and sent with
the Generay s son to 'MaSCOW iii order to smooth his aooeptancu at the
nstitute. However,,, tl'e son failed the entrant a :e,cam. and vas' pushed
into some - oommeroial. w:idertak ng, where he w'&a sooni promoted to the
managerial bbazd.. in' return for a large aura.of -mdn ". paid by h&s -:tatlar.
Maj.Gen. ,"HUM' 1I' and. his.wife operated. ;4 the ourrenc y black
keet_ on a ;large : ~ cis] E and when the Genera` , .was pc a lo ITA in 1946,
had to change .2 bags full of small. money 'into ~ 100 Rouble note:.. 50X1-HUM
amounting to 250,000 Roubles, the proceeds of the wife's black market
t. tivita:es.
Asa result of the war with. Japan . in China the high-rahicing
ni litary returned with wagon loads* of ' looted. commercial goods Which in
the post-war years were gradually cold at high profit. at the bazaar. .
'he furnishing of their houses was also to a large extent from the
;roceeds. of looting i China.
Another remauierative sourbe off income of the hig r ranks cores
:'rom_ the -un ct farms (Poclsobniye Xhoz.ia'kva) which supp4 primarilthe
offic?rs' families. Besides the preferential shares of available
commodities the higher ranks receive, most of them have their own oattl.o
and pigs' which are- kept. at the expense of the' tarn and disposed of
privately.
All these maczhinations 'of the higher ranks are known. Now and
again an. investigating commission will arrive, and during their prolonged
:stay are well looked after and entertained with the. result that se]3cm
any shortcomings in the management of the unit farms are established.
Another sources of lucrative income is the privilege accorded
high-ranking personnel to buy large quantities of oonsunin goods and
.foodstuffs at the base stores at very low prices. Those goods are than
.()sold at a high prcfit through middlemen 6A the bazaars.
vin conditions of civilians
Military families acoeunt' for 5Q6 of the civilian population
.n the area.
Of the rest 5Q are collective farm woYiers, and the remainder
-.,cal and regional g;ovelrnment:..employoes, railway oriployses and civilian
employees of military units.
`hero is no local industry worth.-mentioning. . Most tradesmen
ra represented. n the military or-municipal trading centres, where they
are salaried employees,: In more speoialised trades, e.g. a stove setter,
ndivid.uals st:Gl:l work on their owe account.
Sexes are about ecgaal, but younger 'people preeca omit~ltl ate..H
h:e collectiq}ve ..
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
The collective farm workers are regarded by the military as
"speculators" because their main income is derived from selling their
produce to the military. Because of the. proximity of the.ga garrisons,
they have'a better market than other collective farms.
Yet despite this reproach their standard of life is the lowest
.imaginable. The 'huts they live in are, a marked contrast to the rest. of
the houses, long overdue for repairs ,for which the means are not. available.
It is a rare exception - . for a family, and the average.. fami,ly comprises 7
members, to share .more than one room. Most of tho, original peasant. houses,
=ich were built for one family, have been divided to accoramodato one more
family. Only the barest furniture is 'available.
There is no recreation for,the collective farm worker, who works
from sunrise' to sunset and. spends the remaining hours sleeping.
-Most collective farm rorkars wear cast off'military clothing
purchased from so!Oiers, as they never have sufficient money to buy nqvr
clothes.
Much of the poverty is duo to the absence of male collective
-farm workers as a result of losses during the war and conscription.
The most common foods and the cheapest, are potatoes and salted
herrings, cabbage soup (SHCHI)and beans.
Most of the civilian population derives its income catering to
the needs of the military. In this, party members and local. officials are
at an advantage for they have the facilities'to buy agricultural produce
at the minimum State prices from'the collective. farm and they sell the
produce in the bazaar at a large profit. The militia and the local
'Judiciary are all involved in this.scheme to make a. profit so, in fact,
there are no authorities tc- which. complaints of those abuses could be
directed. Even though their wages are small, the advantages of being
able.: to purchase at special cheap rates and getting their party uniforms
free of charge' enables them to live at a. standard higher than arty non-
party man, however much the latter may earn.
The only people in GRCg)EKOV0 who had motor cars were the
secretary of the district committee 'and the chairman of the executive
committee, who had official cars at their disposal. Iro..othor civilian
cars were in evidence,
50X1-HUM
a woman 57 years old
was a w
ar
,
widow wi c roe her husband, a shoemaker, was posted - as missing
during the war). Because of some irregularity in the notification of
her husband's death, she does not receive a war widow's pension, but
draws-the sum of 280..- Roubles per month on behalf of her children from
public assistance funds, a sum. which is not enough to live on. %To
supplement her income keeps a. cow for which a certain 50X1-HUM
quantity of milk has to be surrendered to the State for a nominal sum,
also an amount of moat in addition to 500' Roubles taxes per year. 50X1-HUM
Despite the high. taxes and dues in kind it was still considered
profitable to keep a cow, espgcial],y as supplementary food. value for children.
SECRET
/The mother-ih-law ...
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
:SECRET
-? 318 -
lived. with her ohildren,l
ne room, about 14 square metres, for which
she paid the local au ,orities 20 Roubles per. month.
All her furniture consisted of was one bed and 2 ohairre. She
also had a sewing machine which her husband had bought for her. The
= lhilditen had no, permanent; sleeping space,- but sal upt v ywhero' and anyhow.
She has not been able to buy a y now clothes for the ohiltxron
but makes do with old cast off clothes, which she obtains cheaply.
The chi]d.ren grow u,p without aAy parental control, most of the
time' fending for themselvda.
On an average the families are of 7 members -or more .
There are not enough school facilities, which to be adequate
should be multiplied threefold. The 7-class elementary schoo arc fre e,
but foes have to be paid for higher. education from 8 10 class schools.
School classes are large,, because of the shortage of suitable school
premises. The attendance at most schools is in 2 shifts (morning and
afternoon).
Parente or teachers have little say in the sa)Ootion of pupils
for trade schools. The tam administration is told by the district
administration to find a certain number of pupils, to fill the vacancies
the trade schools and the selection is made from the register of
population. in a haphazarri -fashion,. little attention being ;paid to the
suitability of the individual. Ileneo the frequenoy of children
absconding from trade schools, whore- i. is said they are being worked
vary hard.
The ambition Of a young man is to learn a -trade, and. . success
means to him the earning of moro: money, anabl:ing hidi to,: live better.
To a young woman the,objeotive- i.s to get married and bear
There are three classes in Soviet society:-
1:. Sovi it worker . eovi etslV rabotoht )
2 Agriaul tur%l workers, Tr zhe'ni1 polei) ,
3. Soviet intelligentsia sovietekaya inte]igentsiyal
-et the elite group in Soviet society is composed of the high party
%notionaries.
Alcoholism is very widespread and only leapt in. confines by the
i';.meral lack of money. Thieving is also prevalent but the., culprits are
never caught and it is commonly believed that the militia'is working hand
in load with the criminals. As a rule the military personnel, is blamed
for all oriura.. Anted robbery and murder -ere rare
a poor. labourer. took some oats
from a field which had not been s because or early snowfaLLs.
The quantity Was negligible but some neighbour saw him taking it home &r A
informed the n ili tia. he was arrested and sentenced to 7 y + hard labour
for stealing "socialiat" property. lie appealed to +SCAW against his
sontence and was released` a.fteir one year, but had to leave the district.
/i of ormant ...
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
population in the 9--y-oars
SEC R B.T
-B19-
lonly 2 cases of suicide amongst the local
One winter an employed, a family- man with 4 children, was
dismissed from his job and told to vacate the 'room which he occupied.'
He was given a week .to find. another job. and? other accommodation, which
he failed to do. The militia - arrived in odor to evict . hire' by force but
he punohed the militia, then lookod-himself in, wrote a farewell letter
and hanged himself. Soon aftez*atda:the family was deported and not.
heard of again..
The other case concerned a girl cashier who was involved as'a
.witness in a court case, concerning .a muni,cipe3..reataurant which bad a
surplus of 150,00d Roubles. This money. had accumulated' aver one year
'through.the waterj.ng down of vodka, which in turn was' necessitated, as
put forward by the defence, through the non-payment for ,drinking bouts
by party and.maunicipal officials. The chief accountant and storokDeper
were oaoh sentenood to 15 years hard labour. The girl, worn out by the
lengthy court case,. hanged herself'.
.14. .Attitude-.towards war
it is generally realised in the Par East 50X1 -HUM
that preparations for a new war are f?bing on.
For the last 2 years propaganda in the Soviet newspapers has
been intensifiedarA even the history of the 1917/18 years is be5.ng warmed
UP-
It-is also realised *At it ' is politicians who are responsible
for starting the war and they will decide Without considering the }wish
of the` people..
It was generals believed that the Korean. war originated in the
wait the Soviet newspapers had indicated at. the time'. The people generally
believed that the USSR had an agrcemont with Korea to provide economic and
technical help but that with China "there is a full agreement, including
military assistance, and if China. became involved in the war, the Soviet
Union would join in.'
The opinion is widely hold that-the war would start. in the East
and end in the Wost. and that if the same' tactics are employed as in the
last war, the aggressor will lose*
the Soviet*. people-' would defend their 50X1-HUM
country gains any aggressor, unless they-were conditioned beforehand
by onembr propaganda, in spite of the fact that the Soviet people consider
themselves to have been cheated after the last war. None of the promises
made .when victory was in . sight have been kept. Tho. 5 year plan bas not
produced what. was hoped for; instead less and less commoditios are
available. There has been no return to pre war price levels.
There-is a general war weariness, but-Soviet propaganda is
hammering 'away that in case of war the Soviet people will not be on their
owrn, that there will be ihsurreotions in' the Western 'countries, where
conditions caused by hunger, poverty. and.unemployment are steadily
deteriorating.
/On the other ...
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S2C-RET
On the other baud., f$hey are told, conditions in the. Eastern bloc"
countries are improving, the Soviet Union has made great sacrifices, in
order that these' countries can live, and if their independence is threatenect.
} is lp must be given by the Soviet Union.
With regard to the attitude tavvards the Chinese and Japanese, the
Soviets have not muoh' confidence in the Chinas as efficient soldiers, but
theM still persists a bi4g hatred against the Jap"pse, r sulting: from the
1.920/1 years and` they are still oommoniy'referrea-:to -as monkeys 50X1-HUM
Attitude towards propaganda
Ithe .joiiy ofL__] 50X1-HUM
citizens `'believed tho official propaganda with which they sere fed.
Even in glaring cases in which doubt seas the reaction, the, -latter
could not be sustained beoanse of the absence of proof to the contrary.
Within the Soviet, Union there are no means to form an unbiased
opinion and it was at sill time dangerous to have or express an opinion
contrary to. the official propaganda line.
94.5
off:lcial4propaganda had been obrrect. The lives
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
conditions of the :nativ^e Chinese population were even worse rand their
poverty greater than t1 at of the Russians.
The Chinese displayed an attitude of respect and gratitude
tow rds the Soviet Union and the Red Arm6r was genora y.'. regarded as
liberators, despite the largo-soale laoti ng which was going on~. '-The 'war,
propaganda that the war..w>.s revenge for the defeat in 1905 and was waged
to liberate China was generally-believed.
Although the claims of Soviet propaganda, that the pact with
Gar- aany was necessary to give the Soviot 'Union another year to make
D reparations fora defensive war was at first believed, the contradicting
subsequent explanation of the sudden unexpocted attack on the Soviet
Union was treated with reserve. Further a*planatioris that although
Germany invaded the Soviet Union, it was only a temporary phase as the
Coinnunist party in Gdrmany would seize power while the armed forces were
out of the country, rwats believed only by optimists. Later on the corn-
.partitive prosperity anit'. higher standa>wi in Germany was explained as- clue
to looting and the slave-labour of the PW, and this. was usually- believed.
It was also believed' that' the countries ,or Europe were
vxgprienoing :oppression and hunger and for ,humanitarian reasons the t SSR
I
nad to come to their rascue and liberate them.
After the ?war the propaganda said that the West was 'p"paring
'i`or an attack on the Soviet Union, that the test had, changed from being
friends - arxd~ turned foe. This was considered true.
19 reg. at propaganda was. a big
feud. Until then hie had. believed that conditions were deteriorating
in the West. People returning from the West'-wound, toll Of conditions..
t hey found there in very guarded language for fear of being a.rresied:
most peg oplo - in the' Soviet Union believe
rho claims of the Soviet Union being the originators of scientific
q,c:ventions
Informant . a'-
,SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457R014300010008-8
-S E C RE T
-.B21 -
.
He had never met any foreigners and his impressions were formed
from books he read. Thus- -
An Englishwoman was. lani r and lean,, cultured and well spoken:
but malicious' and cold-natured.'
A Frenchwoman like types portrayed by de MAUPASSMT and, Emile
ZOLA and
American speech - an unintelligible blether.
On the whole people do believe the propaganda,.but are not.sufficient.1y
interested to dO idq as to its truth or othertiriso.
16. Rgli:rxi.on
The earliest memory as a child was-to watch his
father and mother through a keyhole, kneeling end praying ,in front .of
an 'inn in the adjoining ? room. Many a time af'terwards he saw his mother
weeping. and he' knew that it vraz in connection with the ikon. He cannot
remember tho4gh ever hawing had re t_ .gious iiistruction, or having had his
intea'est roused in religious matters.
He does not remember ever having entered a church in Soviet
Russia. He was quite content not to go to church like his friends, and
going to church vas regarded. as a pastime of old people and those who
r? m ine8. o1 -fashioned. . He .know that army personnel and members of the
Iiorsomol, a ri_party were forbidden to go to., c'_zurch. Church and religion
did not arouse his curiosity and as far as, ho and his friends were-
concerned their attitude was complete indifference. This he claims
applies'to his generation.
During the war effortswere made. to. revive. .religion,-but,
it did not have appreciable success.
17. Anti-Somitism
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457R014300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8
S E C R E T
.ATI I TO AFkM,DXX 'B-'
SIMCH OF Fl.3 MAI :T GUN FIRU G POINT. (DOT}
1 : Range finder in position (cart be pulled down)
2. Comniand post
3. Gun emplaoements with gun openings
4.. Engine rooms with air purify3.x g plats
5+ Living quarters for crew of 21
6. Ammunition hoists
7. Amm nitioh magazines
8. Stairs.
I,
!r
S E C R E T
50X1-HUM
SECRET
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/03/31: CIA-RDP82-00457RO14300010008-8