SOVIET PARTICIPANTS IN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R002600460006-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 12, 1999
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: April 18, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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ONFORNIATION REPORT
IreiatTIAL
SUBJECT SoriaV Participants in the Spanish Civil War
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General Carhoner: L'. Russian in charge of all Soviet aviators engaged ia
the war, and in control of Sanf.ah. aviation during 1938 until the Belahistes
operations. Source understends that at that time Carbonerff7 work was de-
nonneed by the Spaniard Gen, Modeoto; he was recalled to Moscow and later
ehot,
2. 22121121S1_,1211ka.: An aviation specialist, worked in Spain in 1937. At the
time of the Italian advance toward Madrfal, his operations ware unsatisfactory
and he was called to Moscow, He hater died in a flittht with. four companions
3. Poloktel,Pallgo A. Polish battalion chief whose activities were limited to
military command. He Was Inclined toward the Republicans to such an extent
that he incurred the disfavor of the Soviets his deviation from the :Party
line and the orders of the Kremlin,
4.leirm.,,al_Najralz A. Russian aviation chief? \replaced after eight months by
General Carboner. He was recalled to MOSCOW, source understands, because
of his friendship with some Englishmen. Source later inquired about him
.a number of times in Moscow but could learn nothing definite.
5. Gtaamal_Ral: A. Russian, was in Spain a short time early in the Civil War
before he was summarily recalled to Moscow. Source does no know the reason
for this recall and states that he had only two interview with him, which
were limited to discussions of tactics.
6.ztacual_bzue The first Soviet general to.: arrive in Spain. Apparently
the ETemlia was not pleased with his activities, as he remained only tea
months, Source never saw him again and understands that he was shot on
arrival, in Moscow. Source believes that he was the best Soviet general
in Spain and says that he was greatly interested in the Popular Front.
7. Genelml Greaorevich: A, Russian, relieved General Maximo (see below) and
remened until shortly before the end of the war. He was -chief of Soviet
artill,'Jry in Spain and a specialist of the general staff. No was a member
of.the Politburo (sic) and counselor of Stalin. During his stv in Spain.
he ,AIi7:ected the implementation of the policy of the Spaaf,ch
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8. ii!gabgajkagx3" A Soviet cavalry specialist who worked with a nam72v of
epecial arms, chiefly with secret matters. Re was an energetic and g'oat
defender of Kremlin orders. Re remained in Spain until the end of the var.
Returning to Moscow, he organized various schools of espionage and counter-
espionage where Spaniards studied, including the one at Bolshaya Ialuekaya
where Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia studied. After the beginning of World War
It he engaged in other work, the nature of which is not known to source.
9. Colonel Russian infantryman, among the first to arrive In Spain.
He worked with source for sixteen months but was recalled to Moscow and
sent to Siberia because he was unsuccessful-in persuading source to conform
completely to the Party line.
10.gezeseeeaLsa.141m2e*" Russian, was chief of the 14th laternational Division.
ES displeased the Kremlin by sympathizing too much with the Republicans
and was ordered recalled to Moscow. The orders arrived late and he died
on the front instead of going to Siberia.
11. agotrajaliamgal**** AB-mesa.= staff specialist and chief of the Soviet
staff in Spain. He liked the Spanish people and the Republican system. On
his return to the USSR, he was a professor in the Frunze Military Acadeay.
He was one of the best generals at the front in World War II.
12. geaereklaallatee:***** Chief of all the Russians in Spain; relieved General
Geri. His activities were purely military and he would not mix in. politics.
He became a firm friend of source, He was recalled to Moscow and exiled to
Siberia. Source has seen his aequaintancen several times afterwards, but
they refused to talk about him. However, Maximo es daughter told him that
her father had been labeled as a Franstleta.
13. Colonel Paulitag Russian, spent three years in the Spanish liar. On re-
turning to Moscow, he worked with .Kone v in organizing schools of espionage
and continues in this work, at which he is a specialist.
14. General Paulo e' Soviet tank specialist and member of the Poliburo.
He was among the first to join the war and remained until the end. After-
wards. When the Germans attacked Russia, he was in command of an army on
the border and was allegedly shot for not stopping the Germans.
15. Geeeeiallig Soviet teak specialist who refused to engage in politics.
For this reason he was given work of only minor importance. Source htAs
seen him may time afterwards in Moscow and says he is frightened abovt
what may be done to him. Popov frequently became drunk,
16e general Hakosia ******* Russian export in secret matters and guerrilla
Warfare. He was imprisoned for disagreement with the regime on returning
to the usaa, but was freed to organize 'hock troops from among other
prisoners. He organized 100,000 volunteero, received fifteen orders and
seven medals, and was twice a hero. He hac not been given recognition
since the war.
17. General Slade/stag Member of the Soviet Air Force, relieved Carboner and
spent two years in the Spanish war. Despite his good work, he gained dis-
favor and was removed from command at the end of the war.
18. general So lies Russian known in Spain as Vat/, was chief of
the 35th Division and counselor of Gen. Modesto. Before the war he was a
professor in a military school for foreigners in Moscow. Be tried to
interfere with orders teamed by source and caused maw "headaches". After
the war he was a teacher at Frunze Academy and secretary of a part of the
course. In the winter of 19470.48, he was reportedly killed by partisans
on the road from Moscow to Warsaw, while acting as a representative of the
Cominform,
19. 1.212see1 Russian, in Spain three years, was counselor of Ungriae
Spanish chief of guerrilla warfare. RS took,no.part in politics, saying that
the Spaniards were adults and knew what to do with their country. Later, in
Moscow, he was known as "the father" of the Spaniards. Duriag World War 710
? he was reportedly the Soviet ,z111,uf cf zuerrilla warfare.. NaP7 Srautcral in
difficultloo later came to Lim for help.
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*Probably P. A. Skobleveki, alias Gorev.
**Presumably Marshal Ivan S. Konev, now Soviet Doputy Minister of the Armed
Forces and Commander in Chief of Ground Forces.
***Possibly Gen. Lukacz, a Huncprian, who, according to Krivitskyes
Stalials Secret Service, escaped the Red Army purge by being killed on
the front; real name Mata Zalka.
****Fresumobly Marellal Rodion Ta. Malinovski, commander of Soviet
Forces in the Far East.
*****Fossibly Naksimov9 but also possibly a Spanish pseudonym. The'des-
cription suggests that either Maximo or Gori is identical with General
3erzin9 who was in control of the Soviet military mission in Spain until
Ms recall to the USSR in the summer of 1937 and subsequent disappearance.
******Possibly Pavlov. Also possibly Marshal G. X. Zhukov, who, while
never a member of the Politburo, was loaned to the Spanish Republicans
as a Uric expert and fought on critical fronts in World War II. If so,
source is mistaken about his having been shot.
"41 ****Presumably Matya.s Rams/ of Hungary.
********Correct spelling possibly Sokocheski or Sokochevski?
Many of the unidentified names are believed to be nom e de =erre. 'Tames
ending in "o" may be Spanieh versions of the Russian movil: thus, "Dumo"
may belDumov "9 etc. Source is probably mistaken in saying that certain
of these persons were members of the Politburo; he probably means only
that they were high-ranking Soviet leaders.
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