SUPREME COMMITTEE FOR THE LIBERATION OF LITHUANIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R003500720004-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: November 10, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

,eSSIFICIATCO;ki
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!INFORMATION REPORT 6 16
INTELLOAA la
--3:14kt ussft L thuan2a)
:::1JEUECT Supreme Committee for the Liberation
uf Lithuania
PLACE
i'.CQUIRED
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)ATE OF INFO. September 1949
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-4
DATE DeSTR 10 NOV 49
NO OF PAGES 6
NO. ?FENCES,
MISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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.Hte HOCEItARRT CONTAINS 1147ORDAHYOZI ARMCHAIR THE NATIONAL DIPENSI
C ; THU PEOTID STATER ITHIN THR nefultrio Or TBI ISPIONAOR ACT HO
2. 5. O., DI AND 2.A5 MARNORD TRIASIMSOION OR TRI REVILATIOO
, OP res comma IN MR DARNER TO Ari PHARTHORITRO PERSON IS PRO.
:HOLTRO RI unv. RSPRODUCTiON OP YM3 rotas IS PROMITRO
;WM
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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The oriein of the Supreme CoMmittee for the Ti
of Lithuania
bilrfqi
The Provisional rational Government that Wes set Up
by Lithuanian insurpents at the outbreak of the
Lusso-German war and charped rith implementing the
re-establishing of the indenendent and sovereign
.;tate of Lithuania was suppressed by the razis in
August 1941. Resistance apainst the new loccurder
7tis carried out, at first, by separate uneerrround
,iovements. The coordinntion of their actiVities
1,as achieved in due course by an epreement betreen
the traditional political rties and the hely
formed resistance moveMents es a result, the
Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania
"Teeiausias Tietuvos Islaisvinimo Komitetast abbr.
Veil-0 was created in October 1943. It issued its
ftrst declaration to the Lithuanian people on
Jo February 1944, the '16th eieeiversery of the
declaration of Lithuania's independence.
b, In the siring of 194/,most of the :Turireme Committee's
members reye ariested by the Gestano enu taken to
prisons and concentration camps in Germany. Their
work vas continued by their Ueeuties, dater the
liberation of the members by the aavencing U S.
',rmy, the Supreme Committee resureu its work in
-urzburg, Germany, in the sprinp of 1945. lince
October 1945, the Headquarters of the Sunieme
Committee has been in Pfullinpen, French Zbne of
Occupation, Cermany. In November 1946, eh
!xecutive Council :as formed by the Supreme
Committee. (The former may be regarded as sui
generis Government; the latter, as parliament.)
In July 1948, e joint meetinp took lace in Baden-
Paeen, Germany, of the renresentatives of the
3unreme Committee arm the Executive Council ieith
ilthe plenipotentiaries ent by the Headquarters of
CLASSIFICATION sic
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r 1
Th'.is document is hereby regraded to
CONFIDENTIAL in accordance with the
letter of 16 October 1978 from the
Director of Central Intelligence to the
Archivist of the United States.
Next Review_ Date: 2088
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t Document
No Change
Xss. -
Declase
Auth.: FIR
Date: 05-
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CEN MAL IGENCE ACt2sICT
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Je ,:esistance Movement in Lithuania0 T1e act-
of the Supreme Committee were prised by
11:e country's reoresenttives; the Supre,e Com Atte?
1,s once more empowered by the fighting jeopie of
Lithuania to act as the supreme ?clitica authority
:broad to 1,ork toward the libeation of Lithuania0
a result of internal deliberations a view
1.0 achieving the most efficient, organization of
liberation activities)the Executive Council was
med within the Supreme Committee itself in
ust 1949. The President of the Supreme Com-
tai,tfee is, at the same time the 'ref'ident of the
1-;=icative Council,
The .uareme Co-mittee is composed of the follouing
oartAPs and theri rennective lenders:
? r-liP Lithuanian nristian-temocratic Party represent-
by rsgr. Vykolas KEUPIWInUS. At pres nt he is
vcsiQent of bah the Supreme C=mittee aid the
cutive Council,
The Peasant Populist Union of Lithuania, represented
14-y Bronius
c. The Lithuanian Front, represented by frofessor
juozas
The Social-lieocratio Party of Lithuania,
by Profess)r juozas KAMINSKAS.
reoresentd
The Lithunian National Union, represented by
Dalys C;JDTIUNAS.
The Lithaanian Farmers' Union, re2resented by Dr.
Petras :!:ARVELIS.
rY, The Lithuanian Federation of Labor, represnted by
Yytauths VAITUKUNAS.
. The Urion of Combatants for_tho Liberty of Lithuania,
revented by me6ys VAL1UKENAS,
1- The Uthuanian Unity rovement, representedby Jonas
Tho Lithuanian Farmers' Party, represented
Vaclovas SIDZIKAiLKK;i3.
by
The '-yecutive Council is formed from the folloing
members of the Supreme Committee:
sTAr. ykolas KRUPAVInUb,-x'resident, and hed of
i.he office for fostering the national potentiality,
6, Eronius BIELIU4JiS-BPZIULIS, Vice-f'resitient
Eeau of the Finance service.
rofessor Juozas BRAZAITIS, Vice-Fresident,
11ec.: of the Service for Foreign Affairs,
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and
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6, Profesror ,Tuozas KAI;i1NSM,b, Vice-Preq-ident and
ead of the Service for Planninp the Country's
leonomic Becovery.
-
e. Balys GAIPZIUNeS, secretary, and Head of the
Information Serviceo
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.'erty Characteristics: An accurate aseessment of the
real pozit="7-0677Th of the above-mentioned parties
at present extremely difficult, if possiblal[ at all.
.1.rstIbecauee the last uemocrutic election in Lithuania
book piece as long apo as 1926 and many shiftines in '
Lithuanian public opinion have occurred since 'then.
Secone,because the tvo extreme:4 hare one eelp
occupations have nrofountAlv af:ectec the eoli
thinkinp of the people. One ef the effects h
the spontaneous emerpence of the so-called re
:-ovements (the Lithuanian Frot, the Union of
ebc.)pwhich not only organize; the people's r
aruinei the consecutive occupiers but also c
their part in political lendeiship. forever,
ileportent feet has been esta0)ishee that the
eeoele at home are, in their ,resent distress
the least concerned 'iith part, differences.
unanimous in their ardent dere to pet rid o
deadly occupation. From this vieepoint, they
and fully aperove of, the unification of all
common action. The parties o)nstituting the
Committee have apreea to cone3ntrate their ef
tie liberation of the countley end to nut asi
time heinp, their factional aspirations0
stating
ical
s been
istance
Combatants,
sistenee
aimed
the
Athuanian
not in
hey are
the
request,
'orces for
upreme
arts on
e, for the
The Lithuanian Christian !emocratic Party was pre-
dominant in Lithuania (in coalition vith the Lith-
uanian Farmers Union an the Lithuanian Federation
of Labor) until 1926. In general, its basic principles
are the smno as those of 3hristion Ddmocratic Parties
abroad; however, it hack::roved more progressive in
the social fiela. Under the leucership of :ser.
eROPAVI'IU1J, it hae cared out a redict4 aerarian
reform soon after Worlu ?ur I, a Caring ad revol-
utionary uneertakine at that time. The lithuanian
Farmers' Union was more uonservative tho gh bused
on the same Christian prnciples of soci 1 justice,
The Lithuanian Feceratioe of Labor, also of Christ
in allegiance, hau origivally exerted c neicerable
influence over the rorkin, class, but lot it, to
,ame extent, to the Socia-LemocraLs in the election
%le 1926. The strenpth of these three Christian
Hurtles consieteu eainly :n the su)nort piven to
them by the rural nonuluton.
The Peasant Populist Unior of Lithuania
poeerful liberal party, wit marked enti-
le,nings. It emerged the .arest single
of the election of 1926, ail came to pow
coalition with the Social lemocrats am;
wInian Farmers' Party (a smill right-win
eerty). Folloving some Coriunist-staged
-Jhich the Government failed to settle, i
thrown in a coup d'etat in 1,ecember 192
earty's members continued io hold most o
eositions in the country's economy. The
Jas the most
clerical
party out
r in
he Lith
liberal
uisturbances
t was over-
The
f the key
Party's
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etrength lay mainly vith the small bourgeoisie.
;te. Farmers' Party was supporteo b, some intellect-
ual circles. The Social Lemocrats sought the supaort
01 ineurtrial workers an exerteu some influence
over a proup or small-holeinp peasants.
c. The National Union, 6 nepligible party before 1926,
became comparatively poverful follo'inp the coup
e'etat of 19261then a single-party repime was
erauually introuuced. it vas mainly supported by
the country's bureaucracy. Since 1940, the Party
haa renounced its authoritarian principles.
The Lithuanian Front evolve in 1940-1941 from the
clandestine anti-Soviet movement !morn as the
Lithuanian Activist Front, vtich organizeo the
revolt of June 1941. The Lithuanian ictivist
Front oripinally was comprised of freedom fiphters
of various political and ideolopical shadings.
Later, in 1941 and after, liberal-minded activists
left the npvement ano founded the Union of Combatants
Dor the Liberty of Lithuania. The Lithuanian
Activist Front itself was reorganized as the
Lithuanian Front. Lost of its leaders. are young
Catholic intellectuals bent on adaptinp the
country's political ane social life to.modern
reeuirements. They proclaim the principle of
.cultural autonomy which would exclude political
prouping accordinp to ideolopical and relipious
beliefs.
a. In the Union of Combatants for the Liberty of
Lithuania, left-rine liberals were oripinally pre-
eoainant. At present it has alipned itself pith
Wie National Union. Both the Lithuanian Front and
,11t1 Union of Combatants for the Liberty of Lithuania
took a leaeinv eart in the Lithuanian resistance
movement uurinr the German occupation of Lithuania.
Oily of their leauers enc, members fell victims to
stapo persecution.
The Lithuanian Unity Lovement was mainly an intellEct-
uel raovement, at )resent it has alipnec itself .!.ith
the Lithuanian Front, The Lithuanian Federation
at Labor has also done so.
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1.eriving its authority from the political will of the
1,ithuan1an people; the supreme Com:Attee for the
Liberation of Lithuania has never considered itself a
fefuree oreanization. However; it has maintained close
contact with the Lithuanian relugees throuph their
yrpanization, the Lithuanian Refugee Community, and
has been recognized and supported by all Lithuanians
throughout the vorld as the su?reMe political author-
ity anu the true voice of the Lithuanian people. The
:Wpreme Committee's collaboration 'ith Lithuanian
Legations (in -ashington, London, Paris, the Vatican,
and so,th Amriea) has always been smooth and efficient.
The quection tihether the Executive Council of the
Supreme Committee is to become), in due time, a
Government-in-exile, has so fax' been left undecided?
it is up to the Supreme Committee an the Ministers
Plenipotentiary to reach a je,int decision in this
matter.
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